This report explores the opportunities cash presents to catalyze change in the humanitarian system
examining CVA's journey and highlighting its potential to drive positive change
CVA is arguably the most impactful change in the humanitarian system over the past two decades
delivering choice and dignity to millions in crisis
suggests that its full transformative potential is at risk
This report delves into CVA’s “unfinished business” and its role in enabling choice and dignity for crisis-affected people
The humanitarian system faces mounting pressures:
These challenges necessitate a systemic approach to change
exploring both incremental changes within the existing system and transformational pathways that reimagine humanitarian aid
This report examines two pathways for change:
This report analyzes CALP’s contributions to systems change and proposes opportunities for its future role
This report serves as a call to action for CALP and its members to embrace systems change
ensuring that CVA delivers on its promise of choice and dignity for all people in crisis
It urges CALP to navigate the complex dynamics of the humanitarian ecosystem
promoting both incremental and transformational change to create a more just and equitable future for humanitarian aid
Head of Network Development
RegionsGlobal
Dan February 26, 2025Agri-Business, Education, Event
The California Agricultural Leadership Program (CALP) is accepting applications for its class 55
targeting mid-career professionals in agriculture
The theme this year is “Collaborating from Peaks to Plains.”
Tickets can be purchased online at ColoradoAgForum.com for an early-bird price of $160
Students and Colorado Ag Leadership Program alumni have an opportunity to purchase at a discounted rate
“The class is working hard to bring speakers who embody the theme of “Collaborating from Peaks to Plains
including our keynote and general session speakers
Randy Frazier of Arkansas and The Farm Babe; Michelle Miller,” said CALP Executive Director
CALP is excited continue their partnership with the Butterfly Pavilion
where the pre-forum reception will be hosted on Feb
More information can be found at ColoradoAgForum.com
Follow us on Facebook @coloradoagforum to be the first to know about speakers as they are confirmed
— Colorado Agricultural Leadership Program
— World Beef Expo is pleased to announce that they will be paying $35,000 in cash prizes at the 30th Anniversary World Beef Expo
Junior Market Steer Breed Show and the Junior Crossbred Market Animal Show will each pay out a total of $4,000 to the Top […]
— The 2022 Colorado’s Electric Cooperatives Junior Livestock Sale held yesterday at the Colorado State Fair
raised more than $491,000 in the auction of 139 animals raised and shown by young people from across Colorado
DENVER — The Colorado FFA Foundation is pleased to announce three inductees representing Colorado politics
water and agricultural advocacy into the Colorado Agriculture Hall of Fame
Jerry Sonnenberg (Sterling) and Ben Rainbolt
(Platteville) will all be formally honored and inducted into the Colorado Agriculture Hall of Fame on February 23
Texas — Madalyn Richards ’25 was no stranger to the pressure of the rodeo arena
she had faced countless nerve-wracking moments
before her final run at the College National Finals Rodeo in Casper
a rare sense of nervousness washed over her
It was an unusual feeling for someone who […]
NCBA Warns Cattle Producers That Corporate Transparency Act Reporting Requirements Will Return
First-Of-Its-Kind Project to Improve Muscadine Grapes
Be sure you have your GPS enabled and try again
This document aims to contribute to our understanding of the similarities and differences of supporting community led response (sclr) and Group Cash Transfers (GCTs)
This is an evolving space and not every practitioner will agree with every nuance presented
Email: PSFS.Minister@gov.bc.ca
math and digital skills will continue to benefit from access to free adult literacy programs throughout B.C
The Province invests $3.4 million annually to support the Community Adult Literacy Program (CALP)
CALP funding directly supports the delivery of adult
family and Indigenous literacy programs that help people gain skills in basic literacy
the CALP funding will support 102 literacy programs delivered by 71 providers in 132 communities across B.C
community-based programs help learners gain the skills necessary to pursue job and educational opportunities
access basic services and participate in their communities
The programs are delivered by trained volunteers and offer one-on-one tutoring
small-group classes and drop-in literacy support
and the 2024-25 funding supports the second year of the current funding cycle (2023-25)
the CALP served more than 5,275 core learners:
More than 8,000 individuals also accessed literacy supports on a casual
For more details about the Community Adult Literacy Program (scroll to bottom), visit: https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/education-training/adult-education/adult-upgrading
To see a list of the 2024-25 Community Adult Literacy Program funding recipients, visit: https://news.gov.bc.ca/files/CALP_Recipients.pdf
View the Ministry's latest photos on Flickr
Watch the Ministry's latest videos on YouTube
All of them are public and are located in the town
Next you have an index with all the points that we are going to deal with
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The Azorín Infant and Primary School (CEIP) in Calp has been in operation since the 1980-81 academic year
It has several buildings and the outdoor area is divided into a primary school playground
See more information.
CEIP Gabriel Miró is located in the Gargasindi district
close to other educational centres in the town
See more information.
CEIP Mediterrani Calpe is a public educational centre
It has 3 pre-school units and 6 primary education units
See more information.
