He is survived by his grandchildren Michael Acuff Aaron Acuff and Dustin Acuff and 10 great-grandchildren A funeral service will be held at 1:00 p.m at Glenwood Funeral Home. Visitation will be from 12:00 p.m This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page News | Apr 8 Many thanks to the Garfield County Planning Department for clearly stating that the Spring Valley Ranch PUD amendment proposal does not meet county regulations sending this private resort plan back to the drawing board We can hope it departs this area and finds a more suitable location a multi-billion-dollar Georgia based hedge fund is proposing an exclusive 6,000-acre recreation ranch resort on prominent hillsides above Lookout Mountain Their plan will create lots for over 500 monstrous second homes a south-facing ski resort dependent on snowmaking and a vast list of other resort facilities It conflicts with numerous county standards and comprehensive plan policies It is incompatible with the rural character of the area and threatens to dry up neighbor’s wells by wasting about a million gallons of ground water per day It will also displace wildlife and destroy critical habitat; create safety concerns on Highway 82 and three county roads; destroy the scenic quality of hillsides and ridges; create indiscriminate noise and water pollution in the Roaring Fork Valley; … and the list of negative impacts goes on This developer still holds an option to purchase the ranch and has promised to keep chipping away at the county rules We must anticipate that a proposal will be back soon threatening to create an unsustainable development that will decimate this unique valley Stay tuned to help Save Spring Valley from this outrageous attack on your community’s character and livelihood It may be coming to a meeting near you soon Readers around Aspen and Snowmass Village make the Aspen Times’ work possible Your financial contribution supports our efforts to deliver quality your support is critical to help us keep our community informed about the evolving coronavirus pandemic and the impact it is having locally Each donation will be used exclusively for the development and creation of increased news coverage are you considering any property transactions this spring View Results Thembinkosi Lorch scored the winner as Wydad beat AS FAR 2-1 on Saturday evening to close their gap to second place to just three points Cassius Mailula also played and assisted the opener by Samuel Obeng after 31 minutes AS FAR equalised after Abdelfettah Hadraf after 57 minutes but Lorch came to the rescue in the 67 minute Wydad played without Rulani Mokwena on the sidelines after the coach had asked for special leave of absence with both parties set to part ways after the conclusion of the Botola Pro Inwi Wydad won their first game after 6 successive draws in the league closing their gap to AS FAR to just three points Wydad now have 48 points from 28 games while FAR have 51 iDiski Media was founded in December 2019 and comprises of a range of football media products Contact us: [email protected] is closing at the end of the month after nearly 42 years of ownership by the Sim family Jae Sim acquired the business in the early 1980s but it is believed that the Lorch brothers operated it for several prior decades making it one of the oldest businesses in the Six Corners commercial district The corner storefront is located at Laporte Avenue and Irving Park Road Sim said that he and his wife June and son Michael are grateful for the many loyal customers who made the business successful and that it is time for him to retire Sim recalled an incident in which he was home and received a phone call from a frantic customer who forgot to order flowers and needed them delivered to a church (but) I couldn’t say ‘no.’” Sim said that he learned floral design at an art school in Chicago and that his first florist was on North Broadway but that he acquired Lorch because it was a more established shop The family issued the following statement to the community: “We would like to announce our retirement on December 31 Thank you very much for supporting Lorch Bros We will miss the residents of the Six Corners and Jefferson Park neighborhoods and will continue to pray for you The closeout sale is after Christmas.” var _ctct_m = "443f17c969548a2439a568a09cb09c51"; var infolinks_pid = 3307912; var infolinks_wsid = 0; The Nadig Newspapers office is open Monday through Friday Each department has different hours which can be found by clicking on their department page link on the top part of the website Nadig Newspapers - Northwest Side Local Newspapers © 2025 Powered by - Designed with the Hueman theme View this post on Instagram A post shared by Soccer Laduma (@soccer_laduma) SA News African News World News The Club House Podcasts & Videos More African Football Interim coach Amine Benhachem took charge of the team after Rulan Mokwena's departure was confirmed earlier this week Click through the gallery to see images from Wydad's win South African duo Thembinkosi Lorch and Cassius Mailula were both included in the starting line-up Mailula justified his inclusion in the side after setting up Samuel Obeing for the opening goal after 27 minutes Wydad were bagged back just before the hour mark with Abdelfettah Hadraf putting Rabat back on level terms in the 57th minute Read: Lorch & Co. 'offered' bonuses ahead of Wydad clash the home side had the final say when Lorch got the second goal in the 67th minute with a lovely composed finish in the box The win sees Wydad remain in third spot but they are now three points behind second-place Rabat with two games left in the season The two South African attackers were influential as the Red Castle edged out the Militarians in a high-profile match Northwestern Medicine | Northwestern University | Faculty Profiles News Center A type of immunotherapy appears to be effective in treating a deadly subset of thyroid cancer, according to the results of a clinical trial published in JAMA Oncology While they are rare, aggressive thyroid carcinomas can be deadly and have limited treatment options, said Jochen Lorch, MD, professor of Medicine in the Division of Hematology and Oncology investigators set out to test a combination immunotherapy of the drugs nivolumab and ipilimumab which prevent cancer from suppressing the immune system 49 patients with different types of aggressive thyroid cancers were given the drugs every two weeks for a maximum of two years Only 9 percent of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma responded to the treatment and those with medullary thyroid carcinoma showed no signs of responding to the treatment patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma had a response rate of 30 percent a significant number considering there are currently no effective treatments for the cancer “Among the anaplastic thyroid cancers, we saw three profound responses out of 10 patients, a relatively small exploratory cohort,” said Lorch, who is also a member of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University. “Aplastic thyroid cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers that you can get with a median survival of roughly four months and no cure rate To have such a high rate of responses was shocking.” While the immunotherapy was not effective for all types of thyroid cancers the response among anaplastic thyroid carcinoma patients merits further study Lorch has launched additional clinical trials for the treatment “This has already sparked a number of developments already,” Lorch said “It has the potential to become a standard of care for this otherwise terrible The study was supported by the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute with additional funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb Please select what you would like included for printing: Copy the text below and then paste that into your favorite email application Add to Calendar Complete the form below to get directions for the A Celebration of Life for Eric Eugene Lorch This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply Service map data © OpenStreetMap contributors Volume 13 - 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2019.00052 This article is part of the Research TopicHistory of NeuroscienceView all 9 articles one case was considered to represent significant evidence regarding the organization of language in the brain in the second half of the 19th century The interpretation of its significance was based on repeated standard clinical assessment of behavioral deficits the use of a psychological model of processing and lesion localization to inform understanding of clinic-pathological correlation The aphasic deficits experienced by a single case were observed and recorded by London neurologist Henry Charlton Bastian (1837–1915) over a period of 18 years and used as a demonstration of clinico-pathological reasoning regarding language function This case was well documented in many of Bastian’s publications; presented in teaching demonstrations; included in discussions at medical society meetings and public lectures; and reported widely in the medical press the autopsy findings were added to the extensive record of his language deficits Some aspects of the size and site of the lesion were consistent with Bastian’s clinical predictions arising from his model of language processing This single case was a significant source of discussion and reflection in the medical community throughout the second half of the 19th century Examination of various interpretations of this case reveal the assumptions regarding the functional architecture of language processing and more general theoretical considerations of how evidence from cases of acquired neurogenic aphasia can be employed in developing such models This long view into a historical case sheds light on the challenges of clinic-pathological correlation methods in the understanding of localization of language functions which remain today The valuable contribution of such cases may be attributed to the particular purity or severity of behavioral symptoms and/or the willingness of the individual to collaborate over an extended period of time An additional aspect is the personal qualities of the investigator driving the sustained pursuit of evidence and applying it to a developing theory Paul Broca’s (1824–1880) interpretation of the autopsy findings of Louis Victor Lebornge (Broca, 1861) established the clinico-pathological method which remains fundamental to neuropsychology (Lorch, 2011) This case was widely used as evidence for the theory that acquired disorders of language production were related to the existence of damage to a limited region of the frontal cortex another 19th century case is examined that was also a significant contribution to contemporary debate about behavior and brain relations which has not received consideration in the current literature was observed and recorded by the London neurologist Henry Charlton Bastian FRS (1837–1915) over a period of 18 years from 1878 until his death This late 19th century case was well known to the medical community for several decades and was viewed as a significant contribution to the understanding of the organization of language in the brain Bastian was physician at University College Hospital (UCH) and the National Hospital for the Paralysed and Epileptic in Queen Square (QS) in London He was a leading figure of the medical community prominent teacher of generations of medical students and a major contributor to the neurological literature regarding sensation Extensive investigation has revealed detailed evidence concerning the high profile that Bastian’s patient had contemporaneously This case was documented and described in many of Bastian’s publications throughout this period was also presented at Bastian’s lecture demonstrations on aphasia to London medical students for over a decade in various medical society presentations and public lectures which were the subject of review and commentary in the medical press his autopsy findings were presented at a medical society meeting and the clinico-pathological correlations were considered in several subsequent publications was a significant