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SearchBrowseServicesOpen researchInstitution LoginSearchMenu links The recent discovery of several late Linearbandkeramik (LBK) sites in Central Europe has revealed evidence for increasing diversity in Neolithic mortuary practices which may reflect inter-community war and socio-political crisis at the end of the LBK the authors combine osteological and radiocarbon analyses of inhumations from Vráble Rather than a straightforward sign of inter-community conflict and war this development reflects a culmination of internal conflict and a diversification in the ritual treatment of human bodies The emerging variability in LBK methods of manipulating and depositing dead bodies can be interpreted as an experimental approach in how to negotiate social conflicts and community boundaries Vráble is a newly discovered LBK site in south-west Slovakia that has yielded evidence for diverse ways of handling the dead Some of the buried individuals show clear signs of post-mortem manipulation and the overall context hints at the use of specific burial rituals Vráble therefore adds a specific point of reference for interpretation of the previously mentioned examples further sharpening understanding of the ways in which the first farmers in Central Europe engaged with death and the deceased Vráble also adds to our understanding of the role that violence played in such practices and in the social dynamics within communities Figure 1. Vráble (star) and other sites mentioned in the text in relation to the general distribution of early LBK sites (shown in green, after Lüning Reference Lüning1988: 32 & fig Above) the three separate neighbourhoods of Vráble shown in the magnetic prospection data with the interpreted houses as white rectangles the ditches around the south-western neighbourhood as white lines and a high-resolution shaded elevation model as backdrop; the excavated areas in the south-western neighbourhood are clearly visible Below) the southern entrances to the enclosure around the south-western neighbourhood of Vráble and the excavated areas (figure by N The settlement of Vráble dates to between c. 5250 and 4950 cal BC (Furholt et al. Reference Furholt, Bátora, Cheben, Kroll, Rassmann and Tóth2014; Meadows et al. Reference Meadows, Müller-Scheessel, Cheben, Agerskov Rose and Furholt2019) The enclosure surrounding the south-western neighbourhood has a maximum perimeter of approximately 1450m and consists of three concentric components: two ditches and one palisade and a distinct phase of re-cutting is visible in the profile sections The inner ditch is smaller at only 1.5m wide Although the excavation of the ditches yielded no direct evidence concerning their temporal relationship their parallel courses suggest either that they were contemporaneous or that one was still clearly visible when the other was dug The absence of fine-grained fill layers that would indicate slow silting suggests that the fills of the ditches formed rapidly We therefore assume that the ditches were dug shortly before the oldest of the human burials were placed towards the bottom of the re-cut ditch deposits Excavations in Vráble have so far yielded the remains of approximately 19 human individuals (see Table S1 in the online supplementary material (OSM)) we cannot establish whether bones found considerable distances apart belong to the same individual or whether disarticulated bones found close together originate from different individuals The grouping of bone scatters was based on both proximity and plausibility stable isotope values and radiocarbon-dating of single bones Selection of burials from Vráble: 1) G13/S23; 2) G12/S23; 3) G7/S21; 4) G8/S21; 5) G4/S21; 6) G9/S21; 7) G2/S21 (figure by N a lack of cut marks indicates that it was probably removed following a period of decomposition The removal of the skulls and the single hand is also consistent with the hypothesis that the bodies were left uncovered for a period of time following deposition A particularly heavily disturbed individual (G5/S21) although it is unclear when these elements were separated from the post-cranial skeleton due to extensive disturbance of the extant remains I17/S23 & I18/S21) were found in the fills of the ditches These finds are more problematic to subsume under one specific burial custom as they potentially result from a number of different depositional processes originate from older burials that were disturbed and re-deposited during the digging of the ditches or from corpses that were left exposed on the ditch bank for an extended period so that only very few elements became incorporated into the ditch fill It seems very likely that further excavation of the outer ditch will yield many more individuals as only 50m of the 1450m circuit has so far been excavated Selection of grave goods from Vráble: 1) ceramic vessel from the upper layer of the outer ditch; 2) flint blade from burial G8/S21; 3) Spondylus medallion from an animal burrow; 4) flat adze from G7/S21 We suggest that the medallion probably derives from a now destroyed grave Most of the Vráble individuals are adults although the sex of eight individuals cannot be determined Due to the relatively small sample size and the restricted excavation area palaeodemographic analyses seem unnecessary especially as only one child and no elderly adults (60+) were present Most of the adult individuals died between the ages of 18 and 35 years with only two males and one female surviving past 35 years of age (see OSM4 for the methods used to assess age A fully healed fracture of the mid-shaft of the right tibia was observed in one individual (female G12/S23) Bayesian model of mortuary activity at Vráble (cf Full model code is provided in OSM3 (figure by J Figure 7. Summaries of modelled radiocarbon data (cf. Figure 6) of crouched and non-crouched burials from Vráble, obtained using the OxCal