Metrics details
the Nördlinger Ries and Steinheim Basin in southern Germany have been regarded as a textbook example of a terrestrial impact crater doublet
although the oldest crater lake deposits in both craters suggest a biostratigraphic age difference of ~ 0.5 to 1 Myr
We previously presented stratigraphic arguments that challenged the double impact scenario and favoured a model of two temporally independent impact events in the Mid-Miocene
four localities within a distance of ~ 50–100 km from the Ries and ~ 50–70 km from the Steinheim crater that expose two independent seismite horizons
together unique within the Upper Freshwater Molasse of the North Alpine Foreland Basin
each one featuring impressive water escape structures
The seismite horizons are separated by ~ 10 to 15 m of undisturbed Molasse deposits and
thus providing evidence for two independent major seismic events within a time span of ~ 0.5–1 Myr
Both the lower and the upper seismite horizons can be correlated litho- and biostratigraphically with the basal crater lake sediments at the Ries and Steinheim craters
the impact event that formed the Steinheim Basin probably occured around 14 Ma
some 0.8 Myr after the ~ 14.81 Ma Ries impact event
Geographic and geologic situation in the study area in southern Germany
Marked by red stars are outcrops of the Ries seismite within a distance of up to 205 km from the Ries crater
and the proposed Steinheim seismite (orange stars) within a distance of up to 100 km from the Steinheim crater
Four localties in green are presented and discussed in this study and are marked with stars half in red and orange
Note that no seismite occurences caused by Alpine seismotectonic events are known North of the dotted line
which we interpret as evidence for a second
high-magnitude earthquake in the region that occurred subsequent to the Ries earthquake
some doubt remained with respect to the impact-earthquake origin of the dike
the upper end of the dike is not (unlike the Ries seismite capped by distal Ries ejecta) overlain by a diagnostic Steinheim-impact layer
as is expected at the long distance from the relatively small source crater
cannot be easily correlated laterally with the subhorizontal deposits of the Ries seismite and overlying deposits
both the dike attributed to the Steinheim-earthquake and the Ries seismite occur as far as ~ 100 km from the two impact structures
the most important innovation in this follow-up study refers to the biostratigraphic context of the fossil content in deposits below and above the seismite horizons within the newly described outcrops and the biostratigraphically determined relative age of the crater lake deposits in the Ries and the Steinheim impact structures
Schematic description of the sedimentological situation (left)
and event stratigraphic interpretion of the sedimentologic succession (right) in the Dietenwengen sand and gravel pit (near Eberhardzell
~ 2 km east of the Hochgeländ plateau; outcrop no
the effects of the seismic event linked with the Steinheim impact are represented by slumps
and ball-and-pillow structures within the upper seismite unit (all photographs taken by V.J.S
Photographs of the details of the Steinheim seismite and clastic dikes from the four outcrops discussed in the present study; (a) The 4–5 m-thick Steinheim seismite in the Ziemetshausen sand pit with slumps in the upper parts and convolute bedding in the lower parts of the seismite
in 2008; photographs: (c)and (d) were taken by V.J.S
Fossils of this cervid with forked antlers are restricted to the European Land Mammal Zones (ELMZ) MN 5 and MN 6 but become increasingly abundant in MN 6 (evolution level Sansan)
The findings of Dicrocerus in a relative high lithostratigraphic position indicate the upper seismite horizon in this outcrop can be biostratigraphically placed most likely in the MN6 biozone
the seismite unit is overlain by several metres of undisturbed OSM sands topped by Quaternary deposits and soil
the upper seismite horizon is often directly underlain or replaced by 3–4 m (depending on the mining situation) of cross-bedded sands with several internal layers that contain reworked OSM deposits with larger clasts and fossils of plants
The upper seismite horizon is followed by a ~ 14 m-thick sequence of undisturbed
as well as faults along which variable offset of the Molasse deposits can be observed
These yellowish sands (‘gelbe Molasse’) are
followed by a few metres of grey OSM deposits (‘graue Molasse’) that form the upper end of the sand and gravel pit
The thin subvertical dikes and wedges in the cross-bedded sands on top of the upper seismite horizon
may have been caused either by the overburden of glaciers during the Pleistocene
or may have formed simultaneously with the upper seismite horizon
but well preserved carnivore tooth (M 1 inf.)
