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Sitting cross-legged in meditation with a serene smile
the Buddha is one of the most recognizable figures in the world
But one doesn’t have to travel the banks of the Ganges River to dive into the Siddhartha story
a small wine-producing village along another river
is awash in fulfillment thanks to the Buddha Museum
I wondered how impressive a Buddha attraction in Germany could really be
The museum is in a castle-like building at the edge of the tranquil town on the Moselle
As one might more readily expect from its surroundings
a thought-provoking home for an ascetic sage
pictures and pagodas from around the globe stretch across 43,000 square feet of exhibition floors as calming monk chants play softly from the speakers
sculptures and pieces of art depicting the three main Buddhist branches: Theravada
nobody really knows what Siddhartha really looked like
color and design features artists chose in their renderings of this iconic figure through the ages
The oldest displays on site are exhibits of four Gandhara Buddhas
from the border region of what today are Afghanistan and Pakistan
It was where artists first created statues of the Buddha in human form
in a mix of Hellenic and Eastern style elements
The museum does a good job explaining the stylistic features
while others stand for wisdom or the moment of enlightenment
One of the standout exhibits is what the museum bills as the world’s smallest Buddha statue
It’s as tall as a matchhead and made the Guinness Book of World Records
One character visitors will not find among the exhibits is the grinning
rotund personage seen in restaurants and on T-shirts
A museum display explains that this isn’t actually a Buddha
He was a Buddhist monk and is called Budai in China and Hotei in Japan
he wandered around with a cotton sack collecting and removing ailments or bringing joy and good fortune
the museum features a small nook set aside as a meditation room
where visitors can test their lotus position abilities and practice meditation
my wife and I climbed a narrow set of stairs to arrive on the rooftop garden
The open space offers further relaxation along with views of the winding Moselle River and surrounding town
Founded in 2009 by husband-and-wife team Brigitte and Wolfgang Preuss
the museum grew from a personal collection to the vast display today
Casual visitors may be overwhelmed by the single-minded concentration on a lone subject
enjoyed the peacefulness and spent nearly three hours there
We concluded our visit with a pick-me-up at the nearby Namaste Shiva restaurant
which offers affordable vegetarian treats from the Buddha’s home of India
Adherents of Buddhism believe that Siddhartha achieved what was considered unattainable: a way of life that fosters calmness and freedom from suffering
8 euros for students with identification and 13 euros per person for groups of 10 or more
Guided tours in English are available by appointment for groups of 10 or more for an additional fee of 5 euros per person
Police said five people were able to get out of the building in the tourist region unhurt
News | World
Part of a hotel has collapsed in a winemaking town in western Germany leaving at least two people dead and several others trapped in the wreckage
Four people were rescued hours after the incident in Kroev
when a storey of the Reichsschenke Zum Ritter Götz hotel collapsed at about 11pm local time yesterday
Fourteen people were in the hotel at the time
Police said five were able to get out of the building unhurt
emergency services established that one person had died but they were not immediately able to recover the body
Germany media were later reporting that a second person had died
Police said in a statement: “Eight people are still trapped in the building
The emergency services have contact with some of them.”
authorities said they had rescued two women
Their conditions were not immediately clear
Authorities reportedly said that one of the people trapped was a child
who was physically unhurt and in contact with emergency workers
Images from the scene showed the building’s gable roof slanted backwards as emergency personnel tended to the victims
Footage showed a woman being carried out of the building by an emergency worker
while in another a baby could be seen taken out of the damaged building
A care centre has been set up for the injured and their relatives
Regional public broadcaster SWR said witnesses reported hearing a bang and seeing a large cloud of dust at the time of the collapse
Authorities evacuated 31 people from the area immediately around the damaged building
There was no immediate word on what caused the collapse
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FTSE 100 closes lower as global markets continue to wobble
Save £20 per person on autumn and Christmas days out by steam
Police said it was “an extremely demanding deployment
because emergency personnel can only enter the building with the greatest caution”
is on a picturesque section of the Mosel near the larger resort town of Traben-Trarbach
Prince Louis steals the show at VE Day parade as he keeps dad William looking sharp and mimics brother George
Prince Louis steals show with sweet antics at VE parade
Ukraine 'launches stunning Kursk offensive' in major blow for Putin ahead of Victory Day celebrations
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VE Day 2025 fashion: best looks from the day
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New visa crackdown as Home Office plans to restrict applications from nationalities most likely to overstay
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worst and wackiest looks on the red carpet — Rihanna
worst and wackiest looks on the red carpet
The infamous "CyberBunker" data center in Traben-Trarbach
potentiallly as either a wine or cheese cellar
The bunker is reportedly a multi-story protective structure
with four floors underground and a floor space of 5,500 sqm (59,202 sq ft)
It has two adjacent office buildings with a total floor space of 4,300 sqm (46,285 sq ft) and is set on 13-hectares of land
The bunker was previously being used as a data center that hosted illegal multi-million dollar deals on the darknet
German investigators shut down the operation in 2019
the location was hosting sites that sold drugs
Around 200 servers were seized during the raid
CyberBunker itself claims to have "hosted services to any website except child pornography and anything related to terrorism."
Ultimately seven people were convicted of 'membership of a criminal organization' by the Trier Regional Court in 2021
Ownership of the site was handed over to the state of Rhineland-Palatinate in September 2023
Prior to its nefarious uses, the bunker was a NATO facility. According to a 2012 article in Immobilien Zeitung
it was being used as a data center by the military
it was acquired by an unidentified Dutchman from the Office for Geoinformation of the Bundeswehr
it seems that the bunker is still piquing interest for commercial uses
he has received inquiries from people looking to rent the site
One is a Dutchman who hopes to store and mature cheese in the bunker
Other proposals include using the site as a backup for a bank
The site is currently being offered by the current owner the State of Rhineland-Palatinate as a facility to the public sector with discussions underway with Germany's Federal Agency for Real Estate
An assessment of the facility is currently underway as it needs significant renovation for future use
Data Centre Dynamics Ltd (DCD), 32-38 Saffron Hill, London, EC1N 8FH Email. [email protected]DCD is a subsidiary of InfraXmedia
built a vast underground bunker near the town of Traben-Trarbach
had nearly sixty thousand square feet of floor space
and was designed to withstand a nuclear attack
Eighty days’ worth of survival provisions were stored inside
including an emergency power supply and more than a million litres of drinking water
You entered the facility through an air lock; the interior temperature was set to seventy degrees
The rooms were soundproof and transmission-proof
the bunker was the headquarters of the Bundeswehr’s meteorological division
and at any one time about three hundred and fifty civilian contractors worked there; most of them focussed on predicting and plotting weather patterns wherever the German military was deployed
to help people orient themselves—but the bunker was symmetrical
workers on day shifts arrived in the dark and left in the dark
the Bundeswehr moved its meteorological division to another site
listed the bunker for three hundred and fifty thousand euros
The low price reflected the unusual nature of the property and the expense of maintaining it
The bunker sat beneath a plot of some thirty acres
in a forested area on a hill outside Traben-Trarbach
which is an hour east of the Belgian border
The perimeter of the property was marked by ramparts and a fence
and aboveground the site contained several large structures
and barracks constructed by the Nazis in 1933
solely to insure that the bunker was properly ventilated and did not flood
The German government hoped that a technology business
The relocation of the Bundeswehr division was a blow to the local economy
Traben-Trarbach is a fairy-tale town that straddles a bend in the wide
which is overlooked by a ruined fourteenth-century castle
is full of aesthetic quirks and highly caloric delicacies
but thousands of tourists arrive every summer to hike
Traben-Trarbach was a wine-trading hub second only to Bordeaux
and also a center of the Jugendstil movement
the German iteration of Art Nouveau; many of its buildings reflect the wealth and the brio of that period
a Jugendstil relief of Rapunzel adorned the side of an apartment building
Her gilded hair fell in wavy lines from the fourth floor to the second
worked at the bunker complex for nearly thirty years
and for eleven of them he operated its mainframe computer
“not everybody could deal with working in a bunker,” adding
a foundation controlled by a fifty-three-year-old Dutchman named Herman-Johan Xennt proposed to buy the bunker complex
Xennt travelled to Traben-Trarbach to explain his plans to a closed session of the town council
with a cascade of shoulder-length gray-blond hair
Xennt told the council that he intended to set up a Web-hosting business at the bunker complex
and promised to create as many as a hundred jobs for local people
Several council members were concerned about Xennt’s credentials
Although he said that he had been in the Web-hosting business for years
the property was sold to Xennt’s foundation
“I didn’t have the best feeling about it.”