function KDE_Plot (Bronk Ramsey Reference Bronk Ramsey2017) within each bounded phase of the model shown in Figure 6 Crosses indicate the median calibrated (grey) and modelled (black) date of each individual and thus the number of dated individuals of each type (figure by J Figure 8. Modelled dates of crouched burials (cf. Figure 6) from Vráble (figure by J the differences in mortuary treatment at Vráble are striking While some individuals were buried (with clear investment in terms of time others were left exposed for a certain period of time the skulls of at least three skeletons from the ‘irregular’ group were removed during the decomposition process The true prevalence of this practice at Vráble cannot yet be assessed properly as some of the bone scatters were too poorly preserved as the modus operandi with the three articulated skeletons was identical this behaviour seems to have been part of a regular ritual practice within the Vráble community Such ancestor worship seems particularly unlikely in the case of the child from Vráble (G4/S21) Unfortunately, it is not easy to form a reliable overview of the general health of LBK individuals or the level of violence that they experienced. Four out of the eleven (36.4 per cent) well-preserved adult individuals from Vráble exhibit spinal defects. Tvrdý (Reference Tvrdý2016) reports a similar prevalence of spinal defects in 12 of the 37 (32.4 per cent) adult individuals from the nearby LBK cemetery at Nitra it seems that the prevalence of degenerative pathologies was similar at both Vráble and Nitra (only degenerative conditions are reported for the latter site) Cranial and post-cranial trauma observed in adult individuals from LBK cemeteries and settlement contexts (figure by N Figure 10. Models of all available AMS radiocarbon dates of LBK human bone samples. All dates at each site are placed between uniform phase boundaries, and the OxCal function KDE_Plot (Bronk Ramsey Reference Bronk Ramsey2017) is used to summarise the modelled dates (figure by N Vráble provides evidence with which to address two key current debates around LBK communities: their supposed ‘violent’ ends and, second, the variability of their burial practices. Some scholars envisage a direct connection between these two issues, seeing increasing mortuary variability towards the end of the LBK as further evidence for the violent termination of the LBK cultural model (e.g. Farruggia Reference Farruggia2001/2002: 120) While the evidence from Vráble seems to confirm the wider observation of diversification in burial rites towards the end of the LBK gruesome methods of handling the dead must represent the last stage of burial activity at a site crouched burials clearly post-date the headless individuals placed in the ditch we consider that the differential treatment of the dead was also probably driven by intra-community tensions Vráble further emphasises the variability in motives for manipulating and depositing human bodies in enclosure ditches in LBK settlements Traditional cultural-historical research tended to reify prehistoric cultural practices assuming that they constituted strict rules that must be followed we see a proliferation of different LBK ways of handling dead bodies rituals and acts of magic—all of which can be interpreted as experimental approaches Conceptualising LBK methods of manipulating human bodies in this way allows us to avoid the automatic attribution of evidence of interpersonal violence to functional explanations This is not intended to negate any of the suffering that some individuals of but it calls into question a simplified differentiation between ‘war’—where people suffer violent deaths—and ‘peace’ where the dead are buried in neat burial pits Vráble demonstrates much variation between the two We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their insights and helpful comments This research was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG Müller) and the Vedecká grantová agentúra MŠVVaŠ SR a SAV (VEGA; project 2/0107/17; PI: I To view supplementary material for this article, please visit https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2020.103 Figure 1. Vráble (star) and other sites mentioned in the text in relation to the general distribution of early LBK sites (shown in green, after Lüning 1988: 32 & fig. 4) (figure by N. Müller-Scheeßel). Figure 3. Selection of burials from Vráble: 1) G13/S23; 2) G12/S23; 3) G7/S21; 4) G8/S21; 5) G4/S21; 6) G9/S21; 7) G2/S21 (figure by N. Müller-Scheeßel). Figure 4. Examples of skeletal pathology at Vráble: 1) left clavicle from G3/S21, with signs of animal activity (arrows); 2) probable fractured and healed right metacarpal bone (‘boxer's fracture’) of G13/S23 (Figure 3.1); 3) clavicles from G13/S23, with the fracture affecting the left clavicle marked by arrows; 4) fused cervical vertebrae from G5/S21; 5) notochord defect on a cervical vertebra from G12/S23 (Figure 3.2) (figure by Z. Hukeľová). Figure 5. Selection of grave goods from Vráble: 1) ceramic vessel from the upper layer of the outer ditch; 2) flint blade from burial G8/S21; 3) Spondylus medallion from an animal burrow; 4) flat adze from G7/S21. 