source of discussion and reflection in the medical community throughout the second half of the 19th century regarding clinical symptoms models of processing and localization of language functions Guido Gianotti highlighted the “double valence” of the aphasic syndrome being clinical and theoretical on the one hand and nosographical and physio-pathological on the other Analysis of Bastian’s approach to understanding the nature of Thomas A.’s pattern of difficulties indicates his full appreciation for this duality The present-day challenges of mapping language functions onto their neuroanatomical foundations gives Bastian’s historic case renewed value and potency This attests to Bastian’s rigorous approach to evidence which would become a crucial feature of the case of Thomas A Figure 1. Portrait of Bastian (1875) Bastian moved to UCH and held clinical posts there and at QS continuously from the late 1860s until his retirement in the 1910s He was a founder council member of the Neurological Society of London (f Bastian taught generations of students over four decades (1867–1907) at both at UCL and QS and his lectures were regularly published in medical journals He also wrote dozens of original articles and books on a range of neurological topics which were widely read and reviewed Bastian’s early contribution to aphasia research was a brief report of a single case in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) (Bastian, 1867), but he made a significant theoretical contribution to aphasia research with his long article “On the various forms of loss of speech in cerebral disease” (Bastian, 1869b) he defined three types of impairment: “Aphemia,” “Aphasia,” and “Amnesia Verbale.” This original classification distinguished between motor speech Bastian also included the novel variable “degree of severity” to account for differences in clinical symptoms between patients in each type This was a relatively novel objective given that the notion that distinct areas of the cortex served different functions was still contested Bastian’s investigation of this single case provided a focus for his thinking about clinical assessment and classification theoretical modeling of psychological functions and sensory-motor modalities An indication of Bastian’s methodological rigor and a foreshadowing of the difficulties presented by case of Thomas A. is included in a review of this book that appeared in the BMJ Dr Bastian deserves credit for the candor and care with which he never fails to impress the possibility of error in diagnosis the sources of fallacy which are continually present from complexity of symptoms with regard to the function of many portions of the brain we are still in a state of doubt and uncertainty How often does it happen to many besides students to see their diagnosis which ought to have been correct according to the rules laid down by systematic writers completely set aside by post mortem examination (Anonymous, 1875a Shortly after his book on neurological diagnosis was published Bastian first examined the patient Thomas A He continued to systematically assess him through frequent examinations for almost two decades The details of this case and its status as an illustrative example for clinical reasoning are documented in numerous published and unpublished archive sources These are evidenced in Bastian’s hospital record book notes; lectures; articles and monographs the details of which are presented below he had regained some ability to move his right limbs but had diminished sensibility There was slight right facial paralysis and some deviation of the tongue to the right Bastian determined that the patient recognized but could not name common objects; he rejected incorrect and accepted correct names when presented He had some articulatory difficulty in repetition His counting to 12 was good initially but became more impaired towards the end of the series the spoken forms bore no resemblance in sound or length to the printed form This documents the patient’s onset of illness initial early recovery of some functions and a second event Bastian saw Thomas A. once in 1879 at QS, a year after the onset of his illness. A 14-page entry in his hospital case book records Bastian’s examination of Thomas A (Bastian, 1879) These notes provide evidence of Bastian’s assessment questions and the patient’s responses including the specific stimuli employed and the patient’s handwriting Bastian notes that at onset of illness his only speech was the recurring utterance “Don’t leave me.” After some time more spontaneous speech developed so that he could use “yes,” “no” and “never mind” appropriately Bastian records that after his initial admission to UCH the patient had been sent to the Convalescent Hospital (founded 1864) at the seaside town of Eastbourne his wife reported that once after answering the door her husband said “Mrs Foster will call again tomorrow,” but could not say a word of it again when asked Bastian found mild signs of right hemiparesis and sensory loss affecting the leg more than the arm or face In answer to the question “How are you?,” the patient was recorded as saying “fee–no–rez–ry–no–pri–pri–no–very–no.” When asked to name an inkpot he said “foo–oh,” and made additional series of attempts: “book–pook–no–the–pup–pup–I can’t.” He successfully named a book and pen Requests to repeat produced similar responses some accurate but others being strings of what would now be termed phonemic paraphasias He could follow simple spoken but not written commands such as “open your mouth,” nor could he read them aloud Halliburton records Bastian’s discussion of three different types of language impairment: Aphemia Aphemia is defined as a difficulty of utterance or articulation while it is noted that Aphasia may be compounded with Aphemia and Agraphia literate people were considered to have both an “Auditory Word Center” and a “Visual Word Center.” Aphasia may also be found together with Amnesia Verbale The latter is considered a defect of associations of “ideal things” with ideas of words Bastian points out that in some such patients the ability to repeat words may be preserved the defect may be caused by impairment to either the centers or disturbance of the fibers of communication from the posterior end of the Sylvian fissure Regarding the assessment of patients with language difficulties Bastian instructs students to look for the same six things in all cases These are linked to aspects of his network model Halliburton records the following set of principles: (a) ability to understand spoken words… If the patient cannot (b) can the patient repeat sounds or words when requested This tests the emission fibers from the auditory center (c) can the patient write from dictation: the sound passes into the auditory center then in order to write it must pass thence to the visual center; then it passes out from the visual centers This tests the fibers connecting the two centers… Then there are the same three things for the visual center… the patient not being blind: can he read to himself; this tests the visual word center (e) can he copy written words: or more complex still change printed into written words: neither can be done if the channel from the visual centers out are not intact (f) can he read aloud: name objects: name printed letters This is just the opposite to writing from dictation The impression goes into the visual word center across to the auditory word center and off from the auditory word center In Halliburton’s notes it then says: “Case Thomas A.: who can do all but (e) and (f) So his connecting fibres are damaged” (Halliburton, 1882 Halliburton also took notes on Bastian’s Lecture on Amnesia Verbale There he records an examination of Thomas A who is described as having a defect in the Auditory Word Center and in both commissural tracts He had “no power” of spontaneous speech except for a few words; “yes” and “no,” and when hungry “dinner” and “tea.” He could not name objects He could repeat any word after another person but had some difficulty of articulation (Aphemia) He can copy written words with his left hand but not change printed characters into script Halliburton records Bastian’s conclusions that the lesion is probably at the posterior end of the Sylvian fissure as sensibility and motion on the right side are also affected This presentation of clinical findings corresponds to Bastian’s earlier descriptions It also is a consistent interpretation of the language deficits by way of his psychological model and neurological predictions One indication of the impact of Bastian’s consideration of the significance of Thomas A.’s case can be found in a report of a case of “amnesia” for words published in Brain (Dingley, 1886) Dingley (birth and death dates unknown) had been a classmate of Halliburton’s at UCH 1880–1883 Dingley’s case is assessed with Bastian’s method and analyzed in terms of Bastian’s model The author states his intention that this case serves as a useful comparison to Bastian’s case of Thomas A who is indirectly referred to by his symptoms Bastian includes another description of Thomas A who he refers to as well known to many students at UCH He again states that Thomas A.’s main impairment in “intellectual expression” is “referable” to a lesion involving the connections between the Auditory and Visual Word Centers Bastian includes a plea for all clinicians to systematically collect autopsies for their clinical cases whenever possible; something he and his QS colleagues had been lobbying for for decades his lifelong QS colleague John Hughlings Jackson (1835–1911) stated a view that Bastian also adhered to: “It is obvious that in the physiological study of the functions of convolutions of the brain an autopsy is the only trust-worthy means of getting precise information Yet it is equally obvious that a great deal of clinical work must be done beforehand if our pathological facts are to have any precise value as physiological evidence” (Jackson, 1864 With regard to Bastian’s model of the clinico-pathological correlation in aphasia he repeatedly warned of the difficulty in determining from the clinical evidence whether the underlying defect is caused by a lesion in a center or connecting commissures He suggested that while the post-mortem examination should present the possibility of resolving this in cases of well-described patients the current body of evidence was inconclusive This was due to a lack of adequate clinical descriptions of the exact nature of the speech defect and instances in which there was an extensive area of damage or more than one lesion found at autopsy Several years later, Bastian again presented Thomas A. in a postgraduate lecture reported in the Lancet (Bastian, 1890) The objective was to instruct students on the systematic testing of aphasic patients He describes Thomas A.’s symptoms in detail and again links them directly to his model of functional cognitive architecture: … Looking first to the auditory word centre with its ingoing and outgoing fibres we find that his hearing is good and he understands readily all that is said to him His voluntary speech is very limited… He cannot repeat short phrases but can repeat simple words…though he often pronounces them badly owing to the existence of some amount of aphemia If we look now at the visual word centre with its ingoing and outgoing fibres we find that his sight is fairly good…he can read …so as to understand what he reads…he is no more able to write spontaneously than to speak spontaneously he can copy…and work easy addition…Two other disabilities remain to be mentioned which show that the two commissures between the visual and the auditory word centres have been damaged in some part of their course; these are (1) that the patient cannot name at sight or read aloud even a single letter nor (2) can he write a word or even a single letter from dictation (Bastian, 1890 Bastian outlined recommendations for a consistent method of reporting the name of the patient and date of completion of records in the Hospital’s casebooks Bastian’s stated motive was to facilitate the cross-referencing of autopsies with patient notes to verify his clinic-anatomical model of language and related cognitive