It’s especially great when my husband and I have family and friends over because guests can mingle and move around easily
One of my biggest gripes with an open layout, though, is that I can see everything, everywhere, all at once — including the mountain of throw blankets on the couch and the little pile of to-be-read books on the coffee table
I set a mental reminder to clean it up … and then promptly forget
it’s helped hide some of my living room’s biggest annoyances
I have the Maribo ottoman in my living room by an accent chair from the Interior Define x Jason Wu collaboration (sadly
and it creates the perfect little reading nook
you’d barely be able to tell that the Maribo is a storage ottoman
you’ll see that the generous interior can fit up to three oversized throw blankets — four if you drape the last one over the sides of the ottoman — and a book or two
but even with the weight of a few blankets
it’s easy enough for me to push or carry it wherever I need
There’s also always been extra room for a few last-minute things to throw in before guests arrive
The ottoman can sit up to 250 pounds so it’s great for extra seating
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We report on the detection of primordial organic matter within the carbonaceous chondrite Maribo that is distinct from the majority of organics found in extraterrestrial samples
We have applied high-spatial resolution techniques to obtain C-N isotopic compositions
and structural information of this material
The organic matter is depleted in 15N relative to the terrestrial value at around δ15N ~ -200‰
close to compositions in the local interstellar medium
Morphological investigations by electron microscopy revealed that the material consists of µm- to sub-µm-sized diffuse particles dispersed within the meteorite matrix
Electron energy loss and synchrotron X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopies show that the carbon functional chemistry is dominated by aromatic and C=O bonding environments similar to primordial organics from other carbonaceous chondrites
The nitrogen functional chemistry is characterized by C-N double and triple bonding environments distinct from what is usually found in 15N-enriched organics from aqueously altered carbonaceous chondrites
Our investigations demonstrate that Maribo represents one of the least altered CM chondrite breccias found to date and contains primordial organic matter
probably originating in the interstellar medium
We show that the Maribo matrix contains a primordial OM component with a strongly 15N-depleted isotopic signature that is rare among chondritic OM and has not been described in chemical detail in other extraterrestrial samples to date
The functional chemistry signature of this unique material
obtained by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy methods
demonstrates the relatively unaltered nature of this OM
This organic component apparently has recorded a snapshot of very early organic chemistry otherwise obscured in other primitive carbonaceous chondrites by more severe alteration processes
Our combined high-spatial resolution analyses of primitive matrix components therefore highlight the important character of Maribo as a key sample of the very early solar nebula
Nitrogen and carbon isotopic compositions of Maribo OM compared to CR, CM, and IDP organic materials from both bulk and in-situ investigations. See text for references.
Maribo OM data with δ15Nair < 0 compared to different solar system
Meteorite and IDP data have been obtained by NanoSIMS
Electron microscopy images of OM morphologies within Maribo
Left: SEM-BSE image of a “coldspot” within the Maribo matrix
diffuse particles (encircled) at the rim of the FIB lamella
Right: STEM-HAADF image of the organic particles (encircled) associated with tiny sulfides (bright spots) and phyllosilicates to the left
STXM spectra obtained from both all the pixels and specific regions of interest (ROI) within the FIB lamella (see also Fig. S1)
Left: Spectra obtained at the C-K edge giving similar results as the EEL spectra
but with a high signal-to-noise ratio and more spectral detail
Right: N-K edge spectra on these organics showing the two dominant bands due to imine/nitrile C-N bonding environments
We note that extraterrestrial OM is susceptible to modification during sample preparation (FIB) and characterization using electron/X-ray beams
STEM analyses were carried out using very low electron doses in the pA range
and discarded all data with observable beam damage
all spectrum images were acquired using a rastered beam with several datasets across the samples to spread the electron dose
it differs in having less carboxylic bonding as well as indications of C-N double and triple bonding
This process would result in outer solar system
The complementary reservoir would then be 15N-poor and close to the solar and jovian compositions
The exact location of this reservoir within the solar nebula and which materials might have incorporated this component are as yet unknown
is possibly related to this 15N-depleted reservoir
no comets have been detected with this 15N-depleted signature as well
this molecule might have played an important role for the formation of organics presented here
But even though the candidates containing this primordial nitrogen isotopic signature are controversially debated
detailed analyses of such grains are still lacking
specifically about the functional chemistry of such phases
These investigations are crucial to understand the evolution of nitrogen isotopes within the solar system
Here we show that the 15N-depleted material detected within Maribo is characterized by OM with a carbon functional chemistry that is assumed to represent more primordial organics found
Such OM is generally characterized by three major functional groups in absorption spectra
also referred to as “IOM-like” as well as some aliphatic carbon chains
This distinct functional chemistry might then change its relative abundance in response to proceeding alteration reactions in different parent body environments
although those organics are usually 15N-rich
This can be explained by the fact that both isotopic signatures of OM are present within solar system samples
but that the 15N-depleted material is much less abundant
We therefore conclude that Maribo represents one of the key CM chondrite breccias present in our collection and has sampled primordial OM probably originating in the interstellar medium
we used in-house software developed at the MPIC
Deviations of the isotopic compositions from the respective standard ratios are reported as δ-values displaying the deviation in per mil from the standard
Identified “coldspots” were documented by SEM on a LEO 1530 field emission gun scanning electron microscope at MPIC
The main detection signal was backscattered electron (Z) contrast using a high-resolution in-lens detector
where OM can be clearly identified by its darker contrast compared to surrounding matrix
Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) measurements were performed at the I08 beamline at Diamond Light Source (DLS)
Spatially correlated energy dependent image stacks (~ 5 × 3 µm
100 × 60 pixels) were acquired at the carbon (278–310 eV) and nitrogen (390–420 eV) K edges with a nominal beam size of ~ 70 nm and a dwell time per pixel of 10 ms
For both the carbon and nitrogen measurements
the step size was 0.1 eV over the main edge and where important diagnostic features occur
and between 0.2–0.5 eV across the rest of the scan
normalize to the background X-ray intensity (I0)
and finally extract XANES spectra from every pixel in the full FIB lamella and specific regions of interest (ROIs)
Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to C.V
origin and modification of insoluble organic matter in chondrites
Murchison and Renazzo during parent body aqueous alteration: In situ investigations
Chemical composition and iron oxidation state of amorphous matrix silicates in the carbonaceous chondrite Acfer 094
Fluid-induced organic synthesis in the solar nebula recorded in extraterrestrial dust from meteorites
High abundances of circumstellar and interstellar C-anomalous phases in the primitive CR3 chondrites QUE 99177 and MET 00426
and low-loss electron spectroscopy of complex organic aggregates at the nanometer scale in the carbonaceous chondrite Renazzo
Coordinated NanoSIMS and FIB-TEM analyses of organic matter and associated matrix materials in CR3 chondrites
Isotopic anomalies in organic nanoglobules from Comet 81P/Wild 2: comparison to Murchison nanoglobules and isotopic anomalies induced in terrestrial organics by electron irradiation
Identification of isotopically primitive interplanetary dust particles: a NanoSIMS isotopic imaging study
A NanoSIMS and Raman spectroscopic comparison of interplanetary dust particles from comet Grigg-Skjellerup and non-Grigg Skjellerup collections
GEMS-like material in the matrix of the Paris meteorite and the early stages of alteration of CM chondrites
Aqueous alteration of carbonaceous chondrites: evidence for preaccretionary alteration—a review
Spatial relations between D/H and N isotopic anomalies in Orgueil and Murchison insoluble organic matter: a NanoSIMS study
Isotopic and chemical variation of organic nanoglobules in primitive meteorites
The early stages of aqueous alteration in CM chondrites—TEM-UltraSTEM-STXM investigations of the less-altered chondrite Maribo
Isotope record of mineralogical changes in a spectrum of aqueously altered CM chondrites
and O isotope ratios from an improved comparison of the interstellar medium with the Sun
Millimeter-wave observations of CN and HNC and their 15N isotopologues: a new evaluation of the 14N/15N ratio across the Galaxy
Multiple nitrogen reservoirs in a protoplanetary disk at the epoch of comet and giant planet formation
Detection of 15NH2D in dense cores: a new tool for measuring the 14N/15N ratio in the cold ISM
Nitrogen isotopic fractionation in interstellar ammonia
Nitrogen isotopic ratios in Barnard 1: a consistent study of the N2H+
N2H+ and N15NH+ toward the prestellar core 16293E in L1689N
14N/15N ratio measurements in prestellar cores with N2H+: new evidence of 15N-antifractionation
First measurement of the 14N/15N ratio in the analog of the sun progenitor OMC-2 FIR4
Abundance of HCN and its C and N isotopologues in L1498
Carbon isotope fractionation and depletion in TMC1
Precise observations of the 12C/13C ratios of HC3N in the low-mass star-forming region L1527
First detection of HC515N in the interstellar medium
The nitrogen isotopic ratio of HC3N towards the L1544 prestellar core
A 15N-poor isotopic composition for the solar system as shown by genesis solar wind samples
Nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition of the sun inferred from a high-temperature solar nebula condensate
The nitrogen isotopic ratio in Jupiter’s atmosphere from observations by the composite infrared spectrometer on the Cassini spacecraft
The peculiar nature of nitrogen in organic solids from chondritic meteorites
Murchison: impact of hydrothermal alteration on organic matter in CM chondrites
and distribution of organic matter in CR (Renazzo-type) chondrites
Nitrogen isotope variations in the solar system
The possibility of nitrogen isotopic fractionation in interstellar clouds
Isotopic anomalies in primitive solar system matter: spin-state-dependent fractionation of nitrogen and deuterium in interstellar clouds
Massive isotopic effect in vacuum UV photodissociation of N2 and implications for meteorite data
On the strong and selective isotope effect in the UV excitation of N2 with implications toward the nebula and Martian atmosphere
Nitrogen isotope fractionation in protoplanetary disks
The origin and evolution of chondrites recorded in the elemental and isotopic compositions of their macromolecular organic matter
and location of organic matter in the enstatite chondrite Sahara 97096 (EH3)
High abundances of presolar grains and 15N-rich organic matter in CO3.0 chondrite Dominion Range 08006
Pristine extraterrestrial material with unprecedented nitrogen isotopic variation
elemental and structural study of silicon nitride from enstatite chondrites
A carbon and nitrogen isotope study of diamond from primitive chondrites
Possible in situ formation of meteoritic nanodiamonds in the early solar system
Genesis of presolar diamonds: comparative high-resolution transmission electron microscopy study of meteoritic and terrestrial nano-diamonds
Dome C ultracarbonaceous antarctic micrometeorites—infrared and raman fingerprints
Investigation of nitrides in carbonaceous chondrites: a window to early solar nebula processes
Evidence for an early nitrogen isotopic evolution in the solar nebula from volatile analyses of a CAI from the CV3 chondrite NWA 8616
Nitrogen isotopes in the recent solar wind from the analysis of genesis targets: evidence for large scale isotope heterogeneity in the early solar system
The path of reduced nitrogen toward early Earth: the cosmic trail and its solar shortcuts
Reactive ammonia in the solar protoplanetary disk and the origin of Earth’s nitrogen
The effect of Jupiter’s formation on the distribution of refractory elements and inclusions in meteorites
Download references
We thank Maren Müller and Michael Kappl at MPI for Polymer Research for FIB preparation
Elmar Gröner and Philipp Schuhmann for technical support on the NanoSIMS
and Antje Sorowka (MPIC) for assistance with the SEM
CV and JL acknowledge support by the DFG through SPP1833 grants (VO1816/3-1 and LE 3279/2-1)
National Research Facility for Advanced Electron Microscopy
supported by the Engineering and Physics Science Research Council (EPSRC)
We thank Burkhard Kaulich and Majid Kazemian for help with STXM analyses and acknowledge Diamond Light Source for time on beamline I08 under proposal #SP20900
Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL
School of Chemical and Process Engineering and School of Physics and Astronomy
analyzed data; all authors participated in interpretation
The authors declare no competing interests
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
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(Bethany Baker | The Salt Lake Tribune) Two models of the new dinosaur
being unveiled at the Natural History Museum of Utah at The University of Utah in Salt Lake City on Tuesday
triceratops — a new horned dinosaur has entered the scene
A display of the Lokiceratops rangiformis, a freshly discovered species of horned dinosaur, was set to be unveiled Thursday at the Natural History Museum of Utah
ahead of the Salt Lake City museum’s annual fundraising gala
The public was scheduled to get its first look Friday
The display at the museum — at 301 Wakara Way
on the University of Utah campus — includes a cast skull and a sculpture of what scientists estimate the impressive beast to have looked like when it was alive 78 million years ago during the Cretaceous period
The original skeleton was discovered in Kennedy Coulee, in Montana near the Canadian border, and is maintained by the Museum of Evolution in Maribo, Denmark. NHMU’s replica is matched with one at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto.
