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For more information, please see our Privacy Policy These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched off These cookies help us understand how visitors interact with our website These cookies are used to track visitors across websites to display relevant advertisements Metrics details Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) can promote different types of governance arrangements to address the triple challenge of biodiversity loss do not explicitly incorporate climate change into the ecosystem’s capacity to provide services we explore why and how to incorporate climate uncertainties using as example the Altos de Cantillana Nature Reserve a unique biodiversity hotspot in Central Chile prioritized ecosystem services (ES) were grouped in bundles and linked to measured and modeled impacts of climate change on key water-related processes institutional barriers to PES were identified from case studies and analyzed considering challenges in a changing climate bundles with different levels of risk were matched to six recommendations that better incorporate levels of risks to the uncertainty of climate change into Payment for Ecosystem Services in Chile Advancing the Sustainable Development Goals requires simultaneously addressing climate change biodiversity loss and air pollution challenges (see Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework and the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework) and restoration of forest ecosystems is an essential local climate action that addresses the triple challenge as it is connected to important cross-scale ecosystem services the goods and processes provided by ecosystems carbon sequestration) benefits to human wellbeing ecosystem services (ESS) such as the absorption of carbon dioxide (which helps to tackle pollution) regulation of local temperature (which mitigates the impacts of climate change) and provision of habitat (which helps to address the challenge of biodiversity loss) are synergistically contributing to local and global climate mitigation and adaptation Public payment schemes: the government is the beneficiary and pays land or resource managers to enhance ecosystem services on behalf of the wider society Private payment schemes: usually self-organized deals where both beneficiaries and providers are private entities or persons Public–private payment schemes: where both government and private funds are pooled to pay a private provider Questions remain about whether and how we should incorporate climate uncertainties in future institutional arrangements to manage ecosystems a The hotspot is located in Central Chile c the area that belongs to the reserve (red line) is located in the Aculeo lake basin (blue line) The Altos de Cantillana Nature Reserve was created in 2008 as an initiative of the Altos de Cantillana Corporation a private organization made up of four agricultural families for the establishment of the Altos de Cantillana Corporation various organizations and actors participated in the establishment of the Altos de Cantillana Corporation The Cantillana Corporation is responsible for the roles of administration research and monitoring (in coordination with universities) the Cordón de Cantillana was declared first priority site number one for the conservation of biodiversity in the Regional Strategy for Conservation which included 205,000 hectares between Laguna de Aculeo As there is no regulation for state funding of private conservation in the case of the Altos de Cantillana Reserve the main source of income comes from the Emissions Compensation Plans (PCE) from companies that once submitted an environmental study to the Environmental Evaluation Agency (Servicio de Evaluación Ambiental) and are obliged to compensate for suspended particulate matter by maintaining the forest that helps to capture and retain this material A PCE is not a Payment for Ecosystem Services arrangement but a mechanism through which atmospheric emissions are reduced or transferred between various types of sources as long as they comply with the considerations established in article 63 of the D.S 31/2016 of the Ministry of the Environment (MMA) which establishes the Atmospheric Prevention and Decontamination Plan for the Santiago Metropolitan Region (PPDA).The holders of projects activities and/or modifications of existing projects must present and implement PCE that once submitted to for Environmental Impact Evaluation their Environmental Qualification Resolution (RCA) indicates that they are obliged to offset emissions will have to be a scheme with a private provider where the beneficiary can be another private entity or the government The 24 interviewed stakeholders assessed 29 services, including 13 cultural services, and suggested 8 new ecosystem services that were included (with an asterisk in Table 1) Importance ranking resulting from the tally of importance and vulnerability and forage provision as the most important ES The highly prioritized ES were evaluated in terms of its interconnections between variables, as well as their potential to be incorporated in the hydrological modeling (see step 2 in Fig. 2) This analysis resulted in a coupled climate-hydrological-ES model associated with 3 ES bundles that can be linked with three water-based variables: evapotranspiration As there are always complex connections and trade-offs in social-ecological systems we do not attempt to demonstrate how all these ES in different bundles are connected but to describe how the main ecological characteristics and their differential vulnerability to climate change an aspect related to the ES of beauty of landscape in this bundle we grouped clear air and carbon dioxide sequestration temperature regulation and landscape beauty the less resilience of woody vegetation does not necessarily impact other ES such as the different recreational activities that are also valued in the site and may support for longer time climate impacts Bundle 2- ES affected by runoff: A secondary effect of climate change on precipitation and temperature in this drylands ecosystem is a change in water runoff Browning and declining forest phenomena affecting the Leaf Area Index impacts directly affect rainfall interception Average runoff rates are important for biodiversity in general (e.g. Some culturally important ES are the native herbs and shrubs for grazing and the traditions related to cattle muleteers in the high mountains Impact on biodiversity is associated with loss in structure and diversity of vegetation endangering the ecological stability of the ecosystem In the reserve the vegetation communities have different intra and interspecific relationship like providing food for exotic and native primary consumers (e.g. Oryctolagus cuniculus and Octodon degus) that are essential for native predators (e.g. and floral performance for pollinators (e.g. in addition of its uses for natural medicine (e.g. Peumus boldo and Otholobium glandulosum usually used for stomach pain relief) Biodiversity is also associated with the importance of the site for scientific research and educational activities in this group we include Biodiversity and ESS that are connected such as food provision Color depicts different types of ES (blue= provision pink =cultural) and size represents the importance given by stakeholders although climate change projections suggest increases in temperature in the basin decreased water availability will also drive the reductions in actual evapotranspiration of 12.2 to 20.2% under the SSP45 and the SSP85 scenarios respectively as the Aculeo basin is predominantly covered by native forest and shrubland which modulate the natural hydrological cycle it is also expected that runoff will suffer large impacts due to climate change the projections suggest decreases of about 27.3% to 42.8% by 2050-2080 compared to the 1980-2010 period considering the moderate and pessimistic scenarios (SSP245 and SSP85) respectively These scenarios were selected as they allow for the analysis of projection outcomes within a plausible range of greenhouse gas emissions in response to the commitments made by countries in climate change framework conventions The SSP45 scenario represents a middle-of-the-road pathway based on the potential outcomes of the recently enacted Climate Change Framework Law in Chile and the SSP85 represents a high-end forcing pathway which provides a more conservative scenario Finally, according to Table 2 the climate change projections for the Aculeo basin indicate reductions of around 20.9% to 36.9% in infiltration for the 2050-2080 period compared to the 1980-2010 period as infiltration is directly related to groundwater availability in the basin a water source that is supporting most ecosystems after a decade of drought According to the coupled climate-hydrological results (Table 2), there are different levels of risk to ES that are connected to these water-related variables. Although Table 2 shows that runoff will be the variable with the higher impact bundle 2 of ES has a longer time possibility of being affected by climate change as its process has a more delayed response than evapotranspiration Bundle 3 has a lesser risk of being affected in the short term by climate change as it will require an important impact on vegetation and increase in the frequency of intense rainfalls storms that will be less common than droughts in Central Chile the ES involved in bundle 3 could theoretically be enjoyed for a longer time in this site in a climate change future scenario and include risk control half runoff decrease will impact current aquifer sources that are supporting ecosystems On the identification of climate change’s potential impact in a traditional Payment for Ecosystem Services (see section 2 in Fig. 2) information on the 10 PES cases in South America allowed to identify the following types of recommendations related to current PES challenges: it has been found that participants have more confidence in the process when public authorities are the ones that establish rules and formalize agreements within legal frameworks local and regional scales allow the communities to better identify with the actors and intermediaries and for the joint monitoring of costs and benefits than a total economic valuation of the service itself since the former can represent important barriers to participation if extraction of the resource is more profitable than conserving it for beneficiaries (e.g. if extracting wood has a greater economic value than conserving the forest for landscape beauty enjoyment) From these recommendations, we found that some of the guidelines for the PES design (b) and chosen ecosystem service (c), were important considering current uncertainty with climate change (Table 3) we identify 6 new institutional arrangements for private PES regarding climate change: Make the climate risks transparent in the arrangement: include a step of beneficiaries and providers discussing and making transparent climate-related uncertainties with the ES that is part of the potential arrangement If doing so entails complexities and excessive costs (e.g. if there is no scientific information nor technical capabilities to implement a study) compliance agreements will have to withstand higher levels of risk there are ecosystems with greater tree diversity (sclerophyllous moist forest) or with lower regeneration rates (ecotone shrub-trees forest) that could have priority for climate-sensitive institutional arrangements Identify possible ranges of flows under different scenarios: Include ranges of ES flows in PES contracts as static flows will be very difficult to maintain by a provider fuzzy rather than crisp thresholds of compliance will better adjust to the new reality Identifying bundles with different levels of risks is also part of this alternative ES bundles could support decisions in contexts of uncertain understanding of the climate-ES flow connection Participatory selection of these ranges may also represent an important aspect of recommendation A Given the three levels of vulnerability associated with each bundle identified in the Altos de Cantillana reserve, in Table 4 we exemplify how these institutional arrangements recommendations for PES could be associated with the level of risk for each bundle there are costly actions related to measuring and studying climate change (recommendations C will have to be part of the Provider actions and therefore these need to be an important initial consideration before getting into any negotiation with a beneficiary This study conveys that in a more complex future Payment for Environmental Services institutional agreements must be flexible enough to adapt to changing conditions which in many cases will include climate impacts on the flow of ecosystem services on which agreements are based upon there is potential in establishing gradual institutional strategies based on different climate scenarios over ecosystem services prioritized by stakeholders and organized in bundles linked to hydrological variables that will be affected by those climate