which fits morphometrically very well with the rare taxon Alopecocyon cf
an extinct relative of the small red panda (fam
Ailuridae) that today inhabits the Himalayas and SW China
Fossil remnants of the carnivor genus Alopecocyon are only known from very few localities in mid-Miocene deposits (e.g
Göriach) in Europe and Pakistan that span the ELMZ MN 6 and MN 7 biozones
The faunistic and biostratigraphical element of Alopecocyon is
crucial for dating the upper seismite horizon at the Dietenwengen locality
we argue the dikes/sills and the convolute bedding in the upper seismite horizon are of mid-Miocene age and the result of the same seismic event
the upper seismite seems to indicate an age corresponding to biozone MN 6 or the transition zone MN 6/7
the relatively thick and very distinct upper seismite horizon detected at the Dietenwengen sand pit is underlain by bone beds that offer a rich fauna indicative for the transitional ELMZ zone of MN 6 to MN 6/7
The lowermost Ries crater lake deposits are dominated by the same faunal assemblage
The upper seismite horizon is under- and overlain by faunal elements of the ELMZ MN 6 to MN 6/7
strikingly consistent with identical faunal elements that occur in the lowermost Steinheim crater lake deposits; ELMZ European Land Mammal Zone
It is noteworthy that none of the clastic dikes that cross-cut the Ries seismite/distal ejecta-couplet also cross-cut the upper seismite horizon
This suggests the clastic dikes and the upper seismite
produced by a second large Middle Miocene earthquake
the paleoearthquake that produced the upper seismite potentially also created the clastic dikes
Simplified lithostratigraphic columns illustrating the four outcrops described and discussed in the present study
a lower Ries seismite horizon capped with distal Ries ejecta (or equivalent) and an upper Steinheim seismite horizon (or equivalent) are clearly associated by appearance and altitude above the sea-level
Note that the outcrop Ziemetshausen with significant divergent altitude is situated ~ 50 km north of the other three outcrops
and the grey arrow shows the potential maximum influence of the seismotectonic feature of the Hohenzollerngraben
The seismotectonic source of the Upper Rhine Graben with its distance of more than 150 km to the Hochgeländ area and more than 200 km to the Ziemetshausen outcrop is not considered
because seismite formation at such a distance is very unlikely
Note that no other seismic source beside the Ries and Steinheim impact events had the potential seismic capacity to impart enough energy into the Ziemetshausen sedimentary target
sufficent to form metre-thick seismite horizons
the Ziemetshausen area is still situated far beyond the sphere of influence (at least 50 km) from all seismic sources thought to have been active in the Middle Miocene
This makes the scenario of a tectonic or volcanic seismite-producing event in the study area very unlikely for the upper seismite horizon exposed in the Ziemetshausen sand pit
the Ries and the Steinheim events both caused major seismic shaking and are both located only some 55 km away from this locality
It is also noteworthy that the upper (Steinheim) seismite at Ziemetshausen
located only ~ 53 km SE of the Steinheim crater
is the thickest (4 to 5 m) and most distinctly developed upper seismite horizon in the entire study area
whereas at other localities (in the Hochgeländ area and at Dietenwengen sand pit) the upper seismite horizons is developed less distinctly and only has a thickness between 0.5 and 2 m
This indicates the seismic source for the upper seismite horizon was situated somewhere north of Ziemetshausen
and not in the Alps in the South or in any major tectonic structure west of this area
This agrees very well with the vertical extension and thickness of the clastic dikes that also decrease from North to South in the study area
Although direct evidence for the context between the Steinheim impact and the formation of the upper seismite horizon and clastic dikes (e.g
superimposed distal Steinheim ejecta on Steinheim seismite) still needs to be established
the number and quality of biostratigraphic
and geographic arguments provide a comfortable degree of certainty that the upper seismite horizon was most likely formed as a result of the Steinheim impact-earthquake
We payed particular attention to ravines in the areas south of Ulm
Outcrops with soft-sediment deformation structures and clastic dikes and sills were partially exposed below and above the distal ejecta horizon along the flanks of the ravines after very heavy rainfall in winter 2018/2019 in the Biberach and Ravensburg area and were first discovered and investigated in spring 2019
The structures were excavated during various field campaigns from spring until winter 2019
We excavated and examined in detail the sandy foreland basin deposits over a vertical extension of up to 20 m along the flank of some ravines in the Hochgeländ area (e.g.
