Metrics details He was Professor for Pediatrics and Director of the Children’s Clinic of the Benjamin Franklin Hospital Free University of Berlin from 1990 to 2003 and most importantly for us (MMO and GL) our dear friend and colleague also an extraordinary teacher and role model Hans Versmold was the son of a doctor and a midwife he began his research career in Biochemistry as a scholar of the German Research Council from 1965 to 1967 before starting his fellowship as a pediatrician at von Hauner’s children’s hospital This was the identifiable budding of his professional life that would prosper in three realms—in Munich and the global domain where his locally bred talents served the rapidly expanding world of neonatology one of the founding fathers of neonatology in Germany with whom he collaborated on studies of neonatal blood oxygen transport After Versmold’s habilitation in Munich in 1975 he was a visiting professor at the Cardiovascular Research Institute in San Francisco from 1977 to 1978 where he fostered new research collaborations and longstanding friendships He then was appointed head of the Neonatal Department at the Großhadern Clinic of the Ludwig Maximilian University in 1980 It was in San Francisco and in Munich that his engaging style and affinity for colleagues combined with his critical thought became the hallmarks of his leadership and expression of his remarkable skills as a clinician and teacher Following Versmold’s leadership at Großhadern to the newly created professorship for Pediatrics at the Benjamin Franklin Hospital of the Free University of Berlin By using his unique sense of collaboration and patient-centered quality management he rapidly developed the Pediatric Department into a leading Perinatal center together with Professor Hans Weitzel (Obstetrics) and Professor Jürgen Waldschmidt (Pediatric Surgery) Versmold understood in an incomparable way how to transfer research results into daily medical work And that started first and foremost with an attitude Diagnosis and therapy concepts should not be based on plausibility or opinions fellows and nurses learned evidence-based neonatology in every visit Young colleagues were encouraged and instructed to improve neonatology themselves with research results Due to his longstanding scientific experience his razor-sharp mind and critical oversight many relevant unresolved scientific issues in neonatology such as oxygen consumption during kangaroo care potassium metabolism of the premature infant as well as during the writing of the results Versmold was extremely stringent and strict Manuscripts that were to bear his author’s name would have been edited many times and repeatedly subjected to critical scrutiny What characterized his personal style was Hans Versmold’s capacity to approach his teaching with wit He sustained the attention of those engaged in patient care as well as the parents of his patients and he recognized and acknowledged the important value of questions and contributions from each member of the clinical team He had the intuitive skill and scientific acuity to recognize the importance of subtle findings that might be easy to overlook but needed to be reconciled his team always enjoyed the lively discussions during his morning rounds When not directly engaged in clinical or administrative responsibilities The Charité Faculty and Pediatrics will honor Hans Versmold as a distinguished university professor who will always be remembered by everyone who knew him He was an extraordinary man of the world of neonatology and a symbol of commitment and excellence for us all Mildenberger, E. Z. Geburtshilfe Neonatol. 216, 233–234, https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1323728 (2012) Download references University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Department for General Pediatrics and Neonatology National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit Clinical Trials Unit Maruzza Lefebvre D’Ovidio Foundation Onlus The authors declare no competing interests Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-022-01998-w Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker Friedrich Wenner Versmolder Vollpappen-Verarbeitungswerk GmbH, a company with a long tradition, takes one of the first all-electric MAN eTGMs into regular transport operation. In future, the 264 kW (360 hp) 26-tonne truck with box body will transport preliminary and finished products of cardboard production quietly and emission-free. Friedrich Wenner GmbH is producing its own electricity for the electric truck with its own photovoltaic system. This includes sustainable waste management and recycling or energy efficiency optimisation in production as well as energy generation through a photovoltaic system on the roofs of the production and storage halls. The new electric truck represents the ideal continuation of this approach for the connected transport chain. The operation with solar power produced by the company itself makes it particularly environmentally friendly. 