change scenarios Once ES bundle levels or risk are identified it is possible to have a better understanding of the levels of risk associated with the flow of ES under a PES agreement Based on this analysis we propose six recommendations for institutional arrangements that incorporate a climate uncertain future in some of the most climate-based challenges in PES: (1) make the climate risk transparent in the agreement (5) incorporate attribution analysis in monitoring and (6) identify possible ranges of flows associated to bundles of ES under different climate scenarios PES institutional recommendations in this study can then be incorporated in agreements over the Cantillana Reserve and according to the different levels of climate change associated risk identified some aspects that require further discussion: On the stakeholders’ ES priorities elicited with the questionnaire results show that they are conscious of the benefits received from the Cantillana Mountain range Recognition of vulnerability along with importance results in prioritizing ES that are usually considered in PES: biodiversity water provision was mentioned as an important service Given the usually good quality of water that comes from the high Andes it is probably not a distinction that stakeholders usually make in this basin Another important result was that four of the newly suggested services were prioritized (risk reduction were not prioritized even by the same stakeholders that suggested them in the first place More knowledge in the functioning of these ecosystems may result in rearrangement of the bundles configuration (e.g. biodiversity more directly impacted with infiltration that with rainfall) it will be very difficult to ensure continuous supply and quality of the ES under current rainfall and temperature conditions This factor is crucial as the hydrological projections do not include human water extractions (e.g. irrigation and consumption) that will further exacerbate impacts on infiltration and may cause more risk in associated ES the methodological approach followed in the Cantillana Reserve was useful for quantifying the risk of ES bundles dependent on the water cycle and connecting them with climate change impact while using existing hydrological models that are going to be the decision-making tools for water planning and climate adaptation actions (Climate Change Framework Law 21.455) This is an important line of research as climate change and ecosystem services studies usually demonstrate flow implications but do not necessarily translate them in the contract itself Future work will be to evaluate how a PES governance scheme based on bundles and flexible contract rules could be received by potential beneficiaries a mixed qualitative-quantitative questionnaire was applied to key stakeholders to capture the opinion (qualitative information) and obtain a ranking of preferred ecosystem goods and services (quantitative information) in the Aculeo basin The questionnaire applied to elect the preferred ecosystem goods and services consisted of 5 sections: (A) Identification of the interviewee (personal data) (B) Personal connection and knowledge of the Cordón Cantillana and selection of the 5 most important goods and services of the Cantillana range (C) Prioritization of benefit and vulnerability by ranking in a scale from 1 (minimum benefit/vulnerability) to 5 (biggest benefit/vulnerability) (D) Suppliers and beneficiaries of goods and services: exploration of synergies and obstacles between actors to promote payment schemes around ecosystem services (qualitative section) the Informed Consent was read and signed to clarify the project objectives and guarantee the protection of the confidentiality of the interviewee’s personal information 24 interviews were conducted (1–2 h of duration) following a prior consent process and complying with all health protocols (social distance ecosystem services were tallied by the importance and the vulnerability ranking given by the stakeholders (1–5 points given in section C) the higher the importance and vulnerability of the ecosystem service Relations between individual ES were described from literature to identify synergistic impacts there is a high probability that the other services will also be impacted water-related processes can both be modeled and connected to the ecosystem services that were mentioned and prioritized by the local community bundles reflected groups of ecosystem services with different vulnerabilities to climate change scenarios as a result of their connection with a change in temperature and/or precipitation expressed in the three mentioned variables: evapotranspiration a higher projected decrease in one of the variables will mean a higher climate risk in the associated ES bundles From that first list of current barriers for PSA in private areas in South America, we identified direct and indirect aspects that may be at larger risk with current and future climate change uncertainty (see Table 3) These are general recommendations based on similar cases (i.e. forests under some type of management in South America) and general recommendations from review-type of articles therefore not necessarily applicable for other type of PES arrangements that could include different contract clauses It was not possible to obtain more details on the post-implementation follow-up nor to identify which of the cases are still working today or which have been successful It should be noted that the findings of these studies cannot be used to establish a relationship between climate change and Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in Chile they may offer insights into the potential incorporation of a new climate change-based institutional arrangement based on climate change within a specific aspect of a PES contract Further information on research design is available in the Nature Research Reporting Summary linked to this article Non-sensitive data regarding hydrological modeling or ecosystem monitoring can be requested from the corresponding author Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES): A Practical Guide to Assessing the Feasibility of PES Projects (Center for International Forestry Research Payments for Ecosystem Services: A Best Practice Guide Can payments for ecosystem services contribute to adaptation to climate change Evaluating the outcomes of payments for ecosystem services programmes using a capital asset framework conservation and poverty alleviation potential of seagrasses: prospects for developing blue carbon initiatives and payment for ecosystem service programmes Payment for environmental services for flood control analysis and method of economic viability Finding the money for tropical forest restoration Governing a pioneer program on payment for watershed services: Stakeholder involvement legal frameworks and early lessons from the Atlantic forest of Brazil The role of incentive mechanisms in promoting forest restoration A systematic review of scientific publications on the effects of payments for ecosystem services in Latin America Identifying governance challenges in ecosystem services management—conceptual considerations and comparison of global forest cases Fifteen years of research on payments for ecosystem services (PES): Piercing the bubble of success as defined by a Northern-driven agenda Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds Designing payments for ecosystem services: lessons from previous experience with incentive-based mechanisms Payments for ecosystem services: rife with problems and potential—for transformation towards sustainability Historical dynamics in ecosystem service bundles On critiques of “stationarity is dead: whither water management Evaluation of climate-change impacts on the temporal and spatial behaviour of drought in South-Central Chile The future of conservation: balancing the needs of people and nature Payments for ecosystem services—the case of forests Payments for watershed ecosystem services: mechanism The seventh facet of uncertainty: wrong assumptions unknowns and surprises in the dynamics of human–water systems Ministerio de Agricultura - Corporación Nacional Forestal - Ministerio del Medio Ambiente Plan Nacional de Restauración de Paisajes 2021-2030 Widespread synchronous decline of Mediterranean-type forest driven by accelerated aridity Wildfire management in chile: increasing risks call for more resilient communities Opportunities and limits to ecosystem services governance in developing countries and indigenous territories: the case of water supply in Southern Chile Reseña a ecológica de los bosques mediterráneos de Chile Ecología de Los Bosques Nativos (Univ Santiago Chile Extreme drought affects visitation and seed set in a plant species in the central Chilean Andes heavily dependent on hummingbird pollination The Central Chile Mega Drought (2010–2018): A climate dynamics perspective Forest browning trends in response to drought in a highly threatened Mediterranean landscape of South America Sclerophyllous forest tree growth under the influence of a historic Megadrought in the Mediterranean Ecoregion of Chile Ecosystem services of Chilean sclerophyllous forests and shrublands on the verge of collapse: a review Water management or megadrought: what caused 30 the Chilean Aculeo Lake drying Mediterranean biomes: evolution of their vegetation Flora vascular de los Altos del Cantillana Chile: pisos de vegetación subandino y andino Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities Alteracion en la vegetacion endemica por fuegos en el macizo montañoso mas extenso de la cordillera costera en la zona mediterranea de Chile Restoration perceptions and collaboration challenges under severe water scarcity Rural transformation and differential vulnerability: exploring adaptation strategies to water scarcity in the Aculeo Lake basin (Chile) Evaluación del sistema socioecológico de la cuenca de Aculeo en la Comuna de Paine Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Gestión y Planificación Ambiental Diversity and growth patterns of woody species in Mediterranean Coastal range of Chile: case of study in Altos de Cantillana Prediction of drought-induced reduction of agricultural productivity in Chile from MODIS Evapotranspiration partitioning in semiarid shrubland ecosystems: a two site evaluation of soil moisture control on transpiration Ecohydrological advances and applications in plant-water relations research: a review Plant-soil interactions in Mediterranean forest and shrublands: impacts of climatic change Projecting soil organic carbon distribution in Central Chile under future climate scenarios Modelling Hydrological Ecosystem Services of native forest for 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The Role of Payments for Ecosystem Services in Climate Change Adaptation (Defra, 2013). https://wrt.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/RoleofPESinCCA.pdf in Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds and natural resource management in the United States Cooperation under conflict: participatory hydrological modeling for science policy dialogues for ref Forest outcomes and equity concerns following Ecuador’s suspension of conservation payments Actors’ diversity and the resilience of social-ecological systems to global change Uncovering ecosystem service bundles through social preferences in Research Design for Qualitative Research (eds Paul Atkinson Ecosystem services bundles: challenges and opportunities for implementation and further research Advancing research on ecosystem service bundles for comparative assessments and synthesis Spatial interactions among ecosystem services in an urbanizing agricultural watershed Spatial characteristics between biodiversity and ecosystem services in a human-dominated watershed Water availability creates global thresholds in multidimensional soil biodiversity and functions Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization and preference-driven water planning model A comparative analysis of ecosystem services valuation approaches for application at the local scale and in data scarce regions Modeling of Andean Páramo Ecosystems’ hydrological response to environmental change Enhancing production and flow of freshwater ecosystem services in a managed Himalayan river system under uncertain future climate Progressive water deficits during multiyear droughts in basins with long hydrological memory in Chile Tree growth decline as a response to projected climate change in the 21st century in Mediterranean mountain forests of Chile Identifying driving processes of drought recovery in the southern Andes natural catchments The Time of Emergence (ToE) of the Andean Mediterranean sclerophyllous forest of Quillaja saponaria (Mol.) and Lithraea caustica (mol.) Hox Can payments for environmental services help reduce poverty An exploration of the issues and the evidence to date from Latin America Pago por servicios ambientales en Áreas protegidas en América Latina Fortalecimiento del Manejo Sostenible de los Recursos Naturales en las Áreas Protegidas de América Latina Selling two environmental services: in-kind payments for bird habitat and watershed protection in Los Negros Análisis y diseño de un sistema de pagos por servicios ambientales por la protección del agua en la microcuenca La Colorada (2009) Recomendaciones para la creación de un esquema de pago por servicios ambientales en áreas privadas Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Forestal Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Conservación de la Naturaleza Taking stock: A comparative analysis of payments for environmental services programs in developed and developing countries Paying for watershed services in Latin America: a review of current initiatives The Efficiency of Payments for Environmental Services in Tropical Conservation Assessing the livelihood benefits to local communities from the Profafor Carbon Sequestration Project Indonesia: World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) (2003) The impacts of payments for watershed services in Ecuador: Emerging lessons from Pimampiro and Cuenca (No Herramientas de conservación: un menú de instrumentos para el corredor Amboró-Madidi (No Development Research Working Paper Series (2006) Regional Integrated Silvopastoral Ecosystem Management Project–Costa Rica Borda, C.A., Moreno-Sánchez, R.P. & Wunder, S. Pagos por Servicios ambientales en marcha: la experiencia en la microcuenca de chaina, Departamento de Boyacá, Colombia. CIFOR Centro para la Investigación Forestal Internacional. 