Metrics details An Author Correction to this article was published on 24 February 2025 This article has been updated This new constraint calls for a reappraisal of other elements of the LIG sea-level budget It also weakens the observational basis that motivated model simulations projecting the highest end of projections for future rates of sea-level rise to 2300 and beyond loss was focussed in the Amundsen Sea region and the Ronne Ice Shelf was retained at close to its present configuration with a timing which is inferred to represent the LIG This would imply a substantial loss of ice in the LIG Here we present data from the Skytrain Ice Rise (SIR) ice core which provides proxy-based estimates of ice shelf extent in combination with data from other cores and studies constraints on the extent of WAIS ice loss in the LIG SIR is an ice cap, independent from the main body of WAIS, that sits at the landward margin of the Ronne Ice Shelf adjacent to WAIS (Fig. 1) SIR is expected to have remained an independent ice cap throughout the last glacial cycle because it is separated from the main ice sheet by the high barrier of the Ellsworth Mountains and it has bedrock sitting above sea level surrounded radially almost entirely by bathymetry greater than 1,000 m demonstrating the predominant influence of the Weddell Sea on sea salt deposition across the ice shelf we would expect much higher than present Na concentration The vertical position of the black arrow is the average ssNa concentrations from 10–8 ka The red arrows labelled LIG indicate average ssNa values from 125–121 ka (lower arrow) and 120–118 ka (upper arrow) δ18O at SIR would increase by about 4‰ compared to present after accounting for a local change in elevation and assuming a modern climate with the horizontal line being an indicative level for the late Holocene The dashed line in c and d is the average of 2–0 ka All three records are synchronized to the AICC2012 age model The y-scaling is the same for all three cores and both time periods local changes in altitude could account for up to 2‰ of the 2.5‰ change in δ18O at SIR between the LIG and the Holocene the water isotope values at SIR in the LIG are significantly higher than those in the Holocene either at SIR itself (elevation effect) or across WAIS more generally We therefore conclude that the Ronne Ice Shelf survived the LIG with a minimum extent similar to or greater than that of the present The model is consistent with both our data showing the presence of ice shelves (absence of exposed ocean or sea ice) and data indicating the existence of seaways Antarctica (a); close-up of region around SIR (b); close-up of region in Ross Ice Shelf (c) b and c show water column thickness contours Time series of modelled magnitude (blue) and rate (red) of sea-level-equivalent mass loss for the shown scenario Model output maps were plotted using Generic Mapping Tools v.6 In the absence of isotope-enabled climate model simulations at high resolution involving a partial collapse or of robust results from other models with enough resolution to diagnose the response at SIR we conclude that our results are consistent with a partial (but not full) collapse of WAIS We again can draw no direct conclusions for the period 130–126 ka but we suggest that regrowth of WAIS under such warm conditions is unlikely to have occurred pose a challenge to understand how long a period of seaway opening is sufficient to lead to the genomic findings and whether there are mechanisms that can explain how the genetic material is transported under several hundred kilometres of covered ice shelf along with high-resolution modelling of a range of possible WAIS configurations will be crucial to advance our use of the LIG to constrain future Antarctic ice loss The estimated uncertainty in age during the Holocene reference period is about 100 years The quoted uncertainty for the LIG is less than 300 years given the flow disturbance above and below this section to be sure that there are not nonlinear age–depth relationships between the CH4/δ18Oatm measurements we conclude that flow disturbance caused by interaction between ice of different rheologies is responsible for the missing ice Na and Ca were measured using ICP-MS and CFA45 The ssNa was calculated by correcting for the terrestrial component The continuous measurements were compared with those made on discrete samples using a similar instrument but that could be more carefully and regularly calibrated The discrete samples were taken approximately once every 10 m for the Holocene discrete samples were collected throughout at 10 or 20-cm intervals Only the discrete samples were used to calculate deuterium excess (dxs = δD − 8δ18O) which is particularly sensitive to small uncertainties in the calibration of the two isotopes The 24 deuterium excess values for the last 2 kyr have a mean of 6.1‰ with an s.d then we expect the cut-bubble correction to reduce as bubbles get smaller with depth (D) so that fewer of them intersect the edge of the sample to compare data from the LIG (about 600 m) with the late Holocene (100–200 m) We apply this adjustment to LIG data in the calculations of elevation that follow but we refrain from correcting individual TAC values at this stage to avoid introducing assumptions about bubble number and shape for intermediate depths The pressure at the time and depth of close-off (closely related to atmospheric pressure) is given by: so that the difference in elevation between two time periods (1 and 2) is We used a Monte Carlo calculation to propagate the uncertainties in the values of TAC at the two time periods the cut-bubble adjustment and the δ18O/T gradient for two different cases one in which Vc changes with T according to the spatial gradient and one in which it is invariant with temperature The small change in elevation between the LIG and Holocene is used in the text to estimate how much of the observed LIG–Holocene change in δ18O results from a lapse rate change in temperature We used the same isotopic lapse rate as above Deuterium excess at SIR is 1.2‰ lower in the LIG (126–120 ka) than in the late Holocene (2–0 ka) using only our well-calibrated discrete samples further supporting the interpretation that the SIR data do indicate some WAIS loss Although distance from the source is a first-order control on sea salt, we acknowledge that sea ice extent, atmospheric lifetime and wind strength/direction play second-order roles and could alter the slope of the best fit line we show in Fig. 2c This would somewhat alter the estimates of ice shelf extent we give but such effects cannot plausibly negate the factor 10 increase in sea salt we would have expected if the ice shelf had disappeared If some salt does reach SIR from the Amundsen Sea direction in the LIG this would further lower the contribution from the Weddell Sea requiring an even more distant ice shelf edge than we have estimated A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08806-5 Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (eds Pörtner Sea-level rise due to polar ice-sheet mass loss during past warm periods Sea-level trends across The Bahamas constrain peak last interglacial ice melt Last interglacial global mean sea level from high-precision U-series ages of Bahamian fossil coral reefs Temporal and spatial structure of multi-millennial temperature changes at high latitudes during the Last Interglacial Orbital and millennial Antarctic climate variability over the last 800,000 years Evidence for warmer interglacials in East Antarctic ice cores Model-data comparison of Antarctic winter sea-ice extent and Southern Ocean sea-surface temperatures during marine isotope stage 5e Retreat of the Antarctic ice sheet during the Last Interglaciation and implications for future change Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea-level rise in IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (eds Pörtner Stability of the junction between an ice sheet and an ice shelf West Antarctic ice sheet and CO2 greenhouse effect—threat of disaster The uncertain future of the Antarctic ice sheet Uncertainty quantification of the multi-centennial response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climate change The multi-millennial Antarctic commitment to future sea-level rise Potential sea-level rise from Antarctic ice-sheet instability constrained by observations Potential Antarctic ice sheet retreat driven by hydrofracturing and ice cliff failure The Paris Climate Agreement and future sea-level rise from Antarctica Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core Global ocean heat content in the Last Interglacial Last Interglacial climate and sea-level evolution from a coupled ice sheet–climate model Coupled regional climate–ice-sheet simulation shows limited Greenland ice loss during the Eemian Greenland ice sheet contribution to sea level rise during the last interglacial period: a modelling study driven and constrained by ice core data Reconstructing the last interglacial at Summit Constraining the contribution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet to Last Interglacial sea level Ocean temperature thresholds for Last Interglacial West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse Oceanic forcing of penultimate deglacial and last interglacial sea-level rise Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial The last interglacial as represented in the glaciochemical record from Mount Moulton Blue Ice Area Influence of West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse on Antarctic surface climate Response of water isotopes in precipitation to a collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet in high-resolution simulations with the weather research and forecasting model Early Last Interglacial ocean warming drove substantial ice mass loss from Antarctica Ice drilling on Skytrain Ice Rise and Sherman Island The ST22 chronology for the Skytrain Ice Rise ice core Part 2: An age model to the last interglacial and disturbed deep stratigraphy Spatial and seasonal variations of the snow chemistry at the central Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf Abrupt Holocene ice loss due to thinning and ungrounding in the Weddell Sea embayment Modelling West Antarctic ice sheet growth and collapse through the past five million years Antarctic last interglacial isotope peak in response to sea ice retreat not ice-sheet collapse A probabilistic assessment of sea level variations within the last interglacial stage Elevation and elevation change of Greenland and Antarctica derived from CryoSat-2 an integrated mapping environment for Antarctica One-to-one hemispheric coupling of millennial polar climate variability during the last glacial Continuous flow analysis methods for sodium magnesium and calcium detection in the Skytrain ice core Part 1: A stratigraphic chronology of the last 2000 years Dust and sea salt variability in central East Antarctica (Dome C) over the last 45 kyrs and its implications for southern high-latitude climate Correction of air-content measurements in polar ice for the effect of cut bubbles at the surface of the sample Reconciling glacial Antarctic water stable isotopes with ice sheet topography and the isotopic paleothermometer Antarctic ice sheet elevation impacts on water isotope records during the Last Interglacial Physical and climatic parameters which influence the air content in polar ice Air pressure and cosmogenic isotope production Linearity of the climate system response to raising and lowering West Antarctic and coastal Antarctic topography Reconnaissance of chemical and isotopic firn properties on top of Berkner Island The Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK) Wolff, E. W. et al. Water isotope data for the full Skytrain Ice Rise ice core obtained using the CFA melt stream [dataset]. Pangaea https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.973166 (2024) Wolff, E. W. et al. Water isotope data for the full Skytrain Ice Rise ice core obtained using discrete samples, and used to calculate deuterium excess [dataset]. Pangaea https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.973167 (2024) Wolff, E. W. et al. Sodium and calcium data from the full Skytrain Ice Rise ice core [dataset]. Pangaea https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.973178 (2024) Wolff, E. W., Nehrbass-Ahles, C., King, A. C. F. & Bauska, T. K. Total air content data for the Skytrain Ice Rise ice core [dataset]. Pangaea https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.973190 (2024) An automated methodology for differentiating rock from snow clouds and sea in Antarctica from Landsat 8 imagery: a new rock outcrop map and are a estimation for the entire Antarctic continent Reconstruction of millennial changes in transport dust emission and regional differences in sea ice coverage using the deep EPICA ice cores from the Atlantic and Indian Ocean sector of Antarctica Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core Expression of the bipolar see-saw in Antarctic climate records during the last deglaciation Northern Hemisphere forcing of climatic cycles over the past 360,000 years implied by accurately dated Antarctic ice cores Synchronous climate changes in Antarctica and the North Atlantic Download references McKeever and logistic colleagues at the British Antarctic Survey for their support in drilling the core This project has received funding from the European Research Council under the Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no This material reflects only the authors’ views and the Commission is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein acknowledges funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant nos 172745 and 200492) and all authors from the University of Bern gratefully acknowledge the long-term support of ice core science by the Swiss National Science Foundation have also been funded for part of this work through a Royal Society Professorship acknowledges funding from the Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment contracts RTVU2206 (Our Changing Coast) and ANTA1801 (Antarctic Science Platform) as well as from the Royal Society of New Zealand Development of PISM is supported by NASA grants 20-CRYO2020-0052 and 80NSSC22K0274 and NSF grant OAC-2118285 acknowledges funding from the US National Science Foundation (grant nos 1602435 the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Department of Atmospheric Sciences All authors contributed to interpretation of the data drafted the paper and all authors edited it The authors declare no competing interests reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations dated sections only); a datapoint at 481.0 m where there is a visible ash layer is not plotted The red line shows the average concentration of ssNa at SIR in the period from 7-5 ka shown only for the sections with reliable dates while the blue line is those made from the CFA meltstream All 3 records are synchronised to the AICC2012 age model Note that the y-scaling is different in the two panels Only data with weight ranging between 40 and 80 g are shown to limit the deviations that would be caused by cut bubbles within each depth span The blue lines are the SIR averages (2-0.45 ka This is the time series for the model run highlighted in Fig. 4 which shows the 127 ka time slice in more detail The y-axis is the measured air content (mL kg−1) See methods for explanation of how these plots were used Reprints and permissions Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08394-w Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science Ronne steps into leadership role as the ASO marks a historic milestone on International Women’s Day From left: Outgoing ASO CEO Kerry Gallagher AM and Incoming ASO CEO Katrina Ronne (Image courtesy of Australian Society of Ophthalmologists) The Australian Society of Ophthalmologists (ASO) announces the appointment of Katrina Ronne as its first woman chief executive officer (CEO) in the organization’s 43-year history,1 a milestone in the society’s leadership that coincides with International Women’s Day on March 8 who has served as ASO’s general manager of policy and strategy for much of the past decade assumes the role following significant contributions to the society’s advocacy efforts She joined ASO at a critical time after the 2009 ‘Grandma’s Not