functions This call for the collection of autopsy data in aphasic cases was brought to wider public attention by an article in Brain by Dr E Shaw [possibly identified as the London Pathologist Ernest Henry Shaw MRCS (1867–1956)]: I would urge that in the recording of these cases the clinical phenomena should be investigated by means of some such schema as that published by Bastian…and that the site of any lesion discovered by post-mortem should be accurately recorded…for it is only by the greatest possible accuracy in such details that contradictions in apparently ascertained facts are to be avoided and a mass of accurate details be accumulated from which the factors governing these phenomena may be safely deduced (Shaw, 1893 This clearly credits Bastian as the prime source of assessment practice and restates the need to pursue clinico-pathological correlation evidence in order to further theoretical understanding of the nature of aphasia When the brain was hardened and further examined the posterior segment of the left internal capsule and most of thalamus had atrophied; anteriorly All other portions of the left cortex were found intact The cause of death was determined to be the occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery but there was no evidence of older softening in the right hemisphere that had occurred before this event Bastian felt that in light of these autopsy findings it was necessary to substantiate the clinical symptoms He felt this could be approached objectively as in addition to being documented in Bastian’s own case notes had been frequently examined by numerous UCH house physicians and demonstrated to students over a period of years Bastian reports that after his initial period of illness the patient’s speech remained unchanged for the next 18 years as verified by the independent examinations recorded by Dr Boyd Joll (1878); Dr Charles Beevor (1879); Dr William Halliburton (1882); Dr Sidney Martin (1883); Dr Marc Rüffer (1886) Castellote (1894–5); Dr Harold Way (1895–6) reproduced in his final case report of Thomas A Bastian had repeatedly discussed the problem that in some cases it may not be possible to differentiate between the effects of damage to the centers themselves and the damage to fibers connecting them to other centers there were some aspects to the lesion localization which Bastian found puzzling could not read aloud but had intact reading comprehension (no Word Blindness) His lesion was found to include the supramarginal and angular gyrus which Bastian had posited as the area responsible for what he referred to as “Visual Word Forms” (as distinct from some current uses of this term) he appeared to have good auditory comprehension (no Word Deafness) but his lesion included some but not all of the posterior superior temporal gyrus this suggestion was not widely accepted by those involved in the discussion of Thomas A.’s case at the end of the century No successful alternative explanations were offered by his fellow discussants to reconcile the clinical symptoms and the pathological findings The point the editorial emphasized was that Bastian had predicted that a posterior perisylvian lesion was responsible for Thomas A.’s expressive aphasia That this was found at autopsy was seen as strong evidence in support of Bastian’s “commissural” model and his long held view that this would account for the numerous cases of aphasia which had been presented as counter examples to Broca’s localization over the years The editor lauded Bastian’s carefully observed case highlighting its significance not only for aphasia but also for its contribution to physiology and psychology in general The editor concluded that the areas of the brain involved in the understanding and expression of ideas in words was still undetermined It was acknowledged that interpretation of the multiple aspects of clinico-pathological findings in this case was complex Bastian himself admitted that it was difficult to reconcile the absence of Word Deafness and Word Blindness given that lesion involved supramarginal gyrus angular gyrus and much of the superior temporal lobe In this monograph that summarized his life’s work on the neurological and psychological foundations of language functions he discusses Thomas A.’s case again He reiterates the frank admission that there is some difficulty reconciling the clinical observations with the lesion found at autopsy the right Auditory Word Center was more active and had some connections to Broca’s area on the left side This would provide a compensatory mechanism when the left auditory word center was damaged and was offered as an account for the clinic-pathological picture presented by Thomas A Figure 4. Bastian’s proposal for a possible mode of recovery from Word-Deafness after damage to the left Auditory Word Center as in the case of Thomas A. through a connection between the right Auditory Word Center and Broca’s Center on the left side (a.) and the recruitment of “internuncial fibers” from the latter (Bastian, 1898 In a book notice on Bastian’s Treatise in the New York Medical Journal (Anonymous, 1898) the reviewer asserts that aphasia is one of the most difficult medical problems to solve in all of medicine is due to its inherent complexity and the lack of cases that have provided a clear clinical picture alongside a pathological description of the brain at death The reviewer praises Bastian’s application of this scientific method to his investigation of neurological disease in general and aphasia in particular can be seen as a detailed empirical demonstration of his theoretical principles Head’s remarks were made in aid of his larger program to reinstate Jackson as the premiere founding father of aphasiology by denigrating Bastian and other colleagues Sir Gordon Holmes FRS (1876–1965) who was a physician at QS from 1906 reconsidered Bastian’s lasting contributions [Bastian was] adversely criticized by Head and others and although he is rarely cited [today] as an authority on the subject he certainly contributed much to our knowledge of the physiology of speech and its disturbance by disease… his rigidly scientific outlook was scarcely suited to elementary clinical practice… but the house physicians who accompanied him [on rounds] invariably profited from his comments as he examined patients and discussed their symptoms and by his precise and logical methods in arriving at a diagnosis (Holmes, 1954 Bastian’s ideas had widespread influence as disseminated through the teaching he delivered to generations of London medical students and by his numerous articles in medical journals and bestselling books It has continued to have influence throughout the 20th century One such example can be found in the work of the Harvard neurologist Norman Geschwind (1926–1984) and his colleagues at the Boston Veterans Hospital Aphasia Research Unit Harold Goodglass (1920–2002) and Edith Kaplan (1924–2009) who had developed an interest in aphasia late in his career Symonds aligns his views with Bastian’s ideas on aphasia rather than Head’s teachings which were the predominant view held by most of his contemporaries Symonds conceptualization of localization of function with respect to psychological and neurological models is consonant with Bastian’s: It seems nowadays to be the fashion in discussing aphasia to begin with the consideration of speech as a psychological function and to proceed to the analysis and classification of the dysphasias in terms of disordered thinking with little concern for the problems of anatomy and physiology that must be involved when a disorder of speech results from local disease of the brain This represents a swing of the pendulum away from the method of the older writers on this subject who sought on the basis of clinical and pathological observation to classify the dysphasias in terms of the situation of the lesion and its interference with hypothetical centres and pathways serving the different functions involved… It is true that the disorders of speech function can be described only in psychological terms but if we repeatedly observe in disease a specific disorder of speech function the occurrence entitles us to conclude that there are separate anatomical arrangements or one might equally well call them neurophysiological dispositions subserving the psychological function affected was what the more thoughtful of the earlier writers on aphasia meant when they used the word “centre,” though this term later became debased and has gone out of fashion… If we examine the clinical facts impartially we shall find abundant evidence of the localization of function in this sense (Symonds, 1953 Although he does not directly mention Bastian as the source of these ideas, Symonds draws heavily on Bastian’s model of aphasia; and Bastian’s Treatise (1898) is the most cited source in the article. In his conclusion, Symonds suggests that: “unless classifications are established the opportunities occasionally offered by disease [through autopsy] for the localization of function will be missed…” (Symonds, 1953 This statement also clearly reflects Bastian’s own rationale reprinted Bastian’s Treatise on Aphasia For many of us who have labored for a time in the convoluted mines of aphasia this work by Charlton Bastian has been discovered among the rubble as something of a semi-precious stone Not only is it a particularly valuable sourcebook of the early literature but more importantly for the contemporary student the work has proved to be one of the most authoritative statements of a specialized account of the aphasias the so-called disconnexion approach that has yet been published (Brown, 1984) Since Broca’s early attempts to correlate changes in speech and language with injury to specific regions of the left hemisphere aphasia has been the flagship syndrome of behavioral neurology This is the case partly because no other changes in higher cognitive functions have shown such consistent and predictable relations with the underlying brain injuries despite Pierre Marie’s effort to simplify the classification of aphasia syndromes a complex and sometimes intimidating diagnostic system has evolved over the years and other practitioners are often reluctant to fit patients’ speech and language symptoms to a specific aphasia syndrome (Selnes, 1997 reject this style of model although its use widely persists today Their objections arising from current neuroanatomical understanding include the problematic and limited focus on the putative function of particular cortical areas such as “Broca’s area” and “Wernicke’s area,” and lack of consideration of cortical and subcortical connections beyond that of the arcuate fasciculus Bastian continued to insist that until physiological understanding was further developed the nature of the relation between psychological models and their neuroanatomical instantiation was undetermined he did believe that this was the ultimate goal The development of cognitive models in neuropsychology has also been challenged by the new body of functional imaging findings. This can be seen in a recent review of the evolution of cognitive models of language function that begins in the second half of the 20th century (Price, 2018) It argues that the way forward to resolving current difficulties in explaining individual variation and the mechanisms of compensation is to combine findings from functional imaging with behavioral testing and lesion mapping of impaired individuals to develop better accounts of inter-subject variability This would join our new techniques to Bastian’s approach which had recently been underutilized: that of rigorous clinical assessment of spared and impaired abilities and the use of pathological findings to attempt to resolve the inherent difficulties presented by individual differences in behavior patterns This account would be consistent with the model proposed by Bastian over 150 years ago the defining features of Bastian’s contribution are his model of psychologically defined centers connected in multiple ways in a network his clinical approach to aphasia standardization of assessment and the use of classification and his reasoning through clinic-pathological correlation to understand language function in the