Elmont Memorial High School Class of 1962 grads
It’s been 63 years since this Elmont Memorial High School class received diplomas
but when some of its members see one another
That’s in part because they don’t wait for a reunion every 10 years to get together
whose ranks included the late prolific novelist Nelson DeMille
They discuss business — class funds and scholarships — but it’s mostly social
to keep company with friends who go back six or seven decades and whose bonds have only grown stronger with time
They come to reminisce about everything from sock hops to Belmont race days
when some would climb a tree to catch a glimpse of the horse races
the kick line team that performed at football and basketball games
I don’t have any negative thoughts of my high school years
“I always looked forward to going to school,” said Trombino
I don’t have any negative thoughts of my high school years.”
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who were members of the Spartanettes kickline team
The group enjoys getting together regularly to check in with one another
and we all have the same feelings about the school,” said Brooks
who lives in Woodbury and owned an electrical contracting and sign manufacturing companies
came to the luncheon with Stephanie Ossendorf (née Hanish)
“I went to the prom with him,” said Judy Nebel
“And then I didn’t see him again for many years
We were both married and both ended up divorced
Ossendorf enjoys coming to the luncheons to share memories with her former schoolmates
“We see somebody and we think of what they did in Mr
Visconti’s class or in homeroom or whatever,” said Ossendorf
stickball or playing basketball,” said Morabito
There was a lot of social dancing and you’d learn how to do the Lindy and the foxtrot and the cha-cha.”
These luncheons are a good way to reconnect
“It’s nice every three months to get together,” said Nebel
There have been some renewed friendships because of it
Roberta Furman and Mike Limmer show off a color photo in their yearbook
had saved a lot of memorabilia from high school
such as old menus and mementos from places the class used to go
“And she’s the one who organized the reunions,” said Furman
the class named two $500 scholarships in O’Neill’s memory
The group also gives out a third $500 scholarship paid for by its members
a former teacher and coach who lives in Wantagh
some members of the group decided they’d rather not wait so long between reunions and just meet every three months
we’ve probably done this about 40 times,” he said
“It’s just nice to get together and have a lunch
very informal.” He estimates that of the 272 class members
settling on their Bethpage spot — which accommodates them with separate checks — about eight years ago
Now Nebel sends out reminders to the text group of 18 people about their next scheduled rendezvous
the group’s conversations centered almost exclusively around memories from school
But now they are up on the current happenings of one another’s lives
but some of us talk on the phone,” Furman said
“We don’t talk as much about high school as we used to.”
pictured in the 1962 Elmont Memorial High School yearbook
The Class of 1962 was the first one to attend all six years of junior high and high school at Elmont Memorial High School
And we were the first class that started at the seventh and graduated at the 12th,” said Brooks
and he recalled walking up along the Cross Island Parkway on racing days
“There were trees next to where the racetrack was,” Brooks recalled
we built a little treehouse and we used to sit up in the tree and watch the horses
I spent a lot of my childhood near the track.”
Many of the group’s ties go back to grade school
when most attended Dutch Broadway elementary school
“It was a great era to grow up during that time
“It was a great era to grow up during that time,” said Morabito
None of the old gang still lives in Elmont
and the area has become predominantly a community of residents with Caribbean heritage
“Elmont Memorial High School is one of the most diverse high schools in the nation,” said Limmer
but the population is enormously different.”
The high school is still known for its academic excellence
adding that in two different years a Class of ’62 Sharon O’Neill Scholarship was presented to a student who had gotten into every Ivy League college
The Elmont Memorial High School Class of 1962 meets at B.K
Sweeney's Parkside Tavern in Bethpage every three months
who wrote 17 New York Times bestsellers before he died in September
who said he would never have pinned him for a writer
DeMille served in the Army during the Vietnam War and earned a Bronze Star before publishing his first major novel
‘I didn’t know that you can write,’ ” Furman said
was just a very down-to-earth guy,” Furman said
that his father possessed a true gift for relating to people
and maintained a healthy disdain for elitism and snobbery
“He was proud of growing up in Elmont as the son of a house builder,” said Alex
a novelist from Brooklyn who co-authored three books with his father
He would tell me about his high school reunions
and how it was great to see many familiar faces and catch up on the lives of those who had known him the longest
Where a person came from was important to him
and that came through in his writing as well [as] in how he drew his characters.”
recalled attending a DeMille book signing and waiting at the back of a big line to get his signature
which was on a day the classmates had a gathering scheduled
Limmer proposed adding a fourth scholarship in honor of DeMille
“The creation of the EMHS Class of ’62 Nelson DeMille Scholarship in the amount of $500
“It would be given to a senior student who excelled in literature and English
and it would be chosen by the English department chairman.”
the group voted unanimously to establish the latest academic gift for their younger alumni
Trump's influence on NY's future ..
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Dabei könnte die neue Regierung laut Experten an einer Sache scheitern.","url":"https://www.merkur.de/verbraucher/merz-grundsicherung-beinhaltet-radikale-sanktion-experte-umsetzung-wohl-nur-bedingung-moeglich-93710873.html"};c&&a.navigator.canShare(d)&&(c.style.display="",c.addEventListener("click",b=>{b.preventDefault(),a.setTimeout(function(){a.navigator.share(d)},0)}))}})(window,document);
Die Koalition plant mit der „neuen Grundsicherung“ drastische Sanktionen
Dabei könnte die neue Regierung laut Experten an einer Sache scheitern
Wer wiederholt zumutbare Arbeit verweigert
soll künftig mit einem vollständigen Leistungsentzug rechnen müssen
Die angekündigten radikalen Sanktionen stoßen jedoch bei Experten auf breite Kritik
Die Umsetzung der Pläne sind daher nur unter strengen rechtlichen Bedingungen möglich
Doch das könnte sich als schwierig gestalten
dass sogar ein vollständiger Leistungsentzug vorgesehen ist
Das ist aus verfassungsrechtlicher Sicht höchst problematisch
die Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichtes zu achten
jedoch ist dies unter Beachtung des Urteils aus dem Jahr 2019 fragwürdig“
Die geplanten Sanktionen stehen im direkten Konflikt mit dem Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts aus dem Jahr 2019
Auch der Sozialverband VdK Deutschland äußert sich gegenüber IPPEN.MEDIA skeptisch
Laut dem Verband sei der Rahmen möglicher Sanktionen bereits durch das Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts ausgeschöpft
„Wie hier eine weitere verfassungsgemäße Verschärfung rechtssicher vorgenommen werden soll
können wir uns gerade in allen Einzelheiten überhaupt nicht vorstellen“
Dieser Inhalt"+t(a)+"kann aufgrund Ihrer Datenschutz-Einstellungen nicht geladen werden
Archaeologists have uncovered the earliest evidence of high-altitude prehistoric living at a newly discovered site nestled high in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia
the Fincha Habera rock shelter at more than 11,000 feet above sea level was home to Middle Stone Age foragers
who made use of nearby resources in the cold
glaciated environment while feasting on the region's plentiful giant-mole rats
The findings
published in the August 9 issue of Science
challenge the long-held belief that the high mountains of western Africa were too harsh and unforgiving for extended human occupation
