2024) – The New York Red Bulls have added Uruguayan international Felipe Carballo from Gremio on a one-year loan with an option to purchase pending the receipt of his P-1 visa the deal was completed before the close of MLS Secondary Transfer Window Carballo will be a Designated Player for the club “Felipe has a proven track record of success and we are very excited to add such an experienced player to our roster,” said Head of Sport Jochen Schneider “We are looking forward to him getting on the pitch at Red Bull Arena and helping us continue our push to the postseason.” joins New York after spending the last two seasons at Gremio Carballo has made 54 appearances since signing for the club in 2023 where he has contributed two goals and one assist He won two Campeonato Gaucho’s in 2023 and 2024 and won one Recopa Gaucha in 2023 with Gremio “I am looking forward to begin working with Felipe on the pitch his experience will help our roster as we go into the last nine games of the regular season,” said Head Coach Sandro Schwarz who will help anchor our midfield and we are happy to have him at our club.” he made 178 professional appearances for the club where he scored 24 goals and tallied 12 assists he helped the club win four Primera Division titles in 2015 and won two Supercopa Uruguaya’s in 2018 and 2019 Carballo was voted Player of the Year with Club Nacional in 2021 He made his first team debut for the club on February 28 2016 against Plaza Colonia and scored his first professional goal on April 10 Carballo has featured for the Uruguayan National Team making his debut for his country on March 24 The midfielder has made seven career appearances for Uruguay including three appearances IN CONEMBOL World Cup qualifying at the end of 2023 Carballo has also appeared for the Uruguay U-17 Youth National Team as well TRANSACTION: The New York Red Bulls have added Uruguayan international Felipe Carballo from Gremio on a one-year loan The deal was completed before the close of MLS Secondary Transfer Window Your pass to the ultimate experience at Sports Illustrated Stadium - with all the benefits of a Red Membership - including the remaining 11 Regular Season matches Playoffs and more - starting at just $99 per month Score the highly-anticipated Eastern Conference match against Inter Miami CF plus any three -- or more -- additional matches of your choice « Back Jose Carballo joined the Tigers' staff as director of player personnel in August 2023 after completing a five-year stint on the coaching staff of his alma mater Bethune-Cookman University in Daytona Beach Carballo served as the Wildcats’ hitting coach working primarily with Bethune-Cookman’s infielders and catchers A four-year standout on the diamond for B-CU Carballo began his coaching career as a graduate assistant and operations director for the Wildcats in 2018 MU is an equal opportunity employer © 2025 — The Curators of the University of Missouri. 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Privacy Policy An equal opportunity/access/affirmative action/pro-disabled and veteran employer. | Disability Resources Thanks for visiting The use of software that blocks ads hinders our ability to serve you the content you came here to enjoy We ask that you consider turning off your ad blocker so we can deliver you the best experience possible while you are here By Ketevan Kupatadze October 9, 2024 The Department of World Languages and Cultures in collaboration with Sigma Delta Pi Honor Society and Global Neighborhood a Canadian author whose family migrated to Canada from Uruguay Elon University’s Department of World Languages and Cultures hosted two guests from Canada a writer and former immigration court interpreter from Uruguay the Elon community had the opportunity to view Guérette’s film “L’audience” (The Hearing) which documents a Congolese family’s journey immigrating to Canada The screening was followed by a Q and A session with Carballo and Guérette Both visitors spoke extensively about their experience with the Canadian immigration system and the process of applying and being granted refugee status in Canada Elon students and faculty also enjoyed conversations with Carballo who offered insights about her experience as a writer Both Carballo and Guérette graciously spoke to classes and interacted with Elon students This was a wonderful opportunity to engage students with diverse voices and perspectives on immigration narratives The visits were made possible by the generous support from and collaboration with the Fund for Excellence Grunt from Elon College Global Neighborhood and the Department of World Languages and Cultures Elon University Professor of History Michael Matthews explores the romantic and sexual lives of Mexico City’s poor and working class during the rule of Porfirio Diaz The 6th annual Maker Takeover featured students’ experiments business and creative works to showcase the hard work taking place in Elon University’s Maker Hub Nia James says when doctors weren’t taking her pain seriously her athletic trainer and Elon alum John Lavender ’94 was her lifesaving advocate The graduate of Elon University’s human services studies program works on policy advocacy in Washington in a prestigious fellowship with the Religious Action Center of Reform Judaism Get more Elon news delivered to your inbox © 2025 Elon University | All Rights Reserved The New York Red Bulls have acquired midfielder Felipe Carballo from Brazilian top-flight side Grêmio The 27-year-old Uruguayan international arrives