a fishing town on the Danish Riviera remembers one of the greatest collective acts of resistance of World War Two: its role in the flight and escape of the Danish Jews
It was autumn on the Danish Riviera, a string of fishing villages along the coast an hour north of Copenhagen. In the town of Gilleleje
apple trees hung heavy with fruit in the gardens of thatched cottages and pink roses bloomed in the dunes backing the long sand beach
Day trippers ate fish and chips on the quay next to a harbour packed with pleasure boats
the coast of Sweden hovered on the horizon
but it hasn't always been this peaceful
this stretch of water represented an escape route for the Danish Jews
If they failed to cross the water from occupied Denmark to neutral Sweden
they faced deportation and possible death in the concentration camps of Europe
Thanks to the bravery of the Danish people – and
the fishermen and people of Gilleleje and others along the Danish Riviera – 7,056 Danish Jews out of a total population of 7,800 were taken under the cover of darkness to Sweden and to freedom
It's hailed as one of the greatest acts of collective resistance during World War Two
This October, Gilleleje is unveiling a new monument to mark the 80th anniversary; while a new exhibition at the Museum of Jewish Heritage in New York titled Courage to Act: Rescue in Denmark brings the story to a wider public
This act of resistance began three and a half years into the German occupation of Denmark
"The Danish Resistance was getting more courageous and August saw strikes and sabotage across the country
Hitler decided to teach the Danes a lesson and ordered a roundup of Danish Jews in September to take place in early October."
She pointed out a shop once owned by a draper who displayed pro-RAF
anti-German posters as we walked past fisherman's cottages and the town's church
The Danish government had collaborated with the German regime initially
whispers were passed to politicians and rabbis that the Danish Jews should flee and do it quickly: the Nazis were due to round them up on the nights of 1 and 2 October
The safest route was to take the train to Gilleleje and find a passage across the Øresund Strait to Sweden
Gilleleje was a fishing town with a population of around 1,700 where everyone knew each other
German soldiers were stationed at the nearby hotel and were visible on the town's streets and around the harbour
locals were on edge for impromptu visits from the Gestapo
meeting the fleeing Jews at train halts and taking them into hiding until nightfall when they could board boats for the dangerous two-hour trip on stormy windswept seas to Höganäs and other towns along the Swedish coast
There was something that Hitler had completely misunderstood. And that was: while they were Jews, they were also Danish people. Of course, they would help each other in a crisis."There was something that Hitler had completely misunderstood," said Søren Frandsen the author of a new book, Kurs Mod Friheden (The Path To Freedom)
The responsibility to help others in peril was particularly ingrained in the religious fishing community of Gilleleje
they innately knew the value of working together
creating a social network and banding together to help
"The attitude of the fishermen overall was that 'we help all people who are in need'," said Frandsen
supplying food and blankets to people in hiding
and collecting money to help those who could not afford to pay for the journey
who had arrived in Gilleleje with her mother and just a small bag filled with clothes and her teddy bear
Her mother had spent her last money on the train fare to Gilleleje – buying a return ticket to avoid suspicion
"That was the only money my mum had," Udsholt said
Udsholt is one of the few remaining people alive at the time of the great flight
and gives regular talks and tours about her experiences
She was hidden with her mother and several others in a hay loft on Østergade
"Germans were patrolling the whole time," she said
and asked my mum if I could go home with him
Udsholt went to play with the fisherman and his wife at their house on a neighbouring street while her mother sheltered in the hay loft until night fell and the conditions were good enough to sail to Sweden
the Gestapo were alerted to a group of around 80 to 90 Jews hiding in the church attic and immediately arrested them
deporting them to Theresienstadt camp in Czechoslovakia
Standing in the present-day attic with Udsholt
with its bare boards and tiny windows with a view of the harbour
it was easy to imagine the panic and fear the group must have felt
Upon hearing the news of the arrest of the church group up the street
Udsholt's group were told they had to leave immediately
"My mother had just a second to make a decision," said Udsholt
"She had heard a rumour that if fishermen had children who cried or talked on board
She told Svend that he and his wife could borrow me until the end of the war
but that she would come back to collect me then."