brain he repeatedly pointed out that individual variation in the picture of behavioral symptoms and the underlying pathology that had caused them was due in part to constitutional differences and the influences of lifetime experiences; what would now be considered as aspects of epigenetic variation and the influence of socio-cultural factors These ideas were tested through prolonged consideration of the case of Thomas A this data-rich longitudinal study with post-mortem findings represents a significant historical source for the understanding of aphasia How language functions are represented in the brain has been a topic of investigation since the 19th century One challenge is to determine how psychological models map on to neurological systems A second challenge is to explain the variation found in individual cases between their pattern of impairments and the pathological source One language impaired patient was followed for almost two decades by the London neurologist Henry Charlton Bastian at the end of the 19th century are revealed through the analysis of detailed archival sources Its significance was based on the repeated clinical testing interpretation of findings with a psychological model of processing and predictions about the areas of the brain involved in language functions some aspects of the brain damage found at autopsy upheld Bastian’s clinical predictions Interpretation of this case illuminates how evidence from language disorders is used to develop models of brain and behavior relations Consideration of this historical case sheds light on the ongoing difficulties in understanding the relations between the function of areas of the brain and their connections to the language processes they bear which remain today The author confirms being the sole contributor of this work and has approved it for publication The author received a History of Medicine Travel Grant 2017-18 from the David M Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library at Duke University The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest I would like to acknowledge the support and assistance received from several archives and libraries: and personal assistance from Rachel Ingold and special collections staff; Jessica Murphy and the staff in the special collections of the Countway Medical Library USA; Sarah Lawson and the staff at the Queen Square Archives and Rare Books collections Bastian,” in The Popular Science Monthly “Medical committee: minutes,” in Record Book CrossRef Full Text Review of Aphasia and other speech defects originally “kirkes” and later “Halliburton’s” CrossRef Full Text Case of “red softening” of the surface of the left hemisphere of the brain: with sudden loss of speech and hemiplegia Note on the localisation of function in the cerebral hemispheres CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar On the various forms of loss of speech in cerebral disease PubMed Abstract | Google Scholar On Paralysis from Brain Disease in its Common Forms Google Scholar London: National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery Archives Google Scholar Bulbar and Spinal: A Manual of Diagnosis for Students and Practitioners Google Scholar with special reference to their classification and ultimate pathology Abstract of a Post-Graduate Lectures on aphasic and amnesic defects of speech CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar “Aphasia,” in A Dictionary of Medicine: Including General Pathology The lumleian lectures on some problems in connection with aphasia and other speech defects: delivered before the royal college of physicians On a case of amnesia and other speech defects of eighteen years’ duration A Treatise on Aphasia and Other Speech Defects “Aphasia,” in A System of Medicine Google Scholar Google Scholar Anatomical connections of the visual word form area Perte de la parole; ramollissement chronique et destruction partielle du lobe antérieure gauche du cerveau Du siège de la faculté du langage articulé dans l’hémisphère gauche du cerveau “Introduction to the AMS edition,” in Bastian Charlton (Henry Charlton) A Treatise on Aphasia and Other Speech Defects 1898 “A short history of clinical neurology,” in Brain’s Diseases of the Nervous System 150 Years after Leborgne: why is Paul Broca so important in the history of neuropsychology Looking back to go forward: promoting single case studies Network localization of heterogeneous neuroimaging findings Norman Geschwind: influence on his career and comments on his course on the neurology of behavior CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar What do language disorders reveal about brain-language relationships Lesion analysis of the brain areas involved in language comprehension Does the right hemisphere take over after damage to Broca’s area 1872–2009 (inclusive) 1968–1984 (bulk),” in eds D PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar The organization of language and the brain “Development of the concept of aphasia,” in Handbook of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology The Assessment of Aphasia and Related Disorders “Notes of clinical lectures delivered by Dr Defects of speech: chiefly those associated with hemiplegia,” in Wellcome Library Aphasia: an historical review: (The hughlings jackson lecture for 1920) PubMed Abstract | Google Scholar Google Scholar The validity of Barlow’s 1877 case of acquired childhood aphasia: case notes versus published reports Dorsal and ventral streams: a framework for understanding aspects of the functional anatomy of language Beyond randomised controlled trials: the case for effective case studies of the effects of treatment in aphasia On loss of speech: its association with valvular disease of the heart and with hemiplegia on the right side—Defects of smell—Defects of speech in chorea—Arterial regions in epilepsy CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Re-examining Paul Broca’s initial presentation of M Leborgne: understanding the impetus for brain and language research Examining language functions: a reassessement of Henry Charlton Bastian’s contribution to aphasia assessment Google Scholar “Cognition and neuroscience: where were we?” in Language Google Scholar Henry charlton bastian (1837–1915) The evolution of cognitive models: from neuropsychology to neuroimaging and back The angular gyrus: multiple functions and multiple subdivisions Book Review: Aphasia: A Clinical Perspective By D CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar “Testimonial for henry charlton bastian,” in Medical Staff Correspondence National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery Archives (London: Queen Square Archives and Museum) PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar or moving past the classic model of language neurobiology Case with a lesion involving Broca’s convolution without Broca’s aphasia CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Aphasia: A Clinical and Psychological Study Eine Psychologische Studie Auf Anatomischer Basis Google Scholar Citation: Lorch MP (2019) The Long View of Language Localization Received: 26 February 2019; Accepted: 10 May 2019; Published: 24 May 2019 Copyright © 2019 Lorch. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited in accordance with accepted academic practice distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms *Correspondence: Marjorie Perlman Lorch, bS5sb3JjaEBiYmsuYWMudWs= Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish. Fliegl Grassland Technology relies on welding equipment from Lorch. The company was only founded in 2022 and achieved a successful start with Micor MIG. Fliegl Grünlandtechnik employs over 40 staff who manufacture up to 70 "Cargos" forage wagons a year in Kirchdorf the output is expected to increase to 300 wagons per year With a length of up to twelve meters and a permissible total weight of 34 tons the "Cargos" is a complex high-tech product Up to 800 welded assemblies form the basis of the various versions Andreas Fliegl: "Welding is everything for us—whether it's the main frame welding is almost exclusively done by hand." The excellent welding processes and the fact that Lorch offers good service support and short decision-making processes gave Lorch the advantage," summarizes Andreas Fliegl regarding the selection process The trained metalworker previously set up an assembly line and the associated quality assurance in a family manufacturing plant An experience that the young entrepreneur has also implemented excellently in his own plant The flexible adjustment options of the all-round machine Micor MIG and highly efficient welding processes have already proven to be excellent the machines are easy to operate," Andreas Fliegl emphasizes Because every welder can make their own optimal (fine) settings Satisfied welders are very important to him as 80 percent of all welds at Fliegl need to be done by hand and often angled spots make accessibility difficult "That's where the very pleasant and intuitive operation of the systems is very beneficial to us," says Fliegl Thanks to dynamic control technology and predefined synergic welding programs after selecting the material/wire/gas and welding process all further parameters are automatically set each welder can then individually and as needed readjust the arc dynamics from hard to soft Another advantage of the systems is their upgradeability and the ability to bring transparency into one's own welding production and work-simplifying functions can be added at any time without external help Frequently recurring welding jobs can also be saved on NFC job cards and quickly recalled when needed Capturing and analyzing all welding production data to make the productivity and processes of each individual weld seam traceable in detail is easily and cost-effectively managed through the Lorch Connect cloud solution Welding in the company is predominantly done in pulse mode Andreas Fliegl: "With the pulse welding process in terms of manufacturing technology and appearance we significantly reduce rework as hardly any spatter occurs." Important criteria since Fliegl Grünlandtechnik is in the top league with its forage wagons the appearance of the seams plays an increasingly important role the overall success of Fliegl products is based on high product quality." The excellent quality of the pulse welding processes is also confirmed by Tom Anders: "Less spatter and the seam looks better," he emphasizes the advantages The head of welding technology at Fliegl previously worked in container construction and therefore brings a lot of welding experience He also sees benefits in the new torches with which the systems are equipped and the operation directly on the torch greatly simplifies welding." By clicking on „Subscribe to Newsletter“ I agree to the processing and use of my data according to the consent form (please expand for details) and accept the Terms of Use. For more information, please see our Privacy Policy Naturally, we always handle your personal data responsibly. Any personal data we receive from you is processed in accordance with applicable data protection legislation. For detailed information please see our privacy policy I hereby consent to Vogel Communications Group GmbH & Co. KG, Max-Planck-Str. 7/9, 97082 Würzburg, Germany, including any affiliated companies according to §§ 15 et seq. AktG (hereafter: Vogel Communications Group) using my e-mail address to send editorial newsletters. A list of all affiliated companies can be found here Newsletter content may include all products and services of any companies mentioned above including for example specialist journals and books events and fairs as well as event-related products and services print and digital media offers and services such as additional (editorial) newsletters specialist webportals and e-learning offers In case my personal telephone number has also been collected it may be used for offers of aforementioned products for services of the companies mentioned above In case I access protected data on Internet portals of Vogel Communications Group including any affiliated companies according to §§ 15 et seq I need to provide further data in order to register for the access to such content