the authors suggest that the ecological stability of the humid highlands may have served as ice-age refugia offering unique collections of resources unavailable elsewhere during the Last Glacial Maximum more than 25,000 years ago
Life at high altitude imposes a number of challenges and stresses on daily life and the human body
water and even shelter are scattered across relatively barren landscapes characterized by frigid temperatures and highly unstable weather conditions
The most important and limiting environmental factor for humans is the general lack of oxygen at such great heights
High-altitude hypoxia impacts nearly every aspect of human life
from health and nutrition to the overall ability to perform work related tasks
it's long been assumed that high-elevation mountains and plateaus — those more than 8,200 feet above sea level — were among the last places permanently settled by humans and are only a recent occurrence in antiquity
a growing number of archaeological discoveries from high places across the globe have begun to show otherwise
From the Andean Altiplano of South America to Asia's Tibetan Plateau
newly discovered prehistoric sites — including Fincha Habera — help build a compelling case that people have occupied Earth's high-elevation landscapes since at least the last ice age
these sites are rare and much remains to be discovered about the nature of human high-altitude settlements as well as how humans adapted to the unique environments
"What we today perceive as marginal or uneconomic
resource-poor landscapes certainly does not reflect the prehistoric mindset," said Götz Ossendorf
the study's lead author and archaeologist at the University of Cologne
the factors attracting early humans to high-altitude areas have been largely overlooked in the past
In the sediments underlying a dusty rock overhang nestled high in a remote section of the Ethiopian highlands
Ossendorf and a team of researchers discovered the Fincha Habera site after several years of extensive surveys by foot and pack horse to investigate rock shelters in the present-day Bale Mountain National Park
are well known to the local Oromo pastoralists," who continue to use the natural features as temporary livestock enclosures as they have for generations
was unique in largely lacking modern pastoral activities and containing relatively undisturbed sediments protected from the elements
Excavations at the site revealed thousands of Middle Stone Age artifacts in the shallow sediment
burnt animal bones and the hearths of former fires
Radiocarbon dates from the site's earliest levels suggest that the occupation began during the Late Pleistocene
sometime between 47,000 and 31,000 years ago
Tools indicative of Middle Stone Age cultures and made from obsidian — a highly sought-after stone prized for its razor-sharp cutting edge — and the byproducts of their manufacture were found in great quantities and almost exclusively made from material sourced to nearby obsidian outcrops six miles away and more than 2,000 feet higher in elevation
The discovery of large amounts of burned rodent bones at the site provides evidence that the now-endangered Afroalpine giant mole-rat
provided prehistoric inhabitants of Fincha Habera with a reliable and sustainable source of locally available food
not all artifacts were of local provenance
"One fact that can be quickly overlooked is that we also found a fragment of an ostrich eggshell," said Ossendorf
Since ostriches have never lived remotely close to the 11,381 feet above sea level elevation of the rock shelter
the shell was likely brought there by people from the lowlands
indicating that Fincha Habera residents were connected with other groups or environments
but had a network and regular contacts with other mobile hunter-gatherers," said Ossendorf
performing field research in such remote areas
and particularly in an African country is not easy
Permitting and regulations from Ethiopian authorities
political unrest as well as several dangerous situations involving team members complicated the research
work in remote regions such as the Bale Mountains is logistically challenging
and all necessary equipment required for at least four weeks — including excavation tools
food and kitchen supplies — must be packed into the site by "very resilient horses," or on the backs of the researchers for temporary field camps
While the study demonstrates that prehistoric humans were capable of adapting to and living in Africa's cold and glaciated Late Pleistocene environments far earlier than previously thought
a great deal concerning the nature of high-altitude occupations around the world remains a mystery
we know a bit about the activities they performed and what they ate
but we have an incomplete understanding of how the site may have fit into a regional scale settlement system," said Mark Aldenderfer
The study of Fincha Habera and similar high-elevation sites plays an important role in understanding the evolutionary story of our species
Modern humans began their evolutionary journey as lowlanders
some lowlanders — perhaps those roasting rats in Fincha Habera — became highlanders and acquired specific genetic adaptations to ameliorate hypoxia that are known in modern peoples living at high elevation today
the question is not so much when did people start using high altitude places but when did they begin to live there permanently," said Aldenderfer
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View of the Fincha Habera rock shelter in the Bale Mountains in Ethiopia
which served as a residential site of Middle Stone Age foragers
They were living off giant mole rats during the last ice age
Ancient humans lived off giant mole rats high in the mountains of Ethiopia to survive the last ice age
Previous research had suggested that high-altitude regions such as Tibet and the Andes were among the last places peopled by humans
resources are scarce and the weather can get harsh
although those findings suggested the presence of humans in these areas
they said little as to whether people actually dwelled there.
Related: Denisovan Gallery: Tracing the Genetics of Human Ancestors
Now, scientists working in Ethiopia have uncovered what they said is the earliest evidence to date of prehistoric mountaineers, ones who made a home at great heights during the last ice age more than 30,000 years ago
"The most exciting finding is the fact that prehistoric people repeatedly
spent considerable amounts of time in high altitudes at a residential site and actively
deliberately made use of the available Afro-alpine resources," study co-author Götz Ossendorf
an archaeologist at the University of Cologne in Germany
researchers trekked on foot and by pack horse up to a rocky outcrop near the settlement of Fincha Habera in the Bale Mountains in southern Ethiopia
which is located about 11,380 feet (3,469 meters) above sea level
Previous research had uncovered the site more or less by chance
a soil scientist at Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg in Germany
Get the world’s most fascinating discoveries delivered straight to your inbox
Reaching up to nearly 14,400 feet (4,400 m) above sea level
the Bale Mountains are rather inhospitable — the air is thin
temperatures fluctuate sharply and it rains often
it was previously assumed that humans settled in this area only very recently and for brief spans of time
The scientists unearthed numerous signs — such as stone artifacts
clay fragments and a glass bead — that the rocky outcrop was once inhabited
they analyzed sediment deposited in the soil there to date its age and glean details about how the people there lived
Surprisingly, carbon dating revealed the earliest artifacts at the site dated sometime between 47,000 and 31,000 years ago
this rock shelter was active during the last glacial period
colloquially often called the last ice age
when vast ice sheets reaching up to miles thick covered large portions of the planet
a large part of the Bale Mountains — about 265 square kilometers [100 square miles] was covered by ice," study co-author Alexander Groos
a glaciologist at the University of Bern in Switzerland
"Glaciers were flowing from a central ice cap down into the valleys."
These findings are the earliest evidence of prehistoric humans residing at high altitudes
"A high mountain area during a glacial period — normally
people escape such conditions," Glaser said
"People normally move downward during cold phases."