Happy’ campaign which successfully reversed the federal government’s proposed 50% cut to the Medicare patient rebate for cataract surgery according to an ASO news release.1 Ronne brings extensive experience in government advocacy and campaign development particularly in medico-political policy formulation honed through her work with the Australian Salaried Medical Officers Federation Queensland (ASMOFQ) and Salaried Doctors Queensland (SDQ) Outgoing CEO Kerry Gallagher AM emphasized that Ronne’s appointment signals ASO’s ongoing evolution “It is an exciting time for the ASO and marks a new era in our medico-political advocacy,” Gallagher said she has been responsible for developing policy and submissions to effectively communicate the ASO’s position on critical issues affecting Australian ophthalmologists and their patients.” Gallagher will remain involved with the ASO now serving on its Board of Directors as executive vice chair acknowledged Gallagher’s leadership in shaping the organization’s medico-political advocacy Kerry has been an advocate and champion of the issues impacting Australian ophthalmologists and their patients—and most The announcement aligns with International Women’s Day which this year emphasizes the theme ‘Accelerate Action’ to address systemic barriers and biases that hinder gender equality Incoming CEO Ronne acknowledged the ongoing challenges “Each and every one of us can be agents for change whether we take small or significant steps of action,” she said “Start small and join the conversations this week on ASO socials where we have been celebrating and recognizing the achievements of women in ophthalmology For more information on ASO’s advocacy efforts, visit www.asoeye.org Don’t miss out—get Ophthalmology Times updates on the latest clinical advancements and expert interviews ASCRS 2025: Visual and patient-reported outcomes following bilateral Odyssey implantation California dreaming: 2025 Glaucoma 360 brings celebration, innovation, and education to San Francisco (Part 1) From ophthalmology’s lockdown to lasting change: Five Aprils ago Connect, learn, and innovate in a family-friendly atmosphere: What to expect at EnVision Summit 2025 Piecing it together: Does semaglutide fit the NAION puzzle? Presbyopia treatment success begins with patient-centered care 609-716-7777 Eos Get the most fascinating science news stories of the week in your inbox every Friday For now, the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf—one of Antarctica’s biggest extending over the Weddell Sea—appears to be relatively stable thanks to near-freezing currents circulating over the continental shelf beneath it climate models predict that shifting ocean currents may bring warmer water to the continental shelf in the future To gain a clearer picture of the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf’s future, Steiger et al. analyzed water temperature and velocity data from 2017 to 2021 The data were captured by sensors attached to bottom moorings along the seafloor and subsurface floats near the ice shelf Prior research had already shown that during summer, relatively warm seawater rises from middle depths in the nearby ocean up to the continental shelf, then along the undersea Filchner Trough toward the edge of the ice shelf most of these observations have been limited to single-site or single-year data researchers found that the summertime flow of warm water occurs not just along the Filchner Trough but also along a second smaller trough to the east and that the relative importance of each path varies from year to year the warm water flows more rapidly across the continental shelf when both anomalously warm inflows and anomalously low amounts of floating sea ice occurred The researchers suggest that scant ice cover alters ocean dynamics causing warm water to rise and more readily surge onto the continental shelf This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page Antarctica's Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf may be under threat due to relatively warm water from the deep sea flowing towards the shelf then a dramatic decline in sea ice could cause the shelf to melt "If the warm water reaches underneath the ice shelf, it would melt the base of the ice shelf," study first author Nadine Steiger a physical oceanographer at Sorbonne University in France The melting of a massive ice shelf like FRIS would ultimately lead to huge sea level rise. However, researchers still have a lot to learn about this region, and it's unclear whether the increased flow of warm water is linked to climate change Kaitlin Naughten an ocean-ice modeler at the British Antarctic Survey who was not involved in the study told Live Science in an email that the warm water "may be a warning sign," but may also just be "normal variability" in the region "If worldwide governments fail to phase out fossil fuels and climate change spirals out of control FRIS might have a big problem in a century or two," Naughten said Get the world’s most fascinating discoveries delivered straight to your inbox Related: Earth from space: High winds paint puzzling ice streaks across the sea in Antarctica FRIS is protected by thick ice and near-freezing seawater flowing over the underwater continental shelf that rings the coast of Antarctica in the Weddell Sea warmer water comes up onto the continental shelf from the open ocean and travels toward the ice shelf through a channel called the Filchner Trough Naughten noted that the deep ocean water around Antarctica is about 33.8 degrees Fahrenheit (1 degree Celsius) but it's warmer than the freezing point of seawater which is about 28.4 F (minus 2 C) — salt lowers the freezing point of water but it can melt ice very quickly," Naughten said The amount of warm water flowing through the Filchner Trough and another previously unknown trough identified in the study was particularly high in 2017 and 2018 — and sea ice was also lower in those years the study authors only had data from 2017 to 2021 Both Steiger and Naughten highlighted the importance of long-term observations to better understand the region and predict future ice shelf changes —Antarctica 'pyramid': The strangely symmetrical mountain that sparked a major alien conspiracy theory —Antarctica ice melt could cause 100 hidden volcanoes to erupt —Massive Antarctic icebergs' split from glaciers may be unrelated to climate change while scientists agree that warm water flooding the continental shelf would likely spell doom for FRIS some research suggests that this would only happen in an extreme climate change scenario "We need to monitor the Filchner-Ronne for signs of change but other regions of Antarctica will melt away long before this one does," Naughten said "We are already observing rapid ice loss in West Antarctica which is the fastest-growing contribution to sea level rise." Editor's Note: This story was updated on Wednesday EST to clarify that the freezing point of seawater is minus 2 C Patrick PesterSocial Links NavigationTrending News WriterPatrick Pester is the trending news writer at Live Science His work has appeared on other science websites such as BBC Science Focus and Scientific American Patrick retrained as a journalist after spending his early career working in zoos and wildlife conservation He was awarded the Master's Excellence Scholarship to study at Cardiff University where he completed a master's degree in international journalism He also has a second master's degree in biodiversity evolution and conservation in action from Middlesex University London Patrick investigates the sale of human remains Wilkes Land crater: The giant hole in East Antarctica's gravitational field likely caused by a meteorite 'We didn't expect to find such a beautiful thriving ecosystem': Hidden world of life discovered beneath Antarctic iceberg May's full 'Flower Moon' will be a micromoon The West Antarctic ice sheet could cause metres of sea level rise if it collapses – but more than 120,000 years ago it may have survived an even warmer period than it is experiencing now By James Dinneen The Ronne ice shelf in West Antarctica survived a warm period long ago A major ice shelf in Antarctica appears to have survived a period of hot temperatures more than 120,000 years ago indicating that the West Antarctic ice sheet may not be as vulnerable as we thought to complete collapse caused by climate change – a worst-case situation that could raise sea levels by metres “It’s good news and it’s bad news,” says Eric Wolff at the University of Cambridge SearchSpecial needs mom on how to redefine caregiving as ‘holy work,’ issues call to action to Church Log InSubscribeThe Christian Post To enjoy our website, you'll need to enable JavaScript in your web browser. Please click here to learn how You are using an outdated browser. Please upgrade your browser to improve your experience during a routine ultrasound appointment for her second child doctors informed her that her unborn son had experienced a stroke in utero suggesting she terminate the pregnancy and “try again.” But Ronne and her husband refused “We put our baby in the Lord’s hands and just had faith that God's will would be done,” she recalled “screaming with life,’” Ronne became what she termed “a forever caregiver.” Lucas’ profound disabilities would require lifelong care she was simply grateful for her miracle baby “It wasn't even something I really focused on,” she said her world shifted again when her husband was diagnosed with a terminal brain tumor they fought the cancer while raising four young children was a widow raising four children younger than 7 it was in this crucible of grief and responsibility that Ronne discovered an unshakable resilience I promised him that our children wouldn’t lose two parents — one to death and one to depressive grief.” Anchored by faith she found the strength to take each step forward which was just enough manna for the moment and I was just able to continue to put one foot in front of the other and continue to live for my children,” she said Ronne is a powerful advocate for parent caregivers a demographic she said remains largely invisible to society a father of three who’d also lost his spouse to cancer As the founder and executive director of The Lucas Project, she works to provide recognition resources and respite for families like hers “I do believe there are a lot of good people in the world who are willing to help if they know what the needs are But … with these profound disabilities comes nonverbal the world just isn't made for families like ours,” she said “We isolate ourselves in our homes with these behaviors I often even speak with pastors at churches ‘We don't have these families in our community.’ And I'll say you just don't see them.’ The church is not created for these families Environments aren't created for these families.” Jess RonneThrough The Lucas Project, the Michigan native has developed care packages, resource databases, and support groups. She also speaks nationally about the realities of caregiving and produces films like “Unseen: How We’re Failing Parent Caregivers,” a documentary that sheds light on the isolation and mental health struggles these families face “We have a tsunami of children with special needs aging into adulthood,” she said the Church has a pivotal role in addressing these needs but many congregations shy away due to fear of the unknown and the Church doesn’t know its place,” she said “But helping doesn’t have to mean direct care for the child Small groups within a church could adopt a family learning together how to meet their needs.” She urged congregations to step out of their comfort zones: “This is exactly the kind of work Jesus did — stepping into messy Ronne encouraged other caregivers to see their work as “holy,” though acknowledging it can be overwhelming overwhelmed by her son’s needs while managing the production of the documentary I would be right here with you doing this.’ It reframed everything Caring for another individual is the holiest work we can do this side of eternity,” she said “We might not see our reward this side of Heaven a decision Ronne once thought she’d never make I couldn’t imagine him living anywhere but with me,” she said He’s gained so many skills and is living his best life.” The move has also brought newfound peace to Ronne and her family My husband and I can take a nap if we want to,” she said “My work had revolved around being Lucas’ caregiver for 20 years As National Caregivers Month brings attention to the 16.3 million caregivers in the U.S. Ronne urged society to take stock of how they can support families with special needs children “I think a lot of caregivers kind of have the smarter mentality Let people bless you by stepping into your circumstances and providing a meal or providing some respite so that you can go take a nap or just do something to rejuvenate yourself He wants us to be our best versions for the ones that we care for.” In a world where caregivers are often unseen Ronne said she wants to make sure their stories — and their struggles — are finally recognized she offered encouragement: “I hope that caregivers feel permission to feel anger “It’s such a juxtaposition when you're a caregiver It’s learning to live in that tension of the joy and the pain The holiness of the acts that we do day by day by day is the glue that binds all of that together.” Leah M. Klett is a reporter for The Christian Post. She can be reached at: leah.klett@christianpost.com Help keep The Christian Post free for everyone By making a recurring donation or a one-time donation of any amount you're helping to keep CP's articles free and accessible for everyone Hope you’ll give us another try and check out some other articles. Return to homepage. Join the news democracyWhere your votes decide the Top 100 Reasons for you to sign up to our newsletter here One of Antarctica's largest ice shelves may be under threat due to 'warm water' from the deep sea flowing towards it If the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf (FRIS) melts, it could dramatically increase sea levels. This is a huge concern because raised sea levels can lead to devastating impacts on coastal communities and can disrupt of ecosystems, among many other environmental issues The Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf Data courtesy of Landsat 8 satellite (Bands: 2, 3, 4, 8) & USGS. Data processed by Paul Quast. O.V.E.R.V.I.E.W. via Flickr, CC BY 2.0 “If the warm water reaches underneath the ice shelf it would melt the base of the ice shelf," the study’s first author Stinger is a physical oceanographer at Sorbonne University Researchers still have a lot to learn about this region and it is currently unclear if the increased flow of water water is linked to climate change Thick ice and cold seawater protects FRIS by flowing over the underwater continental shelf around the coast of Antarctica in the Weddell Sea warmer water comes onto the continental shelf from the open ocean and travels toward the ice shelf through a channel known as the Filchner Trough Researchers have highlighted the importance of long-term observations of this region to better understand and predict future changes to ice shelves However it is currently understood that warmer water flowing towards FRIS would be very alarming but the ice shelf completely melting away is unlikely to happen any time soon How to join the indy100's free WhatsApp channel Click the upvote icon at the top of the page to help raise this article through the indy100 rankings plays a critical role in regulating the planet’s climate and sea levels large floating extensions of ice over the ocean Observations show that many of these ice shelves are thinning due to melting from below with profound implications for ocean dynamics and global sea levels it is one of Antarctica’s largest ice shelves Near-freezing currents circulating beneath the shelf provide a protective buffer climate models warn that warmer currents may reach this region in the future To predict the future of the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, N. Steiger and colleagues from Sorbonne Université conducted a detailed analysis of ocean data collected between 2017 and 2021 The team used sensors placed on the seafloor (moored instruments) and on floating devices beneath the water’s surface These tools recorded water temperature and