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Volume 6 - 2024 | <a class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__doi" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1335388">https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1335388</a>
Introduction: The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) (CPB) is a major threat to potato crops in Europe
it is expected that climate change will cause the species to expand its range northwards and allow for an additional generation per year in regions where it is already established
is decreasing due to the emergence of resistance to several substances
research into alternative measures is becoming increasingly necessary
One preventive measure that has already been shown to have great effects in past studies is the use of organic mulch
conserved or freshly cut plant material is spread on the field usually when the potato emerges
Previous research has mainly used cereal straw for this purpose in plots that are relatively small compared to actual agricultural fields
Materials and methods: To address the lack of large-scale field trials in the literature
a series of on-station and on-farm field trials were conducted in this study
which so far have not been extensively investigated
Over a period of four years and in a total of six field trials
Results and discussion: Our results show effects on the initial infestation of young plants by adult CPB and on the emergence time of the first two larval stages
when the feeding effect of CPB on yield is known to be greatest
L3 and L4 larvae were reduced by about 30% in the on-station trials and by about 40% in the on-farm trials
when CPB larval stages were used to calculate a weighted daily leaf consumption per stage
total calculated leaf consumption was on average about 40% lower in the mulch treatments across all sampling dates and all trials
The recorded yields were equal or higher in the mulched treatments
organic mulching can effectively reduce CPB damage even on a large scale and can have a positive impact on yield
as well as drawbacks and putative mechanisms of action
new approaches are needed that focus on prevention rather than control
whether the effects previously found in small-scale trials also apply to agricultural scales
In order to evaluate other organic mulch materials than straw and to address the lack of larger field trials in the literature
were conducted to answer the questions: &#x201c;Can the results of previous studies with straw mulched potatoes be confirmed with other mulch materials?&#x201d; and &#x201c;Can the effect of organic mulching found in previous studies in small-scale trials be applied to a large scale?&#x201d;
We concentrated mainly on legume-rich organic mulches
In addition to assessing the number of the developmental stages of CPB
we have calculated the expected consumption by the beetles based on the fractions of larval stages present at a given time according to their feeding rate to better visualise the effect of mulching
Germany) contains Bacillus thuringiensis var
tenebrionis (Btt) at a concentration of 1 mil
IU/ha and was commercially available during the relevant time period in Germany and regularly used in organic potato production
In all on-station trials potatoes of the variety Laura were planted at a distance of 75 cm between rows and a distance of 33 cm within rows
The planting distance between rows and within rows was consistent with the on-station trials
<a href="#T3">Table&#xa0;3</a> shows wheather data during the conduction of the field trials
The trials were carried out under temperate climatic conditions with a long-term (1990&#x2013;2020) mean temperature of 9.3&#xb0;C and a mean annual precipitation of 663 mm
No wheather data are available for the farm sites but these were nearby with very similar climatic conditions
Table&#xa0;3 Weather data on the experimental farm of the University of Kassel
Tricitale/vetch and grass/clover mulches were obtained from nearby fields and cut and chopped one day before application with a forage harvester
Straw and grass silage was obtained from one of the farmers and was produced the year before use
Figure&#xa0;1 Mulching of on-farm trial 2021b with a manure spreader showing the three treatments triticale/vetch mulch (front left)
control (front right) and straw mulch (back left)
Figure&#xa0;2 On-station trial 2019 at flowering showing the control (left) and triticale/vetch mulch treatment (right)
Table&#xa0;4 Fresh weight of organic mulch applied in field trials
The experimental farm and the two commercial farms involved in this study have a history of growing potatoes
The distance between the field trials and the potato fields from the previous year was less than 100 m on the experimental farm and a few hundred meters to about 1.5 km on the commercial farms
a few plants per plot were checked twice per week for CPB infestation
