Volume 13 - 2022 | <a class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__doi" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.812831">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.812831</a>
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This study investigates how individuals&#x2019; life satisfaction and depression are affected by the dissolution of a steady non-cohabiting intimate relationship
Previous studies have focused more on the consequences of divorce and less on the influence of non-cohabiting relationships on the well-being of the individual
The data for this study were taken from pairfam
and were used to estimate fixed-effects panel regression models and impact functions to identify the overall effect of dissolution and trajectories after separation
The study sample comprised 2,631 individuals who were observed over the course of 11,219 partnership years
the dissolution of a non-cohabiting relationship led to a significant decline in mental health and life satisfaction
the trajectories after dissolution suggest that the decline was only temporary
suggesting worse consequences for men who experienced a significant decline in both dimensions and did not readjust in life satisfaction until several years after the dissolution
decreases were only found for life satisfaction
research on gender differences in relation to the dissolution of non-cohabiting relationships is limited
The following analyses are based on waves 2&#x2013;11 (2009/10&#x2013;2018/19) of the Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (pairfam; <a href="#ref33">Huinink et al., 2011</a>; <a href="#ref13">Br&#x000FC;derl et al., 2021</a>)
Pairfam is an annual interdisciplinary panel survey of randomly selected men and women in Germany
Beginning in 2008 with 12,402 participants from three birth cohorts (1971&#x2013;93; 1981&#x2013;83; and 1991&#x2013;93)
pairfam is well suited to identify the development of non-cohabiting relationships over many years
An event dummy was created to detect the overall effects of the dissolution of a non-cohabiting relationship with the following values: 0&#x2009;=&#x2009;no dissolution and 1&#x2009;=&#x2009;dissolution
To investigate whether changes due to dissolution are only short term or permanent
the event dummy was more differentiated and combined with the time since dissolution
This new event-centered variable captures the year of the end of the relationship
resulting in a variable with the following values: 1&#x2009;=&#x2009;year of the dissolution; 2&#x2009;=&#x2009;1&#x2009;year after the dissolution; 3&#x2009;=&#x2009;2&#x2009;years after the dissolution; and 4&#x2009;=&#x2009;3 or more years after the dissolution
The reference category 0 includes all person-years during the relationship before the dissolution occurred
Life satisfaction was measured using the following question: &#x201C;All in all
how satisfied are you with your life at the moment?&#x201D; The answers ranged from 0 (&#x201C;very dissatisfied&#x201D;) to 10 (&#x201C;very satisfied&#x201D;)
The mean value over all the observation periods was 7.53 (SD&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.64)
Mental health was measured as levels of depression using the State-Trait-Depression Scale (10 items; STDS Form Y-2; <a href="#ref76">Spaderna et al., 2002</a>)
This scale consists of five items assessing negative mood and five items assessing positive mood
The sample items include &#x201C;My mood is melancholy&#x201D; or &#x201C;I feel good,&#x201D; with response values ranging from 1 (&#x201C;almost never&#x201D;) to 4 (&#x201C;almost always&#x201D;)
The mean value over all the observation periods was 1.79 (SD&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.51)
treatment effects could be overestimated if the period trends are not controlled for
These general time trends were considered to uncover the effects of relationship dissolution by including period dummies for every panel wave and the respondents&#x2019; age
All models were estimated separately for men and women to establish life satisfaction and mental health trajectories after the end of an intimate relationship
The results of several fixed-effects panel regression models are presented separately below to identify outcomes in mental health and life satisfaction
the overall effects of the dissolution of a non-cohabiting relationship are presented separately for men and women
results from the fixed-effects impact functions are presented in graphic form to show the trajectories for both outcomes after the end of the intimate relationship
Further effects found in the following years were not significant
indicating no difference compared with the pre-dissolution levels
women experienced no significant changes in depression in the short term after the end of their non-cohabiting relationship
they showed a decrease in depression compared with the pre-dissolution levels 2 or more years after the dissolution
Note that the observation period ended at the time of the last interview or at the beginning of a new relationship
Becoming less depressed could be the result of anticipation effects that appear as the respondent becomes acquainted with a potential new partner
Fixed-effects panel regression for dissolution on depression separated by sex
Fixed-effects panel regression impact functions for changes in depression separated by sex
Results reveal the changes in depression after relationship dissolution compared to average levels of depression before the dissolution; the value 0 on the x-axis marks the first observation point immediately after dissolution; the y-axis shows unstandardized regression coefficients from fixed-effects panel regression impact functions with 95% CI and panel robust standard errors; and data: pairfam waves 2&#x2013;11; own calculation
they experienced adjustment in life satisfaction immediately in the following year
the levels of life satisfaction from 1&#x2009;year after the dissolution did not differ from the pre-dissolution levels
Fixed-effects panel regression for dissolution on life satisfaction separated by sex
Fixed-effects panel regression impact functions for changes in life satisfaction separated by sex
Results reveal the changes in life satisfaction after relationship dissolution compared to average levels of life satisfaction before the dissolution; the value 0 on the x-axis marks the first observation point immediately after dissolution; the y-axis shows unstandardized regression coefficients from fixed-effects panel regression impact functions with 95% CI and panel robust standard errors; and data: pairfam waves 2&#x2013;11; own calculation
