The CEO and president of Carmel’s iconic Christkindlmarkt was forced out of her role by the nonprofit’s board of directors as drama surrounding the organization heats up “This decision is a result of numerous factors it has become abundantly clear to me that this board does not want me in this role as a high functioning visionary CEO for the organization,” Maria Adele Rosenfeld wrote in her letter of resignation obtained by IndyStar Rosenfeld’s resignation is effective Wednesday according to a news release sent out by Carmel Christkindlmarkt Inc Rosenfeld was the founding CEO of the organization which began under then-Carmel Mayor Jim Brainard in 2017 All of the current board of directors for Carmel Christkindlmarkt Inc The new mayor took office at the start of 2024 after Brainard had been at the helm for nearly 30 years There has been friction between the city and the Christkindlmarkt since last fall Previous coverage: Carmel committee probes Christkindlmarkt salaries, pushes for less reliance on city dollars Finkam has said she is trying to protect taxpayer dollars and pushing for the market to rely less on the city for its operational costs "The goal of the Affiliate Review Committee is clear: deliver greater accountability and transparency and ensure tax dollars are redirected to vital city services," Finkam said in a statement to IndyStar in response to questions stemming from Rosenfeld's letter of resignation "We will continue working with the City Council and community leaders to ensure all affiliated nonprofits operate with the highest standards We wish Maria all the best as we move forward continuing this beloved holiday tradition.” the market attracted national and international recognition and she spearheaded initiatives to make Carmel’s Christkindlmarkt one of the most authentic in the country “It is impossible to put into words how much the last eight years have meant to me,” Rosenfeld wrote in her resignation letter “I have worked alongside such talented coworkers Rosenfeld was “excluded from key decisions involving the market” and “prevented from speaking on behalf of the market in situations in which the voice of the CEO is paramount,” she wrote in her letter of resignation She cited being excluded from discussions about the termination of the nonprofit’s board members last fall as an example Rosenfeld also wrote that she was excluded from the board meeting in which the organization and city reached a new operating agreement last October and that her concerns about a new operating agreement with the city this year were disregarded The former president and CEO also wrote that she was told by Carmel Christkindlmarkt Inc board Chair Maddie Augustus that she wasn’t allowed to speak at an April 16 Affiliate Review Committee meeting the committee was shown a presentation put together by an outside consultant brought in by the city The presentation included information on pay raises and salaries for market employees including that Rosenfeld was compensated almost $300,000 for a 10-month period “I could have addressed many of the concerns that were raised in the review with the committee but I was expressly prohibited from doing so,” Rosenfeld wrote in her letter Previous coverage: 'Blindsided': Carmel facing backlash for changes to nonprofit behind Christkindlmarkt Rosenfeld is not the only Christkindlmarkt employee to feel their side of the story has not been shared with the city’s Affiliate Review Committee “At the Affiliate Review Committee last night there was a lot of talk about the money,” Hannah Kiefer wrote in a letter to the committee earlier this month “There was not as much talk about what that money is used for .. a big piece missing from the conversation was what (Carmel Christkindlmarkt) employees and contractors actually do."   Kiefer was the market's vice president of communications before resigning earlier this year and working as a contractor for the organization Kiefer will no longer be working as a contractor for the market Rosenfeld also raised concerns about the independence of the Carmel Christkindlmarkt board works at the same firm as Marilee Springer who is the outside legal consultant the city brought in to present information to the Affiliate Review Committee Rosenfeld also noted out that Zac Jackson, the city’s chief financial officer is a member of the Carmel Christkindlmarkt board Her letter said it was clear she needed to step down when none of the board members spoke up at the most recent Affiliate Review Committee meeting “Even though all the members of the CCI board were present at the meeting no one stepped up to advocate for the market or our staff nor did any board members seek to address the concerns that were raised by the city,” Rosenfeld wrote Rosenfeld’s departure and the Christkindlmarkt may be discussed at an Affiliate Review Committee meeting Thursday at 5 p.m the topic is expected to be discussed at a city council meeting May 5 The Christkindlmarkt board has begun planning the search process for Rosenfeld’s replacement according to the news release from the organization Finkam and the city are now facing a lawsuit filed by McDermott McDermott is a longtime resident of Carmel with nearly 40 years of financial professional experience working for multiple nonprofit organizations She was appointed to the Christkindlmarkt board by Finkam in January 2024 McDermott claims in the lawsuit that following her resignation from the board “Finkam and Carmel almost immediately embarked on a systematic effort to willfully and/or intentionally make false and defamatory statements regarding McDermott’s professional reputation in an attempt to justify Finkam’s own actions."   Previous coverage: Carmel Christkindlmarkt operated at a loss in 2024 as it decreases its reliance on city dollars The lawsuit also states that in her role as board chair, McDermott provided the city with the market’s financial information in a timely manner upon request.  “Just four days following McDermott’s voluntary resignation from the CCI Board, Finkam took the podium at a Carmel City Council meeting and publicly and falsely accused McDermott of delaying and withholding (Carmel Christkindlmarkt Inc.) financial information from Carmel,” the lawsuit reads.   The city declined to comment on the lawsuit while it is pending.   “I am hopeful that this lawsuit will finally prompt the disclosure of the truth regarding the City’s actions and false statements,” McDermott said in a statement to IndyStar. “Our elected officials need to be truthful in their statements and motivations and need to be called out when their false statements are aimed at and harm citizens.”  Contact Jake Allen at jake.allen@indystar.com. Follow him on X, formerly Twitter, @Jake_Allen19. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin / Andres Kilger / Art Resource The first time I saw Monk by the Sea (1808–10) was in Intro to Art History at Duke University in the spring of 1986 Tough to say how good a slide Professor Walter Melion had when he projected it on the screen in the East Duke building lecture hall—until recently it was still difficult to get a good image of it I now realize that it is because it is largely unreproducible But the picture’s importance first entered my consciousness in Professor Claude Cernuschi’s twentieth century criticism class when I bought Robert Rosenblum’s Modern Painting and the Northern Romantic Tradition: Friedrich to Rothko (1975) There it was on the cover—or at least a vertical detail—pretty off in its color The black sans serif title floated to the top above the clouds giving the image the space that is its subject My eagerness was too evident—the first time I had lunch with him after a class I offered to sit in on both of his seminars the next term even though I had other required classes I needed to take: he asked if I would also do his taxes Rosenblum’s canonical text elevated non-French nineteenth-century art expanding our understanding of postwar abstraction like The Catcher in the Rye and The Friends of Eddie Coyle if I said I have read it four times I would be low despite the entertaining efforts of a woman named Doro who taught it to us budding art historians at the IFA in the 1990s I stuck with my original plan and specialized in British art But Friedrich’s enticing painting ranked high on my aesthetic bucket list The artist’s works were unfamiliar in America with only one in a public collection until 1990 when Rosenblum collaborated on an exhibition of works from Russian collections in the Met’s Lehman wing This was followed four years later by a show at the Met of loans from the Oskar Reinhart Foundation including the magical Chalk Cliffs on Rügen (1818–19) I saw an exhibition of German paintings from Dresden By then there were four in US institutions But up to that point the Monk had not traveled when my family went to Germany for the first time March 21: visiting the Nationalgalerie with my daughter then aged eleven (having exhausted my wife and seven-year-old son at the Neues Museum and Pergamonmuseum We poked around the nineteenth-century collection: a suite of Nazarene pictures then Biedermeier works by Hummel and Gaertner—the bread-and-butter material one needed to study for Rosenblum’s Ph.D And then we slipped into the Romanticism section excitedly telling her that in the next room are two of the greatest works of the Western canon: Friedrich’s Monk and Abbey in the Oak Wood (1809–10) and a table with a note on it that informed the once-in-a-lifetime visitor that both pictures were in the conservation studio And the sad realization that I would be thwarted in my quest cut my spirit dutifully processed through the spectacular parade of Schinkel Two hours later we were at the bar/restaurant Gagarin—dedicated to cosmonauts in Prenzlauer Berg—trading the celestial for our thwarted brush with the spiritual with insufficient quality slides illustrating Friedrich’s Rückenfigur concept and that drawback of all art history professors: the inability to convey the requisite enthusiasm for a work in front of a classroom of drowsy students plunged into darkness and staring at a projection on a screen because one has not actually confronted the work direct In the absence of a plausible or economical reason to return to Germany I would have to wait for the Monk to come to me Thanks to the diligent deliberations and tremendous tradecraft between curators Alison Hokanson and Joanna Sheers Seidenstein; their team of art professionals and diplomats at the Metropolitan Museum of Art; and their counterparts at the Nationalgalerie Staatliche Museen zu Berlin; other institutions; and who knows how many German and American embedded assets and clandestine personnel; the picture is in America for the first time One aspect in the favor of the show that helped tip the balance was that this is the 251st anniversary of the artist’s birth last year was the year of Friedrich in Germany with a spate of shows that if not occasioning Friedrich fatigue in the nation at least put so many works on view and gave him so much exposure that it rendered a limited but the Monk was sent across the pond as an emissary accompanied by other masterpieces that rarely leave their home institutions or venture beyond the borders of Deutschland including fan favorites such as the operatic image of masculine overlook Woman before the Rising or Setting Sun (ca The Monk is the first picture in the installation that gets a long vista and its own wall in the third section of the display titled “Nature and Faith.” It follows a suite of intense early drawings and prints and Friedrich’s initial forays with oil paint in around 1807 presents itself as a singularly imaginative vision The earlier arboreal or misty settings and picturesque and placid ink wash coastal views can hardly prepare you for this over five-and-a-half foot wide and three-and-a-half foot tall leap into the sublime void of faith The radical nature of the composition has long been commented on: the horizon sits at a ratio of around one-to-five in height The slightness of the collective land and sea mass reminds me of the final scene in Steven Spielberg’s cinematic bildungsroman in which the aspiring young director bludgeons his way into John Ford’s office and the Hollywood Golden Age director played in a star turn by a very game David Lynch A cigar-chomping Ford asks him what he knows about art and then commands him to examine a painting on the wall by Frederic Remington Friedrich appears to have got the message long ago drawing on the tradition of low horizons in Dutch Baroque landscapes but tweaking the formula by gradually eliminating the middle ground from his pictures lowering the horizon as in the early and large ink and wash Eastern Coast of Rügen with Shepherd (1805–06) and then replacing all those figures in his early sketchbooks shown frontally and in poses associated with melancholy such as Wanderer at a Milestone (1802) or the woodcut Woman with a Spiderweb (1803) or companionship in Friends beneath a Tree of 1801 By 1809 he flipped the figure and the sentiment—inserting Rückenfiguren as stand-ins for the viewer’s own experience of the depicted setting All this was not wholly his own invention—just look at Vermeer’s famed View of Delft from the Mauritshuis of ca 1659–61 (a picture he could not have known) The curators anachronistically but satisfyingly refer to the aforementioned Eastern Coast of Rügen with Shepherd as having a “minimalist composition.” Despite retaining the figure facing us and leaning on staff or crook in thought it is the sheer expanse of nearly unvariegated sky above that startles Caspar David Friedrich added dramatic clouds and lighting to the sky turned the figure nearly all the way around edited out three ships originally along the horizon and landed on a composition that ranks as one of the great pieces of design in Western art history along with the likes of Michelangelo’s Creation of Adam (ca You can even stretch it to Kusama’s “Infinity Mirror Rooms.” But the picture is not only radical because of its focus on the intimacy of a new spirituality in the crush of the Napoleonic wars and its introduction of the everyperson Rückenfigur We in New York have been privileged to be living with it for the past three weeks And what is clear is that this is the picture that changed the way we think about looking at people looking at pictures On the second floor of the museum is Louis Léopold Boilly’s The Public Viewing David’s “Coronation” at the Louvre painted the same year Friedrich finished the Monk But this was a picture for narcissist Napoleonic France celebrating David’s epic painting of people in attendance six years earlier at the Emperor’s most narcissistic act—Napoleon ignoring the pope and crowning himself and then his queen Boilly showed the crowd viewing this painting not the solitary mediator—that was for those living under the French yoke as Friedrich was But the practice of looking at art was to become universal He is a Capuchin by his brown tunic (although Friedrich confusingly called him “a man … walking … in a black robe”): a Catholic Franciscan He stands on the highest point of a bank of sand colored a kind of putty with tufts of vegetation—like those curious passages of light-colored Arretine landscape in the background of Piero della Francesca’s pictures The sea is the darkest part of the painting The recent cleaning has made more visible the three boats the artist sagely painted out: one at left and two at the right The leftmost boats’ masts lean towards the right He also eliminated a low fence to the right of the monk and along the edge of the dune with fishing nets hung up to dry—too mundane a detail for a picture about the expanse There are definitely thirteen birds in the image with possibly one more conflated with a whitecap All have taken wing and soar to the upper right corner except for one gull taking off from the sands at foot level and to the left of the monk Of course they are all white birds—fluttering spirits in wartime Here is the sea as a place of malice and threat It is not the concept of the sea as a place of bathing and recreation that would evolve later in the century It is more related to the way Iris Murdoch characterized her similarly northern Europe body of water in The Sea The Sea (1978)—a largely inhospitable cold aqueous realm that reflected the narrator’s psychological state Yet directly above the monk’s head the clouds open into a gap revealing light tones and white puffy cumulus clouds recalling the heavenly ascent of the soul of Count Orgaz in El Greco’s grand sepulchral painting in Toledo especially with the deletion of the lower-left to upper-right leaning ships also reflected in the diagonal trajectory of the middle range of gray clouds and the flight of the birds This is just as in the lower left to upper right flow of rock and trees and mist in Morning Mist in the Mountains (probably 1807–08): the natural movements of the brush of the right-handed artist But by eliminating the ships Friedrich also accentuated the grid of the horizontals and drew more importance to the single monk: the painter demands you stand in line with the figure so that the picture The German artist who seems most to have understood the modern vision of Friedrich is Thomas Struth with the viewers of Struth’s self-same photographs as displayed in galleries or museums the series renders visible our culture’s quest for the spiritual in art and in the photographer’s rendering of that act for all time through the lens Juley’s photo of Barnett Newman and an unidentified woman in front of the Abstract Expressionist’s Cathedra in Newman’s studio in 1958 There are three cuts in the walls within the show that provide seating and a respite for the foot-weary museumgoer but also brilliantly allow additional vistas into the galleries and the hang they permit the visitor to see from behind visitors on the benches looking at standing visitors looking at the art and a self-reflexive impulse evident in Boilly’s picture and since and sublime elements of Friedrich’s Monk by the Sea elevate it above the rest of the artist’s productions as a landscape of its fraught moment But the way it entices us to enter a form of mediation before it to move back and watch others assume our spot and to inch us closer to an understanding of the natural world as well as the rarefied realm of aesthetic contemplation Accompanying soundtrack for Monk by the Sea:Led Zeppelin This essay is dedicated to Walter Robinson (1950–2025) an aesthetically voracious consumer of art who loved watching people looking at works But he would not have cared one bit about the curation Jason Rosenfeld Ph.D., is Distinguished Chair and Professor of Art History at Marymount Manhattan College. He was co-curator of the exhibitions John Everett Millais (Tate Britain, Van Gogh Museum), Pre-Raphaelites: Victorian Avant-Garde (Tate Britain and the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.), and River Crossings (Olana and Cedar Grove, Hudson and Catskill, New York). He is a Senior Writer and Editor-at-Large for the Brooklyn Rail.  