Actual assessments began in the week the first eggs were observed in these preliminary examinations
were counted visually on fifteen whole plants in the on-station trials and eighteen plants per plot in the on-farm trials
three to four times at intervals of 7 to 15 days (exact dates see results)
The fifteen plants in the smaller on-station trials were located in the centre row of the plots and did not change between assessments
The eighteen plants in the on-farm trials consisted of six plant triplets
which were randomly distributed over the plot
and reselected at each new assessment date
Each selected plant was searched and all leaves were gently turned over to record all individuals and their respective life stages
Harvesting was done by hand in all experiments
two 10 m rows of potatoes with a total area of 15 m2 in the center of each plot were harvested
randomly distributed over each plot excluding a 3 m edge
The potatoes were stored in wooden boxes for two months after harvesting
They were then weighed plot by plot on a scale with a reading accuracy and reproducibility of 1 g
The yields of all trials were then converted into tons per hectare
Differences in yield were analyzed using linear mixed models fitted with glmmTMB and a Gaussian distribution
model validation was performed using the DHARMa package and the above-mentioned tests with residuals from 1000 simulations and was followed by a Dunnett post-hoc test if applicable
To calculate total leaf consumption per plant, the number of individuals at each stage was multiplied by the feeding rates determined by <a href="#B17">Ferro et&#xa0;al. (1985)</a> at 20&#xb0;C, as this was the temperature investigated by <a href="#B17">Ferro et&#xa0;al. (1985)</a> that most closely corresponded to the temperatures prevailing in the field trials
The study described the mean values for the completion of developmental stages L1
The corresponding consumption rates measured at 20&#xb0;C were 0.9
and 27.4 cm2 of foliage consumed during the respective stages&#x2019; lifespan
This results in daily feeding rates of 0.24
The feeding rate of adult CPB over 10 days was reported to be 50.6
resulting in a daily consumption of 5.06 cm2 foliage per day
The daily consumption values were multiplied by the mean number of individuals counted for each stage
the 0.83 L4 larvae in the control multiplied by the feeding rate of 0.50 cm2 of foliage per day resulted in 0.415 cm2 foliage consumed by L4 larvae
The results were presented in stacked form for each date and each treatment
During the years of the study, CPB first appeared in the trials by about the end of May and began laying eggs by the beginning of June. L1 larvae were not observed before the middle or end of June, depending on the year and location. Only one generation could be observed in all years of the study. The number of larvae per plant generally varied greatly between the years and locations (<a href="#f3">Figures&#xa0;3</a>, <a href="#f4">4</a>)
Figure&#xa0;3 Mean number of CPB individuals per plant in on-station trials (&#xb1; standard error)
Stars indicate significant differences between the control and a specific treatment according to generalized linear mixed models and Dunnett post-hoc tests
Figure&#xa0;4 Mean number of CPB individuals per plant in on-farm trials (&#xb1; standard error)
When comparing the different mulch treatments with the controls across all trials, a reduction in L1 larvae ranging from 20% in the on-station trial 2019 to &gt;80% in the on-station trial 2021 was observed at the end of June (<a href="#f3">Figures&#xa0;3</a>, <a href="#f4">4</a>)
Exceptions were the on-station trial 2020 (no reduction) and the on-farm trial 2022 (no L1 larvae found)
there was a general trend that larvae of a subsequent larval stages were already present in the control at a given time
L3 and L4 larvae were already present in the control treatments and the the number of L1 larvae was correspondingly lower
L3 and L4 larvae were significantly reduced in at least one mulch treatment per trial compared to the unmulched control
L3 and L4 were reduced by about 30% on the last date in on-station trials and by about 40% on the last two dates in the 2021 on-farm trials
No reduction was observed in the 2022 trial
where the number of CPB was overall negligible
Daily leaf consumption, calculated by multiplying the numbers of each life stage by its respective feeding rate, generally increased from mid-June until potato flowering in July (<a href="#f5">Figure&#xa0;5</a>)
The calculated consumption was lower in the mulch treatments on almost all dates in all trials
In all on-station trials and the on-farm trial 2021a the percentage of reduction increased until the last date
where the reduction was on average about 40%
the reduction only increased to the second to last date
Total leaf consumption was negligible in the 2022 on-farm trial