velocity, providing a wealth of information about how ocean currents interact with the ice shelf Earlier research had identified a recurring phenomenon: in summer, warm seawater rises from middle ocean depths and flows along the Filchner Trough – a deep undersea valley – toward the edge of the ice shelf these studies were often limited to a single location or a short timeframe which left gaps in understanding the broader system The new study revealed a more intricate system of water movement Warm water doesn’t only follow the main Filchner Trough but also uses a smaller the role of each pathway varies from year to year During years with higher-than-average temperatures warm water moves faster and more extensively across the continental shelf This increases the likelihood of warm water reaching the ice shelf and potentially contributing to its melting Steiger’s research highlights the importance of long-term and multi-site observations to grasp the complex interactions between ocean currents and Antarctic ice shelves These insights improve predictions about how warming oceans may affect the stability of ice shelves and contribute to rising sea levels globally The researchers identified 2017 and 2018 as exceptional summers, characterized by unusually warm water flowing into the region and a significant reduction in floating sea ice These conditions were crucial because sea ice acts as a barrier that influences ocean behavior enabling warm water from deeper layers to rise and spread across the continental shelf more easily Although it remains uncertain whether the warm water in 2017 and 2018 actually reached the edge of Antarctica’s Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf there is evidence from 2013 suggesting similar warm water flows did reach the shelf’s edge during that year In 2013, researchers linked this movement of warm water to specific wind patterns that likely drove the flow toward the ice shelf The lack of sea ice doesn’t just alter the flow of warm water; it also allows the warm water to interact more directly with the continental shelf and potentially with the ice shelf itself Understanding how these dynamics play out under varying conditions is critical for predicting future changes in Antarctic ice shelves and their contribution to rising sea levels Identifying the drivers of warm water flow beneath Antarctic ice shelves remains a priority year-to-year variability in ocean currents and ice cover can significantly influence the shelf’s stability Continued observations and advanced modeling are crucial to predicting how these massive ice shelves will respond to shifting climate patterns This research emphasizes the need for continued monitoring and vigilance The stability of Antarctica’s ice shelves holds the key to the planet’s future sea levels and climate health The study is published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Like what you read? Subscribe to our newsletter for engaging articles Check us out on EarthSnap, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com Nilas ice normally creates a super-thin sheet across an coean's surface it formed next to Antarctica's Ross Ice Shelf wispy streaks of ice stretching across an ocean channel separating the Ronne Ice Shelf and a patch of multi-year sea ice in Antarctica Wispy strands of ice stretching across a narrow channel of water This photo captured streaks of fragile ice stretching across a narrow ocean channel in Antarctica The rare sight was triggered by a combination of high winds and unusual ocean currents and it could become more common in the coming years due to human-caused climate change The ice streaks stretched across a roughly 3.7-mile-wide (6 kilometers) channel of seawater between the Ronne Ice Shelf — a massive, white ice sheet attached to Antarctica's mainland that frequently births some of the world's biggest icebergs — and a patch of fragmenting sea ice The streaks are made from nilas, a type of super-thin ice less than 4 inches (10 centimeters) thick, according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) Nilas is normally created when loose ice crystals merge into fragile sheets across a still surface The high winds also pushed the sea ice away from the Ronne Ice Shelf giving nilas more space to grow and stretch out Related: 12 amazing images of Earth from space the nilas ice accumulates along the edge of the sea ice glaciers and sea ice appear blue only when they become so dense that they absorb the longer wavelengths of light "I'm not quite sure how the sea ice here gets the blue color," Walt Meier But the ice may be getting squished together making it very compact and allowing it to absorb longer wavelengths than normal —Trio of ringed ice caps look otherworldly on Russian Arctic islands —Gravity waves spark pair of perfect cloud ripples above uninhabited islands —Mysterious wave ripples across 'galaxy' of icebergs in Arctic fjord Thinner and more fragile sea ice is more susceptible to being moved around by the wind making the wisps more likely to appear in the future Ancient jawbone dredged off Taiwan seafloor belongs to mysterious Denisovan The Asian American Journalists Association (AAJA) released a statement this week following an alleged attack on a TV reporter in Grand Junction Of Pacific Islander descent, Ja’Ronn Alex, was reportedly out in the field when he was stopped at a traffic light pulled up next to him and proceeded to say something along the lines of: “Are you even a U.S I’m a Marine and I took an oath to protect this country from people like you!” according to an arrest affidavit Investigators say Egan followed Alex for around 40 miles back to his news station in the city and was pursued by the suspect who demanded identification Egan tackled Alex and “began to strangle him” until Alex’s co-workers intervened Witnesses reported seeing Alex’s “face turning red as he was being strangled” and that he was “losing the ability to breathe” during the attack “This act of violence against a journalist of color underscores the ongoing threats faced by journalists and individuals from marginalized communities,” AAJA said in a Dec “It highlights how racist and anti-immigrant rhetoric has led to physical attacks on members of AAPI communities,” AAJA continues.  Following the 2020 pandemic outbreak, reports of discrimination and violence towards Asian Americans spiked, according to a Pew Research study. The Stop AAPI Hate Movement launched nationwide soon after “About one-third of Asian adults (32%) say they personally know an Asian person in the U.S who has been threatened or attacked because of their race or ethnicity since the COVID-19 pandemic began in 2020,” the study reports.  It was not until 2022 that the number of anti-Asian hate crimes decreased to 499 incidents, from 158 in 2019, 279 in 2020, and 746 in 2021, in crime statistics report by the FBI “AAJA is committed to promoting diversity and advocating for the safety of journalists of all backgrounds We stand in solidarity with Ja’Ronn Alex and all those who have faced discrimination and violence AAJA encourages newsrooms to support their AAPI journalists and journalists of color who experience discrimination and harassment,” said AAJA Egan was arrested on Dec. 18 in Grand Junction, Colorado, on suspicion of bias-motivated crimes, second-degree assault, and harassment. As of Tuesday afternoon, he remained at Mesa County Jail on a $20,000 bond, reports NBC He is scheduled to appear in court on Thursday.AsAmNews is published by the non-profit We are currently funded by our readers and such charitable foundations as the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, AARP, Report for America/GroundTruth Project & Koo and Patricia Yuen of the Yuen Foundation.’ You can make your tax-deductible donations here via credit card Stock donations and donations via DAFs are also welcomed Contact us at info @ asamnews dot com for more info.  Please continue to follow up with this case and keep us informed Is there an AsAm group in the area to support the victim We don’t spam! Read our privacy policy for more info Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights Pauleanna Reid covers the female leaders who are shaping the future.Follow AuthorAug 31 12:00pm EDTShareSaveThis article is more than 4 years old.Ronne Brown Imagine being a single mother of 2 in the middle of a crowded office crying your eyes out You’re 8 months pregnant and down on your knees Now imagine being granted the opportunity to go back to your desk to finish your work only to make it to the end of the day to be let go anyway this was a deep burning question she’d been asking herself since her first pregnancy at the age of 16 With no formal education past high school and another child on the way she’d been counted out for most of her life But driving home after experiencing such a devastating loss Brown made a promise to never be in that position again “I think every transformation starts with a decision Once you make a decision and you’re committed to transformation “I made the decision that I was not going to be another statistic and that I was going to prove to everyone that just because you have children Just because you’re a teen mom doesn’t mean you cannot become successful.”  Selling whatever she could make in her own kitchen and any other lifestyle items she could produce herself the young mother whom most others looked at as an abysmal statistic turned the tables to show how much of a life-changing figure she actually was Within a few short years Brown had kept her promise and went from earning a minimum wage income to paying herself a seven-figure salary a multi-faceted platform built specifically for female entrepreneurs Brown is now teaching other women how to become the CEO in their own lives to reach similar success After being fired countless times for her failure to be a model employee Brown leaned on the skills she’d perfected across dozens of jobs that just hadn’t worked out “I want to stress that there’s nothing wrong with failing,” she said “Failure is the best source of wisdom that you can ever experience in life.”  Listening to the advice of her grandmother who taught her that beauty fades Brown used what she’d learned after years of working for others to create successful companies of her own using social media In doing so she’s successfully transformed herself into Ronne B - an internationally recognized branding expert “We have to understand that failure is a good thing But of those women who still struggle to disconnect from their past experiences Brown shared some advice she received from her 7-year-old daughter while they spoke on the Girl CEO Podcast ‘trust yourself and trust God.’ Trust is the key word,” Brown stressed “You have to trust that [with] everything that you’ve gone through there was something that you needed to learn from it,” she concluded From losing a job to heartbreak and betrayal Brown says that there are lessons in all of our failures just waiting to be applied for our success Despite her energetic spirit and ambitious attitude Brown is the first to admit that she did not build her empire alone she shared in our interview that the very first thing she had to learn was that if she wanted to grow past what she knew she’d need help from others who’d come before her but very few are willing to equip,” said Brown speaking of some of the successful individuals she’d encountered on her way to the top “I had a lot of women that would encourage me ‘well who’s your manufacturer?’ they wouldn’t help me.” Believing that lack of education in how to start and grow a business is what keeps most women away from entrepreneurship “GirlCEO is a community for diverse women,” emphasized Brown “There are so many communities for women,” she continued emphatically “But there aren’t many for African-American Hispanic where it’s for us.” By offering mentorship courses community support and quarterly in-person meetups still taking place in the current digitally-leaning climate GirlCEO is working hard to give its members a deeper connection with an authentic Brown has helped thousands of women launch and scale their brands by empowering them to do what they want and giving them the tools they need “I believe the biggest mistake that people make is the second they get money they go buy a car that doesn’t appreciate,” Brown lamented Instead of buying designer things that lose value over time Brown says she wishes more entrepreneurs realized the importance of spending their hard-earned money on things that give them valuable returns -  like land I would have invested probably 90 percent of my income into mentorship during my first five years of business,” said Brown of the missed opportunities that would’ve saved her money lost on rookie mistakes Admitting that she used to frown upon those professionals that required a fee for coaching Brown states that she willingly pays thousands for it today never hesitating to get the help she knows she needs In addition to educational and empowerment services GirlCEO also offers invaluable inspirational products meant to encourage women as they continue their journeys like t-shirts displaying phrases meant to break some of the long-standing myths surrounding femininity in the business world Another is the best-selling GirlCEO planner specifically created for the busy woman who struggles with time-management Brown finds tools such as these modestly priced compared to the rewards they can bring “I believe that we operate best when we are truly doing the things that make us feel fulfilled,” Brown expressed of GirlCEO’s overarching mission. I’ve come to realize how many women are actually unhappy doing the things that they’re doing We want to show that women actually have gifts inside of them that God gave them that they can actually leverage.” From building a digital empire to helping others do the same Brown’s savored each and every step she’s taken on her own journey she hopes to take Girl CEO global - cultivating a brand and community across nations Especially those that often get overlooked when it comes to individual investments Envisioning a time where women in places like Zimbabwe and Venezuela can get from behind their computers to meet with like-minded individuals looking to take control of their lives and better their circumstances Brown looks forward to seeing more women fearlessly chasing after their ultimate happiness Tickets via Halles.be Joris Lacoste presents the very first staging of the 8-voice version of A-Ronne composed by Luciano Berio in 1974-1975 Conceived as a sort of radio documentary and based on a poem by Edoardo Sanguineti this piece mixes extracts from a host of other texts: the Bible the Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Lacoste gives full rein to what Berio called a “theatre for the ears” in which the sentences the words and the voices are the real characters of the piece Each audience member will be provided with a wireless headset through which they will hear an electro-acoustic prologue composed by Sébastien Roux followed by Berio’s piece performed by eight singers from the Brussels-based ensemble HYOID.  