“The pear-shaped object approaching the house isn’t your father?”Cartoon by Frank CothamCopy link to cartoonCopy link to cartoonLink copied
I spoke to a former pornography distributor who used Xennt’s servers during this period
as he now works in finance.) He told me that his business brought in about a million euros a year
but that Xennt himself had relatively little money
because he had imprudently bought hundreds of servers—an investment in infrastructure that took several years to pay off
A curious mixture of adolescent-male fantasia and techno-anarchist utopia
CyberBunker anticipated the current trend for apocalypse-ready hideaways owned by the rich and paranoid
The pornographer visited the Goes facility several times
Xennt’s taste in interior design had changed little since he had decorated his teen-age bedroom: the bunker was furnished with computer terminals
The pornographer found the bunker’s atmosphere strange but “impressive”; its denizens were “alternative” people
which is a popular snack in the Netherlands—along with an assortment of vitamins
“Xennt was a mysterious guy,” the pornographer told me
Two other former colleagues remember that the Goes bunker had a “porno room” where there were sometimes live sex shows involving Xennt’s girlfriends
In 1999, a young programmer named Sven Kamphuis, who went by the online handle CB3ROB, joined the CyberBunker collective. Kamphuis worked a day job at the Dutch Internet firm XS4ALL. He had unruly black eyebrows and a crazy mop of black hair, and his colleagues at XS4ALL thought that he looked like Bert, from “Sesame Street.” They also remember him as rude
But Kamphuis’s talent for programming was undeniable
Xennt rented part of the bunker to another group
and in the fire that ensued Xennt suffered burns on his hands and his face
and in the charred ruins of the bunker they found the remnants of a laboratory for making Ecstasy
He maintained that he had known nothing about the drug factory
and that the subletting group had assured him it was a painting company
CyberBunker’s servers were moved to aboveground facilities
which said that “all people have the right to self-determination,” the Republic of CyberBunker—population six—seceded from the Netherlands
CyberBunker declared as its sovereign territory the five hundred acres containing the ruined bunker
The country’s official currencies would be gold
and each resident would pay a flat tax of fifteen thousand dollars a year
Its President was His Majesty King Xennt von CyberBunker
and its minister of foreign affairs and telecommunications was His Royal Highness Prince Sven Olaf von CyberBunker-Kamphuis
Several people told me that Xennt was not entirely sincere about his self-proclaimed regal status
(He recently called CyberBunker’s declaration of independence “a joke.”) But Kamphuis was serious about it—and remains so
he has more than once claimed to “enjoy personal and functional immunity” when faced with arrest
on charges ranging from driving offenses to cybercrime
told me that Xennt’s world view was more pragmatic than Kamphuis’s: he simply wanted the freedom to pursue his own projects without interference
Xennt declined to be interviewed for this article
but agreed to give written answers to a dozen questions
I value privacy and I am against the ‘big brother’ policy of large corporations and governments.”
helping to instigate what became known as the Public Root movement
He and an international group of investors and programmers tried to create their own roster of top-level domains—the suffixes that follow an Internet address
such as “.org,” “.com,” and “.edu.” They came up with various new domains—including “.schiphol,” the name of Amsterdam’s airport
Top-level domains are controlled by an American nonprofit organization called ICANN
At a time when the structure of the Internet still seemed to be in flux
Xennt and others in the Public Root movement chafed at ICANN’s authority
Xennt filed a patent application related to top-level domains
“We state that each Internet user has the right to see all of the Internet.”
The Public Root movement eventually fell apart
because of internal arguments over control
one of Xennt’s former partners in the project
successfully sued Xennt for breach of contract
Burger told me that Public Root was “ideological,” but added
who now works in private health care in the Netherlands
but he’s not a businessman.” Peter Olsthoorn
a Dutch investigative journalist who has covered Xennt and CyberBunker ever since the Public Root contretemps
said that Xennt was an “old-fashioned anarchist” with a specific gift: he understood “the Internet in its root
in the core.” Scheepers told me that Xennt was an inspired designer who might have worked for Apple had he chosen a different path
Although Xennt could code only in the rudimentary language BASIC
he was prescient about the kinds of change that a connected world would bring
Xennt had attempted to start his own online encrypted banking-transfer service
It had failed because of Xennt’s greed and lack of business acumen
first heard that Xennt’s foundation had bought the Traben-Trarbach bunker in the summer of 2013
after a council member conveyed his concerns to the local police
is a lean and affable man with a shaved head and an unshaven face
his office has specialized in prosecuting cybercrime
Soon after he began researching Xennt and his company
he concluded that some of CyberBunker’s clients were manifestly illegal
But CyberBunker itself appeared to exist in a gray area between activism
Despite this damning evidence, the MaxiDed case was not easy to prosecute. The company was shut down and two of its administrators were arrested. One was tried in the Netherlands but was convicted only on a single count of money laundering. On all other counts, the prosecutors failed to show that MaxiDed had been a knowing accessory to crime. “The case sort of fell apart,” van Eeten told me.
“Do you have any more eggs I could borrow?”Cartoon by Justin SheenCopy link to cartoonCopy link to cartoonLink copied
knew that if he was going to bring down CyberBunker he needed both analog and digital evidence of wrongdoing
local police officers started monitoring the property
because Xennt had added taller fencing to the ramparts
The officers also enlisted someone connected to CyberBunker as an informant
a German cybercrime unit based in the city of Mainz began investigating Xennt’s activities
In December, I travelled to Mainz, which is about an hour east of Traben-Trarbach, and met with the cybercrime team. Three police officers and two civilian contractors worked out of a crowded room in a quiet area of the city. The unit’s headquarters had the ambience of a nerdy frat house. Decorating one wall was a “Breaking Bad” poster featuring the show’s antihero
Walter White—a disgruntled chemistry teacher who begins cooking enormous quantities of meth in a high-tech bunker
The officers asked that I not use their names
but they were happy to discuss their five-year investigation of CyberBunker
None of the men looked old enough to have been doing anything professional for half a decade
German authorities granted them permission to intercept the bunker’s Web traffic
The officers tapped a cable going into the facility; the inflow and outflow were “mirrored,” or copied
A small portion of the information they captured—around ten or fifteen per cent—was unencrypted
the police could see links to illegal Web pages that sold drugs
Although the police could not decode any of the encrypted data
the size of the flow suggested that CyberBunker was offering bulletproof protection for a huge number of so-called dark-Web sites
Tor is based on technology developed in the mid-nineties by employees of the U.S
with the intention of protecting online communications
government.) The first working version of the software was launched in 2002
The Internet works by sending packets of information from one computer to another
The Tor browser routes all traffic through a network of relay nodes
in such a way that the starting point cannot be detected by the destination
encryption is stripped away like the layers of an onion
Tor is an abbreviation of “the onion router.”
the dark Web has become a haven for political activists
Many journalists use Tor to send and receive information securely
Some users like the fact that dark-Web pages are not subject to the same censorship as the regular Web
where there are limits on what you can say
Other users appreciate Tor because they can avoid offering up their private data to such giant corporations as Google and Facebook
Yet a 2016 study by researchers at King’s College London found that sixty per cent of Tor sites contain illicit material. Between 2011 and 2013, the first truly successful dark-Web bazaar, the Silk Road
processed hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of illegal drug transactions
Ross Ulbricht—an American who went by the online moniker Dread Pirate Roberts—is now serving a life sentence in an Arizona prison
Ulbricht had espoused a libertarian outlook
and had argued that the Silk Road was forging a path toward a world unfettered by repressive governments
When Xennt bought the Traben-Trarbach property, he invited his sons, who were now young adults, to work there. Their mother, Angelique, came along, too, though she didn’t work at CyberBunker. According to a childhood friend of the sons, who visited the complex, the family didn’t fully reunite: Angelique and her sons stayed in the aboveground barracks with the other workers.
“There was always this funny feeling—what was on those servers?” Langer told me. “And Xennt would say, ‘That’s my customers’ secret.’ ”
When Frank Van der Loos, the Dutch programmer, first visited the bunker complex, in the fall of 2015, he was bowled over by how enormous the property was. He was on the site for two days, and saw “maybe a third of it.” Xennt told Van der Loos that he kept finding new rooms.
Van der Loos was surprised to see that Xennt’s office was littered with phones—there were around thirty modified BlackBerrys on his desk alone. Xennt explained to Van der Loos that the phones were why he had been invited to Traben-Trarbach. He was expanding into an exciting new business.
“I didn’t want to embarrass them by telling them I don’t work here
so I told them it was a three-hour wait for a table instead.”Cartoon by Carolita JohnsonCopy link to cartoonCopy link to cartoonLink copied
Around the time of Van der Loos’s visit to the bunker
an Irish crime reporter from the Sunday World
she received a tip from a source that a major Irish drug dealer
had moved from southern Spain to Traben-Trarbach
in order to work on an encrypted-phone business with Xennt
but a tourist town in the Mosel Valley is a curious headquarters for a crime boss
Mitchell has a portly frame and a distinctive waddle
he had become one of Ireland’s most successful importers of illegal drugs
But he abruptly left for Amsterdam after he was linked to the attempted murder of a London gangster and to the creation of Ireland’s first Ecstasy factory
Mitchell was arrested in the Netherlands after he was caught unloading a shipment of stolen computer parts
According to a senior Irish police detective
Mitchell’s drug-importation business thrived even after his Dutch jail term; in 2012
he facilitated the attempted shipment to Ireland of some four hundred kilograms of cocaine—an operation thwarted by the police
The detective told me that Mitchell remained a major figure in the European drug trade until about six years ago
we didn’t see much from Mitchell in terms of the importing of drugs,” he said
“It may be that he branched out into other areas.” (In fact
European police intelligence suggests that Mitchell continued to organize large shipments of drugs after 2014
Mitchell has denied any involvement in criminal activities.)