Having a romantic partner and an intimate relationship have a favorable effect on the individual&#x2019;s mental health and subjective well-being
Romantic partners benefit from resources that enhance health and well-being
This study investigated the consequences of relationship dissolution of steady non-cohabiting relationships on the individuals&#x2019; life satisfaction and mental health
Losing the potential benefits from being in an intimate relationship because of separation is associated with a decline in psychological and subjective well-being
the overall effects of dissolution on life satisfaction and depression were estimated
The trajectories of the outcomes following the end of the relationship were modeled and analyzed separately for men and women
The use of fixed-effects panel regression models allowed to estimate individuals&#x2019; within-variation to be assessed prior to and after the end of their intimate relationships
the results of this study suggest that even partnerships with lower levels of institutionalization affect the loss of mental health and life satisfaction
Findings from cross-sectional studies have suggested higher levels of subjective well-being and mental health and low levels of strain as well as higher emotional and instrumental support between partners in non-cohabiting relationships compared with being single
The loss of these lower institutionalized benefits along with the loss of a relationship can be attributed to unfavorable outcomes
Although the number of studies on non-cohabiting couples in older adulthood is growing
longitudinal findings for the consequences of dissolution are still limited
Furthermore, although the results suggest similar patterns of dissolution effects to those observed after the end of a marriage, no direct comparison has been tested. Future studies should estimate and compare dissolutions from different types of relationships to compare temporal patterns. Previous findings suggest that individuals anticipate upcoming major life events (<a href="#ref87">Yap et al., 2012</a>; <a href="#ref6">Anusic et al., 2014</a>)
Life satisfaction and depression may not only change after dissolution but immediately before the end of the relationship
Rising conflicts or the experience of internal or external shocks may lead to a significant decline in the levels of well-being and mental health that could result in dissolution
The investigation of anticipation effects is not possible in this study because the average length of the relationship before the dissolution is relatively short compared to annual survey intervals
Separating the few pre-dissolution time intervals to analyze the anticipation effects would result in problems with selectivity due to the low share of non-cohabiting couples who were staying together for many years without a transition
Adaptation and anticipation processes may occur over shorter time intervals in non-cohabiting partnerships
Future studies could also use panel data with shorter time intervals between interviews to examine more finely differentiated trajectories
Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found at the German Family Panel (pairfam). GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA5678 Data file Version 12.0.0, <a href="https://doi.org/10.4232/pairfam.5678.12.0.0">https://doi.org/10.4232/pairfam.5678.12.0.0.</a>
The author confirms being the sole contributor of this work and has approved it for publication
This research is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG
German Research Foundation)&#x2014;Project number 165713635&#x2014;Beziehungs- und Familienentwicklungspanel (pairfam)
The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations
Any product that may be evaluated in this article
or claim that may be made by its manufacturer
is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher
This paper uses data from the German Family Panel
Pairfam is funded as long-term project by the German Research Foundation (DFG)
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Citation: Preetz R (2022) Dissolution of Non-cohabiting Relationships and Changes in Life Satisfaction and Mental Health
Received: 10 November 2021; Accepted: 14 February 2022; Published: 04 March 2022
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which the club's CEO Carsten Schmidt described as "a very precarious situation"
we feel that a change of head coach can give the team fresh impetus," Schmidt added in a statement
took charge in April 2020 and kept Hertha in Germany's top flight last season
but the team has taken just one point from four games in 2021
He is replaced by caretaker coach Pal Dardai
who was in charge of the first team from 2015 until 2019 before being moved to the club's youth academy
Schmidt said Hertha expects to name a permanent head coach "in the coming days"
was shown the door after 25 years with Hertha
then eventually becoming general manager in 2009
He has been axed for failing to move Hertha forward despite the spending of around 100 million euros ($122 million) in transfers last season
funded by the club's wealthy backer Lars Windhorst
Sports director and former Germany defender Arne Friedrich will take over Preetz's responsibilities until the end of the season
Hertha face a tough run of fixtures next month with Bundesliga leaders Bayern Munich and RB Leipzig
both visiting Berlin's Olympic Stadium in February
BERLIN (AP) — Hertha Berlin fired coach Bruno Labbadia and general manager Michael Preetz on Sunday after a poor run of form left the big-spending club near the Bundesliga relegation zone
Labbadia spent nine months in charge and becomes the fourth permanent Hertha coach to leave the post in the last two years after Saturday&#8217;s 4-1 defeat to Werder Bremen
Preetz departs after nearly 12 years as general manager
with former sporting director and former German national team player Arne Friedrich taking over his duties
two points above the relegation playoff place
and has won only one of its last eight league games
“With 17 points from 18 games we are in a very serious situation,” chairman Carsten Schmidt said in a statement
“Therefore we have decided after due consideration to provide new impetus with a change of coach
We will clarify the successor for the coach position in the coming days.”