This week’s unveiling at NHMU corresponded with the publication Thursday of the Lokiceratops discovery, co-authored by Mark Loewen, a paleontologist at the Utah museum.
(Bethany Baker | The Salt Lake Tribune) Mark Loewen, a paleontologist at The University of Utah, stands in front of two models of the new dinosaur being unveiled at the Natural History Museum of Utah at The University of Utah in Salt Lake City on Tuesday, June 18, 2024.
The Lokiceratops’ skeleton is the first of its kind, but the fourth centrosaurine — a genetic group of horned dinosaurs — in the northern Montana region. Its discovery has scientists excitedly readjusting their understanding of the centrosaurine family tree and evolutionary patterns. Loewen said it is evidence that scientists have only scratched the surface of knowledge about horned dinosaurs.
According to Loewen, this concentration of a dinosaur species in a relatively small geographic location is unprecedented. He contextualized the discovery with a comparison: “You just wouldn’t expect to see five different species of elephant in the Serengeti.”
The variety of centrosaurines within a single ecosystem means that there was impressive genetic diversity within the family. Loewen estimated that scientists have identified only 1% of the centrosaurines that existed during the final 20 million years of the dinosaurs’ reign.
Such high diversity causes scientists to believe that centrosaurines evolved at a rapid pace, Loewen said. This rate of evolution is not yet observed in other regions or with other species, he explained.
The Lokiceratops will spur additional scientific efforts to understand centrosaurines, Loewen said — adding that their family tree is only just taking shape.
(Bethany Baker | The Salt Lake Tribune) Mark Loewen, a paleontologist at The University of Utah, stands in front of models of the new dinosaur being unveiled at the Natural History Museum of Utah at The University of Utah in Salt Lake City on Tuesday, June 18, 2024.
The Lokiceratops was formed like centrosaurine royalty. With 11,000 pounds of mass, it had the longest skull of its species group, and was crowned with an ornate horn pattern. Horns sat above its eyes and nose, freckled its cheeks, and lined the edge of its meter-long frill, which sat like a halo above its face. Two mismatched, imposing, blade-like horns extended from the sides of the frill. They are the largest horns ever found on a horned dinosaur from the time period.
Those unique features inspired the species’ name: Lokiceratops rangiformis translates to “Loki’s horned face” and “formed like a caribou” and paints an image of a blade-wielding Norse god with antlers. Loki, “the god of mischief” in Norse mythology, is also a character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, who often wears a helmet with high curved horns.
The Lokiceratops’ horn patterns are thought to act as a display structure to attract mates, Loewen said, adding that these mating behaviors may have created the hyper-evolution now surprising the scientific community.
(Bethany Baker | The Salt Lake Tribune) Replicas of various horned dinosaurs hang from the wall, representing the largest collection of horned dinosaurs in the world, at the Natural History Museum of Utah at The University of Utah in Salt Lake City on Tuesday, June 18, 2024.
When the dinosaur walked the earth, northern Montana was a subtropical coastal plain covered with marshland, according to a release from NHMU. The giant most likely lived in a herd with others of its kind, using its more than 200 teeth to chew the plants on which it grazed.
As the most massive herbivore in the ecosystem, it would have spent much of its time eating in order to sustain its great size. It was surrounded by its fellow species of horned dinosaurs and other herbivorous duck-billed dinosaurs. It was likely prey to the Thanatotheristes, a tyrannosaurus nicknamed “reaper of death.”
The excavation of Lokiceratops’ bones began in 2019 under the guidance of Mark Eatman. Fossilogic LLC, a Utah company headed by Brock Sisson, was tasked with the crucial job of preparing and mounting the bones.
“Reconstructing the skull of Lokiceratops from dozens of pieces was one of the most challenging projects my team and I have ever faced,” said Sisson, “but the thrill of bringing a 78-million-year-old dinosaur to life for the first time was well worth the effort.”
(Bethany Baker | The Salt Lake Tribune) Savhannah Carpenter, a paleontology student with The University of Utah, stands with two models of the new dinosaur being unveiled at the Natural History Museum of Utah at The University of Utah in Salt Lake City on Tuesday, June 18, 2024.
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The intricately horned beast is a relative of the famous Triceratops and has been named Lokiceratops rangiformis
It’s thought to have roamed around the western half of North America over 78 million years ago
back when the continent was split into several large island masses
rangiformis was made by a large group of researchers from the U.S.
The fossils used to determine its identity were excavated from the badlands of northern Montana
the area was thought to have primarily been swamps and floodplains
rangiformis is thought to have made its home along the eastern shores of Laramidia—an island continent during the Late Cretaceous period that existed as a result of the Western Interior Seaway splitting what we now call North America into two
The dinosaur’s first name refers to the Norse God Loki
present-day animals that tend to have asymmetric antlers
rangiformis literally means: “Loki’s horned face that looks like a caribou.”
rangiformis is part of a diverse group of dinosaurs known as ceratopsids
which are thought to have first emerged around 92 million years ago
with members living all the way up until the end of the dinosaur age 66 million years ago (when
rangiformis belonged to a much more narrow niche of these dinosaurs
The team’s discovery was detailed in a paper published Thursday in the journal PeerJ
while the Natural History Museum of Utah and other affiliated institutions are unveiling the dinosaur to the public this week
The team has also made available beautiful reconstructions of these dinosaurs and three other ceratopsian species that lived alongside it
“This new dinosaur pushes the envelope on bizarre ceratopsian headgear, sporting the largest frill horns ever seen in a ceratopsian,” said co-lead author Joseph Sertich, a paleontologist with the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and Colorado State University, in a statement released by the University of Utah
rangiformis is the fourth such ceratopsid and fifth horned dinosaur overall to be identified in the area
which has led paleontologists to reassess the evolutionary branch of these animals
The isolated nature of living in Laramidia may have driven L
rangiformis and other ceratopsids to evolve in drastic ways
Fearsome as the horns might appear to us today
the researchers believe that they were more like ornaments
“These skull ornaments are one of the keys to unlocking horned dinosaur diversity and demonstrate that evolutionary selection for showy displays contributed to the dizzying richness of Cretaceous ecosystems,” said Sertich
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Paleontologists have identified a new genus and species of centrosaurine dinosaur from the fossilized remains found in the Judith River Formation in the Kennedy Coulee region
the new species appeared at least 12 million years earlier than its famous cousin Triceratops and was the largest horned dinosaur of its time
Reconstruction of Lokiceratops rangiformis surprised by a crocodilian in the 78-million-year-old swamps of northern Montana
Image credit: Andrey Atuchin / Museum of Evolution in Maribo
Lokiceratops rangiformis lived in what is now Montana during the Cretaceous period
This species was around 6.7 m (22 feet) long and weighed 5 tons, making it the largest dinosaur from the group of horned dinosaurs called Centrosaurinae ever found in North America
“Within the dinosaur ecosystems of the ancient island continent Laramidia
the Ceratopsidae were geographically widespread and morphologically diverse
possessing highly variable cranial ornaments including horns and morphologically diverse parietosquamosal frills,” said University of Utah’s Professor Mark Loewen and his colleagues
“Two distinct clades within Ceratopsidae diverged by at least 83 million years ago.”
long-frilled Chasmosaurinae and the round-nosed
“Centrosaurinae represent an ecologically important and diverse radiation of ceratopsids
“Historically known from abundant remains in Alberta
discoveries over the past two decades have rapidly expanded our understanding of the group
particularly its geographic and morphologic breadth
with additional insights into centrosaurine ontogeny.”
“Though locally abundant in some localities in southern Alberta and northern Montana
centrosaurines were previously rare or poorly known from other regions of Laramidia.”
Fossil skull bones of Lokiceratops rangiformis
Image credit: Museum of Evolution in Maribo
The paleontologists discovered an associated skeleton of a mature individual of Lokiceratops rangiformis in 2019 in the Loki Quarry, which is part of the Judith River Formation
“The Loki Quarry producing the new specimen lies on private land in the badlands of Kennedy Coulee
north of the town of Rudyard in Hill County
Lokiceratops rangiformis had the largest frill horns ever seen on a horned dinosaur and lacks the nose horn that is characteristic among its kin
“This new dinosaur pushes the envelope on bizarre ceratopsian headgear
sporting the largest frill horns ever seen in a ceratopsian,” said Colorado State University paleontologist Joseph Sertich
“These skull ornaments are one of the keys to unlocking horned dinosaur diversity and demonstrate that evolutionary selection for showy displays contributed to the dizzying richness of Cretaceous ecosystems.”
“We think that the horns on these dinosaurs were analogous to what birds are doing with displays
They’re using them either for mate selection or species recognition.”
Lokiceratops rangiformis co-existed with three other centrosaurine dinosaurs (Wendiceratops pinhornensis
and Medusaceratops lokii) and one chasmosaurine (Judiceratops tigris)
“It’s unheard-of diversity to find five living together
similar to what you would see on the plains of East Africa today with different horned ungulates,” Dr
“Unlike the broad range of large wild mammals that roam the U.S
these ancient animals were geographically limited.”
“The discovery of Lokiceratops rangiformis provides evidence that these species evolved rapidly within a small area
“By the time Triceratops came onto the scene 12 million years later
regional differences had been homogenized into just two species of horned dinosaurs from Canada to Mexico — possibly in response to a more homogenous climate.”
“The study shows that dinosaur diversity has been underestimated and presents the most complete family tree of horned dinosaurs to date.”