These can be collected in exchange for an ID card Choose your interests and get the latest news from Bozar straight to your mailbox Centre for Fine ArtsRue Ravensteinstraat 231000 Brussels Offices: Offices : +32 (0)25078430 Tickets: tickets@bozar.be Call center: +32 (0)25078200 Metrics details Floating ice shelves are the Achilles’ heel of the Antarctic Ice Sheet They limit Antarctica’s contribution to global sea level rise yet they can be rapidly melted from beneath by a warming ocean a decline in sea ice formation may increase basal melt rates and accelerate marine ice sheet mass loss within this century the understanding of this tipping-point behavior largely relies on numerical models Our new multi-annual observations from five hot-water drilled boreholes through Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf show that since 2015 there has been an intensification of the density-driven ice shelf cavity-wide circulation in response to reinforced wind-driven sea ice formation in the Ronne polynya Enhanced southerly winds over Ronne Ice Shelf coincide with westward displacements of the Amundsen Sea Low position connecting the cavity circulation with changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns as a new aspect of the atmosphere-ocean-ice shelf system Black (grey) crosses in (a) indicate significant correlations between low-pass filtered time series of local SFR anomalies and SAM at 99% (95%) confidence level Color shaded areas in (c & d) indicate the 15 year period (orange and green) relative to which the spatial pattern of SFR anomalies (green only) is computed that is shown in (a) of the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL) that occurred during an increasingly positive Southern Annual Mode (SAM) These findings further our understanding of how this sector of the marine-based West Antarctic Ice Sheet may respond to changes in large-scale climate and the implications for future sea level rise Thick black ticks along the y-axis in (b) indicate the depth of the temperature sensors at FNE1 Black −2.00 °C and −2.25 °C temperature contours in (a Red horizontal lines in (a) and (d) show time-averaged values over shorter periods of each time series Thin black contours show potential density Time series of low-pass filtered velocity vectors (blue arrows) and in situ temperature (colored curves) at (a) Site 5 Colored numbers indicate the instrument deployment pressure (dbar) horizontal arrows indicate an eastward current of 5 cm s−1 as a reference scale for the respective axes Time series (e) of potential density referenced to 1000 dbar from the lowermost sensors at the two northern and two southern drill sites on Filchner Ice Shelf showing the density reversal during the shift from Berkner mode to Ronne mode Ronne sourced ISW that eventually arrives at the Filchner Ice Shelf front hence represents the integrated signal from those different pathways this highlights the interannual response of the cavity circulation as part of the shift into the Ronne mode where outflows of dense Ronne HSSW-derived ISW dominate the circulation under the northern Filchner Ice Shelf instead of the local inflows of Berkner HSSW that were observed in 2017 once more highlighting the need for accurate knowledge of the sub-ice shelf bathymetry More subtle changes in flow velocities are seen at the mid-depth and upper current meters at FNE1 (Fig. 4b) where northward (upper) and westward (mid-depth) velocities in 2017 become weaker (upper) and turn south (mid-depth) to approach a more uniform vertical structure in 2018 This is consistent with a reduction in the basal melting at the northern Filchner Ice Shelf that strengthens a local overturning circulation consisting of HSSW inflows in the lower layer and locally produced ISW outflows in the upper layer coincide with periods when the 36-month low-pass filtered SAM index is more positive than a linear regression of the time series Although this suggests a general connection between the activity of the Ronne polynya and large-scale climate indicators the SAM explains only about one-third of atmospheric variability in the extratropical Southern Hemisphere and does not give any information about the longitudinal position of cyclones in the circumpolar trough It is therefore likely that the SAM effect on sea ice production might be mostly a result of the lower air temperatures and higher wind speeds that would be related to a more positive SAM Of greater importance for the atmospheric circulation is the longitudinal position of cyclones and anticyclones since this determines the direction of the atmospheric flow a Composite of atmospheric anomalies in surface pressure (SP in Pa, above 99% confidence level in hatched areas), wind vectors (arrows), and speed (color) associated with enhanced SFR events shown in Fig. 1d; red dots: monthly locations of the Amundsen Sea low since 1979 scattered around the time mean position indicated by the red cross b Time series of SP anomalies located at the blue square in the eastern Weddell Sea (EWS) and (c) the Eastern Bellingshausen Sea (EBS) averaged for all months (only months associated with enhanced SFR events) in 2 years (6 months) bins Green dashed lines indicate the average for all enhanced SFR events black lines show the linear trend over all months Blue curves show the 36-month low-pass filtered evolution of the large-scale indicators associated with favorable negative (positive) SP anomalies at EWS (EBS) that lead to enhanced southerly (offshore) winds at the Ronne Ice Shelf front Negative ASL longitude anomalies indicate westward displacements that favor high pressure anomalies in the EBS Although the exact mechanisms controlling each of these anomalies remain to be resolved their coincidence may point at a common origin such as general intensification of the circulation associated with a strong positive SAM that persisted over this period Our new multi-annual oceanographic time series beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf show that recently intensified sea ice formation in the southern Weddell Sea has reinforced the cavity-wide buoyancy-driven circulation (Ronne mode) that maintains the dense water outflow in the Filchner Trough This transition from a more localized overturning circulation under the northern Filchner Ice Shelf (Berkner mode) was caused by pulses of Ronne HSSW that propagated through the cavity along different pathways the ice shelf acts as a delayed low-pass filter such that the variability of HSSW inflows from the Ronne polynya affects water mass properties in the Filchner Trough on interannual time scales further work is required to find out whether the reinforcement of the Ronne mode is a persistent trend or whether it stems from the internal variability of the system This suggests that such feedbacks indeed exist where the outflow of Ronne HSSW-sourced ISW acts as a precursor for the Berkner HSSW production (i.e. by determining the density at which convection that regulates HSSW production may occur) most of the meltwater from FRIS is currently exported through the Filchner Trough and does not affect the western continental shelf regions where the densest HSSW is produced that drives the Ronne mode This indicates that the polynya activity in front of Ronne Ice Shelf really is the main regulator of the circulation of the southern Weddell Sea continental shelf which is under more direct influence of ENSO The mechanisms revealed by our study imply potentially wide ranging teleconnections and lend atmospheric projections predictive power over ocean conditions beneath an ice shelf if we know how the remote atmospheric patterns are likely to change (through coupled climate models) we can improve predictions about the future sea ice formation rates that will dominate the long-term response at the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf All moorings were equipped with 2–4 Nortek Aquadopp acoustic current meters and 2–6 Seabird SBE37 conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensors The different instruments are roughly spaced evenly between the ice shelf base and the seafloor at each location The instruments are sampling at 2-hourly intervals and carry internal batteries designed to last for a minimum of 5 years Data are transferred via an inductive cable loop to an autonomous solar powered data logger at the surface of the ice shelf from where it is sent off the Antarctic continent via Iridium short burst data (SBD) messages for further analysis Each site was re-visited for service and data download 1 year after deployment and a new surface logger was installed at FNE2 in austral summer 2017/18 but the quality of data retrieved varied across the sites such that physically implausible data were discarded during post-processing of the SBD messages Constant temperature and salinity offsets were subtracted from the moored data by comparing the first 10 measurements of each mooring sensor after its deployment with the post-deployment calibrated borehole CTD profile Subsequent drift in each instrument was ruled out by cross-validation of trends between neighboring instruments This because the bulk formulation is basically a linear combination of wind velocity if SFR* would be used to select months of the enhanced sea ice formation events for the atmospheric composite analysis then months with higher wind velocities would a priori be preferably chosen By using the SFR estimate based on time-averaged winds this autocorrelation is suppressed and the composite provides more robust evidence of a relationship between reduced sea ice concentrations and enhanced offshore winds at the ice shelf front Note that different atmospheric reanalysis products may exhibit varying quality of agreement with measurements from meteorological stations and varying decadal trends in wind speed and SLP the atmospheric reanalysis data are foremost used to identify large-scale atmospheric patterns that favor wind-driven sea ice formation in front of the Ronne Ice Shelf those occasions are primarily identified through anomalous low sea ice concentration the selection of months to be included in the composite average of atmospheric anomalies will primarily be determined by the sea ice product and it is reasonable to assume that most reanalysis products will capture similar large-scale circulation anomalies during those times despite the differences they may display under a more detailed comparison Time series of basal melt was obtained from two Autonomous phase-sensitive Radio Echo Sounders (ApRES), one of which was deployed approximately 6.3 km west of FNE1, the other being deployed at FNE1 itself (see Fig. 1 Time series from both instruments overlapped in 2017 and the combined time series covered the period from January 2016 to July 2019 which retain both the phase and amplitude of the signal Each return shows a strong reflecting horizon at a depth of about 610 m indicating the depth of the ice base below the surface assuming a dielectric permittivity of 3.18 throughout the ice column The accurate depth of the ice base is not required here but the phase sensitivity of the measurement means that the vertical motion of the base with respect to the radar antennas can be monitored with a precision that formally depends on the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal: a high signal to noise ratio of 60 dB as in the case of the bed reflection in the present study yields a range precision of less than 10−7 m this thickness variation is the result of a combination several effects: basal melting and the temperature sensitivity of the instrument itself The accuracy of the melt rate estimates is determined by the ability to account for these other effects By assuming that internal reflecting horizons from within the ice column are fixed in the ice we use their changes in range to determine the non-melt-induced contributions to the thickness change including the apparent contribution from the temperature-induced variations in the instrument this allows us to find the thickness change contribution due to basal melting if the internal reflectors are not flat and continuous the vertical strain is contaminated by the horizontal strain component and unambiguously removing its effects is more difficult the strength of internal reflections is relatively low non-melt-induced variations in thickness are difficult to extract This is important for tidally induced vertical strain which is expected to make a strong contribution in this region in which longer-term variability is of interest this difficulty can be simply overcome by filtering the signal to remove variability at time scales of the dominant tidal frequencies Here, 5-day bin averages were computed from the hourly data (and including data from both instruments in the overlapping period in 2017) to obtain basal melt rate time series (Fig. 2a) uncontaminated by other factors affecting the ice shelf thickness As a result of the effects discussed above the estimated error of the derived melt rate is 0.1 m a−1 Mass balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2017 Deep glacial troughs and stabilizing ridges unveiled beneath the margins of the Antarctic ice sheet Observations beneath Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica and implications for its retreat Nicholls, K. W., Østerhus, S., Makinson, K., Gammelsrød, T. & Fahrbach, E. Ice-ocean processes over the continental shelf of the southern Weddell Sea, Antarctica: a review. Rev. of Geophys. 47, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007RG000250 (2009) Observed vulnerability of Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf to wind-driven inflow of warm deep water Twenty-first-century warming of a large Antarctic ice-shelf cavity by a redirected coastal current Hazel, J. E. & Stewart, A. L. Bi-stability of the Filchner-Ronne Ice shelf cavity circulation and basal melt. J. of Geophys. Res.: Oceans e2019JC015848, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015848 (2020) Response to Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf cavity warming in a coupled ocean–ice sheet model – Part 1: the ocean perspective The fate of the southern Weddell Sea continental shelf in a warming climate Long-term coastal-polynya dynamics in the southern Weddell Sea from MODIS thermal-infrared imagery Melting of ice in sea water: a primitive model with application to the antarctic ice shelf and icebergs Basal melt and freezing rates from first noble gas samples beneath an ice shelf On the flow of water out of the Weddell Sea Transport and water masses of the Antarctic slope front system in the Eastern Weddell Sea and Atmosphere: Interactions at the Antarctic Continental Margin 75 Necessary conditions for warm inflow toward the Filchner ice shelf Southern Ocean warming and increased ice shelf basal melting in the twenty-first and twenty-second centuries based on coupled ice-ocean finite-element modelling Phase-sensitive FMCW radar system for high-precision Antarctic ice shelf profile monitoring Janout, M. et al. FRIS revisited in 2018: on the circulation and water masses at the Filchner and Ronne ice shelves in the southern Weddell Sea (in revision). J. of Geophys Res.: Oceans. https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10506824.1 Seasonal Outflow of Ice Shelf Water Across the Front of the Filchner Ice Shelf Maslanik, J. & Stroeve, J. Near-Real-Time DMSP SSMIS Daily Polar Gridded Sea Ice Concentrations, Version 1. https://doi.org/10.5067/U8C09DWVX9LM (1999) Meier, W. N. et al. NOAA/NSIDC Climate Data Record of Passive Microwave Sea Ice Concentration, Version 2. https://doi.org/10.7265/N55M63M1 The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system Ice shelf basal melt and influence on dense water outflow in the Southern Weddell Sea Distribution of water masses on the continental shelf in the Southern Weddell Sea The Polar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environ 85 Algorithms for the computation of fundamental properties of seawater Simulated heat flux and sea ice production at coastal polynyas in the southwestern Weddell Sea Modeling tidal currents beneath Filchner-Ronne ice shelf and on the adjacent continental shelf: their effect on mixing and transport The role of tides in ocean-ice shelf interactions in the Southwestern Weddell Sea Predicted reduction in basal melt rates of an Antarctic ice shelf in a warmer climate Oceanographic conditions south of Berkner Island A New Bathymetry for the Southeastern Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf: Implications for Modern Oceanographic Processes and Glacial History Nicholls, K. W., Makinson, K. & Østerhus, S. Circulation and water masses beneath the northern Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica. J. of Geophys. Res.: Oceans 109, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002302 (2004) Trends in the southern annular mode from observations and reanalyses and lagged influence of the Amundsen sea low on Antarctic sea ice The influence of the Amundsen–Bellingshausen seas low on the climate of West Antarctica and Its representation in coupled climate model simulations Wind-driven trends in Antarctic sea-ice drift Atmospheric influences on the anomalous 2016 Antarctic sea ice decay Recent decrease of summer sea ice in the Weddell Sea Antarctic offshore polynyas linked to Southern Hemisphere climate anomalies Seasonal cycle of hydrography on the eastern shelf of the Filchner Trough Freshening by glacial meltwater enhances melting of ice shelves and reduces formation of Antarctic Bottom Water Impact of grounded icebergs on the hydrographic