Although the last ice age might not seem like the best time to reside in mountains that can already get quite cold
the scientists noted melting water at the edges of the glaciers may have made the ice-free plateaus more attractive than the lower valleys
In addition, giant mole rats weighing about 4.4 lbs
(2 kilograms) were plentiful in that area and easy to hunt
providing meat to help those humans survive in the rough terrain
nearby deposits of volcanic obsidian rock would have supplied the raw materials for valuable tools
"The settlement was therefore not only comparatively habitable
but also practical," Glaser said in a statement
Instead of serving as a permanent settlement
this rock shelter likely functioned as a base camp for weeks to months at a time
"where large groups — 20 to 25 people — slept
"Prehistoric humans at that time were mobile hunter-gatherers
so they never stayed sedentary at a single site
but had a scheduled 'subsistence circuit.'"
the location was inhabited a second time and increasingly used as a hearth
the soil layer dating from this period also contains the excrement of grazing animals," Glaser said in the statement
These findings shed light on the potential humans have to adapt to changes in their surroundings
some groups of people living in the Ethiopian mountains today can easily live with low levels of oxygen in the air
The scientists detailed their findings in the Aug. 9 issue of the journal Science
Originally published on Live Science
Scientific consensus shows race is a human invention
as the lower air pressure makes it hard for the body to get enough oxygen into the bloodstream
The weather is often cold but can shift without warning
you have to find food in an environment where plants and animals are relatively scarce
people apparently lived (at least for a while) in a rock shelter 3,469 meters (11,400 feet) above sea level in Ethiopia’s Bale Mountains
Archaeologists found hundreds of stone tools
and ancient hearths buried in layers of sediment on the floor of Fincha Habera rock shelter
According to radiocarbon dates from charcoal and burnt bone
the first people lived there between 47,000 and 31,000 years ago
The site is one of the earliest examples we have of people living at high elevations
instead of just venturing up to collect stone or forage
paleoanthropologists thought that people didn’t tackle the challenges of life at high elevations—in places like the Tibetan Plateau
or the Ethiopian mountains—until pretty late in our species’ world takeover
so it made sense that people would have put the effort off as long as possible
until they found a really compelling reason
suggests ancient people (and likely our hominin cousins) were much more capable than we’ve sometimes realized
Around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum in east Africa
the people who left their tools and meals behind in Fincha Habera would have lived a few hundred meters below the fluctuating edge of a glacier
Life at Fincha Habera would have been cold but not totally inhospitable
Glacial melt would have provided fresh water to drink
and obsidian outcrops on a ridge a few hundred meters higher up contained ample material for stone tools
Discarded bones on the shelter floor suggest that people here ate roasted mole rat—and sometimes had to compete with hyenas for it
About 94 percent of the discarded animal bones at the site came from the large rodents—burn marks at the extremities suggest that people preferred roasting them whole
The few other bones in the cave came from various bovid species
and even some baboons (which forage in the high grasslands of the Ethiopian plateau and sleep on cliffside ledges)
Giant mole rats don’t look like the most appealing game in the world—picture a naked mole rat
then give it a coat of tawny fur and make it about three times bigger (suddenly Meatless Mondays start sounding like a great idea)
because giant mole rats are actually a great food source
especially if you’re trying to make a living where plants and game are scarce and the thin air means you have to use every breath wisely
Giant mole rats dig tunnels between patches of tasty plants
at least compared to the effort of hunting larger
they offer hunters more calories for less physical effort
The artifacts tell us that Fincha Habera was a place people lived
at least temporarily; they cooked and ate meals here
Artifacts span the whole lifetime of the tool
from various stages of knapping to well-used and retouched tools
People weren’t just collecting obsidian from the nearby outcrops and hiking back down to the lowlands
and they weren’t just bringing pre-made tools with them to hunt
like chemicals called 5beta-stanols—the lingering chemical traces of ancient fecal matter
Archaeologist Götz Ossendorf and his colleagues describe the chemical evidence as representing “a massive presence of human feces.”
But we don’t know why people moved into this challenging environment in the first place
or how separate their lives were from those of people down in the lowlands
Nothing at the site tells archaeologists if the people who lived here did so year-round for years at a time or if they came only seasonally
Seasonal migrations and permanent residency are two very different ways of life
which require different levels of adaptation
so they suggest different phases of human expansion into difficult environments
archaeological evidence suggests that hunter-gatherers started seasonally visiting the northeastern margins of the high Tibetan plateau between 15,000 and 13,000 years ago but didn't start living there permanently until 12,000 to 7,400 years ago
If we knew which phase of that process was happening in Ethiopia at Fincha Habera 47,000 years ago
we'd know more about the overall story of people moving into the world's high places
Science, 2019. DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw8942, 10.1126/science.aay2334. (About DOIs)
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(Credit: Michele Alfieri/Shutterstock)NewsletterSign up for our email newsletter for the latest science newsSign Up High-altitude environments are not exactly welcoming places to call home
there’s little shelter and being that much closer to the sun means more exposure to UV radiation
The inhospitable conditions are why high mountains and plateaus were some of the last places on Earth humans occupied
Now researchers find prehistoric humans lived in a high-altitude rocky outcrop in Ethiopia’s Bale Mountains 31,000 to 47,000 years ago
They say the discovery is the earliest evidence for humans taking up residence at high altitude
But this is the first time ancient humans have been found living at high altitude in Africa
The researchers suspected the humid African mountains were a refuge from the dry lowlands for early humans
the team undertook a systematic survey of rock outcrops of the Sanetti Plateau in Bale Mountain National Park
They traveled by foot and horseback to inspect hundreds of rock shelters
a rocky shelf located high above the plains
they found what they were looking for — actually
“We definitely did not expect the multitude of archeological materials at the site,” University of Cologne archaeologist Götz Ossendorf
“This was a very clever choice as in these high altitudes the body needs a higher caloric intake,” Ossendorf said
it is very strenuous to hunt in these altitudes
but hunting of these animals is comparably easy.”
