Thousands of people in cities all over Europe are working to ensure European access to space
bringing all the benefits of our wider Universe to people on Earth
This satellite photo highlights one of the cities of Ariane 6
where people are working to make Europe’s new heavy-lift rocket
from cars to aircraft and also space transport
Just south of Munich in Ottobrunn is where ArianeGroup
design authority and prime contractor for the Ariane 6 rocket has an office for its spacecraft propulsion division
Vulcain 2.1 is the main stage engine for Ariane 6 and sits at the bottom of the rocket's central core
Calling Vulcain an engine hardly does it justice
this rocket engine uses super-cooled liquid oxygen and hydrogen as fuel kept below –180°C and the engine provides over 1370 kN of thrust – ten times more than the takeoff thrust of a typical passenger jet
Higher up on the Ariane 6 rocket is the Vinci engine
it ignites once the upper stage has escaped the clutches of gravity
and places satellites into their precise orbit – it can then ignite again
The restarting allows Ariane 6 to reach a larger range of orbits to deliver more payloads on a single launch
southern Bavaria—about 13 kilometres from Munich
the beginnings of a revolution in aircraft technology are starting to take shape
high-tech facility has sprung from the ground in record time
But this is no ordinary facility: at more than 3,000 m2
it is the largest test house dedicated exclusively to alternative propulsion systems and fuels in Europe
NASA in the US is the only other organisation in the world to offer comparable facilities
This means Airbus can now test the latest electric motors and hybrid-electric engines directly on its own premises
and develop its own low-emission alternative propulsion units
[EAS House] is where we put the engines through their paces
We can test everything from electric motors for unmanned flying taxis to hybrid-electric engines for the commercial aircraft of the future
“This is where we put the engines through their paces,” explains Martin Nüsseler
“We can test everything from electric motors for unmanned flying taxis to hybrid-electric engines for the commercial aircraft of the future.”
The EAS House is a €50-million investment with one clear goal: to develop the in-depth expertise on the alternative propulsion technology needed to help the first generation of zero-emission commercial aircraft take to the skies within the 2030s timeframe
And that objective is already on the right track. At the EAS House, the E-Fan X is the flagship project
Airbus is developing the E-Fan X to accelerate progress on hybrid-electric technology and to establish the requirements for future certification of zero-emission commercial aircraft
Rolls-Royce will deliver the electric motor that will replace one of the four gas turbines installed on the test aircraft—a BAe 146. The electric motor will be equipped with 2 MW of power.
How will altitude and speed affect this power?” asks Olivier Maillard
“We need to find solutions to both of these questions
But if the company’s successive electrification projects have helped to gradually change minds on the potential of electric flight
Airbus hopes the EAS House will mark a “tipping point” for the aviation industry to see alternative propulsion as a serious and viable technology that can be widely adopted
A German start-up is at the forefront of the ambitious market for manufacturers of civilian rockets: Munich-based launch service provider Isar Aerospace
Josef Fleischmann (CTO) and Markus Brandl (Head of Combustion) met each other during their studies at the Technical University of Munich
Together they undertook research on smaller rockets and performed launches as part of the Scientific Workgroup for Rocketry and Spaceflight (WARR)
they were approached by companies that wanted to purchase rocket propulsion systems
The three asked themselves why the industry would want to purchase rocket engines from students – could they not make them themselves
then would they need the entire launch vehicle
“We recognised the high demand from industry for more cost-effective and flexible rocket launch solutions”
And so the idea for Isar Aerospace was born
the company that was founded in 2018 and located in Ottobrunn near Munich employs over 200 people from over 40 countries
The first test flight of the Spectrum launch vehicle is scheduled for 2025 from the Norwegian island of Andøya
Their customers include Airbus Defence and Space
The business hit the ground running to become one of the most important players on the market for launch vehicles and has already raised 180 million US dollars in funding
Investment holding company Porsche SE is the most recent addition to their ranks of investors
telecoms and automotive manufacturers will not be the only ones that depend on satellites”
“Nearly every company and every organisation will.”