Oltá is a Preschool and Primary School that offers support to the educational community at these levels
It has 3 pre-school units and 11 primary units
See more information.
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Communication Mitjà subsidized by the Generalitat Valenciana
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Humanitarian cash assistance at a crossroads
Unlocking the potential of cash assistance to meet people’s humanitarian needs will require greater effort and change
The latest State of the World’s Cash report
highlights that the volume of cash and voucher assistance has grown dramatically
Providing people with Cash and Voucher Assistance (CVA) during disasters and emergencies means that they can decide for themselves how to meet their needs in the face of crises
And a growing body of evidence supports the fact that people usually prefer to receive aid in this way
The use of CVA has been widely hailed as a key component of more people-centred aid
$7.9 billion dollars was transferred as cash or vouchers to crisis-affected people – a 41 % increase from the year before
This is a huge change in humanitarian action given CVA as a form of humanitarian assistance is a relatively recent phenomenon
CVA only gained attention in the wake of the 2004 Tsunami
and then seeing a major increase in use following the World Humanitarian Summit in 2016
Karen Peachey explains some of the reason behind this growth; “One – people prefer it
Cash in a crisis can mean the difference between getting what you want
Two – humanitarian policies have gradually changed to support its increased usage
it’s effective and can be rolled out relatively quickly
and efficiently: which is why we saw so many governments and humanitarian agencies around the world turning to cash as a central part of their response during the COVID-19 pandemic.”
looking at the growth of CVA in dollar terms alone doesn’t provide the full picture: It’s true that CVA volume has increased
but so too has overall humanitarian assistance
In percentage terms the growth does not look so impressive
Currently CVA accounts for 21% of international humanitarian assistance
research shows that if used whenever and wherever appropriate it could form up to 50%
So why does CVA not make up a larger proportion of overall aid
According to the report the answer lies in standing back and looking at the whole picture – the CVA ecosystem is large and complex – every percentage point increase in the use of CVA needs multiple changes within organisations
there are changes needed between organisations – who does what
how they work together and how they coordinate
CVA is not an island – it exists as part of the wider humanitarian system which itself sits within financial
all of which offer incentives as well as barriers to change
What’s clear is that the use of CVA can increase
as the response during COVID-19 demonstrated
after the COVID-19 response its use slipped back – the reasons for that are harder to unpack
Peachey continues; “The truth is that systemic change takes time
After making the big commitments that offer a vision of change
it’s then about changing mindsets across many teams and altering a myriad of systems and processes
And this needs to happens not just in one organisation – but in every single organisation that makes up the humanitarian system
Translating commitments into system wide change is not simple.”
The report also offers solutions towards a more rapid and decisive growth in CVA
stronger linkages between CVA and other forms of financial assistance
offer the potential for greater efficiency and effectiveness
help people to cope with crises and shocks
invest in the health and education of their children
The possibility to link CVA more closely to these mainstream systems represents huge opportunities for growth
The report stresses that it’s not a simple ‘fix’ and won’t be appropriate in all situations
but if investments are made this could lead to a break-through
There are gains to be made in many other areas too
the amount of money transferred to people in crisis) is not the only issue
Improvements are also needed in terms of quality
Peachey explains; *“It’s no good providing vouchers if people prefer cash
or providing cash in a way people don’t like
We need to be thinking more about quality from the perspective of people on the receiving end of assistance not just the metrics of organisations.” *The report highlights good practices around quality
such as co-designing programmes alongside people in crisis
and basing programme design on a robust understanding of the context
It highlights that to reach the most vulnerable 20% of people
CVA must be specifically tailored to meet their needs and help connect them with other services as required
“There’s need for flexibility – a one-size-fits-all approach does not work
As humanitarians we must remain willing to innovate and adapt programmes based on what crisis-affected people tell us
There is so much good practice already out there
the report sounds an alarm bell against the risk of complacency: There remains huge potential to increase the volume of CVA and to make it more people centred
Some feel that the use of CVA is now accepted and the ‘battle is won’
CVA will not reach its potential unless further
changes are made to the underlying structures
and day to day processes of the humanitarian system.This requires ongoing collective effort and commitment from all stakeholders
The State of World’s Cash 2023 provides a neutral
and insightful picture of the humanitarian sector
It provides a compelling message to all humanitarians to work collectively towards an increase in the use and quality of CVA
and increase choice and dignity for people in crisis
A glossary is simply an alphabetical list of terms or words found in or relating to a specific subject with explanations
This is a glossary of terms or words relating to the use of cash and vouchers in humanitarian assistance
The primary objectives of this Glossary are to provide clarity and encourage common understanding and harmonized use of terms and definitions for cash and voucher assistance
Since CaLP produced the first version of this glossary in 2011
the scale and variety of humanitarian interventions using cash and/or vouchers has expanded significantly and brought the engagement of a wider and more diverse community of practice
These changes have also been reflected in an evolving understanding and use of some definitions
and the introduction of multiple new terms
It should be noted that these definitions are intended for application in relation to the use of cash and/ or vouchers in humanitarian programming and may not reflect how some terms are understood in other contexts or by other audiences
revising and updating the Glossary on an annual basis
This process (see flowchart below) is coordinated by the CaLP Secretariat and undertaken through the CaLP Technical Advisory Group (TAG)
The TAG is a group of 25 technical experts in the field of cash and voucher assistance
Feedback on the glossary from anyone is welcomed on an ongoing basis
which is used to inform proposed edits and additions
These proposed changes are put out for formal consultation once a year
