Henry Clement “Heinie” (or Heine) Peitz was born in St. Louis, Missouri, reportedly on November 28, 1870.3 He was the youngest of Henry and Angeline (Beeder) Peitz’s four children. The elder Henry, a laborer, and his homemaker wife were immigrants from northwest Germany’s Westphalia region. In the US, the couple welcomed daughter Annie, followed by sons Herman, Joe In 1886, Peitz began his amateur career with the 19-and-under I X L Base Ball Club.6 His brother Joe manned third base, and Heinie recalled, “I played shortstop for them nearly three seasons.”7  Louis finished 10th in the 12-team NL in 1893 was the primary catcher and played six positions he batted .254 and ranked second best on the team in walks and triples (tied) In 1894, the Browns placed ninth, and Peitz’s brother Joe joined the club briefly.22 Heinie Peitz hit .263 in 99 contests, though he saw more action at third base (47 games) than catcher (39). “Henry Peitz… objects to playing third base,” one paper reported. “He says I feel more at home behind the bat.”23 Shortly after the 1894 season concluded, Peitz married Martha Viola “Mattie” Davis in Mount Vernon, Indiana. According to various censuses, she was born in Germany, in Tennessee, or at sea.25 After St. Louis slipped into 11th place in June, Buckenberger resigned. Peitz had already replaced Miller as team captain when the latter stepped down in May.27 Catching regularly, Peitz raised his batting average to .284, with career highs in RBIs (65) and triples (12). He was limited to 90 games after dislocating a finger when he was hit by a foul tip during a July 4 doubleheader.28 Later, Peitz reflected, “The trouble with Chris [von der Ahe] was that he had too many advisers in whom he had great confidence and who really knew nothing about the game.” Peitz said team secretary Benjamin Muckenfuss drafted the advisers’ critiques into speeches for the owner to deliver. “It was really funny to hear him try to pronounce some of the words that Muck would put into these speeches.”30 The 1896 Reds held first place as late as August 20, when they commenced an 11-game losing streak. Peitz suffered a season-ending split finger on September 7.34 Although he appeared in just 68 games, he batted .299, with personal bests in slugging (.431) and on-base percentage (.386). Peitz “received a handsome increase in salary.”35 The reunion of the pretzel battery also invigorated him; Cincinnati had purchased Breitenstein from St. Louis. The Browns’ Murphy told the Globe-Democrat, “‘Breit’ and Peitz are almost inseparable companions, and wherever you see one you invariably see the other.”39 Breitenstein described how he and Peitz initiated mock arguments during difficult situations. Then, while hitters were distracted by Peitz’s complaints about his batterymate, Breitenstein would quick pitch and surprise the opponent. “We have pulled out of many a tight hole with that trick,” Breitenstein said.47 In 1901, rookie Bill Bergen supplanted him as the primary catcher, and 21 of Peitz’s 82 appearances came at second base. While Breitenstein and Hawley completed their careers with other teams, Cincinnati finished last under another new manager, Bid McPhee Peitz reclaimed the catcher’s job from the light-hitting Bergen in 1903 Cincinnati had a winning season but was never within 10 games of first place after May 30 led the NL with five ejections: four for bench jockeying During Pirates training camp in Hot Springs, one Pittsburgh newspaper reported, “[Peitz] is already one of the most popular men on the team…. The Cincinnati German is the speediest man by far on the team at repartee.”66 On March 5, 1906, the Pittsburgh Press erroneously claimed that Peitz had been stabbed by a jealous woman and sustained a near fatal wound near his heart.69 After Peitz, slightly weakened by pleurisy, arrived at Hot Springs 15 days later, he said, “The story caused me trouble without end and I received scores of inquiries concerning the affair from newspapers and from personal friends.”70 Cubs manager/first baseman Frank Chance used a different tactic to silence Peitz. After ignoring attempts to get under his skin, Chance looked over and said, “Why hello, Heine. Are you still with the Pittsburgh team? Dreyfuss was asking waivers on you a few days ago.”80 Peitz did finish the season with Pittsburgh Peitz returned to Louisville in 1908. In 1909, he served as player-manager of the Colonels, earning a 93–75 record and Louisville’s first pennant in 19 years. On the season’s final day, he was presented with a three-carat diamond ring in appreciation.84 In June 1910, Peitz resigned from the Colonels, explaining that he intended to farm the 25 acres of land he had purchased in Florence, Kentucky, in eastern Boone County, 10 miles southwest of Cincinnati.85 However, in July, he agreed to manage the Lancaster Links.86 Peitz quit that Class D Ohio State League club in September.87 Peitz, 42, appeared in three games for St. Louis in 1913. With the catching corps banged up, he started what proved to be his final major-league appearance on June 1. The Cardinals lost to the Cubs, 4–2, but Peitz tripled and scored against Chicago’s Larry Cheney In September, Peitz was released to another George Tebeau-owned club, the Kansas City Blues of the American Association.94 Peitz’s job was to work with the club’s young pitchers, a role he retained through 1914.95 In 1915, the Class B Central League hired Peitz as an umpire, a career in which he had expressed interest before. (He had previously officiated at least three NL games, including one behind the plate in 1906.) However, an illness forced Peitz to give up the job in late May.96 a painter for the American Laundry Machine Company according to censuses and Cincinnati directories he and his wife lived in the Norwood suburb with their daughter Viola He was buried in an unmarked grave in that city’s Saint Mary Cemetery The biography was reviewed by Rory Costello and Abigail Miskowiec and fact-checked by members of the SABR Bio-Project factchecking team In addition to sources cited in the Notes, the author consulted https://www.ancestry.com/, https://www.baseball-reference.com/, https://www.retrosheet.org/, and https://sabr.org/bioproject 2 Peitz’s .703 OPS trailed only Clements (.769) The backstops that compiled more WAR than Peitz’s 19.6 were Farrell (31.1) Robinson was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame as a manager in 1945 3 One version of the 1880 census—stamped “first enumeration rejected”—recorded Peitz’s age as eleven 4 “Captured Young Clarkson,” St 5 “Veteran Heine Pietz Talks on Baseball,” Daily Record (Long Branch 6 “The Little Diamond,” St 7 Henry Peitz 8 Newspapers sometimes referred to the team as the “Jacksonville Reds.” “Clinton 9 “Base-Ball at Jacksonville,” Inter Ocean 10 Although the Buffalo Times article said a Tallahassee Florida-based team offered Peitz a contract to return in 1892 based on his strong play the previous year other sources confirm that he spent the 1891 campaign with a club in Jacksonville Florida-based team in the 1892 Florida State League—that version of the circuit’s lone year of existence—which may have caused the confusion.) “Signed Wrapping Paper Contract,” Buffalo (New York) Times 11 Peitz 12 “Base Ball Notes,” Chattanooga (Tennessee) Daily Times 13 Peitz 14 Peitz 15 “Base Ball,” St 16 “Veteran Heine Pietz Talks on Baseball.” 17 “At Kansas City,” Nebraska State Journal 18 Peitz 19 Peitz 20 “The St “General Ball News,” Wheeling (West Virginia) Daily Intelligencer 22Joe Peitz batted .423 (11-for-26) in seven games leading to the following report: “Peitz’ friends are incensed at the treatment he is receiving from the St “Heine Peitz had a brother who I thought would make a great player but he gave it up.” “Gossip of the Game,” St he became a street inspector before he succumbed to tuberculosis in 1919 23 “Base Ball Notes,” Butte (Montana) Miner 24 Peitz 25 The 1900 U.S 26 “Peitz Will Join the Team,” St 27 “Peitz’ Promotion,” St 28 “The Colonels Won One Game,” St 29 “Catcher Peitz’s Record,” Buffalo Enquirer 30 “’Twas ‘Muck’s’ Fault,” Western Newspaper Union (from Cincinnati Times-Star) 31 “St 32 “Threw a Bat,” Buffalo Enquirer 33 “The Anger of Anson,” Logansport (Indiana) Pharos-Journal July 4 34 “Kennedy Pitched Great Ball,” Philadelphia Times 35 “Live Sporting Notes,” Harrisburg (Pennsylvania) Daily Independent 36 “Baseball Gossip,” Kansas City Journal 37 “Our Own Heine Peitz,” St 38 “Heinie Peitz in Condition,” Pittsburgh Press 39 “Series of Three Games,” St 40 “Heine Peitz as a Pitcher” St 41 “Baseball Brevities,” Pittsburgh Press 42 “Sporting Notes,” Herald and Review (Decatur 43 “Good Catchers,” Buffalo Enquirer 44 “Our Own Heine Peitz.” 45 “On the National Game,” Saint Paul (Minnesota) Globe 46 “Chicago’s Pitching Staff,” St 47 “Tricks Known to the Game,” Times Leader (Wilkes Barre 48 “Peitz Says Hawley Was a Great Pitcher,” Tribune (Scranton 49 “Heavy Baseball Bats,” Little Falls (Minnesota) Weekly Transcript 50 “Baltimore 51 “Some Base Ball Talk,” Austin (Texas) American-Statesman 52 “Baseball Chatter,” Pittsburgh Post 53 “Baseball Notes,” Topeka (Kansas) State Journal 54 “Sporting Items,” West Bend (Wisconsin) Pilot 55 “Not Playing the Game,” St 56 “With the Ball Players,” Topeka State Journal 57 The 1900 census enumerated when their infant son was still alive reported the Peitz family had seven children The 1910 census said one of their nine children remained alive Their daughter Viola (b.1898) lived to adulthood “Catcher Henry Peitz is Not a Papa at All,” Pittsburgh Press 58 “Believed Him to be His Son,” Joplin (Missouri) Globe 59 “Baseball Gossip,” Pittsburgh Press 60 “National League Notes,” Spokesman-Review (Spokane 61 “Fred Clarke Willing to Sign Heinie Peitz,” Pittsburgh Press 62 “Sport Gossip,” Butte (Montana) Daily Post 63 “Baseball Glints,” Pittsburgh Press 64 “Heinie Peitz in Condition,” Pittsburgh Press 65 “Jack O’Connor is as Nervy as Ever,” Pittsburgh Press 66 “Heinie Peitz is a Favorite,” Pittsburgh Press 67 “Harry Smith is Improving,” Pittsburgh Post 68 “Peitz More Valuable to Pirates Than Phelps,” Pittsburgh Press 69 “Peitz Was Stabbed by Jealous Woman,” Pittsburgh Press 70 “Heinie Peitz Arrives Weak but Enthusiastic,” Pittsburgh Post 71 “Heine Peitz is a Great Coacher,” Wilkes-Barre Leader 72 “Heinie Peitz and His Friends in Red Hose,” Pittsburgh Press 73 Ralph S “Fair Play is the Basis of Successful Umpires,” Pittsburgh Press 74 “Chat of the Diamond,” St 75 “Cheerful Chats,” Pittsburgh Press “War to the Death,” Evening Star (Washington 76 “Affidavits for Pulliam,” Pittsburgh Press 77 “Baseball Reviewed,” Pittsburgh Post 78 “Fist Fight Was Costly,” Pittsburgh Press 79 “Heine Peitz is a Champion Kidder,” Times-Tribune (Scranton 80 “Heine Peitz is a Champion Kidder.” 81 “Louisville Colonels are Looking for Peitz,” Pittsburgh Post 82 “‘Heine’ Peitz,” Pittsburgh Press 83 “The National Game,” Chronicle (Wilkesboro 84 “Game at Louisville Delayed to Present Ring to Peitz,” Owensboro (Kentucky) Messenger 85 “Back to Farm,” Owensboro Messenger 86 “Assorted Baseball Brevities from Abe’s Diary,” San Francisco Bulletin 87 “Manager Heine Peitz Quits Lancaster Club,” Pittsburgh Press 88 “Ball Player’s Home Burned,” Cairo (Illinois) Bulletin 89 “Will Coach the Red Pitchers the Coming Year,” Lima (Ohio) News 90 Tom Swope “Scouting is the Loneliest Job in Baseball Says Heinie Peitz 91 “Heine Peitz with Cardinals,” Savonburg (Kansas) Record 92 “Heine Peitz Fined $50 for Baiting ‘Ump.’ Here,” St 93 “Game Has Not Grown Faster in Recent Years Declares Heine Peitz” Missoula (Montana) Sentinel 94 “Heine Peitz to Coach Kansas City’s Pitchers,” St 95 “Heine Peitz Coach Only,” Chattanooga Daily Times 96 “Umpire Heinie Peitz Ill,” Evening Star (Washington 97 “Reds Release Heine Peitz,” Pittsburgh Press 98 “Will Retain Henie Peitz,” Portsmouth (Ohio) Daily Times 99 Future Hall of Famers Honus Wagner, Tris Speaker, Charles Bender, Edd Roush, and Dave Bancroft were all on hand “Old Time Heros of Baseball Play Burlesque Game,” St 100 No other catchers were inducted until 1945 when the Old Timers Committee voted in Roger Bresnahan If you can help us improve this player’s biography, contact us Siblings · Meet the Staff Board of Directors Annual Reports Inclusivity Statement Contact SABR Rain: 7am to 7am: .00  Month: 1.51 Year: 25.00 Recorded temps:  High: 68 Low: 46 Peter Peitz of Cotter is being remembered as a man who went through the experience of wartime in Germany as a child and later became an accomplished businessman and philanthropist in the Twin Lakes Area Peitz died Tuesday at Sycamore Springs Senior Living at the age of 87 Peitz was born in Germany in 1937, nearly two years before the start of World War II. According to cotterbridge.org his impact on Cotter began in 1970 after gaining education and expertise in Germany He discovered a love for the Twin Lakes Area through an opportunity suggested by former Arkansas Governor Winthrop Rockefeller Peitz later created White River Industries and worked to revitalize Cotter by transforming deserted buildings into manufacturing locations he and others in the community teamed up with Baxter Health to build a cancer treatment center on the hospital campus when he realized several of his employees were struggling as caregivers for parents and other family members diagnosed with cancer the closest treatment facility was in Little Rock were dating when she oversaw the building of a cancer support center in 1999 Jan Peitz was Baxter Health’s director of the surgery suites and she envisioned a safe place for newly-diagnosed patients to find resources and answers and support for those undergoing treatment Peter Peitz quietly became the major donor Jan Peitz would become the first coordinator of the Peitz Cancer Support House Peter and Jan Peitz would make another major contribution to the city of Cotter with the relighting of the R.M They joined with other community members to make an investment in the bridge’s Peitz River Lights Funeral arrangements for Peter Peitz are pending at Kirby and Family Funeral and Cremation Services A Papillion La Vista teacher and South Dakota State University School of Performing Arts graduate has received the Omaha Manilow Music Project Teacher Award Peitz graduated from SDSU in 2014 with a bachelor’s degree in music education She is the band director at Liberty Middle School in Papillion where she teaches seventh and eighth grade band along with music enrichment classes.  a representative from the Barry Manilow Charitable Foundation reached out to the Papillion La Vista School District to ask for nominations for a music teacher in the area to receive the Omaha Manilow Music Project Teacher Award.  In each city of singer and songwriter Manilow’s concert tour one winner is selected as the recipient of a $10,000 grant from the Manilow Music Project The Manilow Music Project was formed in response to a friend in need of a saxophone for his daughter which highlighted the nationwide suffering of music programs due to budget cuts.  “The Manilow Music Project supports music education in a variety of ways having donated thousands of instruments including hundreds of brand-new Yamaha pianos to hundreds of schools nationwide the Manilow Music Project also supports young musicians by offering merit- and need-based scholarships to universities all over the U.S.”  so Liberty Middle School Principal Troy Juracek submitted Peitz immediately for recognition.  the nominees were voted in a contest to see who would receive the award.  “We told our students about (the voting contest) and they hung up campaign posters around the school with QR codes to the voting link,” Peitz said I probably had hundreds of votes each day just from students.”  “As I’ve been walking around after all of this lots of families have also come up to me saying ‘Our whole family voted for you every day.’”  Peitz received an email from the organization notifying her that she had won.  Peitz received a private meet-and-greet with Manilow and was recognized on stage at his show at the CHI Health Center on July 30.  Papillion was well-represented at the concert with Peitz’s award and with a combination choir that performed with Manilow that evening an opportunity that came about due to a scheduling conflict.  “The choir they had lined up backed out last minute and because they were already talking to me and to our district they contacted the high school band director at Papillion-La Vista South to see if they could combine a choir,” Peitz explained.  Students from Papillion La Vista South and La Vista High School and from Bishop Heelan in Sioux City were selected to perform with Manilow.  the $10,000 prize was split between Peitz and the school district The school district used the $5,000 to purchase new “I ended up getting a lot of really great things for our school out of it Peitz was heavily involved in the School of Performing Arts She was a drum major for The Pride of the Dakotas SDSU’s nationally recognized marching band.  wind ensemble and the saxophone quartet.  who was a long snapper for the SDSU football team “We walked around each other for four years “We eventually met our last semester before student teaching.”  The Peitz family has a history of Jackrabbits and three of her husband’s brothers also attended SDSU two of them being on the Jackrabbits football team.  Being part of The Pride was one of Peitz’s most memorable experiences.  “They really just put on a party,” she said especially my last year as I got to lead The Pride being a drum major.”  “Directing the national anthem with The Pride helped me direct so many more things around here now and that helped me prepare my students for the national anthem at Veterans Day In her time at Mickelson Middle School in Brookings Peitz had two teachers who left a positive impact.  helped Peitz decide she wanted to pursue middle school education “She helped me fall in love with the goofy middle schoolers that I get to teach every day now and to help me be a better teacher for them and to be prepared to teach middle school.”  Another teacher also inspired how Peitz wants her own students to feel “I had the best middle school band teacher who was like a second mom to me,” Peitz explained She made everyone feel at home and like you were welcomed and part of a group.”  and I want to make music with students and make them feel like they have a home away from home and a safe place in the music room.’”  Peitz also experienced strong support from the faculty in the School of Performing Arts.  knew my strengths and my weaknesses,” Peitz said and they helped us prepare for anything that we’re out here doing now.”  While some of the professors have moved on since Peitz was a student she still feels like part of the School of Performing Arts family.  “Even the new (professors),who have been there since I left are still so kind and supportive to me even though I didn’t have them as professors,” Peitz explained “They’re such kind and supportive professors even to the alumni that they didn’t specifically teach.”  There have been a lot of big moments around the school lately Peitz’s eighth grade band was selected to play for the Nebraska State Bandmasters Association the association of all band teachers in the state.  Peitz has also seen an increased enrollment in music something that was hard to imagine nine years ago and now we have 110 in eighth grade band,” Peitz said.  Peitz works hard to create a positive learning environment.  comfortable space where our students get to make music every day,” Peitz said “That’s really what we strive to do is create a positive musical experience … so hopefully when they leave my room that was a wonderful musical experience.’”  “Music is something that every student should be able to be a part of making music and enjoying music with kids every day,” Peitz concluded On 10 September 2024 the Draghi Report on European Competitiveness was finally unveiled highlighting Europe’s sluggish economic performance (Draghi 2024a The report correctly identifies major obstacles such as underinvestment in innovative activities but also in physical infrastructure such as the energy grid Draghi offers radical proposals to reverse Europe’s competitive decline compared to China and the US but those on telecoms are misguided and dangerous The report’s main recommendation for telecoms markets is to relax merger control and encourage consolidation within the sector claiming that larger companies could boost investment in network infrastructure telecoms markets should be defined at the EU level – as opposed to the member state level innovation and investment commitments should be given greater weight in EU merger clearance rules remedies should be focused “on commitments to invest according to detailed time schedules launch of services or access to data or platforms rather than partial de-consolidations or the transfer of physical assets” (Draghi 2024b: 75) We challenge the notion that telecoms consolidation will address the diagnosed investment shortfall and improve European competitiveness We question the premise that this can be achieved by simply “choosing” a broader market definition while the reality remains that telecom markets across Europe are still predominantly national in scope We warn against remedies consisting in merging parties’ promises of higher investments and the allocation of scarce spectrum without safeguards against monopolisation Retail markets remain largely national: consumers cannot freely choose telecom contracts from across the EU but are restricted to offers from their country of residence While the EU’s roaming regulation – despite initial strong opposition from telecoms incumbents – has been a key step towards integration it has not fully succeeded in achieving this Strengthening roaming regulations could help further integrate the market the proposal to harmonise spectrum auctions across member states is a positive move yet it is unlikely to be sufficient on its own to create a fully integrated EU-wide telecoms market while it is true that some large telecoms companies have expanded and become key players in other member states entry into each other’s market is still limited and tightly regulated at the national level Consolidation through cross-border mergers could bring benefits to European businesses and consumers this does not require an overhaul of merger control Existing merger rules do not hinder cross-border mergers; both national competition authorities and the European Commission are unlikely to oppose mergers that do not significantly increase concentration within national markets The proposals of the Draghi report – similarly to those from the Letta report (Letta 2024) and together with voices from large telecoms companies – argue instead de facto for consolidations through intra-national mergers which would artificially de-concentrate the relevant market thereby making intra-national mergers appear no longer problematic on paper pretending they are would allow for mergers that would be detrimental to European businesses and consumers and ultimately weakening Europe's competitive position in the long term While mergers in mobile telecoms can harm consumers competition authorities can mitigate this by imposing commitments that address their potential anti-competitive effects the Draghi report foresees the problem that telecoms firms may not invest as much as socially desired after merging and proposes investment commitments as a condition for merger approval This is a classic example of a behavioural remedy making previously