“Lokiceratops rangiformis helps us understand that we only are scratching the surface when it comes to the diversity and relationships within the family tree of horned dinosaurs,” Professor Loewen said
The study was published online in the journal PeerJ
(Ceratopsidae: Centrosaurinae) from the Campanian Judith River Formation of Montana reveals rapid regional radiations and extreme endemism within centrosaurine dinosaurs
PeerJ 12: e17224; doi: 10.7717/peerj.17224
.st1{fill-rule:evenodd;clip-rule:evenodd;fill:#2a2a2a}By The Associated PressGoogle MapsA street view of the Ocean County Justice Complex, where the county jail is located.TOMS RIVER — An Ocean County corrections officer who stepped down amid a prostitution scandal is appealing a decision to get a disability pension
Jim Maribo claimed he retired on disability in October before a disciplinary hearing over whether Maribo had met with a prostitute that was previously held in the Ocean County Jail
A state pension board agreed with the county that the 43-year-old Brick resident wasn't eligible because he had resigned
The Asbury Park Press reports Maribo has asked the Administrative Law Office to overturn the ruling
making him eligible for an accidental disability pension of nearly $62,000 a year
Treasury Department spokesman Bill Quinn tells the newspaper the former guard otherwise would need to wait 16 years to collect his regular $31,197 pension
More Ocean County news
Volume 2 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fresc.2021.710410
This article is part of the Research TopicICF-Based Assessment and Documentation of Functioning and DisabilityView all 10 articles
COVID-19 can lead to a long-term loss of functioning
which may affect activities and participation in daily living in various ways
The extent and characteristics of post-COVID-19 persistent symptoms are currently being studied extensively worldwide
The purpose of this exploratory study is to explore functioning and rehabilitation needs among persons with self-reported disability following COVID-19
This mixed methods study is based on data from patient-reported outcome measures (PRO)
visual drawings and focus groups among persons with self-reported disability after having suffered from COVID-19
Tests of body functions targeted strength and endurance
Focus groups and visual drawings elaborated on how post COVID-19 persistent symptoms affected functioning
Data was collected in August and September 2020
Self-reported PRO data showed low quality of life and disability among the participants primarily related to fatigue
Tests of body functions showed low strength in lower extremities but otherwise no striking limitations on a group level
Analysis of the focus groups generated the following four themes: (1) Persistent symptoms
(2) Balancing activities in daily living with fluctuating symptoms
which included a need for directional guidance in order to regain functioning and unmet needs regarding further clinical assessment of persistent symptoms
referral to rehabilitation and returning to work
(4) Hope associated with the experiences of recovery - and for the future
This study highlights that persons with persistent symptoms after COVID-19 may experience a range of limitations in their daily living
This points toward a need for individual assessment and guidance to tailor relevant rehabilitation
The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak and pandemic has affected a large number of persons worldwide, and a significant number of persons have experienced different degrees of illness. In 2021 the number of confirmed infections with the virus, SARS-CoV-2, is still steadily rising counting nearly 150 million cases and over 3 million deaths at the end of April 2021 (1)
Healthcare systems worldwide have been struggling to adapt and manage both safety precautions and the treatment of many patients with an unknown life-threatening illness
rehabilitation of persons with post COVID-19 persistent symptoms has represented unexplored territory
It is thus necessary both to describe the type and frequency of typical disability and rehabilitation needs following COVID-19
and to understand persons' experience of COVID-19-related persistent symptoms in their daily living
This knowledge is required to tailor disease specific rehabilitation
Such knowledge can also create a basis to evaluate to which extent existing knowledge from other illnesses can be part of the foundation for post COVID-19 rehabilitation interventions
knowledge from different research methods must be used and combined: Quantitative methods can be used to describe the type and frequency of present disabilities and rehabilitation needs
Qualitative research methods can help us gain an in-depth understanding of the experience of COVID-19-related persistent symptoms in daily living
The purpose of the present exploratory study is to uncover functioning and rehabilitation needs among persons with self-reported disability following COVID-19
The study was conducted as an explorative mixed methods study of persons who were ill with COVID-19 during spring and summer of 2020. The study is based on a convergent parallel design, in which the quantitative and the qualitative data are collected and analyzed concurrently. The results are then related to each other and interpreted (11)
The quantitative data include both patient-reported outcome measures (PRO) and tests of body functions and the qualitative data consist of focus groups including visual drawings
Throughout this article, the ICF terminology is used according to the WHO standards (12)
The Danish Knowledge Center for Rehabilitation and Palliative Care
The center is organized and imbedded in both a University and hospital setting
Some of the research at REHPA is conducted in a research clinic
where study participants can stay during group-based courses with different research purposes
The study was carried out as part of the centre's efforts and research activities around COVID-19
The study participants participated in a course containing both clinical activities
such as physical training and workshops on dealing with symptoms
and research-related activities with focus on post-COVID-19 rehabilitation needs
Two courses of 4 days each were conducted in August and September 2020
The study participants were invited through various media and patient organizations
information about the study was available online on REHPA's website
and written information material was sent to hospitals who were in contact with COVID-19 patients
The participants were referred by a general practitioner or hospital physician through a referral form with medical information about the course of illness
the participants completed a personal electronic application form and gave their written consent to participate in the study
A steering committee and an advisory group were set up to ensure quality in the COVID-19 studies at REHPA
The steering committee primarily contributed with guidance on the direction and aims of the studies
The advisory group primarily contributed with knowledge that ensured the quality of specific methods
The groups included researchers and clinicians as well as persons with post COVID-19 persistent symptoms
The research clinic had 10 men and 14 women referred of whom two withdrew their referral as they no longer experienced symptoms and two did not meet the inclusion criteria leaving 20 persons in the study
Persons who had suffered from COVID-19 and had self-perceived rehabilitation needs were included in the study
only persons who had been hospitalized with COVID-19 were included
as the growing experience with COVID-19 indicated that persons
we expanded the inclusion criteria to also include persons who had not been hospitalized in the second course
Participants had to be able to care for themselves regarding hygiene
It was prioritized to include corresponding to an equal gender distribution
this selection was made in order to assemble a diverse group
tests of body functions and focus groups including visual drawings
The PRO data were collected before the participants arrived at the research clinic
Electronic questionnaires were sent out 3 weeks before the rehabilitation course
PRO measures included The Post COVID-19 Functional Status Scale (PCFS) and the REHPA scale as measures of disability
and the EuroQoL 5-dimensions 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) scale as a measure of quality of life
Sociodemographic information and information about the specific course of illness were included in the electronic questionnaires
The REHPA Scale of Rehabilitation needs is inspired by the National Comprehensive Cancer Networks Distress Thermometer and Problem List (13) and developed at Dallund Rehabilitation center (14)
It is used widely in cancer rehabilitation in Denmark but is not validated
The REHPA scale consists of a numeric ranking scale from 0 to 10
on which higher scores symbolize being far from living the life the participants wish and are able to live following COVID-19
participants mark self-perceived causes of their loss of functioning on a 84 item list within the overarching areas Practical issues
Physical issues and Spiritual or religious issues
The participants mark the items they perceive being the ones preventing them from living life as they wish
PCFS is an ordinal COVID-19 specific status scale used to measure the impact of disability within activity and participation in regards to daily living. This scale does not differentiate between underlying causes (15)
Higher score indicates greater degree of restrictions
The EQ-5D-5L includes a visual analog scale, on which participants indicate their self-rated health (16)
where 100 equals the best imaginable health
the EQ-5D-5L has five descriptive dimensions: Mobility
Each dimension has five levels ranging from no problems to extreme problems
The present study included the 6-min walk test (6 MWT)
the 30-s Sit-To-Stand test (30s-STS) and test of hand grip strength (HGS) measured with dynamometer
The 6 MWT measures the distance (6 MWD) in meters as an indirect surrogate measure of endurance
The HGS test measures isometric grip strength (in kilograms) as a surrogate measure of strength in the upper extremities
The 30 s-STS measures the number of times a person can rise from sitting position in 30 s as a surrogate measure of strength in the lower extremities (19, 20). In addition, height and weight was measured in order to calculate reference values for 6 MWT (21)
Four focus groups were facilitated by the first author of this article (TBA) (22)
TBA and last author developed the interview guide
The guide contained instructions for the interviewer on how to introduce the group session
The questions in the guide focused on facilitating dialogues about impairments and disability during and after COVID-19 with questions regarding:
- Thoughts and experiences on how rehabilitation could bring the wished life within reach
The focus groups contained between 4 and 6 participants where the participants were divided so each group contained both men and women
The drawings were the starting point for the dialogue in the focus group
PRO data and results from the tests of body functions were analyzed descriptively
Categorical data are presented as numbers and percentages
Continuous variables are presented as medians showing interquartile ranges (IQR) and the total range of scores
Tests of body functions were divided into gender groups
Data is only shown for subgroups larger than five participants to ensure anonymity
This meant that several subcategories on the items concerning education
occupation and month of diagnosis had to be merged
All focus groups were recorded and transcripts formed the data for analysis. Thematic analysis, with a focus on meaning and participants' experiences, was conducted by TBA (25)
The transcripts were coded and divided into overarching themes and sub-themes to identify patterns in the participants' dialogues
Transcripts were worked through several times in order to compare the data
Themes and subthemes were listed and paired with quotes from across the transcripts
All participants received oral and written information and gave written informed consent to participate
The study was approved and registered by the Region of Southern Denmark: Journal no
20/30702.The REHPA-database was approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency and approved and registered by the Region of Southern Denmark: Journal no
The Regional Committee on Health Research Ethics for Southern Denmark assessed that the study was not notifiable: Case number 20202000
Of the 20 participants, 55% were women. The majority (80%) had been diagnosed with COVID-19 in March and April 2020. Additional sociodemographic characteristics of participants are presented in Table 1
Participants' PRO-data are presented in Tables 2, 3. Participants reported a range of physical-, psychological- and work- and school related issues as frequent causes to loss of functioning (Table 2). The median score on the PCFS and the EQ-5D-5L were 2 and 60, respectively (Table 3). Tests of body functions are presented in Table 4
To differentiate the results these are categorized into gender groups
REHPA scale of rehabilitation needs (N = 19)
Scales of functioning and health related quality of life (N = 20)
The visual drawings were the starting point for the dialogues in the focus groups
One participant did not complete the drawing task
but all 20 participated in the following discussion
When they reflected on the course of the illness, the participants highlighted the following body functions and symptoms on their drawings as the ones that represented limitations in their daily living: concentration (attention), memory, dyspnoea (respiration functions), lack of energy and drive, fatigue and persistent headache. Figure 1 gives an overview of the symptoms that the participants drew on their timeline
which covered both the acute phase and present time
Overview of symptoms marked on the timeline drawings in the focus groups (N = 19)
* <5 participants experienced these symptoms in both “acute phase” and “today.” ** <5 participants experienced these symptoms in “acute phase.” *** <5 participants also experienced these symptoms “today.”
The participants referred to their drawings in their dialogue with each other. When interacting with each other in the focus group, several participants recognized symptoms, which they had not inserted in their drawings in the beginning. These symptoms were not added to the drawings (Figure 1)
The thematic analysis of the focus groups generated the following themes: Persistent symptoms
The participants described how some of the symptoms they had experienced during their course of illness had never subsided
The symptoms that were widely represented in their dialogues were problems with concentration and memory
One participant described how lack of energy and drive particularly affected the ability to engage in activities that usually would not be difficult to perform such as hanging clothes from the washing machine or cooking dinner:
I catch myself in sitting down on a chair or in my sofa all the time or (pauses)
fatigue was highlighted as a substantial impairment
One participant described this as being the primary obstacle in the path of regaining functioning:
“Right now it is my main problem preventing me from getting my life back
What is preventing me from getting back to work is fatigue
fatigue and fatigue.” (Participant FG1)
Another participant elaborated on how the fatigue could be provoked in different ways and how this put up limits for activities:
watch a movie - or when I look too much at the mobile phone or computer screen
So it is not only the physical activity that aggravates… what is it called… my symptoms
my daily activities are very limited because I simply do not dare to exert myself or exceed the limit
and it typically comes late in the evening or the day after.” (Participant FG1)
The participants also elaborated on how problems with memory and concentration affected their ability in regards to both activities and participation especially in regards to planning activities and executing them
One participant described how planning ordinary activities had become unmanageable to the extent that it results in a large amount of small tasks not being done:
“And then I stand in the garden looking at the same weed as yesterday
and can't get it done” (Participant FG3)
Another participant described how the execution of activities could be affected by disturbances in the surroundings
The participant elaborated on how engaging in more than one activity at a time made it very difficult to concentrate:
“I can't do two things at once
I can't listen to television and crochet at the same time
Then I might as well sit in a carousel.” (Participant FG4)
several participants also struggled with persistent headaches that affected their ability to concentrate and participate in daily activities:
“There are many things which just make the headache worse
I cannot sit in front of a computer screen
it has been really difficult for me to drive a car and to go shopping
the headache just shuts down my eyes.” (Participant FG4)
The focus groups illuminated participants' experience of constantly balancing the amount and the type of activities to avoid aggravating symptoms
They felt that their symptoms and level of disability fluctuated
They had experienced these fluctuations repeatedly and they connected them to specific activities or to exceeding a limit of tolerance
and they only knew it had been exceeded when their symptoms worsened
the chest pain and headache can also return
I felt like.it made me think: “now it really hurts
am I having a heart attack?””
The participants described that they worried about doing too much
because they had experienced being “punished” by doing too much too fast
Several used the term “dare to” about how they refrained from certain activities or from pushing themselves further toward resuming activities
For a long period of time it has been like having to walk on that rocking ground
You had to constantly assess - you have to be careful all the time; what should I throw myself into
What do I dare to throw myself into?” (Participant FG4)
This problem was described by several of the participants in regards to activities and participation related to social activities
activities in the household and fitness activities
the participants described themselves in need of guidance to proceed toward their goals
They had a clear picture of what they would like to accomplish but sought specific tools to get there
Uncertainty had emerged from the experience of exceeding limits that aggravated their symptoms
and they were unsure about what to do in different situations
A participant described this uncertainty in regards to resuming physical activity
this participant was used to engage in running and exercising
the participant experienced symptoms during and after the activities that prevented further progression:
“We need help to draw a picture of where is it going wrong
What should your weekly schedule look like
And how can you increase activities next week?”