Schmidt told broadcaster Sky that candidates to succeed Labbadia include Pal Dardai
“We have a clear plan,&#8221; Schmidt said
“We are not going into this task unprepared.”
Labbadia was initially appointed in April 2020 to steady the ship after a turbulent 10-game spell under former Germany and United States national team coach Jürgen Klinsmann
but failed to make progress toward the top half of the table in his second season
The poor form comes despite Hertha being among Europe&#8217;s biggest spenders on transfers in 2020
It is particularly troubling for Hertha given the club&#8217;s stated aim of establishing itself as a Champions League regular and also the success of rival Union Berlin
Hertha spent large sums last year on signing forwards Krzysztof Piatek from Milan and Matheus Cunha from Leipzig
defensive midfielder Lucas Tousart from Lyon and midfielder Matteo Guendouzi on loan from Arsenal
None has consistently hit strong form in Berlin
More AP sports: https://apnews.com/apf-sports and https://twitter.com/AP_Sports
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27 and then left the club out of the blue on Feb
"It was short," Preetz said to the Bild Podcast Phrasenm&auml;her
"In the true sense of the word: short!" Preetz said
"He came to me and my assistant's office and just said: 'So bye
Now I am gone.' And the next moment he was gone
We just looked at each other and asked: 'What was that all about?'" &nbsp;
Hertha collected 1.2 points per game under Klinsmann. The 55-year-old followed fired <a id="0" title="Ante Covic" href="/ante-covic/profil/trainer/14175" target="_blank">Ante Covic</a>
Sport Bild published a protocol in which the 55-year-old criticized Preetz
Preetz called the criticism voiced perfidious and improper and considered legal action.&nbsp;
"He had left the Hertha headquarters for the coach's offices," Preetz said
But a conversation was no longer possible because he had decided on another path
As he left the office he had his finger on the trigger
The club would have liked a private conversation to solve problems
"I couldn't believe that we are in the year 2020 and people still just get up and walk away," Preetz said
"Looking back I didn't have the sense that he was very truthful."
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Two firefighters were ejected from the rescue basket of an aerial ladder from the Kiel Professional Fire Department in Germany Thursday morning
The firefighters were training on skills for aerial ladder operators at the Pl&ouml;n fire training facility in Preetz when the incident happened
A spokesperson told <a href="https://www.fireworld.at/2024/10/17/d-zwei-feuerwehrleute-bei-uebung-in-kiel-aus-drehleiterkorb-geschleudert-und-verletzt/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">FireWorld.at</a> that ropes
which are part of the Marigus ladder's extension system
appeared to retract while two firefighters were in the rescue basket at the tip
Both firefighters were thrown from the bucket
but were wearing fall protection equipment which prevented them from falling nearly 30 feet
was left dangling from the rescue basket for some time
The firefighters were treated and taken to the hospital for treatment
with officials calling the injuries serious
Marigus said: "The reason for the technical defect is currently unknown
Our engineers will carry out a comprehensive investigation from Monday to determine the cause of the incident
Our thoughts are with the injured firefighters and their families
We wish them a speedy recovery and their relatives a lot of strength in this difficult time."