agreed-upon investment levels either too large or too low Such remedies fail to restore competition permanently if the merged entity openly failed to meet its investment commitments the competition authority might resort to penalties but it is unlikely that it could order a de-merger which would entail economic and social costs the expectation that such behavioural remedies will achieve the desired outcomes seems overly optimistic in light of the evidence from these markets to date The Draghi report points out that Europe would greatly benefit from the creation of a truly European-wide telecoms market reducing barriers to competition in the internal market is key to deliver better outcomes for consumers and to strengthen Europe’s innovativeness and competitiveness Facilitating entry of telcos into other national markets is helpful in this respect when it comes to offers that rely on own infrastructure markets are likely to remain national or even regional in most places the European Commission can take or promote several initiatives in the direction of a more integrated market Streamlined access regulation to a few bottlenecks could help entry in cross-national markets spectrum licenses are awarded at a national level without much harmonisation We agree with the proposal in the Draghi report “to harmonise EU-wide spectrum licensing rules and processes and to orchestrate EU-wide auction design features to help create scale” (Draghi 2024a: 31) although it may not be likely that the EU member states agree to such a harmonisation This makes it clear that it is the national governments that have to get their act together for telecoms companies to benefit from cross-country efficiencies Industrial policy to boost investment in certain technologies and regions as they bring great externalities to Europe as a whole is also needed But the way to achieve that is not via the wrong type of consolidation Tomaso Duso is member of the German Monopolies Commission and he worked on topics related to telecommunication regulation He also worked on several projects consulting the European Commission on competition policy in telecommunication markets The views expressed in this article are those of the author and may not in any circumstances be regarded as stating an official position of the German Monopolies Commission Massimo Motta was was chief competition economist of the European Commission (2013-2016) and in that capacity he worked on some telecom mergers Martin Peitz has worked on various projects which received funding from CERRE they have been unrelated to the issues addressed in this article Tommaso Valletti was chief competition economist of the European Commission (2016-2019) and in that capacity he worked on some telecom mergers In 2015 he co-wrote a report on mobile consolidation which received funding from CERRE “The Skill Complementarity of Broadband Internet” Quarterly Journal of Economics 130(4): 1781–1824 The Austrian Market for Mobile Telecommunication Services to Private Customers: An Ex-post Evaluation of the Mergers H3G/Orange and TA/Yesss “Ultra-fast Broadband Access and Productivity: Evidence from Italian Firms” International Journal of Industrial Organization 86: 102901 “Does Broadband Internet Reduce the Unemployment Rate Information Economics and Policy 29: 32–45 “Broadband Infrastructure and Economic Growth” Draghi, M (2024a), The Future of European Competitiveness – Part A Draghi, M (2024b), The Future of European Competitiveness – Part B and Technical Efficiencies in Mobile Telecommunications” “Evaluating Market Consolidation in Mobile Communications” Lear, E.CA Economics, Fideres, Prometeia, the University of East Anglia and Verian (2024), Exploring aspects of the state of competition in the EU: Final report, June Letta, E (2024), Much more than a market, April The great reversal: How America gave up on free markets “Telecommunications Infrastructure and Economic Development: A Simultaneous Approach” These have been sitting in my 'to-post' pile too long now as the clocks start falling back for winter first with a review of Gunter 'Baby' Sommer's contribution to the "Free Jazz Big Band" niche and a photo exhibit from the Jazzwerksatt Peitz Festival Günter 'Baby' Sommer’s big-band project brings together a stellar ensemble in what can only be described as a who's who of the Berlin music scene paying tribute to Chris McGregor’s legendary 'Brotherhood of Breath.' With unfettered joy the ensemble captures the spirit of the beloved musician through Sommer’s compositions The musical arrangements are centered around Sommer’s multi-directional rhythms the 80-year-young percussionist anchors the group with his dynamic drumming while Scottish saxophonist Raymond MacDonald not only plays but occasionally takes on the role of conductor and arranger.Standout solos by woodwind player Gebhard Ullman and saxophonist Anna Kaluza captured the audience but in a crowd of seasoned musicians like Frank Gratkowski alongside trumpeters Nikolaus Neuser and Martin Klingeberg featuring bassist Antonio Borghini and Sommer’s long-time collaborator from the classic GDR (East German) Free Jazz band Synopisis (later Zentrallquartett) and a bit of history to the ensemble.The setting was equally captivating Nestled in a small green pocket along the Spree river in the heart of a former industrial area - once one of Europe’s largest - Jazzkeller69's 'Jazz at the Kaisersteg' offers a powerful connection between the audience and the music bringing jazz from the clubs into the open park Experiencing Sommer’s Free Jazz Big Band is like taking a bite-size crash course in Free Jazz history while enjoying a showcase of some of the city's best established and emerging musicians I wrote the snippet below about the Jazzwerkstatt Peitz Festival on the occasion of its 50th anniversary in 2023: Bilingualism is associated with higher gray matter volume (GMV) as a form of brain reserve in brain regions such as the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the inferior parietal lobule (IPL). A recent cross-sectional study reported the age-related GMV decline in the left IFG and IPL to be steeper for bilinguals than for monolinguals. The present study aimed at supporting this finding for the first time with longitudinal data. There was higher GMV in bilinguals compared to monolinguals in the IPL, but not IFG. While the left and right IFG and the right IPL displayed a similar GMV change in mono- and bilinguals, GMV decline within the left IPL was significantly steeper in bilinguals. There was greater SA in bilinguals in the bilateral IPL and a steeper CT decline in bilinguals within in the left IPL. Volume 15 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1193283 This article is part of the Research TopicInsights in Neurocognitive Aging and Behavior: 2022View all 33 articles Background: Bilingualism is associated with higher gray matter volume (GMV) as a form of brain reserve in brain regions such as the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) A recent cross-sectional study reported the age-related GMV decline in the left IFG and IPL to be steeper for bilinguals than for monolinguals The present study aimed at supporting this finding for the first time with longitudinal data 200 participants aged 19 to 79 years (87 monolinguals mostly native German speakers with variable second language background) were included Trajectories of GMV decline in the bilateral IFG and IPL were analyzed in mono- and bilinguals over two time points (mean time interval: 3.6 years) For four regions of interest (left/right IFG and left/right IPL) mixed Analyses of Covariance were conducted to assess (i) GMV changes over time (ii) GMV differences for language groups (monolinguals/bilinguals) and (iii) the interaction between time point and language group Corresponding analyses were conducted for the two factors of GMV surface area (SA) and cortical thickness (CT) Results: There was higher GMV in bilinguals compared to monolinguals in the IPL While the left and right IFG and the right IPL displayed a similar GMV change in mono- and bilinguals GMV decline within the left IPL was significantly steeper in bilinguals There was greater SA in bilinguals in the bilateral IPL and a steeper CT decline in bilinguals within in the left IPL Conclusion: The cross-sectional observations of a steeper GMV decline in bilinguals could be confirmed for the left IPL the higher GMV in bilinguals in the bilateral IPL may indicate that bilingualism contributes to brain reserve especially in posterior brain regions SA appeared to contribute to bilinguals’ higher GMV in the bilateral IPL while CT seemed to account for the steeper structural decline in bilinguals in the left IPL The present findings demonstrate the importance of time as an additional factor when assessing the neuroprotective effects of bilingualism on structural features of the human brain possibly reflecting another aspect of cognitive reserve in bilinguals which could be interpreted as first evidence for brain maintenance in bilinguals additional longitudinal studies investigating trajectories of structural change in the older bilingual brain are needed to further investigate the relationship between brain maintenance and bilingualism the differential GMV trajectories in monolinguals and bilinguals predicted by cross-sectional studies remain to be confirmed in longitudinal analyses but not necessarily in the right hemisphere and intracranial volume (ICV) were included as covariates (3) To set a focus on the investigation of the older adult population basic as well as refined analyses were conducted using a subsample comprising only participants ≥ 55 years old regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the influence of experience-based factors such as AoA Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects prior to participation in 1000BRAINS The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki All methods were approved by the local Ethics Committee of the University of Essen Languages spoken among bilinguals included in the present study 20.4% reported a very good and 46.0% a good level of proficiency for speaking reading and/or writing in their second language while 26.5% reported an adequate and 7.1% a low level of proficiency as maximum Second languages were rated according to self-reported proficiency in the respective language The mean age of acquisition of the second language that was associated with the highest proficiency was 13.2 years (± 7.2 years) Magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired at two time points (t1 and t2, mean time interval ± SD: 3.6 ± 0.8 years) on a 3T Siemens Tim-TRIO MR scanner (Erlangen, Germany). 