L3 and L4 larvae account for most of the consumption
Figure&#xa0;5 Mean daily leaf tissue consumption in cm2 per plant in on-station and on-farm trials, calculated from the number of individuals multiplied by the specific feeding rates (from <a href="#B17">Ferro et&#xa0;al., 1985</a>) according to their life stage
Total yields were mostly between 20 and 30 t/ha with the exception of on-farm trials 2021b and 2022 which yielded &lt;20 t/ha and &gt;30 t/ha, respectively (<a href="#f6">Figure&#xa0;6</a>)
Yields of treatments with triticale/vetch mulch in on-station trial 2019 (p &lt;0.001)
and grass silage mulch in on-farm trial 2022 (p &lt;0.05) were significantly higher than in the unmulched controls
All other mulch treatments did not differ significantly from the controls
not even in the on-station trial in 2021 where the controls had received 100 kg/ha additional N fertilizer
Figure&#xa0;6 Mean total potato yield in on-station and on-farm trials (&#xb1; standard deviation)
Stars indicate significant differences between the control and a specific treatment according to linear mixed models and Dunnett post-hoc tests
our results confirm that organic mulching can be effective in reducing CPB infestation where CPB pressure is substantial
This has been shown for several mulch materials and for the first time in considerably larger-scale on-farm trials
The reduction is indicated both by a lower number of larvae of a given stage at a given time and by the fact that the larvae in the mulched treatments were
This results in lower total numbers of larvae early in the season and higher numbers of L3 and L4 larvae later in the season in the mulched plots compared to the unmulched plots
The shift to subesquent larval stages could especially be observed in the triticale/vetch treatment in the on-station trial 2020
where the number of L1 larvae was lower in the control than in the triticale/vetch treatment
which were not yet present in the mulch treatments at that time
In the on-station trials conducted in 2020 and 2021
the controls were fertilized with 100 kg N/ha to compensate for the nutrient input from the mulch treatment
the yields of mulched and unmulched potatoes did not differ significantly
indicating that the mulch can be a substantial source of nutrition for the potatoes and as such can compensate for external fertilization
organic mulching can be a valuable preventive component in on-farm CPB control
Due to its positive impact on yield and many other benefits
the use of mulch is also economically attractive
Further elucidation of the still largely unknown mechanism could in future help to refine the method and enhance the effect of mulch on CPB
The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found below: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.48662/daks-28">http://dx.doi.org/10.48662/daks-28</a>; DaKS &#x2013; Datenrepository der Universit&#xe4;t Kassel
The manuscript presents research on animals that do not require ethical approval for their study
The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research
This work was mainly funded by the European Union&#x2019;s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme as part of the project EcoStack (Grant Agreement no
Part of the work was also funded by the European Union FP7 Project (no
&#x201c;Optimizing Subsidiary Crop Application in Rotations&#x201d; (OSCAR) and the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) under a resolution of the German Bundestag through the Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food (BLE) under the Federal Program for Organic Farming and Other Forms of Sustainable Agriculture
grant number 2818OE016 (VORAN &#x2013; Improving Organic Crop Rotations with Transfer Mulch for Regenerative Appropriate Nutrient Management)
as well as the farmers for managing the potato trials at the Experimental Farm of the University of Kassel and both commercial farms
Sarah Bender and Felix Rudolph for assisting with sampling
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations
Any product that may be evaluated in this article
or claim that may be made by its manufacturer
is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher
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Received: 08 November 2023; Accepted: 04 June 2024;Published: 19 June 2024
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&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; In 1995
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For trauma patients with subsequent immediate surgery
it is unclear which surgical disciplines are most commonly required for treatment
and whether and to what extend this might depend on or change with “hypotension on arrival”
It is also not known how frequently damage control protocols are used in daily practice and whether this might also be related to “hypotension on arrival”