In return for this free access to editorial content my data may be used in accordance with this consent for the purposes stated here The in-house torch was completely redeveloped by Lorch with a display and buttons directly in the torch handle allows for easy operation of the Lorch welding system even from a distance and its contour-friendly shape ensures smooth welding even with oscillating movements of the torch A multi-ball joint provides effective kink protection and allows for full mobility of the hose package in all directions The torches are also optimally designed for pulse welding and equipped with a Euro central connection This allows the Lorch processes to be perfectly welded on all existing Lorch MIG-MAG systems at Fliegl The "Cargos chop transport and combo wagons" are considered flexible "full-liners" in agricultural transport technology can be removed in just 20 minutes and converted into a chop transport wagon with additional payload The plant in the industrial park in Kirchdorf was officially opened in March 2024 with a grand inauguration ceremony Several thousand visitors were able to view the state-of-the-art production facility where all production processes are combined under one roof and welding is the central manufacturing process and gain an impression of how "made in Germany" is still being excellently implemented Copyright © 2025 Vogel Communications Group liegt nicht in der gewünschten Sprache vor Möchten Sie auf die Startseite der gewählten Sprache wechseln The content you are trying to access is not available in the selected language Would you like to switch to the home page of the selected language Climate & Resources Interiors & Design Products & References Videos & Podcasts Current Issue Collaborations Advertorials Company Portraits BAU 2025 Detail About Schüco Detail About Solarlux BAU 2025 Events DETAIL Product Award 2023 DETAIL Award 2024 DETAIL Award 2022 Detail Inspiration DETAIL Magazine DETAIL Inspiration DETAIL Books Contributors 60 Years DETAIL Digital Lab DETAIL Product Award 2023 DETAIL Award 2022 Legal Notice Data protection Social Media Media Kit Newsletter Climate & Resources Interiors & Design Products & References Current Issue Collaborations Events the architecture practice now has around 50 employees under the leadership of partners Andrea Wandel The team’s work focuses on adaptive reuse as well as exhibition design and scenography Specialising in projects that engage intensively with historical Wandel Lorch Götze Wach resists generic instead emphasising the significance of place A notable example of their approach is the Document Kepler museum in Regensburg DETAIL ARCHITECTURE GmbH is a leading international platform for design and construction solutions in architecture usable information and inspiration to all of the world's leading architects and architectural schools based on a unique project database with thousands of buildings documented in detail - in DETAIL Events DETAIL Inspiration DETAIL Inspiration FAQ Magazine Books Collection Cancel Subscription Social Media Register now for our newsletter and get a €10 voucher for the DETAIL Shop By sending this message, I agree that the data provided may be processed and used for the purpose of sending the newsletter. I may at any time revoke my consent. (Data protection) The Moroccan giants play their first game after head coach Rulani Mokwena's departure was announced earlier this week Read: Four coaches linked with Al Ahly amid Riveiro talk Mokwena was unable to secure a win in his last six league encounters, which all ended in draws and left the side in third place, six points behind Rabat. According to WinWin, Wydad president Hicham Ait Mena has decided to award the players 20,000 dirhams (R39 000) each if they secure maximum points on Saturday evening. Nothing but three points will suffice as Wydad would out of the running if they lose to Rabat with just two games left on the Botola Pro League calendar. The report adds that the bonus incentive was introduced to help boost the player's morale ahead of the big clash and push the side to secure CAF Champions League football. When these two sides met earlier in the season, they played to an entertaining 2-2 draw at the Stade Municipal de Kénitra back in December. 10 Freedom Way, Milnerton, Cape Town, 7441, South Africa Local International Off The Pitch African-Football The team began life without South African coach Rulani Mokwena Scroll through the gallery above to see Wydad's celebrations from the win Amine Benhachem took charge of the team on an interim basis and handed starts to South African duo Thembinkosi Lorch and Mailula with Mailula grabbing the assist for the opening goal while Lorch bagged the winning goal in the second half Wydad president Hicham Ait Mena offered the players a bonus of 20,000 dirhams (R39 000) before the encounter Read: Lorch Keeps Wydad's CAF Hopes Alive After Rulani Exit Mena's incentive looks to have paid off after Wydad secured the 2-1 win over Rabat on Saturday evening Wydad remain in third place but they now sit three points behind second-place Rabat with two matches left in the season a serial tech entrepreneur who decided to launch a branchless "It was a radical idea in 1999," said Lorch who became the new bank's marketing director "I was still renting VHS tapes from Blockbuster." Becker raised money from investors to start the de novo bank based in Fishers a bank our size has to have $5 million to launch a bank But there was some concern about this crazy internet direct-to-consumer idea so we launched with $15 million in capital," she recalled. The business plan at launch was to have customers in all 50 states and have $100 million in assets But Lorch said First Internet Bank "blew through every five-year milestone in about 90 days." most of whom were in a call center," she said And since the internet was so new to a lot of customers after they filled out an online application many of them would call "to make sure they were dealing with live human beings and that the bank was in the United States," she said Lorch recalled receiving a letter in the mail written in "very shaky handwriting that reminded me of my grandmother's," inquiring about the bank's CD rate "My rotary phone will not allow me to get through your bank or use your touch tone system," the note read After three and a half years as the director of marketing Lorch was promoted in June 2002 to be the vice president of marketing and technology She kept moving up as she learned the business side of banking She was the vice president of retail banking for six years and in 2017 was promoted to chief operating officer she was named First Internet Bank's president while continuing to serve as its COO. First Internet — the first state-chartered FDIC-insured bank to operate entirely online — has grown to have $5.34 billion in assets The bank now offers personal and business banking commercial lending and commercial real estate lending "I think of us as a 25-year-old startup," she said "We've always been growing and launching new lines of business There's always been something new and different and it really invigorates me to be part of it she has seen a lot more diversity and inclusion in the industry since she started. "I'd like to think that being a woman in leadership I'm helping to change viewpoints about what that looks like I'm just not a woman wearing a man's suit and coming to work which women had to do at one point," she said Technological advances have obviously changed how bankers operate you lend it out at 6% and you're on the golf course by 3 p.m.," Lorch said the hours have changed because technology means that things will go bump in the night you could be getting phone calls that the server's down," she added Talent recruitment has also changed over the years While Lorch got into financial services largely by accident banks are much more focused on getting young people interested in the industry "We work with the Indiana Bankers Association that people aren't choosing banking as a career like they used to And so we're coming at that from a number of angles," Lorch said In addition to a longstanding summer college internship and local employers to start a high school apprenticeship program "Getting into the [banking] profession is a great move not just for an individual her parents told her at a young age that it wasn't enough to be as good as the boys; she had to be better than them also for others who were hearing the same message So I was focused on the work and not on spending time networking and building relationships," she said. Lorch said parenthood helped strengthen her relationship skills "I think becoming a mother was probably one of the greatest things that I could do for my own professional development because I developed a sense of empathy deeper than I had previously had," she said "But I think also that being a woman in leadership gives me an opportunity to demonstrate that families come in all shapes and sizes my husband now is the at-home caregiver while I work full time so we've really taken the gender norm and flipped it on its head And I'm showing my daughter and her friends that this can work too," she said Lorch believes that one of the most important characteristics a leader should have is being passionate about their work and for being able to see others grow in their careers I get to see the rewards of lending money so that businesses can get off the ground so that they can employ people who in turn can then feed their families I truly believe that what we do is a service that's helping our community An overall winner will be announced at American Banker's Digital Banking event on June 2 Student loans CFPB wins rare judgment over student loan debt relief firm A federal judge has ordered FDATR a now-defunct student loan debt relief provider to pay $43 million in restitution and fees bucking the trend of cases brought by the Biden administration-era Consumer Financial Protection Bureau being dropped Industry News How Cathinka Wahlstrom is modernizing America's oldest bank BNY's chief commercial officer talks about AI tariffs and her efforts to help create a leaner which he thinks reinforces the case for deregulation FORECLOSURE WARS She stopped paying her mortgage more than 15 years ago own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment University of Hull provides funding as a member of The Conversation UK View all partners In George R.R. Martin’s fantastical land of Westeros in Game of Thrones and House of the Dragon the spectacle of dragons breathing fire captivates his audience through a blend of myth and fantasy The images of dragons unleashing torrents of flames on the new series of House of the Dragon got me thinking: if dragons existed what real-world biological mechanisms and chemical reactions might they use an oxidising agent - typically the oxygen in the air - and a heat source to initiate and maintain combustion Let’s start with the fuel. Methane could be a candidate. Animals produce it during digestion. The images on the screen of Westeros show dragons are keen on eating sheep. However, our methane-fuelled dragons would need to have a diet and digestive system more like that of a cow to produce enough gas to burn down a city There’s also a problem with the storage of sufficient amounts of methane gas A typical methane cylinder might be rated for 150 atmospheres of pressure while even a bloated gut can only tolerate a little over one atmosphere So there’s no biological basis for non-marine animals to store gasses under high pressure A better option would be a liquid. Ethanol could be an option. Maybe our dragons hold a vat of fermenting yeast in their guts, or they could have a metabolic system similar to Devil’s Hole pupfish, which live in hot springs in Nevada, US. Under low oxygen conditions, these fish switch to a form of respiration which produces ethanol However, storage is once again an issue. Ethanol quickly passes through biological membranes, so keeping it at high concentrations and ready to deploy on the “dracarys” signal (which translates to “dragonfire” in the fictitious language High Valyrian) would require some otherworldly biology So, if we are sticking to explanations