Another participant described that it is not an issue of identifying goals but rather an issue of not knowing how to reach them:
I need someone to help me set the sub-goals I need to proceed.” (Participant FG2)
A participant added to this that access to specific counseling had been scarce
due to a general lack of knowledge about COVID-19
The participants did not blame the healthcare professionals for this
but described the lack of knowledge as an obstacle in their rehabilitation process:
it doesn't matter where you turn.” (Participant FG3)
The participants described how these experiences left them powerless
They wished for further clinical assessment and referral to rehabilitation
Some participants described the experience of not getting any better and at the same time struggling to find someone that can help
the participants experienced being rejected when they tried to contact the health care system
one participant described having tried to get help from municipal rehabilitation professionals several times
The participant experienced that there was no clear way into municipal interventions
Stories from other persons with post COVID-19 symptoms who had been offered rehabilitation interventions in other municipalities intensified the participants' frustration:
I have soon done it (rehabilitation ed.) myself
but it might have been shortened quite a lot if I had been helped a few months ago
And I think this is a big problem - and I also sense it is different from municipality to municipality
Despite the difficulties and impairments that the participants were struggling with
their dialogues also reflected hope for the future
This hope was related to how they pictured their lives
The participants related this to wishing for the best and to specific feelings and experiences of regaining abilities
“I take one day at a time and hope for the best
You will get through it and you will manage
They described how the experience of regaining their abilities step by step gave them energy and courage to continue
I'm not lying on the couch all day.” (Participant FG1)
The participants also described that feeling the effect of physical training gave hope and motivation
their hope was related to the plans they made before they were ill
For some participants this hope was also related to being able to resume or leave work life and still being perceived as an esteemed employee and colleague
The present study examined functioning and rehabilitation needs among individuals with self-reported disability following COVID-19
tests of body functions and focus groups with visual drawings
The quantitative data showed substantial rehabilitation needs among the participants
breathing and concentration were reported as the primary causes of loss of functioning
decreased muscle strength and muscle- and joint pain were prevalently reported
The participants also showed low health related quality of life (Median EQ-5D-5L: 60)
There was a large variation on the scales indicating that the degree of rehabilitation needs and quality of life varied within the group
The tests of body functions showed an overall performance as could be expected in healthy persons in the same age range, with the exception of the 30 s-STS where the median is lower than expected (20)
the participants described that persistent symptoms affected their daily lives including concentration
and the participants attributed fluctuations to specific activities or to having exceeded their own limits
they tried to adjust their activities to avoid aggravating symptoms
The participants further expressed a need for guidance to meet their rehabilitation goals
they experienced that their wishes for knowledge
clinical assessment and referral to rehabilitation were not met
This left them with a feeling of powerlessness
the participants' dialogues reflected hope for the future
This hope was both related to how they pictured their lives and to experiences of functions
the themes from the focus groups to some extent fit in to the following categories:
particularly in regards to categories within body functions: concentration (b140)
Theme 2) Balancing activities in daily living with fluctuating symptoms relates to the described persistent symptoms as well as individual environmental- and personal factors among the participants
Theme 3) Uncertainty and Powerlessness included a need for directional guidance in order to regain functioning and unmet needs regarding further clinical assessment of persistent symptoms
This theme refers to both environmental- and personal factors
Imbedded in this theme is the need for support (e355 Health professionals)
Theme 4) Hope included the experiences of recovery and hope for the future
which both refers to personal factors and to individual mental functions (e.g.
Both the quantitative and the qualitative data supported that persons who experience persistent symptoms in the aftermath of COVID-19 struggle with a variety of different symptoms and impairments
which may affect quality of life and functioning
The PCFS and the REHPA Scale both revealed that the participants had rehabilitation needs regarding regaining functioning and that their quality of life may be affected
This could indicate that the chosen tests of body functions were not sensitive enough or did not target the correct issue
Approximately 40% of the participants indicated difficulties with mobility (EQ-5D-5L) and rehabilitation needs related to balance
decreased muscle strength and muscle- and joint pain (REHPA scale) but the tests of body functions do not reflect difficulties to this extent
The tests of strength and endurance reflect that the primary causes for limitations in this group may lie within other areas of body functions
lack of energy and drive and fatigue are the primary symptoms highlighted which echoes the REHPA scale and the themes from the focus groups
The highlighted symptoms on the drawings are very much consistent with similar studies (4, 23)
Interestingly dyspnoea is an issue that is not reflected in tests of endurance or in the main themes in the focus groups
although it is prominent in both the visual drawings and on the REHPA scale
dyspnoea is present but very sparsely addressed as a symptom that affects daily living
It is highlighted in the focus groups that the participants struggle to balance their persistent symptoms to avoid aggravating them
they are directing a large amount of their focus in this direction
This indicates a possible cause to why dyspnoea is not more prominent in the participants' dialogues
The participants acknowledge that dyspnoea is present—but this symptom and how it affects daily living might simply not be the main problem when balancing other persistent symptoms
some participants presented with significant limitations in tests of body functions
Although these limitations seen in tests of body functions are not prominent among the main themes in the focus groups they could still be highly relevant to investigate clinically also for the purpose of tailoring individual rehabilitation interventions
From themes in the focus groups, it is also clear that access to professional guidance on how to set goals for their rehabilitation and proceed with specific interventions is crucial for the participants. The participants' experience of need for professional guidance is in line with findings from recent studies (5, 7, 28, 29)
Since data for this study was collected, knowledge on post COVID-19 persistent symptoms has steadily increased. In alignment with our study it is firmly stated, that persons who experience persistent symptoms present with a very broad spectrum of symptoms (4, 23)
The mixed methods design allowed us to examine functioning and disability from different perspectives
While the quantitative data provided information on rehabilitation needs
the qualitative data contributed with rich descriptions of functioning in daily living
studies from large population- and disease groups were available for comparison of tests of body functions
which need to be taken into account when interpreting the findings
in regards to drawing strong statistical conclusions on the quantitative data from the study
a larger population would have been preferable
tests of body functions and qualitative data
the study enhances and deepens our understanding of functioning and rehabilitation needs after COVID-19
participants may not be representative of the larger population of persons with persistent symptoms after COVID-19: The referral and application procedure may have introduced selection bias
There may also be a healthy volunteer bias
persons applying for the rehabilitation course may be those with less COVID-19 persistent symptoms
all participants in this study present with self-perceived rehabilitation needs
and the study likely contributes to a picture of what clinicians are facing when working with persons with post COVID-19 persistent symptoms
the interaction in the focus groups may have drawn participants' attention to a selection of prominent symptoms
if some participants did not get the opportunity to highlight other symptoms and themes e.g.
those regarding symptoms that the other participants did not experience
Individual interviews could have given each participant greater opportunity to elaborate on individual perspectives
probing questions were used to assure that participants had the opportunity to mention all relevant issues
This study highlights that persons with persistent symptoms after COVID-19 may experience a range of symptoms and limitations in their daily living
This points toward a need for individual assessment and guidance to help persons with persistent symptoms regain functioning or cope with possible disability in daily activities and participation
Professional guidance could also support persons with persistent symptoms in dealing with feelings of uncertainty and powerlessness and support hope and goalsetting in the rehabilitation process
Guidelines on how to conduct evidence-based post COVID-19 rehabilitation interventions have emerged over the course of the pandemic (2, 8, 17)
and the present study contributes to this knowledge base by pointing to elements that interventions can include to target the rehabilitation needs of their patients
it would be important to address coping with the common symptoms fatigue
the study results point to the importance of an individual approach to rehabilitation
as patients may present with a wide range of symptoms
This calls for a specialized approach based on systematic screening procedures addressing a broad spectrum of potential impairments
This study also indicates that it would be relevant to include components within the mental functions in examining body functions
When referring people with persistent symptoms after COVID-19 to relevant rehabilitation interventions scales to assess specific rehabilitation needs might be useful for the professionals involved
The scales used in this study represent possible assessment tools that could be used as initial guidance for professionals to prepare and tailor further individual assessments and interventions
Further research could preferably elaborate on the mechanisms behind COVID-19 persistent symptoms and in more detail examine impairment of mental functions and how these can be assessed
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors
Note that all qualitative data are only available in Danish
The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by The Regional Committee on Health Research Ethics for Southern Denmark: Case number 20202000
The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study
TB: data collection and analysis and manuscript writing
and NR interpretation and manuscript revisions
All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations
Any product that may be evaluated in this article
or claim that may be made by its manufacturer
is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher
Physiotherapist Anita Schøler and Physiotherapist Agnete Geismar Haarder for their contributions to the project's Steering Committee and Advisory Group
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Received: 16 May 2021; Accepted: 26 July 2021; Published: 31 August 2021
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distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted
provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited
in accordance with accepted academic practice
distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms
*Correspondence: Tina Backmann, dGluYS5icmVtaG9sbS5iYWNrbWFubkByc3lkLmRr
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The process was guided according to the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI's) scoping review methodology. Four databases were searched. All types of peer-reviewed studies on any target group and rehabilitation setting, with any affiliation to a Danish institution, were eligible to be included. Studies referring to population and the type of design were categorized. Institutions were counted as Danish first authorship.
The search revealed 3,100 studies, and following screening 1,779 were included. A total of 24 broad study groups were identified, mostly diagnosis-based health conditions. Musculoskeletal, cancer, and cardiac had 342, 228, and 174 studies, respectively. A total of 1,545 had a Danish first authorship, most of the Danish publications came from hospitals (56.6%) and universities (28.4%). The publication trend showed an almost linear development, with a 10–15% increase during the period.
https://osf.io/, identifier [10.17605/OSF.IO/2AENX].
Strengthening Rehabilitation in Health Systems
Volume 3 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fresc.2022.849216
The demand for rehabilitation has increased
a rehabilitative health strategy receives less attention than treatment
who are the target groups and who contributes to rehabilitation research is deficient
We did not find any reviews mapping rehabilitation research regarding the research questions
The objective was to identify and synthesize existing scientific evidence on rehabilitation research published by Danish institutions between 2001 and 2021
The research questions to be explored were: Among which study groups has rehabilitation research been published?
Which types of studies on rehabilitation have been published?