conditions near the Filchner Ice Shelf Fogt, R. L., Wovrosh, A. J., Langen, R. A. & Simmonds, I. The characteristic variability and connection to the underlying synoptic activity of the Amundsen-Bellingshausen Seas Low. J. of Geophys. Res.: Atmospheres 117, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD017337 (2012) Future circulation changes off West Antarctica: sensitivity of the Amundsen sea low to projected anthropogenic forcing Thoma, M., Jenkins, A., Holland, D. & Jacobs, S. Modelling Circumpolar Deep Water intrusions on the Amundsen Sea continental shelf, Antarctica. Geophys. Res. Letters 35, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034939 (2008) West Antarctic ice sheet retreat in the Amundsen sea driven by decadal oceanic variability Seasonal Antarctic pressure variability during the twentieth century from spatially complete reconstructions and CAM5 simulations Observed Antarctic interannual climate variability and tropical linkages McKee, D. C., Yuan, X., Gordon, A. L., Huber, B. A. & Dong, Z. Climate impact on interannual variability of Weddell Sea Bottom Water. J. of Geophysi. Res.: Oceans 116, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006484 (2011) ENSO-related impacts on Antarctic sea ice: a synthesis of phenomenon and mechanisms The Antarctic dipole and its predictability The interconnected global climate system—a review of tropical–polar teleconnections Understanding the SAM influence on the South Pacific ENSO teleconnection Recent recovery of Antarctic Bottom Water formation in the Ross Sea driven by climate anomalies Absence of 21st century warming on Antarctic Peninsula consistent with natural variability Winter warming in West Antarctica caused by central tropical Pacific warming Download references Graversen for discussions and suggestions during the development of this study was funded by the Alfred Wegener Institute strategic grant and the Norwegian Research Council grant 229764 were funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council under grant NE/L013770/1 SØ was funded by the Norwegian Research Council grants 229764 and 247699 and the EU Horizon 2020 grants 820575 and 821001 Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research NORCE Norwegian Research Centre and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering acquired the funding and provided supervision led the formal analysis and wrote the original draft all authors contributed to the writing by reviewing and editing the manuscript Peer review information Nature Communications thanks the anonymous reviewers for their contributions to the peer review of this work Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23131-x Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. SUPPORT OUR JOURNALISM: Please consider donating to keep our website running and free for all - thank you! King Frederik and Queen Mary kicked off their summer tour aboard the royal yacht Dannebrog Monday, sailing into Bornholm’s Regional Municipality for a day of engagements ashore. This, their first summer tour as the reigning king and queen, kicked off at Honnørkajen in Rønne Harbour with an official welcome by the town’s mayor and a musical welcome from the Royal Life Guards. Afterwards, King Frederik and Queen Mary processed by carriage to the Rønne Theatre, led by the Guardhusar Regiment’s Horse Squadron. At the theatre, they enjoyed an official welcome reception with members of Bornholm’s council. View this post on Instagram A post shared by DET DANSKE KONGEHUS ???????? (@detdanskekongehus) After the reception, the couple travelled to Grønbechs Gård, a space for handicrafts in Bornholm. There, they toured exhibitions dedicated to Bornholm’s recognition as one of the world’s leading craft spaces; and to Queen Margrethe and her well-documented love of and mastery of arts and crafts. According to the Danish Royal Court, Grønbechs Gård artists focus on ceramics, glass, textiles, wood and metal crafts. From there, King Frederik and Queen Mary took a hike from Ekkodalen to Hareløkkerne, a two-kilometre valley through the municipality. For lunch, they joined a campfire at Hareløkkerne and met with representatives from Food Bornholm, a farming initiative that grows greens for sustainable eating and sustainable food production. King Frederik told local news reporters: “You cannot avoid Bornholm in many ways, and of course Bornholm comes back to us. And we come back to Bornholm.” Queen Mary added: “Bornholm shows its best side, and we have been greeted with great warmth. We have experienced nature, art and culture.” King Frederik and Queen Mary then traveled to Østerlars Church to meet with the parish and listen to a performance by the Children’s Choir. According to the Danish Royal Court, Østerlars Church is the oldest and largest round church in Bornholm, and the couple took a tour of the facility and saw its frescoes on display. the royal couple visited the Old Power Station in Rønne They heard about plans to make Bornholm a leading energy hub while also being an educational space for young people King Frederik and Queen Mary hosted a reception aboard the Dannebrog in the harbour at Rønne Havn The guest list included municipal leaders and those from the business Queen Mary said: “It has been a fantastic day and we have had a great experience from the start The fantastic reception on the quay and carriage ride with people throughout The King and Queen continue their summer tour this week with stops in Ærø Municipality has officially received the green light for stage 4 of the port’s development project Environmental approvals of the project mark another step forward in securing the future of Bornholm “This is crucial for the island’s development and the modernization of the port enabling us to accommodate modern vessels and large projects to the benefit of the island,” commented Chief Commercial Officer Stage 1 – completed in 2019 – involved constructing a new harbor section south of the original harbor including Galløkken – completed at the turn of 2022/2023 – expanded quay area and associated hinterland to meet the increasing demand for quays and areas capable of handling heavy loads along with an extension of the new outer pier Stage 3 – expected to be completed by the end of 2024 – involves establishing additional land area and a new quay in the area around the former fishing basin in the South Harbor Stage 4 includes extension of the southern outer fault and a removal of the inner piers and dredging This will result in improved navigation and maneuvering conditions in the harbor with a much calmer harbor base the port will establish a multipurpose quay in the western part of the port The multipurpose quay creates improved opportunities for several business areas (e.g and thus generally better conditions for the port’s customers as a whole Daily news and in-depth stories in your inbox Live Cast George and Clarissa “Babe” Hansen; daughter Sam Maddhi “I love you the most,” all of Iowa City; brothers Judy Barber (Al) of Bennington; brother-in-law David Ronne (Maggie) of Missouri; sister-in-law Judy Albertson of Omaha; numerous nieces and nephews December 2nd at 11am at Stonebridge Church the family suggests memorials to Camp Moses Merrill She was a wonderful lady and was so good to Grandma Reynolds John thought so much of her and I so appreciated how good she was to Grandma Heafey-Hoffmann-Dworak-Cutler Mortuaries © 2024 All Rights Reserved Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Thanks for visiting The use of software that blocks ads hinders our ability to serve you the content you came here to enjoy We ask that you consider turning off your ad blocker so we can deliver you the best experience possible while you are here The new ASO chief executive Katrina Ronne (right) with outgoing CEO Kerry Gallagher The Australian Society of Ophthalmologists (ASO) says progressive change is under way at the organisation with a historic CEO announcement coinciding with International Women’s Day For the first time in the ASO’s 43-year history a woman has been appointed to the role of chief executive officer A media release said that Ms Katrina Ronne — who has served as the ASO’s general manager of policy and strategy for much of the past decade — joined the society at a crucial time following the “infamous ‘Grandma’s Not Happy’ campaign” the campaign sought to protect the Medicare patient rebate for cataract surgery from government cuts and won resulting in a reversal of the then-Federal Government’s former decision to cut the rebate for patients by 50% Ronne is credited with experience in government advocacy and campaign development with a “keen focus on medico-political policy formulation honed from her time with Australian Salaried Medical Officers Federation Queensland (ASMOFQ) and Salaried Doctors Queensland (SDQ)” importantly reinforces that the ASO continues to evolve and grow “Katrina has been at my side and contributed significantly to the development of the ASO this past decade Gallagher will continue to contribute to the ASO now sitting on its board of directors as executive vice chair ASO president Dr Peter Sumich attributes Gallagher’s legacy for bringing the ASO to the forefront of medico-political advocacy in Australia Kerry has been an advocate and champion of the issues impacting Australian ophthalmologists and their patients — and most where we have been celebrating and recognising the achievements of women in ophthalmology encourage your female peers to become members of the ASO and contribute to our growing voices calls for the Australian Government to establish a private health commission or independent authority are now sitting in the in-tray of Health Minister Mr Mark Butler MP The ASO launched an e-petition via the Parliament of Australia website in late 2024 requesting the establishment of a private health commission — or independent private health authority — to restore balance to the “divided and failing sector” The move followed months of ongoing and unresolved disputes between health insurers and the private hospital sector including the closure of more than 70 private hospitals The survey attracted 268 signatures and met the e-petition requirements to be referred to a minister for response “We received confirmation from the Petitions Committee that our signature was presented in the House of Representatives and referred to the Minister for Health for response within 90 days,” Ms Ronne said which we hope outlines sound reasoning for or against the establishment of a private health commission or independent authority.” ASO launches petition to push for establishment of private health commission AMA urges all parties to resolve Healthscope stoush, for the sake of patients Good news for eyecare professionals despite cash-strapped patients downgrading private health cover OPSM and Sunglass Hut have been singled out as strong contributors towards a successful The Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS) has issued an urgent call to governments across Australia to engage in genuine.. Nadine McArthur writes that when a patient is contemplating a future without vision Insight has been the leading industry publication in Australia for more than 40 years This longevity is largely due to our ability to consistently deliver accurate and independent news relevant to all ophthalmic professionals and their supporting industry All content published on this site is the property of Prime Creative Media Donald HessMany families enjoy discussions around the dinner table on the topics of school Emily Hess Levine remembers conversations centered on philanthropy and how to make a difference in the community Emily is the daughter of Ronne and Donald Hess who growing up in Jasper and Birmingham respectively learned the value of paying it forward as children at their own dinner tables a successful retail chain based out of Jasper and Donald’s family owned and operated Parisian a specialty department store chain headquartered in Birmingham for over a century it was a natural next step for the couple to establish the Ronne and Donald Hess Foundation including the UAB Comprehensive Diabetes Center Ronne and Donald’s then 8-year-old grandson (Emily’s nephew) was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes That diagnosis immediately influenced their giving priorities to include diabetes research it meant fueling hope that researchers could find a functional cure for diabetes in their grandson’s lifetime “Supporting the UAB Comprehensive Diabetes Center (UCDC) means supporting hope which affects so many Alabamians,” said Ronne “You have to believe and support your beliefs with your finances and your activism And that is a commitment that we have made as a family - to support diabetes research both financially and with activism because we are able to Emily and Bob Levine’s eldest daughter was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes at age 10 While they had been giving annually to Type 1 causes in the wake of their nephew’s diagnosis the impact of the disease on their own household turbo-charged their involvement in diabetes activism and diabetes was not on our radar before our nephew and our daughter were diagnosed Our desire to support the UCDC and diabetes research may be a bit selfish with the goal of developing a cure in our daughter’s lifetime but we also had our eyes opened and saw the critical need to improve the lives of everyone who lives with the disease,” said Emily minute-by-minute job for Emily and Bob and their daughter this can lead to burnout and mental health issues But even amidst the constant monitoring and daily adjustments the Levines are grateful for the advances that diabetes research has brought to those living with the disease “Insulin pens and pumps are relatively new inventions and the continuous glucose monitor is even more recent We are so grateful that our daughter and our nephew have access to these diabetes management tools,” said Bob “But we need to keep research and technology moving forward and that is what our gifts to the UCDC will do.” Situated in the heart of Alabama and the center of the “diabetes belt” sits the UAB Comprehensive Diabetes Center which aims to improve the lives of those diagnosed with diabetes Without donors like Ronne and Donald Hess and Emily and Bob Levine the Center would not be able to discover new diabetes drugs or expand and publish novel diabetes research “We were at a dance recital recently and saw a child on stage with a continuous glucose monitor on her arm We immediately knew that she had Type 1 diabetes It is one of those moments where you instantly know what they are going through and have an immediate connection.” Emily also stresses the importance of the other critical need in promoting diabetes research: advocacy Her daughter was recently accepted into the JDRF’s Children’s Congress and will travel to Washington DC to meet with members of Congress and serve as a champion to inspire others to fund and support diabetes research and insulin affordability “We have to get on all sides of the equation Whatever it is that you can do to help advance curative therapies for a disease that affects so many “We want to support amazing healthcare here in Birmingham Alabama so that our city and community can continue to grow and inspire,” said Emily “We hope the cure for diabetes is not far away Why shouldn’t the UCDC here in Birmingham be a vital part of that cure?” The Antarctic Ice Sheet is the largest block of ice in the world It covers an area 4 times the size of China and holds more than 60% of the world’s fresh water it forms floating shelves that cool and freshen the salty waters below as they melt Because of the Antarctic Ice Sheet’s vast size and effects on the ocean the rates at which its shelves melt play key roles in influencing Earth’s climate In a new study, Vaňková and Nicholls used 14 ground-based radars to monitor the rate at which the base of the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf (FRIS)—the continent’s largest by ice volume located in West Antarctica—has been melting both seasonally and annually The radars collected measurements at least every 2 hours with the shortest-running device active for several months and the longest-running one active for 6 years the team used ocean mooring data to extrapolate further back in time obtaining up to 15-year-long