Peter Matthews is the  conference director and editor-in-chief of Firehouse
serving in various roles on both Firehouse Magazine and  Firehouse.com staffs
 He completed an internship with the Rochester
 Fire Department and served with fire departments in Rush
 and was a lieutenant with the Glenwood Fire Company in Glenwood
Matthews  served as photographer for the St
27 (UPI) -- Former United States Men's National Team soccer coach Jurgen Klinsmann has been named the interim manager of German Bundesliga club Hertha Berlin
"It was an extremely difficult decision for us, because Ante has been part of Hertha BSC for more than 20 years," Preetz said <a href="https://www.herthabsc.de/en/teams/covic-leaves/page/1226--4-4-.html" target="_blank" target="_blank">in a news release</a>
"He has conducted himself with a lot of passion
expertise and meticulousness ever since he took over as head coach of the first team in the summer
The Bundesliga squad hired Covic in May to replace Pal Dardai
"The way we've been playing recently and the results have led to this decision," Covic said
"Since Hertha BSC is not just an employer to me
But I have always said that this club is more important than individuals
Hertha Berlin joined the Bundesliga for its inaugural season in 1963
Hertha Berlin was demoted out of Germany's top division after the 1964-1965 season
They returned to the top division in 1968 before being relegated once again in 1979-1980
The squad moved back and forth between divisions before most recently returning to the Bundesliga's top field after the 2012-2013 season
Klinsmann, 55, coached the U.S. men's team from 2011 through 2016, before being replaced by <a href="https://www.upi.com/topic/Bruce_Arena/" target="_blank" title="Bruce Arena" class="tpstyle">Bruce Arena</a>
Arena resigned in 2017 and was replaced by interim manager Dave Sarachan
Gregg Berhalter was named the team's coach in 2018
Klinsmann also coached Germany and Bayern Munich before assuming his role with the U.S
2020 (AFP) - Hertha Berlin snapped up a second striker within 24 hours by signing Brazil u-20 forward Matheus Cunha from Bundesliga rivals RB Leipzig on Friday
After recruiting Poland striker Krzysztof Piatek
from AC Milan on Thursday for a reported fee of 23 million euros ($25 million)
Hertha have shelled out a further transfer fee of around 18 million euros for the 20-year-old Cunha
"Matheus is a young player with enormous potential who has already demonstrated his skills," said Hertha manager Michael Preetz
"He can play up front in the middle or as a centre forward
which makes our attacking game more variable."
Cunha is not currently available while on national duty with the Brazilian Under-23 team at a qualifying tournament in Colombia for the Tokyo Olympics
"We wanted more quantity and quality in our attack - we succeeded in doing so with the transfers of Krzysztof Piatek and now Matheus Cunha," added Preetz
It has been a busy week of transfers for Hertha
Piatek is the second most expensive purchase in the club's history behind France Under-21 midfielder Lucas Tousart
who signed on Monday but was immediately returned to Olympique Lyon for the rest of the season
Hertha also signed Argentinian midfielder Santiago Ascacibar from VfB Stuttgart for 11 million euros during the winter break
Under ex-Germany and USA head coach Jurgen Klinsmann
Hertha are currently in mid-table in the Bundesliga
the Berlin club has ambitions of challenging for the German league title after teaming up with global investment company Tennor Holding in 2019
In the fourth of our series ‘Crisis Clubs’ examining the financial states of five European football teams
Raphael Honigstein digs into the numbers at Hertha Berlin
analyses how and why things have been so perilous for them
There’s still Lyon to come later this week — and even more insight via <a href="https://podfollow.com/athletic-football-pod" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">The Athletic Football Podcast</a>
The thing you have to understand about two-time German champions Hertha (1930 and 1931) is that their plight in the <a class="ath_autolink" data-id="22" href="https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/football/bundesliga/">Bundesliga</a>’s second division is just the latest instalment of misery; a fitting complement to decades of controversies
For as long as any of their supporters can remember
the odd decent spell has only ever been a short-lived prelude to more pain in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin the club call home
Hertha have always found new — yet at the same time familiar — ways to fail
In the inaugural Bundesliga season 61 years ago
the club known as “The Old Dame” barely avoided relegation
and they only did so because they had bribed a player from 1860 Munich
their opponents in the penultimate game of the season
Hertha were sent down to the second division by the German Football Association
having been caught paying illegal signing-on fees to players
The early 1970s saw some success, including reaching the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup (today’s <a class="ath_autolink" data-id="37" href="https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/football/europa-league/">Europa League</a>) but Hertha were caught up in a big match-rigging scandal that had far-reaching financial implications