1) Scale = 1:3; 2–4) scale = 1:2. (figure by E. Bakytová & G. Müller-Scheeßel). Figure 6. Bayesian model of mortuary activity at Vráble (cf. OSM1). For underlying assumptions, see OSM2. Full model code is provided in OSM3 (figure by J. Meadows). Figure 7. Summaries of modelled radiocarbon data (cf. Figure 6) of crouched and non-crouched burials from Vráble, obtained using the OxCal function KDE_Plot (Bronk Ramsey 2017) within each bounded phase of the model shown in Figure 6. Crosses indicate the median calibrated (grey) and modelled (black) date of each individual, and thus the number of dated individuals of each type (figure by J. Meadows). Figure 8. Modelled dates of crouched burials (cf. Figure 6) from Vráble (figure by J. Meadows). Figure 9. Cranial and post-cranial trauma observed in adult individuals from LBK cemeteries and settlement contexts (figure by N. Müller-Scheeßel). Figure 10. Models of all available AMS radiocarbon dates of LBK human bone samples. All dates at each site are placed between uniform phase boundaries, and the OxCal function KDE_Plot (Bronk Ramsey 2017) is used to summarise the modelled dates (figure by N. Müller-Scheeßel). Müller-Scheeßel et al. supplementary material - No HTML tags allowed- Web page URLs will display as text only- Lines and paragraphs break automatically- Attachments, images or tables are not permitted Your email address will be used in order to notify you when your comment has been reviewed by the moderator and in case the author(s) of the article or the moderator need to contact you directly. Notifications can be managed in browser preferences. A soldier has handed himself in to police I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from The Independent. Read our Privacy notice Four people, including a child, were killed in shootings in northern Germany, police and prosecutors said on Friday. They said the suspect is a soldier who turned himself in. The four victims were shot overnight at locations in the rural Scheessel and Bothel areas, near Hannover and Bremen, authorities said in a statement. The suspect, a German soldier, surrendered to police shortly after the shooting, they said. His motive was not immediately clear, but they said that “a motive in the family environment cannot be ruled out”. Join thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their replies govt and politics","score":0.890909},{"label":"/law govt and politics/law enforcement","score":0.839153},{"label":"/law FOX 2 Welsh singer Duffy, who revealed earlier this year that she had been kidnapped and raped criticizing the streaming service for its decision to air the “erotic” kidnap film “365 Days.” Addressing Netflix CEO Reed Hastings that the film “glamorizes the brutal reality of sex trafficking which Netflix describes as an “erotic drama,” is based on the bestselling Polish novel “365 dni” by Blanka Lipinska It tells the story of a woman who is abducted imprisoned and repeatedly sexually abused by a mafia boss — who gives her one year to fall in love with him other than to reach out and explain to you in this letter how irresponsible it was of Netflix to broadcast the film ‘365 Days,'” the 36-year-old singer wrote in the letter to Hastings “This should not be anyone’s idea of entertainment or be commercialized in this manner,” she said adding that the film “distorts” sexual violence “eroticises” kidnapping and was “careless Following a long hiatus away from the public eye Duffy revealed in an Instagram post in February that she had been raped and drugged she published further details of the ordeal in a post on her own website to free herself of her emotional burden and help others who “have suffered the same.” In the post and raped over a four-week period after being drugged at a restaurant on her birthday “I knew my life was in immediate danger he made veiled confessions of wanting to kill me,” she wrote “I was high risk of suicide in the aftermath.” Duffy is not the only critic of “365 Days,” which has received a number of poor reviews, including a 0% score on the review aggregation site Rotten Tomatoes CNN has reached out to Netflix for comment on Duffy’s letter Δdocument.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value" these are the actual most popular baby names so far in 2025 Whether it’s a short vacation or they’re jetting off to begin their career show the future traveler you care with a meaningful graduation gift National Teacher Appreciation Week begins May 5 take advantage of these freebies and deals With the 2023 FIM Long Track World Championship now entering the second half of the series the top riders on the planet will resume their battle for supremacy at the season’s fourth Final this coming Saturday (20 August) at Scheessel in Germany Series pacesetter is Britain’s super-experienced Chris ‘Bomber’ Harris who has come out on top at the two previous Finals but the forty-year-old will have to fight for every available point if he is to maintain and even extend his slender one-point advantage Following the opening two Finals of the championship at Herxheim in Germany and Ostrów in Poland there was a three-way tie for the lead between Martin Smolinski from Germany Britain’s Zach Wajtknecht and Josef Franc from the Czech Republic although this all changed last time out at Marmande in France in mid-July After claiming a career-first victory at Ostrów Harris carried his momentum into Marmande where his dramatic win lifted him from fourth to first as Franc – who won at Herxheim – dropped off the pace after failing to make the Grand Final on a tough night for the forty-four-year-old Smolinski – who won the title in 2018 – sits just one point behind Harris and has been showing great form this season to claim the second step of the podium in Poland and France though the thirty-eight-year-old is still counting the cost of a mechanical issue that saw him trail in last in the Grand Final at the opening round Wajtknecht is very much the young gun of the championship contenders but after taking victory at the last two Finals of 2022 on his way to the series silver he is still chasing a first victory this year and he is now ten points behind Wajtknecht and needs to score solid points on Saturday afternoon if he is to keep his title hopes alive He will also be looking to stay ahead of fifth-placed Lukas Fienhage who he leads by a single point after the German placed fifth in France With such a strong field of riders there is no shortage of challengers and fans have yet to see the best of 2021 champion Romano Hummel from the Netherlands however the biggest challenge to the top-three could very well come from