as a Designated Player on a year-long loan "Felipe has a proven track record of success and we are very excited to add such an experienced player to our roster," head of sport Jochen Schneider said in a statement "We are looking forward to him getting on the pitch at Red Bull Arena and helping us continue our push to the postseason." Carballo registered 26g/14a in 263 career appearances spanning Nacional won six trophies at Nacional and was named the Uruguayan Primera División Player of the Year in 2022 Fortaleciendo nuestro mediocampo 😤 @FelipeCarballo8 pic.twitter.com/uURLC3dOZ9 Carballo is RBNY's first signing this summer, helping offset Frankie Amaya's transfer to LIGA MX side Toluca. He adds midfield stability alongside homegrown Daniel Edelman and DP Emil Forsberg who is currently sidelined with a lower leg injury "I am looking forward to begin working with Felipe on the pitch; his experience will help our roster as we go into the last nine games of the regular season," head coach Sandro Schwarz said in a statement "He is a skillful midfielder who will help anchor our midfield and we are happy to have him at our club." At the Leagues Cup break, the Red Bulls are fourth in the Eastern Conference (41 points; 10W-4L-11D). They return to MLS action on Aug. 24 when visiting Charlotte FC (7:30 pm ET | MLS Season Pass) READ MORE: MLS Transfer Tracker presented by Avant The home field made all the difference in lacrosse for the Hurricanes last week as Coral Shores improved to 4-2 on the season thanks to wins against Coral Reef and Westminster Christian After a resounding 14-5 win against Coral Reef on Feb the Hurricanes traveled to Fort Lauderdale’s Westminster Academy on Feb the Hurricanes reclaimed the home-field advantage using it to dismantle the Warriors of Westminster Christian 15-4 Lucas Carballo scored five goals and added two assists Reed Tudor netted four goals and one assist Lucas Hajec and Yandel Chaguaseda had two goals apiece Zane Martinez scored one with an assist and Noah Myers accounted for one Nathaniel Shugarman was credited with an assist in the big win and  coach Chris Carrow praised Jace Jackson on his outstanding faceoffs Coral Shores will find no rest for the weary – three games are scheduled for this week with a 16-11 win against Coral Reef on Feb then a 13-11 loss to Westminster Christian in Miami Both of Monroe County’s girls teams struggled last week Coral Shores’ girls are still in the hunt for win number one this season after a loss to Coral Reef Key West slipped to 2-4 after losses to Archbishop McCarthy and Westminster Christian.  Kaitlyn Piloto accounted for five of the Conchs’ nine goals plus a pair of assists The Lady Conchs played four games in seven days and succumbed to fatigue.  “We were gassed and couldn’t keep up,” said Key West coach Marissa Giacopuzzi https://issuu.com/keysweekly/docs/keys_weekly_sports_wrap_25-0424?fr=sMDZlYTgzODMwMjc Get Keys Weekly delivered right to your inbox along with a daily dose of Keys News Throughout her 27-year tenure at the South Florida Regional Planning Council Executive Director Isabel Cosio Carballo’s primary focus has been the creation of collaborative broad-based partnerships with public and private sector Carballo and the planning council have identified areas of opportunity and addressed issues of regional concern such as transportation She has spearheaded the Southeast Florida Regional Partnership and its successful application to the US HUD Inaugural Sustainable Communities Regional Planning Grant Program Carballo now serves on the boards of the Greater Fort Lauderdale Alliance Miami-Dade Public Schools 21st Century School Board Advisory Committee “The general purpose of the South Florida Regional Planning Council is articulated in its mission which is to identify the long-term challenges and opportunities facing Southeast Florida,” she said “and assist the region’s leaders in developing and implementing creative strategies that result in more prosperous and equitable communities Carballo spoke with Miami Today reporter Abraham Galvan This week’s profile will appear in next year’s Book of Leaders Miami Today publishes a Book of Leaders every year This book is a compilation of all The Achievers profiled in every edition The information in this book is available nowhere else – the stories of the women and men who are shaping the development of Greater Miami If you would like to order a copy of the Book of Leaders from 1997 to 2023 or a complete set, click here to place your order Felipe Carballo will make his first MLS start on Saturday night at Soldier Field Carballo will be paired in the midfield with Daniel Edelman as the New York Red Bulls take on the Chicago Fire Leading the attack for New York will be Elias Manoel This will be the 69th overall regular season meeting between New York and Chicago with the Red Bulls earning a result in back-to-back visits at Soldier Field | Every match—including Leagues Cup and the entire Audi MLS Cup Playoffs—with no blackouts Head Coach Sandro Schwarz will have Dante Vanzeir Burke has made 10 career appearances against Chicago including a goal the last time the two clubs played at Soldier Field Roald Mitchell and Kyle Duncan are all sidelined ET with coverage on MLS Season Pass on Apple TV in English and New York Red Bulls Radio in English via the New York Red Bulls app and NewYorkRedBulls.com Veteran soccer play-by-play voice Matt Harmon will handle the broadcasts alongside former MetroStars and Red Bulls standout Steve Jolley providing