Bundesliga in 1980 and then to the third division in 1986
they were back in the top flight for a single season but then spent six more years in 2
with as few as 3,000 people turning up to their home games in the 75,000-capacity Olympic Stadium
At the turn of the century, manager Jurgen Rober oversaw a golden era that culminated in a <a class="ath_autolink" data-id="7" href="https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/football/champions-league/">Champions League</a> campaign (1999-2000)
ripped up the dugouts and chased players into the dressing rooms
Berlin’s mayor Klaus Wowereit had called his city “poor
creatives and young companies to the German capital
Keen to partake in the hype and to discard their image as German football’s “Skandalnudel” — a tabloid term for D-list celebrities whose sole chance of attention is doing silly things — Hertha modelled themselves as a “start-up club” following their promotion back to the top division in 2013
would be just below that bracket in the “international competitions” rank
Bundesliga after another relegation last season
they are unlikely to hit even that pretty modest target over the next 13 months unless the German FA dreams up its own version of the old Anglo-Italian Cup competition for second-division sides like them
The last decade at Hertha has been a whirlwind of coach hirings and firings — <a class="ath_autolink" data-id="727" href="https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/football/team/germany/">Germany</a> playing great and former U.S
men’s national team manager Jurgen Klinsmann lasted 76 days in the middle of the 2019-20 season — allied with gambles in the transfer market
extraordinary levels of debt and changes of ownership
It has been far from plain sailing for a club named after a 19th-century steamboat
and there are potentially rocky waters still ahead
Hertha sold just under 10 per cent of the subsidiary company running the club to U.S
private equity firm KKR for €61million (now £53m; $66.6m)
The money was used to pay down existing debt and buy back assets such as marketing and catering rights that had been mortgaged in the past
Supporters held banners describing KKR as “locusts” looking to asset-strip but the Americans did not interfere with the sporting side
The firm’s time as a passive investor coincided with Hertha doing well on the pitch
club icon Pal Dardai led them to two Europa League qualifications and then 10th and 11th-place finishes in the following four seasons
If they really were to compete with blue-chip sides
they needed to build their own stadium for about €200million and leave their tenancy at the Olympiastadion
eerie relic from the Nazi Olympics in 1936 that remained half empty on most occasions
We win” — was supposed to attract more institutional money but KKR’s stake
which had since been raised to 36.3 per cent
In an attempt to make themselves more appealing to investors
they prematurely bought back KKR’s shares for €71million at the end of 2018
They raised the money by placing a €40m five-year bond with a 6.5 per cent coupon on the capital markets and mortgaging future income from hospitality
London-based financier Lars Windhorst entered the fray
He bought 37.5 per cent of the club for €125million and promised to transform them into a world-class side
like the clubs in London or Madrid,” Windhorst told German newspaper Der Spiegel
Windhorst explained that his investment was meant to be “extremely long-term and sustainable”
“for at least 10 years and maybe 20” and predicted that Hertha would soon be worth €1billion or more
They spent more than any other club in Europe in that January window under caretaker manager Klinsmann
who had replaced Ante Covic at the end of the November
it would have been better to be more careful (with our spending) that winter,” Preetz said in a recent documentary by German public broadcaster RBB
who won the 1990 World Cup as a player and took hosts Germany to the semi-finals 16 years later as manager
had worked as Windhorst’s advisor and represented his interests as a member of Hertha’s supervisory board
He called Hertha “Europe’s most exciting football project
a sleeping giant” and tried to raise spirits with his trademark adopted-Californian optimism
Results stabilised but just three months into his spell
Something like that has never happened in the Bundesliga before
a lack of character and cowardice,” Preetz said
nepotism and stodgy football – why Jurgen Klinsmann lasted only 76 days at Hertha
Klinsmann stoked rumours he had left because Preetz and chairman Werner Gegenbauer had not given him more power
“We couldn’t agree on the division of responsibilities,” said the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4484605/2023/05/10/tottenham-relegation-1998/">former Tottenham Hotspur striker</a>
Even Windhorst was miffed by Klinsmann’s sudden exit
“The way he left was unacceptable,” Windhorst said at a joint press conference with Gegenbauer and Preetz
when serious agreements between adults are in place.”