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Hans Kluck unveiling the memorial stone in 1970 An English translation of the inscription (which comes from Lamentations 1:16) in part: Over these things I weep/ My eyes run with water/ Because Menachem is far from me In the early postwar years in the German town of Warendorf no one contributed as much to facing the difficult past as Hugo Spiegel And his story tells us something important about how German communities confronted their history The central insight is that a country can’t face up to its past alone Germans needed help from Jews who came back to their hometowns after the war who was born in the nearby town of Versmold in 1905 a typical profession of rural German Jews into the 20th century Well-liked and respected by both Jews and Christians in Warendorf and the countryside around it even with the intensification of antisemitism after the Nazis seized power in 1933 But the violence and destruction of Kristallnacht convinced Spiegel that Jews had no home in Germany His wife Ruth and son Paul escaped and survived by hiding in a village in Belgium.) Miraculously and Auschwitz—the infamous camp where the Nazis ultimately took the life of his daughter when she was just 11 years old There are many remarkable stories of survival We read fewer accounts of those who survived the Holocaust and then came back to their local communities in Germany with Hugo Spiegel starting his cattle trading business once again Hugo Spiegel as “Champion Shot” by Leonard Freed Warendorf 1961 – 1962; Jewish Museum Berlin 2006/198/3 Courtesy of Jewish Museum Berlin It would be easy to tell the story of how Spiegel’s postwar Warendorf chose to shut its eyes to the events of the Nazi period especially in the first decades after the war Yet in my research about how small towns in Germany eventually confronted the recent past I have found that there is another story too and of Jews and Germans eventually working together to commemorate the past The road to cooperation was a difficult one not everyone was happy about the Spiegels’ return Hugo Spiegel did not shy from noting who had been a malicious Nazi and who not—and he had to fight tenaciously for years for the simplest commemorative gestures Spiegel proposed to erect a stone that listed the names of the Jews who had been buried in the local cemetery which local Nazis had destroyed in November 1938 he suggested establishing a memorial stone to recall “the Warendorf members of the Jewish community who died in the concentration camps.” For reasons difficult to discern and began working towards a memorial to both the Jews who lay in the Warendorf cemetery and those “who died in the years 1933 to 1945.” Warendorf finally accepted the proposal in 1968 a quarter century after the end of the war but early for such commemorations generally with the mayor and Hugo Spiegel assuming center stage at the ceremony There were not many Jews like the Spiegels who came back to make their homes in the very towns where locals had jeered and howled with approval when the Nazis destroyed and desecrated synagogues The Spiegels certainly remembered how Hitler’s stormtroopers wrecked the small synagogue on Freckenhorster Street Most of the more than 200,000 Jews still alive in Germany when the Nazi government capitulated in April 1945 were from Eastern Europe and by 1950 the vast majority of them had left the displaced person camps for the United States Only around 25,000 Jews remained in West Germany Most were German-speaking and chose to live in big cities Fewer returned to their erstwhile small towns and in the general vicinity of Warendorf they probably numbered not more than a few hundred where he ensured that the synagogue was commemorated early on; and Hans Frankenthal only to encounter a much more recalcitrant community in which old Nazis quickly occupied key positions and confidently told returning Jews But if we go beyond these noteworthy if infrequent cases of genuine returnees we see that many Jews came back to visit hometowns in order to honor deceased parents and grandparents who died (one wants to say fortunately) before the horrors of the Holocaust began As air travel became affordable in the 1970s And their first stop was typically the local cemetery there were still some 1,700 Jewish cemeteries in Germany In the 12 years after their seizure of power Nazis desecrated or destroyed at least 80 percent of them Germany remained the home of over a thousand Jewish cemeteries their cracked and broken stones overgrown with weeds and brush and ill-tempered and inebriated teenagers knew of them and perpetrated hundreds of desecrations between 1945 and 1999 They desecrated some Jewish cemeteries numerous times—the cemetery in the small village of Randegg near Lake Constance in 1945 Yet it was precisely when returning Jews gathered the courage to complain about the state of the cemetery in their home town or to ask why there was no plaque or sign stating what had occurred during Kristallnacht that something began to move among local people This was often the moment that the work of commemoration began The local movers and shakers who sought to recognize the past were of different ages and occupations archivists working in a tiny office in the town hall retired mayors and their wives who had time on their hands and people who knew the Jews or family members who had come back Not a few Bavarians who reached out to returning Jews supported the Christian Socialist Union one of Germany’s most conservative parties I have used this map to track when these communities put up a sign near the cemetery that told of the fate of the local Jews during the Holocaust or a plaque noting where a synagogue once stood The timelines show activity in the late ’40s (right after the Holocaust) an uptick in the second half of that decade In the midst of this commemorative explosion and was buried in the very Jewish cemetery he had spent so many years trying to reconstitute largely on the initiative of its private