Udsholt spent the rest of the war in Gilleleje as one of 135 Jewish children hidden in Denmark and shielded from the German soldiers by the local people
She remembers looking out over the water to the lights of Sweden to where her mother was
She ended up staying with her foster family in the small beach town
"Gilleleje looked after me," she said
Similar acts of courage took place up and down the coast throughout October 1943
around 600 Danish Jews hid in the large kiln of a brickwork factory before escaping through the open marshlands under cover of night to waiting boats
It's important to tell our kids about it so they will be more sympathetic to people who have to escapeJørgen Bertelsen is a volunteer guide at the kiln
and regularly takes school trips around it
"Nowadays there are many places where people need to flee," he said
"It's important to tell our kids about it so they will be more sympathetic to people who have to escape
It's not just happening in [places like] Africa: it happened here too
And we should also remember the volunteers who risked their lives to help."
but about celebrating an attitude towards people in need
"I think Gilleleje should be so proud that such a small town has achieved so much," she said
"It's not that people should be thanked for behaving with humanity – but we should be proud of this spirit
It's why it's important to open doors to Ukrainians and people fleeing war."
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Jewish Museum Milwaukee’s compelling exhibit examines the extraordinary actions of Danish people during the Holocaust
Photo Courtesy Judy Glickman Laude - Florida Holocaust Museum Collection
Jews perished in large numbers across Nazi-occupied Europe
where more than 95 percent of Jews survived
a story of solidarity recalled in the new exhibition at Jewish Museum Milwaukee
The heart of “Choices of Consequence: Denmark and the Holocaust” are dozens of silver nitrate photographs by Judy Glickman Lauder
She began her documentary photography by visiting the death camps and killing sites of the Holocaust
she visited Denmark in a visual exploration of a nation that came together against genocide
Denmark was regarded by the Nazis as a “model protectorate” with its king and government left in place under German supervision
“Hitler deemed the Danes as Nordic people,” explains JMM Chief Curator Molly Dubin
on par with Germans in the Nazi racial hierarchy
The nation’s Jews had lived in the country since the 1600s when they were invited by the king
Antisemitism was a negligible factor in Danish politics; the local Nazi party was miniscule
The German army overran Denmark after a brief skirmish in 1940 and allowed the country’s institutions to function more or less as before
when the Nazis decided to impose their antisemitic agenda on the country
his government and the nation’s people rallied to rescue their Jewish fellow citizens
The Danes were alerted to Nazi plans by a quietly subversive German diplomat in Copenhagen
who also reached out for help to neutral Sweden
Danish police helped most of the country’s 8,000 Jews to reach ports where fishermen ferried them to safety in Sweden
Danish churches and hospitals provided shelter en route
Photo Courtesy Judy Glickman Lauder - Florida Holocaust Museum Collection
Lauder photographed places and people associated with the rescue of the Danish Jews
“a sense of presence.” Pier Humleback Beach shows a stony surface and the rough boat dock from which many Jews escaped
Harbor Gilleleje reveals one of the ports as it looked in 1992
still crowded with small fishing boats capable of carrying no more than 10 people per trip
Boat Hatch peers into the dark hold of one of those boats where Jews were concealed
In the deep shadows of Crypt Trinity Church
Torah scrolls from the nearby synagogue were hidden from the Nazis
Her black and white portraits include Pastor Palle Dinesen of Trinity Church; Thormod Larsen
a policeman later arrested by the Nazis for his role in the rescue; Birgit Krasnik
a rare fisherwoman among the rescuers; and playwright Finn Abrahomowitz
four years old when he fled by boat with his parents
Some of the text panels record memories of the participants
“did not consider their actions heroic but simply the right thing to do.”