Isar Aerospace wants to meet rising global demand for flexible and affordable access to space
we wouldn’t have services like GPS or Google Maps”
“Tracking ship and aircraft locations would be impossible
we can use satellites to ensure access to high-speed Internet all over the world.” As a result
aerospace technology is setting the pace for new business models and platforms for innovation and future technologies
An entire sector is developing out of this field
the global market for space launch services is expected to increase to over 30 billion euros by 2027”
Analysts from Allied Market Research estimate that the market constituted by small and flexible rocket manufacturers will increase to 8.1 billion euros by 2027
only two such small commercial rockets are operational today
experts estimate that close to 10,000 satellites will orbit the Earth
most of them being small satellites under 250 kilograms
And this is precisely the market Isar Aerospace is targeting
the satellites that the start-up plans to transport to space with the 28-metre-long Spectrum launch vehicle will circle the Earth in low Earth orbit
conventional GPS systems work with satellites that orbit at about 20,000 kilometres above the planet
The satellites are a key strategic tool for the entire automotive industry
even though it is used for transmitting data to car entertainment systems or connecting factories
But automotive manufacturers will not be the only ones dependent on satellites in future – nearly every public or private company and every organisation that works with information or complex communication technologies will need them as well
The satellite images can also be used to monitor the environment; for example
“Satellites make it possible to monitor and measure changes in the Earth’s surfaces
then develop a plan of action to protect them”
They can be used to quickly localise the source of forest fires or determine the extent of flooding using data in real time
Isar Aerospace announced the conclusion of a launch service agreement with New Space start-up OroraTech
“Their nano-satellites will be used to help combat wildfires around the world and the global climate crisis through satellite-supported services for detecting and monitoring forest fires”
Isar Aerospace was able to raise 220 million euros in the most recent funding round
the start-up has already raised over 400 million euros
this makes them the fastest-growing and best-financed space start-up in Europe
Experts value the company at around one billion euros
invested during the latest round of financing
Isar Aerospace had already muscled its way ahead of two German competitors: Rocket Factory Augsburg and HyImpulse Technologies from Baden-Wuerttemberg
KfW Capital invests in German and European venture capital funds which in turn invest in fast growing technology companies in Germany and thus strengthen the companies’ capital base
KfW subsidiary KfW Capital invested via two venture capital funds: HV Capital and UVC
“UVC showed support for Isar Aerospace back at a very early stage as a seed investor
They believed in the team and our vision before there was much to show for it”
“HV Capital then joined the fold as a new investor at the end of 2020 in the series B round and then significantly increased its investment in the series B extension.” Jörg Goschin
adds: “We are pleased with the cooperation with UVC Partners and HV Capital on financing for Isar Aerospace
Isar Aerospace is also an excellent example of how venture capital makes it possible for technologically ambitious start-ups in Germany to execute their business plans
The investors are most pleased by the fact that Isar Aerospace has cost-effective production
A key factor here is that manufacturing is largely automated
Many of the propulsion drive components are made using 3D printers; the milling machines are partly operated by robots
Ninety per cent of their manufacturing is in-house
we are the only ones that carry out the entire value creation process in-house”
“from design software and expertise to test facilities and production.” One launch currently costs customers around 10,000 euros per kilogram of payload – around four times less than at other small launch vehicle manufacturers
Isar Aerospace was in the right place at the right time
Although German satellite manufacturers could launch using US rocket manufacturers
that would mean that they would depend on America
And neither businesses nor policy-makers want to repeat the mistake they made when the Internet was set up
Europeans do not want to surrender this field to the United States and become dependent again
Isar Aerospace has been awarded the EIC Horizon Prize "Low-Cost Space Launch" worth 10 million euros by the European Commission
This applies in particular to data traffic
The European Commission is planning to create its own secure data communication network in space
Mobile Internet connections also use satellites
and Europe does not want to surrender this information to US intelligence services any longer
Isar Aerospace is part of the consortium which wants to operate the construction of the system under the leadership of the French start-up Rovial.
“We believe in a technologically sovereign Europe where the entire value chain originates within Europe”
The ‘Going Full Spectrum’ mission was launched from Andøya Spaceport in Norway on 30 March 2025
the launch vehicle first had to accelerate to 28,000 kilometres per hour at take-off and was then destroyed in a controlled manner after just under a minute in flight
further rockets built in Munich-Ottobrunn will be ready for the next tests
The test flight marks the first launch of an orbital vehicle from the European mainland
which was developed and built entirely by Isar Aerospace
did not transport any customer payloads on this first flight
the focus was solely on gathering as much data and experience as possible
The results of the test will be incorporated into the further development of future Spectrum vehicles
which are being built and tested in parallel
Isar Aerospace is endeavouring to make an important contribution to European space autonomy and to lay the foundations for independent and competitive access to space from Europe
Published on KfW Stories on 10 December 2021
All United Nations member states adopted the 2030 Agenda in 2015
At its heart is a list of 17 goals for sustainable development
known as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Our world should become a place where people are able to live in peace with each other in ways that are ecologically compatible
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