3D high-resolution T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient-echo (MPRAGE) scans were obtained for each participant as part of the whole imaging protocol (for further details, see Caspers et al., 2014) at each time point using a 32-channel head coil (176 slices voxel resolution = 1 × 1 × 1 mm3) GMV as well as CT and SA were extracted from the longitudinally processed data Figure 1. The inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) in the left (A) and right (B) hemisphere based on the cytoarchitectonic probabilistic Jülich-Brain atlas (Amunts et al., 2020) providing a first step to disentangling the picture of age-related structural change in the bilingual brain Statistical analysis of the extracted values was performed with the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 27.0.02 time point (t1/t2) was included as within-subject factor while time interval between the two measurements was treated as covariate of no interest The resulting 2 × 2 × 2 ANCOVA allowed the assessment of (i) GMV changes over time between t1 and t2 (ii) differences in GMV for language groups and age groups To assess putative interhemispheric differences regarding GMV trajectories over time in bilinguals compared to monolinguals in the IFG and IPL hemisphere (left/right) was included in an additional ANCOVA model as within-subject factor This resulted in a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 ANCOVA with time interval as covariate All analyses were additionally performed for CT and SA Following the mere replication of the cross-sectional study (Heim et al., 2019) in a design over two time points, the ANCOVA models were refined in a next step. To control for the effects of potential confounds on GMV, age, sex, education (as assessed with the International Standard Classification of Education; UNESCO Institute for Statistics [UIS], 2012) and intracranial volume (ICV) were included into the basic ANCOVA model as covariates of no interest Due to the inclusion of age as a covariate age group was excluded as between-subject factor resulting in a 2 × 2 ANCOVA with GMV values from both time points as dependent variables hemisphere was added to the model as within-subject factor Analogous analyses were performed for CT and SA One may discuss whether ICV can be seen as a meaningful covariate for CT and SA analyses (for an investigation of the relationship between ICV and GMV, CT, and SA, see Im et al., 2008) additional CT and SA analyses only including age and time interval as covariates were conducted corresponding GMV analyses were performed as well To evaluate the influence of experience-based factors such as AoA and number of actively spoken languages on GMV in the bilateral IFG and IPL in bilinguals monolinguals were excluded from the models three separate analyses were performed with (1) GMV at t1 and (3) GMV differences between t1 and t2 as dependent variable and number of actively spoken languages) and nuisance variables (age ICV) were treated as predictors in all models For the analyses of GMV differences between t1 and t2 time interval was added as additional nuisance variable Corresponding analyses were performed for CT and SA additional analyses not including ICV as a nuisance variable were conducted as well basic and refined ANCOVAs as well as regression analyses were performed corresponding to GMV analyses of the total sample The only difference was the exclusion of age group as between-subject factor in the basic ANCOVA model since only older adults were investigated here The same analyses were conducted for CT and SA In the next section, results for basic and refined ANCOVA models (the latter including ICV as a covariate) are presented (see also Tables 3–8). Results for refined models excluding ICV as a covariate show a similar pattern to analyses including ICV and are reported in Supplementary Tables 3–5 Results for basic mixed ANCOVA models for values of GMV and SA from two time points for 200 participants Results for refined mixed ANCOVA models for values of GMV and SA from two time points for the subsample of 154 participants Results for mixed ANCOVA models including hemisphere as within-subject factor for values of GMV there was significantly higher GMV in bilinguals compared to monolinguals in the IPL [left: F(1,195) = 9.966 but not in the IFG [left: F(1,195) = 0.007 younger adults displayed significantly higher GMV than older ones [IFG left: F(1,195) = 13.696 p < 0.001; IFG right: F (1,195) = 7.815 The GMV change over time in the participants of the present study is depicted in Figure 2 for the analyzed regions. Regarding the interaction between language group and time point, GMV decline within the left IPL was significantly steeper in bilinguals when compared to monolinguals [F(1,195) = 4.211, p = 0.042] (Figure 3) for the left and right IFG and the right IPL bilinguals and monolinguals displayed a similar GMV change over time [IFG left: F(1,195) = 0.001 GMV change over time separately for each participant of the present study for the left (A) and right IFG (B) as well as for the left (C) and right IPL (D) The gray underlay indicates participants ≥ 55 years at time point t1 GMV change over time in mono- and bilinguals in the left IPL mean GMV and standard error of the mean are depicted for t1 and t2 as well as ΔV the mean absolute GMV difference between t1 and t2 The GMV decline over time is significantly steeper in bilinguals When including age, sex, education, and ICV as covariates, results for the bilateral IFG and the right IPL (see Table 4) corresponded to the ones emerging from the basic ANCOVA model no significant GMV difference between mono- and bilinguals could be found in these analyses [F(1,195) = 2.376 bilinguals still displayed a tendency for a steeper GMV decline within the left IPL when compared to monolinguals [F(1,195) = 3.475 Including hemisphere in the refined ANCOVA model yielded similar GMV values for the two hemispheres for both, the IPL and the IFG. Corresponding to basic ANCOVA analyses, no significant interaction effect for time point × language group × hemisphere was found, neither for the IPL, nor the IFG (see Table 7) Assessing participants ≥ 55 years only, we revealed similar results as obtained from the total sample for the bilateral IFG as well as the right IPL (see Tables 5, 6) a higher GMV in bilinguals compared to monolinguals within the subsample was found for the basic ANCOVA model [F(1,195) = 8.703 which remained a tendency when including age there was no steeper GMV decline in bilinguals within the subsample for the basic [F(1,195) = 2.287 p = 0.133] nor the refined ANCOVA models [F(1,195) = 2.875 When including hemisphere as within-subject factor, results from both basic and refined ANCOVA model corresponded to the respective analyses of the total sample (see Table 8). For an overview of mean values and standard deviations for GMV at t1 and absolute GMV differences between t1 and t2 for the subsample, see Supplementary Tables 8, 9 For CT, similar values were found for mono- and bilinguals in all of the analyses (see Tables 3–6) there was a significantly steeper CT decline in the left IPL in bilinguals compared to monolinguals [total sample: basic ANCOVA model: F(1,195) = 6.653 p = 0.011; refined ANCOVA model: F(1,195) = 4.700 this steeper CT decline in bilinguals in the left IPL was only present on a trend level in the basic ANCOVA [F(1,195) = 3.244 but significant for the refined ANCOVA [F(1,195) = 4.118 in the refined total sample analyses including hemisphere as within-subject factor a significant interaction effect between hemisphere and time point emerged for CT in the IPL [F(1,195) = 4.136 while the mean CT decline between t1 and t2 was steeper in bilinguals compared to monolinguals within the left IPL (monolinguals: −0.010 mm it was similar for the two language groups within the right IPL (monolinguals: −0.027 mm; bilinguals: −0.028 mm) this interaction effect for CT in the left vs right IPL was not significant in the basic ANCOVA models assessing the total sample [F(1,195) = 2.502 nor in the subsample analyses [basic model: F(1,151) = 2.210 p = 0.139; refined model: IPL: F(1,147) = 2.374 For regression analyses, similar results were revealed for analyses including and excluding ICV as predictor. In the following, results for analyses including ICV are reported (see also Supplementary Tables 10–21), while analyses excluding ICV are presented in Supplementary Tables 22–33 When investigating the influence of AoA, LoP, and number of actively spoken languages on GMV in the bilateral IFG and IPL in bilinguals of the total sample, no significant effect of these predictors emerged for GMV at t1, nor t2, nor for GMV difference for any of the four ROIs (see Supplementary Tables 10, 11). The same results were found for bilinguals of the older subsample (see Supplementary Tables 16, 17) later AoA was associated with higher SA at both time points in bilinguals of the total sample (for t1 only showing a tendency toward significance: unstandardized coefficient B = 3.118; standard error = 1.597; p = 0.054; t2: unstandardized coefficient B = 3.654; standard error = 1.607; p = 0.025) as well as in bilinguals of the older subsample (t1: unstandardized coefficient B = 4.152; standard error = 1.897; p = 0.032; t2: unstandardized coefficient B = 4.905; standard error = 1.861; p = 0.011) later AoA predicted less SA decline between t1 and t2 within the left IFG (bilinguals of the total sample: unstandardized coefficient B = 0.221; standard error = 0.105; p = 0.037; bilinguals of the subsample: unstandardized coefficient B = 0.277; standard error = 0.118; p = 0.022) For SA at t1 and t2 and SA differences in the right IFG as well as in the bilateral IPL, no effect of AoA, LoP and number of actively spoken languages was revealed, neither in bilinguals of the total sample (see Supplementary Tables 14, 15), nor of the subsample (see Supplementary Tables 20, 21) The present large-scale population-based study over two time points provides novel insights into the effects of long-term bilingualism on cortical brain structure. Five major results emerged: (1) For basic analyses of the total sample, there was a steeper GMV decline over time in bilinguals as compared to monolinguals in the left IPL, confirming the earlier cross-sectional observations (Heim et al., 2019) for the first time over two time points this effect showed only a tendency toward significance when including age and analyses of the older subsample yielded no significantly differing decline in mono- vs indicating that bilingualism might contribute to brain reserve especially in posterior brain regions For refined analyses as well as subsample analyses this effect was more stable for the right IPL (3) With a steeper GMV decline in bilinguals as found in basic total sample analyses GMV differences between monolinguals and bilinguals appear to diminish over time in the left IPL monolinguals and bilinguals showed a similar GMV change with aging in the right IPL indicating that the bilingual brain reserve might be more persistent in the right IPL (4) Analyses of CT and SA as the two factors of GMV revealed that while SA appears to be the factor explaining the overall higher GMV in bilinguals in the bilateral IPL CT explains more of the age-related changes in GMV than SA there was also a steeper decline over time in bilinguals in the left IPL corresponding to GMV trajectories in basic analyses of the total sample the differing CT trajectories for mono- vs bilinguals within the left IPL were also stable for refined total sample analyses including age higher LoP was associated with less CT decline over time within bilinguals later AoA predicted higher SA in this brain region at both and was associated with less SA decline over time within bilinguals even though monolinguals and bilinguals had shown similar GMV and SA within the left IFG when compared directly bilingual experience-based factors such as AoA and LoP appear to modulate brain structure as well as trajectories of structural change over time within the left IFG that structural decline over time seems to be steeper in bilinguals in language-related areas while bilingual brain reserve in the non-linguistic domain appears to be more persistent is supported by the present data from two time points a steeper decline in bilinguals may be expected in both due to age-related compensation strategies such as increasing use of the right IPL with aging in bilinguals structural decline in the right IPL may be attenuated in bilinguals bilinguals showed a higher GMV in the bilateral IPL compared to monolinguals (with this effect being more stable for the right IPL in the refined total sample analysis) GMV may increase in bilinguals due to an additional activation of the right IPL for example in the context of aging-related compensation to the extent that monolinguals and bilinguals