“Choices of Consequence: Denmark and the Holocaust” runs February 14 through May 25 at Jewish Museum Milwaukee, 1360 N. Prospect Ave. For more information, visit jewishmuseummilwaukee.org
David Luhrssen lectured at UWM and the MIAD
and Hammer of the Gods: Thule Society and the Birth of Nazism
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seven of them wedged tightly against the jetty; catches unloaded
The only noise comes from a carelessly secured rope
one of its clasps banging repeatedly on the metal of the mast in the playful breeze
Here is a picture of small-town Scandinavia at its prettiest
Looking beyond the Danish flags that flutter on this mini fleet
At this point Sweden is only 15 miles away
though the firm line of its west coast is turning hazy in the late afternoon – the tinge of the fading sun on the sea gives it the appearance of a golden Avalon
a promised land that travellers might aspire to reach
It would have seemed similarly inviting 70 years ago
though the longing to cross the narrow channel that separates Denmark and Sweden would have been borne more out of desperate need than merry daydream
And the mood on the Gilleleje dockside would have been one not of relaxed tranquillity
but of raw panic: people scrambling on to the nearest available ship
losing their footing; luggage and possessions hastily abandoned on the wharf; families huddled together; children crying
Gilleleje witnessed the final flight of wartime Denmark's Jewish population from home soil
running ahead of the Gestapo which – in this country
at least – had been unusually slow in imposing Nazi Germany's abhorrent will
the dreaded deportation order had been issued – and had sparked a chain of events that would prove to be among the most compelling to emerge from the darkness of 1939-45
Denmark had seen a different version of the war to that endured by the likes of Poland and Holland
it had been allowed to keep its government in situ
and was considered by its occupiers to be a "model protectorate" – an example of how post-war Europe might function under German rule
its 7,800-strong Jewish populace – mostly based in Copenhagen – had been permitted to remain
But a spate of sabotage attacks conducted by the Danish Resistance in the summer of 1943 snapped German patience
leaving Denmark entirely under the Nazi yoke
The call for the Jews would come on 1 October
The hero of the hour was a dove in wolf's clothing
Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz had been a German businessman who had made a living from trading coffee
Now he was a diplomat attached to the German embassy in Copenhagen
Firmly opposed to the Final Solution and aware of the coming storm
he sent word to his Danish political contacts on 28 September
The exodus headed out through Zealand (the Danish island on whose eastern edge Copenhagen sits)
north to Helsingor – frightened travellers slipping out of safe-houses
neutral Sweden confirming it would accept the refugees
Across the Oresund's choppy waves they went
It is remarkable that so few died: 23 people are thought to have drowned
40 miles north of Copenhagen at the upper tip of Zealand
the Gestapo knew that they had been outmanoeuvred
The captains of the boats who scurried away from port on that Wednesday afternoon did so in the certainty that they could not return without reprisals
Eighty fugitives were left marooned when this makeshift armada sailed
they were concealed in the church – and they were still there when German troops arrived that night and extracted them from the gloom within
Gilleleje does not exactly shout about its contribution to this formidable effort
and you can find quiet echoes of what happened
framed by clipped hedges and sighing trees
stepping into a graveyard that remembers generations of Lunds and Olsens
But the Star of David on the headstone of Valdemar Lendorf and his wife Holga – both dead before the war – underlines the area's Jewish ties
all is still – as if recalling the sad silence that must have swathed those hiding here on that day
slotting the rescue mission into details on Zealand's Ice Age story and Viking heritage
An unfussy exhibit recreates the attic space in which the church refugees were found
a fishing boat with a hollow side shows passengers cocooned below deck
that Gilleleje does not want to celebrate its stand against tyranny
It is more that it is busy as a seaside hotspot popular with Copenhageners keen to swap the city for fresh air
but every seat is taken on the veranda at Adamsen's Fisk
the menu board advertising a for-two sharing portion of fish soup for 89 Krone (£10)
Restaurant Gilleleje Havn serves the sort of piscine comfort food that you would expect of such a town
with hearty portions of hjemmelavede (home-made) fish and chips for Dkr165 (£19)
And the main drag of Vesterbrogade does a solid job of luring visiting shoppers
Choff dealing in quirky nuggets of Scandinavian design; delicatessen Mad Med Mere full of olives
Gilleleje Badehotel is the essence of Danish hospitality: crisp white décor; rooms of unfussy cosiness; a rear terrace gazing towards the Oresund; a log fire in the reception area – the weather just cold enough to demand it
passing the back gardens of summer holiday homes
Pitched in the corner of a grassy clearing
instrument placed to his lips and pointing at the sky
reads: "Let the great shofar [a Jewish ceremonial horn] declare our liberation."