Home Link IconCopy linkFacebook LogoShare on FacebookXShare on XEmailShare via EmailLink copied to clipboardRichard J has died at 84 His shows drew hundreds of visitors and featured the work of dozens of creators including former Inquirer artists Tony Auth and Signe Wilkinson Richard J. Rosenfeld, 84, formerly of Philadelphia, artist, longtime co-owner of the Rosenfeld Art Gallery in Old City of heart failure at a rehabilitation center in Gainesville opened their 2,400-square-foot gallery at 113 Arch St He promoted the refurbished loft as a dynamic alternative to the older Center City galleries and labeled it a “destination” for discerning art and jewelry collectors He championed local artists from day one and displayed and several of his clients stayed with him for decades Wilkinson called him “the tentpole for gathering and displaying contemporary Philadelphia artists.” He helped establish a local art dealers association and galleries flourished in Old City in the 1970s and ’80s He supported better resale royalty rules for artists and served as a volunteer auctioneer at fundraisers and a judge for art competitions studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts But he said he found greater satisfaction as a gallery owner and artist advocate and support they have shown to countless artists is beyond compare but I really didn’t have any inner drive to create my own imagery,” he told The Inquirer in 1994 “I later found I enjoyed being around art and promoting it He was especially adept at mentoring young artists “I vicariously enjoy seeing their development,” he said in 1994 “Becoming an art dealer was a nice change for me I’m still very close to the creative process but from a different angle.” Rosenfeld embraced Old City’s First Friday promotional campaign and sold original cartoons and paintings every summer at his eclectic “Fantasy and Humor Show.” he hosted a benefit for the Philadelphia Zoo called “Noah’s Art: A Loving Tribute to Our Fellow Voyagers.” It featured the zoo’s white lion cub and other animals mingling with guests at the gallery » READ MORE: Mr. Rosenfeld confronts the vanishing Philadelphia art gallery he hosted 88-year-old commercial artist Joseph Teller’s only solo show he sponsored an artist-made holiday ornament contest to benefit an AIDS nonprofit and former Inquirer art critic Victoria Donohoe said in 1976 that his magnetic personality defined his “readiness for a tradition-oriented project of this kind in a ‘new’ neighborhood.” He and his wife appeared often in The Inquirer and other publications Street in a 2000 op-ed about inadequate city funding for the arts the Daily News described the Rosenfeld Gallery as “long and elegant with warm wooden floors and classical music adding to the ambiance.” He never charged families to stage weddings or nonprofits to hold fundraisers in the space he and his wife ran the gallery from their home in Huntingdon Valley he worked at the Langman Gallery in Wyncote and Jenkintown “He mentored and encouraged so many through their careers,” his family said “and in doing so helped shape the cultural life of the city.” Richard Joel Rosenfeld was born May 31 He graduated from Central High School and earned a bachelor’s degree in fine arts from the University of Pennsylvania in 1962 and a master’s degree in fine arts from the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn in 1964 he met Barbara Thornberry at the Langman Gallery and Lafayette Hill before moving to Gainesville in 2015 and he followed the Phillies and knew their statistics by heart when he passed a Little League game to watch a few batters take their swings He studied psychoanalysis at the Psychoanalytic Center of Philadelphia in 2003 He doted on his granddaughters and told jokes every single day “He had a curiosity about life,” his wife said Caring and funny are the two words for him.” Rosenfeld is survived by five granddaughters email RichardRosenfeldremembered@gmail.com Donations in his name may be made to the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts Mike Collins (R-GA) speaks before Republican presidential nominee President Donald Trump during a campaign rally at the Cobb Energy Performing Arts Centre in Atlanta said Friday that the replacement of a Steak ’n Shake at a congressional food court with an Asian restaurant serving halal cuisine was “equivalent to the Muslim conquest of Jerusalem in the 7th century.” Collins appeared to be responding to an email announcing the opening of CHA Street Food a northern Virginia restaurant known for their Zinger Burger and Chicken Tikka Roll in the cafeteria of a House of Representatives office building a national fast food chain owned by Sardar Biglari Collins compared the change to the Muslim army’s conquest of Jerusalem when it was home to the Byzantines; the campaign cemented Arab control over Palestine until the First Crusade, nearly 500 years later. Many Christian nationalists have a strong interest in the Crusades and Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth’s “Deus Vult” tattoo — a Crusader-era slogan associated with the contemporary far right — generated controversy during his confirmation hearings While Collins, who runs his own account on X enjoys cultivating an irreverent presence on social media he has previously come under fire for offensive posts Last year, he endorsed an antisemitic post on X attacking Washington Post reporter Maura Judkis for being Jewish and refused to apologize “Y’all just see stuff that ain’t there,” Collins said at the time He also criticized pro-Palestinian campus protests, and boasted that there weren’t tent encampments in southern states because law enforcement had “tazers set to stun” alongside video of police at Emory University firing a taser at a handcuffed protester Collins’ X account was briefly suspended after he said that an undocumented immigrant arrested for assaulting a police officer should be thrown out of a helicopter; he has also referred to Black Lives Matter as “America’s primary communist front group.” The switch from Steak ’n Shake to CHA Street Food in the Rayburn building is part of a broader reshuffling of House office building eateries announced Friday, including the replacement of Dunkin’ with Starbucks, Subway with Jimmy John’s and Au Bon Pain with Panera. The changes come as Sodexo is replaced by Metz Culinary Management. Correction: A previous version of this article incorrectly stated that Steak ’n Shake was founded by Sardar Biglari. It was founded by Gus Belt in 1934 and Biglari purchased the company in 2008. Arno Rosenfeld is an investigative reporter at the Forward covering issues including antisemitism, philanthropy and sexual misconduct. You can reach him by email or message him securely on Signal using a non-work device at 202-677-5462. [email protected]arnorosenfeld.bsky.social I’d like to ask you to please support the Forward American Jews need independent news they can trust At a time when other newsrooms are closing or cutting back the Forward has removed its paywall and invested additional resources to report on the ground from Israel and around the U.S rising antisemitism and polarized discourse This is a great time to support independent Jewish journalism you rely on See our full guidelines for more information, and this guide for detail about canonical URLs subject line “republish,” with any questions or to let us know what stories you’re picking up Copyright © 2025 The Forward Association Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker While training for the New York City Marathon—her first full marathon—Madison Rosenfeld sometimes finds herself in bed for an extended time after a workout “Some days are good and others are bad,” she said But I try to remember that I have an incredible team of doctors Rosenfeld is a member of EndoFound’s Team EndoStrong for the Nov 3 race through the city’s five boroughs EndoFound has been a New York City Marathon charity partner for a decade and this is the second year it’s been classified as a bronze-level foundation by New York Road Runners The goal is for the team’s 50 runners to raise a total of $250,000 Click Here To Support Madison Rosenfeld's Marathon Fundraiser “I started running half marathons two years ago and thought if I can do a half I can definitely do a full,” Rosenfeld said “And I’m going to do it while also raising awareness for endometriosis.” has lived on Long Island for the past year and a half She loved to run in Florida and said she was “incredibly healthy” until one day just before she turned 17 and I had the worst stomach pains of my life later that morning,” Rosenfeld said so I’d never called her to pick me up early you have to come and get me!’” Growing up in an ultra-conservative family her parents wouldn’t let her see an OBGYN claiming she was having normal period cramps that could be soothed with a heating pad and Advil she went on her own to Planned Parenthood for help and received a Depo-Provera shot “I just suffered through,” Rosenfeld said “I took ridiculous amounts of ibuprofen and missed out on a lot of college classes and parties because I couldn’t physically get out of bed A lot of things I wanted to do had to take a back seat because I couldn’t do them.” Rosenfeld saw an OBGYN for the first time at 21 in 2012 The doctor did several ultrasounds over a few months but came to no conclusions other than to keep Rosenfeld on Depo-Provera ‘It sounds like what Maddie is going through is endometriosis; that’s what I’ve had.’ Then my aunt told my mom she had it and then my stepmom told my dad she had it and my parents realized their daughter really was suffering and in pain.” Rosenfeld went to a new doctor who told her she likely had endometriosis but wouldn’t know for sure without surgery “I was stubborn and tried to push it off,” she said “I still had a lot of people in my life who insisted my periods were just uncomfortable and that I was being dramatic two instances changed Rosenfeld’s tune She used to be able to run a six-and-a-half-minute mile She also got sick regularly anytime she tried to eat anything “Except McDonald’s Chicken McNuggets,” she said honestly and with a laugh that was all I could keep down.” But not wanting to live on an all-McNugget diet she finally went in for her first endometriosis surgery “And I would have two more surgeries after that,” Rosenfeld said “I had another ablation seven years later in May of 2019 and the endometriosis came back more aggressively That one’s pretty much stuck—we’re hoping.” Rosenfeld expects another surgery is in her future given the symptoms she’s having from the “bad days” she expressed earlier “I talked to a doctor a couple of months ago who thinks I may need one soon “A year from now will have been five years since my last one All Rosenfeld wants to focus on now is the marathon she laughed like she did when she mentioned the Chicken McNuggets but was also just as serious “My goal is to beat Karlie Kloss’ time in honor of Taylor Swift,” she said a well-known fashion model who ran the 2017 New York City Marathon in 4:41:49 But Rosenfeld said the two had a falling-out years ago but I think I can do it in under four and a half hours,” Rosenfeld said “My coach projects me to finish in 4:12 I think she has more faith in me than I do but it will depend on the weather and some other factors.” Rosenfeld is happy to be running with Team EndoStrong and hopes she can inspire young women who are struggling like she did and feel they don’t have a voice “My advice is not to be afraid to advocate yourself,” Rosenfeld said “Listen to what your body is telling you and not what other people are telling you To donate to Madison Rosenfeld’s cause, visit https://give.endofound.org/fundraiser/5508713 Speech Therapist with Adenomyosis Running First NYC Marathon to Educate and Create Awareness After Endometriosis Complications Nearly Shut Down Her Body, Long Island Nurse Prepares to Run the NYC Marathon With every gift to the Endometriosis Foundation of America YOU help support our mission of increasing disease recognition and funding landmark endometriosis research Endometriosis Foundation is a registered 501(c)(3) non-profit organization as determined by the Internal Revenue Service under EIN 20-4904437 Gifts are tax-deductible to the extent allowed by law Connect with our staff on topics that matter to you via email or request a reprint Place classified and announcement notices or grow your business with advertising and marketing solutions Rabbi Avraham Yitzchok Rosenfeld, the Rav of Tzemach Tzedek Shul in Boro Park for close to 50 years, passed away Tuesday morning, the 25th of Adar, 5785. Full Story patriarch of a large Lubavitch family with children and grandchildren serving as Shluchim around the world a dedicated shochet and the longtime rov of Ahavas Achim Tzemach Tzedek in Boro Park Born in 5689 (1929) to Rabbi Chanoch Henoch HaKohen Rosenfeld and Mrs Rabbi Rosenfeld was among the first students to join the Central Tomchei Temimim Yeshiva when it was established in the United States by the Frierdiker Rebbe he became proficient in the intricate laws of shechita shortly after the passing of the Frierdiker Rebbe Rabbi Simpson was a devoted Mazkir of the Frierdiker Rebbe and served as the rov of Ahavas Achim Tzemach Tzedek in Boro Park Their wedding took place on 4 Tammuz of that year The following year after the Kabolas Hanesius on Yud Shevat 5711 the Rebbe came to the shul in Boro Park to be Sandek for his Bris of his oldest son Rabbi Rosenfeld moved in with his father-in-law with total devotion to assisting him in the running of the shul Upon Rabbi Simpson’s passing on the fifth night of Chanukah in 5737 (1977) he would Chazer a Mamar for the Shul’s Mispalelim Alongside his responsibilities at the shul Rabbi Rosenfeld also dedicated many years to serving as part of the Hanhala of the Central Tomchei Temimim Yeshiva and his children: Rabbi Yosef Rosenfeld (Tzfas Rabbi Shimon Ahron Rosenfeld (Crown Heights) Canada) and Rabbi Sholom Ber Rosenfeld (Zurich Sign up for the COLlive Daily News Roundup and never miss a story Δdocument.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()) Δdocument.getElementById("ak_js_2").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()) We must have The complete Geulah and Moshiach Right Now Already May his chashuvah family be proud of him during his lifetime of chesed and chasidishkite May they know of no more sorrow and me we all be lead out of the galus with the rebbe leading us !!! He was the Rashag’s driver for many years…once when the Rashag was in the hospital I did shifts taking care of the Rashag Once when the Rashag woke up he told me Ruf Rosenfeld zug em tzu mir brangen di bicher… it was Rabbi Rosenfeld who would drive the Rashag to Montclair NJ to visit Chana He was a true chosid from the frierdiker Rebbe and Rebbe Always had something positive to say… I will miss him dearly The Age of Choice: A History of Freedom in Modern Life is a sweeping history of the rise of personal choice from shopping to voting to family planning It explores how the simple act of selecting from a menu of options became equated with freedom in much of the modern world—and with what consequences for all of us SR: Intellectual historians often write about ideas that are heavily contested are those ideas or assumptions that are so widely shared and so ubiquitous that we don’t even talk about them much You could say I’m a historian of the taken-for-granted as I always want to explore where such ideas come from how they have evolved or faded or been replaced and what they have been useful for (and for whom) and why Choice—especially individualized choice—seemed like an especially good subject for this kind of analysis its advocates transcend the right-left divide it undergirds both modern democracy and modern consumer culture no one has really asked before: how did this happen But I also had personal reasons for being invested in thinking about individualized choice not least when the menu of options seems excessive (think of picking from a restaurant menu with hundreds of different dishes or trying to buy a mundane household item on amazon.com) Making selections in such circumstances has never felt to me like a pleasant form of freedom or even freedom at all And it turned out there is a whole literature by psychologists and other social scientists about how bad we actually are at picking according to our desires and even how it produces pernicious and largely unacknowledged social effects such as failures to think about the collective good This made me curious about whether a historian and especially one who was of two minds about choice herself could contribute anything to this conversation My hope is that my answers will interest historians but also anyone who is plagued with indecision when it comes to what to have for lunch or dinner How did you keep from writing the history of everything given the ubiquity of choice-making and even its centrality to human nature?  SR: It took me a while to figure out a strategy but I ultimately decided to pay attention to specific social practices that helped render personal choice-making operative and as if picking from menus was what humans were meant to be doing all along My hunch was that no one could have been convinced that having choices or getting to make them on an individual basis was the meaning of freedom unless there was an experiential dimension from the get-go So I decided to explore the emergence from the late seventeenth century onward of a host of new activities: first shopping and picking goods like patterned fabrics for self or home; second including which preacher to listen to and what books to read or the selection of one’s favorite passages and images to keep for posterity; third choosing a partner both for social dances and romantic entanglements; fourth the rise of the secret ballot as a new gold standard for political choice; and fifth and finally focused on understanding how choices are made I think there is as much to learn from looking at menus not to mention guide-books to various new forms of choosing as there is from reading philosophers like John Stuart Mill though ideally all of these sources need to be considered together to make sense of the rise of choice as the modern form of freedom especially the many that dramatize the making of choices and their psychological benefits and toll Why do you pay so much attention to women in the story that you tell SR: As early as the eighteenth century Commentators assumed such women made their selections based on little more than personal fancy and whim especially in the context of commercial culture This was a direct contrast to the tradition of morally righteous determinations exemplified by the great mythological male chooser Hercules Yet until quite recently (and arguably still) women were also afforded few opportunities and even fewer options all of them with more moral strictures than those available to men as the cultural power of individualized and largely value-neutral choice-making rose And it became a key demand of liberal feminism as is evident in recent debates about reproductive rights in the US and elsewhere I thought exploring that tension might help us see the pros and cons of our own way of thinking about freedom today At a moment when freedom is back as a political term—think of the Democratic Convention last summer—what can we see by looking to the history of choice?  helps each of us get what we want and simultaneously gives us status as fully autonomous to be treated as less than fully human and consequently to be un-free or oppressed That’s why advocating for personal choice has been a remarkably effective way of framing and even realizing liberation from abolitionism to voting rights movements There is no denying this function of choice and we have to careful about all attempts to restrict its purview often invisible rules; there is no such thing Not only do we feel its psychological pressure as I mentioned above; it also draws our focus away from other obstacles to autonomy (think of poor people being blamed for making “poor” choices when their options are always structurally limited) and at times it impedes our ability or even will to act collectively on things that matter to us all (think of combatting climate change The Democrats ran in the last presidential election on a freedom-as-choice message stressing both abortion rights and voting rights But neither they nor the Republicans have ever clarified when freedom is actually synonymous with choice and when it isn’t Exploring the history of choice makes it possible to imagine alternative framings going forward Annenberg Professor of History at the University of Pennsylvania She is the author of Democracy and Truth: A Short History and Common Sense: A Political History Her writing has also appeared in leading publications such as the New York Times Stay connected for new books and special offers Subscribe to receive a welcome discount for your next order.  