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After taking part in the Crusades against the Albigensians he used his inheritance to free Christian prisoners held by the Moors He later founded the Order of Our Lady of Mercy (Mercedarians) beginning in 1218 devoted to ransoming Christians John the Apostle was taken to Rome under the Emperor Domitian and plunged into a cauldron of boiling oil; by a striking miracle he came out safe and sound from this torture This disposition to forgive did not die with St but has continued to be one of the most characteristic virtues of the saint Benedict as related in the Dialogues of St that he was continuously and severely persecuted by a delinquent priest who lived in the neighborhood of the monastery in order to protect the virtue and the vocations of his disciples Benedict decided to abandon the site of his monastery and move to another location He and his monks had hardly left their monastery when word was brought that the persecutor had died suddenly Contrary to the expectation of the messenger who brought the news Benedict broke out in loud lamentations that his enemy had died suddenly and had not had an opportunity to repent The saints see so much more clearly than we the relative unimportance of the hardships and injustices we suffer in this world and the importance before all else of the sinner's being converted and repenting of his sins How long and how persistently we harbor grudges in our hearts against those who have offended us How difficult we find it to forgive freely and from our hearts Yet we proclaim ourselves to be Christians and to practice all the Christian virtues Do we forget that our Lord told us that if we expect our prayers to be heard and our sacrifices to be pleasing in the sight of God and go first and make peace with our brother Nor is the disposition to forgive our enemies peculiar only to the saints and martyrs of the ancient Church; nor should we expect it to be and if His disciples were commanded to forgive their enemies in His day Father Pro was executed in Mexico some years ago he was asked by his executioner if he had anything he wished to do or anything he wished to say before the sentence was executed Father Pro said that there was; he wished to be given an opportunity to pray for his executioners and to give them his blessing before he died During the persecutions in Spain during the late civil war one of the religious who was to be put to death by the communists was led to his death with his hands bound asked to be allowed to give his blessing to the members of the firing squad It is said that the officer in charge of the guard untied his hands and then swiftly struck off the hands of the priest with his sword raised his right arm and traced the sign of the cross over the heads of his murderers This is the true sign of the authentic martyr the characteristic mark of the true saint of the Church Who His own self bore our sins in His body upon the tree" (Epistle) The redemption of man as accomplished by Christ might have been accomplished in other ways but none of them would have been as perfect as the way Christ chose God might have forgiven man outright without requiring any satisfaction for sin This would have been a splendid manifestation of the infinite mercy of God but it would have ignored His infinite justice God might have refused redemption and forgiveness altogether and this would have been in complete conformity with His justice but it would not have satisfied His infinite mercy Perfect redemption required that both God's mercy and justice be satisfied Any act of satisfaction on his part would only have been of limited and finite value An act of reparation offered by a divine person would have been adequate since it would not have been offered by the offending party The only possibility of a perfect redemption was for the divine person to become incarnate could perform acts of infinite value; since he was a human being He could act in the name of the human race and offer an act of reparation which would be both adequate and authentic But the martyrdom of the latter Apostle called for a scene worthy of the event was not a sufficiently glorious land for such a combat whither Peter had transferred his Chair and where he died on his cross and where Paul had bowed down his venerable head beneath the sword alone deserved the honor of seeing the beloved disciple march on to martyrdom with that dignity and sweetness which are the characteristics of this veteran of the Apostolic College In the year 95 John appeared before the tribunal of pagan Rome the worship of a Jew who had been crucified under Pontius Pilate He was considered a superstitious and rebellious old man and it was time to rid Asia of his presence sentenced to an ignominious and cruel death A huge cauldron of boiling oil was prepared in front of the Latin Gate The sentence ordered that the preacher of Christ be plunged into this bath The hour had come for the second son of Salome to partake of his Master’s chalice the boiling liquid lost all its heat; the Apostle felt no scalding when they took him out again he felt all the vigor of his youthful years restored to him “[Saint Fidelis] practiced the fullness of charity in bringing consolation and relief to his neighbors as well as to strangers. With a father’s love he embraced all those who were in trouble.”