show a similar GMV decline over time in the right IPL This could explain why bilinguals do not show a steeper decline than monolinguals in the right IPL in contrast to GMV trajectories in the left IPL while higher GMV in the IPL in bilinguals has been interpreted as a form of brain reserve the above-described hypothesis might reflect a mechanism of brain maintenance in bilinguals possibly resulting in a reduced structural decline over time in bilinguals in the right IPL which may counteract age-related changes predicted by PASA (B) BAPSS may represent a form of cognitive reserve in bilinguals the interaction of BAPSS and HAROLD may lead to increasing use of the right IPL with aging in bilinguals possibly resulting in an attenuation of structural decline in bilinguals in the right IPL but CT might be the one mediating the effects of aging on GMV Altogether, a similar pattern emerges from cross-sectional and longitudinal observations when taking results for both, IFG and IPL, into account: Bilingualism appears to add brain reserve, expressed by higher GMV, especially to posterior brain regions (Heim et al., 2019). Additionally, there seems to be a steeper structural decline in bilinguals in the left, but not in the right hemisphere (Abutalebi et al., 2015; Heim et al., 2019) possibly reflecting a reduced structural decline in bilinguals in the right IPL could correspond to a form of brain maintenance in bilinguals further longitudinal studies are necessary to explore the impact of bilingualism on structural change in the human brain over time in greater detail the present results are based on structural MRI data from two time points only further studies encompassing more than two time points are necessary future longitudinal studies could take more than one parameter into account – for example analyses of GMV could be combined with analyses of functional and structural connectivity or with neurocognitive data – thus eventually providing an integrated view on longitudinal changes in the brains of long-term bilinguals across multiple modalities but further large-scale longitudinal studies are necessary to test whether the present finding of a putatively steeper structural decline in bilinguals in the left IPL is generalizable across varying language combinations the present study is the first to investigate age-related GMV changes in bilinguals as compared to monolinguals in a longitudinal approach within a large sample the cross-sectional observations of a steeper GMV decline over time in bilinguals when compared to monolinguals were confirmed over two time points for the left IPL as there was a higher GMV in bilinguals in the IPL our results indicate that bilingualism might contribute to brain reserve especially in posterior brain regions With the steeper GMV decline in bilinguals which appears to be mediated by CT rather than SA the volume differences between monolinguals and bilinguals might diminish over time in the left IPL there appears to be a higher persistence of brain reserve in bilinguals in the right IPL experience-based factors such as AoA and LoP appear to modulate brain structure as well as trajectories of structural change over time in bilinguals within the left IFG the importance of longitudinal studies when investigating the effects of bilingualism on structural features of the human brain becomes evident The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors upon request The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the local Ethics Committee of the University of Essen The participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version This project was partially funded by the 1000BRAINS-Study of the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine We thank the Heinz Nixdorf Foundation (Germany) for the generous support of the Heinz Nixdorf Study We thank the investigative group and the study staff of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study and 1000BRAINS This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No This research was supported by the Joint Lab “Supercomputing and Modeling for the Human Brain.” We also gratefully acknowledge the computing time granted through JARA-HPC on the supercomputer JURECA at Forschungszentrum Jülich The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1193283/full#supplementary-material Neuroimaging of language control in bilinguals: Neural adaptation and reserve CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar The neuroprotective effects of bilingualism upon the inferior parietal lobule: A structural neuroimaging study in aging Chinese bilinguals Bilingualism delays age at onset of dementia independent of education and immigration status Julich-brain: A 3D probabilistic atlas of the human brain’s cytoarchitecture Broca’s region revisited: Cytoarchitecture and intersubject variability doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19990920)412:2<319::AID-CNE10>3.0.CO;2-7 Does bilingualism protect against dementia The impact of bilingualism on executive functions and working memory in young adults Uncovering the mechanisms responsible for why language learning may promote healthy cognitive aging Does bilingualism influence cognitive aging The role of the left inferior parietal lobule in second language learning: An intensive language training fMRI study doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.10.003 Bartrés-Faz Structural and functional imaging correlates of cognitive and brain reserve hypotheses in healthy and pathological aging doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.08.031 “Metalinguistic dimensions of bilingual language proficiency,” in Language processing in bilingual children Bialystok (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) The bilingual adaptation: How minds accommodate experience PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Bilingualism: Pathway to cognitive reserve PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar and cognitive control: Evidence from the Simon task “On the neuroanatomy and functional role of the inferior parietal lobule and intraparietal sulcus,” in Neurobiology of language Co-activation of the L2 during L1 auditory processing: An ERP cross-modal priming study Hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults: The HAROLD model PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Carthery-Goulart Does language distance modulate the contribution of bilingualism to cognitive reserve in seniors The human inferior parietal lobule in stereotaxic space The human inferior parietal cortex: Cytoarchitectonic parcellation and interindividual variability Studying variability in human brain aging in a population-based German cohort-rationale and design of 1000BRAINS A cross-sectional and longitudinal study on the protective effect of bilingualism against dementia using brain atrophy and cognitive measures Delaying the onset of Alzheimer disease: Bilingualism as a form of cognitive reserve A meta-analysis of gray matter differences between bilinguals and monolinguals Redefining bilingualism as a spectrum of experiences that differentially affects brain structure and function Linguistic immersion and structural effects on the bilingual brain: A longitudinal study CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Understanding bilingual brain function and structure changes A unified bilingual experience trajectory model Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 55 High-resolution intersubject averaging and a coordinate system for the cortical surface doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)8:4<272::AID-HBM10>3.0.CO;2-4 The brain basis of language processing: From structure to function PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Add bilingualism to the mix: L2 proficiency modulates the effect of cognitive reserve proxies on executive performance in healthy aging [Brief Research Report] García-Pentón The neuroanatomy of bilingualism: How to turn a hazy view into the full picture Lifelong bilingualism maintains neural efficiency for cognitive control in aging PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Mental control of the bilingual lexico-semantic system CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Language control in bilinguals: The adaptive control hypothesis Structural correlates for lexical efficiency and number of languages in non-native speakers of English doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.02.019 Neural correlates of cognitive processing in monolinguals and bilinguals Does bilingualism contribute to cognitive reserve Consequences of multilingualism for neural architecture PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Insights into the ageing mind: A view from cognitive neuroscience Different roles of cytoarchitectonic BA 44 and BA 45 in phonological and semantic verbal fluency as revealed by dynamic causal modelling Bilingualism and “brain reserve”: A matter of age Brain size and cortical structure in the adult human brain Age of second language acquisition in multilinguals has an impact on gray matter volume in language-associated brain areas Age of language learning shapes brain structure: A cortical thickness study of bilingual and monolingual individuals Two languages in mind: Bilingualism as a tool to investigate language Anatomical traces of vocabulary acquisition in the adolescent brain How bilingualism protects the brain from aging: Insights from bimodal bilinguals Neuroplasticity as a function of second language learning: Anatomical changes in the human brain Lövdén Structural brain plasticity in adult learning and development PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar The Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q): Assessing language profiles in bilinguals and multilinguals Structural plasticity in the bilingual brain Nicolaisen-Sobesky A cross-cohort replicable and heritable latent dimension linking behaviour to multi-featured brain structure Functional specialization within the inferior parietal lobes across cognitive domains The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar There is no coherent evidence for a bilingual advantage in executive processing Distinct genetic influences on cortical surface area and cortical thickness Bilingualism for delaying the onset of Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis The impact of bilingualism on brain reserve and metabolic connectivity in Alzheimer’s dementia Understanding structural plasticity in the bilingual brain: The dynamic restructuring model CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Within-subject template estimation for unbiased longitudinal image analysis A noradrenergic theory of cognitive reserve: Implications for Alzheimer’s disease PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Assessment of clinically silent atherosclerotic disease and established and novel risk factors for predicting myocardial infarction and cardiac death in healthy middle-aged subjects: Rationale and design of the Heinz Nixdorf RECALL Study evaluation of coronary calcium and lifestyle doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.004 PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Whitepaper: Defining and investigating cognitive reserve Bilingualism and domain-general cognitive functions from a neural perspective: A systematic review The neuroanatomical consequences and pathological implications of bilingualism UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) (2012) International standard classification of education: ISCED 2011 CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Beyond Alzheimer’s disease: Can bilingualism be a more generalized protective factor in neurodegeneration doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107593 Expansion and renormalization of human brain structure during skill acquisition The importance of selecting the phenotype for imaging genetics studies Bilingualism and aging: A focused neuroscientific review CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Caspers S and Heim S (2023) The influence of bilingualism on gray matter volume in the course of aging: a longitudinal study Copyright © 2023 Peitz, Stumme, Jockwitz, Bittner, Caspers and Heim. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited in accordance with accepted academic practice distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms *Correspondence: Katharina Peitz, ay5wZWl0ekBmei1qdWVsaWNoLmRl, a2F0aGFyaW5hLnBlaXR6QGhodS5kZQ== Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page The 20th annual Bowling for Charity event hosted by Mountain Home Moose Lodge 1953 kicks off this Saturday at noon The games will be held at Driftwood Lanes and players can bowl three games for $25 Auction items will be available as well and participants who register will be entered into a drawing terrymoose9505@gmail.com or call the Moose Lodge at 870-491-5696 the iconic Cotter Bridge will be illuminated nightly from Dec the lights will display a unique color scheme corresponding to a story shared about Peitz’s life and contributions For those unable to visit Big Spring Park to view the lights in person a live stream will be available via the Cotter Bridge Live Webcam were instrumental in the installation of the Cotter Bridge lighting an effort that inspired additional donations and created a lasting legacy for the community are a testament to their dedication to Cotter’s spirit and vibrancy “I did chemical biology research building RNA-based tools starting the second semester of my freshman year until the middle of my junior year but I realized that I didn’t want to go into that field and I don’t want to get a medical degree I don’t really want to work as a chemistry lab tech beyond my undergrad though I really enjoyed it for the time I did it While I really enjoyed the analytical and applicative components of STEM research I realized that I enjoyed the interpersonal interactions I got to have within my research position most I definitely wouldn’t have learned what I really wanted to do if I had not been able to do that research I always recommend people do research because you won’t know about the application of what you are learning unless you’re able to use those skills while you’re in your undergrad I did two and a half years of a biochem degree at the U while also double majoring in psychology Now I have pivoted towards that psychology side and I’m also completing a degree in political science I am planning to graduate this upcoming spring I wanted to set myself up for success in a different field I’m conducting research in a different lab now doing work in social and health psychology I will always have the practical skills I learned through my chemical biology lab and that experience was immeasurably valuable even as the subject matter I’ve been able to research has flexed and changed I’ve conducted research on campus for seven out of my nine semesters at the U and it has been instrumental to my academic growth because research allows me to connect in a different way to what I’m learning I’ve really learned how to be humble Just because I don’t know something doesn’t mean that I won’t know it how to not be embarrassed when I need to ask lots and lots of questions both in my previous lab and my current lab I have learned how to look at things from an interdisciplinary perspective I think pretty differently than a lot of people in my psychology lab That leads to some interesting avenues that I’ve been able to open up So I always recommend getting diversified experiences because it’ll make you a better thinker.” a senior double majoring in psychology and political science Please select what you would like included for printing: Copy the text below and then paste that into your favorite email application This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply Service map data © OpenStreetMap contributors Live Cast 1955 to Joseph and Sylvia Peitz and grew up in Hartington Tim was a gentle giant of a man who loved to learn He worked as a diesel mechanic and owned his own business Tim was active in his church and loved to act in plays that shared the Gospel Jane Peitz; children: Toni (Buckley) Hamilton and Matthew (Shelby) Pinkerton; twelve grandchildren; siblings; nieces and nephews Sep 26th from 5pm to 8pm at the West Center Chapel Sep 27th at 10:30am at Bellevue Christian Center with interment following at Evergreen Memorial Park Cemetery in Omaha I want to tell Tim’s family and friends how sorry I am about his death his siblings and their parents during our “growing-up” years in Hartington I hope that you all can take comfort in your own personal remembrances Heafey-Hoffmann-Dworak-Cutler Mortuaries © 2024 All Rights Reserved Terms of Use and Privacy Policy 2023 at the Arbor Care Center in Hartington after a short but courageous battle with ALS (Lou Gehrig’s Disease) Mass of Christian Burial will be on Tuesday at Holy Trinity Catholic Church in Hartington with the Rev Owen Korte officiating.  Burial will be at St Michael’s cemetery in Hartington.  Visitation will be on Monday Jim Keiter officiating.  Visitation will continue Tuesday one hour prior to services.  Arrangements are under the direction of the Wintz Funeral Home in Hartington.  The family asks that people attending services wear colorful clothes as they want to celebrate Bev’s life in a positive way Honorary pallbearers will be Bev’s grandchildren SD to LaVern Bernard and Dorothy Christina (Guenther) Murray.  She grew up in Hartington and graduated from Cedar Catholic High School in 1969.  She had two years of college in Omaha at the Lincoln School of Commerce learning stenography She married Darrell Joseph Peitz on July 28 1972 in Hartington.  Bev worked at the Peitz GMC dealership for a while then for Gurney’s Seed and Nursery in Yankton Neu Cheese in Hartington and then for the Bank of Hartington for 20 years.  Bev worked at Larry’s Heating and Cooling in Yankton so she returned to work at Larry’s Heating and Cooling for an additional two years.  Bev was a member of Holy Trinity Catholic Church and its ladies Guild She was a self-taught sewer with remarkable skills Bev was a member and past president of the Dakota Prairie Quilt Club She enjoyed road trips to quilt shops throughout the Midwest often meeting up with her ‘Woolies’ friends Bev was a multi-award winner at Riverboat Days Quilt shows She was a devoted mother and friend; she adored spending time with her grandchildren Darrell of Hartington; six children Brad (Carrie) Peitz of Hartington Laura (Dan) Petersen of Stanton; 16 grandchildren – Kennadi and Rowan; six siblings Anne Hoesing of Jackson and Gerry “Badger” Murray; parents-in-law Joe and Sylvia Peitz; brother-in-law Howard Hoesing; sister-in-law Karen Stunden; brothers-in-law Tim and Tom Peitz Enter your phone number above to have directions sent via text fortified with the sacraments of Holy Mother Church Beloved wife of 70 years to Robert Peitz; cherished daughter of the late Columbus and Alice Smith; devoted mother of Richard Peitz and Cindy Peitz; loving grandmother of Heidi and James (Kelly); precious great-grandmother of three; dear sister of both living and deceased siblings of the Smith family Madelene worked at a Famous Barr that was later named Macy's as a makeup artist for 19 years She met her husband Bob of 70 years while working at a factory in 1950 Their favorite vacation destinations were Florida and Gulf Shores Madelene was dearly loved and will be greatly missed by all who knew her memorials may be made in Madelene's name to Alzheimer’s Association 2021 at FirstHealth Moore Regional Hospital Mississippi to the late James and Betty Bridges She often could be found reading her bible on the back porch and listening to the birds singing around her She helped shape the lives of many children with her home daycare she had for over 30 years   She also enjoyed being a hairdresser and making everyone around her look beautiful She is survived by her loving husband of 44 years Stephanie Hardy (Bobby) and Stacey Yarbrough (Brandon); four siblings Tammy Jones (Ricky) and Dena Sessoms (Greg); also survived by four grandchildren 2021 from 2:00-3:00 PM at Beulah Hill Baptist Church with a service following at 3:00 PM Burial at Beulah Hill Baptist Church Cemetery Memorial donations in Kathy’s name may be made to St Online condolences may be left at:  www.bolesfuneralhome.com Services are entrusted to Boles Funeral Home of Southern Pines On June 28 Ewing put only veterans in his lineup with one exception: Harry Steinfeldt, a 23-year-old second-year player, was at second base instead of venerable 39-year-old Bid McPhee. The starting battery was Peitz and Bill Phillips Peitz, at 28, was in his eighth major-league season and fourth in Cincinnati. In the 1890s “there were few better catchers in the major leagues” than Peitz, observed Alfred H. Spink, founder of The Sporting News. Peitz “was the mainstay of the Cincinnati Reds behind the bat, and he established the reputation there of being one of the best and wisest catchers who ever wore a mitt.”5 The visiting lineup included Padden at shortstop and five rookies. The “many new faces” on the Senators “required papers of identification,” said Cincinnati sportswriter Ren Mulford Jr.6 Rookie backstop Dick Butler was paired with Win Mercer a 25-year-old right-hander in his sixth season with the team It was Ladies’ Day at League Park.7 The paid attendance was 1,982, plus about 500 ladies.8 The weather was fair and the temperature about 90.9 The umpires were Ed Swartwood behind home plate and Al Warner at first base The Senators scored first. With one out in the top of the second inning, Buck Freeman singled up the middle and Padden ripped a triple past Dusty Miller in right field Freeman came home for a 1-0 Washington lead The next two batters were also rookies. Jack O’Brien laid down a sacrifice. Phillips fielded it but threw wildly to second base, as Slagle rounded second and advanced to third. Charlie Atherton rapped a grounder that was snared by Charlie Irwin and Slagle – like Padden and Barry an inning earlier – was tagged out at the plate With Atherton on first base and O’Brien on third, Atherton took off for second and was quickly in a rundown. O’Brien headed home; the fielders turned their attention to him and got him in a rundown. It was Harry “Farmer” Vaughn four Senators had been put out at home plate The Reds scored their first run in the bottom of the third inning on a single, two bases on balls, and a fly ball. Phillips departed after three innings with a sore shoulder and was replaced by Theodore Breitenstein In the fifth inning, the Reds rallied for four runs to take the lead. Peitz led off with a double to right field. After Breitenstein flied out, Elmer Smith drew a walk. Kip Selbach’s drive bounded over the head of O’Brien in left field for a two-run triple Miller’s double down the right-field line scored Selbach and Miller raced home on Corcoran’s single to left The Reds added a run in the bottom of the sixth on Peitz’s second double of the game – he was given an ovation by the crowd – and Breitenstein’s single to center Washington rallied against Breitenstein in the seventh Butler tripled to left center and scored on Mercer’s double to right when Steinfeldt caught O’Brien’s liner and threw to Corcoran at second to double up Slagle The Senators scored again in the eighth inning on Atherton’s single to left and Padden’s double to center; it was the captain’s fourth hit of the game The Senators came to bat in the ninth inning Breitenstein