newspaper Sport-Bild reported Klinsmann had criticised the club for having “no culture of performance
only vested interests and a total lack of charisma in the leadership” in a leaked diary
Former assistant coach Alexander Nouri took over but he did not last long either
albeit through little fault of his own — all Bundesliga games were suspended because of the Covid-19 pandemic in mid-March
By the time games kicked off again two months later
Bruno Labbadia was appointed as their fourth coach of the season
but forward Salomon Kalou posting a video from the dressing room ahead of the season’s much-debated restart was the bigger story: the Ivorian filmed himself breaking social-distancing protocol and was then suspended following a public outcry
Labbadia eventually took them to a 10th-place finish but the combination of big spending on transfers and loss of income during the pandemic saw Hertha’s debts hit a record €141million at the end of that 2019-20 season
Windhorst was on hand to pledge a further €150m by the following October in return for 64 per cent of the club’s subsidiary company
Labbadia was fired halfway through the following season as Hertha fought against the drop once more
who took the brunt of the blame for their enduring struggles on the pitch
Dardai returned and saved the club from relegation once more
Hertha lost more money that season owing to the effects of the pandemic
but Schiller insisted everything would be fine
“The partnership (with Windhorst) puts us in a relatively comfortable position and keeps us stable,” he said
But income failed to keep up and Preetz’s successor Fredi Bobic found that Windhorst’s millions had effectively been spent
The former Germany forward embarked on a cost-cutting programme that brought in net transfer receipts of €30million in the summer of 2021 but signings such as Kevin-Prince Boateng and Stefan Jovetic failed to lift the club out of the Bundesliga’s bottom half
the following March after taking nine points from 14 games
Veteran firefighter Felix Magath came in to douse the flames and Hertha just about scraped through
thanks to a 2-1 aggregate win over Hamburg in the promotion/relegation play-off
The tussle for control behind the scenes meanwhile descended into open civil war
Windhorst said he regretted investing in Hertha and declared he would stop cooperating with Gegenbauer
The septuagenarian then resigned before the vote
one of the main architects of Hertha’s house of credit cards
The UK’s Financial Times later reported that Windhorst had hired an Israeli company to spy on Gegenbauer and orchestrate a social media campaign against him
but an internal review by Hertha found “sufficient evidence” of the ploy
New chairman Kay Bernstein, a former Hertha ultra, promised to “detoxify” the club but things only got worse on the pitch. Bobic was sacked in January 2023 as Hertha were once more sucked into a fight for top-flight survival. Coach <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5134237/2023/12/13/red-bulls-hire-sandro-schwarz-mls/">Sandro Schwarz</a> followed Bobic out of the door in April
He was replaced by — you guessed it — Dardai
who became the club’s ninth manager in four seasons
after years of risky financial dealing and infighting
heading in different directions — as Bobic pays the price
Last November, Windhorst agreed to sell his stake, 64.7 per cent, to 777 Partners. The Miami-based group — <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5001473/2023/10/27/everton-777-takeover-explained/">also now trying to buy troubled Premier League club Everton</a> — then raised its equity in the subsidiary company to 78.8 per cent and invested €100million in the club
we saw how seemingly desperate Windhorst was to exit the club when the Financial Times reported that he told a London court 777 had agreed to pay only €15million up front and that he could not remember how much money he had actually received at that point
Windhorst said he had sold Hertha for €65m
offset against a €50m loan via a 777 company
and was in line for a bonus payment of €35m if Hertha won the Bundesliga — yes
you read that correctly; if they finished top of a division from which they had just been relegated
there were indications the Bundesliga might not license their participation in the second division for 2023-24 because they could not show sufficient funds to be sure of finishing the campaign
They were unable to pay back the €40m bond from years earlier
and had to negotiate a two-year extension with their creditors to receive the all-clear from the footballing authorities
Following another fire sale of players in the summer
Hertha have reduced their budget for the first team from €80million to €30m this season but they will once again lose money — €64m by their own estimate
their reliance on cash injections from 777 will only increase in the next few years
and the building of that new stadium remains a pipe dream
Hertha is only one of 777’s football interests, however. The group bought Italy’s Genoa in September 2021, Brazilian side Vasco da Gama the following February, <a class="ath_autolink" data-id="774" href="https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/football/team/belgium/">Belgium</a>’s Standard Liege in the March
Red Star of Paris the next month and secured minority investment in Australian club Melbourne Victory last October
As its proposed takeover of <a class="ath_autolink" data-id="677" href="https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/football/team/everton/">Everton</a> rumbles on
questions about how much money 777 has and where it comes from are being assessed during the approvals process