Which institutions have been involved in rehabilitation research
Methods: The process was guided according to the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI's) scoping review methodology
All types of peer-reviewed studies on any target group and rehabilitation setting
with any affiliation to a Danish institution
Studies referring to population and the type of design were categorized
Institutions were counted as Danish first authorship
Results: The search revealed 3,100 studies
and following screening 1,779 were included
A total of 24 broad study groups were identified
A total of 1,545 had a Danish first authorship
most of the Danish publications came from hospitals (56.6%) and universities (28.4%)
The publication trend showed an almost linear development
with a 10–15% increase during the period
Conclusion: Following screening 1,779 studies were included involving 24 broad study groups
Most categories were diagnosis-based; musculoskeletal
and cardiac health conditions encompassed most studies
The majority (87%) of studies had a Danish first authorship
The majority of first affiliations were among hospitals followed by universities
A few municipalities were presented although they are yet to have research responsibility
Publication trends showed an increase primarily from 2013
Systematic Review Registration: https://osf.io/
Rehabilitation has been identified by the WHO as an essential health strategy alongside promotion, prevention, treatment, and palliative care (1). However, internationally, the rehabilitative health strategy has received less attention among health policymakers (2) although the need for rehabilitation measures is increasing. Recently, it has been estimated that more than 2 billion people worldwide are in need of rehabilitation (3)
The term rehabilitation is heterogeneously used in health contexts, as well as in education, law, and engineering (4). Functioning can be considered as the lived experience of health (5)
Since the launch of WHO's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) in 2001 (6), other definitions have been introduced, e.g., rehabilitation as a process, as a set of interventions, and as a health strategy (4, 7). Thus, there is no international consensus on rehabilitation or the constituent elements (4, 8)
This may be the reason why knowledge of what is being researched
who the target groups are and who contributes to rehabilitation research is scarce
We did not find reviews mapping rehabilitation research
this scoping review investigates which types of rehabilitation studies were performed
Further, rehabilitation as a field and a professional discipline has developed and has been integrated in formal education, and different knowledge perspectives have been developed. A Danish “white paper” was published in 2004 (20)
The phenomena are internationally relevant
but the objective of this scoping review was limited to identifying and synthesizing existing rehabilitation research published by Danish institutions (practitioners and researchers) between 2001 and 2021
The aim was a mapping of the available literature on the range of any type of rehabilitation research provided among any groups
Among which study groups has rehabilitation research been published
Which types of studies on rehabilitation research have been published
Which Danish institutions have been involved in rehabilitation research
The process was guided according to the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI's) model (21, 22). Furthermore, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) reporting guideline and checklist were included (23)
A priori protocol was registered in the OSF: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/2AENX
Peer-reviewed primary and secondary studies on rehabilitation in English or Danish with an affiliation to DK were eligible
The context was open and encompassed all rehabilitation approaches and settings
including international cooperation on rehabilitation guidelines (involving Danish institutions)
the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
and Epistemonikos were searched for other scoping reviews on the topic rehabilitation
We identified relevant studies by searching: PubMed (PubMed)
and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) (EBSCOhost) for peer-reviewed articles
The search period was from the introduction of the ICF January 1
The design and refining of the search and use of Covidence© for data mapping were qualified by the input of a research librarian having experience in the topic. The complete search strategy is available in Appendix 1
The search results were transferred into the platform
Two authors (AM and JF) independently screened titles and abstracts (Level 1); disagreements were solved by a consensus
All primary studies (quantitative and qualitative) and secondary studies (reviews
Papers examining rehabilitation were identified without restrictions on the type of design
the sources of information were open regarding concept and context to allow for any types of peer-reviewed and published evidence
The term “Rehab” should be included in the title or abstract to make a study eligible
the inclusion criteria stated that at least one author should be affiliated in a Danish context (research
or rehabilitation setting geographically located in DK)
Exclusion criteria included study protocols, non-Danish authorship, non-Danish study population, conference abstracts, book chapters, thesis, letters, and websites. The second screening (Level 2) was performed by two independent reviewers (AM and JF); disagreement was resolved by the third reviewer (TM). The selection process was recorded in a PRISMA flow diagram (24)
and accuracy was checked by a second reviewer
The included studies were categorized with two separate tags referring to population and the type of design
The categories included broad groups of health conditions
Studies were included in the elderly category if the title stated elderly participants despite their health condition
Studies were included in mixed population if the title or abstract stated that participants had two diseases or more
the category “other” included diseases
the “other” studies were subdivided before an analysis into new groups: biomechanical aspects
The cardiac group was further categorized into cardiac and stroke
two groups were categorized as people on sickness absence in vocational rehabilitation and healthcare professionals (HCPs)
HCPs were the only group representing professionals
were categorized according to the health condition among the rehabilitees
Categories of study design were inspired by the Cochrane Handbook (quantitative/qualitative secondary and primary studies) (25)
The studies were sorted into primary and secondary study types and then subdivided
Four secondary study types were identified: review
a systematic review (including qualitative and quantitative data)
Nine primary study types were identified: RCT
survey (prospective and longitudinal questionnaire)
the design type validation (cohort studies/RCTs regarding instruments) was added as a category
All studies' affiliations were recorded in an excel spreadsheet in relation to the category of the first author (Danish/non-Danish)
Studies were included in the count of institutions involved based on the primary affiliation for the first author
As presented in Figure 1
the database searches resulted in 2,640 studies after duplicates were removed
2,190 studies were assessed for eligibility in Level 2
and 411 of these were excluded based on inclusion criteria
Figure 1. Flow diagram of studies. Modified from Page et al. (24)
Thus, 1,779 studies were found eligible to be included for the final data extraction. The summation of rehabilitation research among study groups and study designs is provided in Table 1
After screening, a total of 24 broad study groups were identified (Table 1). The majority of study groups were health conditions, such as brain injury, cancer, cardiac; whereas somewere based on other criteria: elderly, substance abuse, refugees/torture, sport, sickness absentees, and HCPs. The characteristics of participants in study groups are provided in Table 2
The largest groups were MSD, cancer, and cardiac with 342, 228, and 174 studies, respectively. Cardiac and stroke represented 15.2% of the total number of studies, Figure 2 shows the proportion of study groups included
MSD included a number of common health conditions
The secondary and primary studies were further categorized; Figure 3 shows the proportion of types of design
Only 10% of all study types were secondary studies
most prevalent of these were systematic reviews and reviews
A total of 34 secondary studies were published in cardiac and stroke
and intensive care only had 1 secondary study each
There were only qualitative meta-syntheses published in cancer
A total of 1,545 (87%) of the included studies had a first author with a primary Danish affiliation. The primary authors providing evidence represented all Danish universities except one (IT University of Copenhagen), public hospitals from all hospital regions, all university colleges, 4 out of 98 municipalities, all relevant national and regional institutions, 15 private clinics, and 5 private companies (Figure 4)
Different institutions contributed a similar amount of research among the groups
the qualitative studies exploring HCPs' perspectives were primarily affiliated to universities and hospitals
Hospitals were the largest contributors to rehabilitation research with a total number of affiliations at 57% of all institutions
were categorized as belonging to the hospital
A further 2% was research affiliated to non-profit and tax-financed specialized institutions
and The Danish Rheumatism Association's specialized rehabilitation center Sano
Universities contributed the second highest number of affiliations (28%), followed by national research institutions (5%) (Figure 4)
University colleges and private companies contributed 4 and 2%
The smallest contributor of affiliations counted was from municipalities at 1%
the University of Southern Denmark was the largest affiliation contributor followed by Copenhagen University
Capital Region of DK was the largest contributor followed by Central DK Region
National Research Center for the Working Environment was the largest contributor with 30 affiliations followed by the Danish Cancer Society Research Center with 22 and Danish Knowledge Center for Rehabilitation and Palliative Care with 14
Central DK Region was the largest contributor with 20 publications followed by the Department of Social Medicine
As the studies with no Danish first author were not counted
a subgroup analysis between the two groups was done to qualify the counted number between study groups
20% of 109 studies in the elderly group and only 4 (12%) of 33 studies in the mental/cognitive group have a Danish co-author
Rehabilitation services and research have developed due to epidemiological, political-administrative, and institutional changes. An analysis of publication year revealed only 17 studies published in 2001, increasing to 239 publications in 2020 (Figure 5)
Publication trends show an almost linear development with a 10% yearly increase from 2001 to 2012
This scoping review provides the most comprehensive mapping to date of the available published literature on rehabilitation research conducted in Danish contexts gathered over a 20-year period regarding study groups
A total of 1,779 studies included 24 broad study groups representing types of health conditions and other categories
and substance abuse had a remarkably small number of studies (below 10) considering the prevalence of these groups
The majority of designs were cohort studies
but all types of study designs were found in most groups
One in ten were secondary studies; however
the number of qualitative secondary studies was sparse
During the 20-year period, an increase in the number of studies is remarkable, especially from 2013. The university colleges' approval for research in 2014, starting three quarters into the time period studied, may reflect this fact. However, this follows the international publication trend for rehabilitation studies searched by PubMed (27)
an estimation of 276 studies is to be published in 2021
Another limitation may be our selection of databases within the fields of healthcare
Scoping reviews do not consider the quality of the included studies
The total number of studies was an overestimation as several studies had almost the same title
PhD students and other authors were counted with several publications on the same study population/topic/other design
In relation to some neurological diseases e.g., spinal cord injury, the practice in hospitals over the last 30 years has been to merge rehabilitation with treatment from day 1. However, the definitions of rehabilitation during the studied time period may have caused the underestimation of included studies, e.g., among the groups neurological diseases and psychiatry (4, 7)
some studies were categorized in “biomedical aspects,” e.g.
studies regarding effects on body functions and activities by the modulation of the nervous system by technical or medical means without naming it “rehabilitation.” With significant global demand for rehabilitation
it is crucial that research aimed at functioning actually is called rehabilitation research
These reviews also found that studies among persons with MSD were the largest group represented, whereas other authors found a majority of studies not related to a specific health condition (14). The difficulties regarding the categorization of rehabilitation interventions and groups are well-described (8, 33)
The design categories were based on the Cochrane Handbook (25); however
surveys and cross-sectional cohort studies
RCTs were included in the secondary group if two RCTs were included
The method chosen for counting affiliations could have changed the number of Danish institutions involved
The subanalysis revealed that studies with Danish first authorship most often also had a Danish last author
Misclassification/choice of categories during data extraction may have overestimated and underestimated the number of studies in certain study groups. We found only a small number of studies on diabetes and rheumatic disease. Studies may have been classified in the elderly group or mixed group as the prevalence of both diabetes and rheumatic diseases increases with age (34), and diabetes is also highly associated with multimorbidity (15)
the category elderly included typical diagnoses related to age
a few studies on rheumatic disease have been classified as the MSD group
Mental/cognitive group studies included persons with psychiatric diagnoses, which could have been a separate group. However, only seven studies (five schizophrenia, one anorexia, and one pervasive refusal syndrome) were included in a group where other studies found a higher proportion (14)
Studies among people with dementia could have been categorized in either elderly or neurologic diseases
Future research should use common categorizes regarding the populations and categories from the global review (3)
there is a need for further well-conducted rehabilitation research
the exploration of prevalent public health issues
such as persons living with diabetes and overweight health conditions in the need for rehabilitation
The study designs illustrate the context; thus
most research was affiliated to hospitals with studies representing a typical hierarchy of design
all design types are needed in rehabilitation research
therefore more action research and case studies could be relevant as these include contextual factors and participation outcomes to a higher extent
Regarding the choice of relevant outcomes, functioning “is the ultimate objective of rehabilitation, regardless of who the beneficiary is, who delivers it, or the context in which rehabilitation is delivered” (3)
The findings lead to a number of relevant issues to explore in future research: Have the aims of rehabilitation changed over time
Do studies explore costs in relation to society
1,779 studies involving 24 broad study groups were included
The categories were mostly diagnosis-based; MSD
and private Danish institutions were identified
The majority of affiliations counted were among hospitals followed by universities
A few municipalities were represented although they are not yet approved to conduct research
Publication trends showed an increase in studies primarily from 2013
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material
further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author
A-MHM and JF contributed to review method design
and wrote the first draft of this manuscript
and JT and CN contributed for data extraction and analysis
and CN contributed to a critically revision of the manuscript
This research was supported by the VELUX-FONDEN
A-MHM and JF report receiving a grant from VELUX to conduct this review
representing a range of educational and rehabilitation institutions to meet once and inform the interpretation of results
and Hanne Kaae Kristensen for their contributions
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fresc.2022.849216/full#supplementary-material
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Thuesen J and Maribo T (2022) Rehabilitation Research in Denmark Between 2001 and 2020: A Scoping Review
Received: 05 January 2022; Accepted: 07 February 2022; Published: 10 March 2022
Copyright © 2022 Momsen, Fox, Nielsen, Thuesen and Maribo. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)
*Correspondence: Anne-Mette Hedeager Momsen, YW5uZS1tZXR0ZS5tb21zZW5Acm0uZGs=
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations
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1/18Friday night football: Brick Memorial defeats Brick Township.st1{fill-rule:evenodd;clip-rule:evenodd;fill:#2a2a2a}By Greg Patuto | For NJ Advance MediaWhen two rivals get together
throw the records and history books out the window
Add some rain and a mud-soaked and the stage is set
Brick Township traveled just 4.2 miles up the road and was 48 seconds away from handing Brick Memorial its first loss of the season
Brick Township got the ball back late after Connor Dietz threw an interception to Gavin Maffei on fourth down
The Dragons opted to run the ball since Brick Memorial was equipped with all three timeouts
Trey Tallmadge was able to strip the ball away
he was in the end zone to give Brick Memorial a 19-14 lead
“We got a great middle linebacker in Trey Tallmadge that does great things out there,” Maribo said
“He hit that ball out and I saw it in front me
My first reaction was to pick that thing up and run it back.”