color commentary Coverage on MLS Season Pass on Apple TV begins at 8:30 p.m Eric Krakauer will have the primary play-by-play responsibilities and will be alongside Jalil Anibaba on the English side Raul Guzman will have the play-by-play responsibilities and will be alongside Carlos Ruiz on the Spanish side Stay in the game all season long with the best of our new App features LINCOLN, Neb. (KLKN) – The man killed in a Lexington shooting Tuesday night has been identified was shot and killed in his car in the front yard of a home Lexington Police said they initially responded to a fight The investigation of this shooting remains ongoing An autopsy is scheduled for later this week Bridgette Matter MIAMI – Officers arrested a Miami daycare teacher’s assistant after a co-worker — and a surveillance camera — caught her subjecting a 6-year-old boy to a barrage of abuse Monday Miami police said before Marlene Carballo was even put in handcuffs she had already been fired from her job at Interamerican Learning Center she had only been on the job for nine days and passed all background checks shows Carballo trying to force the boy to sit on a chair “by pushing his shoulders down multiple times and flicking his ear.” An arrest report states that the video shows Carballo then pulling the boy by the arm forcibly sitting him on the ground “while she sits on a chair behind him and wraps her legs around him so he can’t move.” (Carballo) hits the victim three times with her right hand and once with her left hand,” police wrote “(She) then grabs the victim’s wrist and forces his hand to hit himself approximately ten times (Carballo) is then seen grabbing the victim’s arms and forcing them down in between his legs.” Police said Carballo then stood up and pulled the boy up pushed him “against a cabinet” and hit him again the boy’s therapist saw what was happening and intervened Police said she went into the daycare director’s office holding the boy and told her that “she needs to get rid of that teacher,” and the daycare director called Carballo into her office and fired her Police said they went to Carballo’s home to bring her to the Miami Police Department for an interview The arrest report states that Carballo claimed “she was just holding” the boy so he didn’t hit her she continued to deny hitting him,” it states Authorities said she “finally” made an admission had nothing to say to Local 10 News when she posted her $3,000 bond to get out of the Turner Guilford Knight Correctional Center A Local 10 photographer asked him about the abuse allegations that Miami police say were caught on camera staff at Interamerican Learning Center said in part “One of our newly hired employees was observed physically abusing a child in our elementary school The act was witnessed by several therapists who were working in the classroom at the time and who reported it to the director.” The center’s director told Local 10 News that the boy is doing better and has been coming to the center since he was a baby Copyright 2024 by WPLG Local10.com - All rights reserved Chris Gothner joined the Local 10 News team in 2022 as a Digital Journalist Bridgette Matter joined the Local 10 News team as a reporter in July 2021 Indiana and spent six years in Jacksonville as a reporter and weekend anchor TV Listings Email Newsletters RSS Feeds Closed Captioning / Audio Description Contact Us Careers at WPLG Terms of Use Privacy Policy Public File FCC Applications EEO Report Do Not Sell My Info 1.0 Host Exhibit Copyright © 2025 Local10.com is published by WPLG INC. The 27-year-old midfielder is in advanced talks to become a Designated Player with the Eastern Conference side Follow MLS Multiplex on X (Twitter). Carballo's signing also has financial implications he occupies one of the valuable slots that allow the club to spend beyond the league's salary cap This demonstrates that the Red Bulls are not just participating in the MLS but are really investing in a successful future The board seems committed to giving Schwarz the tools he needs to compete His performance over the next few months could determine whether the investment pays off © 2025 Minute Media - All Rights Reserved The content on this site is for entertainment and educational purposes only Betting and gambling content is intended for individuals 21+ and is based on individual commentators' opinions and not that of Minute Media or its affiliates and related brands All picks and predictions are suggestions only and not a guarantee of success or profit If you or someone you know has a gambling problem crisis counseling and referral services can be accessed by calling 1-800-GAMBLER ","https://fansided.com/",{"alt":"6x","src":"6y","url":"6z"},{"type":"6w","value":"70"},"link","Minute Media","https://www.minutemedia.com/",{"text":"73","url":"74"},{"type":"72","value":"75"},"All Rights Reserved Betting and gambling content is intended for individuals 21+ and is based on individual commentators' opinions and not that of Minute Media or its affiliates and related brands I follow the world of sport on a daily basis where negotiations are often accompanied by speculation and twists and turns the New York club showed firmness and skill in closing the deal before the close of the MLS Secondary Transfer Window Carballo arrives as a Designated Player with every expectation of bringing stability and experience to the Red Bulls' midfield especially with the departure of Frankie Amaya to Toluca.