—Pope Benedict XIV Saint profiles prepared by Brother Silas Henderson, S.D.S. Would you like to read more like this?Get Aleteia delivered to your inbox miles of peaceful hiking and biking trails SouthWest Germany is a glorious alternative to Europe’s busy beaches this summer Germany’s sunniest region is ideal for families New in the Northern Black Forest is a thrilling suspension bridge Still relatively unknown to British visitors are the Swabian Alb and Rapunzel-like Sigmaringen Castle nowhere beats the Black Forest’s Hochschwarzwaldcard a free pass offering savings of €400 per person NEW in the Northern Black Forest: The Wild Line suspension bridge   The old magic: The Black Forest is romantic - and affordable For further information please get in touch with us directly: TourComm Germany GmbH & Co KG Olbrichtstraße 21 69469 Weinheim, Germany T +49 (0)6201 / 60208 - 13 F +49 (0)6201 / 60208 - 29 southwestgermany@tourcomm-germany.com  State Tourist Board Baden-Württemberg Esslinger Strasse 8 70182 Stuttgart T +49 (0)711 / 23858 - 0 F +49 (0)711 / 23858 - 99 www.tourism-bw.com info@tourismus-bw.de 0$0.00 The life of St. Fidelis of Sigmaringen tells a story of love: for God The great saint was born Mark Rey in 1577 in a hilly town near the source of the Danube River Young Mark pursued the practice of the law and became known as “the poor man’s lawyer” because of his immense charity toward the impoverished Mark eventually left the legal profession to become a Capuchin Franciscan priest taking the name “Fidelis,” Latin for “faithful.” St Fidelis’ chosen name beautifully illustrates his selfless love Fidelis was stationed in a heavily Calvinist area of Switzerland and succeeded in converting many of the locals to Catholicism a vicious mob stabbed him to death for refusing to renounce the Church For boldly standing for the truth of the Catholic faith in public life Fidelis is honored as one of the patron saints of CatholicVote.  Privacy Policy Cookie Policy Terms and Conditions Don’t Miss a Single Sparkling Moment! Sign up for The Court Jeweller Newsletter The Court Jeweller Sparkling Royal Jewels From Around the World 12.09.2024 by thecourtjeweller // Leave a Comment the world learned of the passing of Princess Birgitta I’m devoting today’s article to a look back at the trio of tiaras that she wore during her royal wedding celebrations in 1961 Princess Birgitta, the second child of Prince Gustaf Adolf and Princess Sibylla of Sweden was born in January 1937 at Haga Palace in Stockholm She was the second of the couple’s four daughters after Princess Margaretha and before Princesses Désirée and Christina The quartet were joined by a younger brother but the family’s happiness was quickly cut short when Prince Gustaf Adolf died in a plane crash in 1947 the rest of the extended Swedish royal family surrounded the five children with support and love they are pictured not long after his passing with their mother Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf and Crown Princess Louise; their uncle and aunt King Frederik IX and Queen Ingrid of Denmark; and their cousins Princess Birgitta is the first person on the left in the photograph leveling a direct gaze at the photographer Birgitta’s grandfather became King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden on his father’s death in 1950 she joined her sisters in taking on royal engagements in support of their grandparents She was a dynamic and fascinating member of the royal family who loved fencing even winning a national championship in the sport an early romance cut short her career as a working member of the royal family the 22-year-old princess had gone to Munich to study German she bumped into 27-year-old Prince Johann Georg of Hohenzollern at a cocktail party known to his friends as “Hansi,” was part of an extended branch of the family that ruled Germany until the end of World War I His father’s ancestors ruled the German principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen until the middle of the nineteenth century and his maternal grandfather was the last reigning King of Saxony Hansi was born after his family’s titles were formally abolished in Germany and he embarked on a career of his own after university becoming a noted art and archaeology expert Birgitta and Hansi began seeing quite a lot of each other A spokesman for Hansi’s family described their early courtship: “The two had much fun together during Munich’s carnival but at that time nobody thought that anything serious would develop.” All of that changed when Hansi was invited to Sweden to participate in an elk hunt “That was the first time he was introduced to the Swedish royal family It was in September that the two decided to marry.” The couple’s engagement was officially announced in Stockholm on December 15, 1960. (It was a big day for European royals, as King Baudouin and Queen Fabiola were married in Belgium on the same day.) Princess Sibylla posed for pictures with the engaged couple as they greeted the press in her apartment at the Royal Palace the following day Another member of the press pack asked Hansi about the couple’s shared interests “And love?” the reporter prompted the couple’s wedding festivities began in Stockholm