Tallant had her own theory about the Penguin: he was approaching retirement age
he was looking for a way to protect his dependents and his assets
a drug supplier named Derek (Maradona) Dunne
And around the time Mitchell arrived in Traben-Trarbach a dispute among Irish gangs had turned bloody
an Irishman who had previously worked with Mitchell
was killed by a rival group on the south coast of Spain
wanted to leave Spain and the gang feud behind
and to reinvest some of his money in a more legitimate-seeming enterprise
at least from the time of Mitchell’s arrest for handling stolen computer parts
(A person familiar with Xennt’s computer business told me that Xennt had bought stolen parts from Mitchell; Xennt declined to comment on this accusation.) Martijn Burger
the businessman once involved in the Public Root movement
remembers Xennt and Mitchell spending time together around the turn of the millennium
Burger did not know of Mitchell’s status in the criminal world
Burger recalled that Mitchell was often accompanied by glamorous young women
and carried a small bag containing “ten to twelve” Nokia phones
each with its phone number written on the back
Mitchell had not been photographed in more than two decades
She travelled to Traben-Trarbach twice in the fall of 2015
They watched his movements for several days
He rarely left the apartment complex where he was staying
But on some mornings Xennt picked up Mitchell and took him to breakfast
The pair once ate lunch at a popular local restaurant
the Historische Stadt-Mühle—the Historic Mill
They remained there all afternoon as Mitchell ordered gin-and-tonics and Xennt drank hot chocolate
Tallant was fascinated by Xennt’s appearance: he often wore a floor-length coat
“I’ve never seen anyone as weird in all my life.”
Tallant and the photographer eventually found their opportunity one morning
as Mitchell was leaving a restaurant after having breakfast with Xennt and Xyonn
The Penguin wore a navy suit and a black T-shirt; Xennt had on a long black puffer jacket; Xyonn had his hair in dreadlocks
“Very good,” Mitchell replied instinctively
he peered under the baseball cap that Tallant was wearing
According to two people close to CyberBunker, George Mitchell was not the only investor interested in Xennt’s encrypted-phone business. Danny Manupassa, the former boss of Ennetcom, also travelled to Traben-Trarbach to see Xennt. According to the sources, Manupassa wanted to invest a million euros in Xennt’s network. It seems unlikely that Manupassa did so: after he was arrested, in April, 2016, Ennetcom was shuttered and turned inside out by the Dutch police in a search for information.
The cybercrime unit developed a bold scheme. With the permission of high-level German authorities, it created its own dark-Web site on Tor: a scam, involving lottery numbers, that accepted payment in bitcoin. The unit’s members made sure that nobody who used the site could lose money—otherwise the officers themselves would be committing a crime—but the site was designed to look as realistic, and as shady, as possible. Designing it was “kind of fun,” an officer admitted to me.
“And isn’t it true, Mr. Robertson, that you habitually leave ridiculously small amounts of cereal in the box and then return it to the cabinet?”Cartoon by Teresa Burns ParkhurstCopy link to cartoonCopy link to cartoonLink copied
A week after Wall Street Market was broken up and its leaders arrested, several officers from the B.K.A., Germany’s federal police force, arrived at the Traben-Trarbach bunker to seize evidence relating to the case. A manager at the bunker expressed surprise and readily complied, escorting the officers to the server bank on the third floor. The officers took away the servers used by Wall Street Market, and left the rest.
After Wall Street Market was taken down, Angerer fixed CyberBunker itself in his sights.
A few minutes later, about a hundred police officers—including a contingent from Germany’s federal paramilitary police unit—raided the bunker. They seized four hundred and twelve hard drives, four hundred and three servers, sixty-five USB sticks, sixty-one laptops and computers, fifty-seven phones, piles of paper documents, and about a hundred thousand euros in cash. Some six hundred and fifty officers were involved in the arrests and the raid.
Sven Kamphuis, the Prince of CyberBunker, was not arrested in the raids of September 26th; nor is he one of the six suspects still at large. After the raid, he claimed that the German police had engaged in “an act of war”—yet he had survived with barely a scratch. The police arrested almost everybody with a connection to the bunker. Given the comprehensiveness of the investigation, the prosecutors’ lack of interest in Kamphuis seemed strange.
When I asked Patrick Fata, a senior police officer who oversaw the CyberBunker investigation, why Kamphuis was not accused in the case, he said that Kamphuis’s role in the organization had diminished since 2014, and that the police did not have enough evidence to link him to the administration of Wall Street Market or other illegal sites. I asked Fata if the police had spoken to Kamphuis during the exhaustive six-year investigation. “No,” Fata said, adding, “We don’t know where he is.”
I found Kamphuis without too much difficulty. He agreed to meet me in March, in a train-station café in Middelburg, a pretty Dutch city near the first CyberBunker site. Kamphuis, who was wearing a blue Adidas tracksuit, had piercing blue eyes and a scraggly beard. Some of his teeth were blackened, and a few were missing. Using a tissue, he frequently dabbed at pus weeping from a sore on his eyelid. He drank three strong coffees in about ninety minutes, and his hands kept shaking.
Kamphuis posts on the social-media site Gab, and his stream is a litany of conspiracy theories and anti-Semitic assertions. He told me that he was part of the “libertarian extremist right,” and suggested that a “disproportionate number of Jews” held powerful positions in Europe and America. He often laughed at his own jokes.
I asked him if he had created the dark-Web search engine that had been hosted on Xennt’s servers. He said yes. Later, by text message, he explained that he bore no responsibility for the results of the search engine, because it “finds things indiscriminately,” adding, “That is what search engines do.”
You’re in the bike lane!”Cartoon by David SipressCopy link to cartoonCopy link to cartoonLink copied
Kamphuis insisted that he had not been an informant against Xennt
of planning the dinner trap at the Historic Mill—even though I had been assured by Xennt’s family that the meal was a setup arranged by the gardener
Xennt told me that he also blamed the gardener
and maintains that there were “no informants” inside the bunker
A recently leaked legal file suggests that
the gardener was an undercover policeman.)
Although Kamphuis said that he hadn’t been involved regularly with CyberBunker since 2014
and currently the head of state,” of the organization
because both Spain and the Netherlands “respected his diplomatic immunity.” Kamphuis inveighed against the German police
but he appeared to have profited from their prosecution of Xennt: he said that he was now helping to run Xennt’s encrypted-phone business
and asked him again if he’d ever spoken to the German police
“We don’t negotiate with terrorists,” he said
Xennt became emotional and apologetic in a police interview
saying that he was “troubled” by how much illegal activity had flowed through the bunker
The Van Wolferens spoke again and again about Xennt’s childhood bedroom in Arnhem, and how he had always been fascinated by a futuristic aesthetic. René said that, in late middle age, Xennt had begun dabbling in cannabinoid treatments, because he was interested in remaining “forever young.” He described his brother-in-law as someone with arrested development. “His whole world was science fiction,” René said.
An earlier version of this article misidentified West Germany’s armed forces.
On September 26, a data center in a former NATO military bunker in the town of Traben-Trarbach, Germany, was raided by police, according to a report by the Associated Press
Set up by a man whom authorities describe as a 59-year-old Dutchman
the "CyberBunker" offered "bulletproof" hosting services—promising to keep hosted sites secure from law enforcement actions and operational regardless of legal demands
the bunker housed the servers for a multitude of "Dark Web" sites selling drugs
Among the sites hosted was "Wall Street Market," which authorities claim was one of the world's largest criminal marketplaces—selling drugs
and hacking tools—until it was taken down earlier this year
The Traben-Trarbach data center was also involved in a 2016 distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack against Deutsche Telekom
The raid was part of a coordinated law enforcement action at five locations by authorities in Germany
Located within a 13-acre former military base
the 5,000-square-meter (54,000-square-foot)
five-floor Cold War-era bunker had been converted to house both servers
There were also office spaces at the site where people operating the data center lived and worked
The Traben-Trarbach site is the apparent successor to the original CyberBunker, run by Sven Olaf Kamphuis' company CB3ROB
Domains seized by German authorities as part of the action included the domain for CB3ROB and Zytzm.com—a domain registered to the Dutch citizen Herman Johan Xennt
Xennt was the owner of the original bunker in the Netherlands used by CyberBunker
But after a 2002 fire in that facility—which revealed an MDMA lab sharing the same bunker, according to security reporter Brian Krebs—officials denied a business license to continue to operate the facility to Xennt
and CyberBunker was forced to resell servers hosted elsewhere while continuing to claim to use the bunker
It is not clear if Xennt is tied to the group that operated the Traben-Trarbach bunker
CyberBunker was used to launch the 2013 DDoS attack on SpamHaus, for which Kamphuis was convicted but served no jail time
Kamphuis was alleged to have been running CyberBunker from a mobile office in a van
German police have raided and shut down Cyberbunker 2.0
a decommissioned NATO bunker that housed dark web market servers and child porn
hidden in the Mosel River town of Traben-Trarbach
held multiple stories of servers as well as "$41 million worth of funds allegedly tied to these markets," according to security researcher Brian Krebs
for at least two of the men accused in the scheme
this was their second bunker-based hosting business that was raided by cops and shut down for courting and supporting illegal activity online," said Krebs
STORY CONTINUES BELOWDon't miss another story.Subscribe to the Crypto Daybook Americas Newsletter today. See all newslettersSign me upBy signing up, you will receive emails about CoinDesk products and you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.Police also raided locations in Netherlands
Poland and Luxembourg in connection with the bunker's activities
The bunker held multiple dark web markets including the financial scam site “Wall Street Market,” drug portal “Cannabis Road” and “Orange Chemicals," a market for synthesized drugs
Police believe the bunker belonged to Herman Johan Xennt and Sven Kamphuis
two hackers who originally ran a similar bunker in the Netherlands
After a fire caused by an explosion in an ecstasy lab
they had to shut down their original bunker and lost their ability to run their servers in the Netherlands
They moved into the new Cyberbunker in 2013
the company that sold the original bunker to the pair
“That’s something they’ve done for ages and they’re known for it.”