citizens the town erected a memorial stone for the synagogue and for the “Jewish citizens expelled and murdered.” Caught up in what was now Germany’s pervasive culture of remembrance Warendorf also renamed the small side-street leading to the synagogue “Hugo-Spiegel-Strasse.” Historians sometimes attribute the impetus for these acts of remembrance to the famous trials (especially the Eichmann and the Auschwitz trials of the early ’60s) and I rarely read of local activists—those school teachers and retirees—who mention being inspired by the miniseries (though some invoke the trials) the fortuitous occurrence of German-Jewish cooperation Sometimes an organization was behind it—the Society for Christian-Jewish Cooperation it was a Jewish émigré or survivor coming back colloquially known as the Spielberg Archive has many such stories of return (indexed as “post-conflict visits”) including testimonies of some German Jews who rejected such visits and who simply could not fathom why others would want to go back and visit German-Jewish contacts increased in the ’80s and ’90s as scores of towns and small cities began to stage so-called “visitor weeks.” Large cities and Hanover had been staging them since the ’60s asking hundreds and hundreds of Jews to return In the last two decades of the 20th century now living across the globe—from Buenos Aries to Pasadena from Tel Aviv to Paris—back to their home towns in Germany For a whole week Germans and Jews talked about what had occurred Visiting Jews also got up and gave speeches Germans and Jews who were once neighbors looked at old pictures putting together the shards of what was once a genuine community Photos and transcripts of the proceedings were published in the local newspaper If we can believe newspaper interviews and follow-up statements most Jews were glad they went back to their German hometowns just as the Germans in those towns were proud of the steps that their local communities had taken Often after one town had its “visitor week,” other communities in the region soon followed No longer was the history of town X or Hamlet Y thinkable without the Jews who once lived there national developments that pushed Germans to enter into their history more truthfully: country-wide essay contests on the subject of Germany and its past; the galvanizing effect of a president and sensitive words helped a nation think more deeply about its own history; the constant drum of prominent politicians and historians reflecting on an “unmasterable past”; and another infamous anniversary in 1988 marking 50 years since the November Pogrom such as the History Workshop (Geschichtswerkstatt) urging communities to look more critically at their Nazi past a good history of how Germans faced their past will show the constant feedback between the local and the national it will do more than that—for Germany’s past was hardly its own The turn to an honest telling of the German past had long been a transnational undertaking with foreign eyes observing it with keen interest for decades The story of Hugo Spiegel and his family is instructive His son Paul did not follow his father into the business of cattle trading but instead became a writer for the Jüdische Allgemeine one of the most important Jewish newspapers in Germany Paul Spiegel would become a major figure in the Central Council of Jews in Germany he also helped found an organization against xenophobia V.M The name translates as: “Show your Face: For a Germany Open to the World.” The people of Warendorf evidently approved and transnational—that we could learn from this German-Jewish story: the importance of community work and the crucial role that local schoolteachers and preservationists may well play in the great transformations of a nation’s memory After reading literally hundreds of accounts of towns from Bavaria and Baden in the south to Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein in the north I am especially impressed by the patience of these local actors For it is they who put in the many years of work that often went into convincing town councils to repair a cemetery rename a street for a famous Jewish son or daughter or add a monument in the central square of a hometown that had once wronged its former citizens they would also be the first to admit that they had help and that the work of memory was not a German effort alone while tearing down hurtful monuments has its time the necessary if arduous road of putting up the right monuments—fixing the wording on plaques commemorating forgotten victims and unsung heroes—runs through communities Helmut Walser Smith is a historian at Vanderbilt University. His most recent book is Germany: A Nation in Its Time: Before, During, and After Nationalism, 1500-2000. This essay was originally published in Zocalo Public Square and has been reposted with permission The views and opinions expressed in this article are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect those of the Forward. Discover more perspectives in Opinion. To contact Opinion authors, email [email protected] I’d like to ask you to please support the Forward American Jews need independent news they can trust At a time when other newsrooms are closing or cutting back the Forward has removed its paywall and invested additional resources to report on the ground from Israel and around the U.S rising antisemitism and polarized discourse This is a great time to support independent Jewish journalism you rely on See our full guidelines for more information, and this guide