after which further revisions are made and put to the TAG for validation
Following this the updated Glossary is published and the cycle begins again (feedback – consultation – validation – publication)
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY FOR HUMANITARIAN COUNTRY TEAM
delivered through humanitarian actors and social protection systems
offer great opportunities for beneficiary impact and alignment with donor priorities – but this potential is not fully utilized
due to lack of a common vision and strategic direction
cash programming takes place at large scale
The scale of the program represents an achievement – but cash programming is fragmented
Humanitarian and social protection systems do not work together
beneficiary caseloads are likely to overlap and coordination mechanisms are weak
This weakness has three major impacts: (1) the most vulnerable may not receive appropriate support and combined program impact is not maximised
(2) the humanitarian system’s resources are used inefficiently
and (3) risks associated with cash transfers are exacerbated
For the humanitarian and social protection systems
the larger impacts of these weaknesses are: (1) that the system
may face challenges to efficiently absorb large-scale funding responding to COVID-19
(2) the response still has a significant way to go to align with global best practice on cash
and global guidelines incuding the Common Donor Approach to Humanitarian Cash Programming and the UN Common Cash Statement commitments
and (3) the system is not optimally placed to build nexus programming
Significant efforts have been made to ensure that cash programming has the maximum impact on saving lives and preventing humanitarian suffering in this challenging context
The Cash and Markets Working Group (CMWG) has been strengthened with additional resources
OCHA is taking measures to support exchange of information about beneficiary lists
A consultant has been selected to support work on data interoperability between WFP
UNCCS agencies have developed a Yemen Action Plan with specific actions around collaborative procurements
All of these initiatives represent steps to improve efficiency– but much still remains to be done
This is a critical moment for the HCT to shape future programming
Both social protection and humanitarian funding cycles are being renewed
donors and implementing partners are reviewing program effectiveness
as well as a variety of projects that can act as building blocks for a more effective system
In order to strengthen humanitarian response in Yemen it is necessary both to take immediate steps to support more effective working between humanitarian and social protection cash programs
Develop a common program vision for all cash assistance
in both the humanitarian and social protection sphere
need to be operating within a shared program vision and framework
donors and the HCT should first develop consensus between themselves
then organise an in-depth workshop with all relevant actors
resulting in a concise shared vision statement and a roadmap for achieving this
aspects of the big picture that are not commonly understood by the major actors (which may include the possible level and degree of overlap between beneficiary lists and district level mapping of interventions) – should be identified
Donors should provide resources and agencies should cooperate to fill in these gaps
the HCT and the donor community should adopt the following principles:
A high-level meeting titled “The Need for a Humanitarian Policy Refresh” took place on 15 June 2023
organized by USAID’s Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance and the CALP Network
The meeting brought together over 130 senior leaders from more than 100 organizations worldwide
to address the pressing issues surrounding cash and voucher assistance (CVA) in humanitarian response
The purpose of the meeting was to launch a collaborative process to develop a collective vision and to refresh and renew policy commitments
ensuring better assistance for crisis-affected populations globally
The collaborative process intends to drive forward the development of CVA as a key means of achieving more people-centred and effective aid
2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Silver Spike Investment Corp
a specialty finance company that has elected to be treated as a business development company
today announced that it entered into a definitive agreement with Chicago Atlantic Loan Portfolio
LLC (“CALP”) for the purchase (the “Loan Portfolio Acquisition”) from CALP of a sizeable portfolio of loans (the “CALP Loan Portfolio”)
The Company will acquire the CALP Loan Portfolio in exchange for newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock with a net asset value equal to the value of the CALP Loan Portfolio
The Loan Portfolio Acquisition is consistent with the Company’s new
The closing of the Loan Portfolio Acquisition is subject to certain customary closing conditions
Assuming satisfaction of the conditions to the transaction
the Loan Portfolio Acquisition is expected to close in mid-2024
the CALP Loan Portfolio comprised 24 loans with an aggregate value of approximately $130 million
CALP has agreed to use reasonable best efforts to add 4 loans with an aggregate value of approximately $43 million to the CALP Loan Portfolio prior to the closing of the Loan Portfolio Acquisition
The Company and CALP may also agree to the addition of other loans to the CALP Loan Portfolio prior to the closing of the Loan Portfolio Acquisition
The addition of certain loans to the CALP Loan Portfolio requires third-party consents
and/or such loans may need to be acquired by CALP
and there can be no assurance that any additional loans will be added to the CALP Loan Portfolio prior to the closing of the Loan Portfolio Acquisition
Certain loans may also be removed from the CALP Loan Portfolio upon the agreement of the Company and CALP
The pro-forma information presented herein is based on data of the Company data as of September 30
2023 and CALP Loan Portfolio data as of January 1
Based on CALP Loan Portfolio data as of January 1
following the closing of the Loan Portfolio Acquisition
the Company is expected to have approximately $213 million in net assets
and investments in approximately 27 portfolio companies
As of the closing of the Loan Portfolio Acquisition
CALP is expected to own the majority of the Company’s common stock
The Loan Portfolio Acquisition was unanimously approved by the board of directors of the Company (the “Board”)
upon the recommendation of its special committee consisting solely of independent directors
The Company’s present officers will continue to be a part of the Company’s management team following the Loan Portfolio Acquisition
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company
“We are very excited to announce the agreement for the Loan Portfolio Acquisition
We believe that the Loan Portfolio Acquisition is a compelling transaction that will enhance value for our stockholders
and we view the Loan Portfolio Acquisition as an important step on our path to achieving greater scale
trading liquidity and access to capital markets for the Company.”