When the researchers dated the remains using charcoal from the hearths
they were surprised to find people had lived at such high altitudes possible more than 40,000 years ago
the region was very cold and the plateau was covered in ice
“We did not expect sites which were inhabited during an ice age,” said Martin Luther University soil scientist Bruno Glaser
food and drinking water from glaciers that melted during the day
“Maybe the reason for inhabiting this rather inhospitable site was a huge obsidian outcrop,” Glaser said
He and his colleagues suspect early humans fashioned tools from the stone
The abundance of relics the team found in combination with the hearth remains
massive quantities of human feces and clear evidence of food consumption all indicate humans repeatedly returned to the site many times over thousands of years
“they used the site as a kind of base camp,” Ossendorf said
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Hannah Osborne is Nesweek's Science Editor
Hannah joined Newsweek in 2017 from IBTimes UK
She is a graduate of Goldsmiths University and King's College London
You can get in touch with Hannah by emailing h.osborne@newsweek.com
either observed and verified firsthand by the reporter
or reported and verified from knowledgeable sources
Translations may contain inaccuracies—please refer to the original content
Stone Age people in Ethiopia had moved into the mountains of Ethiopia
setting up a base in a rock shelter 11,000 feet above sea level
This is the earliest evidence of prehistoric people living at high altitudes
archaeologists that uncovered the site say
High altitudes place many stresses on the human body
The lower oxygen levels make breathing harder
UV levels are higher and temperature fluctuations are greater
it was generally thought people did not start living in the mountains until relatively recently in human history
In 2014, however, scientists announced the discovery of a settlement in the Andes that dated back 12,000 years
This was the oldest evidence of high-altitude living ever discovered
raising questions about how and when humans adapted to these extreme conditions
Now, in a study published in Science
researchers led by Götz Ossendorf from the Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology at the University of Cologne
have found a site that shows signs of human occupation between 47,000 and 31,000 years ago
researchers found a rock shelter containing thousands of artifacts from the Middle Stone Age
hearths of fires and animal bones—evidence suggesting the prehistoric people that stayed at the site ate giant mole rats and made good use of the nearby resources
Radiocarbon dating showed the shelter dated far beyond any other high altitude archaeological site
The people at the Bale Mountain site would have been hunter-gatherers
Ossendorf told Newsweek it is not surprising to find evidence of humans in these extreme regions—to access food they would have traveled far and wide regularly
and never stayed at a single site for very long
They likely returned to different sites following an annual cycle
"We know of even older high-altitude occupations in Tibet [by Denisova hominins 160,000 years ago] and human presence in high altitudes at probably the same time in Ethiopia
But these previous records only showed the mere presence of humans at a given time
there is no additional information on what people did," he told Newsweek in an email
"What we could demonstrate now is that people stayed there for longer periods and actively used the resources of the afro-alpine ecosystem
and they did this repeatedly between 47,000 and 31,000 years ago (we cannot be more precise)."
The site appears to have been used repeatedly over the course of several thousand years
the researchers thought maybe these prehistoric people had ventured into the mountains because drought in the lowlands had forced them to seek out new habitats
analysis of the climate at the time revealed this was not the case
"Conditions were humid at the time of high-altitude occupation
even in the lowlands and people must have lived in the lowlands and in the high altitudes at the same time in Ethiopia," Ossendorf said
"We found an ostrich (never occurring in these altitudes) eggshell fragment in our Middle Stone Age deposits
which is a clear sign that people had contacts and networks with the lowland people and were not isolated or fragmented."
So why did they make their way into the mountains
"To cut a long story short," Ossendorf said
but think it was curiosity that moved the people into these elevations."
Newsweek is committed to challenging conventional wisdom and finding connections in the search for common ground
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Archaeologists working in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia have uncovered the earliest evidence to date of human habitation in a high-altitude environment
these early mountaineers ate rodents to survive the harsh ice age conditions
New research published this week in Science describes the oldest known human occupancy of a high-altitude environment
Stone Age foragers occupied a rock shelter in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia
which is 11,381 feet (3,469 meters) above sea level
led by researchers from Martin Luther University
aren’t sure if the shelter was used intermittently or if the occupation was permanent
least of which foragers from the Middle Paleolithic period
would want to make this seemingly inhospitable place their home
humans are subject to hypoxia—a condition in which the body doesn’t receive enough oxygen
Mountains also tend to feature weather extremes
such as wild temperature fluctuations and copious amounts of rain
also tend to be scarce in high-altitude regions
early humans dared to make mountains their home
Other examples in the archaeological literature include occupations of the Tibetan Plateau (around 3,600 years ago based on archaeological evidence) and the Andean Highlands of Peru (between 6,800 and 1,400 years ago)
but the occupation at the Fincha Habera rock shelter in southern Ethiopia is now considered the oldest example of high-altitude living (importantly
and not just ventures up to the mountains to collect resources)
In order for these Paleolithic humans to resettle and spend some time in the harsh Bale Mountains
there had to be the associated pushes and pulls
the foragers were having to contend with challenging ice age conditions
forcing the Stone Age humans to find new places to live
Excavations done over three years at the Fincha Habera rock shelter revealed troves of artifacts
including stone tools—some made from obsidian—several pottery shards
The archaeologists also found burnt animal bones and the hearths of former fires
Radiocarbon dating of these items placed habitation at the site from between 47,000 and 31,000 years ago
The sheer quantity of mole-rat remains found at the site suggests the humans’ diet primarily consisted of these rodents
and contained sufficient amounts of protein for survival
used innovative techniques to identify ancient weather patterns and to analyze soil samples found in and around the site
this region of the Bale Mountains was located just beyond the southernmost encroachment of the nearest glaciers
Due to fluctuating weather patterns and phases of glacial melting
the people who lived in the area likely had easy access to fresh water
nearby volcanic deposits of obsidian represented another appealing reason to stay in the region
These rocks can get incredibly sharp when they’re knapped
making them a prized resource of the Stone Age
“The settlement was therefore not only comparatively habitable, but also practical,” said Glaser in a press release
The researchers say prolonged occupation at the Fincha Habera rock shelter is a distinct possibility, but they don’t have enough evidence to prove it. Writing in a related Science Perspective, anthropologist Mark Aldenderfer from the University of California, commended the authors for not speculating beyond the available evidence:
Interestingly, the researchers also found evidence of occupation at the rock shelter starting around 10,000 years ago. During this second phase of occupation, its inhabitants increasingly used the site as a hearth, and evidence taken from the soil in the form of animal excrement meant grazing animals had finally ventured to the region.
It seems the later inhabitants had graduated from mole-rats—no doubt a significant improvement in their quality of life.
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The method of infant hip sonography according to Graf is used for general hip screening in Serbia, Austria, and Germany and is considered the gold standard. In other countries, such as the USA, however, it is not well accepted and is claimed to lead to high costs and overtreatment. The aim of this study was to investigate how many of the mentioned sources in a recent review article contained sonograms that met the quality criteria as taught in Graf's ultrasound courses.
A systematic review published by Sakkers et al. was analyzed in terms of addressing the quality criteria of Graf’s method. Studies that were suitable by title, abstract, manuscript, that contained an image of sonographic hip examination, and that were accessible were included into analysis.
Within the described review, there were 22 papers on the Graf method. Of these, 10 contained hip sonograms and were applicable for final analysis. The quality criteria according to Graf were not fulfilled within 5 of these 10 papers. Within these papers, there are examples of schematic sonograms that do not correspond with the quality criteria either.
Skepticism regarding the Graf method may be based on user errors and insufficient application of the Graf quality assessment algorithm, which results in high intra- and inter-observer variations. Based on these findings, a working group was initiated to evaluate further work according to the same procedure (currently approximately 130 papers).