\n Follow MLS Multiplex on X (Twitter). Uruguayan midfielder arrives as a Designated Player to strengthen the squad and intensify the competition for a place in the MLS playoffs who until recently was a key player for Grêmio But what does this move really mean for the team's future Carballo brings with him the grit and playing style that defines great Uruguayan players he hasn’t just earned his spot; he’s also shown an admirable resilience returning to the pitch after pubis surgery and still maintaining a competitive level isn’t something just anyone can pull off Is Felipe Carballo the missing piece in the team’s puzzle Although he went through some tough times at Grêmio Carballo has shown on the field that he’s still got a lot to offer The MLS is increasingly becoming an attractive destination for South American players seeking new challenges and the fact that Carballo is about to join the Red Bulls as a Designated Player isn’t just a marketing move It’s a clear sign that the club is after quality and experience—two traits Carballo certainly brings to the table But can he adapt to the American style of play it could mark the beginning of a new era for the team He’s the kind of player who doesn’t just get the job done on the field but also inspires those around him combined with his ability to read the game could turn the Red Bulls’ midfield into a fortress it's important to remember that every investment comes with a certain level of risk Grêmio’s decision to loan Carballo with an option to buy at the end of the term raises some questions assessing whether it’s worth keeping the player long-term the option to buy could be one of the best deals the club has ever made they have the possibility to back out without major losses The real test for Carballo will be whether he can adapt to the MLS and fit into the Red Bulls’ system What’s at stake isn’t just the player’s future but also the aspirations of a club looking to reaffirm itself in the MLS it’s interesting to observe how soccer in North America is evolving The MLS is no longer just a league that attracts players at the tail end of their careers This reflects the growth and professionalization of soccer in the United States which is gradually becoming a global reference point ","https://fansided.com/",{"alt":"73","src":"74","url":"75"},{"type":"72","value":"76"},"link","Minute Media","https://www.minutemedia.com/",{"text":"79","url":"7a"},{"type":"78","value":"7b"},"All Rights Reserved he’s covered CONCACAF teams as a sports journalist With a degree in Communications and Marketing Arthur worked at Boca Raton FC when the Florida squad was battling it out in the APSL and NPSL Arthur worked with Torcedores and Esportes News Mundo and Mexican versions of VAVEL before landing at Fansided Arthur’s a polyglot aiming to speak nine languages by 2030 The MLS is increasingly becoming an attractive destination for South American players seeking new challenges, and the fact that Carballo is about to join the Red Bulls as a Designated Player isn’t just a marketing move. It’s a clear sign that the club is after quality and experience—two traits Carballo certainly brings to the table. But can he adapt to the American style of play? Will he mesh with his new teammates? And, more importantly, will he win the hearts of the fans? If Carballo's move goes through, it could mark the beginning of a new era for the team. He’s the kind of player who doesn’t just get the job done on the field but also inspires those around him. His international experience, combined with his ability to read the game, could turn the Red Bulls’ midfield into a fortress. The real test for Carballo will be whether he can adapt to the MLS and fit into the Red Bulls’ system. What’s at stake isn’t just the player’s future but also the aspirations of a club looking to reaffirm itself in the MLS. On another note, it’s interesting to observe how soccer in North America is evolving. The MLS is no longer just a league that attracts players at the tail end of their careers. Nowadays, we see players like Carballo, at the peak of their abilities, seeking the MLS as a new challenge. This reflects the growth and professionalization of soccer in the United States, which is gradually becoming a global reference point. The Uruguayan Midfielder from Grêmio Set to Be the New Engine of the Red Bulls’ Midfield Felipe Carballo added his second goal of the postseason on an early long-distance strike that helped the seventh-seeded Red Bulls reach their first conference final since 2018 They'll face the winner of Sunday's second East semifinal between Orlando and Atlanta and will host that game if Atlanta advances Carlos Coronel made six saves to keep the clean sheet and earn RBNY's first win over their city rivals this season in the first-ever postseason Hudson River Derby fixture The best of those stops thwarted NYCFC leading scorer Alonso Martinez one only two minutes after Vanzeir doubled RBNY's lead in the first half and one only three minutes into the second half Thiago Martins also struck the woodwork late for the sixth-seeded Cityzens who were in pursuit of a second MLS Cup title in three seasons Carballo sent the Red Bulls in front in the 16th minute Coronel drove the ball from his own penalty area toward NYCFC's prompting an initial headed clearance attempt and the ball dropped to the feet of Carballo who took a touch to control it before unfurling a powerful left-footed strike that beat the diving Matt Freese to the top left corner it was Vanzeir in the right place following an aerial challenge finding the ball at his feet