50% off sitewide with code BLOOM50  |  April 28–May 31  |  Some exclusions apply. See our FAQ « Back By CTU Communications | March 7, 2025 | Take Action File under: Board member Ellen Rosenfeld chose to close our schools Her vote put our most vulnerable students and educators at risk She justified this drastic action by claiming CPS can’t afford to keep these schools open without cutting staff We cannot accept a narrative that forces us to choose between our children’s schools and our educators’ jobs – especially when the real problem is a lack of funding The truth is that CPS’s financial challenges are not due to having too many schools or teachers – it’s because our district has been systematically underfunded by the state According to Illinois’s own evidence-based funding formula That means the state is failing to provide Chicago’s students with almost a billion dollars in resources that they are owed Instead of using CPS’s budget woes as an excuse to slash and shutter Board members should be fighting to get our schools the funding they deserve They should be in Springfield demanding that $1 billion from the state not making our neighborhoods bear the brunt of budget shortfalls The bottom line: If CPS received full funding we wouldn’t be facing these terrible choices uphold her responsibility as a Board member and stop enabling the closure of schools that serve Latine Chicago Teachers Union affiliations include the Chicago Federation of Labor (CFL) the Illinois State Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations (ISFL-CIO) the American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) and the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) Harvard released two reports Tuesday that describe widely divergent views of campus life over the past two years with students on both sides of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict describing incidents of discrimination and alienation at the nation’s most prestigious university The highly anticipated report with findings from the school’s task force on combating antisemitism and anti-Israeli bias was released alongside a similar document on anti-Muslim Both reports described a polarized campus where students and faculty were afraid to voice their views about Israel and the war in Gaza But the culprits differed: The antisemitism task force blamed the student body’s increasingly hostile views toward Israel and an embrace of more strident and disruptive forms of activism for the painful sense of social isolation many Jewish students described “Jews are now being treated like Republicans were when I was in college,” a graduate student who had also attended Harvard as an undergraduate told the report’s authors the anti-Palestinian bias task force reported that many Arab and Muslim students and staff felt that school administrators and official policies were deeply biased against them many feel that no one in leadership cares about them — that they have been abandoned,” the report stated which were commissioned by Harvard President Alan Garber which is engaged in a fierce legal battle with the Trump administration over its handling of antisemitism on campus After federal officials sent Harvard a letter April 11 demanding that the school make a series of sweeping changes or face the loss of billions in government grants Garber announced that the university would fight the administration in court The White House has since suspended more than $2 billion in funds and threatened to revoke Harvard’s tax-exempt status But Garber and other Harvard leaders have walked a fine line by simultaneously agreeing that the school has a problem with antisemitism, and previously seeking to appease the Trump administration while still insisting that any change must come from within the university The report from the antisemitism task force said in a note to readers that “we are concerned that external parties will seek to compel adoption of some of our proposed reforms they will make it more difficult for Harvard to fix itself.” said he was optimistic that the report would “empower those in authority and give them whatever further evidence documentation or exhibits that they needed to take the action that we’re really The antisemitism task force said that many Jewish students felt that since the Israel-Hamas war broke out two years ago or the subject of political controversy” and they found themselves “on the wrong side of a political binary that provided no room for the complexity of history or current politics.” One student recounted being told that she needed to modify a story about her grandfather fleeing the Nazis to omit that he settled in British-mandate Palestine because it was “not tasteful.” “I asked ‘what is not tasteful?’” the student recalled and one of the event organizers “laughed in my face and said The report’s authors were careful not to make sweeping determinations about what was and wasn’t antisemitic — a frequent source of debate — and rather described their focus as “identity-based bias” that prevents Jews at Harvard from fully participating in campus life described people ending conversations with them after learning where they were from while other Jewish students said that they faced social consequences if they did not “condemn Israel to prove they were ‘one of the good ones.’” They described a dynamic in which allegations of antisemitism were dismissed by community members or left out of anti-discrimination training sessions on campus “There is an ideological effort underway to weaken the post-World War II social consensus that antisemitism is a form of bias that society should stigmatize and guard against,” the report stated But Arab and Muslim students — and others who identify as pro-Palestinian at Harvard — described a mirror opposite view of the issue in which claims of antisemitism are given special treatment by the administration while their own complaints are dismissed One student pointed to the billboard trucks hired by pro-Israel organizations to display the names faces and sometimes contact information of student protest leaders “There have been trucks driving around campus for months displaying the faces of Muslim students,” the student said “If there were antisemitic trucks driving around campus and planes flying over with antisemitic slogans I cannot help but believe Harvard would have done more to stop it.” And while the antisemitism report said faculty at some Harvard departments worried that their colleagues would not approve the hiring of a Zionist faculty member the anti-Palestinian task force report highlighted a faculty member who said they were afraid to express sympathy for Palestinians “because it could hurt my chances of obtaining tenure.” The two reports did not appear to directly reference one another although the antisemitism task force spoke with non-Jewish students — including Arab-Israeli students — and the anti-Palestinian task force spoke with Jews and other community members who were not Arab or Muslim but identified as pro-Palestinian a Jewish student at Harvard Divinity School said the choice to release the two reports as separate documents bothered her because it suggested a deeper division than actually existed on campus “A lot of us see ourselves as allies,” she said “A threat to any member of our community is a threat to the rest of us.” views of how the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has played out at Harvard pose a challenge for Garber who wrote in a letter accompanying the reports that “Harvard cannot — and will not — abide bigotry.” He pledged to work on implementing the task force recommendations including by “nurturing vibrant debate and open speech in ways that encourage everyone to express their ideas freely; preserving the right to protest and dissent while avoiding disruption ensuring that our disciplinary processes are fair said things have already improved at Harvard relative to the height of the protests and that he had confidence in Garber’s leadership Benyamin Cohen contributed reporting. After its closure rocked the resort town last fall Rosenfeld's Jewish Delicatessen is set to return to Ocean City The deli's original spot — a beach house-esque building on 63rd Street — closed permanently in the popular resort town on Sept The deli first opened in Ocean City on April 26 Owner Warren Rosenfeld spoke with Delmarva Now prior to the deli's closure and teased a bright future ahead for Rosenfeld's Jewish Deli ROSENFELD'S LOOKS AHEAD TO FUTURE: Rosenfeld's Jewish Deli looks back on past 11 years in Ocean City, and bright future ahead In an agreement with Trifecta Hospitality Group — the parent company of Shmagel’s Bagels — Rosenfeld’s Jewish Deli will be moving into the Shmagel’s Bagels 82nd Street location situated along Coastal Highway Shmagel’s Bagels creations and specialty coffees will continue to be available for purchase along with Rosenfeld's breakfast items and its entire lunch and dinner menu The deli's famous corned beef and pastrami and knishes straight out of Brooklyn will also make a return named Rosenfeld’s Jewish Deli Featuring Shmagel’s Bagels come TREAT YOUR BELLY on Coastal Highway at 82nd Street in OCMD to your Rosenfeld’s favorites We’re happy to be back," Rosenfeld's said online kosher-style deli originated in Ocean City it now spans across the states of Maryland and Delaware the deli operates three spots in total: one in Salisbury OCEAN CITY'S 2024 BUSINESS OPENINGS: Business is booming in Ocean City, Md.: Check out what restaurants, bars opened in 2024 SALISBURY'S 2024 BUSINESS OPENINGS: Businesses, restaurants that opened in Salisbury in 2024: Here's a look at what's new Olivia Minzola covers communities on the Lower Shore. Contact her with tips and story ideas at ominzola@delmarvanow.com A psychotherapist explores the nature of infidelity through a series of case studies The antics of cheating partners have been hooking audiences from the earliest days of storytelling to modern romcoms and hit podcasts by relationship experts Although Rosenfeld has been in practice for the last 15 years she starts by stating that none of the five affairs she dissects involve her own clients she placed an advert in various UK and US publications seeking people to interview “under strict anonymity for case studies in this underexplored aspect of behaviour” which range from a man who visits his mistress minutes after his wife has given birth to a woman who leaves her wife and their autistic child for a colleague an academic in a scientific technical field had never been remotely interested in any man other than her partner of 25 years But a chance encounter at a conference with a man she had once known sparked a passionate affair leading to the emotional and physical collapse that pushed her on to the therapist’s couch for hundreds of sessions which included diving back into her early childhood helped Professor M to get her previous relationship back on track (it “deepened into something more loving”) and underlined for Rosenfeld that affairs “are never just about our present It is a shame that Rosenfeld’s imagination doesn’t stretch to better dialogue between her main characters who is cheating on his wife Serena with a much younger mistress “‘How could you want to ruin my life or a child’s life you idiot?’” he says in response to Magdalena’s demands for a baby “Neil would have sex with her only when Serena was not at the house compelling narrative drive as Rosenfeld describes the various ways her respondents embark on affairs despite him being a patient: a “catastrophic boundary violation” a lonely mother of three teenage sons who is grieving the death of her youngest child “Frequent business travel enabled their affair to flourish,” she writes Rosenfeld intersperses these accounts with references to various psychoanalytical theories and texts such as Freud’s essay on Mourning and Melancholia She writes: “Freud talks about substitutes He was also a substitute for the love that Siobhan was denied in childhood,” by her father The problem isn’t that Affairs is uninteresting Rosenfeld’s supposedly counterintuitive insight – that the roots of most affairs are “locked in our infancy and childhood” – are hardly new There’s a reason why so many people can quote that Philip Larkin couplet Free weekly newsletterThe only way to get a look behind the scenes of the Saturday magazine Sign up to get the inside story from our top writers as well as all the must-read articles and columns Affairs: True Stories of Love, Lies, Hope and Despair by Juliet Rosenfeld is published by Pan Macmillan (£20). 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you for Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX Reveal is public radio’s first one-hour radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting A weekly program presented by the New Yorker magazine’s editor killer beats and the edgiest new talent in storytelling come together for a weekly show that straps audiences into an audio rollercoaster Radiolab is known for its deep-dive journalism and innovative sound design Created in 2002 by former host Jad Abumrad the program began as an exploration of scientific inquiry Over the years it has evolved to become a platform for long-form journalism and storytelling Radiolab is hosted by Lulu Miller and Latif Nasser Chicago Public Schools staffer Ellen Rosenfeld pushed past five other candidates — and fellow CPS parents — to become the Chicago school board’s member from the largely wealthy North Side District 4 according to results from the Associated Press who works in CPS’ community engagement office including some establishment Democratic organizations and more conservative “school choice” groups — the latter of which Rosenfeld has said she did not solicit She’s also a former teacher at Dulles and Hartigan elementary schools and a parent at Whitney Young Magnet High School She served on Bell Local School Council as a parent All six candidates who competed to represent the lakefront district But the contest came down to a race between Rosenfeld and retired longtime teacher Karen Zaccor who was backed by the Chicago Teachers Union and several progressive organizations She taught for 28 years at three Uptown schools and served on the local school councils at all three At an election party at O’Donovan’s in the North Center neighborhood Rosenfeld said she stayed true to her message I’m independent of any special interest groups “Those are the ones that I’m working for.” Two groups that Rosenfeld did not coordinate with spent $321,000 supporting her or opposing Zaccor Urban Center Action and the Illinois Network of Charter Schools Action can raise and spend without limits but they can’t coordinate with candidates They both support charter schools and oppose the teachers union Rosenfeld was the lone candidate who said the school board should continue raising the property tax levy to the maximum allowed by the state each year But she said that’s out of necessity and there needs to be new revenue sources to address the district’s structural deficit “It’s probably unpopular but CPS’ financial state dictates that need,” she said Zaccor told supporters at CTU’s election night party Tuesday that many of the voters she spoke to during the campaign agreed with her vision for CPS — arguing the only people who didn’t agree with that vision were those who poured millions into supporting candidates against the union “We’ve won tonight — we have an elected school board.” She said the fight toward educational equity will continue “I will see you on the next battleground,” she said This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page Sophia Rosenfeld didn’t just sort through the great intellectual texts on the topic “When you are talking about this category of really obvious ideas they come as much out of daily life and practices as they do out of philosophy,” she says “Philosophy alone won’t answer our questions about why we think the ways we do.” Annenberg Professor of History and chair of the Department of History “The Age of Choice: A History of Freedom in Modern Life” (Princeton University Press covering themes rather than a strict chronology—consumer choice political choice and the sciences of choice among them Those ordinary artifacts and sources gave her insight into how choice has been organized and orchestrated throughout the last few hundred years of history and examples of the rules that surround it But those everyday objects couldn’t answer all of her questions “The hardest thing to find was the psychology of choice: What do people think they were doing when they interacted with these things the historian turned her attention especially to novels which are in many ways fundamentally about choice The modern novel is “full of scenes of choice … things like elections and ballrooms and shop floors,” Rosenfeld says “And so they gave me a little bit of a clue about how to put together Rosenfeld says she likes to work on topics that are so fundamental and ubiquitous that they don’t register in many minds “We don’t frequently notice that they have a history,” she says is similarly not often a category for historical analysis even though choice undergirds much of the modern world “It’s fundamental to democracy and human rights and also to consumer culture and in fact it’s sometimes thought to be their meeting ground It’s what we think of as freedom today,” she says “And so I wondered: How did we get to this point But also: Is it a good thing or a bad thing?” She says choice plays a key role not just in society but in the highly individualized stories that people tell about themselves—the “authors of our own destiny” approach I chose to move to X location—we largely tell the stories of our lives that way,” Rosenfeld says “That’s the kind of mode into which we’ve reshaped our existences and we do it so naturally that it isn’t something I think we’re conscious of … It’s not just that we make more choices today it’s also that we think of choice quite differently than did people in the past.” Even divorce fits this pattern: “It’s a way to give yourself second chances to make new choices in the future,” Rosenfeld says While a prevailing idea in society is that the more choices we have our choices are often “bounded” in different ways “We don’t want to have an unlimited menu of possibilities,” she says “You don’t want 6,000 different pairs of shoes when you go to buy one … It’s not like freedom of choice means the total deregulation of everything you need a lot of regulation for choice to work.” The choices of women played an important role in Rosenfeld’s research She says women were some of the first “modern choosers” in the context of making preference-based consumer purchases but they were also long shut out of larger “So women are historically in the odd position of being both in the advance and of being excluded from a lot of other kinds of choice-making,” Rosenfeld says That partly changed with the rise of feminism and “Women were always sort of fighting against the idea that they were weak and flighty choosers and trying instead to make the case that they not only aspired to more choice but were already good at it,” she says Rosenfeld says she hopes the book helps readers understand the idea of choice and even makes them a little more self-conscious about their own choices by asking questions such as: “What is this freedom What are some of the ways in which it enables me What are some of the ways in which it creates anxieties or stresses or disenfranchises others?” These