melt rate time series by far the longest such measurement in Antarctica The researchers found that the highest melt rates follow episodes of low summer sea ice concentrations outside the ice shelf They also showed that the strength of this melt rate signal is spatially nonuniform across the ice shelf In comparing the radar time series with satellite data they found similar average melt rates using both methods the radar data show that melting below broad areas of FRIS varies to a much lower extent than indicated by the existing satellite estimates the time series can help scientists determine whether ocean models are accurately predicting melt rate changes and which regions need further ground-based data collection We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. Search Logo for Cambridge Core from Cambridge University Press. Click to return to homepage. BrowseServicesOpen researchInstitution LoginSearchMenu links Rapid and regionally contrasting climate changes have been observed around Antarctica our understanding of the impact of these changes on ecosystems remains limited and there is an urgent need to better identify habitats of Antarctic species The Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) is a circumpolar mesopredator and an indicative species of Antarctic marine communities It has been extensively studied in the western Ross Sea and East Antarctica and an understanding of its ecology in the Weddell Sea in the wintertime is emerging We documented the behavioural response(s) of four Weddell seals from February to June in 2017 in the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf region and related these to unusual oceanographic conditions in 2017 we found that Weddell seals had the longest foraging effort within the outflow of Ice Shelf Water or at its turbulent boundary They also foraged on the eastern side of the trough from April to June within the Modified Warm Deep Water and seem to take advantage of the unusual conditions of persistent inflow of warm waters through the winter Linking animal behavioural responses to oceanographic conditions is informative for quantifying rarely recorded events and provides great insight into how predators may respond to changing conditions The Antarctic climate has changed rapidly over the past decades, but there is still a paucity of information on many of the effects of these changes on Antarctic marine communities. Thus, there is an urgent need to measure and then forecast how Antarctic marine communities, including Antarctic predators and mesopredators, will respond to these large changes in their habitats (https://www.ipcc.ch/srocc/chapter/chapter-3-2/) we document the behaviour and habitat utilization of four Weddell seals in the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf region in 2017 on the western side of the Filchner trough in MWDW we report the behavioural response(s) of four Weddell seals to the specific oceanographic conditions of the region in 2017 which had longer and warmer MWDW inflow than usual Identifying the distribution and habitat use of a species in different Antarctic regions and understanding its responses to changes in environmental conditions provide a baseline for the future assessment of the vulnerability and/or resilience of some communities to climate change and variability We captured Weddell seals opportunistically on sea-ice floes from the RRS James Clark Ross within the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf region (Fig. 1) Four conductivity-temperature-depth satellite relay data loggers (CTD-SRDLs; Sea Mammal Research Unit University of St Andrews) were deployed on Weddell seals between 17 February and 3 March 2017: two adult males These deployments were part of the oceanographic cruise JR16004 All animals in this study were handled in accordance with the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) animal welfare and ethical review process (AWERB) The experimental protocols were approved by BAS AWERB committee (#1029) on 23 June 2016 the canvas bag was then removed and the sevoflurane administrated (3–5%) plus oxygen at a flow rate 10–15 l/min by mask Immobilization was maintained with 1.5–3.0% isoflurane (or sevoflurane) plus oxygen (~6–7 l/min) The seal's body was covered with a blanket and the animal placed on an insulated mat to reduce heat loss gum colour and level of immobilization were monitored The CTD-SRDL tag was glued directly onto the fur on the seal's head to maximize communication between the tags and the Argos satellites and data transmission We used a two-part epoxy (Araldite AW 2101 and Hardener HW 2951) The combined mass of the tags and glue was 580 g (dimensions: 105 × 70 × 40 mm) the seal was monitored during recovery to ensure the animals were fit before release Dive depth and time are recorded every 4 s dive duration and post-dive surface interval are determined Only the four main inflection points of the time-depth time series indicating a rapid change of the dive shape Errors were present in dive data recorded by CTD-SRDLs missing or incorrect data for dive depth and duration These errors were removed and accounted for 11.4% of the total dataset (i.e temperature and pressure are also recorded and the tags transmitted ~2.0 ± 0.9 profiles per day corresponding with the ascent phase of the dives The data points transmitted for each CTD profile are a combination of temperature and salinity at a set of pre-selected standard depths and at another set of depths chosen by a broken-stick algorithm that selects the important inflection points in temperature and salinity data (recorded every second during the ascent phase of the dives) All times were recorded in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) General information regarding the four Weddell seals tagged in the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf region in 2017 from the RRS James Clark Ross icebreaker This includes information relative to the seals' horizontal movement total number of Argos positions and the number of positions transmitted daily the average distance travelled per day between the first and last locations of each day and the average horizontal speed The proxy for foraging activity for each seal was developed at the dive scale using the method developed by Heerah et al. (Reference Heerah, Hindell, Guinet and Charrassin2015) which estimates the time spent hunting during a dive the time spent in segments with a vertical velocity of ≤ 0.5 m s-1 was calculated This time was the estimated hunting time per dive and was used as a proxy for foraging activity Benthic and pelagic dives were defined based on the bathymetry data from GEBCO Bathymetric Compilation Group (2020) In order to separate pelagic dives from demersal dives for each dive the difference between the bathymetry (HGEBCO) and the maximum dive depth at the filtered dive and CTD position (HDIVE) was computed HGEBCO - HDIVE) showed several modes at a number of depths the demersal dives are all dives close to the bottom (i.e We therefore chose the separation of the two first modes (~0 m and ~50 m) as the separation for demersal and pelagic dives we defined the demersal dives with a depth difference HGEBCO - HDIVE ≤ 50 m demersal dives should all be associated with HGEBCO - HDIVE close to 0; however we consider that the spread of the mode associated with demersal dives (i.e the mode corresponding to HGEBCO - HDIVE ≤ 50 m) results from errors in bathymetry and/or errors in location we found that 3.9% of dives had an average dive depth greater than bathymetry at the same position Those dives were kept and also included within demersal dives We distinguished between seven water masses following the criteria described in Nachtsheim et al. (Reference Nachtsheim, Ryan, Schröder, Jensen, Oosthuizen and Bester2019): Eastern Shelf Water (ESW) non-identified observations were classified as Mixed Waters (MWs) it is impossible to draw sharp boundaries between water masses as mixing always occurs at the boundary between them To identify the water mass used when the seals were foraging we used the water mass encountered during the hunting segments of each dive Each dive was first associated with the closest CTD profile in time with an equal or deeper depth compared with the dive collected by the same individual A maximum time interval of 12 h between the CTD and the dive was set leading to an average distance difference between the CTD and the dive of 8.0 ± 10.8 km 81.4% of dives were associated with a CTD profile as there could be multiple hunting phases in a dive with possibly different water masses used in different hunting phases we selected for each dive associated with a CTD profile the CTD data corresponding of the depths of the longest hunting phase segment in a dive We then selected the most frequent water mass encountered within the longest hunting segment for each dive This water mass was then associated with the total hunting time observed in the given associated dive which is the strong and early sea-ice melting upstream near the Greenwich Meridian The freshwater input from this melting propagates along the coast and influences the dynamics at the thermocline/Antarctic Slope Front in such a way that more warm water can enter the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf hunting time per dive in minutes) of the recorded tracking data for the four seals monitored in 2017 in the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf region Black circles filled by white correspond to site deployments Diving behaviour information regarding the four Weddell seals tagged in the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf region in 2017 from the RRS James Clark Ross icebreaker number of dives (including both dives < 25 m and > 25 m) the percentage of benthic dives and the average maximum depth for pelagic and benthic dives Seals performed mostly (82%) pelagic dives (ranging from 79% to 97%; Fig. 2b & Table II); the average maximum depth for these pelagic dives was 151 ± 126 (SD) m and for the benthic dives was 421 ± 57 (SD) m (Table II) Oceanographic properties encountered by the seals in the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf region in 2017 from conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiles where the maximum depth is within 50 m of the bottom for bathymetry < 500 m and CTD profiles where the maximum depth is at least 300 m for bathymetry > 500 m (i.e This selection excludes those profiles within the surface layer for all seal CTD profiles binned between 74.7°S and 75.5°S (red rectangles in panels a The grey lines show the mean bathymetry between 74.7°S and 75.5°S (based on RTopo-2.0.1) The white dashed lines mark the -1.9°C isotherm (i.e Movement and diving behaviour associated with the oceanographic properties sampled by seals #14412 and #ct128-246 in 2017 represent a time series combining temperature profiles (panels a and f.; the hunting time per dive is coloured at each time/depth inflexion point of the dive on top of the profiles coloured in black) all hunting values above the 75% quantile were set to the 75% percentile values Black dots linked by grey lines represent the bathymetry < 1000 m represent maps of the average time spent (days) for each individual seal per grid cell (~0.08° × 0.08°; expressed in days) computed using the dive data represent temperature-salinity diagrams of hydrologic properties sampled during the longest hunting time segments of each dive from 2017 seal conductivity-temperature-depth casts The colour corresponds to only the greatest hunting time values (i.e Water masses are labelled on the temperature-salinity diagrams ESW = Eastern Shelf Water; ISW = Ice Shelf Water; MWDE = Modified Warm Deep Water; WW = Winter Water Fig. 5. Movement and diving behaviour associated with the oceanographic properties sampled by seals #14408 and #14414. Refer to Fig. 4 for the legend description during the period of strongest inflow and warmest temperatures along the bottom which is the time of the strongest and warmest inflow in that region Oceanographic and foraging information regarding the four Weddell seals tagged in the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf region in 2017 from the RRS James Clark Ross icebreaker the number of conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiles transmitted daily the average hunting time per dive in Eastern Shelf Water (ESW) Ice Shelf Water (ISW) and Mixed Waters (MWs) and the percentage of total dive duration and hunting duration across all seals in each of these water masses Finally, the seals spent 37% of their total hunting time (over the recorded track) in ESW, 20% in WW, 16% in ISW, then 13% in MWDW and 13% in MWs, and 0.7% in HSSW and 0.3% in AASW (Table III) over the sill or travelling N-S over the central part or over the eastern side at the boundary of ISW or within it All seals dived benthically on the eastern side of the trough from April to June within MWDW or an admixture of water masses Seals also seemed to benefit from the strong and persistent inflow of warm waters onto the continental shelf Only one seal travelled northward off the shelf This may explain why the proportion of the total hunting time was higher in ESW and WW the hunting time was higher in ISW and in MWDW we are purposely presenting only a qualitative description of the behaviour of seals instead of quantifying the behaviour Both the female and the three males in our study displayed a mixture of pelagic and benthic dives; however, pelagic dives were more common that benthic dives for both sexes. This is in contrast to what Photopoulou et al. (Reference Photopoulou, Heerah, Pohle and Boehme2020) found where males performed only benthic dives on the shelf and females left the shelf and moved northward We found no obvious sex-specific differences nor any seasonal shifts in behaviour where increased water temperature stratification probably concentrates prey and consequently there are no concurrent data with which to compare the hydrographic conditions observed from the fixed moorings during the 2017 winter This communique based on four individual seals highlights that: 1) Weddell seals seemed to take advantage of the unusual conditions of the persistent inflow of warm waters through the winter in 2017 and 2) Weddell seals were unexpectedly associated with the outflow of ISW on the Filchner trough or at the turbulent interface between ISW and MWDW where their main prey species of Antarctic silverfish is expected to be as well as potentially another dominant prey species This study reveals the importance of documenting seal behavioural responses to anomalous oceanographic conditions as even a small sample provides important insights into potential variability in Antarctic predators' responses to change and/or variability in Antarctic oceanographic conditions This study was coordinated within the framework of the oceanographic cruise JR16004 led by the principal investigator J.