60p. https://doi.org/10.17528/cifor/003339 (2010) Selection biases and spillovers from collective conservation incentives in the Peruvian Amazon Download references The authors express gratitude to the Bosque Nativo 22/2020 funds from the Corporación Nacional Forestal that supported this research We also thank the support of the Fondecyt Iniciación N°11200027; N°11200854 and Fondecyt Regular N°1221701 for their support during fieldwork the support of the Altos de Cantillana Reserve and the Paine and Aculeo stakeholders for participating in the interviews Raúl Díaz-Vasconcellos & Javier Zamora Animales y Ambientales (ICA3) - Universidad de O’Higgins The authors declare no competing interests Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s44168-024-00132-2 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Sign up for the Nature Briefing: Anthropocene newsletter — what matters in anthropocene research, free to your inbox weekly. Your Ads Privacy ChoicesIMDb 3: Defending champions Lalitpur City FC edged Pokhara Thunders FC 3-2 to secure their first win of the Nepal Super League 2025 while Imoh Ezekiel added one for Lalitpur's triumph Samir Tamang and Joe Aidoo found the net for Pokhara This marked Pokhara’s second loss of the season Lalitpur drew first blood in the 10th minute as Jonathan Cantillana’s curling corner deflected off Pokhara's keeper Guillaume Yves Priso’s leg and nestled into the net Ayush Ghalan chipped in a well-placed cross and Nawayug Shrestha headed it towards goal Although the keeper managed to punch it away Samir Tamang was on hand to fire home the rebound Lalitpur restored their lead in first-half injury time (45+2) Jonathan delivered a precise lob from near midfield capitalized on the keeper’s poor positioning Imoh slotted the ball cleanly between the posts with a composed left-footed finish Pokhara had their chances in the second half but Lalitpur’s defense and keeper Jeffery Willy Marcel Baltus stood firm Stephen Binong’s free kick in the 51st minute and Ayush Ghalan’s corner five minutes later were comfortably dealt with by Jeffery Jonathan extended Lalitpur's advantage to 3-1 in the 75th minute Sanish Shrestha outpaced the Pokhara defense to provide a cutback for Jonathan who smashed the ball into the post and beyond the line Ananta Tamang came close to adding a fourth in the 79th minute His header from Jonathan's corner was brilliantly cleared off the line by Joe Aidoo Pokhara pressed hard but were frustrated again in the 81st minute when Sudil Rai's shot rattled the crossbar Keeper Jeffery managed to gather the ball before it crossed the line despite heated appeals from Pokhara players and officials that caused a six-minute disruption Pokhara reduced the deficit in the 90+10th minute as Joe Aidoo hammered Samir Tamang's cutback into the net from the edge of the box Lalitpur City previously shared the spoils in a 2-2 draw against Kathmandu Rayzrs while Pokhara suffered a 2-0 defeat to Chitwan FC in their opening match this season In their last three meetings over the past two seasons with the other two matches ending in stalemates Phone : +977-1-4222921 Email : risingnepaldaily@gmail.com Acting Editor-in-Chief(Print) : Bhimsen Thapaliya GMA Network continues to dominate at the prestigious Asian Academy Creative Awards (AACA) as 14 Kapuso programs and personalities were adjudged as National Winners that will be representing the country at the Grand Awards and Gala Final in Singapore During the awarding body’s announcement ceremony last September 16 the Kapuso network won big across multiple categories The winning ways of the GMA Integrated News (GMAIN) continue as the “News Authority ng Filipino” bagged two National Winner prizes: the Best News/Current Affairs Program for its 24 Oras: Super Typhoon Carina Southwest Monsoon coverage; and the Best Documentary Series for its Unang Balita: Ravaged by El Niño story continue to live up to its “Tatak Public Affairs Tatak World-Class” billing after the multi-awarded show Kapuso Mo Jessica Soho: If Looks Could Kill was named Best Infotainment Program Reporters’ Notebook: Upuan ni Ipiw also won Best Documentary Program; while Biyahe ni Drew: Let’s Go to Oriental Mindoro was given the Best Lifestyle Program plum the award-winning MMFF entry by GMA Pictures and GMA Public Affairs added another feather in its cap after winning the Best Screenplay award duly received by GMA Public Affairs Senior Assistant Vice President Anj Atienza who also served as the film’s screenwriter Kapuso Comedy Genius Michael V was named the Best Actor in a Comedy Role for his portrayal of the lead character in the long-running weekend show Pepito Manaloto: Tuloy ang Kuwento which also received recognition at the AACA as the Best Comedy Programme “Family Feud Philippines” **host and Kapuso Primetime King Dingdong Dantes received the Best Entertainment Host award Winning Best Adaptation of an Existing Format (non-scripted) was The Voice Generations while the long-running Chris Tiu-hosted infotainment show i-Bilib won Best Children’s Programmme Magpakailanman Sa Puso’t Isipan: The Cantillana Family Story was given the Best Single Drama/Telemovie/Anthology Episode award Pulang Araw’s official trailer also won Best Promo/Trailer Rounding out the winning roster of Kapuso shows and artists is Sparkle actor Kokoy De Santos who won Best Actor in a Leading Role for his lead portrayal in “Your Mother's Son.” All the National Winners from the 16 participating nations and territories will be contending for the ultimate prize as they represent their respective countries at the Grand Awards and Gala Final in Singapore this December gmaregionaltv.com is home to the latest stories produced by news teams of GMA Regional TV from stations in key areas across the Philippines gmaregionaltv@gmanetwork.com About us Advertise with us Volume 10 - 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02104 Toxoplasma gondii secretes rhoptry (ROP) and dense granule (GRA) effector proteins to evade host immune clearance mediated by interferon gamma (IFN-γ) we investigated the role of parasite-secreted effectors in regulating host access to parasitophorous vacuole (PV) localized parasite antigens and their presentation to CD8+ T cells by the major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) pathway Antigen presentation of PV localized parasite antigens by MHC-I was significantly increased in macrophages and/or dendritic cells infected with mutant parasites that lacked expression of secreted GRA (GRA2 The ability of various secreted GRA or ROP effectors to suppress antigen presentation by MHC-I was dependent on cell type The suppression of antigen presentation by ROP5 and GRA7 correlated with a role for these molecules in preventing PV disruption by IFN-γ-activated host IRG effectors GRA2 mediated suppression of antigen presentation was not correlated with PV disruption the GRA2 antigen presentation phenotypes were strictly co-dependent on the expression of the GRA6 protein These results show that MHC-I antigen presentation of PV localized parasite antigens was controlled by mechanisms that were dependent or independent of IRG effector mediated PV disruption Our findings suggest that the GRA6 protein underpins an important mechanism that enhances CD8+ T cell recognition of parasite-infected cells with damaged or ruptured PV membranes parasite secreted effector proteins that associate with the PV membrane or the intravacuolar network membranes play important roles to actively suppress antigen presentation by MHC-I to reduce CD8+ T cell recognition and clearance of Toxoplasma gondii infected host cells these previous studies suggested that Toxoplasma antigens associated with the PV initiate the CD8+ T cell responses to infection We hypothesized that host cell mediated disruption of the PV could release PV localized parasite antigens to increase antigen presentation by MHC-I and the recognition of infected cells by CD8+ T cells parasite secreted effector proteins which preserve the integrity of the PV may function to suppress antigen presentation by infected host cells we show that deletion of ROP5 or ROP18 in infected macrophages and dendritic cells increased PV clearance and the presentation of soluble PV antigen by MHC-I molecules deletion of GRA2 increased the presentation of soluble PV antigen by MHC-I molecules the increased antigen presentation phenotypes observed in the GRA2 deletion mutant were critically dependent on the expression of the GRA6 protein and host IRG effectors are targets of multiple rhoptry and dense granule secreted effectors that function in association with PV membranes to dynamically regulate CD8+ T cell recognition of Toxoplasma infected host cells All procedures involving mice were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Dartmouth College (Animal Welfare Assurance Number #A3259-01) and were in accordance with the guidelines published in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health C57BL/6 female mice were purchased from Jackson Labs (Bar Harbor ME) and maintained at the Center for Comparative Medicine and Research at the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth in specific-pathogen-free conditions All parasite cultures were maintained in vitro by serial passages in human foreskin fibroblast (HFFs) monolayers in Eagle's modified essential medium (EMEM) (Gibco) supplemented with 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Life Technologies) (33) Purity was verified by FACS analysis (data not shown) and unless otherwise stated all incubations with BMMΦs or BMDCs were performed at 37°C A previously described flow cytometry based secretion assay was used to measure the accumulation of OVA protein in the lumen of the PV to verify that different mutant strains of Toxoplasma expressed and secreted equivalent OVA into the PV lumen (42) BMMΦ and BMDCs were infected with Toxoplasma at a MOI of 2.5 and incubated for 24 h fixed with PFA (4%) and permeabilized with saponin (0.05%) to selectively expose PV lumen proteins for analysis The expression of OVA was compared to the expression of GRA5 in each PV To identify the infected cells that were double positive for GRA5 and OVA processed cells were stained for mouse α-GRA5 (1:1,000 TG 17.113) and revealed using AF647 goat anti-mouse IgG (1:500) and stained with rabbit α-OVA (1:1,000 Bethyl) and revealed using AF488 goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:500) each conducted in triplicate then averaged and normalized with reference to uninfected controls and represented as the fold change compared to an uninfected control or as the percent increase of each knockout compared to RH-OVA for the same condition WT and Irgm1/m3−/− BMMΦ and BMDCs (4 × 106) were seeded on 6-well trays overnight or for 6 h To quantitate the level of IFN-γ-dependent PV clearance the Toxoplasma infected cells were either incubated for 4–6 h with normal culture media (non-activated cells) or media containing IFN-γ (final concentration of 100 U/ml Peprotech) and TNF-α (final concentration of 10 U/ml and then infected with 100 tachyzoites/well and incubated for 6 days at 37°C The medium was removed from each well and the remaining monolayer was fixed and stained with coomassie brilliant blue to reveal plaques formed from the surviving Toxoplasma PVs The number of plaque forming units (PFUs) per well were counted and the percent killing (PV clearance) was determined by dividing the difference of the number of PFUs in unprimed and primed cells by the total number of PFUs in the unprimed cells The assay was performed in triplicate in two separate experiments A minimum of 500 vacuoles was scored for each strain for quantification