a pair of wild card riders Dutchman Dave Meijerink made his 2023 series debut in Marmande where he impressed with a fighting fourth in the Grand Final and Scheessel will see the eagerly awaited return to Long Track of Erik Riss The twenty-seven-year-old has concentrated more on Speedway in recent years and the German – who took the gold medal in 2014 and 2016 – will be aiming to shake things up at the front on home soil Starts will be vital on the one-thousand-metre Scheessel track as riders look to get themselves into the best possible points position before the series concludes next month with the last two Finals in Morizes in France and Mühldorf in Germany The action from Scheessel will get under way with the first heat at 14:00 local time The full series is available as a Pay-Per-View broadcast via a livestream package on the Tapes Up TV channel. For more details click here This section of the website is exclusively reserved for members of the FIM Family: CONUs members and honorary members of the commissions You are a member of the FIM Family and do not have your access? Do not hesitate to contact us Sign in The FIM is also involved in non-sport activities - tourism or sport-related activities such as women in motorcycling sustainability is linked to both sporting and non-sporting areas as is the educational side we are developing to get the new generation on 2 wheels We inform you about all aspects of the motorcycling world The FIM is pleased to announce the calendar for the 2025 FIM Long Track World Championship powered by Anlas Getting under way at the Rennbahn Mühldorf in Germany on 6 July one week later on 13 July the action moves to Marmande in France Round three is scheduled for the Eichenring Scheessel in Germany on 24 August before the series concludes at the Speed Centre Roden in the Netherlands on 21 September   FIM wild cards will be Mathias Trésarrieu from France Mika Meijer from the Netherlands and Tero Aarnio from Finland The FIM substitutes are Jordan Dubernard from France Henri Ahlbom from Finland and William Kruit from the Netherlands   The FIM Long Track World Championship Challenge is scheduled for 6 September at Morizès in France and the FIM Long Track of Nations will take place at Reiterwaldstadion Vechta in Germany on 13 September one day after the FIM Long Track Under 23 World Cup at the same venue Calendar HERE Explanations for the emergence and abandonment of the Chalcolithic Trypillia mega-sites have long been debated the authors use Gini coefficients based on the sizes of approximately 7000 houses at 38 Trypillia sites to assess inequality between households as a factor in the rise and/or demise of these settlements The results indicate temporarily reduced social inequality at mega-sites It was only after several generations that increased social differentiation re-emerged and this may explain the subsequent abandonment of the mega-sites The results indicate that increases in social complexity need not be associated with greater social stratification and that large aggregations of population can Distribution of surveyed sites by region with sample sizes and Gini coefficients (figure by authors) The often-inconsistent data of the radiocarbon laboratory in Kiev were not relied on Artist's reconstruction of a Trypillia house with a raised platform at the mega-site of Maidanetske in region A (image by Susanne Beyer) Where geophysical surveys have only partially covered the full extent of a settlement, the degree to which the surveyed area is representative of the wider settlement may be questionable. This is especially evident at the sites of Hlybochok and Vijtivka, where magnetometry survey focused on the settlements’ central open spaces (see Ohlrau & Rud Reference Ohlrau, Rud, Mischka, Mischka and Preoteasa2019) show that these central spaces are marked by particularly large houses This may result in the biasing of house size variability for only partly surveyed settlements like Hlybochok and Vijtivka but When these settlements have been fully surveyed we will check how this affects our results Distribution of Gini coefficients in the combined sample of sites (bin width = 0.02) (figure by authors) CI: confidence interval for Gini coefficient Dating of the sites is given with the highest dating probability Gini coefficients in relation to settlement size and sample size (figure by authors) Boxplots of Gini coefficients in regions A–C The whiskers extend to 1.5 of the interquartile range; there are no outliers (figure by authors) Gini values and confidence intervals for Trypillia sites across time A–C show results from all regions; D–F show individual regions green and blue lines: locally weighted smoothing regression (LOESS) Vertical bars: 0.8 confidence intervals for Gini values after bootstrapping Horizontal bars: dating ranges of individual sites (highest probability) (figure by authors) Looking at all the regions together (Figure 6A & B) a steady decline in the Gini coefficient from approximately 0.25 to 0.2 is noticeable in the early phase of Trypillian population aggregation In the subsequent late phase of aggregated settlements Gini coefficients increase substantially to values of up to 0.25 when populations dispersed away from aggregated settlements into smaller settlements this trend of increasing Gini coefficient continues In region A, early settlements such as Veselyj Kut and Chizhіvka demonstrate Gini coefficients between 0.2 and 0.25 (Figure 6C & D; Table 2) Hlybochok and Nebelivka have much lower Gini coefficients A reversal of this trend towards somewhat higher This includes the mega-sites of Maidanetske and Dobrovody when populations began to move away from the large aggregated Trypillia settlements the trend towards higher Gini coefficients clearly intensifies 4200 and 3900 BC; they then decrease (until at least 3800 BC) to increase again later but the latter trend is documented only at