-B Sallée on the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) icebreaker This work was funded by an Australian collaborative research structure ‘The Integrated Marine Observing System’ (IMOS) Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES) project and the Antarctic Science Bursary J-BS received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement 637770) SR was supported through a Feodor-Lynen Fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Special thanks go to the Association of Polar Early Career Scientists Lars Boehme for the all of the field advice and Caroline Gilbert for all of the veterinary recommendations All animals in this study were handled in accordance with the BAS animal welfare and ethical review process (AWERB) We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their comments directed the data analysis and shared responsibility for writing the manuscript SL and SR performed the data analysis and made the figures BP and FR performed the calibration procedure of the animal-borne oceanographic data RH and MH provided the instruments deployed on Weddell seals J-BS and SL deployed the tags on Weddell seals in the field J-BS and J-BC helped with the interpretation of the results All authors shared responsibility for contributing to the final version of the manuscript prior to submission Data and data products related to the paper will be available upon publication on the following repository: http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/kwy3gwrwbd.1 Map of the study region with bathymetry and schematic ocean circulation modified from Ryan et al Arrows represent the flow of Warm Deep Water (solid red) intrusions of Modified Warm Deep Water (dashed red) Eastern Shelf Water (green) and High-Salinity Shelf Water (orange) with dashed blue and orange arrows indicating potential pathways The bathymetry data are from GEBCO Bathymetric Compilation Group (2020) Movement and diving behaviour associated with the oceanographic properties sampled by seals #14408 and #14414 - No HTML tags allowed- Web page URLs will display as text only- Lines and paragraphs break automatically- Attachments Your email address will be used in order to notify you when your comment has been reviewed by the moderator and in case the author(s) of the article or the moderator need to contact you directly shared ownership in or any close relationship with any organisation whose interests may be affected by the publication of the response Please also list any non-financial associations or interests (personal religious or other) that a reasonable reader would want to know about in relation to the submitted work This pertains to all the authors of the piece Thanks for visiting WEST OLIVE — Local author Jessica Ronne knows about tragedy Her life turned upside-down in 2010 when cancer took her husband leaving her alone with four children under seven — one of whom had "profound disabilities." the lifelong writer did what she does best Her blog connected her with Ryan — a widower from Oklahoma with three children of his own He and Ronne shared a similar story: Ryan's wife died of cancer around the same time as Ronne's husband “It was truly love at first sight,” Ronne said blending their families before adding an eighth child to the mix Jessica is a published author — and her third book "Lovin’ with Grit and Grace," was released on Valentine's Day Her newest book takes on a range of topics The topics are viewed from a his-and-hers perspective feeding off the couple’s unexpected marital journey “This is the most vulnerable thing I've ever written,” Ronne said “I think the more vulnerable we can be about our story the more hope we can offer people going through tough times.” while the book touches on difficult topics she and her husband are firm believers you shouldn’t write about anything you haven’t already healed from "The bottom line of everything I write is .. not only to see other people and the battles they're facing but also reach out and tangibly do something to help,” Ronne said We don’t care for people the way we used to.” Ronne is a public speaker and associate producer of the documentary "Unseen: How We’re Failing Caregivers and Why It Matters." She's also the founder and executive director of The Lucas Project a nonprofit dedicated to serving parent caregivers Ronne has several speaking engagements in the coming months Learn more at jessplusthemess.com or thelucasproject.org — Contact freelancer Austin Metz at ametz@gannett.com It's not always about the most boost and biggest turbo for this former street racer Nearly 15 years old but powered by a 300hp 300 lb-ft 2.5-liter Boxer matched with a six-speed manual it's still a thrill to drive with a huge catalog of tried and true aftermarket parts to get you faster and to look fly'er which is exactly what Ronne Medina of Las Vegas has accomplished Looks quite at home on the track with nearly 100hp more than stock and tons of goodies geared toward going fast and you're likely to see his STI hitting local Vegas track days for years to come How'd you get into modified cars in the first place Cars were my gateway out of some bad habits I was getting into during my late adolescent years with drug use and getting busted from the cops I first got into automotive building when I got my license at 16 Many "OG's" of Vegas are familiar with Thursday and Saturday night illegal races down Arville Road by the Orleans Casino or Sunset/Valley View before the greater logistics warehouses were built This was to test who actually backed up what they spoke of when it came to their cars Las Vegas was like the firstFast & Furious: You gained your respect by racing some of the fastest cars in Vegas it led to road courses and now show car building All fun stuff that comes with a shiny penny What drew you to Subaru and this particular STI I've always been into modifying halogen headlights and retrofitting projectors into them The 2006 Subaru STi specifically was equipped with a HID projector from the factory It wasn't an engine specification or specific year; it was the headlights that drew me into it Well that's definitely odd but it worked out My friend Devin had owned it for some time and I've always kept a close eye on it he had to move to Alaska due to a move in duty (USAF) The theme is pretty simple: Japan inspired with a USDM left-hand-drive chassis and enough goodies in any angle to continue and support the original products of Japan Many older Japanese cars were my inspiration and I have a lot of older and discontinued parts from Zero/Sports ARC and some other particulars that were collected during my ownership I would have to say the Okuyama 11-point roll bar the funny story with my roll bar is that it went into its discontinued phase while my roll bar was being produced I have the last and final one that went to production Second favorite and rare part would probably be a tie between my Prodrive rear differential cover and ARC blow-off valve ARC did not make too many great performance products but this was a bit special to me because it was gifted by one of my clients The Prodrive rear differential cover probably isn't all that amazing to most people but it's also kind of overlooked because of its location My rear diffuser covers it for the most part but the fact that I know it exists on my car is special enough to me What did you feel was most challenging about building this GD-chassis Subaru I think the challenging context has its play in every aspect of large items on my car From formulating the widebody to making the overall appearance of the car look "stock" was something that raised a lot of my anxiety throughout the process James Anderson in Las Vegas put this widebody together in the most specific format I requested Another challenging aspect was ensuring all the carbon fiber flowed together John Panem of Detailed by Panem helped me compass the wave patterns properly in the many carbon products the trunk was built by my 14-year-old son and I I'm somewhat familiar with audio and wiring in general but creating an entire trunk setup with little to no knowledge my son did research on how false floors work found different rigid and lightweight wood options figured out how to give enough room for my sub-box to fit and basically came up with the entire formula Your average 14-year-old is probably researching how to be the best atFortniteorCall of Duty He was staring at that trunk until it was complete We see a lot of U.S.-built STIs with larger turbos Most of the cars I used to read back inOptionmagazine only produced about 400 horsepower if I invested some of my money into the engine as I did with the overall aspect I don't think I would have made my personal masterpiece I speak to a lot of guys who are engine builders and "go-fast" enthusiasts it's always changing turbos and wanting more it's changing wheels and wanting a different look every six months and I'm at that age where I just want to enjoy the ride have an okay amount of power when I need it Maybe later down the road I'll chase some higher numbers but I'll continue to enjoy myself right here As I've mentioned earlier that ARC never really made great performance products and I sort of had a hiccup at the track where we did the shoot—the O-ring on the ARC blow-off valve caused a leak I've driven spirited here and there and plan to seek some seat time on some road courses I've taken it to our local track twice Well it's a relief to see something other than TE37s When you think Regamasters, you think Honda But another reasoning behind that was because it's a collector's item I just have a soft spot for parts you can't find on any ordinary e-commerce website The specific specs I have were the widest made and one of the rarest to find when my mentor and business partner Lou Bautista told me that we had a set in Japan waiting for me to claim it You're one of the only Subie guys I've seen with L'aunsport aero six-speed manual transmission; SPEC stage 2+ clutch and flywheel Cobb Tuning Accessport Version 3 boost controller; tuned by Flatline Motorsports Fortune Auto coilovers with front air piston lift system; Swift 14K front,16K rear springs; SPC front and rear camber bolts; Okuyama/Carbing 11-point roll bar, front strut bar, master cylinder brace; Whiteline Anti Lift kit; Kartboy Engineering shifter bushings, transmission cross-member bushings; Group N transmission mount; Beatrush rear chassis brace, pitch mount; Prodrive differential cover plate 18x10.5" +18 Desmond Promada Marquis Regamaster wheels; 295/30R18 Toyo R888R tires; EVS Tuning titanium lug nuts Subscribe to our newsletters to get the latest in car news and have editor curated stories sent directly to your inbox Metrics details The average rate of melting at the base of the large Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf in the southern Weddell Sea is currently low but projected to increase dramatically within the next century melt rates increase as changing ice conditions cause a redirection of a coastal current bringing warm water of open ocean origin through the Filchner Depression and into the Filchner Ice Shelf cavity Here we present observations from near Filchner Ice Shelf and from the Filchner Depression which show that pulses of warm water already arrive as far south as the ice front This southward heat transport follows the eastern flank of the Filchner Depression and is found to be directly linked to the strength of a wind-driven coastal current Our observations emphasize the potential sensitivity of Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf melt rates to changes in wind forcing The indicated place names are: Filchner Depression (FD) Luipold coast (LC) and Ronne Ice Shelf (RIS) The observations presented here show that the warm water eventually reached as far south as the Filchner ice front and that the southward transport of warm water is linked to the strength of a wind-driven coastal current thus emphasizing the potential sensitivity of FRIS melt rates to changes in wind forcing Contours of temperature and current vectors (the latter 30 days low-passed) at (a–c) MNORTH and (b–d) MSOUTH The sensor depths (temperature) are indicated on the right axis and the −1.7 °C isotherm delineating the Modified Warm Deep Water is highlighted and wind observed at Halley along the major wind axis (Methods section) Positive values indicate northward current and southwestward (that is The dashed lines in a and c mark the depth of the currents measurements displayed in b,d and e and the period of current observations discussed in the text the grey lines in a and c show the sea-floor depth and the black squares in e mark the episodes of near gale winds before March (a) Data from MSOUTH 375 m depth in 2013 (red points) and hydrographic profiles from the Filchner ice front collected by a Weddell seal in February to October 2011 (black points) and by ship (south of 77.5S) during summers 1973–2013 (grey points) Only data from depths greater than 200 m are included labelled lines show isopycnals referenced to the surface pressure and the black line shows the surface freezing point The approximate θ/S-properties of the water masses found in the region are indicated: Antarctic surface water (ASW); eastern shelf water (ESW); high salinity shelf water (HSSW); Ice Shelf Water (ISW); Modified Warm Deep Water (MWDW); winter water (WW) (b) Map showing the location of the MSOUTH (red star) and CTD profiles (coloured dots) (c) Histogram showing the temporal distribution of ship (grey) and seal (black) CTD profiles The red line indicates the duration of the MSOUTH record The period when modified WDW was observed at MSOUTH is marked in red The effect of strong easterly winds is thus twofold and depends on the time scale considered: on longer (monthly) time scales it depresses the thermocline above the continental slope shutting off the inflow of warm water towards the continental shelf it strengthens the coastal current and enhances the southward transport of warm water available on the shelf while the response of the barotropic current reflects the day to day variability in atmospheric forcing A combination of generally weak easterly winds interrupted by short and intense wind events would allow warm water to reach the FIS front The relative importance of these factors and the wind stress on the interannual variability of the warm inflow are left as a challenge for the emerging community of high-resolution regional models to disentangle The mean current at MSOUTH (500 m depth) is however directed northward both during the period when warm water is observed at the location and when temperatures are below freezing The southward flow of warm water presumably lies above shallower isobaths to the east of MSOUTH The wind and ice conditions in 2013 were unusual but not extreme and it is likely that warm water has occasionally reached the FIS front in other years when observations are not available Our observations underline the necessity for a continued monitoring of the flow in the FD which is rotated 165° counterclockwise from east The correlation is high (r>0.8) for a large portion of the coastal area upstream of FD Volume loss from Antarctic ice shelves is accelerating Assessment of the importance of ice-shelf buttressing to ice-sheet flow Antarctic ice-sheet loss driven by basal melting of ice shelves Persistent inflow of warm water onto the central Amundsen shelf Stronger ocean circulation and increased melting under Pine Island Glacier ice shelf Ice-ocean processes over the continental shelf of the southern weddell sea On the structure and the transport of the eastern Weddell Gyre On the near-bottom variability in the northwestern Weddell Sea The currents off the coast of Queen Maud Land Seasonal inflow of warm water onto the southern Weddell Sea continental shelf On the characteristics of Circumpolar Deep Water intrusions to the west Antarctic Peninsula Continental Shelf Oceanic heat transport onto the Amundsen Sea shelf through a submarine glacial trough Circulation and water masses on the southern Weddell Sea shelf Circulation and hydrography in the Filchner Depression Wintertime water mass modification near an Antarctic ice front and Atmosphere - Interaction at the Antarctic Continental Margin 75th ed Circulation and bottom water production in the Weddell Sea Subtidal currents over the central California slope: evidence for offshore veering of the undercurrent and for direct Identifying fluctuations in the Norwegian Atlantic Slope Current by means of empirical orthogonal functions Eddy overturning of the Antarctic Slope Front controls glacial melting in the Eastern Weddell Sea Wind‐driven spreading of fresh surface water beneath ice shelves in the Eastern Weddell Sea On the nature and significance of the Antarctic Slope Front Basal mass budget of Ross and Filchner-Ronne ice shelves derived from Lagrangian analysis of ICESat altimetry surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica Influence of tides on melting and freezing beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf A suggestion for the presentation of correlations and their significance levels Meier, W. et al. NOAA/NSIDC Climate Data Record of Passive Microwave Sea Ice Concentration, Version 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N55M63M1 (2013) Parametrizing turbulent exchange over summer sea ice and the marginal ice zone Darelius, E. & Fer., I. Physical oceanography from mooring SC in the Weddell Sea. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.860994 (2016) Darelius, E. & Fer., I. Physical oceanography from mooring SD in the Weddell Sea. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.860995 (2016) Darelius, E. & Fer., I. Physical oceanography from CTD in the Filchner Depression (Weddell Sea, Antarctica) during Ernest Shackleton cruise ES060 https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.846962 (2015) Download references The work was funded by the Norwegian Research council through the projects Weddell Schröder and the Alfred Wegener Institute for assistance in mooring recovery with RV Polarstern (PS82) and to S Jensen for help with instrumentation during mooring recovery and deployment University of Bergen and the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and K.W.N planned and carried out the fieldwork The authors declare no competing financial interests Supplementary Note 1 and Supplementary References Download citation has won a turnkey contract for the continued expansion of the Port of Rønne The contract includes the two next phases of the work to future-proof the harbor allowing the Port of Rønne to increasingly fulfil its obligations as Bornholm’s primary supply and business harbor and the Baltic Sea’s canter for green energy MT Højgaard Danmark was also contractor on the first phases of the expansion of the Port of Rønne Stage 3 of the future-proofing is about creating more than 100,000 m2 of larger project area in the south end of the port among other things by partially filling the former fishing basin 280 m long quay will be established opposite the current in the south end of the port This results in improved navigation and maneuvering conditions in the harbor with a much calmer harbor base Work on future-proofing Port of Rønne A/S will begin at the end of 2023 when the necessary permits and approvals are in place ASO CEO Katrina Ronne (left) and ASO members and partnerships manager Sandra Reed at The Westin Brisbane where the 2025 ASO Skills Expo will be held Brisbane is to host the 10th Australian Society of Ophthalmologists (ASO) Skills Expo This year’s event will be held over two days from 31 May to 1 June at The Westin Brisbane ASO CEO Ms Katrina Ronne said the society’s ability to bring members together to network and share experiences was a key advantage of membership with the ASO “Knowledge is power and can come in many shapes and forms,” Ronne said knowledge is gained from others’ experiences and insights which allows our members to review and consider changing their strategic directions in business to achieve success.” The release said that day one of the event would be exclusive to ASO Members and comprise a full schedule of clinical updates Topics would include the role of and medico-legal considerations for artificial intelligence in ophthalmology practice settings how to improve business financial literacy to ensure success in private practice and why ophthalmologists should consider owning medical real estate as we continue to evolve with the times and respond to the issues most important to our members,” said Ronne “If you want to come along and are not yet a member of the ASO sign up now and gain the benefit of membership until June 2026.” non-members will be able to attend the Leaders Breakfast Forum on day two ASO president Dr Peter Sumich said the forum had become an important platform for Australian healthcare thought leaders and advocates to come together and unpack the issues most troubling to the industry we are doubling seats this year and welcome our peers from across the healthcare landscape to join us.” The Leaders Breakfast Forum is sponsored by Ramsay Health Care and will include prominent panellists such as Ramsay Surgical Centres National CEO Ms Claire Thurwood AMA vice-president associate professor Julian Rait OAM and Aller Consulting managing director and health advisor an Australian world and Commonwealth athletics champion turned OBGYN registrar would deliver a keynote presentation before the panel discussion “Having entered medicine after a career change there is much we can all learn about striking the balance between work and family with our goals still firmly in sight and within reach despite the hurdles along the way,” he said Hosting the Brisbane event will be Queensland ophthalmologists Dr Bill Glasson OA and Dr Louise Robinson The 2025 ASO Skills Expo is sponsored by Ramsay Health Care with support from ASO Alliance Partners Alcon Those keen to know more can vision www.asoeye.org Rabbi Ronne Friedman landed in the USSR with a heart valve stashed in his luggage His travel companion had another size heart valve in his suitcase creating a 50/50 chance one would be a fit for the sick patient his luggage inspected and the valve was pulled out He told the inspectors he had a heart problem and carried it with him just in case The inspector didn’t buy it and the device was confiscated someone who applied to leave the USSR but was denied Often times refuseniks were Jews applying to go to Israel Applying to leave the Soviet Union was fraught: Once a person’s request was denied they often lost their job and lived in the real fear of legal ramification At the time, Friedman did not meet the woman in need of the heart valve, just her husband, an imposing man well over six feet tall. One Sabbath years later, there was a service in the atrium at Temple Israel when a tall imposing man and his wife walked in the room — Friedman understood immediately who it was “It was an incredible and miraculous moment,” said Friedman Now retiring from Temple Israel in Boston Friedman is leaving a legacy of inclusion Over his rabbinical career he worked to include members of the LGBT community “He has brought in people who have felt on the margins years ago were not included…someone who is gay or lesbian interfaith marriage,” said Rabbi Elaine Zecher “People know they could be safe and vulnerable and he would show respect for them.” Friedman is originally from the Washington DC area but studied English at Lafayette College in Pennsylvania There was no straight line from Friedman’s college graduation to his role as senior rabbi at Temple Israel but opted for Hebrew Union College in New York and to rabbinical studies A camp experience first sparked his interest in the rabbinic life “My route to all of this is a circuitous result of a series of things I said I would never do but did,” said Friedman During rabbinical school he took a year out to work in Washington who would become his life-long mentor and his predecessor as senior rabbi at Temple Israel this was a turning-point year because of his exposure to interfaith groups and finding his mentor “I think his humanity is his strongest characteristic,” said Melhman about his mentee “His capacity to connect with human beings and respect them [is special.]” Friedman’s first full-time position as a rabbi was in Chicago he moved on to Boston to work at Temple Israel with Melhman in 1978 as an associate rabbi After finding no one to direct the religious education program “I said I would never run a religious school but there was nobody out there,” said Friedman “[He has] a phenomenal ability to communicate with young people and teenagers,” said Melhman Friedman left Temple Israel for a period and worked in Buffalo But he eventually he did come back to Temple Israel in 1999 to fill the position of senior rabbi after Melhman retired In 1992 he performed the first same-sex commitment ceremony at Temple Israel And even before this he was an advocate for gay and lesbian individuals “I always thought gay and lesbian sexuality was not a big deal,” said Friedman “I just didn’t get the prejudice or feel oriented towards disdain.” some members of the congregation confided to him about their sexuality encouraging them to come forward as representatives to the community the congregation put together a museum dedicated to Friedman’s lifetime achievements The museum includes a life-size cut out of Friedman with a sign attached “Let’s take a selfie!” and other light-hearted exhibits such as one labeled “Hair today gone tomorrow,” combined with some more serious displays about his leadership saying his wife has been an “evening and weekend widow” and this will give them more time together Friedman continues to be interested in interfaith groups and possibly as helping other communities as an interim rabbi His said his greatest source of pride is the phenomenal teams he has helped to build and work with Rabbi Zecher rushed out of her office and brought out a piece of paper with the title Psalm 15 written on it “The reason I suggested it to you is that it speaks of a person who has integrity has openness and speaks truth in his heart,” said Zecher later in and email “Rabbi Ronne Friedman…embodies this psalm.” “Eternal one, who may abide in your house,/Who may dwell on Your holy mountain?/ A man of integrity who acts justly and/ Speaks true in his heart….The man who lives in this way shall not be shaken.” Goal is greater percentage of students from low These are some of the factors that admissions officers at Washington University in St Louis are continuing to evaluate as they build the Class of 2026.  Martin announced the university had adopted a need-blind admissions policy and Gateway to Success vice provost for admissions and financial aid.  “It’s incredible that students can now apply here based on their merit and the work they have done and we can provide them the financial aid and resources they need to enroll and thrive at WashU,” Turner said “Admitting talented students regardless of their family’s financial background is just the right thing to do.” The Office of Admissions also no longer weighs demonstrated interest in the admissions process and has adjusted its determination of aid so that financial aid packages are more competitive with peer institutions “All of this together makes us much more accessible to students from a diversity of socioeconomic backgrounds students who are going to make an impact on our community and the world,” Turner said Turner shares how the Office of Undergraduate Admissions will administer the university’s need-blind policy why it has done away with demonstrated interest and what’s next for standardized testing.  How did the admissions process work before adoption of the need-blind policy There was a point in our process where we considered students who applied for financial aid separately Students who had financial need were considered together Once we exhausted the financial aid budget we were unable to admit additional students who had financial need We’re fortunate to have a really strong applicant pool and have a lot of students to choose from but often there were compelling students who needed financial aid we just couldn’t admit And that was sad and frustrating to our team Washington University has made big gains in admitting Pell grant-eligible students But one consequence has been a decrease in middle-income students Will the need-blind policy impact that trend we focused our financial aid on students who fell into categories that are a priority to the university such as first-generation students Pell-eligible students and students who qualify for the WashU Pledge That has created a barbell effect where we have a group of students who can afford to pay the full cost of WashU and a group of students whose families are not as well resourced We were not able to admit many students from moderate-income families given financial aid limitations.And that is an issue because there are really talented students from moderate-income families “Get good grades and you can go to the best colleges.” But in reality And while there are great public colleges and universities what does it say about our country if all moderate-income students are going to public or lower-cost institutions There are brilliant moderate-income students and we want that brilliance here at WashU.  How do you anticipate need-blind admission will change the makeup of the Class of 2026 We believe our new policy will attract more applicants from diverse backgrounds and that the Class of 2026 will be more diverse The goal is to enroll a greater percentage of students receiving financial aid from both low and moderate incomes a greater percentage of first-generation students as well as more underrepresented students of color My team and I are doing everything we can to encourage applications Another big change is that WashU will no longer consider demonstrated interest such as visiting campus or attending a virtual event We absolutely want students to genuinely explore Washington University whether that means participating in a virtual tour or interview or visiting campus But we know that demonstrated interest puts students from rural communities first-generation families and high schools with low college-going rates at a disadvantage because they are often unaware how demonstrated interest can factor into the admissions process We also know from school counselors who serve students who come from more privileged backgrounds that the policy contributes to stress and the gaming of the college admissions process You’ll have a student attending 12 webinars — not even paying attention Some critics argue that schools like Washington University would better serve lower-income students if they changed the early admission process which offers applicants better odds of admission but locks them in to attending Our data show a diversity of students apply through our early programs we worked hard to make sure students from under-resourced backgrounds knew about the opportunities at WashU and had a chance to meet with our counselors to get an early read of their potential financial aid package There are certainly families who need to see their financial aid awards from a number of institutions before they finalize that decision But early decision is an important tool to help us enroll talented students who really feel that WashU is a strong fit WashU will again be test-optional because of the ongoing COVID pandemic but the long-term future of standardized testing is a hot-button topic. What is your opinion?  Part of the problem is the way we finance pre-K through 12 education Students in under-resourced communities do not have the same educational opportunities as students from more well-resourced areas. That impacts learning.College admissions professionals are professionals I’ve been doing this work for some 35 years and at every institution where I have worked we have always used testing within context When you work at an institution that is selective and does holistic admission a test score is used to understand a student and their background and their opportunities It is just one factor.We have research that suggests that testing helps us to predict who is going to be successful in their first year here at WashU because of our current test-optional policy we had more students from diverse backgrounds apply to WashU last year That signals to me that the test-optional policy makes WashU more accessible We will carefully monitor trends in the applicant pool and student success data before recommending whether the university should continue the test-optional policy beyond this year Campus & Community Students Temperature-controlled switch activates sperm, is key to fertility WashU partners with leading St. Louis recreation organizations Brain decoder controls spinal cord stimulation Federal court order a victory for rule of law Tips for Class of 2025 jobseekers How tariff uncertainty will impact economy, businesses Want to Start a Business? Maybe Begin by Being a Gig Worker. Trump’s Budget Cuts Funding for Chronic Disease Prevention Religion in Schools We deliver! Get curated industry news straight to your inbox. Subscribe to Adweek newsletters host Kate Sullivan is joined by Ronne Brown founder of female entrepreneur membership club Girl CEO natural skincare line Herlistic and author of the book From Mopping Floors to Making Millions on Instagram Brown is one of social media’s most influential entrepreneurs inspiring and teaching people around the world how to create six-figure incomes and become debt-free Brown has made her mark internationally in the online and social media business with her revolutionary branding techniques She went from being a statistic to a success story and turned a minimum-wage income into a seven-figure salary within a few short years Ronne is equipping women nationwide with the skills to become the CEO in their businesses Stream the new episode below, listen and subscribe on Apple Podcasts or find it on Spotify Adweek is the leading source of news and insight serving the brand marketing ecosystem.