of Irgb6 vacuole coating Groups of mice were infected intraperitoneally with 100,000 (105) or 1,000 (103) tachyzoites in 0.2 ml PBS Parasite viability was determined by a plaque forming unit (PFU) assay (data not shown) Statistical analysis was performed using PRISM software (Graphpad Software) Survival was analyzed by the Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test performed using the Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon test; a P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant All other statistical calculations were performed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test; a P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant This PV localized OVA antigen contains the SIINFEKL epitope that can be presented by MHC-I at the host cell surface to prime H-2kb restricted SIINFEKL specific CD8+ T cells if OVA antigen is released from the PV and is correctly processed by the host cell MHC-I antigen presentation machinery These results show that presentation of PV localized OVA antigen by MHC-I is IFN-γ and Irgm1/m3 dependent in macrophages and IFN-γ dependent but Irgm1/m3 independent in dendritic cells IFN-γ was required for stimulating antigen presentation in parasite infected cells whereas the role of Irgm1/m3 molecules in antigen presentation of parasite antigens was cell type dependent Immunity related GTPases are necessary for optimal antigen presentation in BMMΦs but not in BMDCs Antigen presentation in WT and Irgm1/m3−/− BMMΦs (top panel) or WT and Irgm1/m3−/− BMDCs (bottom panel) infected with a wild type non-OVA expressing strain (RH) or OVA-expressing strain (RH-OVA) was determined by CD8+ B3Z activation For statistical analysis activation was compared between specified host cell conditions (WT/Irgm1/m3−/− or primed/unprimed) infected with a specific Toxoplasma strain the expression of PV localized OVA was equivalent between the different isogenic mutant strains under the antigen presentation assay conditions used here to measure the presentation of PV localized OVA antigen by MHC-I the PVs between the different mutant strains expressed equivalent amounts of PV localized OVA antigen Δrop5 increases antigen presentation by BMMΦs and BMDCs and decreased survival in BMMΦs Antigen presentation in WT and Irgm1/m3−/− BMMΦs (A) and WT and Irgm1/m3−/− BMDCs (B) infected with wild type OVA expressing parasites (RH-OVA) and complemented Δrop5 strain (ROP5C) For statistical analysis B3Z activation was compared between RH OVA and the specified parasite strain for the infecting APC (i.e. Quantification (C) and immunofluorescence (D) of representative images of Irgb6 (green) and GRA5 (red) localization on the PV in BMMΦs Comparison of in vitro killing of PVs (E) by primed and unprimed BMMΦs as determined by plaque forming units (PFUs) at day 6 post infection Quantification (F) and immunofluorescence (G) representative images of Irgb6 (green) and GRA5 (red) localization on the PV in BMDCs Comparison of in vitro killing of PVs (H) by primed and unprimed BMDCs as determined by PFUs at day 6 post infection ****P < 0.0001 suggesting that the ROP5C allele substantially rescued the Irgm1/m3 and IFN-γ dependent antigen presentation phenotype in dendritic cells These results also suggested that the ROP5C gene allele did not substantially rescue the Irgm1/m3 independent antigen presentation phenotype in macrophages or in dendritic cells these findings suggest that ROP5 limited antigen presentation in macrophages and dendritic cells by neutralizing Irgm1/m3 and IFN-γ dependent host IRG effectors to prevent PV disruption and the release of PV localized OVA antigen for presentation by host MHC-I molecules ROP5 also blocked an Irgm1/m3 independent pathway for the presentation of PV localized antigens by MHC-I This Irgm1/m3 independent pathway was boosted by priming host cells with IFN-γ but was not significantly associated with PV clearance in macrophages or dendritic cells the Irgm1/m3 and IFN-γ dependent ROP18 mediated suppression of antigen presentation in macrophages was dependent on the ROP18 kinase activity and the N-terminal ATFβ6 domain of ROP18 these results suggested that ROP18 limited antigen presentation in IFN-γ primed macrophages primarily through its Irgm1/m3 dependent interaction with IRG effector proteins to prevent PV disruption and the release of PV localized OVA antigen Infection with the Δrop18 strain results in increased antigen presentation by BMMΦs and BMDCs corresponding with decreased parasite survival Antigen presentation in WT and Irgm1/m3−/− BMMΦs (A) or WT and Irgm1/m3−/− BMDCs (E) infected with wild type OVA expressing parasites (RH-OVA) wild-type complemented Δrop18::ROP18 strain (ROP18) kinase-dead (inactive) complemented Δrop18::ROP18KD (ROP18KD) and Δrop18::ROP18ATF6β (ROP18ATF6β) Quantification (B) and immunofluorescence (C) representative images of Irgb6 (green) and GRA5 (red) localization on the PV in BMMΦs Comparison of fold change in percent killing of PVs between knockout and RH-OVA (D) by primed and unprimed BMMΦs as determined by PFUs at day 6 post infection Comparison of the fold change in percent killing of PVs between knockout and RH-OVA (H) by primed and unprimed BMDCs as determined by PFUs at day 6 post infection ***P < 0.001 These results suggested that the kinase activity and the ATF6β domain of ROP18 were not strictly necessary for ROP18's ability to suppress the Irgm1/m3 independent mechanism of antigen presentation in dendritic cells These results suggested that GRA3 regulated a mechanism of antigen presentation that was not specifically dependent on Irgm1/m3 molecules Δgra3 exhibits BMDC specific and IRG and IFN-γ independent increases in antigen presentation Quantification (C) and immunofluorescence (D) representative images of Irgb6 (green) and GRA5 (red) localization on the PV in BMMΦs Comparison of fold change in percent killing of PVs between knockout and RH-OVA (E) by primed and unprimed BMMΦs as determined by PFUs at day 6 post infection For statistical analysis B3Z activation was compared between RH OVA and Δgra3 strains in the specified host cells these results suggested that GRA7 limited antigen presentation primarily in IFN-γ primed macrophages through its Irgm1/m3 dependent interaction with IRG effectors to prevent PV disruption and the release of PV localized OVA antigen for presentation by MHC-I These results suggested that GRA12 regulated a mechanism of antigen presentation that was not dependent on Irgm1/m3 molecules Δgra2 increases antigen presentation in BMMΦs in the presence of GRA6 wild-type complemented Δgra2::GRA2 strain (GRA2) Δgra2Δgra4 double knockout (Δgra2Δgra4) Δgra2Δgra6 double knockout (Δgra2Δgra6) Quantification (F) and immunofluorescence (G) of representative images showing Irgb6 (green) and GRA5 (red) localization on the PV in BMDCs These results suggested that deletion of GRA2 increased Irgm1/m3 and IFN-γ dependent antigen presentation in BMMΦs without any associated increase in IRG mediated PV clearance These results revealed that the expression of the GRA6 protein was required to observe the major increase in antigen presentation by MHC-I in host cells infected with Δgra2 parasite strains Model of antigen presentation by MHC-I in Toxoplasma infected antigen presenting cells (A) In Toxoplasma infected WT macrophages low levels of antigen presentation occur in an IFN-γ and IRG-dependent manner with minimal Irgb6 vacuole coating and parasite killing if the parasites lack ROP5 or ROP18 molecules that can resist IRGs the IRG proteins are able to coat the vacuole and disrupt the PV releasing antigen into the host cell cytosol for increased processing and presentation by MHC-I IRGs are not the only mechanism by which antigen is released from the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) for antigen presentation (C) In the absence of IRGs and IFN-γ stimulation macrophages infected with the Δgra2 knockout that lacks a mature intravacuolar network (IVN) increased antigen presentation selectively in the presence of GRA6 but not in the absence of GRA6 highlighting the importance of IVN associated GRA proteins in regulating presentation of PV antigens suppresses antigen presentation in macrophages independently of IFN-γ or IRGs and GRA3 has minimal levels of antigen presentation in dendritic cells (E) If the dendritic cell is activated with IFN-γ it activates IRGs that lead to disruption of the parasitophorous vacuole of parasites that lack ROP5 or ROP18 molecules that can resist IRGs thereby increasing antigen presentation which leads to an absence of intravacuolar network increases antigen presentation in dendritic cell selectively in the presence of GRA6 there appears to be dendritic cell-specific mechanisms for accessing antigens in the parasitophorous vacuole as only in dendritic cells does the loss of GRA3 increase antigen presentation in the absence of IRGs and IFN-γ stimulation Our results confirmed these previous findings and show that antigen presentation of soluble PV lumen localized antigen by MHC-I is dependent on IFN-γ stimulation and functional IRG effector molecules in macrophages infected with the virulent type I RH strain antigen presentation was not dependent on IRG effectors but was increased by IFN-γ stimulation our study is the first to examine a role for IRG dependent killing on the Toxoplasma PV in dendritic cells These findings suggested that parasite secreted effectors regulated IRG dependent and independent pathways of antigen presentation in host cells infected with the virulent type I RH strain Rhoptry proteins ROP5 and ROP18 block host IRG's to preserve the integrity of the PVM (20, 22–24, 26, 36, 38, 48, 49, 63, 64) essentially identical patterns of IRG effector dependent and independent antigen presentation were observed in macrophages and dendritic cells infected with Δrop5 parasites suggesting that ROP5 suppressed both pathways of antigen presentation The Irgm1/m3 and IFN-γ dependent pathway in macrophages and dendritic cells correlated with increased Irgb6 coating of the PVM and destruction of the PV though macrophages were more efficient in killing PVs than dendritic cells Our results show that ROP5 blocked components of the IRG effector pathway in both macrophages and dendritic cells but ROP5 did not block the ability of IFN-γ to stimulate antigen presentation in infected host cells ROP5 blocked the IFN-γ and Irgm1/m3 dependent pathway of antigen presentation by neutralizing IRG effectors to preserve the integrity of the PVM and prevent PV disruption and PV clearance These findings suggest that PV antigens released from damaged PVs were more efficiently presented by MHC-I than PV antigens in intact PVs Our experiments did not specifically investigate the role of GBPs or P62 in the presentation of PV antigens by MHC-I and it remains to be determined to what extent these pathways contribute to Irgm1/m3 and IFN-γ dependent antigen presentation of PV localized antigens in infected macrophages and dendritic cells our results show that these pathways are not predicted to be involved in the Irgm1/m3 independent pathway of antigen presentation or in the IFN-γ stimulated mechanisms that increase Irgm1/m3 independent antigen presentation Since NF-κB can regulate MHC-I antigen presentation this ROP18 function represents another potential mechanism to influence the IRG effector dependent pathway of antigen presentation in macrophages and additional studies are still necessary to determine if ROP18 manipulation of NF-κB regulates antigen presentation by MHC-I ROP18 selectively suppressed the IRG effector independent pathway of antigen presentation in dendritic cells but not in macrophages which suppressed this pathway of antigen presentation in both macrophages and in dendritic cells The ROP18 kinase activity was not required for suppressing antigen presentation in Irgm1/m3−/− dendritic cells though the ATFβ6 domain of ROP18 was partially required for this function our results suggest that ROP5 and ROP18 limited IRG effector independent antigen presentation in dendritic cells while ROP5 alone was sufficient to limit this pathway in macrophages the major pathway of antigen presentation in macrophages is associated with IRG effector molecules and IFN-γ stimulation ROP5 and ROP18 limited this pathway of antigen presentation by targeting and neutralizing IRG effectors it is possible that deletion of GRA7 also results in reduced activation of TRAF6 and therefore reduced p62 mediated PV ubiquitination and GBP targeting of the PVM or whether vacuoles that lack GRA3 are simply leaky and directly release increased amounts of parasite antigens or parasite molecules that influence antigen presentation by MHC-I the IRG and IFN-γ dependent increase in antigen presentation in Δgra2 parasites did not correlate with any detectable changes in Irgb6 coating or PV clearance in IFN-γ stimulated macrophages GRA2 limited antigen presentation by mechanisms that appear to be independent of rhoptry proteins GRA2 is necessary for normal formation of the membranous nanotubules of the IVN, and GRA6 also influences the IVN membrane structures (55, 84) While