Cunicea 3 Assuming that the variability in the floor size of houses reflects differences in household wealth we can discern a decline in social inequality in Trypillia communities until at least 3800 BC in the final phase of the aggregated settlements before reaching a peak after 3750 BC in the phase following the demise of the large settlements The development outlined here suggests that both an egalitarian ideology and effective mechanisms for avoiding social inequality must have existed within Trypillia communities It implies intra-settlement mechanisms for reconciling interests and redistributing surpluses that might have been established collectively These ideological views and mechanisms may have changed over time enabling a revival of vertical social differentiation this was a decisive factor in the subsequent gradual demise of aggregated settlements 1) The architecture of the houses (i.e. floor plan and construction) shows a high degree of standardisation, as do the furnishing of the houses and the economic activities detectable within (Chernovol Reference Chernovol, Menotti and Korvin-Piotrovskiy2012) 2) The round and oval settlement layouts ensured equal access to structural elements and infrastructure (e.g. central open spaces) and find analogies in the floor plans of communities organised along egalitarian lines in other ethnographic contexts (e.g. Wagner Reference Wagner, Haude and Wagner2019) (Figure 7) 4) Recent studies that have examined Trypillia sites from a social archaeological perspective, based on systematic comparisons of assemblages from houses, suggest that larger houses contain higher quantities of objects associated with food preparation (Ohlrau Reference Ohlrau2020: 58) or more evidence of activities associated with higher social prestige (Țerna Reference Țerna2021) it is reasonable to suggest a link between growing social inequality—manifested in increased variability in house sizes—and transformation of social organisation towards centralised decision-making the end of the aggregated Trypillia communities and mega-sites coincided with when the mechanisms of social levelling and political participation began to fail and social inequality re-emerged Figure 7. Plan of the Trypillia mega-site of Maidanetske (after Hofmann et al. Reference Hofmann2019) We have used variability in the sizes of houses at 38 Trypillia settlements to explore changing levels of inequality across three geographical regions and two millennia using standard Gini coefficients We interpret the results to indicate that Trypillia mega-sites successfully avoided wealth inequalities between individual households Their communities may have achieved this through an egalitarian ideology and effective mechanisms of reconciliation of interests and intra-community redistribution of (potentially) collectively generated surplus Our results shed new light on the nature and possible reasons for the formation and decline of these unique prehistoric communities by enabling members to participate actively in political decision-making processes the social make-up of aggregated mega-sites might have had a ‘reforming’ character which may have been decisive for attracting large numbers of people to these communities We therefore believe we can partially answer the frequently discussed question of why Trypillia mega-sites emerged The mega-site concept included a levelling mechanism to prevent social inequality with co-operative economic management and living arrangements used to minimise inequality The Gini coefficients generated here show that this was successful for a long time Only during the later development phase of the mega-sites did the tendency towards social inequality increase again the mega-site phenomenon represents one of a series of historical examples that show that an increase in the complexity of societies is not necessarily associated with an increase in vertical social differentiation both the emergence and the break-up of aggregated Trypillia mega-sites were primarily due to the political decisions made by the individuals and communities who lived at—and who eventually decided to leave—these vast settlements We are most grateful for the many years of fruitful co-operation with Vladislav Chabanyuk (State Historical and Cultural Reserve ‘Trypillia Culture’ Lehedzyne Knut Rassmann (Roman-Germanic Commission of the German Archaeological Institute) Ghenadie Sîrbu (State University of Moldova) Stanislav Ţerna† (most recently Kiel University and Mikhail Yu.Videiko (Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive and helpful comments This research was carried out within the framework of the Kiel Collaborative Research Center 1266 ‘Scales of Transformation – Human-Environmental Interaction in Prehistoric and Archaic Societies’ (German Research Foundation – Project number 290391021-SFB 1266) To view supplementary material for this article, please visit https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2024.18 Plan of the Trypillia mega-site of Maidanetske (after Hofmann et al - No HTML tags allowed- Web page URLs will display as text only- Lines and paragraphs break automatically- Attachments Your email address will be used in order to notify you when your comment has been reviewed by the moderator and in case the author(s) of the article or the moderator need to contact you directly shared ownership in or any close relationship with any organisation whose interests may be affected by the publication of the response Please also list any non-financial associations or interests (personal religious or other) that a reasonable reader would want to know about in relation to the submitted work This pertains to all the authors of the piece The band hit the high seas again for their sixth annual cruise event Singer Dave King of the irish-american band Flogging Molly performs live on stage during the Hurricane Festival on June 22 Flogging Molly has announced that fellow punk legends Descendants and Bad Religion will be joining them on their sixth annual Salty Dog Cruise and will make stops at Florida Keys and the Bahamas before returning back to port Prior to the Salty Dog Cruise, Flogging Molly are also going on tour with Mad Caddies and Street Dogs starting on 12 March in Valley Center they will be playing the Bonnaroo Festival 2020 on 14 June in Manchester before heading on a European tour starting on 17 June in Nordfjordeid More information about the Salty Dog Cruise here. 