A retrospective analysis of trauma patients from a German level 1 trauma centre and subsequent “immediate surgery” between 01/2017 and 09/2022 was performed
Patients with systolic blood pressure &gt; 90 mmHg (group 1
shock) on arrival were compared with regard to (a) most frequently required surgical disciplines
and Fisher’s exact test and the Mann‒Whitney U test were used to calculate differences between groups where appropriate
98 trauma patients with “immediate surgery” were included in our study
Hypotension on arrival was associated with a significant increase in the need for abdominal surgery procedures (group 1: 37.1 vs
more frequent usage of damage control protocols (group 1: 59.0 vs
group 2: 75.6%; p = 0.019) and higher mortality (group 1: 5.5 vs
Our data from a German level 1 trauma centre proof that abdominal surgeons are most frequently required for the treatment of trauma patients with hypotension on arrival among all surgical disciplines (&gt; thoracic surgery &gt; vascular surgery &gt; neurosurgery)
surgeons from these specialties must be available without delay to provide optimal trauma care
with a proportion of blunt trauma &gt; 95% within the last ten years
23.9% of all trauma patients are transferred directly from the trauma unit to the operating theatre for an immediate surgical procedure (definition see below)
with a mean time from admission to surgery of 77.7 min
and only thereafter further surgeries are performed to increase the chance of survival
such unstable trauma patients requiring immediate surgery are usually treated by specialized trauma surgeons who are capable of controlling abdominal and/or thoracic bleeding
and who also have emergency vascular surgery skills
Due to the high absolute number of extremity injuries and fractures associated with (blunt) trauma
it is not surprising that surgical treatment of these patients is most frequently performed by orthopaedic surgeons
surgical fracture treatment can in most cases be classified as urgent
For treatment of patients with immediate need for surgery in European and specifically German trauma centres it is not evident (1) which surgical disciplines are most frequently required
(2) how often damage control protocols are used
and whether both these factors depend on or change with “hypotension on admission”
the aim of the study is to evaluate (1) the most common needed surgical disciplines for treatment
and (3) outcome of trauma patients with immediate surgery
and to analyse a possible dependence on “hypotension on arrival” (patients with shock)
This is a retrospective analysis of trauma patients with subsequent immediate surgery who were admitted to the German Armed Forces Hospital Ulm between January 2017 and September 2022
We are a certified level 1 trauma centre with a helicopter emergency medical service
and trauma treatment ranges from simple fractures to complex life-threatening injuries of all kinds
The following surgical disciplines are present in our hospital: abdominal surgery
it was approved by the ethics commission of the University of Ulm
normally within minutes of decision to operate
urgent = intervention for acute onset or clinical deterioration of potentially life- or limb threatening conditions
normally within hours of decision to operate
expedited = required early treatment where the condition is not an immediate threat to life or organ
normally within days of decision to operate
elective = intervention planned or booked in advance of routine admission to hospital
Trauma patients from all surgical disciplines were included in the analysis
Injuries leading to immediate surgery were collected with their corresponding surgical procedures and the leading surgical discipline
Usage of damage control protocol was defined as any surgery with abbreviated surgical procedures
based on clearly documentation in the surgical reports
or in any cases when a temporary abdominal closure was performed
Data were anonymized and listed in a Microsoft Excel® table (Version 16.0
Descriptive statistics were used to show the demographic data
patient characteristics and the most involved surgical disciplines as well as the most common injuries and performed procedures
Metrical data were examined for the level of significance between groups 1 and 2 using the Mann‒Whitney U test
Categorical data were investigated by Fisher’s exact test
Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistics® Version 26 by IBM (Armonk
A total of 1.121 immediate surgeries in the study period were screened. Among these, 1.022 had to be excluded because surgery was not related to trauma but other conditions, and one patient had to be excluded due to an incomplete digital documentation. Finally, 98 trauma patients with immediate surgery were included in our study (Fig. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/articles/10.1186/s13049-024-01187-0#Fig1">1</a>).