The whole operation was deeply secretive and connected to organized crime. Xennt himself was quite a character. The Irish Sunday World tracked him down in 2015 saying:
Cyberbunker servers image via swr.de
John Biggs is an entrepreneur, consultant, writer, and maker. He spent fifteen years as an editor for Gizmodo, CrunchGear, and TechCrunch and has a deep background in hardware startups, 3D printing, and blockchain. His work has appeared in Men’s Health, Wired, and the New York Times. He runs the Technotopia podcast about a better future.
He has written five books including the best book on blogging, Bloggers Boot Camp, and a book about the most expensive timepiece ever made, Marie Antoinette’s Watch. He lives in Brooklyn, New York.
Many paths lead to the small town of Traben-Trarbach
which is situated on Germany's Mosel River and famous for its much-visited "underworld" of wine cellars
Frankfurt-Hahn is located just 30 minutes away by car
at least until the arrival of the coronavirus
Situated on the southern bank of the river
the town is also dissected by Highway 53 to Trier and Highway 42 running between southwestern Germany and Belgium
Numerous other roads wind through the vineyards that line the river
Walkers can reach Traben-Trarbach via stage 12 of the 365-kilometer Moselsteig hiking route
which takes them up to the flat summit of Mont Royal
a mountain that is rich in history and in histrionics
the biggest traffic junction -- not only in Traben-Trabach
at least until 650 police officers swept in to raid an old bunker referred to the by the press as the "Cyberbunker" a few months ago
Traffic there wasn't measured in kilometers per hour
It gave a new meaning to the "underworld" moniker
because it tells the story of how a postcard-perfect old German town like Tranen-Trabach became a virtual metropolis of global crime
four of its five floors are below ground and it has 5,500 square meters (59,000 square feet) of floor space
and the fenced-in property aboveground includes a few structures
according to the notarized bill of sale from June 26
special police units fanned out across Traben-Trarbach
both on the mountain and below in the valley
to shut down what is thought to have been the headquarters of a crime ring up on Mont Royal and to arrest members of that suspected criminal organization in a restaurant on the Traben-Trarbach side of the river
when the police stormed the first floor of the restaurant
where nine suspects had just sat down for the evening meal
They were there at the invitation of a police mole
The restaurant owner's face still goes pale today when remembering that terrible evening
And as the group was being rounded up in the restaurant
a large team of police data forensics experts secured computers
data and other evidence up in the bunker on the mountain
They must have felt like they were in a kind of digital Tora Bora
The spectacular raid came after the kind of investigation that Germany hasn't seen too many times before
The case involves myriad criminal proceedings
but essentially focuses on the opportunities made available to criminals by the internet and
Even as many of the crimes are committed in the analog world – such as forgery
fraud and theft – much of it is organized and processed in virtual spaces
At the heart of this story are two men who took over the bunker from the state with the apparent intention of using it for their criminal machinations
And it highlights the challenges facing the state when it comes to combating the spread of cybercrime – and the challenges facing online security
The Cyberbunker investigation is a cooperation among numerous government agencies
including the Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA) and two state counterparts
numerous public prosecutors and investigative courts along with myriad experts and undercover investigators
all of whom have combined to produce thousands of pages of documentation – which has now been compressed into a 275-page indictment
The case is likely to go to trial in Trier a few months from now
The judges are not in an enviable position
While it is clear that the bunker was a kind of technical nerve center – a key darknet hosting service – for numerous criminal internet sites and dubious marketplaces
it will likely be very difficult to prove that the operators knew about and supported what was going on
it will be a significant defeat for the rule of law
Should there be no conviction at the end of the trial
it will cast a rather dubious light on the years of surveillance of the bunker owners
the eavesdropping on their telephone conversations and email – the deep incursions on their constitutional rights
The public prosecutor responsible for the case believes a guilty verdict is likely
He is convinced he will be able to prove that the criminal activities of the websites hosted in the Cyberbunker were not random
but were in fact the express purpose of the facility
A Look Inside the Cyberbunker in Traben-Trarbach
a man from Holland whose registered address is in Singapore
wrote to DER SPIEGEL and to German public broadcaster NDR from pre-trial detention in Trier that "we had a clean conscience … and were all convinced that we were acting legally and correctly."
The prosecutors plan to call 101 witnesses
Their testimony will be augmented by 54 pieces of evidence and 144 court orders
While it will ultimately be up to the court to determine guilt or innocence
months of reporting by DER SPIEGEL in cooperation with NDR
We are able to reveal the kinds of activity that was conducted via the servers in the bunker
how that activity took place and who the main protagonists are
The result is a narrative about modern-day crime and the widely available technical tools that make it possible
Criminals of all stripes have left the analog streets behind and have found a digital home in the dark corners of the internet
Tools that used to only be available to highly specialized tech freaks can now be accessed from home by anyone with a modicum of digital fluency
It's a new version of the cat and mouse game between the authorities and their quarry
The lead figure in this bunker story is Herman Johan Xennt
who is head of the companies Calibour and Zyztm and who frequently refers to himself as "Jordan Robson" in communications with clients
but his claims can't always be taken at face value
His willingness to fudge goes so far that he even described the five dogs that watched over the Mt
Royal facility – barking so wildly that complaints were made to the Traben-Trarbacher town council – as mutts
even though there is a photo of four of the dogs that clearly appear to be Rottweilers
His lawyer Ekaterina Ritter sent along a photo of Xennt dressed in a black
which contrasted peculiarly with his shoulder-length blond curls
His face bears a friendly aspect – to the point that the overall effect is that of a hippie in the wrong clothing
Royal a frequently changing cast of characters that bore a closer resemblance to a commune than to a crime ring
The core leadership included Xennt's sons Xyonn and Yennoah O.