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Over 5,000 years ago in what is today Slovakia a Neolithic community erected a new building It wasn’t the first “longhouse” in Vráble an early town comprising about 100 buildings in all the entire village slowly turned counterclockwise—and the Stone Age inhabitants of Slovakia likely had no idea it was happening They weren’t alone. “We find [these longhouses] from the Paris Basin to Ukraine,” says Nils Müller-Scheeßel, an archaeologist at Kiel University and lead author of a recent paper, published last month in the journal PLOS One “And what we find archaeologically is almost indistinguishably similar They basically use the same building technique.” These buildings were put up roughly once every 30 or 40 years and each time the skew was counterclockwise—a pattern that occurred consistently over the course of 300 years and certainly invisible to the naked Neolithic eye the curious rotation of the houses can be attributed to an esoteric glitch in the brain—a psychological process called pseudoneglect The sides of our brains have different responsibilities: The left hemisphere just as the right manages spatial attention And those splits can sometimes manifest themselves in our interactions with the material world A portmanteau of “neglect,” pseudoneglect is a natural psychological phenomenon that causes individuals to pay more attention to the left side of their world It has been observed in species other than humans and in humans has been shown to affect senses other than sight But it is most obviously apparent visually and in the way that individuals will give weight to the left side of their field of view “It refers to a surplus of attention that is deployed into the left hemispace,” says Mark McCourt a psychologist at North Dakota State University who is unaffiliated with the recent paper “The commonly held idea is that it is a byproduct—an epiphenomenon—of the fact that the right hemisphere is specialized for the deployment of spatial attention.” McCourt asked some test subjects to do a number of laboratory tests (Some of the tests involved physical things like paper or a rod others a cursor on a computer screen.) Few subjects split the line just so; most got it a little wrong loitering on either side of the line’s true center The majority of subjects erred to the left—a corroboration of pseudoneglect’s imperceptible lefty bias in our brains Müller-Scheeßel is arguing that the same process is responsible for the subtle rotation of Slovakia’s Neolithic towns His hope is that his new research will prove the existence of the phenomenon on a larger more manifest scale than McCourt’s experiment did much of Europe was dominated by the Linear Pottery Culture so named for the population’s proclivity for making and using ceramics with linear designs which litter the sites of their settlements across the continent.* These sites are also known for their longhouses which have a particularly significant presence in southwestern Slovakia Müller-Scheeßel’s team was able to use magnetic surveys to detect the parallel lines of timbers on which the houses were constructed Despite the size of the settlements and the ample room the various communities had to work with their urban planning—likely done by mere eyeballing—was pretty consistent “[They] could [have built] their houses in every direction,” Müller-Scheeßel says “But there’s a certain tendency for alignment.” Neolithic house rotation is evident in other sites across Europe and a number of theories have been put forth about why the Linear Pottery Culture’s longhouses were oriented the way they were Some argue that they were built at angles that would best withstand the wind Others think that celestial bodies like the sun played a role Still others suggest that longhouses were oriented toward each community’s ancestral homeland but pseudoneglect could have played a role regardless of the primary reason for how the sites were laid out “I don’t see the ‘sun theory’ and [the] ‘pseudoneglect effect’ [as being] in contradiction.” according to the recent magnetic surveys and earlier research is that the Neolithic buildings at Vráble and elsewhere in Europe were built asymmetrically and that their rotation was always counterclockwise Müller-Scheeßel speculates that the advent of survey and construction tools would have put an end to those rotations (Five-thousand years after the Vráble’s Neolithic heyday the Greek dioptra and the Roman groma were used to measure right angles in construction which hadn’t previously been possible.) Now instruments like theodolites help surveyors get the angles they need with laser precision and keep new buildings in line with older ones Pseudoneglect could also be connected to the environment of a given population. Recent research in Namibia showed that when rural populations moved to urban settings they developed a greater left-leaning bias in their perception than they’d previously had Studies of past groups force us to look at what they left behind it’s hard to say whether pseudoneglect operated the same way then as it does today “We can’t know how Neolithic brains differed from our own,” says McCourt There’s an old brainy joke about left-handed people being the only ones in their right minds The rotating constructions of five millennia ago are a good way to remember that at