</a>Flowchart of patient selection for final analysis
Sixty-one (62%) patients were normotensive (group 1
</a>Percentages of performed surgeries by discipline on patients without hypotension on arrival (SBP &gt; 90 mmHg)
</a>Percentages of performed surgeries by discipline on patients with hypotension on arrival (SBP &lt; 90 mmHg)
The primary purpose of our study was to evaluate the most common required surgical disciplines in trauma patients with indication for immediate surgery
and how this depends on hypotension on admission
we wanted to assess the usage of damage control protocols in these selected trauma patients
our aim was to analyse outcome (mortality) and possible differences between patients with no-shock (SBP &gt; 90 mmHg) and shock (SBP &lt; 90 mmHg) on admission
We were able to show that abdominal surgery is the most common required discipline in patients with indication for immediate surgery
especially for haemorrhage in patients with shock
Other frequently needed surgical disciplines are neurosurgery (decreasing proportion in patients with hypotension on admission)
this is the first study with special focus on this topic
despite being obtained in a single centre with a relatively small patient cohort
may be relevant to optimize surgical staffing of level 1 trauma centres
particularly in the context of early subspecialisation in surgery
Since Germany and many other European countries do not have a trauma surgeon as a formal specialty
the treatment of severely injured patients is only possible as an interdisciplinary surgical approach
So which surgical disciplines do we really need for immediate interventions and potentially saving lives of those patients
And how is this affected by hypotension on admission as an indicator for shock
we presented an analysis to answer these important questions
thoracic and vascular surgeons in Germany are mainly focused on elective and oncologic surgery
the following implications arise: since these surgical disciplines most frequently perform immediate surgeries in trauma patients
they are encouraged to focus intensively on trauma
severe abdominal and thoracic trauma is relatively rare in absolute numbers in Germany
surgical skills from elective and oncologic surgery should be supplemented by trauma course formats to train specific procedures needed for trauma surgery
It should be noted that hypotension on admission is only a single parameter indicating shock in trauma patients
We did neither discriminate between volume responders and non-responders
nor did we take the use of catecholamines into account
hypotension on admission appears to be a parameter of high value in trauma patients
especially for rapid initial assessment of shock– as systolic blood pressure is very quick and easy to measure
its retrospective nature has all known flaws and risks of bias
the relatively small number of patients must be taken into account when the results are interpreted
p values may not indicate differences that might have been found for a larger study cohort
we focused exclusively on a very relevant subgroup of trauma patients with subsequent immediate surgery (with and without shock)
Further studies are required to obtain more reliable results using multicentre data and a larger number of patients
Abdominal surgery is the most frequently required surgical discipline for trauma patients with subsequent immediate interventions
and even more so for patients with hypotension and shock on admission
Other disciplines frequently involved are neurosurgery
Level 1 trauma centres must therefore provide a high level of trauma expertise in these surgical disciplines to treat patients with severe trauma appropriately
Early surgical specialization will inevitably lead to higher staffing requirements for the treatment of trauma patients
The datasets generated and/or analyzed during this study can be obtained from the corresponding author on reasonable request
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Open access funding was provided by the German Armed Forces Hospital Ulm
Moritz Witzenhausen &amp; Christian Beltzer
CB and MW developed the research questions
MW and CB wrote the first draft of the manuscript
All authors critically revised the manuscript and gave approval of this version to be published
The study was conducted in accordance with ethical standards as laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and all national guidelines
The local ethics committee of Ulm approved the study (study nr
The authors declare that they have no competing interests
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-024-01187-0
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Guests can read and relax in the fasting lounge
A 'regular' fast lasts six days at Germany's Buchinger Wilhelmi
contemporary art has been installed behind the reception
the wood panelling spruced up and its venerable newsstand removed
the two-Michelin-starred Pavillon restaurant is being refreshed to reflect the taste for lighter
and the stately rooms now come with wellness kits comprising a yoga mat
for use in conjunction with a fitness programme designed by an F1 performance coach
was the brainchild of a clean-living German naval doctor
whose career was cut short by excruciating rheumatism
he was persuaded to undertake a 19-day fast
after which he reported being completely cured
A convert to the healing effects of fasting
Buchinger initially opened his own home to treat patients; soon
"the fasting doctor from Witzenhausen" needed somewhere larger and
After the war came the much larger facility in &Uuml;berlingen
a renowned spa town in the more temperate south
(At the instigation of Buchinger's son-in-law
an outpost in Marbella was added in 1973.)