The work of British-Jewish artist Georges Weil
it was presented to the town in 1997 by Israeli shipping magnate Yuli Ofer
Its triumphant note is more than justified
Denmark's stance against Nazi persecution was determined and dogged
mainly to the Theresienstadt concentration camp in Czechoslovakia
their country campaigned tirelessly on their behalf
the majority were released to the Swedish Red Cross
One fifth of the survivors escaped via Gilleleje – which explains why Yad Vashem also guards one of the boats used in those fitful days
There are few Jewish tales with any positive aspects to be salvaged from the wreckage of 1939-45
Gilleleje Badehotel: Hulsovej 15 (00 45 48 301 347; gillelejebadehotel.dk)
Gilleleje Museum: Vesterbrogade 56 (00 45 72 499 950; hhkc.dk)
Open Wednesday to Friday 1 to 4pm and Saturday 10am to 2pm; DKK35 (£4)
Gilleleje Kirke: Gilleleje Hovedgade 45 (00 45 23 201 051; gillelejekirke.dk)
Adamsen's Fisk: Havnen 2 (00 45 48 300 927; adamsens-fisk.dk)
visitnordsjaelland.com; visitdenmark.co.uk
the northern part of Zealand is dotted with intriguing sites and historic landmarks
Join thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their replies
Denmark (AP) — Denmark is spending 11 million kroner ($1.6 million) to buy the country’s last four circus elephants to give them a proper retirement as the government moves to ban wild animals in circuses
Food and Fisheries Minister Mogens Jensen says a ban on wild animals in circuses is expected later this year
The ministry said Saturday there were no immediate plans as to where to put Ramboline
but applicants willing to take the mammals should offer a timely takeover and proper welfare
Animal Protection Denmark would ensure their welfare until then
Circus Arena manager Benny Berdino said he was “sad to have to say goodbye” to its elephants
but was happy they would get a good retirement
The fourth elephant belonged to Cirkus Trapez
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The Local Europe ABVästmannagatan 43113 25 StockholmSweden
Around 95 percent of Denmark's 7,000 Jews escaped deportation
either by fleeing to neighbouring neutral Sweden by boat or
Many children were reunited with their loved ones after the country was liberated at the end of World War II
the small village north of Copenhagen that adopted her
Denmark chose to collaborate with the Nazis and maintained its own institutions until the end of the summer of 1943
who did not have to wear the yellow star Jews were forced to wear by the Nazis
But everything changed at the end of September 1943
when Berlin ordered a raid on the country's Jewish community
The information was leaked and Denmark's Jews knew they had to act
"My mother told me she had received a message on September 30 that she would have to flee with me," Udsholt told AFP in Gilleleje
"Since my father was Christian he didn't have to come."
Udsholt and her mother met up with most of her mother's side of the family at Copenhagen's train station
where they were hidden away in a hay barn while waiting to make the crossing to Sweden
But Udsholt's mother was concerned that her daughter's incessant chatter would get them caught
took a liking to the talkative little girl
he offered to take her home to his wife for a few hours so she could play freely and escape the confined
He and his wife Ketty later offered to let the little girl stay with them so her mother
could find a place for them to live in Sweden
The Gestapo found and arrested 86 Jews stowed away in a Gilleleje church barn
which had until then turned a blind eye to the influx of refugees in the village
"She told herself: 'This is what is best for my daughter'," Udsholt told AFP
I still remember," recalled the vivacious 83-year-old
They "told me: 'You see those lights over there
I would stand on a chair in the window and tell my mother what I did that day."
Andreasen "went around to most homes to tell them they had taken in a little fair-haired girl
As soon as soldiers approached when she was playing outdoors
because Svend had warned me that I was never to talk to the men dressed in green or those with long black coats because those were the people who were going after my mother," she recalled
who had had no contact with her daughter for almost two years
She came to collect her child on August 24 - her fifth birthday
Udsholt missed the sea air and village life
The time apart took its toll on her parents
her mother agreed to let her go live in Gilleleje with Svend and Ketty Andreasen
"My mother and I were good friends for most of her life
but we were not mother and daughter," she said with a heavy sigh
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40 meters above sea level on the most northern point of Zealand
lies a house drawn and built by the owner himself
Kim Utzon’s interest in architecture is not inherited from strangers
Kim and his wife Charlotte bought a piece of land in the small fishing village of Gilleleje
the architect imagined a wooden cottage in cedar
and endless glazing to invite the spectacular surroundings inside
THE HOUSEWith a dream of building their own house