rapidly rising from being a mere assistant to working as a manager of the bunker
a mohawked jack-of-all-trades with a weakness for alcohol
Because the residents worked vastly different hours
with some laboring through the night and sleeping during the day
Rene made sure a warm meal was available at all times
workers and residents would come and go – some would stay for two years
while others would vanish again after just a month
Some would only work in the above-ground buildings and never enter the bunkers
several of whom were consistently necessary
had the right to their own offices and rooms in the bunker and they seemed to quite enjoy their lives underground
and they were responsible for keeping Xennt's servers up and running
for programming and for communicating with clients and government agencies
There were people working at the facility who appeared to have janitorial tasks while others were just friends with no clear duties
many traveling in from the Netherlands as if to a vacation destination
or they might help out with a bit of gardening or painting
another man named René and a whole series of interns whose talent Xennt would identify in tech forums and then invite them to Traben-Trarbach for unpaid internships
One of those who sporadically worked at the Mt
Royal site from March 2018 to September 2019 – as a laborer or gardener – was an undercover investigator
and his reports paint a rather pre-pubescent image of the goings on in the bunker
He described how they would never pick up after themselves
secretly talk behind each other's backs at every opportunity and act self-important in front of outsiders
they would head down in pairs or small groups to Traben-Trarbach to drink
they would head to Xennt's favorite restaurant in Trier
When important business partners visited the bunker
Xennt would take over hosting duties himself
The Trier strip bar Booty Club was frequently part of the entertainment program
with Xennt's son driving guests around in his father's white BMW X6
Everyone in Traben-Trarbach is familiar with the car and with the man it belongs to
he had presented his project to a closed town council meeting
saying that the bunker was to be transformed into a no-nonsense data center for companies
the perfect use for the rather expensive site
The German military had operated the facility in cooperation with NATO for 37 years as a geo-information center
the facility was gradually moved to Euskirchen
to the displeasure of those in Traben-Trarbach
Around 400 people had worked in the "institute," as the bunker is called here
most of them highly trained and well-paid technicians
The kinds of neighbors that every town wants to have
he was seen as someone who could perhaps revive the institute
He did a bit of googling and found some rather unsettling details from Xennt's past life
sharing them with the state criminal police office (LKA) in Mainz
There were rumors that Xennt had fallen afoul of the authorities
that he had previously operated a data bunker in the Netherlands that had apparently burned down
The LKA passed Weisgerber's concerns on to Germany's federal real estate authority
which was responsible for the sale of the site
eight days before the deed of sale was to be notarized
But the real estate authority was not interested in such trifles
They were likely just relieved at having found somebody to pay 450,000 euros for the site
The photos and descriptions of his office in the bunker make it sound like the command center of a power plant
The undercover investigator reported seeing 14 mobile phones on his desk
lined up next to each other and all of them on
In his bunker bedroom – Xennt also had rooms in the surface buildings but liked sleeping underground – a life-sized figure of the Marvel hero War Machine stood next to his bed
he also had a facehugger figure from the "Alien" franchise
Xennt doesn't talk much to the authorities
the most important of which was his claim that the police were investigating the wrong person
He said he was only operating a data center with legal clients and had no knowledge of any legal violations
he said he was "troubled" by how much illegal activity had flowed through the bunker
He said he was sorry and hadn't ever intended such a thing
DER SPIEGEL and NDR sent him a list of 65 questions in the reporting of this article
Xennt's German is almost perfect; indeed he is quite eloquent in the language
Police believe the Dutchman Hermann Johan Xennt was the head of the bunker on Mont Royal
he rejected all accusations that he knowingly did business with criminals
He also offered up an explanation that will almost certainly be part of his defense strategy
"Our servers can be compared with safe deposit boxes in banks," he wrote
"No bank employee checks to see what is inside
it would have been quite possible to take a look inside
says that in the decryption work they have thus far completed – they are investigating hard drives containing more than two petabytes of data
which is the equivalent of 2 billion megabytes – they haven't yet found "even a single legal site." According to what they have thus far found
exclusively "criminal sites" were operated using the servers in the bunker
Can that have escaped the attention of the Cyberbunker operator for several years
The prosecutor says the whole purpose of the bunker was to host illegal websites
insists: "We expressly told our clients that we did not want to host anything illegal
in particular sites promoting terrorism or child pornography
we would have immediately shut down the server and reported them to the authorities." Given the evidence and testimony gathered so far
that statement is at the very least questionable
– the man who rose from assistant to manager – was responsible for complaints and so-called abuse reports
but there were rarely consequences for the client that was reported
complaints were simply forwarded from the bunker to the client in question
but no effort was really made to make sure the problem was cleaned up
says that he argued intensively with Xennt on the issue
because he felt Xennt didn't take it seriously enough whereas he himself had wanted things cleaned up
A short look into the history of the World Wide Web helps to better understand what drives people like Xennt
When the use of the internet became a mass phenomenon thanks to the first web browsers in the early 1990s
many pioneers saw it as a promising space of freedom
a boundless new continent full of endless possibilities
No one at the time expressed that idea as clearly as John Perry Barlow a former lyricist for the Grateful Dead
who said at the World Economic Forum at Davos in 1996: "Governments of the industrial world
anarchic logic that knows no borders and contests the right of states to regulate the net apparently inspired Xennt as well
His earlier ally Sven Olaf Kamphuis still talks about the "Cyberbunker Republic” as though it were a sovereign "nation-state,” and he continues to refer to himself on his Facebook profile as "Minister of Foreign Affairs
who is not a defendant in the current proceedings
also signed his mails as the "Prince of the Cyberbunker Republic.”
When asked if he viewed himself as the king of the dominion
Xennt answered in writing that it had only been a joke
whatever – the call was to join the new era and to no longer tolerate the old men from yesteryear
The property in Traben-Trarbach is a "real country,” Kamphuis posted shortly after the raid in September
which meant they also had the right to "defend themselves militarily.” That may sound megalomaniacal
almost as if the bunker crew had been indulging in the same drugs that had been distributing using their servers
and prosecutors believe he intentionally opted for a clever business model
In his written answers to DER SPIEGEL and NDR
he argues that the Cyberbunker is ultimately no different than Amazon in that it provides a neutral technical infrastructure and nothing more
but the customers who are responsible for all that is hosted on the servers they rent
which thus far hasn't been classified as a criminal organization
In contrast to content providers like online media organizations
who are generally liable for their own content
providers who merely provide infrastructure only have to react when they are notified about illegal content or learn about it in another way
It’s a standard that is rooted in the analog world
Landlords also aren’t responsible if their tenant starts an illegal drug trade in their apartment
Xennt and his defenders will adopt a version of that argument; he believes the same laws must be applied to Cyberbunker
which helps explain the lengthy investigation and the use of drastic surveillance measures
"This is not about what the accused did,” says one investigator
"but about what they knew.” The challenge is proving that Xennt and his associates were guilty of aiding and abetting crimes
that they were in no way neutral providers of server infrastructure
but rather the conscious and willing providers of the infrastructure for criminals of every type
The public prosecutor’s office doesn’t have a smoking gun in their possession
There’s no single email or a particularly stark statement made in a wiretapped call providing clear proof that the bunker was deliberately used to collaborate with criminals
messages that read as though the hosting service felt that it might be expected to issue a warning
Traben-Trabach Mayor Patrice-Christian-Roger Langer
There are also messages that combine an abuse report with an offer for even better protection for an additional charge
Prosecutors will try to prove that the bunker operators offered additional encryption options to conspicuous customers
a kind of digital invisibility cloak that makes the originators of criminal content invisible on the web
the case will be based primarily on circumstantial evidence which
creates an image that the people in the bunker were by no means in the dark
their marketing was aimed specifically at customers in the internet underworld
They advertised their allegedly "nuclear proof” bunker server farm and claimed that data and transactions they hosted were safe from access by investigators and legal repercussions
thus deliberately positioning themselves as service providers for all kinds of wrongdoing
it is their pricing that provides one of the strongest clues
storage space and server service from the bunker was anything but cheap
with prices three or four times higher than those on the legal market
investigators have listed details regarding who is using Xennt’s service
The criminal activities of some of those customers are being pursued in legal proceedings stemming from the investigation – cases of organized
Xennt and his helpers set up the servers for the Fraudsters platform
credit card data and fake IDs to customers with code names like "Bigsalami,” "Lunar Eclipse” or "Martin Luther” in 1,133 proven individual cases over a period of two years
the Swedish bunker customer Flugsvamp 2.0 developed into one of the major marketplaces for drugs
police had counted more than 300,000 illegal transactions
Some 10,000 customers had purchased narcotics from 600 vendors and the site had generated millions in sales
Orangechemicals.com and Lifestylepharma.com were active through Traben-Trarbach
Their specialty: the import of synthetic drugs from China
preferably via the Leipzig and Cologne/Bonn airports
The operators brokered a wide range of drugs on a grand scale
You could order with a mouse click and the goods arrived by mail
Cyber Prince Kamphuis also enlisted the bunker to host Onions.es and Cb3rob.org
he has clearly distanced himself from child pornography
but declined to respond to more recent inquiries on the issue
The Mirai scandal also ran through Xennt’s server farm in November 2016
A hacker working on behalf of a Liberian businessman began an attempt to eliminate an unwelcome competitor through digital sabotage
The plan was to use hundreds of thousands of Speedport-brand routers used by Deutsche Telekom internet uses in order to create a virtual army and drown the victim in unwanted traffic
but he did manage to temporarily disrupt 1.2 million internet connections in Germany
When customers like that need storage space and data lines