the end of the day *Correction: This story previously stated that Corded Ware Culture sites were rotating We depend on ad revenue to craft and curate stories about the world’s hidden wonders Consider supporting our work by becoming a member for as little as $5 a month Follow us on Twitter to get the latest on the world's hidden wonders Like us on Facebook to get the latest on the world's hidden wonders David Bowie played his final Vancouver concert Five months later he collapsed after a show at the Hurricane Festival in Scheeßel and was diagnosed with an acutely blocked artery He was forced to cancel the last 15 shows on the European leg of the tour and would never perform a full concert again which was originally published in the January 29 talk about goin’ through ch-ch-ch-ch-changes Although he’s always been one of the most charismatic rock stars of all time David Bowie hasn’t always been able–or willing–to connect with a live audience I recall seeing him at the Pacific Coliseum on the Station to Station tour of ’75 Bowie came off as the affable old hipster next door Whether dedicating a tune to the bunny suit-wearing woman in the front row or acknowledging the presence of the orange-haired Ziggy Stardust clone hamming it up near the soundboard he built a solid bond with the near-sellout crowd of 12,000 When you factor in that friendly vibe with Bowie’s near-flawless vocals you wind up with one of the finest old-school rock gigs the Canucks’ home rink has ever hosted the riff-driven single off 1974’s Diamond Dogs covering the 30-plus years between “The Man Who Sold the World” and “New Killer Star” the first single from his smashing new disc “Ashes to Ashes” featured the keyboard wizardry of long-time Bowie sideman Mike Garson who embellished it with a few touches of the same manic off-the-wall piano work he recorded on Aladdin Sane three decades ago My fave selection of the night was easily “All the Young Dudes” the glam-rock anthem Bowie lent to buddy Ian Hunter back in ’72 to help salvage the career of Hunter’s then-struggling combo Bowie also offered up the odd less-familiar gem three-minute instrumental off the eclectic Low percussive “Panic in Detroit” over that album’s better-known hip-shaker some of the titles of the songs played were eerie in themselves in particular “Life on Mars?” and the so-so “I’m Afraid of Americans” the Manhattan-based Bowie proclaimed “There’s two sides to every story Here’s the other side.” Then his band broke into the much stronger “Heroes” The 57-year-old rocker did his thing on a cool-looking faux-granite stage his movements broadcast from unusual angles on a row of video screens There was little to be seen in the way of costume changes the ever-slim singer spending most of the time in a black T-shirt and runners Looking even more the black-clad rocker was shades-wearing guitarist Earl Slick who has been playing with Bowie on and off since the ’70s (Bowie sings on a track he cowrote with the veteran sideman for his impressive new solo CD feedback-laced intro to “Station to Station” and anyone expecting to hear echoes of Stevie Ray Vaughan in his “China Girl” solo had to settle for his decidedly nonbluesy approach But the Les Paul–toting picker couldn’t help but pay tribute to Bowie’s former guitarist during the six-song encore that included four cuts from the 1972 glam-rock masterpiece The only major mistake Bowie made the entire night was choosing Santo & Johnny’s exquisite 1959 instrumental to be played over the PA while people filed out those dreamy steel-guitar licks were what stuck in my mind more than anything else Steve Newton started working at the Georgia Straight in the spring of 1982 Having previously worked as a stringer for his hometown paper he was originally hired as a freelancer to interview touring rock bands Your hair was short-cropped and dyed orange As one of the most inventive performers of the rock era, David Bowie's concerts were always a spectacle. Yet his last one passed by with little fanfare on June 25, 2004, at the Hurricane Festival in Scheessel, Germany There were actually dates scheduled to follow, but a health scare forced Bowie to cancel the rest of a tour in support of 2003's Reality The problem started a couple of days earlier during a show in Prague, when he started feeling pain in his left shoulder and abruptly ended his concert. Tests revealed an acutely blocked artery, and the final month of the European tour was shelved. He never played another full show before dying on Jan. 10, 2016 READ MORE: Ranking Every David Bowie Single That wasn't the only problem on Reality tour. A week prior in Oslo, Bowie was hit in the eye by a lollipop that had been thrown by a fan. More seriously, his Miami concert was canceled when a lighting technician died after falling from the rig above the stage prior to the concert Watch David Bowie Perform 'Rebel Rebel' Bowie subsequently made only a handful of guest appearances, sitting in with Arcade Fire in 2005 and David Gilmour a year later. He then joined Alicia Keys in November 2006 at a benefit concert in New York A DVD featuring footage from two Dublin shows on the Reality tour was released in 2010. Unfortunately, Bowie never sang in public again. He refused to tour behind the release of 2013's acclaimed The Next Day, his first album since Reality. Blackstar arrived just days before he succumbed to cancer Listen to David Bowie's 'Fame' How an Old Beatles Song Connected David Bowie With John Lennon His shows were always a spectacle, but the last one passed by with little fanfare.