‘Tobel Oelhalde-Nord’ near Biberach) and over tens of metres laterally along the flanks of the ravines in the Ravensburg area and in an active sand pit near Dietenwengen
we discovered several new outcrops with Ries seismite overlain by distal Ries ejecta and dike swarms in the Hochgeländ plateau and near Ravensburg
we finally discovered outcrops with two separate seismite horizons in a ravine in the Hochgeländ plateau (Josefstobel)
The former Ziemetshausen sand pit was inspected in detail in the years 2005 and 2008 by members of our group and/or by colleagues
mentioned as data source in the text and the acknowledgements
All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files]
Ries crater and suevite revisited: Observations and modeling
New discovery of two seismite horizons challenges the Ries-Steinheim double-impact theory
A high-precision 40Ar/39Ar age for the Nördlinger Ries impact crater
and implications for the accurate dating of terrestrial impact events
Response to comment on “A high-precision 40Ar/39Ar age for the Nördlinger Ries impact crater
and implications for the accurate dating of terrestrial impact events” by Schmieder et al
Earth’s impact events through geologic time: A list of recommended ages for terrestrial impact structures and deposits
Strahlenkegel in Opalinuston-Konkretionen des Steinheimer Beckens (Baden-Württemberg): Shatter cones in Opalinuston concretions of the Steinheim Basin (SW Germany)
Steinheim Suevite: A first report of melt bearing impactites from the Steinheim Basin (SW Germany)
Evolution in isolation: The Gyraulus species flock from Miocene Lake Steinheim revisited
Land snails from the Miocene Steinheim impact crater lake sediments (Baden-Württemberg
Mammalia) guild structure across the Middle/Upper Miocene boundary in Germany
Modeling the Ries-Steinheim impact event and the formation of the moldavite strewn field
Litho- und biostratigraphische Untersuchungen in der Oberen Süßwassermolasse des Landkreises Biberach an der Riß (Oberschwaben)
Strahlenkalke (Shatter-Cones) aus dem Brockhorizont der Oberen Süßwassermolasse in Oberschwaben (Südwestdeutschland): Fernauswürflinge des Nördlinger-Ries-Impaktes (Pfeil
Enigmatic earthquake-generated large-scale clastic dyke in the Biberach area (SW Germany)
Diamictites and soft sediment deformation related to the Ries (ca
14.9 Ma) meteorite impact: The “Blockhorizont” of Bernhardzell (Eastern Switzerland)
Estimating average shock pressures recorded by impactite samples based on universal stage investigations of planar deformation features in quartz: Sources of error and recommendations
Simulation of trajectories and maximum reach of distal impact ejecta under terrestrial conditions: Consequences for the Ries crater
Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics Series No
Hydrocode simulations of Chicxulub crater collapse and peak-ring formation
The Steinheim Basin impact crater (SW-Germany): Where are the ejecta?
Remote faulting triggered by strong seismic waves from the Cretaceous-Paleogene asteroid impact
The Chicxulub asteroid impact and mass extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary
A seismically induced onshore surge deposit at the K-Pg boundary
Earth impact effects program: A web-based computer program for calculating the regional environmental consequences of a meteoroid impact on Earth
Sand spikes pinpoint powerful palaeoseismicity
End-Permian impactogenic earthquake and tsunami deposits in the intracratonic Paraná Basin of Brazil
Impact-related clastic injections in the marine Ordovician Lockne impact structure
Uniquely extensive seismite from the latest Triassic of the United Kingdom: Evidence for bolide impact?
Switzerland: Long-distance effects of the Ries impact-earthquake?