Volume 10 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.1002696
Introduction: The method of infant hip sonography according to Graf is used for general hip screening in Serbia
and Germany and is considered the gold standard
it is not well accepted and is claimed to lead to high costs and overtreatment
The aim of this study was to investigate how many of the mentioned sources in a recent review article contained sonograms that met the quality criteria as taught in Graf's ultrasound courses
Methods: A systematic review published by Sakkers et al
was analyzed in terms of addressing the quality criteria of Graf’s method
that contained an image of sonographic hip examination
and that were accessible were included into analysis
10 contained hip sonograms and were applicable for final analysis
The quality criteria according to Graf were not fulfilled within 5 of these 10 papers
there are examples of schematic sonograms that do not correspond with the quality criteria either
Conclusion: Skepticism regarding the Graf method may be based on user errors and insufficient application of the Graf quality assessment algorithm
which results in high intra- and inter-observer variations
a working group was initiated to evaluate further work according to the same procedure (currently approximately 130 papers)
The method of infant hip sonography according to Graf is established for general hip screening in Serbia
approximately 40 years after the description of the Graf method and more than a quarter of a century (1996 in Germany) after the establishment of a general hip screening
the evaluation of the method in the international literature sometimes appears to be very different from studies from Germany or Austria
The authors therefore asked themselves whether the different evaluation of the Graf method is due to a different definition/application
The aforementioned review paper states verbatim:
Figure 1. Overview of systematic evaluation of the original articles used by Sakkers et al. (3)
only 5 articles fulfilled the quality criteria according to Graf
Figure 2. Schematic of the systematic evaluation of hip sonograms of different original articles (A). The original diagram from (5) was rotated by 90° and mirrored around the transversal axis for better clarity (ultrasound from the left, upright image). (B) Scheme of anatomical identification (Checklist I) from a course manual for the ultrasound course according to Graf (6)
The alignment of sonograms in either lying or standing upright positions and performance of the ultrasound from either the left or the right side was not taken into account as error
The analysis of the 43 listed sources is shown in Figure 1. Of these 43 sources, 22 dealt with the Graf method. Of these, 10 contained sonograms “according to Graf” (Table 1)
Five articles showed sonograms that met the quality criteria according to Graf (Checklists I and II)
The other five papers contained at least one or more sonograms that did not meet the quality criteria
In the five papers that did not meet the quality criteria
the anatomical identification specified in Checklist I was impossible in the sonograms of three papers
the sonograms did not meet the usability check (Checklist II)
Surprisingly, in the two most recent studies (from 2010 and 2014) (4, 5)
in which one or more sonograms did not fulfil the quality criteria according to Graf
schematic representations of the anatomical structures were also found
which also did not correspond to Checklist I (anatomical identification)
Figure 2 shows an example of the analysis of the most recent of the 10 cited papers with sonograms
The evaluation of the sonograms was not accurate according to Graf. For instance, no chondro-osseous border was shown in the schematics of both studies (4, 5)
A comparison of the three schematic figures shows that with regard to point 1 (ChB) and point 3 (Synovial Fold)
It is unclear whether the work by Sakkers et al
analyzed in this paper can be considered representative of the international literature
with its 22 cited papers dealing with the Graf method
it can certainly be seen as a representative cross-section
Half of the original papers with sonograms did not meet the defined quality criteria according to Graf
This fact suggests that these quality criteria are not given the necessary importance in the teaching of this examination method
some of which do not contain anatomical structures that meet the quality criteria
this shows that the insufficient sonograms are not a result of cursorily performed sonographic examinations
but a deficit of knowledge about the method
The fact that the work by Graf cited by Sakkers et al
dates from 1980 should be seen in the same context
the ultrasound method taught today according to Graf had not yet been developed in its current form and the quality criteria (Checklist I—anatomical identification; Checklist II—brewability test)
which have now been obligatory for decades
as far as they are based on data of the Graf method
as some of the underlying studies do not consider the defined criteria of this method
a working group was initiated to evaluate the sonograms of further papers (currently approximately 130 papers
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material
Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author/s
SP and SW contributed to the study conception and design
data collection and analysis were performed by all authors
The first draft of the manuscript was written by SW and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript
All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations
Any product that may be evaluated in this article
or claim that may be made by its manufacturer
is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher
PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar
Correspondence (letter to the editor): the importance of hip ultrasound
PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar
The natural history of abnormal ultrasound findings in hips of infants under six months of age
Immediate treatment versus sonographic surveillance for mild hip dysplasia in newborns
Selective ultrasound screening for developmental hip dysplasia: effect on management and late detected cases
A prospective survey during 1991–2006
Essentials of infant hip sonography according to Graf
Hip sonography: Diagnosis and management of infant hip dysplasia
New York: Springer Science & Business Media (2006)
Bornemann R and Walter SG (2022) Four decades of the Graf method in screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip (part I): Rightly the gold standard or of dubious benefit?
Received: 25 July 2022; Accepted: 12 October 2022;Published: 18 November 2022
© 2022 Ossendorff, Placzek, Bornemann and Walter. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)
distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted
provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited
in accordance with accepted academic practice
distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms
*Correspondence: Sebastian G. Walter c2ViYXN0aWFud2FsdGVyMDFAZ21haWwuY29t
Specialty Section: This article was submitted to Pediatric Orthopedics
a section of the journal Frontiers in Pediatrics
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations
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Staatliche Museen zu Berlin
Planet Africa: Archaeological Time Travel is a unique
intercontinental exhibition project focussing on African archaeology
Africa is the site of the longest history of the habitation of human beings and their ancestors on our planet
It was on the African continent that human history began
with new cultural techniques and strategies of subsistence then being disseminated throughout the entire world
Africa as a continent boasts a fascinating diversity in terms of its natural environment
Human beings in Africa have had to constantly adapt to (environmental) changes and develop new strategies for survival
Such experiences of adaptation are more important today than ever
Archaeological finds and historical visual and written sources offer insights into the arts
technologies and environmental conditions of bygone eras and provide evidence of dialogues that were maintained across large geographical distances
Excavations at different settlement sites have uncovered urban structures that were contemporaneous with nomadic forms of life
The exhibition tour will commence at the end of 2024 with the opening at the James-Simon-Galerie in Berlin
Chemnitz and other locations throughout Germany
The exhibition will also be presented in parallel at a number of locations across the African continent
where it will be organised by teams of local curators
The exhibition has already opened in Rabat (Morocco) and Nairobi (Kenya) in November 2024
Planet Africa will be presented in Maputo (Mozambique)
Accra (Ghana) and Lobamba (Eswatini) next year
Joint activities between German and African locations are planned
The exhibition is centred around the results of research conducted by the DFG Priority Programme Entangled Africa
It will incorporate work by African street artists
who will produce illustrations and film works on the featured topics
The exhibition sheds light on more than two million years of human history
coupled with more than 200 years of research tradition
The wealth of research is presented in six thematic modules
The individual modules repeatedly reference the contemporary research projects that are responsible for contributing many of the images
diagrams and films featured in the exhibition
from the origins of the human race to the emergence of new cultural techniques and food strategies that were spread from Africa to the wider world