The Company believes that the Loan Portfolio Acquisition is compelling for stockholders for several reasons:
served as financial advisor and Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel LLP served as legal counsel to the special committee of the Board
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP serves as legal counsel to the Company
Eversheds Sutherland (US) LLP serves as legal counsel to CALP
today announced that it separately entered into a definitive agreement with Chicago Atlantic BDC Holdings
pursuant to which a joint venture between Chicago Atlantic and SSC would be created to combine and jointly operate SSC’s
subject to certain Company stockholder approvals and customary closing conditions (the “Joint Venture”)
The Joint Venture would cause the automatic termination of the existing advisory agreement with SSC
upon the recommendation of its special committee
a new investment advisory agreement with SSC to take effect upon closing of the Joint Venture
the Company would be renamed Chicago Atlantic BDC
and SSC would be renamed Chicago Atlantic BDC Advisers
The Company will host a conference call at 8:00 a.m. Eastern Time on Tuesday, February 20, 2024 to discuss the Loan Portfolio Acquisition. Participants may register for the call here
A live webcast of the call will also be available on the Company’s website at ssic.silverspikecap.com
A presentation containing a discussion of the Loan Portfolio Acquisition will be referenced on the call and has been posted to the Company’s website at ssic.silverspikecap.com and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)
A replay of the call will be available at ssic.silverspikecap.com by the end of the day on February 20
The Company is a specialty finance company that has elected to be regulated as a business development company under the Investment Company Act of 1940
The Company’s investment objective is to maximize risk-adjusted returns on equity for its shareholders by investing primarily in direct loans to privately held middle-market companies
with a focus on cannabis companies and other companies in the health and wellness sector
an investment manager focused on the cannabis and alternative health and wellness industries
Some of the statements in this communication constitute forward-looking statements because they relate to future events
future performance or financial condition of the Company or the Loan Portfolio Acquisition
The forward-looking statements may include statements as to: future operating results of the Company and distribution projections; business prospects of the Company and the prospects of its portfolio companies; and the impact of the investments that the Company expects to make
words such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “intend,” “should,” “could,” “can,” “would,” “expect,” “believe,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “predict,” “potential,” “plan” or similar words indicate forward-looking statements
although not all forward-looking statements include these words
The forward-looking statements contained in this communication involve risks and uncertainties
Certain factors could cause actual results and conditions to differ materially from those projected
financial markets and political environment
including the impacts of inflation and rising interest rates; (ix) risks associated with possible disruption in the operations of the Company or the economy generally due to terrorism
war or other geopolitical conflict (including the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine)
natural disasters or global health pandemics
such as the COVID-19 pandemic; (x) future changes in laws or regulations (including the interpretation of these laws and regulations by regulatory authorities); (xi) changes in political
the interest rate environment or conditions affecting the financial and capital markets that could result in changes to the value of the Company’s assets; (xii) elevating levels of inflation
on its portfolio companies and on the industries in which it invests; (xiii) the Company’s plans
particularly with respect to business development companies or regulated investment companies; (xxi) the ability of CALP to obtain the necessary consents for
or otherwise identify and obtain additional loans for including in the CALP Loan Portfolio; (xxii) the regulatory requirements applicable to the transaction and any changes to the transaction necessary to comply with such requirements; (xxiii) the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions to the consummation of the transaction
and the possibility in that in connection that the closing will not occur or that it will be significantly delayed; (xxiv) the realization generally of the anticipated benefits of the Loan Portfolio Acquisition and the possibility that the Company will not realize those benefits
in part or at all; (xxv) the performance of the loans included in the CALP Loan Portfolio
political and governmental risks and other risk factors affecting the business of the Company and the companies in which it is invested as described in the Company’s public filings with the SEC and (xxxii) other considerations that may be disclosed from time to time in the Company’s publicly disseminated documents and filings
The Company has based the forward-looking statements included in this communication on information available to it on the date of this communication
and it assumes no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements
Although the Company undertakes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements
you are advised to consult any additional disclosures that the Company may make directly to you or through reports that the Company in the future may file with the SEC
quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K
Additional Information and Where to Find It
This communication relates to a proposed business combination involving the Company and CALP
along with the related proposals for which stockholder approval will be sought
the Company intends to file relevant materials with the SEC
including a registration statement on Form N-14
which will include a proxy statement and a prospectus of the Company (the “Proxy Statement/Prospectus”)
This communication does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities or a solicitation of any vote or approval
No offer of securities shall be made except by means of a prospectus meeting the requirements of Section 10 of the Securities Act of 1933
STOCKHOLDERS OF THE COMPANY ARE URGED TO READ THE PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS
AND OTHER DOCUMENTS THAT ARE FILED OR WILL BE FILED WITH THE SEC
AS WELL AS ANY AMENDMENTS OR SUPPLEMENTS TO THESE DOCUMENTS
CAREFULLY AND IN THEIR ENTIRETY WHEN THEY BECOME AVAILABLE BECAUSE THEY WILL CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT THE COMPANY
THE LOAN PORTFOLIO ACQUISITION AND THE PROPOSALS