The group claims to manage more than £10billion in assets and <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5001473/2023/10/27/everton-777-takeover-explained/">insists the money to buy Everton is coming from an existing pot,</a> although U.S
debt provider A-Cap “is one of multiple lenders to 777 Partners and its portfolio of companies”
Whether Bernstein is the right man to revive this terminally-stricken old dame is also doubtful
But at least he is not living in the fantasy world of wishful thinking that many of the club’s previous hierarchy had blissfully occupied
Bernstein has proclaimed an “end of the delusions of grandeur” and vowed to turn the club around by embarking on a much more humble “Berlin way”
with the help of youth players and a new leadership team with established links to Hertha
After spending money like there was no tomorrow
this supposed “big-city club” are destined to be small fry for years to come
(Top photos: Getty Images; design: Sam Richardson)
Munich-born Raphael Honigstein has lived in London since 1993. He writes about German football and the Premier League. Follow Raphael on Twitter <a target="_blank" aria-label="Follow Raphael on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/honigstein" rel="noopener noreferrer">@honigstein</a>
The former Germany and United States coach said in a statement on Facebook that he &#39;&#39;cannot live up to my potential as coach and therefore cannot live up to my responsibility&#39;&#39; without the trust from people at the club
I came to the conclusion to make my position as coach of Hertha available and return to my original long-term task as a supervisory board member,&#39;&#39; Klinsmann wrote
Much was expected of Klinsmann when he was appointed coach on Nov
He was supposed to deliver on the promise provided by a $250 million investment from new backer Lars Windhorst and lead Hertha up the standings toward the European qualification places
But the team is still fighting off relegation
Klinsmann&#39;s decision to quit caught Hertha by surprise
with the players and general manager Michael Preetz only finding out on Tuesday morning before he made the announcement on Facebook
&#39;&#39;The coach came into the changing room
We thought it would be about the analysis of the last game
And then he told us,&#39;&#39; Hertha midfielder Marko Grujic said after training
&#39;&#39;We were completely surprised.&#39;&#39;
Preetz suggested the decision came as a shock
&#39;&#39;especially after the trustful cooperation regarding decisions over personnel in the winter transfer period
We will inform of further developments at the appropriate time.&#39;&#39;
Assistant coach Alexander Nouri was set to take temporary charge of the team
Klinsmann later told German mass daily Bild that he wanted a bigger role at Hertha with responsibility for transfers - a job currently carried out by Preetz as general manager
&#39;&#39;In my understanding a coach should bear all responsibility for sporting matters
That gives the position much more power,&#39;&#39; Klinsmann said
The 55-year-old said stepping down was not a spontaneous decision
&#39;&#39;In the past few days we received clear reactions and indications that the situation is not getting any better
but worsening,&#39;&#39; Klinsmann told Bild
Hertha was in 15th place in the 18-team Bundesliga when Klinsmann took over from Ante Covic
Hertha managed only three wins in nine league games under Klinsmann and Saturday&#39;s 3-1 loss at home to Mainz left it just six points above the relegation zone - four days after it was knocked out of the German Cup in extra time at Schalke
Klinsmann called Hertha a &#39;&#39;sleeping giant.&#39;&#39; He was consulted on player signings as Hertha made its first splash on the transfer market following Windhorst&#39;s investment
Santiago Ascacibar from Stuttgart and Lucas Tousart from Lyon
as its transfer spending in January reached an estimated 76 million euros ($83 million)
&#39;&#39;I learned of the decision yesterday,&#39;&#39; Windhorst said
&#39;&#39;I very much regret this step from Jurgen Klinsmann.&#39;&#39;
Klinsmann had a long association with Hertha through his father Siegfried
who was from Eberswalde near Berlin and was a fan
who was a reserve goalkeeper for Hertha from 2017 until last year when he moved to Swiss club St
Klinsmann enjoyed a glittering career as a prolific striker for clubs in Germany
He won the World Cup and European Championship
His coaching career began with Germany in 2004 and he had mixed fortunes coaching Bayern Munich before taking over the U.S
Klinsmann told news agency dpa on Monday that he was happy working with Windhorst
&#39;&#39;I met him for 10 minutes in a bank ..
We didn&#39;t know each other at the time,&#39;&#39; Klinsmann said
`I need you at my side because I don&#39;t know the ropes in football
You tell me if I&#39;m doing right or wrong.&#39;&#39;&#39;
<a data-mm-click-analytics="true" data-vars-action="click" data-vars-label="https://www.si.com/author/associated-press" data-vars-category="default category" data-vars-type="click" href="https://www.si.com/author/associated-press">ASSOCIATED PRESS</a>
On 21 October 2023, Dr Rainer Zacharias, historian and Evangelical theologian, passed away in Preetz near Kiel after a period of severe illness.
Dr Zacharias was born in Malbork on 14 April 1935, and spent his early childhood in the Old Town, where his father Curt had a dental practice at 20 Wysokie Podcienia Street. In his own words, the sight of that tenement, the window open ajar with the curtain billowing in the wind, his mother waiting for him and his brothers to come home as they are late from playing with friends, was forever etched in his memory.
Dr Zacharias visited Malbork and our museum frequently, and his visits were always met with great interest and a warm welcome.