Doublet craters and the tidal disruption of binary asteroids
Die mittelmiozänen Vogel- und Säugetierfaunen des Nördlinger Ries (MN6) und des Steinheimer Beckens (MN7) - ein Vergleich
Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 181
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Seehuber, U. Litho-und Biostratigraphische Untersuchungen in der Oberen Süßwassermolasse in der Umgebung von Kirchheim in Schwaben. Doctoral Thesis, LMU München. https://doi.org/10.5282/edoc.9993 (2008)
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Ein kurzer Abriß der Mikroflora von Steinheim am Albuch
An example of intralacustrine evolution at an early stage: The freshwater ostracods of the Miocene crater lake of Steinheim (Germany)
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The authors are grateful to Peter Bockstaller (Schopfheim
Germany) for providing photographs from the former Ziemetshausen sand pit and detailed information on the outcrop conditions in the year 2005
We thank Michael Morlo (Senckenberg Research Institute
Heizmann (Erdmannhausen) for detailed information on the determination of a fossil carnivore tooth from Dietenwengen
acknowledges a grant (project 11050) by the Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft (Dieter Schwarz Stiftung)
Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL
HNU - Neu-Ulm University of Applied Sciences
and documentation including digital photos of all seismite horizons
clastic dikes and distal Ries ejecta in the field was done by V.J.S
(Biberach and Ravensburg areas) and by E.B
(Ziemetshausen sand pit) unless otherwise specified
Newly discovered Middle Miocene fossil objects from the Dietenwengen sand pit and the ravine Josefstobel were recovered and determined by V.J.S.
prepared the results and figures and led the paper preparation
litho- and biostratigraphical interpretations of field data were carried out by E.B.
All authors contributed to the writing and editing of the paper
The authors declare no competing interests
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
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The Nördlinger Ries and the Steinheim Basin are widely perceived as a Middle Miocene impact crater doublet
We discovered two independent earthquake-produced seismite horizons in North Alpine Foreland Basin deposits potentially related to both impacts
demonstrated to be associated with the Ries impact
is overlain by distal impact ejecta in situ
forming a unique continental seismite-ejecta couplet within a distance of up to 180 km from the crater
also produced by a major palaeo-earthquake
comprises clastic dikes that cut through the Ries seismite-ejecta couplet
The clastic dikes may have formed in response to the Steinheim impact
in line with paleontologic results that indicate a time gap of about 0.5 Myr between the Ries and Steinheim events
This interpretation suggests the Ries and Steinheim impacts represent two temporally separate events in Southern Germany that
witnessed a double disaster in the Middle Miocene
The magnitude–distance relationship of seismite formation during large earthquakes suggests the seismic and destructive potential of impact-induced earthquakes may be underestimated
We here present additional evidence for two separate seismite horizons exposed at several localities within the North Alpine Foreland Basin in southern Germany and northern Switzerland
Both seismite occurrences are consistent with at least two strong
cut through the seismites and Ries ejecta in three different outcrops; UFM: Upper Freshwater Molasse; SSDS: soft-sediment deformation structures; Tobel is the local term for a small ravine in southern Germany)
The Upper Freshwater Molasse deposits that overlie (i.e.
postdate) the DREL are typically cross-bedded or horizontally layered and generally appear undisturbed and unaffected by dewatering processes
Faunal assemblages (European Land Mammal Zones
ELMZ) that occur within the Ries and Steinheim crater lake deposits and in context with the distal Ries ejecta horizon
the ELMZ also comprise the typical floral and faunal (e.g.