the hosting service needs to be "bulletproof," industry jargon referring to hosts that exercise considerable leniency regarding the kinds of activities their customers are engaged in and the kinds of data stored on their servers – which are essentially hundreds of computers stacked up in racks like bread trays in a factory bakery
Hosting services are paid to ensure that their computers always have power
that they don’t get too hot and that they never break down
provides for a "provider privilege," meaning hosting services have limited liability for what passes through their cables
Among the largest German hosting services are Ionos
all three companies said they would take immediate action if they learned of illegal content running through their data centers
If law enforcement agencies come to them with a court order
they disclose the identity of the customer that is operating the server in question
None of the three companies allows anonymous rentals and nor do they permit payment in digital currencies or in cash
Xennt and his team promised anyone who paid that they would in turn be provided with storage and server space
without verification of name or address and without consideration for the person
The fees were also payable in cash and could be placed in an envelope and handed in at the gate to the bunker facility
Other means of payment included the cryptocurrency Bitcoin and money transfers through Western Union
Contracts with general terms and conditions that customers had to sign didn’t exist
There may be legitimate and even noble reasons for bulletproof hosting – to get around censorship or otherwise avoid persecution in dictatorial systems
Xennt and his people also bragged about hosting the WikiLeaks whistleblower platform
they advertised at times with a portrait of the young WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange
tends to raise doubts about the veracity of the claims being made
Providers who are concerned about the protection of human rights don’t seek out the limelight – they move as inconspicuously as possible to avoid unwanted attention
were eager self-promoters and Xennt himself was a master at it – and had been for a long time
He had had several years of experience working in windowless rooms far below ground before setting up camp on Mont Royal
That experience was amassed in another NATO bunker
the actual birthplace of the virtual "Cyberbunker Republic.” Xennt and his partner Kamphuis made international headlines when they hosted the Pirate Bay
firefighters discovered a synthetic drugs laboratory during a fire in the first Cyberbunker
These Rottweilers guarded the premises and barked like crazy if anyone got too close
Frightened locals even complained to the town authorities about them
Kamphuis claimed at the time that the room had been rented out and that a Chinese triad had made pills there without their knowledge
It's essentially the same excuse he is now using: We’re just the landlords and we don’t know anything
the first bunker was sold to a different company
leading Xennt to move its operations to the Mosel River region
While still operating the first Cyberbunker
Xennt promised his customers he would protect the data entrusted to him against any attack
The bunker’s website included a claim that there were 10,000 liters of drinking water in the bunker along with sufficient food and two diesel generators for a continuous emergency power supply
The team claimed it would keep all servers online
all the time and "no matter what.” It created the impression that workers were prepared to defend their customers’ computers with life and limb if worse came to worst
regardless of the kind of data that was running on those servers
and it wasn’t just criminals who entrusted their data to the bunker: The operators also targeted extremist political groups
investigators found a server rental contract for the right-wing extremist
because of its overt racism and xenophobia
is considered a suspect case by Germany’s Office for the Protection of the Constitution
the federal agency responsible for monitoring extremism in the country
One of Xennt’s employees confirmed during interrogation that they had identified a "niche market” in supplying hosting services to extremist groups
He said he approached such a group himself using an encrypted messaging service and closed a one-year contract with them for a cloud-based server
But the promise of total protection was broken without hesitation in several instances
especially when there were requests from the authorities – in May 2019
when investigators paid a visit to the bunker
six officers from the Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA) and the Frankfurt Public Prosecutor’s Office showed up at the front gate
The investigators weren’t after Xennt and his colleagues
they had just uncovered Wall Street Market (WSM)
which had for years been one of the biggest darknet ventures the world had seen to that point
the BKA and several state-level offices of criminal investigation
the officers were pursuing further leads in the WSM case
and one of them led to the servers in Traben-Trarbach
The international investigators had already successfully traced the money flows of the WSM businesses
following Bitcoins through wallets and blockchains
They were dealing with cunning criminals -- three Germans who presented themselves on the net as "Kronos,” "TheOne” and "Coder420” – and they had built up an incredible business
Wall Street Market had more than 1.1 million registered customers
with more than 6,200 sellers peddling their illegal wares
cocaine and speed by the hundreds of kilos
crystal meth and heroin by the kilo and hundreds of thousands of ecstasy pills and many other kinds of narcotics
WSM generated revenues amounting to 50 million euros
with 15 million euros of that ending up on the pockets of the administrators
Shortly after they were forced to shut down
police officers showed up unannounced at the gate to the bunker
"There was no reaction when the bell at the gate was rung," the report reads
the system was set up so that the buzzer rang on all five levels of the bunker
And there were also monitors in Xennt’s command center with images from the surveillance cameras
The investigators then dialed the number listed on the Cyberbunker homepage
a gifted conversationalist who enjoyed hearing himself speak in every situation
so much so that the minutes of his interrogations are among the longest documents in the entire file
He declared that he was prepared to turn the suspicious servers over to the investigators "without hesitation.”
They obtained the judicial permission required to confiscate everything by phone
the IT forensics team descended to the third level of the bunker – the second subterranean level – at around 11:15 a.m
The first subterranean level is where Xennt
Xennt’s office could only be opened with a numerical code
which had to be typed into a pad next to the door
But the door was often left open and anyone
officials with the BKA and the public prosecutor’s office found themselves in the bunker's second underground level
they located the server racks in a central location
which they seized and took back to their offices
who acted as the owner – Xennt remained out of sight – told the officials that the bunker company had also "cooperated with the police on several occasions in the past when it came to securing data.” Yes
they had provided bulletproof hosting in the past
but this had "no longer been the case for quite a while.”
The hard drives investigators confiscated at Traben-Trarbach are a veritable gold mine
They are still reviewing the data today and don’t yet know how many connections they will find or how many customers or sellers will become the subjects of legal proceedings
"We now have a lot of customer data,” one official says
"We will prosecute anyone who has bought or sold drugs on this platform and whose identity we can determine
The darknet is literally a parallel world on the World Wide Web
one that is accessed through programs like the Tor browser
The browser works by concealing the connections between and computer and the sites it is visiting to the point of just about full anonymity
you go directly from point A to point B when you plug a URL into your web browser
you take a circuitous route to a website through a number of relays to such an extent that it is no longer possible to trace where the journey began and where it ended
but the principle itself is simple: It allows people to surf without leaving a trace
even though it’s not always a question of visiting underworld websites
the technology is used to protect people from surveillance and persecution
and it is also used by informants and whistleblowers
Media organizations like the New York Times
the Guardian and also DER SPIEGEL have set up virtual mailboxes for informants in the darknet
Even Facebook offers secure access to its platform using the Tor network
The darknet is a place of age-old vices and human weaknesses like theft and fraud
Law enforcement agencies are extremely concerned about the darknet
it is often extremely difficult to find what they are looking for
the ability to commit a crime with the click of a mouse lowers inhibitions
to the point that some of those who participate in criminal activity in the darknet would likely have never done so in the analog world
Police arrested nine Cyberbunker workers at the Stadt-Mühle
the Frankfurt public prosecutor’s central office for combating internet and computer crime
officials attach great importance to the fact that the darknet criminals are "among us,” that they can be found just as easily in small German towns and villages as they can in Russia or Eastern Europe
"Many people who we arrest have no previous criminal record,” a Frankfurt public prosecutor told DER SPIEGEL
"That’s a major difference to organized crime in the analog world
where in some cases we have had a paper trail of the criminals for some time.” With the darknet
it only takes a few clicks to arrive in the underworld
This is one of the reasons why the case of the Traben-Trarbach bunker is so important
Regardless of the outcome of the criminal proceedings
the case sends an important signal about the power of the law
to criminals and upstanding citizens alike
is that the government is by no means powerless in the digital era
it is present even in the supposedly lawless space of the darknet and has the power to enforce the law there as well
the case has also been a crash course for the authorities
In cooperating with their international counterparts
German officials have found ways to work around legal restrictions at home they consider too restrictive
One experienced investigator who wished to remain anonymous told DER SPIEGEL
"When we request mutual legal assistance from foreign agencies
they can investigate according to the laws of their own country
We can then use the results of those investigations in our own cases." In other words
criminal prosecutors in Germany can use foreign proxies to obtain information that would have otherwise been inaccessible to them under German law
The files don't indicate how much money is earned on Mont Royal
tells an undercover investigator that their profits were 200,000 euros a year
ate up so much energy that the electricity bill alone came out to 15,000 euros a month
Nobody in Traben-Trarbach got rich off the hosting business
That's why Xennt had to expand his companies' range of products
He began presenting himself as an international technology service provider
looking for new business partners and consulting for clients with special requests
He came up with the idea for a "high-security app" that would ultimately be programmed in Poland and was billed to customers as being impossible to surveil
It was also said to have had a panic button that allowed users to quickly delete all their data in the event of an emergency
Such a function would be ideal for criminals
who else would be willing to pay 3,000 euros a year for an app like that
Xennt needed partners for some of his businesses
especially for the app with the panic button
though that's how everybody referred to him at Mont Royal
Green or the "Penguin," is believed to have been the real boss of the criminal organization
Green visited him maybe three times in total
said he saw him at the complex three or four times a month at the beginning
The massive case file on the Cyberbunker dedicated hundreds of pages to George M.