aren’t questions we often ask but the age of freedom introduces the ambitious Dakar Greenbelt project seeks to create an extensive network of ecological infrastructure in and around the city to sustainably address environmental concerns and enhance urban life With support from David Gouverneur and Ellen Neises candidate Rob Levinthal in the Weitzman School of Design led two courses that included a field trip to Dakar that culminated in students presenting their visions for parts of the Greenbelt The new Vagelos Laboratory for Energy Science and Technology boasts adaptable laboratory spaces to support the dynamic needs of pioneering research TrendingCommercialSan FranciscoAMichael Rosenfeld faces foreclosure of Nob Hill hotel after $105M loan defaultDeutsche Bank seeks receiver to safeguard the property Pine & Powell Partners is poised to lose a 400-room hotel on San Francisco’s Nob Hill after defaulting on a $105 million loan and failing to fix the property’s elevators before a conference this month The Los Angeles-based limited liability company led by Michael Rosenfeld was sued by Deutsche Bank AG in a foreclosure proceeding for the century-old Stanford Court Hotel at 905 California Street, the San Francisco Chronicle reported. Deutsche Bank wants the court to appoint a receiver to safeguard its interest in the property Pine & Powell bought the hotel in 2010 for $26 million The bank seeks a temporary restraining order that would prohibit the hotel operator from “commingling misusing or otherwise transferring” rental payments insurance proceeds or other revenues for any purpose other than paying down the debt Deutsche Bank has accused Pine & Powell Partners of failing to “protect” the property and of actively engaging in “conduct that constitutes waste,” according to the complaint despite an “upcoming professional conference” set to take place at the hotel this month the firm “frustrated” efforts to make critical repairs to its elevators It’s unclear which conference the lawsuit is referring to but JPMorgan Chase’s annual health care conference Francis hotel near Union Square this week and featuring ancillary events at other Downtown properties Deutsche Bank and its attorneys declined to comment to the newspaper Multiple attempts to contact Rosenfeld were unsuccessful The lender lawsuit provides insight into what can happen when discussions to resolve a borrower’s default turn sour SIGN UPDeutsche Bank alleges the hotel owner has let necessary repairs at the property slide Pine & Powell “unreasonably withheld consent” to contracts that would allow the hotel’s elevators to be repaired and receive regular maintenance The estimated cost of fixing the three nonworking elevators out of five at the hotel is $60,000 Deutsche Bank also alleges the hotel owner wouldn’t approve a replacement insurance contract set to expire late last year which the hotel’s property management firm The bank said it was “forced” to make $5.3 million in advances to ensure the hotel’s continued operations including paying real estate taxes and addressing issues with the hotel’s chiller CEO of Woodridge Capital Partners and Next Century Partners has lost a major project in Los Angeles after defaulting on loan payments By the time Rosenfeld’s company was first accused of defaulting on its loan for the Stanford Court Hotel in 2022, he had already  defaulted on some $1.8 million in loans tied to the $2.5 billion Century Plaza a historic hotel in L.A.’s Century City redeveloped with two condo towers The development was ultimately acquired by billionaire brothers David and Simon Reuben for $1 billion at a foreclosure auction in 2023 though Rosenfeld reportedly continued to own close to 200 condos in the development afterward — Dana Bartholomew 36% of all banned titles featured characters or people of color and a quarter (25%) included LGBTQ+ people or characters This week-long intensive provides an in-person workshop for early-career writers from communities underrepresented in the publishing world Learn how the creation and display of art is entwined with the U.S.’s most fraught cultural and political debates The next four years could reshape the United States for decades to come Join us in fighting every day to protect the freedom to write and the freedom to read Adèle Rosenfeld’s debut novel Jellyfish Have No Ears (Graywolf translated from French to English by Jeffrey Zuckerman is a colorfully sonorous story with surreal details As the reader follows protagonist Louise grappling with the decision of whether or not to get a cochlear implant they are brought into a world that is challenging Through Louise’s professional life as a Town Hall employee to her personal life with friends Jellyfish Have No Ears intimately invites readers to explore what it’s like to live with a hearing impairment 2024 Editor’s note: This interview has been updated with newly translated answers in English by the translator of Jellyfish Have No Ears Translation was provided as a courtesy by the translator to the publisher An earlier edition of this interview was amended to include proper citation of Jeffrey Zuckerman as the novel’s translator Coming to write on this essential subject wasn’t something I imagined; deafness as a subject imposed itself on me. As such, for quite some time, I only wrote short stories on that theme, such as the science-fiction piece “The Hearing-Aid Brigade,” forthcoming from Words without Borders while I was in a hospital waiting room for a doctor’s appointment I wrote the first chapter of Jellyfish Have No Ears All the throughlines of the text were there; the voice was there in a sharper focus on sound and a more emotional relationship with hearing Putting hearing into words has allowed me to hear better to commit sounds to memory the better to hear them une perception altérée du son entraîne une attention encore plus fine au son et un rapport affectif à l’ouïe Mettre des mots sur l’écoute m’a permis d’entendre mieux de mémoriser les sons pour mieux les entendre Animals’ sensory systems: their understanding comes through their senses humans can redistribute that acuity across their other senses Animals make it possible for us to take a different tack in our approach to a situation Maybe that’s what we can learn from animals: to decenter ourselves in order to get around obstacles La déficience d’un sens permet de déployer chez l’homme cette acuité primaire aux sens Les animaux peuvent nous permettre de faire un pas de côté dans notre appréhension d’une situation C’est peut-être ça qu’on peut apprendre des animaux à se décentrer pour contourner des obstacles Literature is a space in which we can willingly enter someone else’s interiority as nobody will force us to read the book we hold in our hands which provides a special premise for discovering difference The act of reading creates an especially singular And the unconstrained form of a novel allows us to explore the possible the paradoxes that make it possible for us to get closer to reality La littérature est l’endroit où nous pouvons accéder à une intériorité autre puisque personne ne nous obligera à lire le livre que nous avons entre les mains ce qui crée des dispositions exceptionnelles pour découvrir une altérité Il y a dans l’action de lire un rapport si singulier Et le roman dans sa forme libre permet d’explorer le champ des possibles et d’explorer la complexité les paradoxes qui nous permettent d’approcher plus finement la réalité Close attention to sound is a matter of language The experience of a hearing loss that warps language is an opportunity for the narrator to explore language’s asymmetries and discrepancies; it’s a linguistic deep-dive And she takes some comfort from this: she may be at a remove With the “sound herbarium,” which is a poetic way of translating particular sounds she brings sound and poetic image into alignment with meaning Onomatopoeia is a space where language or sound and sense align which is what I was playing with for the “sound herbarium” by making the word and the idea reverberate so that the narrator could recall the acoustic effect L’extrême attention portée au son est aussi une affaire de langage L’expérience d’une déficience sonore qui déforme le langage est l’occasion pour la narratrice d’explorer les dissymétries de la langue qui est un moyen poétique de traduire certains sons elle fait coïncider le son et l’image poétique avec le sens Les onomatopées sont des endroits de langage ou son et sens coïncident La poésie tente de faire coïncider son et image c’est ce avec quoi j’ai joué pour « l’herbier sonore » en de faire sonner le mot et l’idée pour que la narratrice se souvienne de l’effet auditif “The experience of a hearing loss that warps language is an opportunity for the narrator to explore language’s asymmetries and discrepancies; it’s a linguistic deep-dive Each character symbolizes one of the narrator’s emotional states: the dog represents her anger the soldier the war between the deaf and the hearing as well as the struggle to keep going and the botanist the archive of lost sounds and the imagination needed to fill these gaps But these imaginary travel companions also hem in the narrator serving their own ends and isolating her from reality I wanted to orchestrate this tension between reality and imagination all the way to Louise’s final decision Chacun des personnages symbolise un état émotionnel de la narratrice le soldat la guerre entre la sourde et l’entendante et la lutte pour tenir et la botaniste l’archive des sons disparus et l’imagination pour combler ces vides Mais ces compagnons de route imaginaires enferment aussi la narratrice fonctionnent pour leur propre compte et l’isolent de la réalité C’est cette mise en tension entre réalité et imagination que j’ai voulu mettre en scène We always know better than others what we’d do in their place That’s what I got a kick out of with staging all this The narrator is a fictional character and I needed this fictional counterpart to widen the range of possibilities to evolve just as she had on these questions I had her live out one of my possibilities As Kundera said: “A novel examines not reality but existence existence is the realm of human possibilities everything he’s capable of.” That’s what I’ve tried to do with this novel: explore one of my futures or a present possibility in order to master these questions On sait toujours mieux que les autres ce qu’on ferait à leur place C’est ce qui m’a amusée de mettre en scène la narratrice est un personnage fictif et j’ai eu besoin de ce double fictif pour ouvrir le champ des possibles Comme le disait Kundera : « Le roman n’examine pas la réalité mais l’existence Et l’existence n’est pas ce qui s’est passé l’existence est le champ des possibilités humaines » C’est ce que j’ai tenté de faire avec ce roman ou une possibilité présente pour apprivoiser ces questions Anna is saying that when something is lost—in this case a sense—nothing is taken from the person’s essence What matters is thinking carefully about this notion of identity: her disability is not her identity experiencing life solely through this loss that becomes an obsession with loss Anna is trying to move the stakes of identity so as not to lose Louise Il s’agit de faire attention à cette notion d’identité mais elle n’est pas réductible à cette perte alors que Louise traverse une crise identitaire du sens et du langage et cherche à combler par tous les moyens (et donc par l’imagination) Anna cherche à décentrer l’enjeu de l’identité pour ne pas perdre Louise même si elle épuise ses capacités d’adaptation seeing that there weren’t myths around the deaf that all the myths about disability were about the blind cannot hear the language of God (“in the beginning was the Word”—in French verbe means “spoken word”) and so is exiled from myth it’s not about eyes but about ears: he misheard the oracle The hard-of-hearing and the deaf restore communication where it belongs specifically because it’s about actually listening Constatant qu’il n’y avait pas de mythes autour des sourds ne peut entendre la langue de dieu (« au commencement était le verbe ») ce n’est pas une affaire de vue mais d’oreilles Les malentendants et les sourds remettent la communication à sa place justement parce qu’il s’agit d’écouter véritablement I had her live out one of my possibilities.“ a friend asked me if I was writing a political book The question really helped me to pinpoint the tone: I didn’t want to write a screed even if there are spots in the text where I had to describe scenes in an ironic manner—the consternation of institutions and businesses at those who don’t fit neatly in boxes That’s what I was showing in the narrator’s work life at the municipal office where the more disabled she became the more she was demoted: it was another way to speak out against the phenomenon of HR repeatedly “reassigning” employees whose invisible disabilities are misunderstood and progressive This book is another perspective on difference Quand j’écrivais Les méduses n’ont pas d’oreilles un ami m’a demandé si je faisais un livre politique Est-ce qu’il s’agissait de faire un livre contre les entendants Cette question m’a beaucoup aidée pour trouver le ton de l’écriture je ne voulais pas écrire un livre à charge même s’il y a des endroits du texte où j’ai eu besoin de mettre en scène des situations de façon ironique le désarroi des institutions/des entreprises face à des cas qui ne rentrent pas dans les cases habituelles C’est ce que j’ai montré dans la vie professionnelle de la narratrice à la mairie où plus elle est handicapée plus elle est déclassée autre manière de dénoncer les phénomènes de « placardisation » face à des employés dont les handicaps invisibles sont méconnus et évolutifs à ne pas tenir pour acquis nos représentations Adèle Rosenfeld lives in Paris where she runs writing workshops Jellyfish Have No Ears was a finalist for the 2023 Prix Goncourt for a first novel we create something we hope will be beautiful out of nothing The outcome of our hard work is never guaranteed Read More they bear a large brunt of Lebanon’s protracted violence and crises powerful actors and storytellers and so I wanted them to own their narrative Read More her anxieties and insecurities solidify into this belief that she has been cursed and it becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy of sorts Read More The best work exists where the amazing and magical meet the sinister Read More and learn by donating to PEN America today Copyright © 2025 PEN America. All rights reserved | Privacy Policy Director of Smith’s Spatial Analysis Laboratory (SAL) As an undergraduate at the University of Chicago with the Environmental Protection Agency in Chicago mapping formerly contaminated sites as part of the Superfund project She also made maps as part of her activism work with a community-based environmental justice organization It’s not surprising then that her next step was graduate school in human geography at the University of Wisconsin—Madison worked on a big collaborative mapping project on the transnational hazardous waste trade and wrote a dissertation on an unusual subject: chicken sanctuaries Rosenfeld notes that while most people are familiar with sanctuaries for domestic animals farm animal sanctuaries are less widely known They describe the sanctuaries as “trying to transform the institutions of animal agriculture by saying that animals should not be commodities.” Once the animals have been rescued and brought to the sanctuary “How do we take care of farmed animals when we’re not raising them for resources?” Rosenfeld observes that even at farmed animal sanctuaries chickens are “the most socially marginal,” which is why they focused on them in particular In their dissertation entitled Winging It: Rehabilitating Animals Rehabilitating Animality at Chicken Sanctuaries Rosenfeld analyzed chicken sanctuary networks and the creation of “alternate societies with humans and non-humans” and mapped their history and rise They note that while they did literally map the sanctuaries in the US their interest for this project was more in “mapping as visual storytelling rather than mapping as quantitative analysis.” What Rosenfeld loves about maps is the “combination of the technical aspects.. the world-making” that mapping both allows and offers we talk about how maps don't just describe places,” she says “They describe particular perspectives on a place and then they also influence the places that they're describing this is where the border of a place is,‘ that’s a description and a claim at the same time.” they desired a career where they could do meaningful work that centered social change and “social and environmental and multi-species justice” while also allowing them to continue doing research and making the maps they love where they worked as both a geography lecturer and a researcher in the MGGG Redistricting Lab which uses data science to help fight gerrymandering and offers a participatory alternative to partisan-drawn political districts they came to Smith as a lecturer in environmental geography Rosenfeld was connected to the SAL through her courses in cartography and environmental research methods She was drawn to the director position by the combination of continued student contact as well as increased collaboration with faculty members The SAL has been part of the Center for the Environment so there was also the draw of the “awesome” staff of both the SAL and CEEDS SAL’s spatial data analyst and SAL’s student associates whose work ranges from curricular support to testing materials to helping manage the SAL’s drone collection works with a student orientation leader to make buttons out of maps for an Orientation event centered around sense of place faculty and staff used the resources of the SAL While the largest number of students come from the departments of geosciences and environmental science and policy students in the humanities use the SAL as well Humanities students often opt to learn narrative mapping through a program called Story Maps which allows students to create a web-based narrative with images giving them a visual way to present information Students have documented their study abroad experiences through StoryMaps and recently a class used the program to study how specific artifacts have moved through museum collections around the world As Rosenfeld settles into their new position they are interested in building on the present strengths of the SAL as well as making some forays in new directions They are hoping to support more interdisciplinary projects and to build up connections with places around campus such as the Kahn Institute and the Smith College Museum of Art along with more departments in the humanities and social sciences They are also interested in eventually expanding the SAL’s commitment to community-based work they hope that the SAL can develop partnerships in the community that would give Smith students new opportunities to do “tangible one of Rosenfeld’s Smith classes partnered with Climate Action Now to “map the environmental justice impacts of a proposed pipeline in Springfield,” and Climate Action Now is using the maps as part of their work Another longer-term goal is to use mapping to promote accessibility on campus MassMutual Assistant Professor of Statistical and Data Sciences involves using a participatory process to map both accessible and inaccessible spaces Another project is on accessible cartography She describes this as a “slow-moving research project” but something that she now integrates into the cartography lessons she teaches and hopes to expand on over time Rosenfeld adds that the SAL is also looking to focus more on 3D and tactile mapping which would involve creating topographical maps that actually show elevation Creating a 3D map of the MacLeish Field Station will be the first project of this sort as a lecturer and now as director of the SAL Rosenfeld is most grateful for the people: “Getting to work with folks who care about.. concretely making the world better and more just and redressing some of the harms of past and current generations in terms of social and environmental justice Celebrate Smith’s 150th anniversary with us! America’s founders deeply mistrusted political parties James Madison decried “the mischief of faction” while George Washington warned that “the spirit of revenge natural to party dissension” might lead to despotism But the disunity that Washington warned that parties would bring has always been present in America What political parties can do at their best is to make disunity manageable by facilitating compromise and preventing political conflict from turning into violence.  