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Decades before Japanese cell biologist Yoshinori Ohsumi received the 2016 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his work on autophagy ("self-devouring") &ndash; the body's ability to self-repair and ward off pathogens when deprived of food &ndash; Otto understood that "When we fast
the organism employs the energy it would otherwise use for digestion to heal the diseased regions under the 'expert' guidance of our 'inner doctor'."
Today it forms the bedrock of any stay at Buchinger Wilhelmi
The list of ailments shown to have been relieved by therapeutic fasting is long: rheumatism
caloric intake is limited to twice-daily soups or fruit juices
"ketosis" &ndash; the process by which the food-deprived body redirects its energies to "cleaning house" &ndash; takes 72 hours (before which the body simply burns stored glucose and fat)
A "regular" fast lasts six days at Buchinger Wilhelmi
Besides the daily recording of blood pressure and weight measurements
the programme relies chiefly on a midday rest taken with a warm water bottle strapped to the stomach (to stimulate liver function) and the injunction to take gentle exercise
tennis courts and an outdoor (heated) pool
there are classes and lectures on all aspects of wellbeing
alongside regular recitals &ndash; a nod to Otto's belief that starving the mind while denying the body is no way to live
It's difficult to calibrate the overall effect giving up control of one's diet &ndash; and with it feelings of hunger and satiety &ndash; has on the psyche
did much to research and authenticate therapeutic fasting
trained as a psychologist before joining the family business (he recently stepped down as managing director to make way for his son
his focus is on the mental-health aspects of taking a break from daily life
in particular the benefits of removing oneself from testing environments and the technologies that enable them
"Beyond the dogma of a healthy lifestyle," he writes
"we offer people a place where they can return to their true selves and be at peace with who they are."
there's more opportunity to explore the nooks and crannies of one's consciousness
designed by Italian architect Matteo Thun and offering wonderful views over Lake Constance to the Alps
serves as both sanctuary and feeding station
as is the use of mobile phones (even if younger guests remain inseparable from their devices)
No wonder first-time visitors are apt to re-book before departure
Although one undeniable draw of Buchinger Wilhelmi is time spent in solitary contemplation
it's worth taking advantage of the therapies
treatments and life-coaching sessions on offer
all of which are designed to rehabilitate the exhausted id
A 10-day fasting programme (which includes two consultations with the medical staff
drink and fasting provisions) costs &pound;2,340 per person
non-fasting stays are available from &pound;218 per night
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Robin Riker (Beth, <a  href="http://www.soaps.com/boldandbeautiful/"  rel="nofollow"  target="_blank"  >B&amp;B</a>) will be performing in the theatrical production of &ldquo;Welcome to the Woods&rdquo; at the Witzenhausen Gallery in New York from November 14 &ndash; December 10
Written by Dutch filmmaker and playwright Alex van Warmerdam
&ldquo;Welcome to the Woods&rdquo; tells the story of a woman who heads to the woods with her friend after facing a marital crisis
but instead of finding peace and relaxation
the women experience a fairytale-like world where they encounter creatures who mirror the desires and issues in their everyday lives
The Witzenhausen Gallery is located at 548 W
For tickets visit the <a  href="http://www.smarttix.com/"  target="_blank"  rel="nofollow"  >SmartTix</a> website or call (212) 868-4444
Thursday, February 26, 2009 2:30 PM EST James W. Miller Auditorium (Western Michigan University) 1903 W. Michigan Ave Kalamazoo, MI 49008 <a data-atrk='a:vs-phone' href='tel:+18002289858' target='_blank'>(800) 228-9858</a> 
Reception to follow at the Richmond Center for Visual Arts 
<a data-atrk='a:vs-web-site' href='https://www.millerauditorium.com/' rel='nofollow' target='_blank' >Web Site</a>
At the family's request memorial contributions are to be made to those listed below
Please forward payment directly to the memorial of your choice
Western Michigan University 1903 W Michigan Ave Kalamazoo, MI 49008 <a data-atrk='a:cf-phone' href='tel:+12693871000' target='_blank'>(269) 387-1000</a> <a data-atrk='a:cf-web-site' href='http://www.wmich.edu/' rel='nofollow' target='_blank' >Web Site</a>