Investors and security holders will be able to obtain the documents filed with the SEC free of charge at the SEC’s website
or from the Company’s website at ssic.silverspikecap.com
executive officers and certain other members of management and employees of the Adviser and its affiliates may be deemed to be participants in the solicitation of proxies from the stockholders of the Company in connection with the Loan Portfolio Acquisition
be considered participants in the solicitation of the Company stockholders in connection with the Loan Portfolio Acquisition will be contained in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus when such document becomes available
This document may be obtained free of charge from the sources indicated above
and under no circumstances is it to be construed as
a prospectus or an advertisement and the communication is not
an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to purchase any securities in the Company or in any fund or other investment vehicle managed by the Adviser or any of its affiliates
Investors:Bill HealyBill@silverspikecap.com212-905-4933
the use of cash transfer programming (CTP)1 in humanitarian assistance has grown significantly
we estimate that $2.8bn in humanitarian assistance was disbursed through cash and vouchers
up 40% from 2015 and approximately 100% from 2014
the move to CTP has strong roots and is set to continue
CTP is widely recognised as one of the most significant areas of innovation in humanitarian assistance
The weekly Global Overview aggregates information from a range of sources and provides the latest updates on and a ranking of current humanitarian crises
CERF funding enabled 12 UN agencies together with 589 partners to provide life-saving assistance in 2016 and 2017 to 22.5 million people in humanitarian emergencies in 47 countries
o Budgeting the cost for dedicated coordinator and information management support in proposals and HRPs
o Building funding into existing mechanisms
rather than seeking stand alone coordination funding
● Developing shock-responsive social-protection is complex and takes a lot of time and relationship building with government
It is key to look at what already exists in government programs and policy as CVA is being designed
including: relevant decrees and laws on CVA in social safety nets (such as the draft ASEAN guidelines)
● Don’t limit the linkages to social safety nets
Other important linkages include: public works
CWG participants agreed that having the government co-lead CWGs was effective in ensuring the strategic relevance of the CWG and also resulted in greater stakeholder engagement
● The CaLP resources were new to most participants but are available online and CWG leads should stay in touch through the following channels:
o Discussion groups registration at: http://www.cashlearning.org/resources/d-group
o CaLP library: http://www.cashlearning.org/resources/library and submit your resources here: http://www.cashlearning.org/resources/add-your-resource
o PQ Toolbox, a step-by-step guide, tools and templates to ensure quality CVA: http://pqtoolbox.cashlearning.org/
o CaLP Glossary: http://www.cashlearning.org/resources/glossary
o Thematic pages on MPC, risk, sectors, social protection, etc.: http://www.cashlearning.org/thematic-area/thematic-area-1
o The Cash Learning Hub hosted by Kaya: http://www.cashlearning.org/capacitybuilding-and-learning/training o Training: http://www.cashlearning.org/capacity-building-and-learning/training-calendar
Through in-depth analysis of the latest data and careful modelling this study maps the current scale of CVA
and unpacks the opportunities and challenges involved towards it fully reaching its potential
4 December 2022 — By Corinna Kreidler
The use of cash and voucher assistance (CVA) has grown rapidly in recent years
nearly doubling as a proportion of international humanitarian assistance since 2016 and now accounting for approximately 19%
Yet it is clear that there is potential to increase the use of CVA significantly more
If CVA were delivered wherever feasible and appropriate
it could account for at least 30% and up to 50% of global humanitarian assistance
The global use of CVA would have reached 30% of the total reported humanitarian operations in 2021
The pace of growth in the use of CVA is slowing
yet we are far from levels that would be achieved if CVA is used wherever and whenever appropriate
This study unpacks the potential – and the barriers the humanitarian community needs to overcome – to fully realise CVA as an effective tool to respond more effectively to the preferences of people in contexts of crisis
The research conducted interviews with 10 non-operational CVA actors (donor agencies
global coordination bodies and Cash Working Group coordinators) and 22 operational agencies
the operational agencies were selected from the three sectors that form the bulk of CVA (food security/livelihoods
it was seen as important also to include some representatives from other sectors where CVA is not (yet) an important modality
To develop an overall figure on the potential volume of CVA
data was combined from CALP’s and DI’s data collection and calculations
agencies shared and public quantitative targets for CVA
Proxy targets were identified for other agencies
based on the assessments made by key informants
For organizations without any information on CVA targets
we added actual volumes of CVA implemented in 2021
Whilst this report looked at the potential to scale CVA
The evolving landscape of cash and voucher policies examined the policy gaps and opportunities to improve in this area
the reports provide new insights into what is possible
the complex web of policies that influence the humanitarian system and the impediments to change
effective aid: The urgent need to accelerate progress on cash and voucher assistance for people in crisis summarizes the essence of the two reports and concludes that there is an urgent need for a new policy direction
We would encourage those whose work involves supporting people in crisis to continue engaging in a dialogue about the future of CVA – and establish and/or renew CVA commitments so that we do not miss this opportunity to make a difference for people affected by crisis
If you would like to stay abreast of any formal events of developments
please sign up to receive emails from the CALP Network
People looking to improve their lives through improved reading
math and digital skills will benefit from increased access to free adult literacy programs throughout B.C
“Improving literacy and numeracy skills is a large step forward that has a massive impact on people’s quality of life
improving job and career prospects and thriving in B.C.’s robust and strong economy,” said Selina Robinson
Minister of Post-Secondary Education and Future Skills
“This investment will connect people with the skills they need to take the next step in their educational and career journey.”