following a corner and dispatching it nearly off the inside of the right post The only blemish of the evening for the visitors came in the second half, when Sean Nealis departed in the 62th minute after a collision with City's Justin Haak Replays appeared to show Nealis losing consciousness from the initial impact though he walked off the field under his own power The Red Bulls swept the defending-champion and second-seeded Columbus Crew to advance -- winning 1-0 on the road and in a shootout at home after a 2-2 draw in regulation NYCFC advanced by sweeping third-seeded FC Cincinnati with a 3-1 victory at Citi Field and a 6-5 shootout win after a scoreless duel on the road The Red Bulls have qualified for 14 postseasons in a row but have never won MLS Cup Information from Field Level Media and The Associated Press contributed to this report Felipe Carballo added his second goal of the postseason on an early long-distance strike that helped the seventh-seeded Red Bulls reach their first conference final since 2018 Carlos Coronel made six saves to keep the clean sheet and earn RBNY's first win over their city rivals this season in the first-ever postseason Hudson River Derby fixture Thiago Martins also struck the woodwork late for the sixth-seeded Cityzens The only blemish of the evening for the visitors came in the second half, when Sean Nealis departed in the 62th minute after a collision with City's Justin Haak THE BEST OF THE AMERICAN LATINO & MULTICULTURAL EXPERIENCE Mexican journalist and poet Mardonio Carballo one of the most publicized voices in the Nahuatl language reflects on the struggle for the rights of indigenous… Finally, some trembling hands rise and Mexican poet Mardonio Carballo one of the most respected voices in indigenous culture clears his throat and recites one of his best-known poems before an excited audience that has come to listen to his conference in Barcelona Esta noche eterna se vuelve vino para las estrellas Quiero arrancarle su luz para ponerla en mi corazón With his natural sympathy and a permanent smile on his face the well-known indigenous journalist and poet knows how to get the public’s attention is a deputy of the Constituent Assembly of Mexico City and is in charge of the Commission in charge of defending indigenous issues in this chamber It is the second most spoken language in Mexico after Spanish; about a million and a half people speak it But there are many people who can’t even understand it," explains Mardonio which has just been hit by three strong earthquakes "Earthquakes not only rearrange peoples and territories they also rearrange political powers," he predicts He is convinced that in the coming months the first fruits of the struggle for indigenous rights will be harvested a struggle that began in 1994 with the armed uprising of the Zapatist guerrillas in Chiapas where most of the population is of "Maya" origin "The Zapatista revolution helped many people get out of the closet to recognize their identity," explains the poet at the end of the 90's the census revealed a rise of indigenous citizens enrolled The year 1994 coincided with the signing of the free trade agreement between Mexico and the US (the so-called NAFTA which the US has now asked to renegotiate) "which showed that a large part of the people was not benefiting from the treaty They told us that NAFTA was going to take us to the first world the Zapatista Liberation Army (EZLN) announced with the National Indigenous Congress its intention to participate in the 2018 presidential elections with an indigenous woman as an independent candidate The news shacked Mexican public opinion and immediately triggered an avalanche of criticism from the most diverse sectors "They told us that we were dividing the left," recalls the journalist remembering the moment they announced that the spokeswoman for the Indigenous Council of Government will be María de Jesús Patricio Martínez a Nahua woman and expert in traditional medicine "The truth is that the left in Mexico speaks of poverty without nuances and they have never taken us into account," he adds The media have also ignored indigenous communities to this day a collaborator of the news media Aristegui en Vivo with the section The Feathers of the Serpent and conductor of the television program La Raíz Doble His journalistic work has earned him several awards including the National Journalism Prize awarded by the Mexican Journalists Club (2009 and 2015) Mardonio likes languages more than anything placed in the basket of oblivion," he says But the future is changing: "the word took the ornaments of the wind," he says "The original peoples will be the spearhead of a change We are going to end the exacerbated racism of the middle class," he says They sound like they sound because they are alive." THE BEST OF THE AMERICAN MULTICULTURAL EXPERIENCE "This was the most challenging thing I've ever done in my life next to raising my three kids because I felt so much personal responsibility hanging on me," the plaintiffs' lawyer A New Jersey jury awarded $14 million to three women who experienced repeated sexual assaults during office visits with internist Carl Renner Following an eight-day trial in Bergen County Superior Court the jury ordered Renner to pay $8.9 million The Recorder The Legal Intelligencer New York Law Journal The American Lawyer National Law Journal Brugh Lower of Gibbons has entered an appearance for industrial equipment supplier Devco Corporation in a pending trademark infringement lawsuit accusing the