Δgra2Δgra4 parasites exhibited significant and similar antigen presentation phenotypes as also observed in Δgra2 parasites and surprisingly Δgra2Δgra6 parasites closely resembled parental RH-OVA parasites and did not exhibit the major IRG and IFN-γ dependent increase in antigen presentation observed in macrophages or the significant increases in antigen presentation in unprimed or IFN-γ primed Irgm1/m3−/− macrophages or in unprimed or IFN-γ primed WT or Irgm1/m3−/− BMDCs infected with Δgra2 or Δgra2Δgra4 parasites the marked increase in IRG and IFN-γ dependent antigen presentation observed in macrophages infected with Δgra2 parasites was dependent on the expression of the GRA6 molecule the Δgra2 IRG independent pathway of antigen presentation also required the expression of the GRA6 molecule the major GRA2 antigen presentation phenotypes were dependent on the expression of the GRA6 protein These results are striking and suggest an alternative model that may underpin the IVN associated mechanisms that control antigen presentation in parasite infected host cells The re-localization of GRA6 to the PVM could be essential for activation of the host cell NFAT4 signaling pathway thereby increasing antigen presentation observed in Δgra2 parasites Additional studies are needed to determine the specific role of GRA6 and host NFAT4 signaling in the antigen presentation phenotypes of parasite mutants that lack expression of secreted ROP or GRA proteins these findings suggest that active suppression of MHC-I antigen presentation by secreted ROP and GRA proteins is likely to be important for the parasites ability to establish and maintain the latent infection Toxoplasma secreted effectors such as ROP5 and GRA7 resist cell autonomous killing mechanisms to maintain vacuole integrity and parasite survival while also reducing or delaying host access to PV antigens for CD8+ T cell recognition presentation of parasite antigens by MHC-I the IRG independent as well as IRG dependent GRA2 antigen presentation phenotypes were co-dependent on the expression of the GRA6 molecule it remains to be determined whether all of the antigen presentation phenotypes associated with ROP5 and GRA12 molecules identified in our study arise from the re-localization or release of GRA6 and subsequent activation of the host cell NFAT4 signaling pathway(s) that leads to increased presentation of PV antigens by MHC-I the IVN membrane system in the PV lumen could represent a sensor to detect PV membrane perturbations PV membrane perturbations could trigger re-localization of GRA6 to the PVM in still intact vacuoles Our findings suggest that the Toxoplasma GRA6 protein underpins a key mechanism that enhances CD8+ T cell recognition of parasite-infected cells with ruptured PVs intact PVs actively and effectively resist the host cells attempt to access and present PV localized antigens by MHC-I This parasite modulation of host access to PV antigens and their presentation by MHC-I is likely to represent an adaptive mechanism to fine-tune the host CD8+ T cell responses to promote host survival as well as to establish successful latent infection our data shows that rhoptry and dense granule secreted proteins that associate with the parasitophorous vacuole membrane or the intravacuolar network membranes play important roles to dynamically regulate CD8+ T cell recognition of Toxoplasma infected host cells All datasets generated for this study are included in the manuscript/Supplementary Files The animal study was reviewed and approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Dartmouth College (Animal Welfare Assurance Number #A3259-01) and DB: conceived and designed the experiments This work was supported National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants AI137118 and by Veterans Administration grant VA I01 BX002369 (GT) KB and LR were trainees on NIH training grants 5T32AI007363 and 2T32AI007519 The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest Shastri for providing the B3Z CD8+ T cell Hybridoma Sibley for providing rabbit-ROP5 and rabbit-ROP18 antibodies The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02104/full#supplementary-material (C) Immunofluorescence validation of OVA expression (green) by Toxoplasma in HFF cells infected for 48 h in vitro (D) Validation of OVA expression (green) by immunofluorescence imaging of OVA expressing strains that lack (Δ) a ROP or GRA gene as indicated Complementation and validation of the Δrop5 and Δgra2 knockout strains (A) The strategy for complementation of Δrop5 at it's endogenous with the WT ROP5C allele using 6-thioxanthine selection (B) PCR validation of Δrop5::ROP5C Six of six clones were positive for both PCR1 (~3,100 bp) and PCR2 (~3,000 bp) (C) Immunofluorescence validation of Δrop5::ROP5C HFF cells were infected for 24 h then fixed with 4% PFA permeabilized with Triton X-100 and blocked with 10% FBS cells were stained with anti-rop5 (Kindly donated by the Sibley Lab) (secondary: Alexa Fluor 488) (D) The strategy for complementation of Δgra2 at it's endogenous with the WT GRA2 allele using 6TX selection Six of six clones were positive for both PCR1 (~2,100 bp) and PCR2 (~1,400 bp) (F) Immunofluorescence validation of Δgra2::GRA2 HFF cells were infected with parasites for 24 h then fixed with 4% PFA cells were stained with anti-gra2 (Kindly donated by the Cesbron-Delauw lab) (secondary: Alexa Fluor 488) Complementation and validation of Δrop18 knockout strain (A) Strategy for complementation of Δrop18 at the UPRT locus with the WT allele (ROP18) and an ATF6β binding motif mutant (ROP18ATF6β) using 5-fluordeoxyuridine selection (B) PCR validation of Δrop18::ROP18 Six of six clones were positive for both PCR1 (~2,100 bp) and PCR2 (~1,600 bp) (C) PCR validation of Δrop18::ROP18KD (D) PCR validation of Δrop18::ROP18ATF6β Six of six clones were positive for both PCR1 (~2,050 bp) and PCR2 (~1,600 bp) (E) Immunofluorescence validation of Δrop18::ROP18 HFF cells were infected for 24 h and ROP18 was visualized with anti-rop18 (secondary: Alexa Fluor 488) Toxoplasma infected macrophages and dendritic cells express equivalent OVA antigen in the PV lumen (A) To verify equivalent expression of OVA in the PV lumen and (B) BMDCs were infected with different Toxoplasma isogneic strains at an MOI of 2.5 and incubated for 22–24 h prior to fixation with PFA Cells were then permeabilized with 0.05% saponin and stained for anti-GRA5 and anti-OVA Samples were analyzed by FACS and gated on the cells that were double positive for GRA5 and OVA The ROP5C allele partially complements the virulence defect in Δrop5 Survival data for female C57BL/6 mice infected with either 100,000 or 1,000 tachyzoites of the shown strains (n = 4) Heat map summary of the effect of ROP or GRA deletion on antigen presentation by MHC-I Antigen presentation data from the B3Z assay is represented as graphical summary plot 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GA and Bzik DJ (2019) Rhoptry and Dense Granule Secreted Effectors Regulate CD8+ T Cell Recognition of Toxoplasma gondii Infected Host Cells Received: 27 May 2019; Accepted: 21 August 2019; Published: 06 September 2019 Copyright © 2019 Rommereim, Fox, Butler, Cantillana, Taylor and Bzik. 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Bzik, ZGF2aWQuai5iemlrQGRhcnRtb3V0aC5lZHU= Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish Fire at Bailey Road shopping mall doused Some banks hit by capital squeeze Air purifiers for Dhaka: hope or hype? Chinmoy shown arrested in Saiful murder case Palestine created history when they booked a place in the third round of the FIFA World Cup qualifiers for the first time following a goalless draw on Thursday against Lebanon in Doha. Against the backdrop of the war in Gaza, the Palestinian team has already claimed a piece of footballing history this year by making a debut appearance in the Asian Cup knockout phase. On Thursday, Palestine, who came into the Group I match with seven points, only needed a draw to progress, and they got the desired result despite some rough tactics by Lebanon as they picked up seven yellow cards. It will also mark the fourth consecutive time Palestine have booked their place in the AFC Asian Cup finals, to be hosted by Saudi Arabia in 2027. Manager Makram Daboub's men take on Australia on June 11 next. The Socceroos were a 2-0 winner against Bangladesh in Dhaka. Bayern Munich-bound Nestory Irankunda, born in a refugee camp in Tanzania after his parents escaped fighting in their native Burundi, made his debut for unbeaten Australia. And the 18-year-old had a hand in the first goal in the 29th minute when his short pass found Ajdin Hrustic to lash home from long range. Kusini Yengi headed the second after half-time. Earlier in the day, PSG's Lee Kang-in and Tottenham's Son Heung-min both scored twice as South Korea trounced Singapore 7-0 while India legend Sunil Chhetri fought back tears as he made his 151st and final appearance for his country in a goalless draw against Kuwait in Kolkata. In matches played in the Middle East, the biggest surprise was Afghanistan holding reigning Asian champion Qatar to a goalless draw at Prince Abdullah Bin Jalawi Stadium in Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia. Elsewhere, Saudi Arabia were a comfortable 3-0 winner over Pakistan with two goals from Feras Al Buraikan (26th and 41st minutes) and one after the break by Musab Al Juwayr (59th). Indonesia slumped to a 2-0 defeat against already qualified Iraq in Jakarta, finishing the game with 10 men after Jordi Amat was red carded. It was Iraq's fifth straight win. Vietnam are now one point behind Indonesia in the fight for the second qualifying spot after a thrilling 3-2 win over the Philippines, thanks to Pham Tuan Hai goal in fifth minute of added time. Already qualified Japan cruised past Myanmar 5-0 in Yangon. |রাজনীতিখালেদা জিয়াকে স্বাগত জানাতে বিমানবন্দর সড়কে বিএনপির হাজারো নেতাকর্মীসকাল থেকেই খণ্ড খণ্ড মিছিল নিয়ে বিএনপি নেতাকর্মীরা বিমানবন্দর থেকে খালেদা জিয়ার বাসভবন ‘ফিরোজা’ পর্যন্ত সড়কে অবস্থান নিতে থাকেন। First team: Caden Correia (ACH); Max Grindy (ACH); Dru Becker (WCK); Collin Martin (Ode); Grayson Beal (ACH); Beau Copenhaver (WCK); Carter Pitts (ACH); Russell Dillon (Wel); Nicholas Baker (Cur); Bruce Snaidman (Nor); Logan Thompson (Cur); Logan Link (Sel); Joey Moss (Col); Joey Beardslee (Nor); Gage Starkel (Ode); Jaxon Baergen (ACH); Preston Michel (WCK) mention: Gavin DeBord (WCK); Silas Petrich (Sel); Jed Draper (Sel); Jace Lavato (Wel); Josh Booker (ACH); Josiah Pierre (Cus); Tyler Hair (Cur) INF: Kynlea Toner (Riv); Katie Sturm (Lak); Isabel Barry (ML); Emma Oergel (Riv) OF: Sammy Fausti (DP); Mckenna Finley (Fre); Aden Berger (Riv) UTL: Paige Hamilton (DP); Brooklyn Boyd (New) Second team: Olivia Oergel (Riv); Morgan Palmer (Col); Chloe Adams (Fre); Ayanna Tobeck (Lak); Malia Reedy (Riv); Ruby Soloman (DP); Delaney Newman (DP); Genesea Westman (DP); Harper Sefton (Fre); Laney Bojorquez (New) First team: Beth Okamoto (ACH); Elizabeth Young (Nor); Isabella Finely (Inc); Seraphine Wallette (Spr); Belle Stark (Nor); Britney Lyons (Sel); Charlee Zollman (Spr); Torrence Finley (Inc); AnnMarie Simpson (Inc); Shaina Beal (ACH); Theia Grady (Cur/Rep); Madeline Desautel (Inc) mention: Kayleigh Elder (ACH); Prairie Parrish (ACH); Ember Berndt (Cur/Rep); Olivia Stark (Nor); Faith Bowden (WCK); Andrea Cunningham (WCK) First team: FWD: Kaden Rudy (ML); Ethan Jones (NWC); Sean Wilson (Lak); Parker Russell (DP) MID: Mavrick Rasmussen (ML); Seum Lee (NWC); Noah Merrill (Lak); Andrew Cardon (Lak); Moah Mayes (DP); Gabe Norton (Riv) DEF: Elijah Friedly (NWC); Josiah Pope (NWC); Tyler Karl (Lak); Alek Schneider (Lak); Brooks Proctor (Riv) GK: Kaden Toner (Riv); Michael Siemens (NWC) First team: Tanner Mackey (New); Tanner Goldsmith (Fre); Wyatt Priddy (DP); Daniel Schneider (Riv); Blake Koesel (Riv); Cole Waldron (Riv); Jet Cliff (Col); Chase Warren (New) mention: Cooper Rich (DP); Charlie Schafer (Fre) First team: Maddox Schumacher (Dav); Jack MacLachlan (UCA); Matthew Longstreth (StG); Nate Herring (StG); Chad Strebeck (Ode); Kallen Maioho (WCK) First team: Mykla Keihn (New); Sophia Stadler (Lak); Lily Knight (Fre); Montana Wilfong (Riv); Maggie Hedrick (Col); Bayleigh Darnold (Col) mention: Ady Darnold (Col); Madi Spring (ML) First team: Sadie Pierce (UCA); Melloney Deife (Ode); Ryleigh Earl (Che); Laela Hardung (Ode); Gianna Harrington (NWC) Horizontal jumper MVP: Ronan Sherman (New) Greater Spokane League 4A/3ASprinter MVP: Rhyan Madden Sprinter MVP: Ella Carnahan (DP); Ines Calleja-Villegas (Lak) Vertical jumper MVP: Stephanie Chadduck (Fre) Give directly to The Spokesman-Review's Northwest Passages community forums series -- which helps to offset the costs of several reporter and editor positions at the newspaper -- by using the easy options below Gifts processed in this system are tax deductible Get the day’s top sports headlines and breaking news delivered to your inbox by subscribing here © Copyright 2025, The Spokesman-Review | Community Guidelines | Terms of Service | Privacy Policy | Copyright Policy During the confinement period, you can access PSG TV Premium for free and enjoy all this season's match videos. 