with a royal ball on Wednesday It had been a quarter of a century since the last royal wedding was held in Sweden—the marriage of Princess Ingrid of Sweden and Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark—and King Gustaf VI Adolf pulled out all the stops for his granddaughter “One of the biggest royal parties ever given at the royal palace in Stockholm will mark the eve of the wedding celebrations,” adding that the party “will begin early and end by midnight to ensure that the 250 guests are rested for the wedding the next day.” At least one guest still managed to find herself in a painful mishap during the party Princess Birgitta’s 75-year-old grandmother fell on the palace stairs and fractured her arm For the white-tie ball, Princess Birgitta wore an elegant ballgown with decorations and some special pieces of jewelry. Her most significant accessory was a new tiara. The jewel featured seven pearl circles connected with horizontal pearl-set sections with pearl and diamond flowers in their centers Additional diamond flowers are also interspersed between the pearl circles Birgitta and the rest of the Swedish royals gathered in the hall of state of the Royal Palace in Stockholm for the first of the couple’s two wedding ceremonies Differences in both nationality and religion—the prince was Roman Catholic while the princess was Lutheran—necessitated weddings in both Sweden and Germany King Gustaf VI Adolf had wanted the Swedish ceremony to be a Lutheran service but he was overruled by the Pope (who also rejected Birgitta’s application for conversion) Birgitta, wearing a white wedding gown with a tulle veil and the Cameo Tiara arrived in the hall on the arm of her groom They processed toward a marble-topped table which was shielded by a blue velvet canopy After he read out the Swedish civil marriage form “Yes.” They did not exchange rings and the entire ceremony itself took just a few minutes (This royal wedding moment also coincided with another royal marriage: the wedding of King Hussein and Princess Muna in Jordan.) Though the civil marriage itself was done with perhaps record-breaking briefness the service itself lasted for about half an hour and thousands more at home watching on television looked on as the couple signed the marriage certificate Musical selections were also performed by the orchestra of the Swedish Royal Opera and the Stockholm Boys’ Choir There were also beautiful surroundings to take in for the guests in the hall which was decorated with floral arrangements in pink and smaller bouquets of yellow flowers for her bridesmaids Birgitta and Hansi stepped into a horse-drawn carriage for a 15-minute procession through the streets of Stockholm A 21-gun salute was fired from naval headquarters in the nearby harbor as the procession began The photographs from the carriage ride provide excellent views of the special tiara that Birgitta wore for the wedding even though she struggled with her veil a bit in the wind The Cameo Tiara originally belonged to Birgitta’s 5th great-grandmother The tiara came to Sweden when it was inherited by Josephine’s granddaughter It was passed down through generations to Josefina’s grandson who gave it to Princess Sibylla of Sweden as a wedding present in 1932 Birgitta was the first Swedish royal bride to wear the Cameo Tiara on her wedding day. Since then, it has also been worn as a bridal diadem by Princess Désirée, Queen Silvia, and Crown Princess Victoria. It’s the perfect tiara for a bride to wear with her wedding dress, because the carved cameos mounted on the tiara depict the stories of Cupid and Venus The shape of the tiara also echoes that of traditional Swedish bridal crowns the couple returned to the Royal Palace for a luncheon during which formal photographs were also taken This official photograph of the wedding party after the civil ceremony offers us a color view of the ensembles worn for the wedding Reuters described Birgitta’s wedding gown as “dress of ivory silk duchesse with a long train half-sleeves and plain rounded neckline.” Her voluminous tulle veil matched the length of the dress’s train Birgitta was attended during the civil ceremony by two bridesmaids: her younger sister Both wore blue gowns with white embroidery The page boys for the wedding were Birgitta’s brother Count Michael Bernadotte af Wisborg (the son of her uncle After the wedding festivities had concluded Hansi boarded a flight from Stockholm back to Germany where he joined in preparations for the couple’s second wedding ceremony a Roman Catholic service at the Church of St the schloss that the family had occupied since the nineteenth century another grand ball was held in the couple’s honor at the castle in Sigmaringen the Swedish royal family joined Hansi’s Hohenzollern relatives for the second wedding Cheering crowds numbering more than a thousand lined the 90-yard lane linking the castle and the church 130 guests began making the walk to the church Princess Birgitta followed on the arm of her uncle Birgitta wore a different diadem with her wedding veil and gown: a diamond bridal crown from the Hohenzollern family collection which features clover-shaped topper elements noting that while the civil ceremony in Stockholm would allow the couple to part one day if their marriage didn’t succeed Fifteen