The Mustangs 19-14 win in Brick improved them to 9-0 on the season and this is the first time they have reached that mark in program history
Brick Memorial also clinched the Independent division title in the Shore Conference
“I’m grateful,” Brick Memorial head coach Walt Currie said
“I’m grateful that our team for to experience a game like this and a regular season like this
The Mustangs held two separate leads on touchdowns by Dietz
The senior finished with 172 rushing yards and two touchdowns
“Protecting the football is one of our keys every single week,” Currie said
We had some bad snaps but we were able to figure that out
we were able to maintain possession so they didn’t get short fields
When the Mustangs (9-0) attempted to pull away
Dietz scored his first of the night in the first quarter
The Dragons tied the game on a 48-yard touchdown pass from Christian Booker to Germaine Rice
Dietz scored his second touchdown on the ground but the extra point was missed
This allowed Brick Township to take a 14-13 lead on a Jacob Toye one-yard run
Brick Township’s defense made a play when it needed to halt the Mustang’s final drive and Maribo would do the same
“Our coaches tell us no excuses,” Maribo said
We came out here and worked our tails off for four quarters
Brick Township had come into Friday night winners of nine of the last 10 meetings between these two teams
The Mustangs knew what this game meant for both sides and put on a show for a packed house
“It’s awesome for the community and especially when it can be played like this,” Currie said
“Both sides did a great job in terms of playing clean
Sometimes these rivalries can get chippy and it didn’t
Everyone played hard and I thought the crowds were great on both sides.”
Brick Memorial will now enter the NJSIAA South Group 4 playoffs with an unblemished record
A loss right before the postseason was not in their plans and now
the Mustangs are riding high into the most important time of the year
“It would hurt to get a loss right before states,” Maribo said
It gets us a lot of momentum heading into the state playoffs and I think it can be a long run for us
I’m excited and we’re all excited for what’s next.”
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.st1{fill-rule:evenodd;clip-rule:evenodd;fill:#2a2a2a}By PJ Potter | NJ Advance Media for NJ.comCheck out the lists below to see the overall stat leaders for the 2024 season in the Shore Conference in eight statistical categories: strikeouts
Editor’s note: Leaders listed in this post are based on stats reported by coaches directly into our stats database, which we also used to make assessments for weekly and postseason honors. NJ.com staff was not responsible for inputting statistical information aside from games we may have covered in person
If you believe someone has not been properly included in these lists
the omission is likely because stats were not reported by that deadline
Please contact your team’s coach and/or athletic director if you believe someone has been left out
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PJ Potter may be reached at PPotter@njadvancemedia.com
Today's print edition
Home Delivery
Onto a small, desk-sized counter by the street window, Kamekichi Fujiwara slaps down a ball of dough and starts rolling. The 86-year-old owner of Tony’s Pizza in western Tokyo’s Kichijoji neighborhood kneads away until the lump — a mix of yeast and high-protein ōshon flour commonly used to make chewy
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“I’m probably the only one in Japan who doesn’t use a floured board,” Fujiwara says
dry flour sucks out the taste and moisture from the dough
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A new species of dinosaur discovered in Montana and related to Triceratops had one of the strangest
most asymmetrical skulls that scientists have ever studied
By James Woodford
Artist’s impression of Lokiceratops encountering a crocodilian in the 78-million-year-old swamps of northern Montana
©Andrey Atuchin for the Museum of Evolution in Maribo
A newly discovered relative of Triceratops had a unique array of head ornaments
including the largest frill horns ever seen on a horned dinosaur
The fossil remains of the dinosaur were found in 2019 on private property near the US/Canada border in Montana
They were purchased by the Museum of Evolution in Denmark
Read more
Largest ever animal may have been Triassic ichthyosaur super-predator
It is thought that the creature lived around 78 million years ago and would have been about 6.7 metres long
had two long horns at the front of its head as well as three main horns on the frill at the back of its head
broad and curving in a scimitar-like shape
They were probably used for display rather than defence, says Joseph Sertich at Colorado State University
and measured more than 60 centimetres long on their outer curve
Lokiceratops had the largest frill horns ever seen,” says Sertich
about 12 million years before its most famous relative Triceratops
its home in what is now the western part of North America was an island continent named Laramidia
Several other dinosaurs from the Ceratopsid family have been found in the same fossil assemblage
“This is the first interval where five horned dinosaurs have been found living at the same place and time,” says Sertich
Mark Loewen at the University of Utah coined the name of the fossil after the Norse god Loki because its permanent home is now Denmark
refers to the resemblance between the dinosaur’s asymmetric middle-frill horns and the asymmetric front tines
“Many modern deer have asymmetrical antlers,” says Loewen
“We also know that asymmetry is not uncommon in horned dinosaurs
Erich Fitzgerald at Museums Victoria in Melbourne
says the discovery reveals the extraordinary biodiversity of the Ceratopsid dinosaurs that evolved in the Late Cretaceous epoch of western North America
“This research really accentuates the difference between the rich-horned dinosaur fauna of 80 to 70 million years ago
some 66 to 68 million years ago – when Triceratops dominated a lower-diversity fauna of horned behemoths,” says Fitzgerald
PeerJ DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17224
Allego has expanded its partnership with the Van der Valk hotel chain and will install 120 new fast chargers at more than 50 hotels in Belgium and the Netherlands from the end of this year
These will primarily be DC charging points in different power classes
The main focus will be on the installation of at least 60 HPC chargers with 150 kW to 300 kW capacity
60 DC chargers with 50 kW will be installed to “meet the diverse charging needs”
Allego and Van der Valk want to reach through-travellers and conference guests
For overnight guests or customers planning a longer stay
the project also includes 100 AC charging points with 11 kW – so with 50 hotels
The Van der Valk hotels are mostly centrally located on major roads or near motorways
so Allego says it wants to increase the availability of charging stations in conurbations and along travel corridors
Allego already operates a number of fast chargers on the premises of various Van der Valk hotels
the installation of the charging points from the now agreed expansion of the cooperation will start in the fourth quarter
All other locations are to be put into operation within two years
The communication does not mention which charging columns Allego will rely on
the Dutch company increasingly installed Alpitronic’s Hyperchargers – a Hypercharger can also be seen in the photo
Allego opened its first three HPC locations in Denmark a few days ago as part of the Mega-E project
Two locations are on the E20 (Odense and Slagelse)
the Nørre Alslev station is on the E47 between Maribo and Copenhagen
A mixture of Alpitronic Hyperchargers as HPC and 50 kW chargers from Tritium have been set up there in each case
allego.eu (cooperation with Van der Valk hotel chain), allego.eu (Denmark)
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Each day throughout the Shore Conference scholastic baseball season, we will compile a Stars of the Day list followed by scores for each game and pitch counts for the pitchers in each game.
Saturday, April 27 Stars of the DayMatawanBryan McCartinMcCartin's bases-loaded walk with one out in the bottom of the eighth plated Chris Galasso with the winning run as the Huskies outlasted Freehold Township 8-7 in a Monmouth County Tournament preliminary round game and improved to 11-0. McCartin was 2-for-3 with two walks and scored a run.
The seven runs were one more than the Huskies had allowed total in their first 10 games. They have outscored the opposition 102-13.
Kovach went 3-for-4 with an intentional walk in the eighth that loaded the bases in the Huskies' 8-7 win over Freehold Township in a MCT preliminary round game. He had two RBI and scored a run.
Scott GermaineGermaine pitched four innings of scoreless relief to pick up the win in the Huskies' 8-7 win over Freehold Township in a MCT preliminary round game. He scattered five hits, struck out three and walked none.
Avino went 3-for-3 with a double, triple, a walk, two RBI and scored two runs in the Patriots' 8-7 defeat to Matawan in a MCT preliminary round game.
Middletown NorthZach HamptonHampton hurled a five-inning four-hitter and went 2-for-2 with a double, triple and two RBI as the Lions defeated Monmouth 11-1 in a Monmouth County Tournament preliminary-round game and made it three wins in four games.
Garbooshian pitched a six-inning two-hitter and struck out 11 and walked one in the Mustangs' 12-1 win over Central. He also went 2-for-4 with a double, a walk, an RBI and scored a run.
Luke DouglasDouglas tripled and went 2-for-3 with two RBI and scored two runs in the Mustangs' 12-1 win over Central.
Maribo had two doubles and went 3-for-5 with an RBI and scored two runs in the Mustangs' 12-1 win over Central.
Rostek's infield single with one out in the tobbom of the seventh plated Gavin Maffei with the winning run as the Green Dragons' defeated Freehold 9-8 for their fourth straight win.
Marcus slugged two home runs, walked and drove in four runs in the Green Dragons' 9-8 win over Freehold.
FreeholdTyler Kuncken and Xander BartukBoth Kuncken and Bartuck had a double, two hits and scored a run in the Colonials' 9-8 defeat to Brick.
Carino's RBI single to right in the top of the seventh broke a tie as the Hawks scored four runs. He then came in the bottom of the seventh and struck out the side sandwiched around a bases-loaded walk to earn the save in Mancheste's 7-6 win over Ocean.
Sitarik went 2-for-3 with three RBI in the Hawks' 7-6 win over Ocean.
Evan PalmerPalmer was 2-for-4 with a double, an RBI and scored a run in the Hawks' 7-6 win over Ocean.
Cruz struck out seven, walked none, scattered six hits and allowed one run over the first five innings to pick up the win in Manalapan's 6-3 victory over Holmdel.
Rusniak picked up the save with a scoreless, hitless seventh in Manalapan's 6-3 win over Holmdel.
Middletown SouthBrevin BezickBezick went 3-for-4 with a double, three RBI and scored two runs in the Eagles' wild 12-11 win over Toms River North.
Farrel-Brown scored three runs and was 3-for-4 with two RBI in the Eagles' 12-11 win over Toms River North
Mulholland had three RBI and went 2-for-4 with a walk and scored a run in the Mariners' 12-11 defeat to Middletown South.
Lokerson's single to left with nobody out in the bottom of the eighth plated Bryson Kirby with the tie-breaking run in the Panthers' 2-1 win over Howell
Ryan AcquistoAcquisto pitched a scoreless, hitless seventh, which included a double play after a leadoff hit by pitch in the Panthers' 2-1 win over Howell.
Mancini pitched two scoreless, hitless innings of relief with five strikeouts and no walks to pick up the win and had a two-run double in a nine-run uprising in the top of the fourth that wiped out a two-run deficit as the Cougars defeated Princeton 17-8. Mancini had three RBI.
Vallaro's three-run triple to left in the top of the fourth put the Cougars' head to stay in their 17-8 win over Princeton. He went 2-for-4 with four RBI.
Joseph PignatelliPignatelli was 2-for-3 with two walks, three RBI and scored two runs in the Cougars' 17-8 win over Princeton.
Red Bank CatholicRyan PriorThe nephew of former Chicago Cubs' pitcher Mark Prior, Prior pitched four-hit ball over the first five innings with eight strikeouts and four walks in the Caseys' 10-0 win over Burlington Township.
3. Matawan 8, 22. Freehold Township 7, 8 innings
10. Middletown North 11, 15. Monmouth 1, 5 innings.
Brayden Cimorelli 17 to 3 batters in the 6th
Red Bank Catholic 10, Burlington Township 0, 6 innings
Shore Conference Divisional StandingsClass A NorthCBA (9-2) 8-1
Hampton had a three-run home run to center in the first, a two-run double in the seventh and a bases-loaded walk in the second in the Lions' 12-1 win over Mana,apan
Ahlemeyer had a two-run homer to right in the seventh and went 2-for-4 with three RBI and scored two runs in the Lions' 12-1 win over Manalapan.
Clark scattered five hits, allowed one run on five hits and struck out three and walked two over the first six innings in the Lions' 12-1 win over Manalapan
Middletown SouthJack ConcordiaConcordia scored three runs and went 2-for-4 with a double and an RBI in the Eagles' 9-4 win over Marlboro
D'Alessio went 3-for-4 with a triple and scored two runs in the Eagles' 9-4 win over Marlboro.
Wetmore was 3-for-5 with a stolen base in the Colts' 10-1 win over Freehold Township.
Reynolds had an RBI double and scored two runs in the Colts' 10-1 win over Freehold Township
Sevilla had a hit, walked twice, stole two bases and scored two runs in the Colts' 10-1 win over Freehold Township.
Tsimbinos had a double, walked twice and scored three runs in the Colts' 10-1 win over Freehold Township.
BrickJayden EspanaEspana scattered eight hits and struck out five and walked three over 6 1/3 innings in the Green Dragons' 6-1 win over Toms River North.
McBride went 2-for-4 with two RBI and scored a run in the Green Dragons' 6-1 win over Toms River North.