with at least one foot in real-world biology, then my preferred option is something more oil-based. As anyone who has accidentally set fire to a frying pan knows, this can be a source of roaring flames. There is a biological basis for this in the fulmar gull They produce energy-rich stomach oil that they regurgitate to feed their chicks the gulls have not yet evolved a way to ignite their vomit let’s turn our attention to the oxidising agent it will take more than oxygen in the surrounding air to generate a jet of pressurised flaming oil hot enough to melt an iron throne And it would have to be well mixed in with the fuel A dragon could draw on some chemistry used by the bombardier beetle This insect has evolved reservoirs adapted to store hydrogen peroxide (the stuff you might use to bleach your hair) the beetle pushes hydrogen peroxide into a vestibule containing enzymes that rapidly decompose the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen This is an exothermic reaction, which transfers energy to the surroundings, and in this case raises the temperature of the mixture to almost boiling point. The reaction is so aggressive it is sometimes used to propel rockets The increase in pressure caused by the rapid production of oxygen and the boiling water forces the noxious mixture out of a vent in the beetle’s abdomen and towards its prey or threat It would create the high pressure needed to drive the jet of oily fuel the exothermic reaction would heat the oils making them more ready to combust it would generate oxygen that would drive the combustion reaction All the dragon would need is some sort of biological equivalent of a petrol engine carburettor to mix the oil with the oxygen and create an explosive mix the erupting mixture would probably form a fine mist of oil droplets Finally, we need a spark to ignite the mix. For this, I’m going to suggest the dragons have evolved an electric organ similar to that found in many fish, particularly electric eels. These can generate short pulses of up to 600 volts, easily enough to create a spark across a short air gap. If these sparks discharged across the ducts at the back of a dragon’s mouth, they could ignite the high-pressure jet of oil and oxygen. While we’ll never see a dragon unleashing torrents of flames outside the realm of fiction, it’s intriguing to ponder the science behind fantasy. So, next time you witness a Targaryen’s command of “dracarys,” think about the biology behind that magical inferno. Read: 'Mdu Or Die' Gets More Ink Former Orlando Pirates forward Thembinkosi Lorch seems to be loving life in Morocco after sharing footage of what looked to be a memorable restaurant experience Since joining Wydad on loan in January from Mamelodi Sundowns "Nyoso" has made 11 appearances with just one goal to his name so far brought in at Wydad thanks to Rulani Mokwena has quickly become a key figure in the team and has impressed fans with his creativity and flair where he played three matches and scored once earned him a Player of the Month award for March signalling a resurgence for the popular playmaker. Lorch posted a video of a chef preparing his meal Hibachi-style frying up what appears to be fish in front of him. View this post on Instagram Read: Du Preez Reveals His Favourites In Food & MORE! The Red Castle failed to secure maximum points which jeopardizes their chances of finishing in the top positions. Players Abroad Thembinkosi Lorch kept Wydad Casablanca's CAF Champions League alive after scoring in a 2-1 win over AS FAR Rabat Both Lorch and Cassius Mailula were included in the starting line-up by interim coach Amine Benhachem Click through the gallery above to see our boys in action abroad Lorch was presented with his Play of the Month award for April Mailula made his mark in the first after bagging the assist for Samuel Obieng's goal in 32nd minute Lorch was the hero for Wydad after bagging the winning goal in the 67th minute after Rabat had equalised ten minutes earlier Lyle Foster returned to action for Burnley who registered a 3-1 win over Millwall on the final day of the Championship season on Saturday The Bafana Bafana international was introduced in the 79th minute in place of Ashley Barnes the win was not enough to secure the Championship as Leeds United claimed the title on goal difference Fagrie Lakay had an eventful evening as Ceramica Cleopatra lost 4-2 to National Bank of Egypt on Thursday The South African striker bagged an assist for Cleopatra's opening goal in the first half before he got himself on the score-sheet on 82nd minutes Lakay has now scored three goals in 18 league appearances Luther Singh was a second-half substitute as AEL suffered a 2-0 defeat to Ethnikos Achna on Saturday evening but sit 13 points behind league leaders Anorthosis 68 of Norwood met her heavenly father December 23 She was the most faithful woman to her Lord and Savior She never met a stranger. Gracie was a member of South Stanly Baptist Church where she served as a Sunday School teacher and served many other commitments throughout the years She was employed with Uwharrie Knits for over 45 years She is survived by her husband of 42 years daughter; Shannon Baucom (Rick) of Oakboro son; Scott Lorch (Kelly) of Peachland; a stepdaughter Tessa Nichols (Shawn) of Matthews; granddaughter Shayna Arrowood (Andrew); grandsons; Braylon and Brantley Tyson; great-grandson Shane Greene of Norwood and a host of other family and friends She let her light shine even on her hardest days here on earth She loved her family with all she had. The family will receive friends from 6:00 pm - 8:00 pm at 1:00 pm at South Stanly Baptist Church in Norwood officiated by Rev Hartsell Funeral Home of Albemarle is serving the Lorch family Enter your phone number above to have directions sent via text We have the address for the funeral home & the family on file If you're not happy with your card we'll send a replacement or refund your money all deaths handled by Crain Funeral Home & Cremation Service must have a minimum of the name uploaded to our website Made with love by funeralOne Moroccan giants Wydad Casablanca have completed the signing of South African winger Thembinkosi Lorch from Mamelodi Sundowns reinforcing their squad in a significant winter transfer window joins the Botola Pro side on a six-month loan deal with an option to buy becoming Wydad’s fourth signing of the January window The former Orlando Pirates star arrives at a crucial time as the club looks to compete on multiple fronts domestically and in continental competitions The announcement was made in a stylized video reminiscent of Egyptian side Al Ahly’s unveiling of Anthony Modeste last summer where he previously won Player of the Season in 2018-19 Lorch Thembinkos is now part of the family 📻📞#DimaWydad pic.twitter.com/BmLMg8IW8L He also gained international recognition for scoring the decisive goal against Egypt in the 2019 AFCON Round of 16 His addition follows Wydad’s aggressive moves in the transfer market with three other new faces arriving at the club 𝕿𝔥𝖊𝔪𝖇𝔦𝖓𝔨𝖔𝔰𝖎 𝕷𝔬𝖗𝔠𝖍 🤠#DimaWydad pic.twitter.com/3uHwWU9XVZ Wydad secured the services of Mohamed El Jadidi from Chabab Mohammedia The 20-year-old defender was previously linked with Zamalek but ultimately opted for the Casablanca giants El Jadidi has been one of the few bright spots for struggling Mohammedia having featured in 16 league matches this season Mohammed El Jadidi is here 🔛✋#DimaWydad pic.twitter.com/eDVI5LEiT5 The club also completed the signing of Mickael Malsa the French-born midfielder with La Liga experience arrived on a free transfer and is expected to add depth to Wydad’s midfield Moroccan right-back Fahad Moufi was signed to bolster the defensive line The former Vitoria Guimarães player is known for his attacking contributions from the flanks Our newest arrival. 🔴⚪️#DimaWydad pic.twitter.com/ukqyAdJdkt Despite their reinforcements, Wydad sits in fourth place in the league with 33 points, trailing leaders Berkane by 13 points. However, with a revamped squad and an experienced head coach in Rulani Mokwena, the Casablanca club aims to mount a strong challenge in the latter half of the season. With continental ambitions still in play, Wydad’s winter signings signal their intent to compete at the highest level and reclaim lost glory. The Bloemfontein-born midfielder was not in Sundowns coach Miguel Cardoso's plans and was loaned out before picking up some form. Volume 14 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1302586 The emergence of ophidiomycosis (or snake fungal disease) in snakes has prompted increased awareness of the potential effects of fungal infections on wild reptile populations little is known about other mycoses affecting wild reptiles The closely related genus Paranannizziopsis has been associated with dermatomycosis in snakes and tuataras in captive collections australasiensis was recently identified as the cause of skin infections in non-native wild panther chameleons (Furcifer pardalis) in Florida Here we describe five cases of Paranannizziopsis spp associated with skin lesions in wild snakes in North America and one additional case from a captive snake from Connecticut In addition to demonstrating that wild Nearctic snakes can serve as a host for these fungi we also provide evidence that the genus Paranannizziopsis is widespread in wild snakes with cases being identified in Louisiana (USA) Phylogenetic analyses conducted on multiple loci of the fungal strains we isolated identified P australasiensis in Louisiana and Virginia; the remaining strains from Minnesota and British Columbia did not cluster with any of the described species of Paranannizziopsis although the strains from British Columbia appear to represent a single lineage we designed a pan-Paranannizziopsis real-time PCR assay targeting the internal transcribed spacer region 2 This assay successfully detected DNA of all described species of Paranannizziopsis and the two potentially novel taxa isolated in this study and did not cross-react with closely related fungi or other fungi commonly found on the skin of snakes The assay was 100% sensitive and specific when screening clinical (skin tissue or skin swab) samples although full determination of the assay’s performance will require additional follow up due to the small number of clinical samples (n = 14 from 11 snakes) available for testing in our study the PCR assay can provide an important tool in further investigating the prevalence and facilitate more rapid diagnosis of Paranannizziopsis spp infections that are otherwise difficult to differentiate from other dermatomycoses aside from chytridiomycosis and ophidiomycosis fungal infections in wild amphibians and reptiles remain poorly studied we are unaware of any additional verified reports of Paranannizziopsis spp Given that many mycoses of wildlife have emerged through the introduction of exotic fungi into naïve host populations (Drees et al., 2017; O’Hanlon et al., 2018; Ladner et al., 2022) ensuring that reptile-infecting fungi are not translocated and released into areas where they do not naturally occur is important better documentation of the distribution and occurrence of these fungi in wild reptiles is critical infections in wild snakes in North America We confirmed infection using a combination of histopathologic examination and molecular techniques to detect Paranannizziopsis spp We also report a novel real-time PCR assay for Paranannizziopsis spp that could facilitate more rapid and accurate screening for the pathogen another snake had evidence of trauma that was likely the cause of death (NWHC 26609-1) and the six snakes from British Columbia were euthanized due to extensive crusting skin lesions skin lesions and major internal organs (when an entire carcass was available for examination) were collected processed through a graded series of alcohols to xylene by conventional histologic techniques and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) special stains with periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) and Grocott’s methenamine silver (GMS) were performed to visualize fungal elements One sample consisted of molted skin only and was not examined histologically Fresh skin was also collected