fanned Butler for the first out Mercer got aboard with a single to left field and represented the tying run Slagle lashed a line drive to center field who threw to first base in time to double up Mercer The game was over; the final score was Cincinnati Reds 6 but the advantage was negated by baserunning follies Five Washington baserunners were thrown out at the plate they would have doubtless won the game,” said the Enquirer The Reds went on to sweep the four-game series After they finished the season in sixth place The Senators finished in 11th place and were disbanded as the National League contracted from 12 to 8 teams for the 1900 season This article was fact-checked by Kurt Blumenau and copy-edited by Len Levin Image: 1904 Sporting Life cabinet card of Henry “Heinie” Peitz 1 “Louisville Again Wins,” Washington Times 2 “Is After Players,” Washington Star 3 “The Rally for Ewing’s Scalp,” Cincinnati Post 4 “Baseball Gossip,” Cincinnati Enquirer 5 Alfred H 6 Ren Mulford Jr. 7 “After a Two-Days’ Lay Off,” Cincinnati Enquirer 8 “Baseball Gossip,” Cincinnati Enquirer 9 Cincinnati Post 10 “Diamond Dust,” Washington Times Slagle’s height is from his SABR biography 11 “The Reds Are Victorious,” Washington Times 12 “Fought Down to the End,” Cincinnati Enquirer If you can help us improve this game story, contact us 19th Century · 1890s · The first community support house established by the Baxter Regional Hospital Foundation is known as the Twin Lakes Area’s first line of support for cancer patients and their families and friends The Peitz Cancer Support House provides a comprehensive support services program from the first diagnosis throughout the treatment and beyond in a homelike environment Supplies offered by the Peitz Cancer Support House include care packages mastectomy supplies and lumpectomy supplies Other services include several kinds of support sessions whether it’s in a group or one-on-one Nearly all services at the Peitz Cancer Support House are free of charge Funds are raised through various events including the Pink for Peitz Rodeo and fun runs the inaugural Kick Cancer in the Bass Benefit Fishing Tournament will be held at Bull Shoals Lake Boat Dock Anyone looking to make a donation or becoming a volunteer can contact Hudson at 870-508-CARE (2273) This month, Our Community Cares, sponsored by American Safeguard Insurance, Danny Porter of Century 21 LeMac Realty, Farmers and Merchants Bank, the Vitality Plus Wellness Center, West Plains Bank and Trust and KTLO, Classic Hits and The Boot, recognizes the Peitz Cancer Support House and its services to provide support for cancer patients. Learn more at ktlo.com/ourcommunitycares Martin Peitz is professor of economics at the University of Mannheim and a director of the Mannheim Centre for Competition and Innovation – MaCCI Together with Paul Belleflamme he wrote the leading graduate textbook “Industrial Organization: Markets and Strategies,” and the forthcoming book “The Economics of Platforms: Concepts and Strategy” He has been advising a number of competition authorities and government agencies in Europe and abroad Privacy Policy & Terms and Conditions Web Design Grizzly A sporting event coming up at the end of next month to raise funds for the Peitz Cancer Support House The inaugural Kick Cancer in the Bass Benefit Fishing Tournament Tournament is scheduled for October 30 at Bull Shoals Lake Boat Dock The cost is $250 per boat with a two-person maximum and the tournament is limited to the first 75 entries There’s also an optional big bass pot for $10 per angler Cash prizes will go to the top five finishers with the winners receiving $4,000 contact the Peitz Cancer Support House at 870-508-2273 Jim Peitz has tried to work the Florida International Air Show at Punta Gorda airport into his air show circuit This year schedules aligned perfectly and Peitz will fly go through his aerobatic routine while piloting a four-seat Beechcraft Bonanza at the 38th annual Florida International Air Show The USAF Thunderbirds — who are scheduled to perform at 3 p.m 2 and 3 — are the main headliner but Peitz South Dakota native who also has a home in Cape Coral and a hangar at the Punta Gorda Airport is one of several acts who will keep crowds in awe without a doubt,” air show board president Dana Carr said at a Thursday evening press event “He will make that family aircraft do things that shouldn’t be done,” Carr added Peitz owns one of 177 Beechcraft Bonanza planes that were modified for aerobatics with beefed up wings and a beefed up tail giving it a plus 6G and negative 3G rating so its one of the earlier versions of the aerobatic aircraft which were made between 1968 and 1986 Many don’t know what to expect as Peitz takes to the skies “When I come scooting in at 220 miles per hour and go vertical and do vertical rolls and into a full routine oftentimes — and they did it at Reno Air Races last year — they send out the crash trucks they think it’s not going to be good,” he said who has been performing at air shows for 29 years Shows are typically scheduled around the availability of the jet show teams the show in Punta Gorda landed on a weekend that Peitz had open The Thunderbirds were the last jet team to perform in Punta Gorda when they appeared in 2014 — though their Sunday show was rained out Carr expects more than 40,000 people to attend the air show is a University of Florida graduate who grew up in Pinellas County Carr said 2,000 ROTC cadets from Graeff’s high school are being bused in to watch the Friday practice Every ROTC cadet can attend the Friday night show for free The air show is also giving away 8,000 tickets to area elementary school students who participate in a program that requires them to read at least one book The show at the Punta Gorda airport is the last one on the Thunderbirds’ current tour Once named one of the “Ten Best Air Shows in the World,” by USA Today the Florida International Air Show has raised more than $3 million for area charities and nonprofits It used to be a staple in the spring but the all-volunteer effort decided to go on hiatus in 2015 because of mounting costs during peak season Registration is $40 in advance and $45 on race day and includes a ticket to the air show Medals will be awarded for the top three places in women’s and men’s divisions while the first 300 registrants will also receive a finisher;’s medal The overall air show lineup is peppered with returning favorites highlighted by the return of three-time U.S National Aerobatic Champion pilot Patty Wagstaff who asked to return to the show; the Alabama Boys comedy air troupe; and the Redline Air Show Aerobatic Team Special Operations Command parachute demonstration team and McCart Jet Truck help round out a roster of acts which can be seen in detail at floridaairshow.com A full roster of static aircraft displays will line the runway Static display organizer Matt Lehn said he planned a variety of other fun things for children to climb on and get into Navy helicopters; an Air Force STEM trailer; U.S fire engines and Smokey the Bear; and more than two dozen museum grade aircraft when our guests get here and get off the buses and start walking on the runway there’s going to be planes on either side before you get to show center,” Lehn said with performances set for 5:30 to 8:30 p.m and 9 a.m with performances between noon and 3:30 p.m Spectators are encouraged to bring their own sunscreen and event chairs Ticket prices vary and family pack discounts are available • For more information or tickets to the Florida International Air Show For his research work in the field of computer science Junior Professor Dr Sebastian Peitz from Paderborn University has been awarded an ERC Starting Grant worth 1.5 million euros by the European Research Council (ERC) The grants are among the most important awards in European research funding and are awarded to top researchers with outstanding scientific achievements Starting Grants are intended to help researchers at the beginning of their academic careers to realise their own projects form teams and pursue their most promising ideas Peitz heads the ‘Data Science for Engineering’ specialist group at Paderborn University's institute of computer science He was previously Managing Director at the Institute of Industrial Mathematics there and a junior research group leader funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Peitz's research interests include machine learning - particularly in the context of complex technical systems - and intelligent socio-technical systems He received the ERC grant for his project proposal ‘KoOpeRaDE’ The project is about monitoring and controlling complex technical systems with the help of artificial intelligence - known as reinforcement learning The aim is to significantly improve data efficiency and which is of key importance for safety-critical systems such as aeroplanes or power plants ‘The project combines research content from computer science With the increasing complexity of modern systems such interdisciplinarity is playing an ever more important role,’ says Peitz Melissa moved to the Twin Lakes Area 11 years ago and resides in Gassville with her husband She enjoys spending time with her family and takes pride in being a mom scenic country drives and hikes as well as church activities and Bible studies Since 2000, the Peitz Cancer Support House has provided a comprehensive support services program, from first diagnosis throughout treatment and beyond, for cancer patients and their families. All programs and services at the PCSH are offered free of charge. For more information about the PCSH, contact Melissa Hudson, PCSH Coordinator, at (870) 508-CARE (2273) or mhudson@baxterregional.org Media Kit Baxter Health Cline Emergency Center is proud to announce that it has been recognized by the Arkansas Department of Health for its exceptional stroke .. Baxter Health earns prestigious designation from Arkansas Emergency Medical Services for Children Baxter Health has joined an elite group as one of .. New Campaign to Expand Cath Labs Baxter Health has grown into one of Arkansas’ most remarkable health care success stories If you are the site owner (or you manage this site), please whitelist your IP or if you think this block is an error please open a support ticket and make sure to include the block details (displayed in the box below) so we can assist you in troubleshooting the issue Jan 7, 2024PeopleJoe CanteyJoe Cantey who trained Loblolly Stable's Temperence Hill to 53-1 upset in the 1980 Belmont (G1) died of lung and mouth cancer Friday at his home in Camden Cantey rose to national prominence in the late 1970s training for the Loblolly Stable of Arkansas lumberman John Ed Anthony Oaklawn Park's all-time winningest owner Asked what made Cantey a successful trainer Peitz simply said: “He was just a good horseman.” Among the horses who passed through Cantey’s barn in the late 1970s and early 1980s were Grade 1 winner Cox’s Ridge – Loblolly’s first nationally prominent runner – Temperence Hill a multiple Grade 1 winner on turf and earner of $2,077,796. Temperence Hill was the nation’s top 3-year-old male after wins in the 1980 Arkansas Derby (G2) retired from training in 1987 and returned to South Carolina eventually opening a sport shooting range in Camden Cantey was a world champion (sporting clays) Funeral arrangements are incomplete and will be announced by Kornegay Funeral Home and the debates surrounding trainer Bob Baffert What started in 2003 is now one of the largest land speed contests in the country. Held twice a year, the Texas Mile is a three-day event where participants from all around the globe ascend on Chase Field Industrial Complex in Beeville to try and run their vehicles as fast as possible across a standing one-mile course The