defendant of selling knock-off Graco products 18 in New Jersey District Court by Rivkin Radler on behalf of Graco Inc Read More Yalowitz of Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer have entered their appearances for Hanaco Venture Capital and its executives 24 in New York Southern District Court by Zell accuses the defendants of negligently and fraudulently managing the plaintiff's $1 million investment Read More Attorneys from A&O Shearman has stepped in as defense counsel for Toronto-Dominion Bank and other defendants in a pending securities class action 11 in New York Southern District Court by Bleichmar Fonti & Auld accuses the defendants of concealing the bank's 'pervasive' deficiencies in regards to its compliance with the Bank Secrecy Act and the quality of its anti-money laundering controls Read More a Pennsylvania company providing shared communications infrastructure Wolf of Gordon Rees Scully Mansukhani to fend off a pending breach-of-contract lawsuit 25 in Michigan Eastern District Court by Hooper Hathaway PC on behalf of The Town Residences LLC accuses Crown Castle of failing to transfer approximately $30,000 in utility payments from T-Mobile in breach of a roof-top lease and assignment agreement Read More Schwartz of McCarter & English have stepped in as defense counsel to Electrolux Home Products Inc 26 in New York Eastern District Court by Poulos Lopiccolo PC and Nagel Rice LLP on behalf of David Stern alleges that the defendant's refrigerators’ drawers and shelving repeatedly break and fall apart within months after purchase Read More Already have an account? Sign In A Cuban woman who worked as a teacher's assistant was arrested this Monday after she was recorded hitting a six-year-old autistic boy at a daycare in Miami Miami police reported that before the woman - 52 years old and identified as Marlene Carballo - was handcuffed she had already been fired from her job at the Interamerican Learning Center according to Captain Freddy Cruz of the Miami police department the surveillance video - recorded shortly before 1 p.m on Monday - shows Carballo trying to force the child to sit in a chair "by pushing him by the shoulders several times and giving him a tap on the ear." An arrest report states that the video shows Carballo pulling the child by the arm forcing him to sit on the floor “while she sits in a chair behind and wraps her legs around him so he cannot move.” Carballo struck the victim three times with his right hand and once with his left hand He then grabbed the victim's wrist and forced him to hit himself approximately ten times," Local 10 specified pushed him "against a cabinet," and hit him again the child's therapist saw what was happening and intervened The therapist entered the daycare director's office holding the child and tearfully told her that "she had to get rid of that teacher," and when asked what had happened the daycare director called Carballo to her office and fired her the Cuban claimed that she was only "holding" the minor so that he wouldn't hit her When the police presented the video evidence to her the authorities clarified that the arrested individual finally admitted to having committed the act She was taken to the Turner Guilford Knight Correctional Center (TGK) and has already been released after paying a $3,000 bond "One of our newly hired employees was observed physically abusing a child in our elementary school The act was witnessed by several therapists who were working in the classroom at the time and reported it to the principal," wrote the school administration The daycare said that the minor is physically well where the arrested Cuban only worked for nine days this is not the first incident of its kind involving a Cuban in recent weeks was arrested accused of physically abusing an 11-month-old baby in this case at a daycare center she owned in the city of Naples The arrest of Acosta took place after the victim's mother provided the county Sheriff's Office with images of the physical abuse that she received from another family whose daughter also attends that daycare and recorded what happened on an iPad Both teams now have 3 points after playing two matches.Thiago Barrios and Carballo scored Paraguay's goals.Paraguay needed a win, and it got it: in a true final against Argentina, it secured a 2-1 victory after losing its first match against Venezuela and having a bye in the second round. It was a hard-fought match from start to finish. Paraguay took the lead in the first minute thanks to a long ball/shot from Rolón, which Barrios redirected with his head. Also in the first period, Gigena struck a cross-shot to make it 1-1 at the first break. In the second period, both teams were awarded a penalty: Carballo converted for Paraguay, while Ponzetti was denied by the wall that was Rolón, who closed down the goal. The final period saw both sides creating good attacking opportunities, but both goalkeepers stood firm. In the last two minutes, Gómez Polatti made a key foot save in a one-on-one against Milciades Medina, while Rolón denied Ponzetti’s powerful strike. Paraguay will face Brazil on Wednesday, February 26, while Argentina will play a decisive match against Venezuela. LineupsArgentina (1): 1- Sebastián Gómez Polatti Substitutes: 1- Carlos Adrián Ovelar Morinigo 2nd period: 5’ Yellow card for Milciades Medina (P) 3rd period: 12’ Yellow card for Alejo González (A) Volume 9 - 2015 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2015.00013 This article is part of the Research