\nRead More As one of the most inventive performers of the rock era, David Bowie's concerts were always a spectacle. Yet his last one passed by with little fanfare on June 25, 2004, at the Hurricane Festival in Scheessel, Germany There were actually dates scheduled to follow, but a health scare forced Bowie to cancel the rest of a tour in support of 2003's Reality The problem started a couple of days earlier during a show in Prague, when he started feeling pain in his left shoulder and abruptly ended his concert. Tests revealed an acutely blocked artery, and the final month of the European tour was shelved. He never played another full show before dying on Jan. 10, 2016 READ MORE: Ranking Every David Bowie Single Bowie subsequently made only a handful of guest appearances, sitting in with Arcade Fire in 2005 and David Gilmour a year later. He then joined Alicia Keys in November 2006 at a benefit concert in New York A DVD featuring footage from two Dublin shows on the Reality tour was released in 2010. Unfortunately, Bowie never sang in public again. He refused to tour behind the release of 2013's acclaimed The Next Day, his first album since Reality. Blackstar arrived just days before he succumbed to cancer Mayday Parade have announced the 11th Anniversary Self-Titled Album Tour Following dates across North America and Australia during the spring the American band will celebrate their 2011 LP in Nottingham Manchester and Newcastle between May 31 and June 8.  where they'll wrap things up on June 18.  Europe and North America go on general sale at 10am local time on October 29 Tickets for Australia go on general sale at 9am on November 2.  Mayday Parade are gearing up for the release of their new album which is due for release on November 19 via Rise Records Mayday Parade Upcoming Tour Dates are as follows Compare & Buy Mayday Parade Tickets at Stereoboard.com Like The Goonies before them, CHVRCHES are here to say “Never Say Die.” in helping shape CHVRCHES’ forthcoming third album Love Is Dead “‘Never Say Die’ is one of my favorite songs on the record because it really leans into the juxtaposition of what we do — the mixture between the dark and the light,” says vocalist Lauren Mayberry “It’s melodic and direct but uses some of the gnarliest sounds we’ve ever tried… The chorus lyric came about very quickly but the verses took a lot longer I really wanted to sum up a feeling of trying to be optimistic when you feel disillusioned by the people around you but trying to keep going because ‘Goonies Never Say Die.’” Love Is Dead is out May 25 via Glassnote, and while CHVRCHES have no New England dates planned on the immediate horizon, there are a few within road-trip distance this spring, including a June 3 appearance at The Governors Ball in New York and a June 17 gig at the Bb&T Pavilion in New Jersey Bring Me The Horizon‘s Oli Sykes has branded their song ‘Medicine’ as “shit” The third single of their 2019 record ‘amo‘ was heavily played during their tour that year but has since trickled out of the Sheffield band’s setlists After being played just 17 times between 2020 and 2022 Sykes has shed light onto the reason why at the band’s recent show in Germany he asked the crowd what they wanted to hear next When a festivalgoer shouted out ‘Medicine’ You guys would like to hear ‘Medicine’ Sykes did offer some alternatives such as ‘Pray For Plagues’ ‘Chelsea Smile’ and ‘Don’t Look Down’ asking the crowd what we'd like to hear and then going "medicine? even i think that song is shit" and mentioning pray for plagues and chelsea smile-OLIVER SYKES WHAT IS YOUR ISSUE pic.twitter.com/2pI4PD8MsD — kim (@gloomymantra) June 24, 2024 At the same show, the band brought out Sykes’ father Ian to duet ‘Antivist’ with the frontman saying: “Make some noise for the coolest dad in the world!” Ian is the latest guest vocalist on ‘Antivist’, with members of Bad Omens and Sleep Token having also previously provided support on the track while Bring Me The Horizon toured the UK and Australia The band initially planned to release four ‘Post Human’ EPs in a year but changed upon lockdown lifting: “We thought we were going to be in lockdown for a lot longer than we were We thought we could bang out a few EPs in that time We also thought these EPs were going to be a little more humble and a bit of fun.” In other news, Bring Me The Horizon have spoken about working with AURORA on ‘Limousine’, and how it was nearly someone else. The world’s defining voice in music and pop culture: breaking what’s new and what’s next since 1952 clearly understands that originality is rock 'n' roll's ultimate elusive quality True innovators have always been relatively few and everyone else from basement-space bashers to successful touring acts integrates music collections and personalities to create music that ideally transcends influence without denying it What the New Jersey-based Gaslight Anthem gets is that there is no shame in being this kind of band bassist Alex Levine and drummer Benny Horowitz play watertight Their influences are at the surface: the Clash Alkaline Trio; they have studied U2's talent for surging But these guys unabashedly worship home state hero Bruce Springsteen mining not only the Boss's varied musical styles the promise of redemption just down the road and the classic car that can take you there but the Gaslight Anthem has so thoroughly internalized and re-contextualized its idols that the result is more inspiration than imitation exciting update instead of a pointless retread The band plays in town Tuesday in support of their fine third album 9 p.m. Tuesday, Crystal Ballroom, 1332 W. Burnside St.; $20, Ticketmaster; also appearing: the Menzingers Use of and/or registration on any portion of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement, (updated 8/1/2024) and acknowledgement of our Privacy Policy, and Your Privacy Choices and Rights (updated 1/1/2025) © 2025 Advance Local Media LLC. All rights reserved (About Us) The material on this site may not be reproduced except with the prior written permission of Advance Local Community Rules apply to all content you upload or otherwise submit to this site YouTube's privacy policy is available here and YouTube's terms of service is available here Ad Choices