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Please upgrade your browser to improve your experience Paris Saint-Germain midfielder Lee Kang-In and his South Korean team-mates were held to a goalless draw by Palestine at the Amman International Stadium on Matchday 6 of the third qualifying round for the 2026 FIFA World Cup in the AFC Zone on Tuesday 19 November The Rouge et Bleu's No.19 was in the starting line-up at kick-off his team are still top of their group with 14 points PALESTINE - SOUTH KOREA: 1-1 (1-1)2026 FIFA World Cup qualifying phase - AFC Zone - Third Round - Group B - Matchday 6Amman International Stadium (Amman Goals: Zeid Qunbar (12') for Palestine / Heung-Min Son (16') for South Korea Death toll surges past 200 as rescue efforts continue in towns on devastated island of Bohol At least 208 people have been killed in the devastation caused by Typhoon Rai, the most powerful typhoon to hit the Philippines this year More than 300,000 people were forced to flee their homes by the storm which barrelled into the country on Thursday with wind speeds of 195km/h (120mph) The typhoon smashed through the southern and central regions of the Philippines destroying homes and infrastructure and causing flooding that has affected millions making Rai one of the deadliest storms to hit the country in recent years At least 239 people were injured and 52 missing an island province in the central Visayas region on Sunday confirmed at least 74 fatalities Communication cuts had prevented officials from sharing information Residents salvage parts of their homes damaged from Typhoon Rai in Talisay, Cebu province. Photograph: Jay Labra/APIn a message posted on Facebook, Yap said: “It is very clear that the damage sustained by Bohol is great and all-encompassing”. He warned of shortages of food and drinking water, and appealed for hundreds of generators. Floodwaters rose rapidly in Bohol’s riverside town of Loboc, where residents were trapped on their roofs and trees. They were rescued by the coast guard the following day. The government said about 780,000 people were affected, including more than 300,000 residents who had to evacuate their homes. Read moreAt least 39 other typhoon deaths were reported by the disaster-response agency and the national police one of the southeastern provinces first pounded by the typhoon separately reported 10 deaths just from a few towns bringing the overall fatalities so far to 112 President Rodrigo Duterte flew to the region Saturday and promised 2bn pesos ($40m) in new aid Aides said the president will visit Bohol on Sunday coast guard and fire personnel are being deployed to assist in search and rescue efforts in the worst-affected areas of the vast archipelago Aerial view showing damaged houses in Surigao City Photograph: Philippine Coast Guard/ReutersHeavy machinery – like backhoes and front-end loaders – are also being sent to help clear roads blocked by fallen power poles and trees Charities and emergency services have appealed for donations About 20 storms and typhoons batter the Philippines each year The archipelago is located in the seismically active Pacific “Ring of Fire” region making it one of the world’s most disaster-prone countries.The Philippines – ranked among the globe’s most vulnerable nations to the impacts of climate change – is hit by an average of 20 storms and typhoons every year homes and infrastructure in already impoverished area Many of the dead were reported to have been killed by falling trees and collapsed walls drowned in flash floods or buried in landslides one of the south-eastern provinces first hit by the typhoon separately reported 10 deaths from a few towns 0:41One-month old baby rescued after Typhoon Rai hits Philippines – videoThe Dinagat governor said damage to the island’s landscape was “reminiscent if not worse” than that caused by Super Typhoon Haiyan the deadliest cyclone on record in the Philippines It hit the country in November 2013 and left more than 7,360 people dead or missing “I saw how Typhoon Odette tore the provincial capitol apart piece by piece,” Dinagat PIO Crisostomo told the radio station DZBB coastguard and fire personnel were deployed to assist in search and rescue efforts and efforts to determine the scale of the damage have been hampered by the destruction caused by the storm which has blocked highways and cut off phone lines and electricity in many areas a communications campaigner for Greenpeace South-east Asia who spoke from Butuan after visiting Surigao said communities she had met were yet to receive assistance “The situation right now is heartbreaking,” she said describing the scenes along the 125km drive from Surigao to Butuan “Just along the way you can see the houses are really damaged – both partially and fully damaged A lot of houses don’t have roofs any more and a lot of families are staying outside their homes.” All major phone networks in Surigao were yet to be restored The Red Cross, which has launched an emergency appeal to fund relief and recovery efforts, said the storm had caused widespread flooding, affecting millions of people, and described Typhoon Rai as one of the most powerful storms on record to hit the southern Philippines. Typhoon Rai is the strongest of 15 typhoons to hit the country this year. The archipelago, which is located in the seismically active Pacific “Ring of Fire” region, is especially vulnerable to natural disasters and climate change. It experiences an average of 20 typhoons a year, usually between July and October. Scientists have warned that such storms are becoming increasingly powerful as global temperatures rise. “Disasters are getting worse and what the scientists have been saying in the IPCC [intergovernmental panel on climate change] – it has already been happening in the Philippines,” said Cantillana. The speed with which Typhoon Rai intensified was a particular concern, she said. The local government response to such disasters had improved but the storms were becoming stronger. Philippines (18 December 2021) – Since entering the country this week causing significant damage and displacing hundreds of thousands of people in Surigao Greenpeace Southeast Asia Executive Director Yeb Saño said: “We stand with our fellow filipinos in Negros the intensity and the damage brought by this typhoon was unprecedented.  The disaster brought up our collective trauma from previous typhoons such as Sendong and Yolanda and reminded us that these extreme weather events are now a norm as the climate crisis worsens every year As we seek immediate recovery for our fellow citizens in the aftermath of Odette we demand that our institutions see this as another wake-up call — and this time and more destructive should they remain merely reactionary to the climate crisis Support the call for the declaration of a national climate emergency +639176211552 | [email protected] +639985959733 | [email protected] More than a hundred young people from Marikina last Saturday called on local and national candidates to stand up for corporate accountability and to make climate polluters pay climate-affected communities for damages I muttered as I declined a friend’s invitation to see Pope Francis when he visited the University of Sto Greenpeace Philippines is calling on candidates in the upcoming midterm elections to put climate justice front and center of their platforms Δdocument.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value" Please select which cookies you are willing to store These cookies will provide you a better experience of our website You will be able to hide the cookies acceptance banner and use the website features better The non-acceptance of these cookies will give you a cookie-free experience These cookies help improving the performance of Greenpeace.org They are set to collect data such as how long users stay on a page or which links are clicked This helps us make better content based on your experience navigating the website the leaf blower war or the 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Subscribers only Secrets of decades-long Golden Owl treasure hunt to be revealed Lifestyle Inside Chanel's French leather workshops Culture Subscribers only The marvelous bronzes of Angkor on display at the Musée Guimet in Paris 7 min read Lire en français FeatureIn their first match since the start of the war are playing to defend their people's cause a vast urban strip wedged between sea and desert But it was still hot: Fall in the United Arab Emirates feels like summer in other latitudes The lights of the Khalid Bin Mohammed Stadium cut through the dark sky and it was hard to believe that in a few minutes a match between Lebanon and Palestine part of the Asian Zone's 2026 World Cup qualifiers the 11 Palestinian players and their opponents took to the pitch but the war in the Middle East prompted FIFA to relocate the match to the small emirate of Sharjah The protocol followed its normal course: anthems It ended with the two teams facing each other in the center circle and an announcement by the stadium speaker please stand and observe a minute's silence for the victims of the war The stadium slipped back into quiet as everyone paid tribute to the dead – over 13,000 people in Gaza according to figures provided by the Hamas-administered Ministry of Health what was at stake that evening went far beyond sport "This match is very important for us," said Mahmoud Wadi We have to do it because our people in Palestine You have 83.97% of this article left to read Lecture du Monde en cours sur un autre appareil Vous pouvez lire Le Monde sur un seul appareil à la fois Ce message s’affichera sur l’autre appareil Parce qu’une autre personne (ou vous) est en train de lire Le Monde avec ce compte sur un autre appareil Vous ne pouvez lire Le Monde que sur un seul appareil à la fois (ordinateur En cliquant sur « Continuer à lire ici » et en vous assurant que vous êtes la seule personne à consulter Le Monde avec ce compte Que se passera-t-il si vous continuez à lire ici Ce dernier restera connecté avec ce compte Vous pouvez vous connecter avec votre compte sur autant d’appareils que vous le souhaitez mais en les utilisant à des moments différents Nous vous conseillons de modifier votre mot de passe. Votre abonnement n’autorise pas la lecture de cet article Pour plus d’informations, merci de contacter notre service commercial. GMA Network's award-winning drama anthology "Magpakailanman" presents exciting month-long special episodes featuring Asia's Multimedia Star Alden Richards The Sparkle leading man takes on the challenge of portraying varied real-life characters showcasing his versatility and acting prowess like never before One of the inspiring stories to be featured is "A Runner to Remember: The Jirome de Castro Story." Alden takes on the role of Jirome a dedicated runner whose life is turned upside down by cervical dystonia a debilitating neurological disorder that derails his personality Alden's commitment to the role goes beyond the script immersing himself with the inspiring owner of the story embracing his mannerisms and life philosophies Will Jirome find the strength to lace up his running shoes and sprint toward triumph Alden takes on the role of Richard in "Epal Dreamboy: The Richard Licop Story." This is a relatable story about an influencer bashed for being "epal" and "mayabang" for flaunting his material possessions online The episode will explore Richard's journey from being a poor boy with big dreams to becoming a vlogger and content creator Next in line is an action-drama episode "The Lost Boy" where Alden embodies Allan As the storyline delves into the complexities of loyalty Alden's performance promises to reveal another side of his acting talent "Sa Puso't-Isipan: The Cantillana Family Story" is a special episode that addresses mental health awareness Alden will portray Andrew who must juggle the roles of a loving son and a primary caregiver to his mentally-ill parents Alden's performance is expected to tackle sensitive issues with depth and sincerity With challenging roles and gripping storylines don't miss the chance to catch Alden Richards in "Magpakailanman" for the whole month of August The late Environment Secretary Gina Lopez spoke for millions of Filipinos at the frontline of the climate crisis when she said There is a great social injustice in the fact that although the Philippines is a minor contributor to the global climate crisis it is one of the most susceptible to the impacts of climate change as shown by frequent calamities in the past.  when successive typhoons hit the country in the latter part of 2020 and left Filipinos homeless going without enough to eat and dragged deeper into poverty due to livelihood losses This happened while still reeling from the impacts of the pandemic.  After the onslaught of Typhoon Ulysses (international name Vamco) last November a 21-year-old from Rizal posed this question: “Sa pandemic hirap na hirap na kami Wala na kaming uuwian.” (Pandemic alone is dragging us down We don’t have a place to call home anymore.)  