Peitz Performance C8 performed better than expected Alex Peitz and his team developed the twin-turbo system for Emelia Hartford’s C8 Corvette If the name sounds familiar, you may remember Peitz Performance Tuning from designing, installing, and tuning the twin-turbo system on Emelia Hartford’s C8 Corvette Peitz has expanded its C8 turbo system offerings to include four packages of varying horsepower levels The Bravo Lite package will give your C8 a mild 150 horsepower increase while its flagship Alpha package can more than double the factory output of the LT2 engine by adding 800 horsepower require engine rebuilds using components that are up to the task of making four-digit power numbers The Peitz Performance Tunes C8 twin-turbo packages have been developed over the last three years let’s dive into how Peitz Performance Tunes took Scott Underwood’s stock C8 Corvette and built it into one of the newest members of the 200 mph club at this year’s Texas Mile The foundation consists of a 2021 Corvette Z51 coupe in beautiful Zeus Bronze Metallic Once Underwood dropped the C8 at Peitz Performance the team got to work on the heart transplant although it should be noted that the customer had already purchased it prior to taking the C8 to Peitz Performance The LME billet intake performs exceptionally well and looks great contrasting with this C8’s Zeus Bronze Metallic paint To feed this beast a healthy diet of E85, Peitz designed its Alpha Spec fuel system to make use of the stock direct injection and a secondary set of 2,200 cc Deatschwerks (DW) port injectors in the LME billet intake The fuel system works by filling the factory tank which feeds fuel to a DW surge tank that houses three 450 lph fuel pumps One of the pumps sends the corn fuel to the high-pressure direct injection fuel pump through a pressure regulator The return side of that regulator feeds the port injection fuel rails where there is a secondary pressure regulator The return on the secondary regulator sends fuel back to the surge tank and The two additional 450 lph DW fuel pumps are triggered to activate by Peitz’s Alpha Spec Delta Control Module (DCM) when there is 2 psi or greater of boost present The secondary fuel system mounted in the C8 frunk looks complex but it is a beautiful solution to fueling a 1,000-horsepower LT2 Complex problems call for complex solutions The DCM is an in-line module that allows the end user or Alex himself to make adjustments to the signals that are being sent to the car’s ECU from the intake air temperature (IAT) sensor The DCM has the capability to add or pull timing the DCM has a boost-by-gear option and can store up to six user-selectable boost profiles and it can control a secondary port injection system We honestly weren’t really trying to go too crazy but were more so collecting data and happened to hit this mark Once Alex and the team had Underwood’s C8 back together and on the dyno the car made a maximum of 1,002 horsepower at the rear wheels with the DCM on profile five Underwood and the Peitz Performance team were ready to make a rip at the Texas Mile and collect data to refine the tuning and setup on the car “We did not know what it was going to do and we were playing conservative and logging and collecting data,” Alex stated As part of the data collection and sorting of the car Alex had the DCM on profile four which makes 879 horsepower at the wheels and Peitz Performance Tunes are official members of the Texas Mile 200 mph club It turns out that profile five wasn’t needed to hit the 200 mph mark With the C8 on profile four and Underwood’s good friend Kevin Leonard behind the wheel the Peitz Performance-built C8 made entry into the 200 mph club with a standing mile pass at 201.2 mph So I guess the only thing to do now is to continue perfecting the tune and see what happens at the next Texas Mile event this coming October Build your own custom newsletter with the content you love from LSX Magazine We will safeguard your e-mail and only send content you request We'll send you the most interesting LSX Magazine articles We promise not to use your email address for anything but exclusive updates from the Power Automedia Network Link IconCopy linkFacebook LogoShare on FacebookXShare on XEmailShare via EmailLink copied to clipboardCharles Peitz former Inquirer editor"Charlie was incredibly knowledgeable on virtually any given subject He could do the New York Times crossword in 40 minutes with his Mont Blanc." a career journalist and former editor at the Inquirer died of complications from lung disease on Wednesday he graduated from Haddonfield Memorial High School in 1973 and then graduated cum laude from Middlebury College in Vermont in 1977 with a degree in English he returned to the area and embarked on a career as a writer and editor based in Philadelphia beginning with a 10-year stint at the Farm Journal where he rose to features editor for one of its national magazines where he started on the copy desk and eventually was promoted to fine arts editor where he edited stories in the Personal Journal section his proudest literary achievement was co-editing a book on St the 250-year-old Episcopal church at Third and Pine Streets "Charlie was incredibly knowledgeable on virtually any given subject; literature He could do the New York Times crossword in 40 minutes with his Mont Blanc," said friend Sharyn Masullo His near-daily visits to their home were announced with "Hey ho!" and a knock at the door as he came in moving back to his childhood home to be with her 2021 – Some of the world's top air show performers have made commitments to fly at EAA AirVenture Oshkosh 2021 — the World's Greatest Aviation Celebration — as part of the afternoon and night air show lineups with more expected to commit in the coming months Those performers include aerobatic champions and longtime Oshkosh favorites The event features nine air shows over seven days including night airshows on July 28 and 31 The daily afternoon air shows are presented by Daher and Pratt & Whitney Canada night air show is presented by Covington Aircraft "This is already an outstanding all-star air show lineup and we’re just getting started," said Rick Larsen EAA's vice president of communities and member programs who coordinates AirVenture features and attractions "There is a particularly high energy among the air show community to get back to Oshkosh in 2021 or particular aircraft connected with specific events and anniversaries." Among the returning performers and aircraft already on the schedule include: many more exciting performers will be announced including some only-in-Oshkosh performers and aircraft Exact days for each performer and complete daily air show lineups will be announced as they are finalized (920) 426-4800 one-half of the "Pretzel Battery" was born On this day in 1870, former Red Heinie Peitz was born in St. Louis. Predominately a catcher, Peitz played for the Reds from 1896 through 1904. During that time, he slashed .279/.346/.364 (98 OPS+) in 3002 plate appearances. While in St. Louis at the start of his career, Peitz was frequently teamed with pitcher Ted Breitenstein. This tandem was deemed the "Pretzel Battery" (Wikipedia) they were given the nickname when a fan saw them in a saloon eating pretzels and drinking beer together Breitenstein and Peitz" (New Bill James Historical Abstract Peitz and Breitenstein were also teammates on the Reds for four seasons After his major league playing days were over Peitz played for and managed the Louisville Colonels of the American Association for a brief period He led the Colonels to the AA pennant in 1909 Peitz lived in the Cincinnati area until he died in 1943 at age 72 the Redlegs traded catcher Hobie Landrith to the Chicago Cubs for centerfielder-turned-pitcher Hal Jeffcoat The trade was a good one for the Redlegs as Landrith was not much more than a replacement level backup while Jeffcoat turned in four decent seasons in Cincinnati the Washington Senators sent pitcher Dave Sisler to the Reds to complete an earlier trade between the two teams the Reds had traded lefty Claude Osteen to Washington for a player to be named later This was a horrendous trade for Cincinnati as Sisler was out of the major leagues after just one season for the Reds while Osteen had a long and productive major league career after the trade Meusel played only one season in Cincinnati He was best known for his time as a member of the championship Yankees teams of the 1920s Meusel had a cannon for an arm and hit fifth behind Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig in the Yankees' Murderers' Row lineup the Reds fired Hall of Fame manager Sparky Anderson after nine seasons with the team Anderson compiled a 863-586 (.596) record with five division titles and RijoSabes all earned a point yesterday 1) In which seasons did the Tigers win AL East titles with Sparky Anderson as manager 2) In which year did Bob Meusel lead the American League in home runs and runs batted in Baxter Regional Medical Center announced Monday that tickets are on sale now for the fifth annual Pink for Peitz Benefit Rodeo 14-15 at the Mountain Home Saddle Club Arena Presented by Arkansas Family Rodeo Rand Rodeo Company and Chicks 'n Spurs Drill Team Pink for Peitz is "a fun and exciting way" to help raise awareness and funds for the Peitz Cancer Support House of BRMC Stock will the provided by Rand Rodeo Company and other activities include Chicks-n-Spurs Drill Team performance souvenirs sales table and silent auction items There will also be an opportunity drawing for a custom 2015 Pink for Peitz belt buckle Food will be available at Mountain Home Saddle Club concession stand PCSH raised $15,000 during this annual event last year services and support free of charge to cancer patients and their families Cost of admission at the gate is $8 for adults Tickets are available now at Peitz Cancer Support House for $5 each call the PCSH at (870) 508-2273 or email Regina Ellis Additional sponsors include Integrity First Bank Unlike some of the other turbo videos on YouTube, this one gives us some insight into the design as well as the products used. The turbos selected for this installation are two 62/66 Precision Turbos that will be rear-mounted under the bumper of the C8 eliminating the mufflers on the car The beauty of this layout is that the exhaust will “X” coming off the turbos and the spent gasses will exit at the factory tip location Another nice feature for those of you that are concerned with emissions Special flanges were produced and purchased so that this kit will bolt-on to the existing hardware of the Corvette if you decided to sell the car or convert it back to factory specifications and the factory mufflers can be reattached easily Alex Peitz of Peitz Performance says in the video “The whole idea of this kit is that you don’t have to cut anything You don’t have to make any compromises in terms of fit or finish.” While it is possible to run a turbo without an intercooler Peitz opted for an air-to-water design rather than an air-to-air The intercooler will replace the factory airbox Peitz states that this area is large enough to fit the intercooler with no problem and that the core they are using will support up to 1,200 horsepower Another common challenge with a low mount system is getting oil to and from the turbos  Instead of being able to allow gravity to help get the oil back into the oil pan you need a scavenge pump to aid with this process the plan is to tee off the oil pressure sending unit and then use the pump to get the oil from the turbos back to a 10AN return in the valve cover Peitz still has some more work to finish up this system but they are well on the way to a nice unit. For more information and updates on the C8, you can follow Emelia Hartford on youtube