TopicNeurodegeneration: from genetics to moleculesView all 23 articles Damage caused to neural tissue by disease or injury frequently produces a discontinuity in the nervous system (NS) Such damage generates diverse alterations that are commonly permanent due to the limited regeneration capacity of the adult NS particularly the Central Nervous System (CNS) The cellular reaction to noxious stimulus leads to several events such as the formation of glial and fibrous scars which inhibit axonal regeneration in both the CNS and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Although in the PNS there is some degree of nerve regeneration it is common that the growing axons reinnervate incorrect areas Providing a permissive substrate for axonal regeneration in combination with delivery systems for the release of molecules could increase regeneration and the recovery of functions in the CNS or the PNS there are no effective vehicles to supply growth factors or cells to the damaged/diseased NS Hydrogels are polymers that are biodegradable biocompatible and have the capacity to deliver a large range of molecules in situ The inclusion of cultured neural cells into hydrogels forming three-dimensional structures allows the formation of synapses and neuronal survival There is also evidence showing that hydrogels constitute an amenable substrate for axonal growth of endogenous or grafted cells overcoming the presence of axonal regeneration inhibitory molecules Recent experiments suggest that hydrogels can carry and deliver several proteins relevant for improving neuronal survival and axonal growth Although the use of hydrogels is appealing its effectiveness is still a matter of discussion and more results are needed to achieve consistent recovery using different parameters This review also discusses areas of opportunity where hydrogels can be applied in order to promote axonal regeneration of the NS This review describes first the elements that impede axonal regeneration following injury in CNS and PNS and later discuss how hydrogels might attenuate the inhibitory elements for axonal regeneration in both systems An injury in the NS could imply a loss of tissue interrupted communication caused by damage of synaptic contacts or disrupted information flow between cell soma and axons Many of these events are responsible for the inhibitory environment during axonal regeneration We next describe the differential responses to lesion of CNS and PNS Hydrogel promotes axonal regeneration after Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) inhibitory elements for axonal regeneration such as the formation of a cavity in the tissue fibrotic and glial scars and reactive astroglia (B) When the newly formed cavity is filled with hydrogel it provides a suitable substrate for axonal growth in addition to the possibility to be combined with molecules that are released from hydrogel to enhance regeneration These data indicate that glial and fibrous scars contribute to the low rate of axonal regeneration One option to bypass these inhibitory effects would be to prevent scar formation a modification of the lesion environment by introducing a device that is a permissive for axonal growth is feasible Hydrogels promotes axonal regeneration after a peripheral nerve lesion (A) After a lesion where peripheral nerves are severed inhibitory elements for axonal regeneration arise either in proximal or distal segments Although there can be regeneration to unite both stumps (B) When the lesion area is connected with a rigid tubular structure and this is filled with a hydrogel there is a mechanical support and a suitable substrate for axonal growth the hydrogel can serve as a carrier of molecules that promote axonal regeneration and ultimately functional recovery which leads to several adverse consequences have the ability to deliver several components the scaffold is a dynamic element that might play an important role in the regenerative process Although in some cases a partial axonal regeneration was achieved most of them did not induce successful regeneration These materials did not possess the required properties to support cell attachment and some of them even induced an immune reaction have been proved to posses some of these properties currently there is not a consistent strategy to induce a complete axonal regeneration either in the CNS or in the PNS Because of the in situ gelling process, it is possible to use hydrogels as a local delivery system (Censi et al., 2012; Koutsopoulos and Zhang, 2012; Macaya and Spector, 2012; Pakulska et al., 2012) although it will be necessary to find out the best alternative to introduce the hydrogel into the brain or another site of the NS It is feasible to put the hydrogel in a damaged area and release molecules there which could enhance the effectiveness of treatment the use of biodegradable hydrogels is especially relevant for long-term treatments since it will prevent repetitive invasive interventions The data demonstrate that hydrogels are a very versatile release system because is possible to manipulate the rate of delivery and the rate of degradation Hydrogels could be modified to release some medicament depending on the specific circumstances the dosage or the time that is required for treatment in addition to act as scaffold and delivery tools hydrogels might represent a physical barrier for both cellular and axonal reorganization In this section we review the published evidence showing that hydrogels promote axonal regeneration both in vitro