thousand local people were gathered to cheer them as they drove through the streets of the town Birgitta and Hansi clearly took the priest’s words to heart with Hansi residing in Munich and Birgitta living in a golf community in Mallorca remaining legally married until Hansi’s death in 2016 they could sometimes still be spotted attending royal events together including the wedding of Birgitta’s niece the couple celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary privately in Munich with their children and grandchildren Categories // germany, Sweden Enter your name and email address below to subscribe to our weekly newsletter Sign up for my new subscriber-supported community, Hidden Gems, delivered directly to you each Saturday! Copyright © 2025 THE COURT JEWELLER LLC BERLIN -- Ukraine could add old Leopard 1 battle tanks from German defense industry stocks to deliveries of modern tanks that Berlin and other governments pledged last week to counter Russian forces in the war This document may not be reprinted without the express written permission of Northwest Arkansas Newspapers LLC Material from the Associated Press is Copyright © 2025 audio and/or video material shall not be published rewritten for broadcast or publication or redistributed directly or indirectly in any medium Neither these AP materials nor any portion thereof may be stored in a computer except for personal and noncommercial use The AP will not be held liable for any delays errors or omissions therefrom or in the transmission or delivery of all or any part thereof or for any damages arising from any of the foregoing has been pretty much forgotten in his hometown The fact that he left 165 years ago might have something to do with it but you’d think that a local boy who crossed the ocean and founded what became the second-largest brewing company in America would merit at least some notice Perhaps a brewer is without honor in his own country particularly a country as beer-soaked as southern Germany drawing heavily on German research materials gathered a half-century earlier for Miller’s centennial a medieval town of 8,500 on the upper Danube River Its distinguishing features include scores of half-timber buildings and a stone gate left over from a 500-year-old town wall It was a drizzly Friday afternoon when we arrived —market day The cobblestone town square was filled with vendors selling fruit With no map to guide us and no agenda to pursue we followed signs to Riedlingen’s city museum that I was looking for information about brewer Frederick Miller “We’ve been expecting you,” she said I hadn't even known there was a museum in Riedlingen and our sole contact with anyone in town was an Airbnb reservation for a room that night I’d mentioned my interest in Miller when we confirmed the online booking but I hadn’t expected it to become general knowledge RELATED: Stingl: Miller Brewing's most valued historical artifacts are finally getting some love RELATED: Molson Coors consolidation will bring hundreds of corporate jobs to Milwaukee, drop Miller name a retired school principal and the town’s unofficial historian that featured one-page biographies of 42 famous Riedlingeners from the last 500 years Milwaukee’s own Frederick (Friedrich his two-paragraph profile tucked in among sketches of long-forgotten opera singers in walked the answer to our mystery: Karl Pöhlens a retired auto mechanics instructor who was about to begin his volunteer shift at the museum were fellow history-lovers who had assumed that we would find our way to the museum and had told Marina Haegele to watch out for us We gladly accepted Karl’s offer to show us around central Riedlingen The highlight for me was Frederick Miller’s family home an unmarked three-story building that was clearly the same one in the old photograph we’d used in “Miller Time.” The highlight for Karl was his museum’s prized possession: a piano built by Riedlingen native Conrad Graf and owned by Beethoven himself (Sonja got to play a few remembered bars of Rachmaninoff.) Ursula put me on the phone with Winfried Assfalg Assfalg said that everything he knew about Frederick Miller was contained in the brief sketch in his book no Miller relatives still living in the area and the cemetery that would have contained the family’s graves no longer existed Assfalg to estimate how many Riedlingen residents in a sample of 10 would say they’d heard of Frederick Miller “Why don’t you ask them yourself?” but not before a wonderful dinner with our hosts at a bierstube in a small village near Riedlingen The setting was a 500-year-old brewery on a trout stream and laughing in a picture-perfect embodiment of Gemütlichkeit I positioned myself in the town square and approached a wildly unscientific sample of Riedlingeners only two had ever heard of Frederick Miller One was a man in his 60s who lived two doors away from the Miller house The other was a young father with a baby in tow who had learned two basic facts about Frederick Miller in the local schools: “He went to America and became a famous person.” His wife Two out of 12 positive responses would suggest that Fred Miller’s memory has been practically erased in the place of his birth One question remained before we departed: Were Miller products for sale in the brewer’s hometown A visit to