from each snake for ancillary testing To determine the relationship of strains of Paranannizziopsis spp. isolated in this study, we performed a phylogenetic analysis involving multiple loci. In addition to the six novel strains, we included representative strains of all described species of Paranannizziopsis: P. australasiensis, P. californiensis, P. crustacea, P. longispora, and P. tardicrescens; the type strain of O. ophidiicola was included as an outgroup (Supplementary Table 1) The analysis consisted of two runs with four chains and 5,000,000 generations; the first 25% were discarded as burn-in and the sampling frequency was set to 1,000 generations were detected in these samples through amplification and sequencing of the ITS region as described above ACT and BTUB loci were amplified directly from these extracts using the same methods described above for isolates Amplicons were sequenced as described above; those yielding poor quality sequence data (likely due to cross-amplification of DNA from non-target organisms) were cloned using the Zero Blunt TOPO PCR Cloning Kit (Invitrogen Real-time PCR was conducted using the QuantiNova Probe PCR Kit (Qiagen Netherlands) with each 20-μL reaction consisting of 3.5 μL of water 10.0 μL of 2× QuantiFast PCR Master Mix 0.1 μL of QuantiNova ROX Reference dye 0.4 μL of 20 μM forward primer (0.4 μM final concentration) 0.4 μL of 20 μM reverse primer (0.4 μM final concentration) 0.2 μL of 20-μM probe (0.2 μM final concentration) 0.4 μL of 20-μg/μL bovine serum albumin (0.4 μg/μL final concentration) Cycling was performed with the “fast” setting on an Applied Biosystems® QuantStudio™ 5 Real-time PCR System under the following conditions: 95°C for 2 min; 40 cycles of 95°C for 5 s DNA template from pure cultures of these fungi was extracted using PrepMan™ Ultra Sample Preparation Reagent (Life Technologies USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions Synthetic double-stranded DNA (gBlocks™ Gene Fragments, Integrated DNA Technologies, Coralville, Iowa, USA) was used as a positive control and to generate standard curves for each run. This positive control was engineered with three nucleotide insertions (see Supplementary material) to help distinguish false positive reactions due to contamination of diagnostic samples by the DNA standards The efficiency of each assay was evaluated by a standard curve which consisted of a series of seven 10-fold serial dilutions of the synthetic standard ranging from 0.05 to 50,000 fg of synthetic DNA per reaction (or approximately 1.1 × 102 – 1.1 × 108 copies per reaction) using the QuantStudio™ Design and Analysis software (version 1.5.1 Each standard was performed in triplicate on each plate For each PCR run that included diagnostic samples from snakes a negative extraction control (extraction buffer without a swab added) and a nuclease-free water control were included To determine the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for the assay, 5 μL of synthetic DNA template ranging from 7.62 × 10–6 fg to 10,000 fg (approximately 0.172 – 224,874,408 copies) per reaction were each run 96 times on 12 separate plates (12 dilution series per plate; Supplementary Table 5) The threshold was set to 4% of the maximum fluorescence and any sample that crossed the threshold on or before 45 cycles was considered positive We determined the LOD using these replicate dilution series and a hierarchical logistic regression where the detection of target synthetic DNA was determined as a Bernoulli distributed variable (π) with probability as a linear function of synthetic DNA concentration in reaction i Yi,j was the observed detection in reaction i from plate j and Xi was the concentration of synthetic DNA in reaction i We included parameters to account for the possibility of false-negative (S) or false-positive (C) results independent of the target concentration We specified these as closed-form informative priors but did not estimate them under our experimental design The linear functional form of probability of detection was specified with random effects intercept and slope estimated for each separate plate (αj and βj respectively) that was estimated as normally distributed parameters from an overall intercept (α¯) and slope (β¯) This allowed for propagation of uncertainty for inter-plate variation into the estimation of detection as a function of concentration With closed form informative priors for base false-negative and false-positive rates And non-informative hyper-priors for regression coefficients We made inference using MCMC and Gibbs sampling implemented in rJAGS using 50,000 interactions with 20% burn-in using three independent MCMC chains with randomly selected starting values from each parameter’s prior distribution (Plummer, 2016). We assessed MCMC convergence visually and by using the Gelman-Rubin statistic with the five MCMC chains to ensure that the scale reduction factor for each parameter was <1.1 (Brooks and Gelman, 1998) we combined the three MCMC chains and sampled every 10th iteration for the posterior estimation of the parameters We then used the posterior draws of α¯ and β¯ to calculate the mean and 95% Highest Posterior Density Interval (95% HPD) LOD as concentration of synthetic DNA detection with 95% probability as To determine the quantification curve and LOQ, we used a hierarchical log-linear regression following Sivaganesan et al. (2008) that incorporates plate to plate variability The cycle threshold (Ct) of detection of target synthetic DNA was determined as a normally distributed mean (μ) with a linear relationship to the log10 synthetic DNA concentration (X) in reaction i respectively) that were estimated as normally distributed parameters from an overall intercept (α¯) and slope (β¯) We implemented parameter estimation using MCMC and Gibbs sampling and the same procedures as the detection parameter fitting The LOQ was derived by calculating the relative error of the estimated mean copy number per reaction for each standard dilution series quantity The LOQ was set as the lowest quantity where the relative error of all estimates to that quantity was <25% Based on the presence of body fat at necropsy six snakes were assessed as being in fair to good body condition and two snakes were considered to be in poor body condition Gross and histopathological images of select wild snakes with Paranannizziopsis spp (A) Ventral surface of gophersnake (Pituophis catenifer) infected with Paranannizziopsis sp Arrows indicate representative gross lesions (B) Gartersnake (Thamnophis sp.) infected with Paranannizziopsis sp (C,D) Glossy crayfish snake (Liodytes rigida rigida) infected with P australasiensis (NWHC 26922-5) (PAS stain; scale bar (C) Areas of epithelial necrosis extend to the deep portions of the epidermis (PAS stain; scale bar (D) Detail of C showing an area of necrotic epithelium containing low numbers of ∼2-μm diameter faintly PAS-positive fungal hyphae (arrows) (PAS stain; scale bar (E–G) Same gophersnake as in (A) (PAS stain) (E) Within the crypt between two scales is a large area of epithelial necrosis (arrow) (scale bar (F) Moderate numbers of ∼2- × 5-μm ovoid aleurioconidia (arrowhead) and ∼2-μm diameter fungal hyphae (arrows) are within the area of necrosis (scale bar (G) Within a crust overlying the epithelium are many ∼2- × 5-μm ovoid aleurioconidia (arrowheads) (scale bar (H) Western terrestrial gartersnake (Thamnophis elegans) infected with Paranannizziopsis sp Extensive full thickness necrosis and ulceration was present along the jaws and head of this snake with the necrotic debris being widely permeated by a meshwork of silver positive fungal hyphae An area of epithelial necrosis contains many superficial ovoid to bullet-shaped aleurioconidia (arrowhead) and deep fungal hyphae is shown (GMS stain; scale bar Six samples examined yielded Paranannizziopsis spp was detected in the remaining five samples by panfungal PCR of the ITS region Internal transcribed spacer region DNA sequences of the isolates revealed that strains for four snakes most closely matched the type strain of P A fifth strain (hereafter referred to as Paranannizziopsis sp 1 isolated from a wild snake in Minnesota had an ITS sequence that most closely matched P while a sixth strain (hereafter referred to as Paranannizziopsis sp 2 from wild snakes in British Columbia had an ITS sequence that most closely matched P One snake (NWHC 24878-7) had both arthroconidia (∼2 × 4 μm in size) and ovoid aleurioconidia present in the skin section The snake from which Paranannizziopsis sp. 1 (NWHC 26609-1) was cultured had epidermal necrosis, erosion, and (rarely) ulceration with a myriad of intralesional fungal hyphae and bacteria (Figures 1E–G) Fungal hyphae were highly variable in size (1–6 μm in diameter) indicating that multiple fungal species may have been present Ovoid to bullet-shaped ∼2- × 5-μm aleuroconidia were often present within areas of necrotic epidermis Inflammation associated with fungal hyphae in the epidermis or dermis was minimal necrosis extended into the mandibular bone Histopathologic examination of internal tissues (i.e. trachea) did not show evidence of concomitant bacterial or viral infections that may have predisposed the snakes to dermatomycosis No strains isolated in this study were members of Clade II Best tree resulting from a maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of eight concatenated loci of Paranannizziopsis spp The consensus tree from a Bayesian analysis had an identical topology Boldened strains are those isolated from wild snakes in this study australasiensis clade but were not identical to existing strains belonging to that species The remaining two strains did not cluster with described taxa and may be novel species Support values are presented at each node (bootstrap support values from the ML analysis/posterior probabilities from the Bayesian analysis) australasiensis clade are not shown due to space Type strains are designated with “(T).” The tree is rooted with Ophidiomyces ophidiicola Branch lengths for the root have been shortened (indicated by “/”) to make the tree easier to view we successfully sequenced the ITS from affected skin of five snakes from British Columbia for which no isolates were available We also were able to sequence ACT and BTUB loci from four and three of these animals We targeted these loci because they exhibited both inter and intraspecific variation; thus they can provide information on whether strains of the Paranannizziopsis infecting snakes in British Columbia likely represent a single species Sequences generated from these four snakes were all 100% identical to those of Paranannizziopsis sp Paranannizziopsis spp. have been repeatedly associated with morbidity and mortality in captive reptiles on multiple continents (Sigler et al., 2013; Stchigel et al., 2013; Rainwater et al., 2019; Díaz-Delgado et al., 2020; Mack et al., 2021) as well as in a population of wild non-native panther chameleons in the USA (Claunch et al., 2023) The cases described herein represent the first confirmed instances (to our knowledge) of Paranannizziopsis spp infections in wild snakes and expand the known distribution of the pathogen in wild reptiles in the USA australasiensis from three wild snakes in Louisiana (n = 1) and Virginia (n = 2) Two additional isolates from wild snakes in Minnesota (USA) and British Columbia (Canada) were genetically divergent from described species of Paranannizziopsis making it difficult to determine directionality of Paranannizziopsis spp infection as either a cause or consequence of these other disease processes The cases of infection with Paranannizziopsis sp 2 that we documented in British Columbia were more severe and appeared to be primary in nature This could indicate that prevalence and disease outcomes vary geographically or by the species of Paranannizziopsis that an animal is infected with infections in wild snakes in North America could be due to the previous lack of diagnostic tools to aid in pathogen detection (e.g. or highly localized occurrences of the fungus (perhaps due to recent introduction) The origin of Paranannizziopsis species found on wild snakes in North America is unclear australasiensis recovered