The result is a comprehensive overview of a continent whose natural diversity continues to fascinate and enthrall
and that has always required the development of new survival strategies due to constant environmental changes
adjustment processes and migratory movements
Archaeological finds and historical visual and written sources offer a comprehensive insight into the arts
technologies and environmental conditions of bygone eras and provide evidence of dialogues and connections that were maintained between people across large geographical distances
Excavations at different settlement sites and urban centres have uncovered social and political structures of coexistence that were contemporaneous with nomadic forms of life in many regions of the continent
The exhibition also showcases the contemporary application of ancient knowledge and the archaeological exploration of their own past by the African researchers and artists involved in the research projects and exhibition
the exhibition also looks at the viability of archaeology as a unifying link for pan-African and intercontinental solidarity
The exhibition project Planet Africa: Archaeological Time Travel is the work of a team of curators led by Jörg Linstädter and Miriam Rotgänger
Commission for Archaeology of Non-European Cultures of the German Archaeological Institute
and a host of African and German archaeologists
The exhibition is funded by the German Federal Foreign Office
the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin
the exhibition in the James-Simon-Galerie is open to the public free of charge
A special exhibition of the German Archaeological Institute and the Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin
U-Bahn: Museumsinsel (U5)S-Bahn: Friedrichstraße
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Exhibition website
Cosmos » Archaeology
Dyani Lewis is a freelance science journalist based in Melbourne
A rock shelter located in the hostile environment of southern Ethiopia’s Bale Mountains has pushed back high-altitude living into the middle stone age
The Fincha Habera site, 3500 metres above sea level, shows evidence of human occupation at least 31,000 years ago and as far back as 47,000 years ago, according to a new study published in the journal Science
The Bale Mountains
including the Tibetan Plateau and the Chilean Andes
this led scientists to believe that high altitude living – more than 2500 metres above sea level – is a relatively recent phenomenon
But discoveries in Tibet and elsewhere have been challenging this notion
Sampling erratic boulders deposited by a glacier on the central Sanetti Plateau
The Fincha Habera site is noteworthy because objects found at the site indicate more than just a passing presence of early humans
stone tools and fossilised poo – coprolites – suggest that whoever used the rock shelter did so for extended periods of time
But it probably wasn’t a permanent residence
according to archaeologist Götz Ossendorf from the University of Cologne in Germany
“They definitely were not continuously living there
because they were mobile hunter gatherers,” he says
Fincha Habera “was probably one important site in the annual subsistence circuit”
start to paint a picture of what life was like for people living there
Giant mole rats from the region appear to have been a staple in their diet
and charred remains found at the site provide evidence they were cooked
But ostrich eggshells suggest they also gathered food from the nearby lowlands
the residents also ventured further uphill
to rocky outcrops located in an area that would have been at the edges of glaciers
Ossendorf and his colleagues used electron microprobe analysis to show that obsidian blades and scrapers found in the rock shelter were chemically identical to nearby obsidian outcrops at 4,200 meters above sea level
“This tells us that people living at Fincha Habera definitely moved up to 4,200 meters and picked up or extracted the obsidian from there,” says Ossendorf
Fossil ground beetles near the rock shelter also suggest that the occupants would have had access to fresh water
Radiocarbon dates for charcoal – a clear indicator of human presence – along with giant mole rat bones
coprolites and black carbon in the sediment point to a time of occupation between 31,000 and 47,000 years ago
“It’s a sound piece of work and that’s what’s important about a study like this when we start talking about first and earliest and highest,” says archaeologist Mark Aldenderfer from the University of California, Merced, who wasn’t involved in the study but wrote an accompanying commentary in Science
“Clearly people are beginning to take seriously looking for these high-elevation sites and once we begin to find them
we’re finding that they’re earlier than we expected in many instances,” he says
“It really makes a difference in how people then frame future research in those regions.”
Metrics details
The demographic changes towards ageing of the populations in developed countries impose a challenge to trauma centres
as geriatric trauma patients require specific diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
This study investigated whether the integration of new standard operating procedures (SOPs) for the resuscitation room (ER) has an impact on the clinical course in geriatric patients
The new SOPs were designed for severely injured adult trauma patients
based on the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) and imply early whole-body computed tomography (CT)
and the use of goal-directed coagulation management
We included all patients ≥65 years of age with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 9 who were admitted to our hospital primarily via ER
A historic cohort was compared to a cohort after the implementation of the new SOPs
We enrolled 311 patients who met the inclusion criteria between 2000 and 2006 (group PreSOP) and 2010–2012 (group SOP)
There was a significant reduction in the mortality rate after the implementation of the new SOPs (P = .001)
This benefit was seen only for severely injured patients (ISS ≥ 16)
but not for moderately injured patients (ISS 9–15)
There were no differences with regard to infection rates or rate of palliative care
We found an association between implementation of new ER SOPs
and a lower mortality rate in severely injured geriatric trauma patients
whereas moderately injured patients did not obtain the same benefit
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03319381
retrospectively registered 24 October 2017
We aimed to address the need for standardisation of definitions and evaluating the prognostic value of injury severity scores in improving outcomes in geriatric trauma patients
The present study determined the outcomes for geriatric trauma patients aged over 65 years
we investigated whether there were changes in the in-hospital mortality
and rate of palliative care (withdrawal of medical support) after the implementation of new standard operating procedures (SOPs) comprising early whole-body CT
and the use of goal-directed coagulation management based on an Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS)-based algorithm
We included patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 9 in order to determine whether moderately and severely injured geriatric trauma patients benefited from the implementation of the new SOPs
The primary endpoint of the study was in-hospital mortality
defined as trauma related death during the hospital course
Infections and rate of palliative care were secondary outcome parameters
Criteria for infection varied depending on the site of infection
Pneumonia was diagnosed when a predominant organism was isolated from appropriately obtained sputum cultures in the setting of purulent sputum production and/or a new or changing pulmonary infiltrate on chest radiography
Bloodstream infections were diagnosed when the predominant organism was identified in blood cultures obtained under sterile conditions
Criteria for urinary tract infections (UTIs) included isolation of > 105 organisms/ml urine or > 104 organisms in patients with symptoms typical for UTIs
Criteria for catheter-related infection included isolation of > 5 colony forming units (CFU) from catheter tips cultured only in the setting of suspected infection
Postoperative surgical side infection was said to be present in case of incision drainage or the presence of an abscess with at least one positive culture
as well as any delay in wound healing that was treated by antibiotics or surgical revision
Palliative care was defined of withdrawal of medical support
Withdrawal of medical support was initiated in nonsurvivable injuries or unconsciousness patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) after neurosurgical consultation and obviously serious brain damage in whom a severely disabled outcome is anticipated
withdrawal of medical support was only initiated following consultation of close family members
where the latter was used to predict mortality
The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated as the observed mortality divided by the expected mortality
Patients were classified into two groups according to the time period (group PreSOP; time period 2000–2006; group SOP; time period 2010–2012). Descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize the characteristics of the study population. The data were represented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables and as proportions for categorical variables. Person’s chi-square, Fisher’s exact and Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare the treatments.