Kalamazoo Symphony Orchestra 359 S Kalamazoo Mall # 100 Kalamazoo, MI 49007 <a data-atrk='a:cf-phone' href='tel:+12693497759' target='_blank'>(269) 349-7759</a>
Kalamazoo Institute of Arts 314 South Park Street Kalamazoo, MI 49007 <a data-atrk='a:cf-phone' href='tel:+12693497775' target='_blank'>(269) 349-7775</a> <a data-atrk='a:cf-web-site' href='http://www.kiarts.org/' rel='nofollow' target='_blank' >Web Site</a>
Below is the contact information for a florist recommended by the funeral home
Ambati 1830 S. Westnedge Kalamazoo, MI 49008 <a data-atrk='a:cf-phone' href='tel:+12693494961' target='_blank'>(269) 349-4961</a> <a data-atrk='a:cf-driving-directions' href='//lsfhs.com/1fXiMxY' target='_blank' >Driving Directions</a> <a data-atrk='a:cf-web-site' href='http://www.ambatiflowers.com' target='_blank' >Web Site</a>
Diether Hans Haenicke’s life was distinguished by his perseverance
A German immigrant from the “old school” of academia
Diether amazingly mixed his erudite credentials with an open and young curiosity that led him to be an advocate for the students he taught and mentored
and a leader to the colleagues he worked alongside
Diether was the sixth of eight children born to Erwin and Helene Haenicke
He was raised and grew up near the Werra river in Witzenhausen
a small town which bordered communist East Germany until the German reunification
It was here that Diether faced as a child the grim realities of fascism and the second world war
While the evils of Nazism pervaded the nation and reached into his idyllic small town
his intellectual parents had similar interests
His father would often play portions of records for Diether and his siblings
and its movement before dinner would be served
and poverty and despair loomed over Germany
Diether continued to immerse himself in his studies
Having attended the Volksschule (primary school) and the Mittelschule (secondary school)
Diether loved school and would often tell his children that he looked forward to classes
Following the completion of his required courses
Diether entered his higher education studies at the Universities of Goettingen
and history and went on to earn his Doctorate from the University of Munich where he graduated magna cum laude in 1962
It was in that year that Diether married a young American student named Carol Colditz
and with whom he spent his very last moments
Their life together was spent in universities
who enjoyed and benefited from the experience of being raised in a household that was anything but all-American
and was deeply patriotic towards the country he considered to be the greatest in the world
Diether was known for his arguments with Europeans who derided America
It was never a good idea to tell him that his adopted country “had no culture.” 
academia began in earnest when he accepted a position teaching German language and literature at Wayne State University’s Junior Year in Munich program
Although he had always imagined that he would spend his life as a professor
it soon became evident that Diether had both the acumen and desire to move into higher education administration
he became Associate Dean of the College of Liberal Arts at Wayne State University
He then went on to the position of Provost and Vice President of Academic Affairs in 1975
he made a move away from the urban university that had been his training ground
the largest land grant university in the nation
There he became Dean of Humanities and Professor of German
Within a few years he was appointed Provost and Vice President of Academic Affairs
Poised to move on to a major university presidency
Diether became interested in a job opening in Kalamazoo
Many colleagues advised him to look elsewhere
but Diether clearly fell in love with Western Michigan University from his first visit there
that he “could get his hands around.” Diether accepted the position of WMU president in 1985
and spent the rest of his career there despite offers and inquiries from some of the nation’s biggest and most famous institutions
Diether adopted WMU much in the fashion he had adopted America—with fierce pride and loyalty
he fought to bring his university to a higher level of prominence in areas such as research
Upon his retirement from the presidency in 1998
he was credited by many as transforming the university
Diether returned to the faculty and taught for several years
It was during this time that he was able to enjoy his “first love” of teaching students