Riedlingen’s main grocery store returned a resounding “No.” The supermarket’s beer selection was and Hasseroder — all apparently regional brews — as well as a few more familiar names like Heineken The only brand from the western side of the Atlantic was I asked a clerk if his store ever stocked American beer There was one more stop on our pilgrimage to Miller Land From Riedlingen we drove 15 miles down the Danube River to Sigmaringen a market center twice the size of Frederick Miller’s birthplace After serving a 10-year apprenticeship elsewhere in the region Miller had become a full-fledged brewmaster in Sigmaringen leasing the royal brewery in the castle of the Hohenzollern family Perched on a rocky palisade high above the Danube the castle is the area’s major tourist attraction We took the standard tour with a group of Germans and period weaponry to stock a museum that would be a three-star attraction in America When the tour was over, I asked our guide if he knew anything about Frederick Miller and his Sigmaringen connection. “Yes,” he replied, “but only from the movie.” I was once again dumbstruck. The movie he had seen turned out to be “With this Ring,” a short (40-minute) and deservedly obscure feature produced by a Hollywood team in 1954 for Miller’s centennial Google “with this ring Miller.”) The film is a hoary hodgepodge of legends but a third of the action takes place in Sigmaringen and it’s obviously still shown there on occasion Our guide took us to the castle’s tour manager for more details had seen “With this Ring,” and told me that the brewery it supposedly depicted had closed not long after Frederick Miller left for America in 1854 Then came the most surprising news of all: Zoller-Hof was still in operation practically across the river and she thought they were producing a beer in tribute to Frederick Miller and I hurried across the Danube to Zoller-Hof’s retail sales outlet there was a stack of six-packs on the floor bearing the name “Old Fred.” It was the only brand labeled in English “This Amber Lager,” the carton read The beer is a testament to what Old Fred would have brewed in his times using the same water source and the highest quality locally sourced raw materials.” I poured a glass and found Old Fred to be a tasty lager and very much in tune with current American tastes There was a satisfying sense that I had closed a circle A beer from Frederick Miller’s homeland had crossed to the New World home where he found his fame Even though that fame never made the return trip to Germany John Gurda writes a column on local history for the Ideas Lab on the first Sunday of every month. Email: mail@johngurda.com Help keep Catholics around the world educated and informed Already donated? Log in to stop seeing these donation pop-ups 03.08.2016 by The Court Jeweller // Leave a Comment was born the same day — definitely a “circle of life” moment for the Bernadottes.) Today we’re looking at two of the most public and most bejeweled days of the late prince’s life: the two wedding ceremonies that united him with Princess Birgitta Categories // germany, royal wedding, Sweden 03.16.2019 by The Court Jeweller // Leave a Comment so of course I needed to bring you a suitable sparkler this Saturday Here’s a closer look at the intriguing clover coronet from the former imperial family of Germany This striking clover and trefoil diadem was designed by a royal who wasn’t primarily known for his interest in the aesthetics of jewels: Kaiser Wilhelm II from Koch in 1906 as a twenty-fifth wedding anniversary gift for his wife August Victoria (who was always called “Dona” by her family) was photographed in the piece; she also wore it in a portrait painted by Philip de László in 1908 As an aside: there’s a similar — but not the same — coronet in the collection of another branch of the German royal family It was worn by Princess Birgitta of Sweden and Hohenzollern during her German marriage ceremony in 1961 Categories // germany, Saturday Sparkler Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Franco-German WarPrussian troops marching past the Arc de Triomphe in Paris during the Franco-Prussian War undated illustration.(more)Franco-Prussian War (1870–71) War in which a coalition of German states led by Prussia defeated France ending French hegemony in continental Europe and creating a unified Germany The other German states sided with Prussia, and German troops under Gen. Helmuth von Moltke, superior in numbers and organization, scored repeated victories. After Napoleon III surrendered at the Battle of Sedan French resistance was carried on by a new government which deposed the emperor and established the Third Republic but while treaty negotiations were going on an insurrection by radicals in Paris created a short-lived government a harsh peace treaty was implemented: Germany annexed Alsace and half of Lorraine and France was occupied until a large indemnity was paid The German empire was established when William I of Prussia was proclaimed German emperor in 1871 marked by France’s determination to recover Alsace-Lorraine and Germany’s mounting imperialism Their mutual animosity was a driving force that led to World War I 01.30.2022 by thecourtjeweller // Leave a Comment We can’t let January go by without paying tribute to the glittering