for detail about canonical URLs subject line “republish,” with any questions or to let us know what stories you’re picking up Copyright © 2025 The Forward Association witnesses heard ten gunshots as Nimani left a café on a Saturday evening questions arise about the circumstances surrounding his death The recent news shed light on the complexities of his life and potential factors contributing to this tragic outcome Read More: Roy Jones Jr Net Worth 2024: What Is The Boxer Worth? View this post on Instagram A post shared by Besar Nimani (@besarnimani) His overall skill and determination made him a beloved figure among fans and fellow athletes alike Reports indicate that Nimani was leaving a cafe on a fateful Saturday evening when tragedy struck Witnesses heard the chilling sound of gunshots and Nimani was fatally wounded at the scene The sudden and violent nature of his death has undoubtedly sent shockwaves through the boxing community and beyond Police have launched a thorough investigation into Nimani's murder The incident occurred in the Bielefeld city area prompting a major police operation to apprehend those responsible for the senseless act of violence Read More: Ed Matthews Net Worth 2023: What Is The Influencer Boxing Star Worth? View this post on Instagram A post shared by Besar Nimani (@besarnimani) Authorities are actively seeking information from the public to aid in their search for the individuals responsible for Nimani's murder The motive behind the attack still remains unclear leaving many to speculate about possible reasons for such a heinous crime his brother Berat took to social media to share the heartbreaking news and express his grief “My brother Besar Nimani was killed today in an ambush in Bielefeld Berat's poignant message serves as a reminder of the profound impact Nimani had on those closest to him and the wider community The Bielefeld police have released a statement providing details of the incident and the subsequent investigation Nimani was approached by one or more perpetrators who opened fire leaving behind a legacy of courage and determination With the support of law enforcement agencies and the cooperation of the public authorities are working tirelessly to bring the perpetrators to justice The community is urged to come forward with any information that may assist in solving this tragic case and providing closure to Nimani's loved ones Reports have surfaced detailing a previous altercation involving Nimani the trio was involved in a dispute at a Turkish restaurant near Bielefeld station The altercation escalated into violence and resulted in five people being injured While the specifics of this incident are distinct from Nimani's murder The lingering effects of past conflicts and the presence of violence in Nimani's life raise questions about potential contributing factors to his tragic end Besar Nimani's untimely death has left a void in the boxing world and serves as a sobering reminder of the fragility of life As authorities continue their investigation and seek justice for Nimani and his family his legacy as a talented athlete and resilient individual will endure remembered fondly by all who knew and admired him [Via] Metrics details Temporary skin-to-skin contact between preterm infant and the mother is increasingly used in neonatal medicine to promote bonding It is not known at which gestational age (GA) and postnatal age skin-to-skin contact outside the incubator is a sufficiently warm environment and is tolerated by preterm infants without a decrease in body temperature We conducted a prospective clinical study of 27 spontaneously breathing preterm infants of 25-30-wk GA and activity were continuously measured in the incubator (60 min) and back in the incubator (60 min) in wk 1 and 2 of life In wk 1 the change in Trectal during skin-to-skin contact was related to GA (r = 0.585 p = 0.0027): infants of 25-27-wk GA lost heat during skin-to-skin contact whereas infants of 28-30 wk gained heat and their mean Trectal during skin-to-skin contact was 0.3°C higher than before (p < 0.01) No significant changes of Vo2 or activity occurred In wk 2 the infants' Vo2 was higher than in wk 1 but Vo2 during skin-to-skin contact was the same as in the incubator Only small fluctuations in Trectal occurred In wk 2 all infants slept more during skin-to-skin contact than in the incubator (p < 0.02) skin-to-skin contact was a sufficiently warm environment as early as postnatal wk 1 For infants of 25-27-wk GA skin-to-skin contact should be postponed until wk 2 of life when their body temperature remains stable and they are more quiet during skin-to-skin contact than in the incubator But these studies did not include extremely premature infants or longitudinal measurements at different postnatal ages This study includes a sufficient number of preterm infants of <28-wk GA and longitudinal measurements to analyze the effects of both gestational and postnatal age on the thermoregulation during skin-to-skin contact These physiologic data are necessary for a evidence-based decision about which preterm infants are eligible for skin-to-skin contact We therefore measured body temperature and Vo2 before and after skin-to-skin contact in infants of 25-30-wk GA to determine at which gestational and postnatal age they tolerated skin-to-skin contact without a decrease in body temperature Preterm infants of 25-30-wk GA and a body weight appropriate for GA were studied in their first week of life as soon as they met the following criteria: spontaneous