and appeared to go to great lengths to portray him as the real boss of the criminal organization
investigators were unable to prove that the Irishman belonged to the organization
There was "no probable cause," according to the chief public prosecutor
The Irishman's lawyer says his client is an upstanding citizen who is not involved in any criminal activities
But he was feared by the team at Mont Royal
When the newspapers in Ireland write about him
they refer to him as the "Godfather" and a drug lord
They call him a mafia boss and use his nickname
the "Penguin," which he picked up while working in a Dublin chocolate factory making "Penguin" candy bars and because
has dominated the drug trade in Ireland and large parts of Europe for decades
Police in Ireland also suspect him of dealing in weapons
He spent several years in prison in the late 1980s
police in Ireland considered him one of the top five criminals in the country
has always denied all accusations against him
He says he is an honest entrepreneur in the import-export business
After Ireland set up a special unit to confiscate property that had been acquired criminally
Green was considered to be the mastermind behind a multimillion-dollar theft of computer parts
He was sentenced to two and a half years in prison by a Dutch court
His son-in-law also died of unnatural causes in the Netherlands: He was shot in front of his home
The man had been a successful football player back in Ireland
he had apparently been involved in the family business for quite a while and was considered one of the island’s biggest heroin importers
They depicted a man with dark hair and a beard
cheap old-fashioned prescription glasses on the brim of his nose
It is likely that he commuted between the Netherlands
a property in Morocco and a beachside apartment in Malaga
a Moroccan-born woman who was his former secretary
The "Penguin" evidently also traveled between Wittlich in western Germany and Traben-Trarbach on the Mosel River
Some people at the bunker had apparently found him an apartment in Wittlich
His presence -- he usually flew into Frankfurt-Hahn airport on Ryanair -- took the activities on Mont Royal to a whole new level
Connections were established to the world of global organized crime
Green is suspected of having conducted huge drug deals
and of being in touch with cartels in Colombia
According to memos from the state office of criminal investigation in Rhineland-Palatinate
he is also believed to have been involved in a bloody clan war over supremacy in the European drug trade that left 17 people dead over the course of two years
At the same time the Irish police were busy seizing 440 kilos of cocaine in a container in an operation connected to Mr
he is also believed to have been involved in an equally massive shipment of cannabis with a street value of 190 million euros
According to the Irish tabloid Sunday World
Europol had listed him as one of the top 20 European drug traffickers in 2014
he apparently didn't have any trouble traveling around Europe and Rhineland-Palatinate
It's possible that Xennt and the bunker never would have been discovered had the Irish "godfather" never gotten involved
one of the bunker's many young interns had offered an Irish tabloid photos of a "member of the Irish mafia" in October 2015
the Sunday World published a front-page "exclusive" and dedicated no fewer than four additional pages to its major scoop: The paper had gotten its hands on the first pictures in 20 years of the "missing godfather."
A female reporter had confronted the "Penguin" on a street in Traben-Trarbach
Splashed across the paper were photos of a corpulent
grumpy-looking man wearing a dark jacket and holding a shopping bag
His lawyer rejects all accusations against his client out of hand
otherwise prosecutors would have charged his client
especially since many of those charged today can be seen in the photos from 2015
Next to the Irishman are Xennt and his son
who was always available as a chauffeur as long as their guest was staying in the Mosel area
The "drug lord in exile" was doing business with Xennt
The paper also laid out the duo's dubious history
But apparently nothing came of the article
The bunker's inhabitants were unmoved by the story and kept working as if nothing had happened
They were already under intense observation
Caught off guard by the Irishman's presence
investigators were now using every tool at their disposal against the gang on Mont Royal
their phones were tapped and GPS tracking devices were placed on their cars
Entire network nodes were even infiltrated in order to sift through as much data flowing in and out of the bunker as possible
German investigators got a judge's permission to monitor 16 mobile phone numbers
They requested the contents of a Gmail mailbox from Google
The puzzle that investigators may soon be able to solve shows a clear picture
the Irish godfather is the real boss in Traben-Trarbach
He's the one who makes the appointments and gives orders
In the eyes of the public prosecutor's office
he is the alleged head of the criminal organization operating in Traben-Trarbach
It's also possible that Xennt got the money for the bunker from Mr
The "Penguin" invested 700,000 euros in an "IT project" in Germany through his "finance minister," Kevin G.
This could be referring to the acquisition of the bunker
Investigators also believe the Irishman remained active in his core business
a phone call and a text message from October 2016 concerning hundreds of "boxes of oranges," a "Chinese" man and the appropriate bank for this deal
The 350 orange crates from Malaga could be sold for twice as much elsewhere
Green was clearly uncomfortable talking over unsecure phone lines
He told the person on the other end that he would send him a secure phone with an encrypted app
In their requests for new methods of surveillance
His presence seemed to corroborate their suspicion that Traben-Trarbach is home to an active cybercrime business
allowed investigators to make the case for more invasive surveillance measures
Green's primary interest in the bunker appeared to have been a technical one
Green's associates are also keeping up with the times
As indicated in the conversation about the boxes of oranges
they were eager to keep the authorities in the dark
maintaining one's own bulletproof hosting service would seem just as logical as developing an in-house encryption app for mobile phones
Xennt is like a younger brother who knows about technology and he can turn to with every single technical question," says one former bunker employee
and Xennt were about "apps" financed by the "Penguin." They bore names like "Exclu" and "Enigma." They sold them pre-loaded onto BlackBerry phones to shady contacts around the world
"On the basis of investigations carried out thus far
but also services related to drug trafficking
are carried out through these communication channels," reads one investigation report
this could also mean that they have only chipped away at the tip of the iceberg
Discussions about the most serious crimes are likely only ever conducted over encrypted channels
The equipment that was modified in Warsaw and Traben-Trarbach went to an illustrious group of buyers
Police assume that encryptable BlackBerrys were delivered to Bogotá and Medellín
like the Bandidos biker gang's chapter in Arnheim
But not everything went smoothly between Mr
Business in the bunker evidently didn't go as the Irishman had imagined
he complained that the bunker's operating costs were too high and that it wasn't earning enough
not a businessman" and doesn't have a business plan
As one of the few people who stands accused
investigators used the presence of this prominent criminal to justify virtually every one of their requests for surveillance
Investigators kept close tabs on him wherever possible
bugging his phones and tracking his every move
arrived in Traben-Trarbach and scooped up all the fish
There are both simple and complex answers to this question
Green's departure is that the investigations against him eventually ground to a halt sometime in 2017
and even the most dedicated investigators have to operate within the unwieldy German legal system
which is only partially suitable for pursuing international mafia-like organizations
Investigators were probably under pressure to bring the case to some presentable end and not to overdo it
Whether he passed by the bunker again is unknown
overlooking the village of Traben-Trarbach
there is a bunker once used by the German army
It has since become a major hub for illicit activities on the darkweb
while the bunker is located beneath the green structures in the rear left of the photo
Heavily secured: The German government sold the former military bunker on Mont Royal for 450,000 euros
The Office of Military Geophysics had previously been housed there for years
A desk in the bunker: Employees lived above ground
but the offices were located in the bunker
which extended several floors below the surface
A windowless office: In addition to infrastructure that facilitated trade in illegal goods like drugs and counterfeit money
the servers also hosted data for the far-right Identitiarian Movement
the operators of the bunker rented servers to their customers and promised to keep them running under all circumstances
This lifesize action figure belongs to the presumed bunker boss Herman Johan Xennt
consumed so much energy that the electricity bill alone amounted to 15,000 euros a month
The control center: The company's range of services included not only hosting
but also several special encryption apps for mobile phones
Old hardware and plentiful space around it: The bunker has five floors with a total area of 5,500 square meters (around 59,000 square feet)
The workshop in the bunker: The photos show images of the rooms as they were found after being raided by the police
Emergency preparedness: Battery blocks were on standby at the bunker to provide emergency power
The kitchen: Since the individual members of the bunker crew worked very different schedules during the day and at night
they generally had a warm meal waiting for them
'Bulletproof hoster' gets shot down
German investigators shut down a "criminally operated data center" in a former NATO bunker that they claim was used to host sites selling drugs
More than 600 police officers stormed the 'CyberBunker' data center in Traben-Trarbach
Prosecutor Juergen Bauer told reporters that alongside the seven arrests
the long-running investigation has thirteen people aged 20 to 59 under investigation
None of the suspects were at the data center at the time
with the arrests taking place at a local restaurant and in Schwalbach
There were separate raids in the Netherlands
Among the illegal services allegedly hosted at the German data center were Cannabis Road
and the world's second-largest narcotics marketplace
Police also claim that a large-scale attack on approximately one million Telekom routers at the end of November 2016 was operated via a server in the bunker
The former NATO facility was acquired in 2013 from the Office for Geoinformation of the Bundeswehr, by an unidentified Dutchman, who is the chief suspect. Press reports at the time describe the site as a multi-story protective structure with a floor space of 5,500 square meters
It has two adjacent office buildings with a total floor space of 4,300 square meters and is set on 13-hectares of land
A 2012 article in Immobilien Zeitung reveals that the site was already being used as a data center by the military
and has four underground stories reaching a depth of 25 meters
upgraded the bunker "in order to make it available to clients
exclusively for illegal purposes," regional criminal police chief Johannes Kunz said
that we were able at all to get police forces into the bunker complex
which is still secured at the highest military level," Kunz added
protections; we also cracked the digital protections of the data center."