tiaras of a woman who celebrated a milestone birthday this month To mark the recent 85th birthday of Princess Birgitta of Sweden and Hohenzollern we’ve got a look at some of the many tiaras she’s worn throughout her royal life Princess Birgitta also began wearing a petite diamond bandeau made from a bracelet that belonged to her mother Birgitta evidently inherited this jewel at some point as she wore it later on as well (and has also worn it in bracelet form) In 1959, Princess Birgitta met her husband, Prince Johann Georg of Hohenzollern. She and the German prince became engaged in 1960. At the ball held before their royal wedding in 1961, Birgitta wore a new pearl and diamond tiara with circle and flower designs it’s worn by Birgitta and Johann Georg’s daughter Johann Georg and Birgitta had three children (Prince Carl Christian and Prince Hubertus) before separating in 1990 and continued to occasionally attend gala events together until Johann Georg’s death in 2016 For the wedding of her youngest sister, Princess Christina, in June 1974, Princess Birgitta (on the far right here, beside her uncle Bertil) wore the family’s Diamond Four Button Tiara with the sapphire and diamond necklace that belonged to her late mother In April 2006, Birgitta and Johann Georg attended the celebrations in Stockholm for King Carl Gustaf’s 60th birthday. For a gala dinner at the Royal Palace, she wore the family’s Diamond Six Button Tiara with her own diamond earrings you’ll spot Princess Sibylla’s diamond bracelet (the one that can also be worn as a bandeau tiara) Most recently, we saw Princess Birgitta wear the Baden Fringe Tiara again for the gala dinner celebrating King Carl Gustaf’s 70th birthday in April 2016. She arrived at the event with her sister, Princess Désirée, who wore Queen Louise’s Diamond Tiara for the occasion Categories // Sweden Germanyhttp://www.zoller-hof.de5.3 percent ABV Old Fred is a German amber lager that is a tribute to Miller Brewing Co who received his brewing degree in Sigmaringen in the 1800s before emigrating to the U.S Zoller-Hof is one of five small German regional breweries that are having their beers brought into the U.S for the first time by Liquid Projects of Brooklyn The portfolio is under the name of Reinheits Boten Liquid Projects is the sales/marketing part of the business; the official importer is MHW LLC of Manhasset Owner Lars Dahlhaus of Liquid Projects said his intent is to introduce quality German beers with a bit of twist into the American market “We want to show that within the boundaries of the Reinheitsgebot (German beer purity law) there is still a lot of variety,” he said during a Jan While it had the fresh grain aroma typical of quality German beers it also had slight fruity aromas of apple and pear The twist in Old Fred is that it uses American-grown Cascade hops not at all like the pine-grapefruit Cascade character that U.S craft beer drinkers are used to in their American pale and India pale ales The beer was amber-brown with a light tan head The lager had a nice solid malt presence without being dominated by There was ample but not excessive bitterness with a slightly dry finish a quality due to the water that Zoller-Hof uses Other breweries represented in the Liquid Projects portfolio include Distelhauser While I will write in more detail on their beers in the future I can say that all the beers I sampled had the clean palate and fresh grain character Liquid Projects beers are available in New York Beer Man sez: Old Fred is a pleasing amber lager from the Zoller-Hof brewery in Germany gets paid to drink beer and write about it for Weekend He can be reached at beerman@postcrescent.com Read past reviews at www.postcrescent.com/go-920/beer who is threatened with deportation to Turkey has filed a follow-up application with the Sigmaringen administrative court to prevent the 32-year-old from being deported Muhammed Tunç was born and raised in Ulm in 1989 and has Turkish citizenship he is exposed to the risk of political persecution imprisonment and torture because of his pro-Kurdish activities in Germany the Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Justice does not want to admit that The authority considers the deportation to be justifiable because of a "criminal offense" in connection with two court judgments against the Kurd for harm The convictions came after clashes with Turkish nationalists associated with President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's party his name is known to the authorities in Turkey as an "enemy" he was already on a plane at Stuttgart Airport Only because he resisted and drew attention to his deportation did the staff refuse to keep him on board the green-black state government did not give up and ordered an expulsion by charter flight for the following day But the Turkish Airlines plane took off in Stuttgart without Tunç 10.22.2015 by The Court Jeweller // Leave a Comment The November 10 jewelry auction at Christie’s in Geneva doesn’t just include a major noble tiara The sale also features several pieces of jewelry with royal provenances Here’s a look at some of the jewels on offer Princess Josephine (pictured wearing the earrings above) married Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (a brother of King Ferdinand I of Romania) in 1894 