Nafziger's two-run single to right in the top of the fourth gave the Raiders the lead for good as they scored four in the fourth and went on to defeat Toms River South 5-2.
Toth came on in relief in the bottom of the sixth with the Raiders up two runs and the tying runs on base and retired all five batters he faced - three via strikeout - to earn the save in the Raiders' 5-2 win over Toms River South.
RanneyRyan CostelloCostello homered, doubled, went 3-for-4 with two RBI and scored two runs and pitched two perfect innings with three strikeouts in the Panthers' 9-1 win over Freehold Borough
Fuller doubled and went 2-for-4 with two RBI and scored a run in the Panthers' 9-1 win over Freehold
Chropuvka went 3-for-4 and scored a run in the Panthers' 9-1 win over Freehold Borough.
Eastman went 3-for-4 with a double, an RBI and scored two runs in Manasquan's 6-4 win over Ocean.
Voelkson doubled and went 2-for-4 with an RBI in Manasquan's 6-4 win over Ocean
Michko was 2-for-4 with an RBI in Manasquan's 6-4 win over Ocean.
Runge allowed four runs on three hits, struck out nine and walked two in Manasquan's 6-4 win over Ocean.
KeyportCarter WilliamsWilliams pitched a five-inning perfect game in Keyport's 14-0 win over Asbury Park in the first game of a doubleheader. Williams struck out 10.
Campbell hurled a six-inning three-hitter and struck out 10 and walked five in the Green Wave's 11-1 win over Keansburg.
Coakley belted three doubles and a triple, drove in three runs and scored three as the Garnet Gulls improved to 12-0 and all but clinched the overall Shore Conference Class B Central championship with a 15-3 win over St. Rose.
Point Pleasant Beach, which swept the two-game series from previously-unbeaten St. Rose, has a two-game lead over the Purple Roses with three divisional games remaining. St. Rose is in line to win the Class B Central non public divisional title.
Brody PowersPowers went 2-for-2, walked twice, scored two runs and had two RBI in the Garnet Gulls' 15-3 win over St. Rose.
A Virginia Tech recruit, Marciano struck out 16, which matches his career high set in last season's Ocean County Tournament championship, on 93 pitches, walked one and allowed two hits in six innings in the Griffins' 7-0 win over Barnegat.
Levine went 3-for-5 with a double and an RBI in the Griffins' 7-0 win over Barnegat.
Kirby struck out 12, walked three and hurled six innings of two-hit ball in the Panthers' 8-3 win over Lacey that enabled them to remain tied with Donovan Catholic for first place overall in Class B South.
Parmigiani went 3-for-3 with two walks and scored three runs and pitched six innings to pick up the win in the Admirals' 13-9 win over Dunellen.
Nick DowdDowd doubled and went 2-for-4 with three RBI and scored a run in the Admirals' 13-9 win over Dunellen
DiPiede went 4-for-4 with a triple, two RBI and scored two runs in the Lancers' 17-8 win over Kings Christian at ShoreTown Ballpark, Lakewood
Capaldo's three-run inside the park homer capped a seven-run sixth inning in the Lancers' 17-8 win over Kings Christian.
Calderone struck out six, walkd none and allowed no hits over the final 2 2/3 innings in the Lancers' 17-8 win over Kings Christian.
Friday, April 26 ScoreboardClass A NorthMiddletown North 12, Manalapan 1
Robert Distlecamp 5 in 2/3rds of an inning
Spencer Friedman 24 in 2/3rds of an inning
Carmine Albruzzese 6 in 1/3rd of an inning.
Naffaa's home run to left leading off the sixth capped a rally from a three-run deficit after 4 1/2 innings and accounted for the winning run in the No. 3 seed Jaguars' 5-4 win over No. 6 Brick Memorial in an Ocean County Tournament quarterfinal.
Izzo's three-run homer to left with two out in the bottom of the fifth tied the game in the Jaguars' come-from-behind 5-4 win over Brick Memorial in an OCT quarterfinal.
Hutchison got a strikeout and a line out to left with the tying run on third and the go-ahead run on second in the top of the seventh to earn the save in the Jaguars' 5-4 win over Brick Memorial in an OCT quarterfinal.
Lynch recorded his third straight shutout by hurling a three-hitter as a short-handed Southern team that was missing several players as No. 13 Toms River South advanced to the OCT semifinal for the third time in four seasons with a 5-0 win over the No. 5 Rams. Lynch struck out six and walked two.
The Rams were missing most of their seniors due to a senior class trip, Southern athletic director Chuck Donohue Jr. said. Southern's senior class trip is always around this time of the season.
Southern pitchers Jack Cahill and Mike Kaczynski combined to no-hit Toms River South, according to the Rams' Game Changer account. Toms River South was issued seven walks and Southern committed five errors.
Toms River South, which has won the OCT a record 12 times, will play at No. 1 Toms River East Monday.
Lubach hit a three-run home run to cap a four-run rally in the top of the seventh and scored two runs as the No. 7 Garnet Gulls upended No. 2 Donovan Catholic 10-2 in an OCT quarterfinal and advanced to the semifinal for the first time.
Brody PowersPowers had two doubles and went 3-for-5 with an RBI and scored two runs as the Garnet Gulls defeated Donovan Catholic 10-2 in an OCT quarterfinal and advanced to the tournament semifinal for the first time.
Point Beach will play at No. 3 Jackson Memorial in the semifinals on Monday.
Pentz had a no-hitter for 5 2/3 innings and wound up with a six inning one-hitter in the No. 1 Raiders' 10-0 win over No. 9 Barnegat in an OCT quarterfinal. Pentz astruck out seven and walked three.
DiMeo went 2-for-3 with a double, two RBI and scored a run in the Raiders' 10-0 win over Barnegat in an OCT quarterfinal.
Ferrara was 2-for-4 with a double, two RBI and scored a run in the Raiders' 10-0 win over Barnegat in an OCT quarterfinal.
Gavin TothToth was 3-for-4 and scored three runs in the Raiders' 10-0 win over Barnegat in an OCT quarterfinal.
DiTullio struck out nine, walked one and hurled a six-inning five-hitter in the Colts' 11-1 win over Howell
Iwanyk went 3-for-4 with two RBI in the Colts' 11-1 win over Howell.
Svoboda went 3-for-3 with a double, two RBI, a stolen base and scored two runs and pitched the final 1 1/3 innings to pick up the save as the Patriots snapped an eight-game losing streak with a 9-5 win over Colts Neck.
Nelson pitched the first 5 2/3 innings in the Patriots' 9-5 win over Colts Neck. He struck out six and allowed four runs - two earned.
Middletown SouthLou D'AlessioD'Alessio went 4-for-5 with two doubles, five RBI and scored two runs in the Eagles 15-5 win over Marlboro. The result knocked Marlboro out of a tie for first place in the loss column in Shore Conference Class A North.
Concordia went 3-for-4 with three RBI and scored three runs in the Eagles' 15-5 win over Marlboro.
Buda pitched a three-hitter and struck out seven and walked four in the Hornets' 3-0 win over Monmouth. The result moved Wall into first place in Shore Conference Class A Central and dropped Monmouth into a tie in the loss column with Red Bank Catholic at three losses in the division.
Valillo's solo homer to left with two out in the top of the third was all Holmdel would need in its 3-0 win over Monmouth.
Rumson-Fair HavenMax MazzuccaMazzucca hit a two-run home run to left to plate the first two runs in a four-run bottom of the third as the Bulldogs rallied from a two-run deficit and defeated Raritan 5-3.
Jones pitched the first six innings to pick up the win in the Bulldogs' 5-3 win over Raritan. He struck out five, walked two and allowed three runs - two earned - on six hits.
Gendi struck out 10, walked one and fired a two-hitter as the Huskies improved to 10-0 and recorded their sixth shutout of the season with a 6-0 win over Manasquan. Matawan has outscored its opposition 94-5.
Falco went 2-for-3 with a walk, four RBI and scored a run in the Huskies' 6-0 win over Manasquan.
Red BankNick GandolfoGandolfo pitched a five-inning four-hitter in the Bucs' 12-2 win over Neptune. He struck out eight and walked two.
Smith went 2-for-2 with a walk and three RBI in the Bucs' 12-2 win over Neptune.
3. Jackson Memorial 5, 6. Brick Memorial 4
Brayden Nalducci 36 in 2/3rds of an inning
7. Point Pleasant Beach 10, 2. Donovan Catholic 2
1. Toms River East 10, Barnegat 0, 6 innings
Middletown South 15, Marlboro 5, 6 innings
Dominic Migliaccio 5 to 1 batter in the 7th
Vaughn Bociulis 19 in 2/3rds of an inning.
Levonas, a Wake Forest University recruit, struck out 13, walked two and allowed two runs on two hits over the first five innings in the Colts' 12-4 win over Howell.
Iwanyk homered, walked twice, scored three runs and had three RBI in the Colts' 12-4 win over Howell
Fahey went 2-for-4 with two RBI and scored two runs in the Colts' 12-4 win over Howell.
Shaffer struck out 11 and walked one and scattered seven hits over the first seven innings to pick up the win in Manalapan's 3-1 win in eight innings over Middletown North
Erik JohnsonJohnson's RBI single to left with two out in the top of the eighth plated the go-ahead run in Manalapan's 3-1 win over Middletown North
Ptasienski's single to left drove in the insurance run in the top of the eighth and also he picked up the save in Manalapan's 3-1 win over Middletown North.
Neves (four innings, five strikeouts, three walks and one run on three hits) and Ryan Spencer (three innings, two hits, two walks and one strikeout) combined on a five-hitter in the Cougars' 6-1 win over Freehold Township.
Dantoni homered and went 2-for-2 with a walk, two RBI and scored a run in the Caseys' 8-4 win over Shore. The win enabled Red Bank Catholic to split the two-game series after Shore won 14-13 on Tuesday.
Al DeliaDelia, known as "Big Al'' went 3-for-4 with a double, two RBI and scored two runs in the Caseys' 8-4 win over Shore.
Beattie pitched five scoreless innings, struck out four, walked one and allowed three hits in the Caseys' 8-4 win over Shore.
Golembiewski's three-run home run to center in bottom of the fifth capped a six-run rally in bottom of the fifth as the Mustangs wiped out a seven-run deficit after 3 1/2 innings and defeated Central 12-9. Golembewski also had a run-scoring single in the fourth. He also walked twice
Maribo went 4-for-5 with two RBI and scored two runs in the Mustangs' come-from-behind 12-9 win over Central.
Jimi PoppPopp went 2-for-2 with two RBI and scored two runs in the Mustangs' 12-9 win over Central
Marcus' three-run double in the bottom of the sixth was the key hit in a six-run rally that erased a one-run deficit in the Green Dragons' 8-4 win over Toms River North
Lesiak fired a no-hitter in the Rams' 6-1 win over Jackson Memorial. Lesiak struck out eight, walked three. Jackson Memorial's run was unearned. He also went 2-for-3 with two RBI. The win enabled Southern to move into sole possession of first place in Class A South.
DiMeo had a triple and went 2-for-4 with two RBI and scored a run in the Raiders' 6-2 win over Toms River South.
Vaccarino went 3-for-3 with a walk and scored two runs in the Raiders' 6-2 win over Toms River South.
Dan NafzigerNafziger scattered six hits, struck out eight and walked one in the Raiders' 6-2 win over Toms River South
Testino went 2-for-4 with a double and two RBI in the Panthers' 7-1 win over Freehold.
Richter's three-run double to right capped a seven-run rally in the top of the ninth as the Spartans defeated St. John Vianney 9-3. He went 2-for-5 and scored a run
Kowaliwskyj allowed two runs on four hits and struck out 10 and walked four over the first 6 2/3 innings in the Spartans' 9-3 win in nine innings over St. John Vianney.
Lubach went 2-for-2 with a double, two walks and three RBI as the Garnet Gulls rallied with five runs in the fifth and seven in the sixth to defeat St. Rose 13-3 in a battle of unbeatens and take over first place in Shore Conference Class B Central headed into the rematch on Friday at St. Rose.
Antonio AcevedoAcevedo went 2-for-5 with two RBI and scored a run in the Garnet Gulls' 13-3 win over St. Rose.