this funding will support 102 adult literacy programs to be delivered by 71 providers in 132 communities around B.C
that will support more than 16,000 people in the province
This annual investment builds on last year’s 97 programs in 128 communities
“Adults who increase their literacy and essential skills have more job opportunities
are more likely to continue their education and have better health – creating brighter futures and resilient communities,” said Sandra Lee
executive director, Decoda Literacy Solutions
“Decoda is proud to work with the Ministry of Post-Secondary Education and Future Skills to support Community Adult Literacy Programs across the province
This funding allows us to provide training
professional development and resources for adult literacy providers in over 100 communities.”
family and Indigenous literacy programs help people gain skills in basic literacy
life skills and employment preparation
The programs are delivered by trained volunteers and include one-on-one-tutoring and small-group classes
“When people have strong literacy skills
their ability to advocate and make informed decisions for themselves and their families increases
their earning potential is greater and they become engaged community members,” said Desneiges Profili
Columbia Basin Alliance for Literacy (CBAL)
“Empowering people to take charge of their learning better prepares them to acquire the skills needed in today’s changing world
With thousands of learners walking through CBAL doors every year
CALP funding is essential to ensure community members get the support they need to not just survive
the $3.4 million annual funding will support 102 programs delivered by 71 providers in 132 communities throughout the province
CALP programs served more than 4,250 learners:
It is estimated that 15% of the world’s population has a disability and evidence has shown that those with a disability are likely to be disproportionately affected when a crisis hits
In a 2015 global consultation carried out by Handicap International
75% of respondents living with a disability
the majority of whom had been directly impacted by a crisis
reported that they did not have “adequate access to basic assistance such as water
92% of the humanitarian actors surveyed estimated that people with disabilities “are not properly taken into account in humanitarian response”
A Charter on Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action was launched in Istanbul at the World Humanitarian Summit in May 2016
The Charter has received endorsement from over 140 governments,organizations and agencies
and demonstrates a broad commitment to advance effective inclusion of persons with disabilities across the humanitarian system
The Charter includes a commitment to promote inclusive response and services in humanitarian contexts
to ask how and where cash transfer programming fits into this picture
This article comprises a light review of the relevant literature
aiming principally to bring attention to this question:
As the movement for cash transfer programming advances
how can we ensure that people with disabilities are not left behind in cash transfer programming for emergencies
Humanitarians maintain “do no harm” as a fundamental operating principle
CaLP North America’s 2016 needs assessment found that the level of rigor and documentation applied in identifying and evaluating evidence about the effectiveness
and risk of different response options to decide on the “best fit” for a given humanitarian problem and context varies greatly between organizations
known as “response [options] analysis,” justifies response decisions and demonstrates due diligence efforts to do no harm
it is increasingly required for proposals to donors
including the recently released USAID Office of Food for Peace’s Emergency Food Security Program 2017 Annual Program Statement
This research reviews lessons learned about response analysis from multimodal responses
responses in which practitioners determined that more than one response modality between cash
was a “best fit” or in which the conclusions about “best fit” changed over the course of the project.1 The research hypothesizes that comparing the reasons for choosing different types of response within the same project and among the same beneficiaries should provide concrete examples of the relative importance of different criteria in response and
the conditions under which cash or vouchers or in-kind assistance may be most appropriate
This work does not aim to inform technical or operational considerations of how to do cash transfers or multimodal programming
and decision-makers develop and articulate the nexus between emergency context and response through concrete examples of response analysis
both at project design and throughout a response
The cases analyzed in this study span the globe and include low-
The crises include sudden-onset and slow-onset natural disasters
as well as sudden-onset and protracted conflict
While some lessons may be reflected in multiple case studies
Beneficiary-centered response is a common theme in current political discourse; humanitarians tend to design responses to fit the average needs of a typical beneficiary
The first case study with the Canadian Red Cross response to the Alberta wildfires in 2016 provides a concrete example of what one approach to beneficiarycentered response looks like
The South Sudan case study with World Vision illustrates the importance of beneficiary preference and buy-in to any assistance project
particularly in conflict contexts in which protection is a major concern
This case also demonstrates why response analysis is not a one-off analysis at project design
but a continuous analysis throughout the project cycle
CRS in Guatemala found that strong response analysis allows assumptions
such as about the significance of real and perceived risks to beneficiary safety or of restrictions vs
both CRS and Samaritan’s Purse have very similar USAID-funded emergency programs with clearly defined and well-practiced assessment and response analysis processes that explicitly allow for the most appropriate response