and the auction notes for the earrings imply that they may have been among her wedding gifts Josephine died in 1958; there’s no indication of precisely how the earrings changed hands after her death or who is selling them now Christie’s estimates that the earrings will sell for between $48,000 and $68,000 The auction also includes a pair of pearl earrings (Lot #395) that belonged to Josephine’s mother The chain of ownership offered by the auction catalogue goes as follows: Queen Margherita of Italy who bequeathed the pearls to her daughter-in-law Queen Elena (who wears them in the postcard pictured above) who appears to be the person who has put them up for sale Christie’s expects the pearls to sell for a whopping $500,000-700,000 Henri also gave Hélène a coordinating diamond and emerald tiara; that jewel is not in this sale (Hélène wears both the necklace and the tiara in the portrait above.) At some point after World War I the necklace was acquired by the 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley (Trivia: the actor Jack Huston is their great-grandson.) After Sybil’s death the necklace was auctioned at Christie’s in London the necklace is for sale again; this time around Christie’s expects it to fetch between $1.5 million and $2.5 million Categories // auction, Belgium, christie's, france, Italy The Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging has developed and trialled a new bio-based recyclable packaging film for food in collaboration with the Albstadt-Sigmaringen University of Applied Sciences fruit and vegetables are often packaged in plastic materials in supermarkets This means they are in a protective gas atmosphere in which germs have difficulty multiplying and the food lasts longer In order to maintain this atmosphere for a long time the packaging materials need gas barriers - which bio-based plastics do not yet have Researchers from the Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV) and the Albstadt-Sigmaringen University of Applied Sciences have therefore been working on this in the joint project PLA4MAP In order to fulfil the requirements of the gas barriers the researchers have developed a composite material consisting of four layers: two top layers made of polylactide (PLA) a protein layer made of soya protein concentrate and a wax layer made of sunflower seed wax PLA is a biodegradable plastic as it is made from renewable raw materials such as corn starch or sugar cane Its share in the developed material is just under 82% PLA could be recycled if suitable and established sorting and recycling streams for this material existed Less than one per cent of the PLA in plastic food packaging is recycled in Germany In addition to the lack of recycling infrastructure for PLA further adjustments need to be made for practical implementation: The production of the bio-based plastic is energy-intensive and its processing has so far only taken place on a pilot scale According to the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (ifeu) significant optimisation is still required for widespread use the current high manufacturing costs could be reduced by expanding global PLA production and This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page You do not have access to www.researchgate.net The site owner may have set restrictions that prevent you from accessing the site Your browser is ancient! Upgrade to a different browser or install Google Chrome Frame to experience this site France, History, Nazism, Second World War On 23 July 1945 the 89-year-old Marshal Philippe Pétain went on trial for his life before a specially convened High Court in Paris accused of attacking national security and collusion with Nazi Germany amounting to treason he had steered the Vichy regime created from the wreckage of defeat into collaboration with the new continental hegemon after eight months of wandering to escape the advancing Allies through eastern France to the castle of Sigmaringen in Germany and finally to Switzerland he was in the custody of General de Gaulle’s provisional government Pétain’s trial was about much more than the fate of one extremely elderly man It was newly liberated France’s first opportunity to confront the traumas it had endured from May 1940 to August 1944: the catastrophic military defeat by Germany the dissolution of the Third Republic and its replacement by the authoritarian Vichy state the deportations of Jews and the increasingly bloody civil war between the collaborationist regime and the Resistance Julian Jackson does justice to all these aspects The central narrative of the trial grips like a thriller and the history of Vichy itself which inevitably involves much retrospective explanation is seamlessly woven into it without ever slowing the story’s momentum Jackson’s vivid prose is leavened by wit and sharpened by telling details often drawn from his rich knowledge of the French culture of the period ranging from Les Enfants du Paradis to the writings of Céline This is a substantial achievement by a historian at the top of his game At the heart of the book is the enigmatic figure of Pétain himself one of the great French heroes of the First World War His prestige and the popular confidence he inspired as French forces collapsed before the German Blitzkrieg were crucial to establishing the Vichy regime grandfatherly presence and carefully cultivated his image as the embodiment of unchanging rural France which underwrote the legitimacy that Vichy enjoyed he became senile over the four years following the establishment of the Vichy government remains a controversial issue sometimes appeared confused and made great play of his deafness yet these handicaps miraculously disappeared at key moments in the proceedings His brutal disavowal of his old comrade-in-arms who stumbled in his testimony for the defence ‘Pétain was never shy of ditching his most devoted followers if necessary.’ the extraordinary qualities of his nemesis One of the fascinating facts Jackson brings to our attention is that the rivalry between the two men began as a literary quarrel who had been ghostwriting a history of the French army for Pétain completed and published it under his own name after the marshal had abandoned it De Gaulle’s devastating comment on Pétain in his memoir but Jackson also quotes some remarkable notes he wrote about Pétain as early as 1938: ‘Too ambitious to be a mere arriviste … Too prudent not to take risks … His philosophy is one of adjustment … More grandeur than virtue.’ Behind the splendid aphorisms It was held in the Palais de Justice on the Ile de la Cité once the principal residence of the French kings Into the small courtroom were crammed magistrates The photographers sometimes had to crouch at Pétain’s feet to take their pictures lurked the ambiguities and contradictions that are inevitable when a new regime puts its predecessor on trial had previously sworn an oath of loyalty to the marshal while the jury pool was carefully limited to prewar parliamentarians and members of the Resistance The court procedure barely masked the fissures in French society opened up over the previous four years Jackson not only uses Pétain’s trial to analyse the greatest disaster of 20th-century France; he also sheds light on older traumas of modern French history he evokes the long shadow cast over the trial by the French Revolution which seems to have been omnipresent in observers’ minds Describing the packed balcony from which spectators craned their necks to get a better view of the court below ‘all that is missing are the Phrygian caps of the Revolutionary tribunals.’ Pétain’s trial was constantly compared to that of Louis XVI in 1792 the legitimate trial of a head of state for treason Since speaking directly about Pétain was too controversial later became a star of the French lecture circuit he instead gave lectures about the king’s trial (which the audience often punctuated with cries of ‘Long live Pétain!’) A striking element of the trial was the prosecutors’ obsession not with Pétain’s actions in power but with chasing the will-o’-the-wisp of whether the Vichy state was the culmination of a deep-laid plot against the Third Republic stretching back through the 1930s the question formed the longest section of the act of accusation against Pétain and the public prosecutor spent the first two hours of his closing speech on it This preoccupation with plots will be familiar to any student of the French Revolution and it resurfaced at intervals throughout France’s 19th-century upheavals Its reappearance at the Pétain trial was disturbing it resolved the problem of what Pétain’s fate should be: he was condemned to death though this sentence was later commuted to life imprisonment on an island off the coast of western France the trial was intended to condemn Vichy France itself and its extreme right-wing ideology of authoritarianism continues to repudiate the Vichy state as an illegal regime born of military defeat Yet there are signs today that the ‘Vichy taboo’ may be lifting The most obvious evidence is the candidature of the extreme nationalist Eric Zemmour in the 2022 presidential election Zemmour openly defended Vichy as having shielded France from Hitler’s worst excesses – a standard right-wing argument though bizarre coming from a public figure who is himself Jewish which is to use the kinds of measures the Vichy government applied to Jews as a weapon against France’s Muslim community He has advocated extensive denaturalisation of French Muslims and the eradication as far as possible of Islam as a religion in France after a strong start Zemmour came only fourth in the first round of the presidential election eclipsed by the more established candidate of the far right this shows that although the far right remains powerful in France Le Pen’s policies on immigration and Islam are only marginally less radical than Zemmour’s and for all her attempts to detoxify her party few of its supporters are unaware of the fact that its founder has both defended Vichy and downplayed the Holocaust If Marine Le Pen wins the next presidential election in 2027 which is by no means impossible given Emmanuel Macron’s current unpopularity France will face her greatest challenge since June 1940 Only a selection of our reviews and articles are free Subscribers receive the monthly magazine and access to all articles on our website Literary Review - For People Who Devour Books In the Current Issue: Nicola Shulman on Princess Diana * Sophie Oliver on Gertrude Stein * Costica Bradatan on P.. 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