75 years on, Ryle Dwyer examines the German spy landings that rocked the Dingle Peninsula and the British secret service.
the arrival of two German spies on the Dingle Penninsula — within a fortnight of each other in June 1940 — sparked enormous security concerns
Walter Simon was seen coming ashore not far from Dingle and burying his radio transmitter on a beach in the early morning of June 13
Then he walked toward Dingle on a railway line and asked some people what time the next train was due
It was 14 fourteen years since the last passenger train had run on the line
Nelligan invited him for a drink in a local pub
where Simon consumed three glasses of whiskey and bought a full bottle of whiskey
he proceeded to drink from the bottle and even offered the whiskey to other passengers
He was clearly drunk when the bus dropped him at the railway station in Tralee
He immediately attracted the attention of two Garda detectives
as part of a widespread search of the Dingle Peninsula for the mysterious stranger
they accompanied him and engaged him in conversation
He said he had been visiting his sister-in-law in Annascaul but got into an argument with her during the night and had decided to return to his family in Dublin
One of the detectives telephoned Garda headquarters during a scheduled stop to warn of their suspicions
Simon was arrested on stepping off the train at Kingsbridge (now Heuston) Station
but he was quickly identified as Walter Simon when the gardaí checked his fingerprints with the British
He had been deported from Britain in July 1938
Simon was convicted of illegal entry and sentenced to three years in jail at the Central Criminal Court on July 8
The other German spy dropped off from a U-boat was Willi Preetz
who came ashore near Minard 12 days after Simon
He managed to remain at large until late August
he transmitted some weather messages to Germany
Although foreigners usually attracted attention in Ireland
He had married Sarah Reynolds of Tuam in Germany in 1935
and had visited the Reynolds family in 1937 and again in 1938
The Reynolds family vouched that Preetz had returned to Ireland before the outbreak of the war
He slipped out of country in December 1939 and managed to return to Germany
After being trained in the use radio equipment
Preetz returned to Ireland by U-boat on June 25
with the aim of sending weather information
He buried his radio transmitter on the beach near Minard after landing
He returned to recover the transmitter a couple of weeks later
and began transmitting weather data to Germany upon his return to Dublin
He did not bother to buy any weather instruments
but merely took note of barometer readings in shop windows
He seemed more interested in partying than anything else
He did not endear himself to his wife’s family when he got her teenage sister Annie “into trouble”
The British media seemed ready to believe any story about U-boats off the southwest coast
especially after the U-35 landed 28 Greek sailors at Ventry on October 4
The U-35 had sunk their ship off the coast of England and had rescued the sailors after one of their lifeboat overturned
“Éire’s neutrality is rapidly becoming a farce,” Guy Liddell — the counter intelligence chief of Britain’s MI5 — noted in his organisation’s operational diary on October 12
“German sub sailed into Dingle for repairs.” There was no truth to that story
but such rumours were fuelled in the following days when Life
featured the U-35’s landing at Ventry as its cover story
“Frequent reports coming about submarine bases on the west coast of Éire,” Liddell noted on October 28
of a supposed U-boat base near the mouth of the Doonbeg River in Co Clare
“A submarine comes in three times a week and is camouflaged with a canvas screen,” Liddell recorded
a comic novel about a fictional character who supposedly supplied “Irish hams
and whiskey” to the crews of U-boats that supposedly called regularly at Dingle during the war
The fanciful rumours were fuelled by the landings of Simon and Preetz in June 1940
A Daily Mail correspondent reported that he heard stories in the remote bogs of Kerry about local fraternisation with U-boat crews that “would make any Briton’s hair stand on end.”
He did not suggest the U-boats were surfacing in bog holes
but that seemed to have been the implication
He added that he was shown a pub in Dingle where a U-boat captain proposed a toast to the downfall of John Bull
a man told him that a U-boat called regularly at a jetty on one of the islands to purchase fresh eggs and vegetables
Maggie,” the submarine commander used to shout
The gullible journalist may have been paying for drink for his local informants
reported that they saw a man coming ashore from a boat near Inch Strand at 1am
“A thorough search of the peninsula from Dingle Bay to Tralee Bay was carried [out] on the 29th inst by 250 military accompanied by gardaí and local security forces,” said Garda Superintendent Michael Ó Laoghaire of Dingle
“but no trace of the man alleged to come ashore was found.”
Supt Ó Laoghaire believed the mystery man was either Michael Kennedy
who were out snaring rabbits on Inch Island that night
They were actually being interviewed by a garda sergeant as they were going home with their catch at 6.30am
After investigating the U-boat stories for his book In Time of War
Robert Fisk wrote that Hugh Wren — an official coast-watcher who had served at various posts from Ballybunion to Dingle — dismissed the bulk of the U-boat stories
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Fr Paul Murphy leaves the Criminal Courts of Justice on Tuesday