respiration no apnea within the last 24 h that required bag and mask ventilation Infants still on mechanical ventilation at a postnatal age of 7 d were excluded The study was approved by the hospital's institutional review board and written parental consent for each infant was obtained We calculated that a sample of 10 infants was necessary to detect a clinically relevant increase of Vo2 by 0.9 mL/kg per min (=15%) and a change in Trectal of >0.2°C/h (α error of 0.05 An increased Fio2 was required by 1 of the 16 infants of 28-30-wk GA in wk 1 and by 3 of the 16 in wk 2 Six of the 11 infants of 25-27-wk GA required an increased Fio2 in wk 1 and 6 of the 9 studied in wk 2 Vo2 calculated from Vco2 and food quotient did not differ from measured Vo2 in the infants studied Therefore calculated and measured Vo2 values were combined in the analysis Time spent in sleep was defined as the time with a Brueck score of -3 (eyes closed the study was scheduled for the afternoon of the same day The infants were naked except for a diaper in a double-walled air temperature-controlled incubator(model 8000 Germany) at a thermoneutral temperature and a humidity of 80% Measurements always started on the same time of day and did not interfere with the three hourly nursing routine To minimize the effects of postprandial thermogenesis the measurements in the incubator were started at 1600 h At 1700 h the infant was transferred to the mother who was wearing a hospital gown and reclining in a comfortable chair All mothers had normal axillary temperatures The infant was placed prone on the mother's chest his trunk and extremities were covered with a towel and his head was left uncovered and exposed to room air (temperature 26°C At 1800 h the infant was transferred back to the incubator and fed and measurements were continued for another hour Measurements were repeated 7 d later if the infants were still clinically stable and breathing spontaneously Between these two measurements 1 h of skin-to-skin contact was scheduled every day The infants received parenteral nutrition (glucose and amino acids) and bolus gavage feedings from d 1 Intravenous lipids were added on d 2 and gavage feedings were advanced according to feeding tolerance On the first study day infants received 8 bolus feeds of 5 ± 3 mL each representing 40% of total caloric intake on the second study day infants received 8 bolus feeds of 12 ± 4 mL each representing 60% of caloric intake Twenty infants received antibiotic treatment no infant received medication known to influence Vo2 or activity Data were analyzed with the SPSS statistical software (SPSS Inc. Mean values of the three study periods were compared by paired t test Differences between the two study groups were analyzed with the unpaired t test Not normally distributed data were analyzed with nonparametric tests (Wilcoxon) Correlations between parameters were determined by regression analysis A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant Eleven of the 40 infants of 25-27-wk GA born during an 18-mo observation period were eligible for the study Twenty-six infants were not eligible because they were ventilated for more than 7 d Two of these 11 infants were studied only in wk 1 because in wk 2 they were mechanically ventilated due to late onset sepsis; the other nine infants were studied in wk 1 and 2 Sixteen of the 18 infants of 28-30-wk GA born during a 7-mo observation period were eligible for the study and were measured in wk 1 and 2; two were not eligible because they were small for GA. Clinical data of the study infants are given in Table 1 Relationship between GA and temperature difference between the first and last 5 min of skin-to-skin contact in 27 preterm infants studied in wk 1 of life Time course of Trectal and Vo2 in preterm infants between 25 and 27 wk and preterm infants between 28 and 30 wk of gestation in wk 1 and 2 of life (data points are mean values for every 5 min; bars represent SD) Vo2 did not increase during skin-to-skin contact or after the temperature drops associated with the transfers in the infants of 25-27-wk GA(Fig. 2) mean Vo2 was also not significantly higher during skin-to-skin contact In wk 1 air and surface temperatures measured during skin-to-skin contact(air temperature under the towel covering the infant's trunk and extremities and maternal skin temperature) were the same as air and surface temperatures measured in the incubator (air and mattress temperatures)(Table 3) The Vo2 in all three study periods increased with postnatal age(r = 0.599 Vo2 before, r = 0.432 Vo2 skin-to-skin, r = 0.664 Vo2 after; p < 0.001). Consequently in wk 2 mean Vo2 in all three study periods was higher than in wk 1 (p < 0.001) (Table 2) Skin-to-skin contact had no effect on activity in wk 1 when infants were sleeping >90% of the time in the incubator and during skin-to-skin contact. In wk 2, however, the infants spent more time sleeping during skin-to-skin contact than in the incubator (Table 2) In wk 1 and 2 skin-to-skin contact had no effect on heart rate and oxygen saturation This study demonstrates effects of gestational and postnatal age on body temperature and activity during skin-to-skin contact in preterm infants Our principal findings were that GA had an effect on the change in body temperature during skin-to-skin contact in wk 1:Trectal decreased in preterm infants of 25-27-wk GA whereas it increased in infants of 28-30-wk GA both changes were not accompanied by an increase of Vo2 In wk 2 the infants had a higher Vo2 than in wk 