the slumped deposits do not occur at the basis of the lake deposits
which would have been favored by the steep relief of the newly formed
precipitous impact crater; but soft-sediment deformation appears to be dominant in the middle of the sedimentary succession
The slumps and convolute bedding within the Ries crater lake could well represent a long-distance effect of a strong earthquake some hundred kyr after the Ries impact
potentially triggered by the Steinheim impact only some 40 km SW of the Ries crater
The time gap of approximately 0.5 Myr also fits the purported age difference between the crater lake deposits at both impact structures
as well as the post-Ries timing of active slumping within the Ries crater lake sediments
combined with the lack of an effective seismic source for a high-magnitude earthquake postdating the Ries event
lead us to conclude that the Ries and Steinheim impact structures might be the result of two temporally separate impact events in southern Germany
occurring ~ 40 km and ~ 0.5 Myr (and up to 1 Myr?) apart
The occurrences of the seismite near Biberach
and Bernhardzell are the first reported deposits in which evidence for earthquake-induced soft-sediment deformation structures caused by the Ries impact has been documented
this is also the first known occurrence of a primary continental seismite-ejecta couplet exposed in situ
the earthquake magnitude–distance relationship for liquefaction effects is currently still underexplored and needs to be evaluated from the perspective of geologically younger major earthquakes
Hammer for scale is approximately 30 cm long
Photograph taken in Kleintobel close to Ravensburg by V.J.S
small airborne ejecta particles and ash from the impact plume probably reached the higher troposphere and stratosphere and caused havy rainfall for days (and possibly for weeks or months due to the atmospheric disturbance) after the impact event
The intact nature of bones and teeth document that these fossils were not significantly reworked and that the finding situation is more or less in situ
the same region was affected by a second set of catastrophic effects
presumably induced by the Steinheim impact event
that produced large dikes cutting through the Ries seismite–ejecta couplet and the overlaying layers of Upper Freshwater Molasse
With the Ries and Steinheim impacts as an extraterrestrial one-two punch
Southern Germany seems to have witnessed a veritable double disaster in the Middle Miocene
We paid particular attention to ravines in the areas of Biberach and Ravensburg in SW Germany and Bernhardzell (St
After heavy rainfall in the Biberach and Ravensburg area in spring 2019
deposits with soft-sediment deformation structures and clastic dikes were partially exposed below and above the distal ejecta horizon along the valley sides of the ravines
The structures were excavated during eight field campaigns from spring to winter 2019
We excavated the sandy foreland basin deposits over a vertical extension of 15 m along the flank of the ‘Tobel Oelhalde-Nord’ (Biberach) and over tens of metres laterally along the flanks of the ravines ‘Tobel Oelhalde-Nord and –Süd’ (Biberach) and Kleintobel (Ravensburg)
Thin sections of the dike's infill were analyzed for their petrographic properties using a polarization microscope
Additional unconsolidated samples of the infill were investigated by reflected-light microscopy to assess their fossil content (e.g.
this method requires the detailed analysis of a large number of shocked quartz grains
Due to their rare nature in the distal Ries ejecta horizon
this study does not provide systematic PDF statistics
an equation that correlates the impact energy with the resultant seismic magnitude (ML) was derived:
Modeling the Ries–Steinheim impact event and the formation of the moldavite strewn field
Ries crater and suevite revisited—observations and modeling part II: modeling
Ries crater and suevite revisited—observations and modelling
Steinheim Suevite—a first report of melt bearing impactites from the Steinheim Basin (SW Germany)
The Steinheim Basin impact crater (SW-Germany)—where are the ejecta?
Simulation of trajectories and maximum reach of distal impact ejecta under terrestrial conditions: consequences for the Ries crater
Strahlenkalke (Shatter-Cones) aus dem Brockhorizont der Oberen Süßwassermolasse in Oberschwaben (Südwestdeutschland)—Fernauswürflinge des Nördlinger-Ries-Impaktes (Pfeil
A Record of Large Impacts in Sedimentary Deposits (Springer
14.9 Ma) meteorite impact: the “Blockhorizont” of Bernhardzell (Eastern Switzerland)
Die Tierwelt vor 15 Millionen Jahren und die Rieskatastrophe
A seismically induced onshore surge deposit at the K-Pg
Sedimentology of the Neoproterozoic Acraman impact-ejecta horizon
Hydrocode simulations of chicxulub crater collapse and peak-ring formation
Marine Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary section in southwestern South Dakota
The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary cocktail: Chicxulub impact triggers margin collapse and extensive sediment gravity flows
Geologie von Baden-Württemberg (Schweizerbart
The current state of knowledge about shatter cones: introduction to the special issue
Earth impact effects program: a web-based computer program for calculating the regional environmental consequences of a meteoroid impact on Earth
Synsedimentary deformation in the Jurassic of southeastern Utah—a case of impact shaking?
Uniquely extensive seismite from the latest Triassic of the United Kingdom: evidence for bolide impact?
clastic sandstone complex at the K/T boundary around the Gulf of Mexico: deposition by tsunami waves induced by the Chicxulub impact?