Sam Rosenfeld (an associate professor of political science at Colgate University) and Daniel Schlozman (an associate professor of political science at Johns Hopkins University) have together written the new book The Hollow Parties: The Many Pasts and Disordered Present of American Party Politics a historical narrative of American politics as told through its parties Schlozman and Rosenfeld argue that American parties historically had been highly successful at organizing political choices and political conflict and providing a way of organizing collective action toward collective goals.  both the Republican and Democratic parties have become hollow: unable to organize themselves internally (in terms of making party decisions) or externally (in terms of shaping conflict in the broader political arena) They have lost critical core functions — including voter mobilization and agenda setting — to para-party organizations that Schlozman and Rosenfeld term “the party blob.” So even as political polarization has in many ways reinforced Americans’ partisan identities and strengthened party leaders’ command over rank-and-file legislators the parties have become less and less capable of fulfilling their proper functions Schlozman and Rosenfeld discuss how the hollowing-out of the Republican Party has made it vulnerable to Donald Trump’s hostile populist takeover; the stronger party establishment of decades past did a better job of erecting guardrails against right-wing extremism and would have prevented the party’s nomination from going to a personalist leader like Trump A similar process of hollowing-out in the Democratic Party has rendered it largely ineffectual in important ways; it has become what Schlozman describes as “a party that has been less than the sum of its parts and that has been unable to figure out its post-New Deal purpose.” But the two authors describe ways that party politics have strengthened the American experiment in the past and hold out hope for party renewal in the future Sam Rosenfeld: The blobs act in ways that actually stoke incapacity more than they are a modern exerting a drag on people’s positive trust and loyalty to the parties — because most of the time people aren’t actually interacting with the parties Geoff Kabaservice: People who follow the Niskanen Center very, very closely may note that this is one of the few times (or maybe even the very first time) when my podcast features an author or authors who have recently appeared on Niskanen’s other podcast, The Science of Politics with Matt Grossman Matt almost invariably interviews the authors of recent books or articles from the political science field and I’m more likely to talk with authors of recent histories But one of the especially interesting and unique aspects of your book is that it’s equally appropriate for both podcasts because you are methodological eclecticists; you’re using the techniques of social science to tell a historical narrative of American politics as told through its parties Does that strike you as an accurate 30,000-foot characterization of your approach And you might even put it the other way around: that we are using social science methodology to tell a historical story or historical methods to tell a social science story And the idea is it’s working in both directions and from all sides of looking glass Sam Rosenfeld: And it does reflect in part a disciplinary background and I found myself drifting into a different discipline professionally But we definitely bring those kinds of perspectives to bear Geoff Kabaservice: You also wrote that your book has a lot to do with the American Political Development (or APD) approach For listeners who may not be familiar with that I feel like this famously eludes clear and crisp definition But within the American politics subfield of political science Sometimes they’re referred to as historical institutionalists in American politics An APD approach takes time itself as a variable particular forces: their existence over time and their intersections with one another over time and across development meaningfully changes the impact of what they’re doing So APD scholars pay a lot of attention to the interactions of different institutions developing along their own dynamics Daniel Schlozman: That APD is on the one hand the attempt by scholars of American politics to think about big change over time and in particular to be concerned with what Karen Orren and Stephen Skowronek (two real founding fathers of the field in the 1970s and ‘80s) termed political development as durable change in governing authority And it’s also in a lot of ways the redoubt for political science that asks as many questions as it answers that is more likely to use qualitative and quantitative methodology that is looking to the past not for sources of data about a given problem but for explanations of how we reach the present political development looks different from the present-focused methodologically tight political science that is the dominant part of the discipline But it also looks different from history both in being more concerned with politics qua politics in general and in terms of thinking more structurally and conceptually about historical change than a lot of historians are comfortable with Geoff Kabaservice: I think I got most of that I also remember when someone tried to explain Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time to me and the explanation made sense at the time but I couldn’t reproduce it I think this is something we’re going to come back to And this eclectic methodological approach that you use is part of what makes the book so absorbing And there are so many things that you raised in it that I’m sure we’re only going to get to a fraction of them this is one of those great books that also has its thesis in its title So what do you mean when you say that today’s Republican and Democratic parties are hollow Sam Rosenfeld: Hollowness to us entails a kind of incapacity to organize collective action on the part of these parties either internally in terms of making party decisions — over nomination over agenda-setting — or externally in terms of shaping conflict in the broader political arena Part of how we arrived at this imagery of hollowness and this idea is wrestling with the paradox of polarization making parties ever more central presences in American politics and shaping people’s partisan behavior in some respects like organizing behavior in Congress Party leaders are stronger than they’ve been in a long time and that’s a consequence of polarization a kind of problem with mistrust and illegitimacy not only among the broader American electorate but even the most engaged actors in American politics tend to mistrust or delegitimize what it is the actual formal party actors might say at any given point So it’s this kind of “strong on the outside/underlying weaknesses on the inside” that is what we mean by hollowness And then it manifests in very different ways in the Democratic Party versus the Republican Party Geoff Kabaservice: Can you tell me more about those different manifestations what we see is ineffectuality: a party that is unable to put together all the pieces of its very very big coalition in a common project — all the pieces ideologically but also all the pieces organizationally of a party that is dominated by outside groups rather than formal parties themselves the Democratic National Committee and its affiliates all the way on down I was in Chicago last week for the Democratic National Convention and it’s much more than just the programming that the DNC organizes It is everything from Axios (which has got a nice spot by the Chicago River where I had a lovely lunch) big donors whose tickets get parceled out so that the donors can be in the suites and watch the action from there And so all these different actors are the party and yet they are incapable of coming together in common purpose (And we can talk about whether or not they did that this summer.) But there are all these different forces and what that’s meant in political policy terms is a party that has been less than the sum of its parts and that has been unable to figure out its post-New Deal purpose And that’s hollowness in the sense that parts of the party are very strong and yet what is this party all about is still underdefined hollowness looks very different and that is extremism — you’ve obviously thought a lot about this as well — and an inability to police guardrails against the forces of right-wing extremism in general and the personalism of Donald Trump that is his distinctive contribution in particular And the party has become not much more than the vehicle for Trumpism to the extent that Republican state parties are instead of worrying about the politics in their states passing resolutions about false-flag operations and witch hunts against Donald John Trump and on and on Geoff Kabaservice: You write that the parties have lost a lot of their core functions to para-party organizations or what you call “the party blob.” Can you explain more about that evocative term Sam Rosenfeld: Part of this is political scientists who tend to take a maybe slightly more optimistic view of how modern parties look They have noticed that you have formal party organizations — the national committees local-level/county-level party organizations And they’re still around and doing more than ever when it comes to fundraising But encroaching on every aspect of what you think a political party does — from the actual electoral functions of mobilizing voters to ideological and programmatic functions of getting ideas out there setting agendas for power and then advocating on behalf of particular issues — informal organizations swamp the formal organizations More people who are involved in national politics in the United States are involved in outside organizations than in formal parties.  And a lot of political scientists have noticed this And they think of modern parties as consisting of networks all with the same goal in mind and associated with one side or the other ever more numerous interest groups (interests that in other times might have been bipartisan in their activity) have come to be sorted to one team or the other But network theorists of the party activity think of all this as these modern entities where everybody’s basically doing their specialized part on behalf of a particular goal.  What we emphasize is in fact what you get on these what we call “blobs” of organizations is as much disorder — conflict principal-agent problems — where in fact winning elections to achieve a particular set of agenda items isn’t the top goal for a lot of these You think of for-profit media entities that are a huge part especially of the Republican blob in the modern era.  The blobs act in ways that actually stoke incapacity more than they are a modern exerting a drag on people’s positive trust and loyalty to the parties — because most of the time people aren’t actually interacting with the parties themselves They’re interacting with or engaging with all sorts of different kinds of actors — super PACs media organizations — that are associated with one side or the other but not actually accountable to anybody on behalf of that.  Geoff Kabaservice: I think your explanation of the blob is very satisfying to people who work directly in politics right now in that it helps us make sense of some of the contradictions the Democratic Party in Biden’s first two years was able to pass a number of acts of significant legislation but they couldn’t actually make any progress on their number one priority which was electoral reform in the form of HR1 and attempted reforms to the Voting Rights Act the Republican Party has had enormous electoral success (outside of what one might expect from the somewhat deranged nature of many of its candidates) and yet it couldn’t even pass a party platform at its last convention Let me raise this question for you… Many of America’s Framers were famously unfond of political parties and a lot of people today aren’t particularly happy with our parties or the system of what’s been called the party duopoly Daniel Schlozman: Political scientists are famously (or famously among ourselves) more pro-party than the vast vast majority of Americans who view parties in low repute Parties make it clear what political systems are fighting around They make it easier for voters to make their choices when they are at the ballot box Parties make it easier for politicians to rise up in the ranks But parties — and this is where learning the history of parties gives a certain appreciation — parties also are ways that politics can be done collectively together rather than every individual for him- or herself an important figure in the rise of mass parties in the generation after the Framers sees them as protections against his fear and the fear of the founding generation — and that is demagogy then their ability to run riot is limited because there is a collective leadership and a collective goal rather than the individual And that is the timeless claim for party: not simply as a way to make politics efficient and organized but to prevent the very thing that the Framers wanted most to prevent and that is still very much a fear of in a populist age — what happens when a free people are given all their freedom and things can go south Geoff Kabaservice: And I think you’ve also written that what we’re seeing in the Republican Party today is less the danger of parties than the dangers that occur when parties fail The Republican Party as personality cult is these old the party’s restraints on Trump have been lightened and lightened He has in turn felt himself in a whole lot of ways emboldened by lots and lots of actors around the American political system (including some in the Supreme Court) to act in ways that in 2016 he was not And that is very much a story about the restraints not just of the system as a whole but of the fetters of party that would stop any individual Sam Rosenfeld: The story of a party whose incapacity was manifest in allowing a wolf into the barn in 2016 is the proximate and contemporary four-alarm-fire-emergency illustration of the broader story the political scientists try to tell readers and students Parties — by organizing peaceful self-government making it work — are what in fact make democratic self-government work you inculcate norms of democratic self-government And when those organizations that are so essential to making the system work break down and start to be less and less efficacious in doing that work you invite actors and forces with no such commitments into the breach And that’s what we’ve been seeing in the last eight years Geoff Kabaservice: And as various people have pointed out (including yourselves) Donald Trump would not have been the Republican nominee in past eras when the gatekeepers were preventing such a figure from becoming the party’s nominee The pre-reform era was one in which party elites (as their friends and detractors will call them) — leading figures in state parties governors and senators dominating big state delegations at national conventions — would choose someone whom they deemed as both electable and broadly acceptable And Donald Trump would not have been that person it is a mistake to look simply at the party reform on the democratic side as how we get to Trump But is very true that a Trump figure at an earlier stage in American political history would have been very hard to imagine emerging from the nomination process of a major party Geoff Kabaservice: So as part of your project to understand why the parties became hollow you cast your analysis back to the relatively early days of the Republic in the antebellum period and then move forward six political approaches that you call “party strands” which come up again and again in the course of America’s political history And you label these the accommodationist strand I think people looking at today’s politics probably would have no problem understanding the basic concepts of the pro-capital but the others call out for some explanations Since we were just talking about the Founders and their skepticism of parties the antiparty strand is a deeply embedded set of views that are really tied up in the civic republican thought of the Founding Era and that have absolutely continued to resonate and be a really important intellectual resource in American politics ever since The antiparty strand is a belief in a common good and the need to cultivate virtuous leaders that will achieve this common good for everybody and a belief that partial visions (and formations on behalf of partial visions for public policy that are represented by parties) are in and of themselves symptomatic of something wrong and corrupt or dangerous to the Republic And it’s the accommodationist disposition that we think of as the antithesis to that out of the emergence of popular partisan disagreement and conflict in the Founding and early decades of the nineteenth century And that really gets articulated in national form by Martin van Buren and the Jacksonian mass-democratic model as it emerges by the 1830s and the accommodationist strand has been a recurring theme and tradition of politics ever since It is embodied in its purest form in the urban machines of the nineteenth century of coalition-building — as opposed to a high-minded politics of ideology or vision or public policy even — as what’s guiding and motivating people’s actions.  