Percental proportions in age groups for all trauma patients. Absolute numbers within the bars
Flow chart illustrating the patient inclusion and exclusion criteria
Percental proportions in age groups for study population. Absolute numbers within the bars
The SMR was 0.90 in group PreSOP and 0.70 in Group SOP. Hence, the observed mortality rate was below the expected mortality rate in both study periods.
TBIs were the leading cause of death in both time periods (60.2% of deaths in time group PreSOP and 72.5% of deaths in group SOP, respectively, which corresponded to a higher MAIS head or neck score in group SOP). However, the rate of exsanguinating patients decreased from 26.5% in group PreSOP to 7.5% in group SOP.
Multivariate binary logistic regression indicated that time period, ISS group, and age were all independently associated with in-hospital death. PT group and gender were not associated with in-hospital death. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test (chi-square = 13.156, P = .11) indicated that the numbers of deaths were not significantly different from those predicted by the model, and thus the overall model fit was fair.
Percental proportions of mortality for study population
we explored the effects on the mortality and infection rates in geriatric trauma patients following the implementation of new ER SOPs
The main findings of this study were that the mortality rates decreased but the infection rates were unchanged after the implementation of the new SOPs
the mean age and mean ISS increased in the study population in recent years
although the not significant tendency of increase in the ISS in our study did not agree with previous data
This difference is probably explained by the fact that we act as a referral centre for severe trauma
which was demonstrated by the increase in the MAIS head or neck score
In recent years in our country the medical care for these patients was more and more centralized
we can assure a strict implementation of the new SOPs in the Group SOP
patients with an ISS ≥ 16 showed a decrease in mortality rate after implementation of the new SOPs
but the decrease in the mortality rate was not significant for patients with an ISS = 9–15
The reasons for this difference are unclear
but we consider that in this moderately injured patient group
survival may have depended on factors other than the implementation of the new SOPs comprising early whole-body CT
The new SOPs aimed to facilitate the prompt detection of all injuries
or pelvic fractures can often be detected in elderly trauma patients
and more research is needed to improve the survival rates of these patients
many epidemiological studies have employed an age cut-off of 65 years in Switzerland because it is the current retirement age
we consider that 65 years is a practical cut-off age for geriatric trauma patients
although they noted that their study lacked sufficient power to assess this endpoint
It is not clear why the mortality rate of patients with PT ≤ 30% did not improve in the same manner in our study
but we assume that patients with PT ≤ 30% (which probably indicates anticoagulation medication) were already being treated aggressively before the implementation of goal-directed coagulation management because of known pre-existing anticoagulation medication
patients with PT ≤ 30% did not appear to have significantly worse outcomes
further research is required to prevent infections and improve the outcomes for infected geriatric trauma patients
This study had several limitations and strengths
It was based on a retrospective review of a prospectively collected single-centre trauma database
Registry data must be taken with caution as they only can show association and not cause-effect relationships
our data was collected and analysed by well-instructed personnel with an internal and external quality control
This was done one the one hand by the senior author in case of coding questions and reviewing all cases personally and on the other hand by the national trauma registry by its structure with quality control algorithms
the results are only applicable to our trauma centre
It was a database investigation with a prospective data collection not specifically selected for this study
which allows the possibility of bias from unmeasured confounders associated with comorbidities and frailty
may exist and must be considered when interpreting our results
Using smaller time increments could reduce the impact of undetected confounding factors
smaller time increments would reduce the number of patients and therefore the statistical power and increase failure to detect secular trends
we used in-hospital mortality as our end marker without any follow up data
Our main findings suggest that the implementation of new SOPs comprising early whole-body CT
and the use of goal-directed coagulation management significantly reduced the mortality rate in severely injured geriatric trauma patients
whereas moderately injured patients seemed not obtain the same benefit and with no influence on the infection rate
Further research is needed to improve the outcomes for this fast-growing population
All data of this submission are available from the Dryad Digital Repository, please consider the following link: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2v6wwpzhk
Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation
New York: United Nations Population Division; 2001
Population structure and ageing [http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Population_structure_and_ageing]
Übersicht [http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/bevoelkerungsstand.html]
The changing face of major trauma in the UK
Defining geriatric trauma: when does age make a difference
A case control study for major trauma in geriatric patients
Differences in mortality between elderly and younger adult trauma patients: geriatric status increases risk of delayed death
Trauma in the elderly: intensive care unit resource use and outcome
Advanced age is associated with worsened outcomes and a unique genomic response in severely injured patients with hemorrhagic shock
Effect of age on susceptibility to post-traumatic infection in the elderly
Comorbidity and the elderly trauma patient
Frailty for surgeons: review of a National Institute on Aging conference on frailty for specialists
Injuries and outcomes associated with traumatic falls in the elderly population on oral anticoagulant therapy
Frailty is associated with postoperative complications in older adults with medical problems
The impact of advanced age on trauma triage decisions and outcomes: a statewide analysis
New Frontiers in Geriatrics Research: An Agenda for Surgical and Related Medical Specialties [http://newfrontiers.americangeriatrics.org]
STROBE Statement [https://www.strobe-statement.org/index.php?id=available-checklists]
Barrington: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine; 2008
The injury severity score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care
A modification of the injury severity score that both improves accuracy and simplifies scoring
Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness
Serum lactate and base deficit as predictors of mortality in normotensive elderly blunt trauma patients
A retrospective analysis of geriatric trauma patients: venous lactate is a better predictor of mortality than traditional vital signs
The effect anticoagulation status on geriatric fall trauma patients
APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system
Trauma score and the injury severity score
Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) Student Course Manual
Chicago: American College of Surgeon; 2012
Spahn DR: Change of transfusion and treatment paradigm in major trauma patients
Effect of clinical guidelines on medical practice: a systematic review of rigorous evaluations
Deviations from evidence-based clinical management guidelines increase mortality in critically injured trauma patients*
Reduction in mortality in severely injured patients following the introduction of the “treatment of patients with severe and multiple injuries” guideline of the German society of trauma surgery--a retrospective analysis of a level 1 trauma center (2010-2012)
Society WGoPotGT: effect of whole-body CT during trauma resuscitation on survival: a retrospective
Comparison of whole-body computed tomography vs selective radiological imaging on outcomes in major trauma patients: a meta-analysis
Whole-body CT in haemodynamically unstable severely injured patients--a retrospective
Immediate total-body CT scanning versus conventional imaging and selective CT scanning in patients with severe trauma (REACT-2): a randomised controlled trial
The importance of immediate total-body CT scanning
Total-body CT for initial diagnosis of severe trauma
Whole-body CT-based imaging algorithm for multiple trauma patients: radiation dose and time to diagnosis
The European guideline on management of major bleeding and coagulopathy following trauma: fourth edition
Evidence base for restrictive transfusion triggers in high-risk patients
‘Damage control’: an approach for improved survival in exsanguinating penetrating abdominal injury