from separate outbreaks at zoological parks in Australia and New Zealand were 100% identical to one another at all eight loci we examined An additional three isolates from captive animals in New Zealand were also 100% identical to these based on available ITS sequences in GenBank (sequence data for the other seven loci were not available) These findings indicate that a single clonal lineage was likely involved in the Australasian outbreaks australasiensis from the USA were more genetically diverse and none were identical to one another at all loci examined These findings could be compatible with a pathogen having been established in an area for a long period of time The infrequent detection of Paranannizziopsis spp in Nearctic reptiles could be the result of inapparent clinical signs of infection (e.g. host tolerance or resistance) due to co-evolution of the host and pathogen; under this hypothesis the manifestation of disease in reptiles originating from Africa and Australasia could be the result of the pathogen coming into contact with naïve host species An alternative explanation is that species of Paranannizziopsis represent introduced fungal pathogens in North America. Given the frequency with which reptiles are imported for the pet trade, multiple introductions of Paranannizziopsis spp. to North America, as has been described for O. ophidiicola (Ladner et al., 2022) have predominantly been recovered from host species native to southeast Asia This is notable because many of these host species (e.g. Wagler’s viper [Tropidolaemus wagleri]) are primarily obtained as wild-caught (rather than captive-bred) individuals that may have been harboring Paranannizziopsis spp Given that most cases of Paranannizziopsis spp infection in captive reptiles have occurred in institutions that likely harbor many reptile species it is difficult to determine which hosts are responsible for introducing the fungus into a collection Efforts to sample wild reptiles around the world could help determine where the fungus originates Additional sampling and characterization of strains from regions where these fungi occur naturally analyses to look for recombination between taxa and mating experiments would be useful to better define species boundaries and determine whether there has been taxonomic oversplitting within the genus ophiodiicola could conceivably occur on the skin of snakes that have lesions caused by Paranannizziopsis spp. australasiensis in skin lesions of two of four (50%) wild snakes that originated from an SFD endemic area in this study we tested two lesions from the same snake; O ophidiicola DNA was detected at low levels in only one of the lesions while Paranannizziopsis spp ophidiicola DNA was also detected at low levels in the single lesion that was sampled australasiensis was recovered in culture from these two snakes ophidiicola may have been unrelated to the disease process ophidiicola DNA was detected on a snake from British Columbia by an outside laboratory but we were unable to replicate this finding when testing two separate skin lesions from the same animal a larger sample set of cases of Paranannizziopsis spp infection need to be reviewed to better document the characteristics of the infection and how it differs from SFD and experimental co-infection trials could help disentangle whether the pathogens compete with one another or act synergistically to facilitate more severe infections on their hosts Due to the limited amount of clinical material available from reptiles with Paranannizziopsis spp the qPCR assay could be improved by additional validation especially for assessing false negative rates and applications beyond clinical samples (e.g. the assay may prove useful in further investigations into the geographic and host range of Paranannizziopsis spp. Reptiles as a group would benefit from conservation (Cox et al., 2022) Yet relatively little is known about infectious diseases affecting reptiles and their broader effects on populations many infectious diseases of reptiles have been reported only in captivity; the occurrence and severity of these pathogens both within and outside their areas of natural distribution have not been documented Although our detections of Paranannizziopsis spp in wild snakes in North America represent an important contribution to the field of reptile disease a better understanding of the ecology and significance of this pathogen to native populations of reptiles in North America would be beneficial The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/Supplementary material. Data associated with this study are available at https://doi.org/10.5066/P9TIGBUU (Lorch et al., 2023) Ethical approval was not required for the study involving animals in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements because Animals were submitted for diagnostic purposes They were dead when received by diagnostic laboratories and were collected and (when applicable) euthanized under the proper permits and permissions of the submitting agencies The author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research Adrian Walton (Dewdney Animal Hospital) and the members of the public for reporting and collecting affected snakes in British Columbia and numerous field personnel and state agencies for submitting samples for analysis in the USA and Dr Geological Survey – National Wildlife Health Center) for contributing a case included in this manuscript Geological Survey – National Wildlife Health Center and Animal Health Laboratory for assistance with processing samples and conducting microbiology and molecular biology analyses Nathan Wiederhold (UT Health San Antonio) for generously providing the type strain of P This work was partially supported by the CIFAR program Fungal Kingdom: Threats and Opportunities Geological Survey – National Wildlife Health Center) The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1302586/full#supplementary-material a new emerging pathogen of pet green iguanas (Iguana iguana) 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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) *Correspondence: Jeffrey M. Lorch, amxvcmNoQHVzZ3MuZ292 Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish Carling All-Stars head coach Jose Riveiro says he’s hoping Thembinkosi Lorch will have a good time in Orlando in the Carling Black Label Cup final this weekend The All Stars side will take on Carling Knockout champions Magesi on Saturday afternoon at Orlando Stadium while Lorch was voted among the substitutes on the day It marks a reunion for the Spanish coach of Pirates and his former winger who made a sensational January move to Mamelodi Sundowns last season his injuries and fitness issues that plagued him towards the latter stages of his Pirates career have continued at Chloorkop and is hoping that he can find some joy over the weekend he’s an important player… in South Africa he has been really unlucky with injuries and it’s an opportunity for him to find himself on the field,” Riveiro said Want all latest SA football and breaking news directly on your phone?Join our WhatsApp Channel! “We’re going try to make him feel comfortable again and hopefully he can enjoy some minutes and everyone knows the type of player Lorch is “I’m going to be happy if he can have a good time in Orlando again.” The two sides meet at eSgodini on Saturday with kickoff at 15h30 Contact us: [email protected] iDiski Media (Pty) Ltd, 3886 Jan Frederick Ave, Randpark Ridge, Randburg, 2169 International It is now reported in Morocco that Wydad Athletic Club have learned how much it will cost the club to sign Thembinkosi Lorch on a permanent deal from Mamelodi Sundowns at the end of the season.During the recent January transfer window Lorch surprisingly joined Wydad on loan from Sundowns for the remainder of the 2024/25 campaign Read: Foster Suffers Blow Ahead Of Bafana Camp His signing was sanctioned by Wydad thanks to the recommendation of manager Rulani Mokwena who had also signed him from Orlando Pirates during his tenure at Chloorkop Lorch became the second South African star on Wydad's books after Cassius Mailula Get ready for a football spectacle like no other as the SportPesa Cup 2025 takes centre stage from Friday 21 March to Sunday 23 March, at Edgemead Football Club. Lorch has appeared in every match he has been available for with the player registering three starts and two substitute appearances so far Wydad have expressed interest in turning the 31-year-old's loan move into a permanent deal at the end of the season The aforementioned publication claims that Wydad's management are convinced by Lorch's ability and have learned that it will cost $500,000 (R9.1 million) to sign the attacker when his loan ends Mokwena seemingly continues to receive the backing of the club regarding some of his decisions as a new performance analyst has reportedly been appointed by the Casablanca outfit at the request of the South African tactician It is reported that Wydad have hired Senegalese video performance analyst Abdoulaye Seck to join Mokwena's technical staff which comprises Allan Freese as technical advisor and Youssef Achami as second assistant coach Read: 'Bafana Bafana Have One Of The Best Coaches Around' Mamelodi Sundowns have been contacted for comment but could not be reached prior to publishing. Follow him here on X The Masandawana pair has been loaned out elsewhere after struggling for game time this season The Red Castle have kept their hopes of winning silverware alive with a crucial Cup win Lyle was born in Rhode Island and grew up in Delaware He was a graduate of Christiana High School and served in the U.S Lyle moved to Abingdon after his time in service where he was an employee of Dutt & Wagner Delaware; and sisters Rayna Holliday and Aleisha Dzwonkowski The family of Lyle William Lorch is being cared for by Farris Funeral Service & Crematory Africa News Despite the Red Castle facing challenges in securing positive results, the Mamelodi Sundowns loanee has been delivering remarkable displays. The 31-year-old player stood out as one of the leading performers for Rulani Mokwena's team in March. Nyoso, as the forward is affectionately known, netted his first goal for the three-time CAF Champions League winners in a 1-1 draw against Ittihad Tanger last month. His noteworthy performances during that time earned him the Wydad Player of the Month award. The former Orlando Pirates player beat midfielder Mohamed Rayhi and defender Mohamed Moufid to this accolade. As the team grapples with challenges stemming from a string of disappointing results, which have jeopardized head coach Mokwena's position, Lorch will be eager to help alter the situation. The Red Castle, who sit in third position in the league table, will aim to secure bragging rights when they take on Raja AC in the Casablanca Derby on Saturday at the Mohammed V Stadium. Wydad Athletic Club executives are reportedly worried about the team's finances amid the club's recent transfer expenditure.Check Out: Confirmed! Rashford Exits Man Utd Since Rulani Mokwena assumed responsibility for the record Moroccan champions the Red Castle have been extremely active in the transfer market the North African giants signed at least 14 players and following the acquisition of Thembinkosi Lorch this mid-season the club has signed 31 players in this campaign Mokwena was appointed by the then-interim president the club's spending has been a cause for concern for many of its officials It is understood that they're worried that under Aït Menna Wydad has been spending excessively and could soon find themselves in debt potentially leading to another FIFA-imposed transfer ban It has been alleged that each club participating in the FIFA Club World Cup will receive $50 million (R945 million) for their participation in the tournament the same report claims that the executives at the Stade Mohamed V are worried that this amount may be lower than originally stated Check Out: Done Deal: 10 Transfers You May Have Missed It has been alleged that the club's president had promised to pay the players' dues out of his own pocket but it is still unclear whether this has been the case or if players have been paid from the club's reserves