switching modalities over the course of implementation as appropriate
the experience of the Red Cross Red Crescent Movement illustrates the significance of organizational capacity and preparedness in response analysis
CRS demonstrated an alternative approach to beneficiary-centered response allowing for variation in market appropriateness in different areas
Oxfam in Myanmar demonstrated the value of evidence-based response analysis to building buy-in for response changes among beneficiaries
particularly in sensitive and protectionchallenged environments
General conclusions drawn from multiple cases include:
An analysis of multimodal programming expects that there may often be multiple “right” responses in a given context
It is because the various goods and services needed may involve different supply chains with different regulatory environments (imported commodities
and cultural contexts (including willingness to pay) that different modalities may be appropriate
the general information categories needed for response analysis are quite similar across sectors suggesting that a harmonized approach to response analysis would be appropriate
the case studies did not demonstrate financial cost savings as a major decision-making factor for choosing between cash
the most influential arguments in deciding a given modality mix included: time to delivery
organizational capacity (human resource availability or experience)
market supply response capacity (trader capacity)
Respondents felt the human-resource cost of preparing or maintaining multiple pipelines for more or less simultaneous delivery was high
suggesting that it may not be reasonable to assume efficiencies through simultaneous distribution of these multiple types of goods and services
particularly at the beginning of a project or in a true emergency context (Nepal
switching modalities once multiple pipelines and products are established is relatively straightforward (Canada
progressive change; and well-communicated contingency planning contribute to trust and change acceptance
Engaging stakeholders in rigorous situation and response analysis contributes to acceptance and trust and is particularly important in volatile and sensitive contexts
A NOTE ON IMPLEMENTATION LESSONS FROM MULTIMODAL PROGRAMMING
In addition to illustrating lessons about how organizations decide on a modality or project design from a strategic response analysis perspective
the case studies also generated some lessons about enablers and barriers in implementing multimodal programming
ENABLER: A RESPONSE ANALYSIS MINDSET WITH BALANCED
The case studies demonstrate that a favorable “mindset” or level of “buy-in” was a significant factor in being able to implement simultaneous modalities or to switch
The case study research provides indicative evidence about buy-in among the following stakeholders: senior technical advisors and management
both at project design and as a part of project monitoring
may be more inclined to result in multimodal response decisions
different mindsets or levels of support for multimodal programming may be rooted in differences in prioritization of the criteria being evaluated in response options analysis
senior management support for multimodal programming of multiple types of pipelines may not be effective without the commitment of additional human resources as compared to programming a single commodity type
to deliver from multiple pipelines with different actors and regulatory environments (e.g.
mobile money) than it does from one pipeline or from multiple pipelines within the same regulatory environment (e.g.
Leadership may demonstrate support by committing funds to piloting or to full-scale implementation as well
Myanmar and South Sudan demonstrate that when support from local authorities or beneficiaries is low
it will take more time than expected to build confidence and trust in change
ethnic tension was at least a partial driver of the emergency context
differences in ethnicity between actors predominant at different points in the supply chain prompted a higher prioritization of security and protection concerns among beneficiaries and authorities
Reducing change expectations by taking incremental steps (i.e.
piloting in smaller areas and not switching from 100% in-kind rations to 100% unconditional cash all at once) and investing in contingency pre-positioning of preferred methods are likely to be appropriate in this context
If an organization’s staff has reservations about the different modalities applied or the switch
their ability to creatively identify the best solutions during implementation may be compromised
Experience is a strong argument for this audience
CRS’s approach to building internal support for cash and voucher programming throughout the organization is widespread piloting
demonstrated here in the Guatemala and DRC cases using electronic vouchers
CRS uses strong response analysis to identify staff assumptions and acknowledge their concerns
staff experience the advantages and disadvantages of change and work together through additional mitigation strategies that might be appropriate
This process may help to inform and align response options analysis priorities in a given context
In addition to funding explicitly multimodal programs
donors may enable or inhibit modality switching
in particular through the degree of budget management authority or flexibility they delegate to implementing organizations
it would be difficult for an implementer to change modalities in response to changing context if the donor requires approval for changes of more than 10% to predefined budget lines because of the differences in the structure of the pipelines for different types of commodities
Another factor influencing donor support is the degree of prioritization of cost or cost efficiency in proposal analysis
Preparing and delivering multiple pipelines and maintaining them as a contingency investment may not be the cheapest response option in the short run
the degree to which a donor prioritizes (or allows implementers to prioritize) response analysis criteria other than cost (e.g.