Biostratigraphy and sedimentology of the Fluviatile Untere Serie (Early and Middle Miocene) in the central part of the North Alpine Foreland Basin: implications for palaeoenvironment and climate
Some considerations on small mammal evolution in Southern Germany
with emphasis on Late Burdigalian-Earliest Tortonian (Miocene) cricetid rodents
Sand blows as a potential tool for magnitude estimation of pre-instrumental earthquakes
Paläomagnetische und gesteinsmagnetische Untersuchungen an den Kernen der Forschungsbohrung Nördlingen 1973
Rutschgefüge in den jungtertiären Seesedimenten der Forschungsbohrung Nördlingen 1973
High-resolution palynological analysis in late early–middle Miocene core from the Pannonian Basin
astronomical forcing and eustatic fluctuations in the Central Paratethys
Methner, K. et al. Middle Miocene long-term continental temperature change in and out of pace with marine climate records. Nat. Sci. Rep. 10, 7989. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64743-5 (2020)
Das Ries–Steinheim-Ereignis – Impakt in eine miozäne Seen- und Sumpflandschaft—the Ries–Steinheim event – impact into a Miocene swampy lakescape
40Ar/39Ar age of the Lake Saint Martin impact structure (Canada)—unchaining the Late Triassic terrestrial impact craters
New40Ar/39Ar dating of the Clearwater Lake impact structures (Québec
Canada)—not the binary asteroid impact it seems?
Supportive comment on: "Morphology and population of binary asteroid impact craters"
363 (2013) 121–132] - An updated assessment
Earth’s impact events through geologic time: a list of recommended ages for terrestrial impact structures and deposits
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Seismic effects for major basin formations on the moon and mercury
Floods on Mars released from groundwater by impact
A review of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (Mw 9.0): large-scale rupture across heterogeneous plate coupling
Impact structures of the Libyan Sahara: some comparisons with Mars
Airblast produced by Meteor Crater impact event and a reconstruction of the affected environment
RESEARCH FOCUS: volcanic eruptions: from ionosphere to the plumbing system
Brachypotherium-Skelettreste aus der Oberen Süßwassermolasse in Oberschwaben (SW-Deutschland)
Systematic study of universal-stage measurements of planar deformation features in shocked quartz: Implications for statistical significance and representation of results
Estimating average shock pressures recorded by impactite samples based on universal stage investigations of planar deformation features in quartz – Sources of error and recommendations
Comparison of magnitude estimates for New Zealand earthquakes: moment magnitude
A handbook of Shock-Metamorphic Effects in Terrestrial Meteorite Impact Structures
Relation among magnitude scales relevant to strong ground motion
In Proceedings of 9th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Tokyo
The 1968 Tokachi-Oki and the 1969 Kurile Islands earthquakes: variability in the rupture process
An extensive study of clustering features of seismicity in Italy from 2005 to 2016
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The authors are gratefull for various help to: Moritz Schmelz (University of Stuttgart)
Christoph Wimmer-Pfeil (Museum of Natural Sciences
and Felix Holl (University of Applied Sciences Neu-Ulm)
We kindly thank Christian Köberl (University of Vienna) for valuable comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript
We are also grateful for detailed and very helpful reviews by Wouter Bleeker (Ottawa
Canada) and an anonuymous reviewer that helped to improve our manuscript significantly
and for further valuable comments by the associated editor Susanna Falsaperla
LPI is operated by USRA under a cooperative agreement with the Science Mission Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
acknowledges a grant (Project 11050) by the Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft (Dieter Schwarz Stiftung)
He carried out the study on shocked quartz grains and crystallographical measurement of the planar deformation features by universal stage microscopy
He provided the sediment samples for petrographic and mineralogic analyses
litho- and biostratigraphical interpretations of field data was carried out by E.B.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79032-4
International Journal of Earth Sciences (2022)
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Fuyao Glass is one of the world’s largest producers of glass for cars with a 25 percent market share
Overseas revenue accounted for 49 percent of the company’s total income last year
the pandemic has led to a drop in orders from its downstream clients as both production and sales in the auto sector decline
Overall profit fell 22 percent in the first quarter from a year earlier mainly as a result of the fallout from Covid-19
Shares of Fuyao Glass [SHA:600660] closed up 1.59 percent today at CNY21.71 (USD3)