the former patrician villa on the plot was practically demolished and white walls and tile roof were exchanged with cedar tree cladding and a cobber roof
Within the frames for building along the listed coastline
Kim drew a two-floor contemporary villa of 120 m2 and after a year of construction the couple could call it their new home
The extreme exposure to nature required strong materials to withstand heavy winter storms passing in from the sea
glazing proved to be an essential aspect of the architecture
With floor to ceiling glass walls blurring the boundaries between inside and outside
sky and forest becomes a picturesque part of the interior
“It’s a tradition in my family that we build our own houses
and this house is the third I build for my family”
says Kim who has also built a house down the road for the couple’s son
THE VIEWWith unspoiled view to Kullen in Sweden
the home faces the approach to the Baltic Sea from Kattegat
A large south-west facing sundeck benefits from the sunset and view to the small harbour of Gilleleje where the couple always buy fresh fish
The 45 degrees cliff side is part of the 2300 m2 land and is overgrown with thicket hiding a 200-step stairway down to a private beach
where the couple often descends for a swim with their dog Selma
Total immersion in nature is what drew the couple to Gilleleje and back to the Danish north coast after having lived in both Copenhagen and Gothenburg
he does get a daily dose of city life but enjoys retreating to nature after a day of conceiving new architecture
THE INTERIORA bright colour scheme transcends the home of two bedrooms
kitchen and combined living and dining room
White walls are given a splash of colour with the couple’s extensive collections of paintings including oil canvases made by their son
The interior is done by Charlotte who has chosen a blend of wooden furniture
THE KITCHEN AND LIVINGROOMA black wall and tall module from Vipp comprise the south facing kitchen in open connection to the living room and with glass doors opening to the terrace
A wooden table and customized oak shelves from Københavns Møbelsnedkeri soften the steel kitchen.The living room interior is comprised by a Vitra sofa and coffee table accompanied by a Poul Kjærholm stool
A Vipp side table is lid up by a Kaiser Idell lamp
Buddha figures and a Ganesh elephant add a slice of foreign influence to the Nordic interior
THE BATHROOMS AND BEDROOMBoth bathrooms are covered in Norwegian Oppdal slates and kept simple with bathroom furniture from Vipp
The first-floor bathroom benefits from the natural skylight from the sloping roof windows
A Hästens bed dominate the bedroom together with two Green Square nightstands
A Chinese vintage cupboard from local store ‘Siam’
holding a Vipp table lamp and painting by David Utzon
break the Nordic style with its red colour and gold ornaments
salt-sprayed peninsulas and hippie enclaves await
Where to stay: Hotel Odeon
Where to stay: Gilleleje Badehotel
Where to stay: Brøndums Hotel
Get your weekly dose of armchair travelling
fishing villages and art galleries of the Danish Riviera11 November 2009iStockAll products are independently selected by our editors
It is ideal for a romantic weekend away or a summer holiday with children
Slotsgade 6, Fredensborg (00 45 48 40 01 11; www.storekro.dk)
An imposing hotel on the beautiful Esrum Lake
(00 45 49 75 86 00; www.havreholm.dk)
Helsingor (00 45 49 21 40 00; www.marienlyst.dk)
A huge hotel with a casino and a seaside restaurant
One of the best restaurants on the riviera; serves good fish platters
European cuisine and lots of Shakespeare pictures on the walls
Danish and French cuisine; located near the Karen Blixen museum
Not far from the fishing town of Gilleleje
in a stretch of countryside unaccountably known as Rusland (Russia)
is the jaw-droppingly peculiar Rudolph Tegners Museum
Tegner himself had no doubt that he was an undiluted genius
and the museum is his egomaniacal monument to himself
But his technical skill does not compensate for his complete lack of taste
It is no surprise to learn that Tegner was inspired by the supremacist thinking of Nietzsche
because many of his works bear an uncomfortable resemblance to the frowning Chippendales of Nazi art
many nude studies aim to be sensual in a Rodinesque way
Tegner is buried in the dead centre of the building surrounded by the plaster products of his priapic imagination
His museum is also his mausoleum - the crowning lapse of taste
Tegner's museum seeps out into the surrounding countryside
Bronzes of many of the casts you have seen indoors are mounted on plinths and dotted about like sentries
This is lovely country - pine trees and purple heather
and you can enjoy a half-hour playing hunt-the-dubious-artwork in the sun-lit woods and sheep-filled fields
ZEALAND Zealand is a compact little island
and endless convoluted miles of beautiful woodland to walk in
The terrain everywhere is flat and negotiable
If you get tired you can always put your bike on a train: there are cycles helpfully painted on the doors of the carriages that accommodate them
AIRPORT The nearest international airport is Copenhagen
located 8km (5 miles) southeast of the city