Sears hurled a complete-game five-hitter and struck out 10 and walked four in the Titans' 6-3 win over Long Branch.
Eckerson's two-run single to center in the bottom of the fifth erased a one-run deficit and gave the Lions the lead as they scored three in the fifth and went on to defeat Point Pleasant Boro 4-2 and dropped the Panthers into a tie for first in Class B South with Donovan Catholic.
Zech picked up the win in the Lions' 4-2 win over Point Pleasant Boro by pitching 3 1/3 scoreless innings of one-hit relief with three strikeouts and one walk.
Maier had a double walked three times and went 2-for-2 as the Griffins rallied from a seven-run deficit after two innings and defeated Barnegat 13-10 to move into a tie for first place in Class B South with Point Pleasant Borough.
Ryder SimpsonSimpson homered in the fourth and went 2-for-4 with two RBI as the Griffins rallied for a 13-10 win over Barnegat.
Yorke homered in the fourth in the Griffins' 13-10 win over Barnegat.
Kanis went 4-for-4 with a double, scored four runs and had two RBI in the Lions' 15-6 win over Pinelands
O'Donnell went 3-for-4 with a double, five RBI and scored a run in the Lions' 15-6 win over Pinelands
Menafra had a triple and three RBI in the Lions' 15-6 win over Pinelands.
Manalapan 3, Middletown North 1, 8 innings
Point Pleasant Beach 13, St. Rose 3, 6 innings
SEARCHJOIN CLUB
who have caused a stir this year and are set to make waves in 2016
@inamariboj
@lineisymontero
@ruthnotmay
@greta_varlese
@jueligeradrienne
@frederikkesofie
Scouted at the age of 16 by Priscillas Model Management in a shopping centre in her native Sydney, Australia – Fernanda Ly knows how to turn heads. The 19-year-old brought some colour to the catwalk during the Louis Vuitton AW15 show in Paris
it was Ly’s candy floss pink hair which got industry insiders talking
it’s a mystery what colour she’ll rock on the runway next
@warukatta
@riannevanrompaey
@jamillahoogenboom
@annaewers
American plus-size model Ryann Maegen Hoven, who professionally goes by the name Tess Holliday, has consistently championed industry body ideals. A self-described “body positive activist”, Holliday started the #effyourbeautystandards movement on Instagram in 2013 and has since accrued over 221k followers
she was named by Vogue Italia as one of the top six plus-size models in the world
In January 2015 she was signed to Milk Model Management and became the largest plus-sized model of her height and weight to be picked up by a mainstream modelling agency
@tessholliday
2017Save this storySaveSave this storySave1 / 7ChevronChevronPhotographed by Phil OhRarely is a trend so universally beloved as the eye-catching statement earring
a look that is dotting both this season’s runways and streets
with style stars and sideliners cementing its upswing with an artful array of hair looks
In an effort to flaunt the accessory’s face-framing forte
thoughtful hair-meets-flare combinations are popping up outside of shows in Paris with the kind of highly lensed regularity that warrants an extended case study
A lesson in mastering proportions, keeping the balance is one secret to the equation, as evident in Irene Kim’s violet-hued center part, pushed behind the ears and primed to showcase a set of swinging metallic orbs in a style that mirrored Valentino’s symmetrical beauty look
Up-and-coming model Ina Maribo Jensen tried her hand at a similarly strict parting
pairing the sleek angles of her flame-color bob with a single
silvery fringed bauble that played up the graphic lines of her red
with her loose fringe of sloping bangs further softening the ear-catching display
Crew members on giant container ships crossing the world are singing karaoke to combat homesickness and loneliness. A recent BBC programme offers rare access to one of these super-sized ships – and the sounds onboard
Valiente (the ship’s cook) and Ariel (able-seaman) sing 'Sailing' (Sara Jane Hall)
Long dark corridor in the Maribo Maersk's interior (Sara Jane Hall)
Ariel Valiente and Nathan after their karaoke competition in the Crew Room (Sara Jane Hall)
Loading the Maribo Maersk (Sara Jane Hall)
The Maribo Maersk's deck from Monkey Island during daylight hours with 7 cranes working continuously (Sara Jane Hall)
Looking down into the hold of the Maribo Maersk (Sara Jane Hall)
There are two vast engine rooms on board the Maribo Maersk which is over 400 metres long (Sara Jane Hall)
Richard Scott checks out 'Container Ship Karaoke'
Access is tightly restricted to the super-sized, heavily automated, vessels which deliver to us most of the stuff we eat, use and wear – so 'Container Ship Karaoke' is a glimpse into a hidden world we hardly ever get to hear about
The programme's presenter Nathaniel Mann is a musician and a member of the English folk band Dead Rat Orchestra whe grew up near a big container port in south-east England
He takes great pleasure in capturing all of the noises and sounds you'd encounter there
including one memorable sequence when the whole 400-metre long ship turns into a giant musical instrument
Richard Scott discovered 'Container Ship Karaoke' on the BBC Radio 3 podcast Between The Ears
It is produced by Sara Jane Hall
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2017Save this storySaveSave this storySavePhoto: Indigital.tvThe trailer for T2: Trainspotting
featuring the original film cast in all of its mischief-seeking glory
In the 20 years since its prequel was released
not much has changed with the characters—Renton’s head is still buzzed
and Diane is still transfixing her audience with her soft doe eyes and sharp abbreviated bob
fashion fell in love with Trainspotting’s deep dive into British club culture
who brought so-called heroin chic to the masses
you can trace the trajectory of its influence all the way to thriving street labels like Vetements—but its impact on hair
her blonde waves pinned back with a pair of girlish clips
sporting a neatly symmetrical above-the-shoulders cut
Judging by coif cues alone, Giedre Dukauskaite and Nimue Smit are names you should get used to, or, at the very least Google before your next salon appointment. Though, if Soo Joo Park is any indication, it might just be better to snip your hair at home. Backstage at Baja East last night she confessed, “My boyfriend just cut it in our living room,” of her new blunt bob. What could be more brilliantly low maintenance?
The Local Europe ABVästmannagatan 43113 25 StockholmSweden
it’s an island with countless secluded sandy beaches that are just a short trip from any of its historic towns
Charming manor houses are a frequent sight in the countryside
much of which is farmland recognised for its high quality agricultural produce
But not much going on in a place like that
A major cross-border infrastructure project is bringing jobs to the region and will mark a huge step forward for Denmark’s links to central Europe. Lolland is seizing the opportunities this creates with a new regional growth strategy that includes the opening of Denmark's first public international school, which offers bilingual teaching in English and Danish
As two international parents relocating to Lolland tell us, it also boasts impressive family-friendly credentials
All of this only 90 minutes away from Copenhagen and within easy reach of German cities such as Hamburg and Lübeck
A family-friendly place of new opportunities: find out more about living the good life in Lolland
The career opportunities luring internationals
After three years in Copenhagen, Marjorie Plivard, a French mother-of-three, has just moved to Lolland with her partner Remi and their children. Both herself and Remi work on the Fehmarn Belt fixed rail-road link
a huge infrastructure project that includes an 18km under sea tunnel between Lolland and Puttgarden in Germany
the tunnel will feature railway tracks and a four-lane motorway
a charming town where the new international school is located
“I understand there was already an international community here [before the Fehmarn Belt project] and I was a bit surprised by that,” says Marjorie
we're excited to join this growing international network as new residents knowing that Lolland is becoming more and more international.”
Clean energy is a big part of Lolland’s identity, and another important driver of opportunities for skilled international workers
Jalindar Aher moved to the area from India last year to work as an engineer for Vestas
the Danish wind turbine manufacturing giant
He had never even visited Denmark before but already likes the way of life
“It’s a better place than India for work-life balance
Jalindar’s wife and two young sons recently moved over to join him
with the family now settling into a new home in Nakskov
Both Jalindar and Marjorie work solely in English and Lolland Municipality strives to provide key local information in English
A growing community of international people: find out more about working and living on Lolland
Jalindar Aher and his family at Hestehovedet Beach in Nakskov
The outdoor life: freedom for all the family
If you want a better quality of life and you love scenic landscapes
you’re never far from the sea – along with the smaller neighbouring island of Falster
You’ll also find a wealth of exciting outdoor activities on your doorstep: kayaking
Jalindar says the outdoor environment is an important factor in making the region an excellent place to raise a family
“Lolland is a good place to live,” says Jalindar
“The countryside looks amazing and there are lots of good farms offering local produce
there are also good connections to other places from Nakskov.”
Marjorie already has a lengthy list of places to go in the region for the kind of quality family time that can be hard to come by with city living
“We’re planning to go to the safari park with the kids
and go to the little farm shops,” she says
“We want to cross over to see more of Germany as well – it’s less than one hour away by ferry.”
she’s looking forward to feeling secure enough to give her kids more freedom
they’ll be able to do more by themselves,” she says
“It will be better for them to go to the swimming pool and do their activities
The after school care is also definitely cheaper than in Copenhagen.” In the Danish capital
her children faced a waiting list just to get swimming lessons
Both Marjorie and Jalindar say the opening of Lolland International School in Maribo – Denmark’s first international public school – is a major plus point for the region
The school opened in early August and will be inaugurated by Denmark's Crown Princess Mary on August 24th
“The main challenge for moving my family over was to find an international school,” says Jalindar
“It will be different from school in India and the kids are excited to start.”
The free bilingual school – with teaching in English and Danish – offers a “world-class Cambridge-certified education”
It caters for both Danish and international families in the area
Marjorie’s children have previously always gone to French schools
but she says the international school made it far easier to decide to leave Copenhagen
the Fehmarn Belt project is expected to create the equivalent of 42,000 full-time jobs (through both direct and indirect demand for new roles)
The project provides attractive career prospects “including for international talent”
But there is also much more going on in the area
we expect that the area will develop into a new international hub,” he adds
By this he means not only for Denmark but also “in relation to both Scandinavia and Central Europe”
“We pride ourselves as a large community with a unique culture that stands together to help build the good life,” says Rasmussen
An increasing number of international families are embracing that vision by taking the leap to live the good life in Lolland
Looking for new career and life opportunities in a family-friendly location? Learn more about Lolland's growing international community, its jobs market, and the support it offers newcomers
This content was paid for by an advertiser and produced by The Local's Creative Studio
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Princess of Bohemia" which the Czech Embassy in Copenhagen prepared on the occasion of the 800th anniversary of Queen Dagmar´s death
is travelling around Denmark and the Czech Republic
800 years have passed since the first known Czech “expat“ in Denmark – princess Markéta Drahomíra
The Czech Embassy actively took part in organising events which commemorate this important anniversary and prepared en exhibition in two language versions which is now travelling around Denmark and the Czech Republic
It consists of 20 panels with texts about the Přemysl Dynasty
the Valdemar Dynasty and other historical facts and legends written by Czech and Danish historians
The graphic setup was arranged by Ivan Prokop
The exhibition was first presented in May 2012 in Ribe during the festival Dagmar800
In 1205 Bohemian princess Markéta Drahomíra came to Denmark to marry king Valdemar II the Victorious
After the wedding she adopted the name Dagmar and lived by the Danish royal court in the town of Ribe in Southwest Jutland
Unfortunately we don´t know much about her life today though she
as the only queen of the Danish Middle Ages
still lives in the folk ballads and legends from the 14th and 15th centuries which praise her kindness
She died young after the birth of her second son
According to historical records her fatal day was 24 May
however historians don´t agree on the year
The Danish side states the year 1212 while the Czechs believe it to be the year 1213
Dagmar is buried in St. Bendt's Church in Ringsted, situated about 60 km southwest from Copenhagen. In the tomb she is buried together with her husband and his second wife Berengaria of Portugal.Exhibition Queen Dagmar, Princess of Bohemia
Maribo11. December 2012 - 5 January 2013Stiftsmuseet MariboInvitationPress ReleaseExhibition Opening
Artikel Dronning Dagmar på StiftsmuseetArtikel En tjekkisk dronning
Roskilde2 – 30 November 2012Roskilde LibraryInvitationExhibition Opening
Copenhagen15 – 31 October 2012 the Faculty Library of Humanities of the University of CopenhagenInvitationExhibition Opening
Kutná Hora8 Novemer – 16 December 2012Sankturin HouseInvitationExhibition opening
If you are interested in receiving information about our events