but said that he was also involved with CyberBunker
the alleged operator of a Dutch data center in its own Cold War bunker
now-defunct data center company 'Bunker Infra' claimed CyberBunker was using images of its bunker
CyberBunker previously said it would host "services to any Web site 'except child pornography and anything related to terrorism.'" The company's website is now unavailable
The location of the Traben-Trarbach facility matches that of Calibour
a company that said it operated a NATO-bunker based secure data center
The case against those charged is still developing, and there are as yet no formal identifications or charges. While 200 servers were seized, some reports suggest that there could be as many as 2,000 at the facility
Kunz told reporters the analysis of the data could take years to complete
Data Centre Dynamics Ltd (DCD), 32-38 Saffron Hill, London, EC1N 8FH Email. [email protected]DCD is a subsidiary of InfraXmedia
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Darknet commander Hermann Xennt ran online market selling drugs and child pornography from an underground bunker
The Sunday World found George ‘The Penguin’ Mitchell with Xennt
George 'The Penguin' Mitchell's business partner has been sentenced to five-and-a-half years in jail after a German court found that he was running a dark web supermarket selling drugs and child pornography from an underground bunker
Dutch oddball Hermann Xennt spent a year on trial before he was convicted this week along with seven others for operating a data centre at a former NATO bunker in Traben Trarbach in the Mosel Valley
The bunker and the relationship between Xennt and Mitchell was first uncovered by the Sunday World in 2015 and led to a massive investigation by German police
who kept it and the pair under surveillance over a number of years
Through wiretaps and placing undercover operatives in the bunker they discovered that among the illegal services hosted there were Cannabis Road
orangechemicals and the world's second largest drugs marketplace
German cops found more than 800 servers inside the facility
It was raided in September 2019 by 600 police officers and Xennt and a number of accomplices were arrested
But when the case came to court it emerged that Mitchell had slipped the net when he became suspicious that police may have been watching him
In a huge probe the German police cybercrime unit bought up thousands of dollars of Bitcoin and created an illegal website which they then sought to host at Xennt's facility
During the raid there were more than 800 servers and hard drives along with USBs
phones and more than one hundred thousand euro in cash
Seven other defendants were given sentences ranging from four years and three months in prison to one year
All were convicted of forming and membership of a criminal organisation but were acquitted of being accessories to the 250,000 crimes identified in court documents
At one point during the trial a lawyer asked if criminal godfather Mitchell could give evidence on behalf of Xennt on a virtual link from Spain as he believed he was under investigation in Germany and was afraid to attend the court in Trier
said Mitchell was ready to testify and to give a statement that would shake the credibility of another defendant who confessed to his role in the bunker
Cops kept the bunker under surveillance before pouncing
Xennt had bought the bunker in the preceding years and registered it as a data centre
but after our story appeared police decided to take a closer look at what was really going on there
Mitchell went by the name Mr Green when he was in Germany but had returned to Spain before investigators moved in
The trial heard that Mitchell was the financier behind an earlier bunker associated with Xennt in the Netherlands where an ecstasy factory was discovered after a fire broke out
The court heard that The Penguin put up the €700,000 to buy it back in 1995
meaning his relationship with Xennt spans almost three decades
Mitchell was trying to develop his own encrypted phone service at the bunker in Traben Trarbach and had his own riverside apartment in the village
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Penguin George Mitchell bunker and communications centre in Germany
A mammoth trial centring on activities in an underground bunker in a German town where criminal godfather George ‘The Penguin’ Mitchell was developing an encrypted phone system has got underway
More than 14 months have been set aside at the district court in Trier where evidence this week heard that Mitchell was a regular visitor to the bunker and that he was working with dark net expert Herman Xennt to create the phone system
charged with nearly 250,000 different offences relating to facilitating criminals transaction online in drugs
is Johann Hermann Xennt who the Sunday World identified as an associate of Mitchell when we tracked down The Penguin to the cyberbunker facility in 2015
The NATO cold war bunker was raided by more than 600 police in September 2019 after a lengthy probe into dark net activities there
Penguin George Mitchell bunker and communications centre in Germany Traben-Trarbach
Servers and computers were confiscated during the raid in preparation for the trial which is expected to continue until at least December 2021
Court hearings will be held twice a week until all the evidence is heard
While Mitchell was under investigation by police and was at one point suspected of being in charge of the bunker
he slipped the net after a fallout with Xennt over money
The Sunday World previously revealed details of the secret police files which contained transcripts of bugged phone-calls and details of warrants presented to the court describing Mitchell as a major international drug lord with investments all over the world
More than 100 witnesses are expected to be heard over the course of the trial and already two have referred to Mitchell as being a regular at the bunker
was turned into a hub to facilitate organised crime
offered so ‘bullet proof’ networks to clients
who went by the name of the mysterious 'Mr Green'
escaped prosecution despite being the focus of undercover cops for years and being suspected of being Xennt’s boss and the true financier of the operation
Sunday World first revealed his ties to Traben Trarbach and the bizarre looking Dutchman Xennt in 2015 but it took officers another four years to complete their investigation into his links to the Bunker – giving Mitchell plenty of time to move away
According to German media the trial will break new legal ground as it is the first time that charges have not been brought against the Darknet operators but those accused of making the technology available to them
Xennt has claimed that he knew nothing about the content on the 403 servers which were seized during the massive raids
German police files seen by the Sunday World indicate that at one point officers investigating the goings on in the bunker believed that Mitchell was the boss
They repeatedly sought warrants to tap his phones as he met with senior criminals
spoke in code about suspected drug deals and even chatted with his lover Khadiba Bouchiba
A lengthy article in the New Yorker by journalist Ed Caesar detailed the Sunday World’s investigations and revealed how Mitchell met Xennt when he was dealing in stolen computer parts in Holland more than two decades ago
Mitchell had been arrested in the Netherlands in 1998 after he was caught unloading a shipment of computer parts and spent a year in jail
While police across Europe would go on to describe him as a major international narcotics tracker in the decades that followed the significance of the computer part bust is only beginning to become apparent
In his lengthy investigation Caesar describes how businessman Martijn Burger remembered Xennt and Mitchell spending time together around the turn of the millennium
Burger did not know of Mitchell’s status in the criminal world and teasingly called him Charlie Chaplin
and carried a small bag containing ‘ten to twelve’ Nokia phones
each with its phone number written on the back,” wrote Caesar
Mitchell’s early obsession with using a network of phones would explain discoveries made by German police about him during their wire tap investigations
As revealed in the Sunday World Mitchell was named as the number one target in the huge investigation as he was watched and bugged while visiting associates at the underground bunker
Secret police files revealed how officers in Europe believe that Mitchell deals directly with Columbian Cartels
supplies drugs and weapons to Northern Ireland
floods Holland with heroin and is under investigation for money laundering in Spain
Officers believe that Mitchell travelled Europe as he made plans to set up his own encrypted phone network out of the German bunker and that he hoped to make a killing and sell €1,200 a unit blackberries coupled with a €3,000 secure app with an annual service fee of up to €50,000 to a network of criminals
The files show that phones were shipped to customers in Bogota and Medellin
However when German police eventually swooped on the bunker the Penguin was long gone having fallen out with Xennt over money and the way he was planning to run the business
At one point during the probe prosecutors applied to have 16 of Mitchell’s phones tapped but despite the huge volume of time and resources put into the operation they were hampered by the secret language and codewords used by the pensioner criminals
An undercover investigator who worked at the bunker as a gardener will also give evidence of what he saw inside
It is expected that Mitchell’s visit and his move to Traben Trarbach in 2015 will be heard along with his penchant for strip clubs
gin and tonics and breakfasts by the river
“No one can stop me,” he said in Netflix’s Cyberbunker
Netflix’s Cyberbunker: The Criminal Underworld begins by describing Herman Xennt as a “007 James Bond typical villain.” Moments later
ready to answer the true-crime documentary crew’s questions from inside a prison in Trier
where he is now serving a six-year sentence
In Cyberbunker, directors Max Rainer and Kilian Lieb explore how Xennt — a charismatic man with long blond hair and a black leather coat — and his gang of “mysterious Dutchmen” purchased a NATO bunker under the German tourist town of Traben-Trarbach in 2013
soon became home to international criminal businesses
Beginning at another former NATO bunker in Goes
CyberBunker offered “bulletproof hosting” to websites
they provided highly secure hosting for websites that contained sensitive or illicit material
Within years, however, the operation shifted to Germany’s Traben-Trarbach, and the Julian Assange-founded WikiLeaks and The Pirate Bay were among the websites CyberBunker hosted
Police also claimed it was the source of a botnet attack on German telecommunications company Deutsche Telekom in late 2016 that knocked out about 1 million customers’ routers
More than 600 German police raided the bunker in September 2019
seizing servers and resulting in seven arrests
(Xennt’s third son was born in 2019.) He was acquitted of aiding and abetting the crimes on the CyberBunker-hosted sites
Xennt was found guilty of forming a criminal organization
Xennt was sentenced to serve just under six years in prison
A German court rejected his appeal in September 2023
Xennt spoke out about the verdict with the Cyberbunker filmmakers
and so neither was the judgment,” he said from a prison in Trier
adding that he doesn’t consider himself a criminal
“Nothing I could have said would have mattered
I was already convicted before I was arrested.”
Xennt’s defends that he “[didn’t] even notice” customers were using his servers for criminal purposes
He also reiterated his belief that “privacy is a fundamental right,” warning that “the more communication evolves
the easier it becomes for third parties to eavesdrop and spy on” citizens
also cryptically said he has “many plans for the future,” following his prison release
“I know that there is no one else who wants to or can do what I want to do,” he concluded
and I will eventually be able to realize my vision for a better world
This article was originally published on November 8