He also began to write a popular weekly column in the Kalamazoo Gazette
but always missed his days leading his beloved institution
Diether was asked again to step in to lead the university during a critical time
Students were dissatisfied and Diether was needed to revive the university while a new
Diether came back as though he had never left
as one colleague put it “a guardian angel,” who preserved the university till Dr
and gave everyone with a vested interest in WMU renewed confidence
Diether knew the university was in good hands again
He survived war and a totalitarian government
and he had a terrible and long battle with heart disease
Doctors were often astounded at his uncanny ability to recover and survive
But a head injury incurred during cardiac arrest in December ultimately proved too much for him to overcome
there is great relief in knowing that Diether will never again have to endure pain
Services will be held at 2:30 PM on Thursday
2009 at Miller Auditorium followed by a reception at the Richmond Center for Visual Arts
Diether was preceded in death by his parents; four siblings: Gerhard Haenicke
Carol Haenicke; two children: Jennifer (Chris) Haenicke of Kalamazoo and Kurt (Stephenie) Haenicke of Lisle
all of Germany; and many nieces and nephews
Please visit Diether’s personal web page at www.lifestorynet.com where you can read his Life Story
and sign his online guest book before coming to his services
Memorial contributions may be made to Western Michigan University
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head of Peter Paul Grech Primary School in Kercem
recently attended the concluding meeting of the Comenius project &quot;Young and Old Together&quot;
held last month at Ernst Reuter Schule on the outskirts of Witzenhausen
a village famous for its 150,000 cherry trees that thrive in the district due to the high level of magnesium found in its soil and the plentiful irrigation
so much so that the area to known as cherry land
Pupils from the Gozitan school and other partner schools from Germany
Slovenia and Romania have benefited a lot throughout the past three years
on matters related to the project theme as well as by learning from the different countries' cultures
Ms Schembri and Mr Saliba also learnt about the host school's reading methodology while visiting the classes and integrating with the teachers and pupils during the project meeting
The pupil representatives from the various schools performed a traditional Maltese play on a stage in the schoolyard and the audience was astonished at how they managed to learn and perform the play in such a short time
and even more at how such young pupils managed to introduce us in Maltese
The project's concluding activities were combined with celebrations marking the host school's 50th anniversary
during which the farmers exhibit their cherry-related products
During their short stay the meeting participants were also taken around to see some local monuments
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Von: <a class="id-Story-authors-link lp_west_author" href=https://www.hna.de/autoren/755/  title="Zur Autorenseite von Stefan Forbert" data-id-ec='{"shn":"Story","sht":"Container","p":{"containerType":"Authors","displayType":"Story Author-Link","type":"INSERTED_AUTHORS","value":"Stefan Forbert","position":"1","storyElementPosition":"4","storyElementCount":"11"}}' data-k5a-pos=west_author>Stefan Forbert</a>
wird der A-44-Abschnitt zwischen den Anschlussstellen Hessisch Lichtenau-Ost und Waldkappel für den Verkehr freigegeben
Das teilte Hessen Mobil am Gründonnerstag mit.","url":"https://www.hna.de/lokales/witzenhausen/hessisch-lichtenau-ort62262/verkehr-auf-a44-zwischen-hessisch-lichtenau-ost-und-waldkappel-soll-ab-13-april-laufen-9737609.html"};c&&a.navigator.canShare(d)&&(c.style.display="",c.addEventListener("click",b=>{b.preventDefault(),a.setTimeout(function(){a.navigator.share(d)},0)}))}})(window,document);
Das teilte Hessen Mobil am Gründonnerstag mit
Um 10 Uhr soll vor dem Westportal des Tunnels Küchen die Freigabe-Feier stattfinden
Dazu werden die Staatssekretäre Steffen Bilger (CDU) aus dem Bundesverkehrsministerium und Mathias Samson (Grüne) vom Hessischen Verkehrsministerium sowie Hessen-Mobil-Präsident Burkhard Vieth erwartet
Der Verkehr soll dann auf dem dann dritten freigegebenen A-44-Teilstück ab dem Nachmittag laufen
Der Autobahnabschnitt ist 10,9 Kilometer lang und hat einschließlich Tunnnel 235 Millionen Euro gekostet
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