etc.) may influence its support for multimodal programming
the authority of field-based donor representatives to fit response analysis priorities or financial systems poorly adapted to multimodal programming
Several operational and preparedness-specific factors support the enabling of multimodal programming
and in-kind response options equitably in each context requires appropriate preparation of multiple pipelines
if commodities are pre-positioned and similar pre-agreements are not in place for cash or vouchers
then cash and vouchers cannot be given equitable consideration in response options analysis even if they may otherwise be similarly or more appropriate
Several case studies mentioned the relative administrative ease of switching modalities once appropriate framework agreements were in place
Maintaining these agreements and good relationships with these providers allows implementers to pause and restart pipelines as needed for modality switching
Strong relationships with vendors may help identify the most appropriate division of procurement responsibility between the implementing partner and service providers
the decision to switch a portion of transfers to cash reduced the procurement demands on the implementing partner and its suppliers
resulting in an unexpected improvement of the timeliness of suppliers’ rice distributions
Operational capacity was an important deciding factor in response analysis in several cases
Technical and operational teams should have the skills
vouchers or in-kind (or a combination thereof) as appropriate
The Red Cross Movement implemented this “one team” approach in Nepal after finding in the Philippines that maintaining separate teams of cash/voucher and in-kind experts exacerbates internal coordination obstacles
Organizations with access to resources for piloting
will be able to test response analysis assumptions and develop and maintain internal capacity and confidence
Such resources may also serve as contingency funds allowing for a modality switch in the event of a change of context for a project without sufficient budget flexibility
The most significant obstacle to programming multiple modalities simultaneously or to switching modalities would be an institutional commitment to specialize in only one modality
Specialization in one modality of assistance
and clear rules for both engagement and nonengagement risks
results in an organization built as a hammer that interprets both screws and bolts as types of nails
Such an organization would not be flexible enough to adequately respond to changing circumstances
This kind of organizational commitment to a single modality
can present an institutional barrier to multimodal programming
particularly those in which multiple modalities were intended to be delivered simultaneously but were not (Guatemala
the effort to prepare multiple pipelines is greater than for one single pipeline
while simultaneous delivery is more efficient
particularly in the earliest stages of an intervention
While these factors do not prevent multimodal programming
the time and human resource costs should be properly considered during response analysis.In conclusion
further study relating experience from these case studies and CaLP’s Organizational Cash Readiness Tool (OCRT) may be useful as a future area of research
stresses a need to enhance vocational skills of single mothers in the country
Executive Director Samuel Jacobs says enhancing skills of single mothers wouldgo a long way in enabling them to cater for their children
He explains CALP is partnering with the Israeli Embassy for Ghana
Liberia and sierra Leone which has provided sewing machines and hairdressing materials to train 30 single mothers in tailoring and beautician
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According to ‘The State of the World’s Cash 2018’ report
the biggest barrier to the more effective and extensive use of cash and voucher assistance (CVA) is the perceived risk that cash represents
mainly due to concerns about the misappropriation or leakage of cash
The report notes an example of a double standard
in that donors may tolerate the diversion of a modest proportion of in-kind aid but may be much more sensitive when it comes to cash since it is viewed as posing a greater risk
specifically in relation to money laundering and the financing of terrorism
Global Objective 2 of the Cash Learning Partnership’s (CaLP’s) Global Framework for Action seeks to ensure that cash is routinely considered
there remain barriers and constraints to the systematic adoption of CVA
particularly unconditional and unrestricted modalities
Although the evidence shows that cash is no riskier than any other form of aid,1 there is often increased scrutiny from some donors of implementing partners’ risk management policies and procedures
This is exacerbated by the fact that some humanitarian organisations lack the guidance and capacity to confidently manage compliance with anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorist financing (CTF) regulations (also referred to as AML/CTF regulations)
Transferring funds to the country of operations – challenges in identifying competent and willing banking providers and other FSPs to transfer funds to a country of operations
Identifying in-country service providers – challenges related to ‘Know Your Customer’ (KYC) regulations and financial sector identity checks by in-country FSPs
Beneficiary identification and data security – challenges relating to AML/CTF regulations and international sanctions regulations regarding CVA recipients
The approach taken by the study was to consider each challenge and to identify the relevant regulations and policy statements
and possible solutions for CaLP members for planning future responses
this briefing note summarizes the key findings for each of the challenges and is targeted at CVA practitioners
This briefing note does not aim to provide operational guidance
This is largely available in existing tools and guidance
including those found in CaLP’s Programme Quality Toolbox2 and the Consortium for Financial Access’ guidance for NGOs on improving access to financial services.3
About 733 million people faced hunger in 2023
equivalent to one in 11 people globally and one in five in Africa
according to the latest State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World report