But what’s powerful about this (as articulated by Van Buren in the first place) is that that mode of politics — by mobilizing and inculcating the engagement of ordinary people by sustaining and building coalitions across very different communities and very different people and making a kind of politics of give-and-take move forward in a stable way — it’s what allows for popular politics and popular conflict and disagreement to sustain itself in a peaceful and functional way And casting forward to the era of hollowness (which we think is the story from the 1970s onward) one of the major stories of an era in which the parties have become much more ideologically polarized (but also brittle and inefficacious in a lot of ways) is the relative decline the abeyance of accommodationist-style politics on the left and the right Daniel Schlozman: Briefly then to go through the other strands… The policy reform strand is the instantiation of American liberalism in which strong parties exist not just to stay in power and grease the wheels (as in accommodationism) but to get policy done and get policy done in coalition with allied interest groups So this is not (like radicalism to its left) the politics of using party for absolutely sweeping social change or the politics at the center (simply give-and-take) but trying to use strong issue-oriented parties in service of substantive policy ends if the policy reform strand is all working strong parties will produce better policies because all of the actors are working together than if the interest groups and whatnot were just negotiating on their own And so it is an argument for a very strong very particular kind of party in which issues more than just staying in power comes first Sam Rosenfeld: James Q. Wilson, the eminent social scientist, who wrote a book about the amateur Democrats — the club Democrats reformist liberals in the early post-war decades — he distinguished between the amateur Democrats and the regulars which we would think of as the new policy-reform strand Democrats squaring off against the accommodationist party regulars So the regulars think of issues — policy — as just the byproduct of electoral struggle Daniel Schlozman: And so last week in Chicago there were moments that felt very much policy reform in the sense of going to the labor caucus to see various politicians talk about how they were to appeal to the issues of a major player in the party And there were moments that felt much more like everybody sizing one another up in pure politics just trying to win — more like a kind of modern accommodationism He was actually all in favor of the old precinct captain who would hand out the Thanksgiving turkeys and try to solve the problems of the locality And he actually was also a tie to the kind of era that most people associate with the nineteenth century but which continued on into the mid-twentieth century: of civic organizations and political rallies that included people in uniform carrying torchlights in procession and all the rest of it where both parties still had ideologically diverse coalitions and cross-cutting affiliations There were moderate and even liberal Republicans and there were conservative (indeed segregationist) Democrats.  And Klein also is of this view that the U.S political system has functioned best when it has relied on mixed parties like a nod to the heterogeneous party coalitions at midcentury which tell a very different story: that the path to a multiracial egalitarian democracy comes from powerful majorities backed by sustained popular agitation.” the way you do it is: sustain popular majorities with deep agitation if what you want is to have everybody living together in ways that do not upset anybody’s apple cart or go too far (as revolutions can) And I think probably more than when I was writing that review in that heady moment I have an appreciation of lots of different strands of American politics And what we hope readers get from this book (and reviewers too if they’re going to have readers read the book) is less that we have a very particular take and especially a take of just where we are on the ideological spectrum — because people have their own politics and we’re not going to change their worldviews in the course of this book nor should we; we are not consultants to tell you who to vote for in a primary or whatever there are ways to do politics better: to be more pro-party And there are ways to do politics dumber.  And the idea of all this big jumble of examples piling up in the book is that readers can see themselves — or their own political dilemmas wherever they are wherever they work — in new ways, and that they can take something from that One very important piece of that is thinking in accommodationist terms And I will say that an appreciation for what accommodationists could do is something that I have now probably more than when Sam and I got started in this book in 2016 Sam Rosenfeld: Absolutely. I’m curious to hear more from you, Geoff. You seem be indicating that you came across our treatment of accommodationists as a tradition as being skeptical or critical. But relative to where I was writing my first book called The Polarizers which had a “two cheers for polarization” gloss to it — I was a very policy-reform-minded young man when I wrote that — I too have come away with much more of an appreciation for accommodationism I think it’s a pipe dream to figure out how to reverse-engineer national coalitions that are more programmatically cohesive and less crosscut than they were at mid-century But one of the ways in which I’ve come to have more of an appreciation for accommodationism — and it’s partly by reading sociologists and political scientists who’ve talked about this recently — is that nationalization itself has been a force for polarization in a way that I think is unhealthy for politics Part of what we’re trying to do is revive parties as civic organizations which is part and parcel of trying to revive civic life — which is a tall order Daniel Schlozman: Civic life is locally rooted and people are participating in their communities and thinking “How do we solve the problems of my community?” — which are not going to be the same and part of the attention that a lot of people have made to local politics that has real vitality to it is that it brings people together in face-to-face interaction talking about issues that are of importance to local communities It makes your interactions with others less spun up on national culture-war battles And there is something really valuable and important to that that is lost in an era that is ever more nationalized in its partisan loyalties and political perspective but I’d actually like to take half a step back from politics and ask if you can both tell me something about yourselves what made you decide to become a political scientist Daniel Schlozman: That’s unfortunately very easy: this is the family business My mother was a political scientist at Boston College I crossed the river at eighteen to go to school I had a busman’s holiday — sort of a Plan B if I didn’t get an academic job — of being the chair of the Cambridge Ward 8 Democratic Committee which is where I learned a certain amount of political infighting as things were hot and heavy that summer with Democrats’ rules I learned party rules from watching the late John Dugan” — who was this vast Irishman who had a patronage job with the state and was the parliamentarian of the Massachusetts Chapter of the American Association of Parliamentarians — “battling on party rules at Democratic State Committee meetings So that was my youth in party politics. And I was writing this dissertation about political parties and social movements that became a book called When Movements Anchor Parties I haven’t done party politics since I left Cambridge but that was what has given me a certain taste for how this game works My co-author will now talk about a little bit about what he’s been up to My whole family are all sociologists: my mother I was the black sheep by majoring in history and then getting a Ph.D I was… I’ve never been a ward heeler I’ve never been an actual… Everything I say is “Do as I say not as I do” when it comes to being involved in local politics and worked at the American Prospect magazine I was an editor and writer there with young Ezra Klein and Matthew Yglesias and others Bush and the Iraq War and a lot of intra-Democratic battles about how to think about partisanship how to think about being an opposition party But I didn’t move far afield from thinking about partisanship and polarization and ideology how those things interact in recent American history And so I went into grad school and wrote a dissertation that turned into the book about ideas of parties and ideology in academia in practical politics from the mid-century through the end of the century and how that interacted with actual changes in the party coalitions that led to polarization Geoff Kabaservice: And when did you two meet and how did the genesis for this book come about A mutual friend was in town for my fifth college reunion; I was still in Cambridge I had skipped most of the college reunion for the day to go to the Massachusetts Democratic State Convention in Worcester and then met up with Sam in the evening And he figured that anybody who was that interested in doing politics to have skipped out on their reunion might be interesting I was asked to write a paper for a conference from the Social Science Research Council which had a program at the time called “The Anxieties of Democracy.” And so we wrote a paper together that was a genesis of the book and was delivered at a conference I can remember exactly where and when it was and the person sitting next to me pokes me and points to his phone — and that’s when I learned about the Comey letter let’s do something.” I was going up to Cornell to be on a pre-election panel we’ll write a book together.” The plan was that it was going to be short Geoff Kabaservice: And what was the division of labor Danny is always the one driving the wagon: setting times for us to Zoom Sometimes what we’re saying actually does end up showing up in prose eventually And then when it came to the actual writing at different times one of us was drafting a whole first draft of a chapter or we would just break up a projected chapter into sections and each of us would take the first crack Daniel Schlozman: We were both doing bits of the nineteenth century We very intentionally didn’t devolve vast fields to the other so that we were more or less in command of what was happening “This makes sense.” And then we would just edit one another absolutely ruthlessly and mercilessly until there was a common voice and all of our horrible respective tics were gone from the writing Sam Rosenfeld: And it is striking… There are times when people have asked who wrote All the editing and the drafting meant that it turned into a Schlozenfeld stew the pivotal chapter of your book for me is “The Long New Right.” And it’s pivotal because I’ve been thinking about it since I saw an early draft copy of it in 2019; I guess you had delivered it as a conference paper the year before There was a passage that was in that original paper which didn’t You wrote that “In positing continuity in a strand of right-wing engagement with party politics across a half century — a strand that eventually came to dominate Republicanism itself — we seek neither to flatten partisan and ideological developments nor to render right-of-center politics a monolith Disagreement both substantive and strategic abounded among self-identified conservatives throughout these years Moderates drawing on potent traditions of their own waged factional battles with the right that provided much of the internal drama and dynamism of Republican Party politics.” And that was largely what I was writing about in my own research And it was good for me to see in that draft copy that you knew about this history but you were going to focus on something else what is “the Long New Right” and why do you like this term Daniel Schlozman: So the Long New Right… “Long” is definitely a coinage from historians to say that a phrase or moment associated with a particular time period extends beyond it: the Long Civil Rights Movement So we are elongating in the same way the New Right The New Right was a set of actors in the 1970s from the right who pushed single-issue groups and the weaponization of resentment to the exclusion of big-tent coalition-building inside the formal Republican Party Richard Viguerie — and Phyllis Schlafly in a somewhat different way And what we see in their project — in the 1970s most pivotally but extending starting in the post-war period all the way through with echoes down to the present — is this same mercenary Which is why although some of the personalism we’ve been talking a bit about is new we see much more continuity than change in the Trump moment Sam Rosenfeld: There’s both a continuity not in a pristine but substantively a preoccupation with mobilizing resentments And then also continuity in these actors’ disposition towards organizations and institutions: a mercenary instrumental approach to organizational forms There is no commitment and loyalty (in a van Buren sense) to parties as in-and-of-themselves important small-d democratic institutions in the Long New Right’s approach to parties As William Rusher (National Review’s publisher) once said “The GOP is the bottle and conservatism is the wine.”  It’s that kind of approach to organizations writ large (and political institutions as well) that defines the Long New Right’s approach to the political party — and part of why we think it’s so significant for the problems and incapacities of political parties in the era in which they had achieved a breakthrough to the commanding heights of the Republican Party by the 1970s Geoff Kabaservice: And I thought it was an important insight on your part that what defines the Long New Right is not so much ideological commitments as a commitment to conflict as an end in itself “Owning the libs” is not some modern incarnation of this particular conservative movement as has been the disregarding of norms and even the legitimacy of the Democratic Party what is it that all these different strands of actors have in common That’s the glue that’s going to keep all of it together.” Even in its highfalutin form Geoff Kabaservice: You say that you actually take a leaf from the Long New Right’s own self-chroniclers and tell a generational story — and you have a three-act play Daniel Schlozman: The first act… This is the way of conservative presentations of their own histories who was the house historian of movement conservatism The first generation are the figures in the postwar years who create the modern conservative movement: single-issue groups and then coming together in the Goldwater campaign of 1964 very… New Deal liberalism is hegemonic and haven’t really thought in organizational terms about how to do politics This is Weyrich and Viguerie and their discovery in the 1970s (realization is probably the better word) that as American politics does now seem more fluid — as what historians call the New Deal order is cracking up with stagflation after Vietnam — that American politics is fluid and that they can try to build a new conservative majority that will supplant the New Deal And the way to do that is not through the Republican Party which is as Terry Dolan (one of the leading figures in the New Right) says “a place where rich people go to pick their noses.” It is through single-issue groups that will come together in coalitions to pass very conservative priorities has the idea to use his direct mail list to feed the one single-issue group to the next to the next Then the next generation are the enfants terribles who sort of come of age in the 1980s on-screen version of conservatism is especially important This is Laura Ingraham coming out of the Dartmouth Review the young Dinesh D’Souza is very important in this group And they see a transgressiveness — some of which they’ve learned from the style though not the substance of the New Left — as their addition to the right-wing repertoire And so those are the three generations of the Long New Right through the 1980s And then all those characters from the 1980s rise in the ranks and become key figures down to the Trump years Geoff Kabaservice: Let me offer a somewhat inchoate critique of this portraiture-painting which has to do with the dimension of time that you raised when we were talking about American Political Development He is tied into some of the worst impulses and aspects of American political life whether that be his support for Jim Crow in the South all the rest of it; you can go down the list He has come to believe that even if he didn’t distance himself as much from the John Birch Society as various historians and political scientists (such as yourselves) would have liked nevertheless he recognizes that kookiness is a problem for the Republican Party as it’s trying to win popular majorities He has learned something from the Goldwater campaign which had long-term developments that were positive for the conservative movement but ultimately ushered in a second New Deal and changed the context of American political life as well as delivering huge majorities to the Democrats And in fact it is Buckley’s perceived desire to govern responsibly that makes him an establishment figure to that second generation they’re rebelling against the first generation of the New Right And you see this dynamic happen again and again John Boehner enters Congress as a bomb-thrower and eventually becomes someone I would regard as a responsible political leader There is this issue too that the 1960s (particularly the late ‘60s) is not the 1950s And the conservative critique that Democrats are bad on crime actually finds a lot of traction with American voters when it does seem to them that liberals don’t have an answer to what they see in their own neighborhoods as a real development and a lack of order more generally.  So there’s a conception of the Long New Right which in a sense sees it as this unchanging grievance-based critique of the left And yet if you go back and look at the history more granularly there actually is quite a lot of discontinuity among the generations that the revolution eating its children is absolutely a part of the Long New Right’s repertoire Daniel Schlozman: That seems to me like a continuity which is that every generation is playing the same game of We are not going to sell out.” And from our point of view that that is as much its own continuity: the way that these patterns both linguistic and substantive of “uneasy lies the head that wears the crown” persist Sam Rosenfeld: And to put a button on that but because there’s no cohesive ideology that stretches across this period it accelerates and compounds the difficulties of these actors in power attempting to govern That has become more and more impossible to do by the twenty-first century precisely because the actors by the time you get to the third generation push into media as the main name of the game; those are big important parts of the modern right-wing and Republican blob that motivates exactly this kind of “revolution eating its children” all the time But you see that tendency recurring all the way back to the 1950s even as the issues and the context change Daniel Schlozman: And I think that it is certainly the case that as the Republicans become more a post-policy party it becomes harder and harder for anybody to make the critique of liberalism that in the 1960s and the 1970s conservatives make very effectively when the Republican National Committee (of all things) had an actual policy journal for a while “of a sudden the Republicans have become the party of ideas.” And there really has been a discontinuity as these media-centric grievance-focused forces have become everybody; the space for that has diminished to zero or something close tell me if this speaks to your inchoate critique We do not mean by extending this concept to the Long New Right that stretches across multiple decades we do not mean to imply that this is one project for power that it is a long conspiracy that goes all the way back and is the same and one can make the same kind of critiques of what they’re saying substantively It’s precisely that there is no cohesive ideological project It is a recurring pattern of approaches and discourse in politics that finds very different issues and very different contexts across these periods But it’s precisely the kind of… It’s what generates the chaos and incapacity of contemporary Trump-era Republican politics more than it does make an argument that we’re seeing the culmination of a cohesive project Daniel Schlozman: This is a book that is in a lot of ways about the effects of causes rather than the causes of effects “How did we reach our present discontent?” is our question much more than “Exactly at what point could it have gone a different way and what were the balance of forces in each instant?” And precisely because what we want to do is to get at how the Republican Party became what it was we do talk a little bit about where the moderates were talk in the conclusion about who Ray Bliss was Perhaps we do give short shrift to forces that are very important to understanding the politics of the 1950s and are still… Look at the Republican Party in the 