the plight of Filipinos–especially the food producers and the youth–shows how exploitative businesses are disrupting social justice Ulysses and Typhoon Rolly (Goni) alone affected at least 4,900,000 persons and caused approximately P12 billion in agricultural damages combined and communities that have now fallen prey to climate injustices in the form of livelihood inaccessibility and human rights and equity disruption—the same issues that surround social justice.  it is not just global warming we are dealing with but climate change in the hands of big companies including those entities that primarily contribute to greenhouse gas emissions These are the companies that choose to ignore decades of appeal from the climate justice movement It has been an uphill battle against these twisted business interests but as the world marks the World Day of Social Justice let us be reminded that attaining climate justice and social justice is not impossible.  Filipino communities have been at the forefront of this movement sparked by the action almost six years ago wherein farmers and typhoon survivors stood up against the world’s biggest polluting companies.  There is also a growing global movement that stands for communities in countries around the world to call on businesses and governments to uphold equity and access during the time when climate justice and social justice are threatened.  You, too, can be part of it.  Because they know that the climate crisis is not just affecting polar bears; our equity Angeli Cantillana is a Communications Campaigner with Greenpeace Philippines. Follow her on Twitter (@GelCanti) Filipinos are enduring the worst impacts of climate change Readers talk about travel experiences in light of UAE airline outdoing Qantas with its non-stop Dubai to Auckland flight Dubai: Emirates became the latest airline to operate the world’s longest journey with its maiden non-stop Dubai to Auckland flight on Wednesday The flight outdid Emirates’ Australian partner Qantas who were the title holder with its Dallas-to-Sydney service that took 16 hours to cover 13,800 kilometres Emirates is calling their 14,000 journey from the Arabian Gulf to New Zealand’s North Island “one of the world’s longest scheduled flights.” And at 17 hours and 10 minutes on the return leg it pipped Qantas in both time and distance for the world’s current longest flight Singapore Airlines had flown 18 hours from Newark (USA) to its city-state hub but discontinued that flight in 2013 Gulf News readers seem to find a way to kill time when flying over 30,000 feet He has a passion for photography and travels to various destinations to capture the scenery I usually take a lot of information on the places I would be interested in shooting at the destination I get to do research and time goes by really fast you become curious about your work and want to see what you have shot.” Abrar travels to at least three destinations in a month and the longest flight he has been on is from Dubai to Hong Kong He said: “I don’t like to walk around as I want to be respectful towards other travellers I stretch in my own seat or get up to use the washroom.” I prefer to sleep or watch lots of movies.” The longest trip that Cantillana has been on was an 11-hour flight from Dubai to Japan I make sure the plane is a comfortable one You need a good entertainment system and leg space I always try to stay awake if the flight is longer than 10 hours to avoid jetlag.” said: “The longest flight I have been on was from Dubai to New York I made it a point to walk or at least stand for a few minutes every few hours to keep my blood circulating I also ensured I had plenty of water to keep myself hydrated tried resting for a few hours and avoided hot beverages Get the latest news and updates straight to your inbox Boeing's 787 fleet passenger count eclipses 1 billion Abu Dhabi – Riyadh flight diverted due to poor weather XFASTINDEX the firm behind Real Madrid’s new Santiago Bernabéu Stadium acquired Irish-UK consultant ByrneLooby in February 2022 The UK and Ireland offices continue to be headed by John Byrne with the new title of Ayesa’s UK & Ireland manager we could see that both companies are very similar in goals with teams striving to deliver better quality and a more sustainable and resilient built environment making significant inroads into the vibrant UK and Ireland infrastructure sectors I’m excited about the future as we can do much more with greater agility maintaining our core offering of highly technical and multidisciplinary services but now on a global scale.” Got a story? Email news@theconstructionindex.co.uk 14 hours Following a recent expansion into North America, Murphy Group has now entered Australia. 3 days A Devon housing development has emerged as the centre of a web of corruption. 14 hours Controversial government plans to allow developers to pay into a central nature levy to offset local environmental harms are generating increasing opposition. 3 days Dolphin Living has appointed The Hill Group to deliver the redevelopment of the New Era housing estate in Hackney. 3 days Tilbury Douglas continues to progress after collapse of parent company 3 days John Sisk & Son has started work on a £65m refurbishment of Haringey Civic Centre in London. © 2025 The Construction Index [Company No ' + response[i].created_nice + ' ' + response[i].description + ' 20 October, 2023 By Byrne Looby is rebranding to match its parent company Ayesa’s global strategy which gives it more flexibility to adapt to market conditions and to expand its UK ground engineering teams Spanish engineering and technology services firm Ayesa acquired Byrne Looby in early 2022 It said its aim was to expand further into English-speaking markets The rebranding of Byrne Looby follows an 18 month integration period between the companies the consultancy is expected to be able to operate at a greater scale drawing from the global engineering and technology specialist resources to offer additional services The organisation will also aim to compete for more large-scale infrastructure projects within the UK Ayesa now has more than 50 ground engineering professionals working for it globally According to Ayesa UK engineering director Rob Sizer this will "immediately enhance the proposition of the [Ayesa] UK division” "They bring a wealth of experience and skill having already worked on major projects in the UK they’ve also been involved in some of the world’s most ambitious and advanced projects providing geotechnical consultancy on new underground stations for metro lines 2 and 4 in Lima “They bring a unique set of specialisms drawn from working in extreme environments where they provided technical expertise to work within very challenging clays alongside important seismic geotechnical and structural design across Latin America and the Middle East will be invaluable as the UK adapts to climate change and seeks to futureproof infrastructure.” Sizer also told GE that it would be “business as usual” for its clients in the UK we’ll be looking to collaborate more with our international colleagues and pooling expertise to offer a broader range of services and experience there is a wealth of knowledge oven-ready for the UK market to tap into allowing us to work on more significant specialist projects,” he explained Ayesa is now also looking to expand in the UK particularly within its geotechnical teams which predominantly operate from the Guildford The recent news that the UK’s flagship transport infrastructure scheme High Speed 2 would not be delivered in full was disappointing for Ayesa Sizer stressed that there is still “plenty of infrastructure work being undertaken or planned across the UK” we’ll be focusing on Network Rail’s new five year plan recently announced and set to provide essential and far-reaching upgrades there’s plenty of activity around other transport infrastructure which have recently had major funding allocated to repair we’re also looking at strengthening our proposition within other key verticals particularly groundworks for buildings and our water sector capabilities We’re currently in the process of growing UK teams for both where both Ayesa and Byrne Looby have considerable and highly regarded expertise worldwide.” Byrne Looby's UK and Irish talent will also be used to bolster Ayesa’s international projects this is not about relocating anyone,” Sizer said so we operate globally and remotely already Ayesa does provide opportunities for those who want to relocate and work on international projects should they wish to as part of its commitment to broaden the horizons of its engineers wherever possible.” As one of the key challenges in the UK ground engineering sector particularly within highly specialised professions such as geotechnical engineering with Ayesa’s international pool of professionals we can now quickly draw on extra resources when we need them," he noted “This also gives us greater flexibility to adapt to market conditions It means we can draw on resources when needed and quickly redeploy according to project needs It prevents a situation many will have faced following the HS2 phase 2 cancellation where firms have undertaken major recruitment drives and found themselves with a supply surplus without the demand to match it.” The UK and Ireland territories will be headed by John Byrne Having experience acquiring companies during his tenure as a business owner he underlines the importance of rebranding under one brand name to maximise synergies and opportunities maintaining our core offering of highly technical and multidisciplinary services but now on a global scale,” he said Want to read more? Subscribe to GE’s enewsletters and follow us on Twitter and LinkedIn Tagged with: The British Geotechnical Association (BGA) announces its new chair Geotechnical Consulting Group (GCG) appoints a new principal engineer Spanish engineering and consulting firm Ayesa will provide supervisory services for the… Sign in or Register a new account to join the discussion Gulf News readers share pictures of their favourite holiday destinations Capturing Dubai & Sharjah in their most serene moments Birds of Ras Al Khor: Stunning wildlife photography Discover UAE's natural wonders and urban beauty Hidden corners of UAE through the eyes of our readers En la segunda mitad del siglo XX, cuando los movimientos de liberación homosexual comenzaron a desarrollarse en las grandes ciudades, Barcelona ya se destacaba como una de las ciudades más progresistas de Europa De hecho, la primera marcha a favor de los derechos de la comunidad LGTBIQ+ en España se celebró en la capital catalana el 26 de junio de 1977 en Barcelona despuntaban figuras como el artista Nazario la activista trans Trini Falcés o Armand de Fluvià fundador del Movimiento Español de Liberación Homosexual (1970) y del Front d’Alliberament Gai de Catalunya (1975) artista y ávido activista defensor de las libertades sexuales descrito como una personalidad revolucionaria en lo cultural y combativa en lo social José Pérez Ocaña nació en la pequeña localidad sevillana de Cantillana donde desarrolló una parte sustancial de su vida artística Ocaña salía por Las Ramblas con mantón de manila y abanico desafiando la conservadora sociedad de la época Sus performances son importantes registros del inicio del artivismo de disidencia sexual y de género en España “No me considero pionero del travestismo barcelonés porque siempre ha habido travestis pero sí soy pionero del teatro en la calle Creo que la provocación gusta a todo el mundo porque todos tenemos algo de exhibicionistas Soy exhibicionista porque he estado mucho tiempo marginado Pero en casa yo me maquillaba como los griegos y los romanos” su legado ha llegado hasta nuestros días gracias a la película Ocaña retrato intermitente (1978) de Ventura Pons Ocaña hace la siguiente provocación: “Me preguntaba el por qué me desnudo por la calle a mí me gustaría saber por qué la gente lleva ropa la película no pudo emitirse en la Segunda Cadena de Televisión Española debido a la censura a día de hoy es considerada una cinta de culto ideas escandalosas y actitudes provocativas su trabajo como artista plástico no era reconocido y casi nunca era mencionado en estas ocasiones acarreando “una especie de muerte del espíritu del 75 que se adueñó de Barcelona y que transformó las Ramblas en un espacio maravilloso de libertad y del que ya no queda nada” el Museo Español de Arte Contemporáneo dedicó una gran exposición a su obra pictórica “Hay en esta obra toda una tradición popular que está alimentada por una de las culturas más densas de Europa decía el texto de presentación de la muestra que continuaba: “Hay también un aprendizaje refinado y canalla de la gran ciudad Es una sublimación que disuelve la realidad y la revela como una experiencia Su obra ha sido clasificada como pintura naif Ocaña retrataba la cultura de su pueblo natal a través de pinturas de vírgenes y escenas típicas de su Andalucía natal Aunque no ha pasado a la historia como un gran artista plástico Ocaña es sin duda una figura clave en la historia del arte y la cultura de la disidencia sexual y de género en