1 and even very immature infants of 25-27-wk GA had only small fluctuations in Trectal skin-to-skin contact should be used with caution in infants of 25 and 26 wk of gestation In wk 2 the infants were sleeping more during skin-to-skin contact than when in the incubator We focused our study on preterm infants of >30-wk GA fro whom temporary skin-to-skin contact may be most important which separates them from their mothers for weeks But they are also the most fragile infants who benefits from skin-to-skin contact only when the necessary handling and partial exposure to room temperature does not impair their thermal and cardiorespiratory stability In no previous study were measurements repeated at different postnatal ages When we analyzed studies with measured or with calculated Vo2 separately we found no significant differences in Vo2 The Trectal of the infants of 28-30-wk GA increased during skin-to-skin contact to values above those in the incubator Because their heat production did not increase their heat losses during skin-to-skin contact must have been smaller than that in the incubator We made regional air and surface temperature measurements suggesting that conductive and convective heat losses from the trunk and the extremities were similar during skin-to-skin contact and incubator care because the air temperature under the towel covering the infant's trunk and extremities during skin-to-skin contact was as high as the air temperature in the incubator and maternal skin temperature was as high as the temperature of the incubator mattress Therefore we speculate that radiative heat losses were lower during skin-to-skin contact when the infants were covered with a towel than in the incubator when the infants were naked Our observations that in wk 2 the infants tolerated the transfers out of and back into the incubator with a much smaller drop in Trectal than they did in wk 1 and that they had stable normal Trectal at lower incubator air temperatures are also evidence for their increased thermal stability In wk 2 the infants spent significantly more time sleeping during skin-to-skin contact than they did during incubator care This is a benefit of skin-to-skin contact that we could not find in wk 1 when the infants spent more than 90% of the time sleeping both in the incubator as well as during skin-to-skin contact Our physiologic data have the following implications for clinical practice Skin-to-skin contact for preterm infants <1500 g cannot be generally recommended without considering gestational and postnatal age In wk 1 of life marked drops in Trectal occurred with skin-to-skin contact and the necessary transfers between incubator and mother in infants of 25 and 26 wk of gestation in wk 2 of life even the most immature infants studied could be taken out of the incubator for temporary skin-to-skin contact without disrupting their thermal and cardiovascular stability and with the additional benefit of more sleep during skin-to-skin contact Klein WS 1964 Effect of maintenance of"normal" skin temperature on survival of infants of low birth weight Cranston Anderson G 1991 Current knowledge about skin-to-skin (kangaroo) care for preterm infants Linderkamp O 1996 Metabolic rate and energy balance in very low birth weight infants during kangaroo holding by their mothers and fathers Rey H 1992 Selected physiologic measures and behaviour during paternal skin contact with Colombian preterm infants Versmold H 1995 Känguruhpflege bei 39 Frühgeborenen Versmold HT 1997 Body temperatures and oxygen consumption during skin-to-skin(kangaroo) care in stable preterm infants 1500 g and canopy for breath sampling in flow-through indirect calorimetry to measure oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production of preterm infants 1500 grams Coward WA 1986 Use of food quotient to predict respiratory quotients for the doubly labelled water method of measuring energy expenditure Versmold H 1994 The calculation of energy expenditure from CO2-production in preterm infants is improved by estimating respiratory quotient from nutritional intake Brueck M 1962 Neutral temperature range and range of thermal comfort in premature infants Kennell JH 1972 Maternal attachment-importance of the first postpartum days Richards M 1988 Skin to skin contact for very low birth weight infants and their mothers comparative study using the kangaroo method as a complement to the standard incubator care Fox WW (eds) Fetal and Neonatal Physiology Visser HKA 1984 New standards for neutral thermal environment of healthy very low birthweight infants in week one of life heart rate and temperature in very low birth weight infants during skin-to-skin contact with their mother Mirmiran M 1991 Physiological effects of kangaroo care in very small preterm infants Hey EN 1969 The relation between environmental temperature and oxygen consumption in the new-born baby Brooke OG 1985 Energy expenditure in the fetus and neonate: sources of variability Visser HKA 1984 Longitudinal studies on metabolic rate heat loss and energy cost of growth in low birth weight infants Hull D 1983 Incubation of very immature infants Strömberg B 1983 Transepidermal water loss in newborn infants Relation to gestational age and postnatal age in appropriate and small for gestational age infants energy intake and weight gain on energy metabolism in the very-low-birth-weight infant Download references Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199808000-00018 a shareable link is not currently available for this article