Damage control orthopedics in patients with multiple injuries is effective
Timing of fracture fixation in multitrauma patients: the role of early total care and damage control surgery
Long-term survival of elderly trauma patients
The optimum follow-up period for assessing mortality outcomes in injured older adults
One-year and three-year mortality prediction in adult major blunt trauma survivors: a National Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Injury in the aged: geriatric trauma care at the crossroads
Integrating geriatric consults into routine Care of Older Trauma Patients: one-year experience of a level I trauma center
Improving hip fracture outcomes with integrated orthogeriatric care: a comparison between two accepted orthogeriatric models
Hospital factors associated with care discontinuity following emergency general surgery
20 years of trauma documentation in Germany--actual trends and developments
Low falls: an underappreciated mechanism of injury
Characteristics and outcomes of serious traumatic injury in older adults
Opportunities for improved trauma care of the elderly - a single center analysis of 2090 severely injured patients
Positive and negative volume-outcome relationships in the geriatric trauma population
Outcomes of trauma care at centers treating a higher proportion of older patients: the case for geriatric trauma centers
Does Hospital Experience Rather than Volume Improve Outcomes in Geriatric Trauma Patients
Identification of an age cutoff for increased mortality in patients with elderly trauma
Impact of nosocomial infections in trauma: does age make a difference
and mortality for ventilator-associated pneumonia in middle-aged
Immunesenescence and inflammaging: a contributory factor in the poor outcome of the geriatric trauma patient
Jahreskongress der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie
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Department of Biostatistics at Epidemiology
and is the primary author of the manuscript
BS and KS conducted the statistical analysis
and HCP made substantial contributions to the conception of the study
KS supervised all phases of the study and revised the manuscript
All authors contributed to the writing and review of the manuscript and approved the final version
The regional institutional review board (Kantonale Ethikkommision Zürich
The need for consent from patients was waived because the database was an anonymous registry
The authors declare that they have no competing interests
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just as Homo sapiens were beginning to move outward from Africa
our species was also adapting to move up from the lowlands
many scientists long believed that the high plateaus in Tibet and Ethiopia were among the last places to be permanently settled
A discovery has now pushed the clock on humanity’s upward migration back by thousands of years
Tucked in the Bale Mountains of central Ethiopia, the Fincha Habera rock shelter hosted Pleistocene humans between 30,000 and 47,000 years ago, according to a study recently published in the journal Science
That’s like living at the peak of Oregon’s Mount Hood
and at the time the mountain was still covered in glaciers and ice
Based on large deposits of burnt bones on the site
the humans who lived there subsisted primarily on big-headed African mole-rats (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus)
an archaeologist at the University of Cologne in Germany and the study’s lead author
says that making the rats a primary food source allowed the ancient humans to “kill two birds with one stone”—they were nutritionally significant and not-so-strenuous to hunt
the combination made life at altitude possible
“Hunting giant mole-rats is a clever solution,” says Ossendorf via email
“because their meat is highly nutritious
and they are year-round available.” Ossendorf speculates that the humans may have ambushed the rats as they exited their burrows
(The mole-rats are now considered endangered due to habitat loss.)
The ancient population at Fincha Habera is the earliest long-term human settlement at such an altitude—the people there slept and hunted and harvested and knapped obsidian to make tools
all higher than 10,000 feet above sea level
While evidence of early humans at high elevations has been found before—and for the human cousins known as Denisovans
too—the find at Fincha Habera is unique for its time in Africa
“We know at this time that hominins are expanding all over the world
into high altitudes,” says Steven Kuhn
a paleoanthropologist at the University of Arizona who was not involved in the study
“But it’s really unusual for Africa.”
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Police in Germany say they busted scammers suspected of selling fake Canadian "Maple Leaf" gold coins with the face of Queen Elizabeth II on them
The alleged fraudsters are said to have conned buyers out of 80,000 euros ($85,910)
Cologne police headquarters in the western German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the public prosecutor's office said in a joint statement Monday: "After months of investigative work
Cologne investigators arrested three men (30
51) in Cologne-Ossendorf on Thursday afternoon (June 2) and seized 19 fake gold coins and several 100 euros in cash."
Police have not revealed what the coins were made of
The authorities added: "The suspects are accused of having sold 'gold coins'
which are still official means of payment in Canada
several times since the beginning of the year via an Internet portal and having cheated buyers out of around 80,000 euros ($85,825)."
said: "We suspect there may be other victims who may not even know they have counterfeit gold coins in their vault
"Anyone who has bought Canadian 'Maple Leaf' gold coins through unconventional channels
should take steps to have their authenticity checked immediately
Officials said the prime suspect is a 31-year-old from the city of Solingen
He was already known to police over suspected cases of fraud
The suspect has not been named due to strict local privacy laws
He and his 30-year-old suspected accomplice - also unnamed but from Dortmund - are set to appear before a judge
The police added: "The 51-year-old alleged accomplice is also from Solingen and was released after consultation with the public prosecutor."
The German police said that people who believe that they may be victims of the fraud should contact them
They said: "Other victims are asked to contact the investigators at Criminal Police Office 34 by telephone on 0221 229-0 or by email at poststelle.koeln@polizei.nrw.de"
Gold has seen its overall value increase considerably over the last five years
going from approximately $1,200 per ounce in October 2018 to approximately $1,850 in May this year
The Canadian Gold Maple Leaf is a gold coin produced by the Royal Canadian Mint and issued every year by the Canadian government
The coins bear the face of Queen Elizabeth II on one side and a maple leaf on the other
The Gold Maple Leaf is valid legal tender in Canada and has a face value of 50 Canadian dollars ($39.77)
a 1-ounce Maple Leaf Gold Coin was currently worth between $1,850 and $2,000
This story was provided to Newsweek by Zenger News
The Brno Transport Company (DPMB) has signed a contract with a consortium led by Vinci Construction to extend the tram network to the Kamechy housing estate
Construction is set to begin in the coming weeks
with trial operation planned for December 2027
The winning bid of CZK 1.842 billion was only around 75% of the estimated CZK 2.5 billion
and the city expects the EU to cover most of the cost for the 1.4 km extension.
was announced as the winner of the tender at the end of last year
and the contract is now available in the public register
The route will lead from the existing Ečerova tram loop along Vejrostova and then through an underground tunnel under Říčanská
It will end with a new loop at the intersection of Hostislavova and Kamechy
while the rest will be constructed by digging pits
building a concrete structure and then backfilling
Plans for a tram extension to the Kamechy housing estate have been under discussion for decades
The tunnel option was initially chosen in 2015
rejected in 2018 due to cost concerns and geological conditions
and then reinstated by city councillors in June 2020 after a new feasibility study
“This is the largest transport construction of its kind in the modern history of the city of Brno,” said Brno Mayor Markéta Vaňková
“The new line will not only improve the accessibility of the Kamechy housing estate but will also contribute to more ecological and efficient transport
We will offer the residents of this area more comfortable and faster travel.”
the tram terminal in Bystrc is more than a kilometre away from Kamechy
Upon the completion of the project in 2027
the extension of the tram line will give local people a direct connection to the city centre for the first time
The project also includes modifications to the affected road
relocation of utility networks and other minor works
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