1980s after the most decisive moments have happened and there’s still a decent slug of Republican moderates around in Congress This is not a straightforward history of “Who is on top in parties at what time?” It is “What are these different projects for power looking at?” And that means looking where the most interesting things are to be found from our vantage point “Let’s go election by election and see who was on top and who wasn’t” has in turn advantages and disadvantages over the slightly more eclectic approach we’ve taken Geoff Kabaservice: I think our analyses overlap in the sense that we both agree that we ended up with Trump and that this reflects a failure of guardrails both within the Republican Party and within the conservative movement And it’s a question of who you choose to foreground Ronald Reagan is not a prominent figure in your book But the anecdote with which you start the book is from Reagan’s time as president who was chair of the Republican National Committee decided that he didn’t want to have these para-party conservative blob organizations playing such a dominant role in Republican politics And yet he ultimately decided he would make his peace with them And that’s something that Ronald Reagan might not even have been aware of and yet it is part of his legacy when you look at the long view Daniel Schlozman: One of the reasons I insisted that that be the opening anecdote… We called them “loose cannonballs on the deck of a ship.” And it does speak to… Times change It just wouldn’t have occurred to the DNC chair in 2024 to think about all the groups out there in the progressive blob and think They’re such loose cannonballs.” But there they were to go back to that review you wrote of Ezra Klein’s book in your more combative 2020 incarnation… Ezra and I had a disagreement maybe around the time that he was writing the book that became Why We’re Polarized And our debate was about the merits of political history versus political science He thought at the time that political history was really of limited value because none of the actors in politics are honest Politicians behave in ways that you wouldn’t predict on the basis of their stated principles and preferences and voters cast their ballots in ways that are often completely contradictory with their stated preferences you argued that this emphasis on psychology skips over political economy And you pointed particularly to the fact that the GOP’s pro-capital strand ultimately decided that it could make common cause with Trump’s rather noxious strand of populism Is that something that you still emphasize in the current book Daniel Schlozman: We’ve talked to Ezra too We should get everybody in on this conversation This is methodologically an attempt to think about contemporary politics with a lot of lenses: political science and history coming together informed by some sociology and some economics thrown around And how we got here was the interaction of elite actors making their choices and powerful social forces Readers can decide for themselves if there’s big psychology missing But this is an attempt to try to answer the question — if not quite why we are polarized at least why our parties reached their present discontents but I’ve never taken a psychology course in my life; I don’t think Sam has And what happens when you don’t ask psychological questions We think you can explain a huge amount and that in turn historical explanations and the ways to think about them How can actors exploit the opportunities that are made available with them?” Those are the stock in trade of good historical political thinking that Sam and I batted around we just batted around — that will illuminate big political questions the intersection of social science and history in this book is an attempt to try to revive both a conversation across social science and history and then to say Sam Rosenfeld: And not to argue with your paraphrase of something Ezra said that I didn’t hear directly but his point about politicians lying and that’s why political history is of limited value… Obviously historians are aware of… That’s the whole stock in trade of the historical method is to be reading your sources skeptically and with a historical mind.  always think about why these people are saying what they’re saying at any given moment But also that does speak to the extent to which we are doing more intellectual history than you would see in most traditional even historically-minded APD political science because we do think actors putting together these different kinds of party formations across American history those actors are animated in part by ideas about what they’re trying to do by projects for power And often these are not high… Richard Richards wasn’t an eminent intellectual that we’re excavating But their ideas are in fact notable and important and something that we foreground much more than you see in other APD political science and the question in turn of how do historical actors understand the ideas that are motivating them (whether consciously or not) was something we grappled with And we were surprised that a book all about the nuts and bolts of party politics and ward heelers and precinct captains had us thinking in intellectual history ways to an extent that we might not have anticipated given the subject matter and seeming practicalness of what we were writing about Geoff Kabaservice: I think even the most social science-skeptical political historian has had to familiarize himself or herself with the term “revealed preferences.” As promised there were awful lot of subjects in your book brilliant ideas that we didn’t get a chance to cover But I think I can’t let you go without asking you something about the way forward which after all is the subject of your last chapter What can happen that might strengthen the parties and pull them back from their precipices of ineffectuality or extremism Sam Rosenfeld: We have some basic rules of the road We try and avoid being factional in our prescriptions: the idea that some particular faction of one part of the other needs to win and then everything would be great We both recognized that people disagree and have all sorts of agendas and projects for power different factions to do is put be their best pro-party selves — “Be best,” as Melania Trump instructed us all if you are a philanthropist wanting to fund advocacy in politics to achieve things you think are important ask yourself: “Are the ways that I’m acting politically and in my activism conducive to renewing and revitalizing parties and their capacity to make concerted decisions for themselves in American politics?” And that’s an especially important message to send to the many well-minded people involved in the party blobs of the twenty-first century.  And then we have our prescriptions for Democrats We look to the case of Nevada Democrats in the twenty-first century during the long era of the late Harry Reid’s dominance over that party Harry Reid was a nationally prominent political figure who paid a lot of attention to the strength and the vitality of the formal state party organization in his state He invested a lot of money and resources into growing the staff creating a real esprit de corps of Democrats involved in that state and also maintaining close relations with a distinctly vital who were a crucial part of Democrats’ rising fortunes in that state over the last several decades Geoff Kabaservice: Let me actually barge in here for one second. I’ve got another deep cut for you. There’s a New York Times op-ed from January 15th, 2019, co-written by you both, entitled “Why Steve King’s Punishment Took So Long.” And this is about the largely now-forgotten decision by congressional Republican leaders to strip Steve King of his committee assignments for his remarks about white supremacy But you conclude in your next-to-last paragraph: “While the [Republican] party doesn’t lack for proposals that would update its outdated plutocrat-friendly agenda — see the books and proposals from Oren Cass Henry Olsen and figures around the Niskanen Center to name a few — changing this dynamic will not come easy certainly not as easy as various Never Trumpers imagine.” So what would you now recommend that organizations like the Niskanen Center do to move forward Daniel Schlozman: We think that parties don’t reform when they lose narrow elections and they realize that their present path will not work and they need something very And that is the big… And I think that in 2019 it was easier to imagine a kind of “We just switch the dials a little bit and the Republican Party will return to some version of sanity.” And we’re not going to return to that definition of sanity a thoroughly Trumpified party needs to have a very The way to get a very fundamental course correction is lose I think Niskanen itself obviously has got various sides of what you’re trying to do to push policy and to do things that are strictly allowable as a 501(c)(3) some of the things you want to do you can’t do under your tax status — which I think we’ll get back to The theme that we’ve tried to exploit at various points is for all actors across the spectrum to think of how they can behave in ways that are productive And the exercise is not “Listen to what Schlozenfeld says you should do” so much as take all the stuff in the book and do an exercise yourself of: How does this apply to your dilemmas and your politics and your goals And the goal of the book is for different actors to find different things in it rather than to have the one-take-fits-all Geoff Kabaservice: That’s a good concluding answer And congratulations again for your important really thought-provoking and deep book The Hollow Parties: Their Many Pasts and Disordered Present of American Party Politics Geoff Kabaservice: And thank you all for listening to The Vital Center Podcast Please subscribe and rate us on your preferred podcasting platform please include them along with your rating or send us an email at contact@niskanencenter.org Thanks as always to our technical director By Maya KesslerAvid Reader: 400 pages, $28.99If you buy books linked on our site, The Times may earn a commission from Bookshop.org, whose fees support independent bookstores. The advance reader’s edition of Israeli writer Maya Kessler’s debut novel, “Rosenfeld,” arrived on my doorstep with a warning label. On its cover was an “R” like the one used to rate films, and beside it the tagline: “A Grown-Up Love Story for Grown-Ups.” Its publisher, a division of Simon and Schuster that mostly publishes high-end fiction and nonfiction, pronounced it “brazenly sexy” in its marketing materials. Finally, something to distract me from reality! To say that Noa makes Isadora Wing of “Fear of Flying” look like a prude is an understatement. She’s utterly insatiable, and Teddy knows exactly how to please and to play her. On the other hand, unlike Isadora, Noa isn’t in it for a zipless anything: She wants to consume Teddy, and to be consumed. In this dynamic, sex is power, and it’s anybody’s guess as to who will end up on top. Leigh Haber is a writer, editor and publishing strategist. She was director of Oprah’s Book Club and books editor for O, the Oprah Magazine. Books Subscribe for unlimited accessSite Map who served as a shochet and was the rov of the Ahavas Achim Tzemach Tzedek shul in Boro Park as well as a member of the administration of the Central Tomchei Temimim Lubavitch Yeshiva after the Kabolas Hanesius on Yud Shevat 5711 he would chazer a maamar for the Shul’s Mispalelim He is survived by his wife Mrs Krainy Rosenfeld and children; Rabbi Yosef Rosenfeld (Tzfas) Rabbi Shimon Ahron Rosenfeld (Crown Heights) 12:45 PM pass by the Tzemach Tzedek Shul in Borough Park at 1546 46th Street Shiva information: Shiva at 516 Crown Street Shiva open from 8AM-9:30PM Minyanim times:Shachris- 2 minyanim at 8:00 Notify me via e-mail if anyone answers my comment Δdocument.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value" Link IconCopy linkFacebook LogoShare on FacebookXShare on XEmailShare via EmailLink copied to clipboardFred Rosenfeld legendary Overbrook and Central High track coach Rosenfeld was perhaps one of the greatest coaches in Philadelphia Public League history — his track and cross country teams won 51 championships in a career that spanned 35 years Frederick Rosenfeld, 79, a storied Overbrook and Central track and field coach of complications of Parkinson’s disease at Holy Redeemer Hospice in Huntingdon Valley Rosenfeld was perhaps one of the greatest coaches in Philadelphia Public League history — his track and cross-country teams won 51 championships in a career that spanned 35 years and sent multiple athletes onto successful stints as college athletes he was coach to all of us,” said Jon Drummond Rosenfeld encouraged to try out for the track team at Overbrook in 1984 Drummond went on to win two Olympic medals He went on to become a physical education teacher briefly at FitzSimons Junior High then for 24 years at his high school alma mater before spending the last 11 years of his teaching and coaching career at Central Rosenfeld enjoyed teaching and excelled at it plucking kids who had never run a mile from the Overbrook hallways Overbrook students didn’t take the school bus to meets at Belmont Plateau; they threw their backpacks on the bus and jogged there “He was meticulous,” said Mister Mann Frisby who transferred to Overbrook from Bodine High School in 1991 because he wanted to run track for the already-storied Mr If you want to know what you ran on March 26 with the weather written down at the top of the page.” Rosenfeld cared deeply about his athletes as people and kept in touch with them through the years Rosenfeld bought tickets to an Olympic trial race where Drummond was coaching; Drummond heard his mentor was present and brought him to a VIP box where he hobnobbed with the likes of track and field Olympians Jackie Joyner-Kersee and Gail Devers He helped so many get their lives started.” he was asked about what he had gotten out of teaching and coaching “I’ve just always hoped that the kids have gotten something nice out of it,” Mr “I really like it when I see guys in their 30s and 40s who come back around and say they really enjoyed participating in track or cross-country Many of the kids haven’t done either sport before I’ve gotten them to develop a skill they didn’t even know they had.” Rosenfeld was inducted into the halls of fame for Overbrook High Mr. Rosenfeld and his wife of 56 years, Wendy, spent 20 years at Camp Nock-A-Mixon in Bucks County where he was athletic director and boys’ head counselor He cofounded and codirected the Briarwood Running Camp for 25 years After his retirement, Mr. Rosenfeld, a longtime resident of Ardmore volunteered with Students Run Philly Style and helped establish the Penn Running Club and the Academy at Palumbo a district magnet school modeled after Central Rosenfeld often had to sacrifice time with his family to coach and teach at the level he did but they were his pride and joy — his wife the six grandchildren to whom he was a silly Rosenfeld; it’s what made Wendy Rosenfeld fall in love with him They were set up on a blind date and got along famously I want it to be romantic,’” Wendy Rosenfeld said get back in the car!’ Then he bought me an engagement ring with his bar mitzvah money.” People just fell in love with him — he was warm and open Rosenfeld was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease 12 years ago; he kept active as long as he could but his health worsened considerably this year a parade of former students paid homage to him — at home A memorial service will be held at noon Monday Contributions may be made to the Michael J Share on FacebookShare on X (formerly Twitter)Share on PinterestShare on LinkedInWILMINGTON (WECT) - The Wilmington Police Department (WPD) is searching for 40-year-old Kathryn Ann Rosenfeld Anyone with information should call (910) 343-3609 Rosenfeld's Jewish Delicatessen is opening a brand new location Friday The deli is situated in the same shopping center as Goin' Nuts Café ROSENFELD'S DELI CLOSES IN OCEAN CITY: Rosenfeld's Jewish Deli looks back on past 11 years in Ocean City, and bright future ahead kosher-style deli's highly anticipated relocation to Salisbury comes after its original spot closed permanently in the popular resort town destination of Ocean City The deli also operates two additional spots in Rehoboth Beach and South Bethany SALISBURY'S INTERNATIONAL FOOD SCENE: Two new Salisbury restaurants add to city's international flair with Thai, Indian flavors EASTERN SHORE BUSINESS HAPPENINGS: Pretzel shop opens in Berlin, two new coffee shops across Lower Shore | What's Going There CEO and President of the Carmel Christkindlmarkt has been appointed to the European Excellent Christmas Market Association (EECMA) Board – a prestigious organization comprised of top leaders in the international Christmas market industry The 10-member EECMA board sets the gold standard for Christmas market event management across the globe Rosenfeld will help guide key decisions on member and award applications As the first American to serve on the board she will represent the United States and Canada leading the review of submissions from across North America Frys which is a part of Kroger has been doing senior day for years but learned I am allergic to the metals used in the implants I would really like to know if this procedure is less painful during recovery I’m having a long overdue knee surgery in the near future for a bone on bone situation IS THE OP SAFE FOR AN EDERLY WOMAN????????? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0 location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null "\/liveblog_entry\/idf-reservist-charged-in-pms-office-leak-will-be-released-to-house-arrest\/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=_MAWlkPydAgIAZicSNPOhz3_a5EBapQXgO5JjplQXwo-1746483165-1.0.1.1-J2hrbD4EHuVQpxIOY3j6a5IN8qKVJNJwSi8DOivEiv8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}()); – The Rosenfelds Jewish Delicatessen is returning to Ocean City After an agreement with Shmagel’s Bagel’s Shmagel Bagel’s menu will remain intact They will add the entire Rosenfeld’s lunch and dinner menu They will also offer select items from the breakfast menu The new business name will be Rosenfeld’s Jewish Deli this is just another addition to his growing business The new Ocean City store is just an additional location.” Because Local Matters the cyber expert who tried to get a hot Hamas document to Bibi's desk armed and masked agents from the Israel Security Agency were clear about two things: They had to surprise their target and they could not return to headquarters empty-handed their two-and-a-half-year-old son was sleeping The Shabak agents ordered the man to accompany them His wife was forbidden from telling anyone what had happened They showed an increment of mercy by allowing her to inform her parents but warned that if anyone else found out about the operation or Lebanon; it happened on the seamline between Ramat Gan and Bnei Brak and the arrested fellow was no terrorist or underworld operative but a 30-year-old frum reserve soldier who had just come out of over 200 days of service in defense of the country — and known to the public until last week simply as “Noncommissioned officer A.” “NCO A” was revealed to be a young man named Ari (Aharon) Rosenfeld a noncommissioned officer in IDF Military Intelligence is arguably the most talked-about prisoner in Israel and his area of expertise remain prohibited from publication.) are the central figures in a highly politically charged saga that Israeli media has dubbed “BibiLeaks.” Rosenfeld was charged last month with transferring classified information an offense that is punishable by seven to fifteen years in prison as well as theft by an authorized person and obstruction of justice The indictment in the backstory to an alleged leak of a classified document to the German tabloid Bild in September which ostensibly detailed Hamas’s priorities and tactics in hostage negotiations which underscored many of the ideas the public knew to be true all along — that Hamas wasn’t interested in a ceasefire deal and only wanted to drag out talks to gain time to rebuild its military capabilities and pin blame on Netanyahu for the failure to reach a deal — was allegedly unlawfully removed from the IDF’s military intelligence database by Rosenfeld a spokesman in the Prime Minister’s Office But instead of Feldstein making sure it got to the prime minister The indictment alleges that Rosenfeld gave a top-secret document to Feldstein believing it to be imperative for the prime minister to receive directly and realizing that it would likely get stonewalled if sent through the official chain of command Feldstein did not immediately pass on the document he attempted to leak its contents to Israeli media in order to counter mass protests that broke out after six bodies of executed hostages were retrieved from Gaza to alleviate criticism against Netanyahu and to reduce the public pressure from the left to railroad a very bad deal for Israel following the murders But the military censor prohibited its publication assumedly because it might have derailed a certain political agenda Yet Netanyahu himself didn’t seem to have a problem with the leak — he even referred to the Bild story in a September 8 cabinet meeting saying it revealed that Hamas planned “to tear us apart from within” but that “the great majority of Israel’s citizens are not falling into this Hamas trap.” who was released from prison to house arrest at the beginning of December was charged with “transferring classified information with the intent to harm the state,” a charge that can carry a sentence of life in prison While their charges and motivations were different both Feldstein and Rosenfeld were denied access to legal counsel for ten days following their arrest Although the Shin Bet claims it’s only interested in identifying and stopping the leaks Netanyahu himself publicly defended both young men arguing that the case is politically motivated and noting that there have been numerous damaging leaks from the war cabinet — highly classified intelligence that had reached the press endangering both the hostages and Israeli soldiers — that have never been investigated leaks are an integral part of the media culture in Israel sort of a superhighway of unofficial information that the foreign press In a slew of public demonstrations for both Feldstein and the still-incarcerated Rosenfeld supporters say that it’s absurd to consider the very idea that passing information to the prime minister is a threat to national security and that the prime minister should have been given the information to begin with While opponents of Netanyahu accused him of purposely leaking the document to torpedo a ceasefire deal so as to pursue his war aims and his political survival critics of the indictment say that this entire chapter needs to be understood within the context of ongoing efforts by the IDF General Staff and the Shin Bet to whitewash their own culpability for events related to October 7 aided by allies in the justice system who are determined to oust Netanyahu from power at all costs one of them being why the document was classified in the first place then why wasn’t it put straightaway onto the prime minister’s desk Is this another example of a two-tiered justice system that sanctions leaks as a matter of course but cracks down on them if the agenda is the pursuit of Netanyahu “We’re talking about an outstanding noncommissioned officer and this terrible injustice must end,” Diaspora Affairs Minister Amichai Chikli told a crowd of Rosenfeld’s supporters last Motzaei Shabbos outside Ayalon Prison “This man doesn’t deserve prison — he deserves a certificate of excellence How is it that Ari is in prison and the four troublemakers who fired flares at the prime minister’s residence were released?” Rabbi Shmuel Rosenfeld’s home in Jerusalem’s Har Nof neighborhood the family is preparing to light the menorah they’re praying for a different kind of miracle — that their son Ari who has been languishing in prison for over a month “How would you explain to someone unfamiliar with the case why your son is still in jail?” I ask longtime sofer and owner of the Min Hastam Judaica store in Jerusalem “That is precisely what we’re asking ourselves.” Ari — whose parents made aliyah from Queens in 1980 and first settled in the then-new yishuv of Beit El before moving to Jerusalem — studied at Maarava yeshivah high school a chareidi hesder-like yeshivah where students learn a regular yeshivah seder during the day and study for a degree in computers/cyber in the evenings after which they work for the IDF in intelligence and technology He also volunteered for organizations that assisted children with illness or special needs Ari served for three years in an elite IDF cyber unit he was hired by a private security firm and earned a degree in psychology and criminology while always making time for Torah study and responding diligently to calls for reserve duty so far having served over 200 days in uniform “He wasn’t allowed to disclose anything to his wife or to us but you could see the pain in his eyes,” says Reb Shmuel He had access to much more information than the rest of us did I would pasken that we should say Hallel every day.’ feeling the pain of his friends and fellow soldiers who had to confront a ruthless enemy And he understood that he was part of the fight in an existential war for the country’s survival Perhaps that’s why it’s so difficult to understand the way he’s being treated now Unlike most Western countries where the military is generally a strong conservative force the highest-ranking officials of the IDF have historically leaned toward centrist or leftist preferring to believe in illusive peace partners and the innate goodness of those who don’t hesitate to advocate for Israel’s annihilation it’s an open secret that the IDF’s upper echelons are still dominated by figures who harbor a deep disdain for Netanyahu and wouldn’t mind seeing him toppled once and for all while serving in an elite cybersecurity unit Ari came across highly sensitive information that he considered “extremely significant.” but he felt it was something that could be immensely detrimental to the ongoing efforts concerning the hostages,” Reb Shmuel says ‘This must get directly to the prime minister.’ Now you hope it will reach the prime minister’s desk and so he sought out another route — through Eli Feldstein “Ari knew the ramifications of bypassing protocol and sharing information this way And part of that had to do with the recent disclosures regarding how the surveillance reports from the mainly female lookout units on the border with Gaza were ignored prior to October 7.” But the larger looming question Reb Shmuel asks — the same question Netanyahu himself asked when he spoke in defense of the young men — is why there had to be this subterfuge in the first place Why wasn’t this document — which essentially stated what most of the country had understood on its own about how Hamas wants to pit factions within Israel against each other in order to weaken the government’s position and stall the negotiations — on Bibi’s desk there is even new Knesset legislation being drafted in light of this case that would permit any information to reach the prime minister without going through the hoops of military hierarchy While the court granted Eli Feldstein house arrest noting his lack of a criminal record and his not being a dangerous threat Ari was “too dangerous and possessed too much information” to be allowed home held in the highest regard by everyone,” says Rabbi Rosenfeld Send him home and hook him up to electronic monitoring systems if they suspect any red flags.” and 26 high-ranking military officials have called for his release officers in Military Intelligence wrote that “The treatment of our friend increases the internal mistrust within the unit and affects the morale of the entire unit take our friend out of the political game… and transfer the affair to an internal disciplinary procedure of the IDF… The affair has been blown out of proportion in a disgusting way when raw information is published in the Israeli media and no investigation was launched Ari is being held in the same prison as terrorists While there was originally a gag order on Ari Rosenfeld’s identity because of his high security clearance he himself petitioned that his name be released to the public He said he couldn’t fight for his reputation if his name remained blacked out “My name is being tarnished,” Ari said in an appeal last week in court I don’t understand how I ended up still being detained but his family only found out the following Motzaei Shabbos “They didn’t want to worry us,” says Reb Shmuel “They had no inkling as to the direction this was really going They thought it would be a few days maximum and then everything would be straightened out I messaged my daughter-in-law Avital: We’re trying to call Ari he always comes in at some point or at least contacts us.’ “They’re keeping him in prison because they claim he’s holding lots of top-secret information and if they let him out to house arrest they claim he could cause a security breach,” Reb Shmuel continues but the state attorney claims there’s more information so he has to stay behind bars until the end of the trial even though we all know that his danger level is nil there was no intent to go to the enemy — it was all for Israel’s protection.” is really just carrying the family torch — the Rosenfeld family has always been unwavering in its dedication to Torah and love for Am Yisrael my father’s family didn’t have the financial means to send him to yeshivah he had to go to work at a very young age,” Reb Shmuel relates gave him a few coins to take a trolley to go from the Lower East Side to midtown Manhattan to look for a job there was a shiur being given by Rav Yaakov Moshe Shurkin (later of Yeshivas Chaim Berlin) who had just come from Europe and was a gevaldige masmid but wanted to pay him as he was a destitute immigrant So my father would give him the trolley money and instead When Reb Shmuel was a child — he’s now a young 71 — his parents decided to move from Chicago to New York so that their children would be exposed to a more diversified Torah education and to the gedolei Yisrael who came over from Europe Reb Shmuel studied at Toras Emes in Brooklyn continued at Kamenitz and then Ner Yisroel in Baltimore and received semichah from Rav Tuvia Goldstein of Yeshiva Emek Halacha Reb Shmuel’s father worked in the offices of Mesivta Tiferes Yerushalayim so when Reb Shmuel visited him on the Lower East Side he occasionally had the chance to exchange a few words with Rav Moshe Feinstein When Reb Moshe’s name comes up in our conversation Rabbi Rosenfeld gets up to retrieve something He returns with an old edition of Igros Moshe The Gelbtuch family lived in the same building as the Feinsteins would wake up early for years in order to be downstairs at the building’s entrance at 7 a.m sharp to open the door for Rav Moshe and wish him good morning Rabbi Rosenfeld says that Ari’s affinity for bearing the communal burden is an offshoot of his own upbringing in the US “The ceiling in MTJ was about five meters high and I remember one night seeing Rav Moshe Feinstein standing on a ladder what are you doing up there?’ And he replied that he was organizing the books so that in the morning the bochurim would find them in place and there wouldn’t be any bittul Torah And this was because most of the bochurim were in college at night would encourage us to learn a profession so that we’d be able to provide for our future families “Ari followed in our footsteps and spearheaded a yeshivah called Derech Chaim which enabled boys to learn Torah in-depth during the day and be taught and trained to serve an elite military unit.” The Rosenfelds married in 1977 and settled in Queens but it wasn’t necessarily in the immediate plans of the young couple “I came home and noticed that our mezuzah had been removed ‘That’s it,’ and we began the process of making aliyah.” They were among the pioneering families that settled in the nascent Moshav Mattityahu although the communal living arrangement at the time wasn’t quite what the Rosenfelds were seeking “We loved the land and wanted to build something It wasn’t exactly a typical choice for a couple from New York ‘Did we come to Israel just to keep speaking English?’” when a random inspection of his tefillin revealed a flaw that rendered the batim unfit for use Reb Shmuel developed an interest in the production of tefillin and as one of only a few English speakers living in Beit El at the time he soon found a niche in the local tefillin factory giving tours to groups of visitors and becoming a certified sofer himself and over the years has become a recognized expert in the world of Sta”m He was also one of the yishuv’s volunteer ambulance drivers the Intifada broke out and the road to Beit El became a veritable war zone Neighbors were being attacked with stones or Molotov cocktails on the route had his car stoned and escaped harm by a hair’s breadth a neighbor went to buy eggs in the neighboring Arab village “The terrorists told the vendor to alert them when the Jew arrived or they would kill his wife,” Reb Shmuel relates They had to call forensic experts to identify him.” where he continued to be a role model of community service his eyes lighting up as he shows me photos of Ari — in one as a volunteer at a camp for children with special needs participating in a marathon to raise funds for special-needs children Ari volunteered for years on Fridays for the Lev Chaim organization distributing food in Shaare Zedek Medical Center as he provided a warm smile and  words of comfort to the ill “The word ‘I’ doesn’t exist in Ari’s vocabulary,” Reb Shmuel says “Only ‘them,’ ‘you,’ or ‘yours.’ ” Throughout the struggle to secure his son’s release Reb Shmuel has learned about countless selfless acts Aharon carried out quietly The prison arranged that Ari could have weekly exams in order to maintain his Torah study schedule He’s already on his third masechta in prison He recites the entire Sefer Tehillim daily as well “Is this what you made aliyah for?” His response is firm: “No,” he says We didn’t make aliyah out of allegiance to a government We made aliyah because of our love for Eretz Yisrael.” Avital wrote the following lines on social media: “Ari and I met while volunteering together at an organization for cancer patients has given his heart and soul to this country and contributed to Israel’s security in many ways over the years My son Eviatar and I have barely seen him since October 7 my hero Ari is in detention until the end of the proceedings because he believed he was doing the right thing for our beloved country by passing on critical intelligence to the political echelon over a thousand people from across the country gathered outside Ayalon Prison to show their support for Ari crying together out loud: “Bring home Ari now!” —Rachel Ginsberg contributed to this report Yisrael YoskowitzNo Regrets  “Anti-Semitism hasn’t disappeared Today it hides under the guise of ‘criticism of Israel,’ but it’s the same old poison” Yitzchok LandaLimited LiabilityShe can’t undo the insurance mess but Shuli Berger makes sure the system works for you Tzivia MethStill in the Story   Rabbi Marcus Lehmann's pen instilled Jewish confidence in his generation and beyond  Mishpacha StaffHalf the Battle For Rav Meir Mazuz every struggle was about the sanctity of the Jewish nation Binyamin RoseReady, Willing, and Able   Israel's US ambassador Yechiel Leiter relives his knock on history's door  Yaacov LipszycDevils’ AdvocatesA guide to the web of evil that spirited away Nazis to sanctuary in South America – Rosenfeld’s Jewish Delicatessen is the real deal and serves up one heck of a meal all-beef hot dog … It’s a big one We actually have it specially made by one of our vendors,” said owner Warren Rosenfeld which is lovingly developed in an Alto-Shaam for up to five hours “Low and slow … We’ve been told that our corned beef is more tender than most I really think it’s because of the way we prepare it,” Rosenfeld explained The fresh bun is slathered in Russian dressing which Rosenfeld says is part of any good Reuben it’s piled onto the dog with a soaring tower of sourkraut The last step is a blanket of Swiss cheese It’s giving me all those great ballpark flavors that you remember from being a kid … I probably need a lobster bib but this is a beautiful dog that is at least two meals Maybe three if you’re watching your calories,” Foodie Photog Mike said with a laugh the brisket Reuben from Rosenfelds reigns king but the sandwich was almost as big as Foodie Friday host Hannah Cechini’s head “It starts out with our Rotella marbeled bread that comes in from Chicago which is sour cream and horseradish,” Rosenfeld described the handheld Rosenfeld said plenty of butter on the grill is the secret to achieving the perfect texture for the bread A bountiful bed of brisket is laid on the buttery bread then a veritable mountain of the cool stuff You might need some climbing great to summit the half-pound of coleslaw on this sandwich It adds an unexpected but really pleasant sweetness to the overall flavor of the sandwich which I think is excusable for a Reuben sandwich,” Hannah said through a big smile And the only way to wrap up a perfect Jewish deli experience is with a pickle-y palate cleanser crunchy pickle,” Hannah said with satisfaction Rosenfeld’s Jewish Delicatessen is located at 923 Mt tell the team that you saw them on Foodie Friday The Levaya of Rabbi Avraham Yitzchok Rosenfeld obm, the Rav of Tzemach Tzedek Shul in Boro Park for close to 50 years, passed by 770 Eastern Parkway on the way to burial on Wednesday. Photos Name the one issue you think is most important for the Chicago Board of Education to focus on this year.The school board’s top priority should be reestablishing trust with parents Our work must be conducted in a transparent manner that includes voices and perspectives from around the city Rosenfeld pushed past five other candidates — and fellow CPS parents — to become the Chicago School Board’s member from the largely wealthy North Side District 4 including establishment Democratic organizations “school choice” groups and more conservative groups — some which Rosenfeld did not solicit they are my clients,” Rosenfeld said just after the election was appointed by Mayor Brandon Johnson to serve on the board Rosenfeld was the lone candidate in her race who said on a WBEZ/Sun-Times/Chalkbeat survey that the school board should continue raising the property tax levy to the maximum allowed by the state each year But she said that’s out of necessity and there need to be new revenue sources to address the district’s structural deficit She also she doesn’t support requiring all schools to select from a certain curriculum authorized by the school board arguing educators should be able to personalize lessons for their unique classes Rosenfeld also said she supporting keeping outgoing CPS CEO Pedro Martinez The board voted in December to fire him effective in June Terms of Use • Privacy Notice • Cookie Policy • Terms of Sale Issues with signing in? Click here Need help signing in? Rosenfeld will contribute to defining and driving the investment strategy of MxEP's Innovation funds View all events > Your email address is already registered with us. Click here to receive a verification link and login. Don't have an account? Click here to register Please check your spam or junk folder just in case