España Su vida y su obra continúan siendo una inspiración para quienes luchan por el respeto a la diversidad en un mundo que sigue siendo Latest News A colourful Christian celebration which has been enjoyed in the Philippines for centuries has been enthusiastically brought to life at St Joseph’s Catholic Church in Murgon It’s the first time the annual Sinulog festival has been held in Murgon and it’s all thanks to parish priest Fr Bryan Pipins – who lived in the Philippines for three years – and members of the local Filipino community and towns in-between joined in the festivities “It was wonderful to see the community gather together to show appreciation and understanding of different cultures,” Yvette told southburnett.com.au “It was a wonderful way for our Fil-Australian children to celebrate their roots and experience first-hand one of the most iconic celebrations from their cultural heritage “One elderly lady told me she had not been to Mass in a while but she thoroughly enjoyed the celebration and the choir’s lively singing.” many wearing the traditional red and gold colours linked to the festival A statue of the Christ Child was carried in a procession from St Joseph’s school to the church with people shouting “Viva Pit Senyor!” (“Long Live the Christ Child!”) singing and a “massive” buffet featuring plates of traditional Filipino foods “It was a good way to meet new friends over good food and family-centred activities,” Yvette said Sinulog is held in celebration of one of the Philippines’ most famous religious relics This statue of the baby Jesus was handed to the then-leader of Cebu by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 The event is celebrated as the birth of Christianity in the country The story goes that when the statue was handed to Queen Juana she danced with joy – the first Sinulog dance Sinulog comes from the Cebuano Binisaya word “sulog” which means “like water current movement” which depicts the forward-backward step of the Sinulog dance The Sinulog Festival is held annually on the third Sunday of January    Wonderful to see such an intermingling of races kingaroy weather information Directed and adapted by: Néstor Cantillana | Cast: Néstor Cantillana Gabriel Urzúa and Carmen Zabala | Music: Diego González | Sound and mixing: Nicolás Moreno | Producer: Inés Bascuñán | Coproduced by: Colectivo The Braiers and the Teatro a Mil Foundation Having studied at the Fernando Gonzalez Theater School He has also taken part in numerous television series on channels like TVN he has worked on films like Historias de fútbol by Andrés Wood; Cofralandes by Raúl Ruiz; No by Pablo Larraín and Una mujer fantástica by Sebastian Lelio winner of the Oscar for Best Foreign Film in 2018 he directed the National Playwriting Exhibition one of the most important and renowned playwrights in twentieth century Chilean theater his work focused on social inequality in Chile on the upper class’s penchant for economic prosperity and on vindicating the poor he won the National Award for the Performing Arts —It’s part of the ‘Theater With Your Eyes Closed’ format created by Colectivo The Braiers adapting a theater script into an audio performance “It opens the door to researching the multiple possibilities this style offers and to work from home as artists It allows us to get up close and personal with our audience as we’re interested in maintaining the connections that create a theatrical experience in spite of the physical distance imposed on us by the pandemic” —Colectivo The Braiers has been developing productions for five years now by authors who reveal part of the current human condition Their thought-provoking scripts are brought vibrantly to the stage (and in this case which tells of an alien invasion’s impact on the world It was so realistic that it caused widespread panic among its thousands of listeners even though the story was based on the novel of the same name by H.G —Take a look at Egon Wolff’s blog where he sells his watercolors and notes down his thoughts and ideas On Instagram, @colectivothebraiers On Twitter, @C_TheBraiers On Facebook, ColectivoTheBraiers By Colectivo The Braiers Directed by Néstor Cantillana Written by Egon Wolff One of Chilean playwright Egon Wolff’s masterpieces is back in a heart-rending piece of radio theater voiced by some of the country’s most outstanding actors this play deals with an upper-class Chilean family’s worst nightmare: the poverty-stricken and this family’s fear and repulsion of them the destitute and the homeless from the other side of the river finally cross this natural divide between ‘us and them’ and start taking over the city watches as his house is overrun by a group led by China a strange homeless man who not only is an eloquent speaker but also seems to know all about this businessman’s shady deals and how they cover up a crime This jewel of Chilean theater combines realistic theater with more dreamlike and disturbing elements clever script - that still makes sense and resonates in our times – on your headphones and with your eyes closed —Porque es una de las obras mayores de Egon Wolff uno de los principales y más reconocidos dramaturgos del teatro chileno del siglo XX su obra tiene como principal foco la reflexión sobre las desigualdades de la sociedad chilena la predilección de clase alta por la prosperidad económica y la reivindicación de los desposeídos En 2013 recibió el Premio Nacional de Artes de la Representación —Porque pertenece al formato Teatro para ojos cerrados creado por el Colectivo The Braiers el que adapta textos teatrales al formato sonoro: “Es una ventana para investigar las múltiples posibilidades que entrega este lenguaje y trabajar como artistas desde nuestras casas permitiéndonos generar un acercamiento íntimo con los públicos ya que nos interesa mantener los vínculos que genera la experiencia teatral a pesar de la distancia física que obliga esta crisis sanitaria” —Porque el colectivo The Braiers viene desarrollando desde hace un lustro montajes de autores que revelan parte de la condición humana actual Textos profundos llevados a escena (y en este caso que narraba los estragos en todo el mundo causados por una invasión alienígena Su nivel de realismo fue tal que causó pánico en miles de radioescuchas pero el relato estaba basado en la novela del mismo nombre de H.G —Revisa el blog que mantuvo Egon Wolff para mostrar sus acuarelas y escribir pensamientos e ideas En Instagram, @colectivothebraiers En Twitter, @C_TheBraiers En Facebook, ColectivoTheBraiers El Centro de Coordinación de Emergencias (Cecem 112) dependiente de la Agencia de Emergencias de Andalucía y adscrita a la Junta ha coordinado un total de 128 incidencias durante la jornada de este jueves relacionadas con el paso de la borrasca 'Martinho' por la comunidad debido a la falta de condiciones adecuadas se ha decidido mantener evacuadas a 17 personas en El Palmar de Troya Así lo ha decretado la Junta en la última reunión del comité de operaciones celebrado en el Puesto de Mando Avanzado en El Palmar de Troya La Agencia de Emergencias de Andalucía (EMA) ha comunicado que todos los operativos permanecen activados en la zona por si fuera necesario realizar más desalojos aunque las previsiones meteorológicas facilitadas por la Agencia Estatal de Meteorolo gía (Aemet) no prevén lluvias significativas durante la madrugada y ha avisado que el próximo frente no se espera hasta mañana viernes por la tarde La Confederación Hidrográfica del Guadalquivir (CHG) ha señalado en la reunión que siguen cerradas todas las compuertas del embalse por lo que actualmente no se en cuentra desembalsando El responsable de la instalación mantiene la vigilancia de la cabecera de la cuenca para examinar la recogida de agua de los arroyos próximos El Ayuntamiento de El Palmar también ha comunicado que hay algunas calles anegadas por problemas de alcantarillado y se ha informado a Aguas del Huesna para su subsa nación sigue trabajando con Infoca en labores de recuperación y restauración de las zonas afectadas y durante la jornada de mañana viernes destacará efectivos en este municipio mantiene las labores de especial vigilancia en las zonas de Espera en Cádiz sin que se hayan registrado incidencias relevantes en ninguna de estas localidades El primer día de azote de la borrasca Martinho ha ocasionado avisos sobre todo en Sevilla y Cádiz especialmente en los municipios de Jerez de la Frontera y San Fernando en la provincia gaditana Alcalá de Guadaíra y Las Cabezas de San Juan en Sevilla los Bomberos intervienen a esta hora en la urbanización Torrecilla en Torrepalma por anegaciones y han asistido también a una familia en la urbanización Entrearroyos por la crecida del arroyo El Rubio La mayoría de las incidencias se han producido por acumulación de balsas de agua en caminos y carreteras junto con anegaciones parciales de viviendas además de por los efectos de fuertes rachas de viento en municipios de Huelva en la provincia de Sevilla solo está en nivel rojo el río Huesna en Villanueva del Río y Minas mientras que en naranja permanecen el Corbones por Carmona y el Guadiamar a su paso por Aznalcázar y Sanlúcar la Mayor Además de los 17 evacuados en El Palmar de Troya solo permanecen fuera de sus hogares cuatro personas del entorno de las Peguerillas en Huelva este viernes seguirá la búsqueda del motorista desaparecido ayer en el municipio malagueño de Pujerra al caer de su moto al río Genal que ha finalizado a última hora de la tarde de este jueves sin resultados El 112 ha coordinado ya desde el inicio de este tren de borrascas 3.072 emergencias según informa la Dirección General de Tráfico (DGT) hasta las 20,00 horas permanecen cortadas por inundación un total de 17 carreteras en Andalucía La Junta mantiene activo el Plan Especial de Emergencia ante el Riesgo de Inundaciones en Andalucía (PERI) en fase de emergencia Esta fase se refiere a un fenómeno que implica daños --o cuando en razón de oportunidad así lo considere la Dirección del Plan-- y por la que son puestas en práctica las medidas necesarias para el socorro y la protección de las personas o bienes La situación operativa 1 abarca emergencias que pueden controlarse mediante el empleo de los medios y recursos ordinarios disponibles en la Junta de Andalucía o con apoyos puntuales de recursos cuya movilización no requiera de una coordinación específica por los órganos centrales del Sistema Nacional de Protección Civil la Agencia Estatal de Meteorología alerta de avisos de nivel amarillo por fenómenos costeros en Cádiz y Huelva así como por viento en diferentes puntos de Almería que podrían alcanzar hasta los 70 kilómetros por hora El nivel amarillo por fenómenos costeros se mantendrá vigente hasta las 14,00 horas en el litoral gaditano y onubense se registrarán vientos del suroeste con una velocidad de entre 50 y 61 kilómetros por hora (fuerza 7) hasta la madrugada y al final de la mañana de este viernes con olas de hasta cuatro metros de altura alrededor de la medianoche El entorno de El Estrecho también se verá afectado por el oleaje donde el aviso amarillo perdurará activo hasta las 3,00 horas por vientos del suroeste de 50 a 61 kilómetros por hora (fuerza 7) y mar combinada del suroeste de cuatro metros Ante estos episodios de fenómenos adversos el 112 recomienda extremar la precaución y adoptar algunas pautas de autoprotección para evitar riesgos y garantizar la seguridad En días de precipitaciones es preferible evitar los desplazamientos y del estado de las carreteras por las que se va a transitar y una vez en camino seguir las indicaciones de paneles informativos y de los agentes de la autoridad así como mantenerse informado a través de la radio de las recomendaciones de las autoridades y servicios competentes Con lluvia se debe extremar la precaución al volante disminuir la velocidad y aumentar la distancia de seguridad Nunca se debe cruzar por una zona inundada o con balsas de agua Si se ha cruzado por cualquier motivo por zona anegada después hay que probar con ligeras pulsaciones los frenos para comprobar que funcionan Si además nos vemos sorprendidos por una crecida de agua dentro del vehículo hay que prepararse para abandonarlo cuando el agua sobrepase el eje de la rueda Tampoco se debe estacionar ni transitar cerca de los cauces de los ríos aunque estén secos para evitar ser sorprendidos por una súbita crecida de agua También se deben evitar los sótanos y las plantas bajas En el campo y con tormenta los árboles y piedras aisladas o solitarias atraen los rayos por lo que se deberán evitar En las zonas costeras y con temporal debe evitarse transitar por los paseos se recomienda cerrar y asegurar puertas y ventanas y retirar del exterior de las casas todos aquellos objetos que puedan caer a la calle no debemos protegernos de las rachas en zonas próximas a muros o tapias; es aconsejable alejarse de cornisas o árboles que puedan llegar a desprenderse Si el viento nos sorprende durante un viaje en coche sino que buscaremos un lugar seguro donde poder refugiarnos Es importante mantener la calma y seguir las informaciones de fuentes oficiales Portal de actualidad y noticias de la Agencia Europa Press.