and in vivo Both Matrigel and the self-assembled peptide-based hydrogels sustained these parameters Matrigel was efficient during the first 2 weeks but the hydrogel allowed neuronal survival for over 5 months These data demonstrate that hydrogels support neuronal differentiation and long-term survival with signs of maturity The data of these works confirmed that hydrogels could be used as a delivery system to promote axonal growth and preserve better the organotypic cultures These characteristics might be useful to promote a successful axonal regeneration in vivo the evidence is still insufficient to say that hydrogels would substitute current treatments for brain lesions filling the tubular structure used previously with matrices of Collagen methylcellulose or smaller PHEMA-MMA tubes Fibrin and Collagen were supplemented with Fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) and NT-3 It was observed that almost all the matrices used promoted more axonal regeneration compared to unfilled structures The addition of FGF-1 increased the axonal regeneration of vestibular neurons and the addition of NT-3 decreased the total number of axons regenerating from brainstem neurons these experiments strongly suggest that incorporation of molecules that promote axonal growth and/or cell survival increases the possibilities of recuperation after a spinal cord lesion It is worth mentioning that this is the only study in which the cellular response was characterized post-hydrogel implantation after peripheral nerve injury The reported recoveries are to some extent similar to those resulting from autografts the current gold standard to treat peripheral nerve damage further studies that evaluate the recovery with additional parameters such as electrophysiological studies and anterograde/retrograde labeling through regenerated axons across the damaged area are still needed Increasing the possibilities for axonal regeneration after neuronal damage is a complex challenge because it is necessary to overcome several limitations Hydrogels have demonstrated to be useful to overcome some of these barriers particularly by providing an adequate substrate for axonal growth Their versatility allows modification of important parameters which can positively impact on axonal regeneration and this is a significant advantage compared to other biomaterials Although different strategies such as implantation of hydrogel alone or combined with trophic factors or with cells have proved to promote axonal regeneration in different animal models more research is needed to determine if hydrogels can be applied in the clinical setting in the future Tissue regeneration seems to consistently occur after hydrogel application particularly the electrophysiological and behavioral tests show more variable results and these shortcomings will hopefully be resolved soon The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest is supported by grants from Conacyt (131281) and Papiit-UNAM (IN208713) Carballo-Molina received a graduate fellowship from Conacyt Francisco 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triggered in situ gelling system Axon responses of embryonic stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons to semaphorins 3A and 3C Delivery of chemotropic proteins and improvement of dopaminergic neuron outgrowth through a thixotropic hybrid nano-gel cell associations and protein expression levels of NG2 V2 and tenascin-C during acute to chronic maturation of spinal cord scar tissue Biocompatibility of methylcellulose-based constructs designed for intracerebral gelation following experimental traumatic brain injury Synthetic hydrogel guidance channels facilitate regeneration of adult rat brainstem motor axons after complete spinal cord transection Matrix inclusion within synthetic hydrogel guidance channels improves specific supraspinal and local axonal regeneration after complete spinal cord transection Clinical consequences of reinnervation disorders after focal peripheral nerve lesions Facial nerve repair with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene and collagen conduits: an experimental study in the rabbit von Burkersroda Why degradable polymers undergo surface erosion or bulk erosion Reconstruction of the transected cat spinal cord following NeuroGel implantation: axonal tracing immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies Prevention of gliotic scar formation by NeuroGel allows partial endogenous repair of transected cat spinal cord Cultured rat neuronal and glial cells entrapped within hydrogel polymer matrices: a potential tool for neuronal tissue replacement Tissue-engineered scaffolds are effective alternatives to autografts for bridging peripheral nerve gaps Nanofiber scaffolds facilitate functional regeneration of peripheral nerve injury Designer self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffolds for 3D tissue cell cultures Tissue-engineering approaches for axonal guidance Citation: Carballo-Molina OA and Velasco I (2015) Hydrogels as scaffolds and delivery systems to enhance axonal regeneration after injuries Received: 21 October 2014; Accepted: 09 January 2015; Published online: 17 February 2015 Copyright © 2015 Carballo-Molina and Velasco. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited in accordance with accepted academic practice distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms *Correspondence: Iván Velasco, Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, México, D.F.-04510, México e-mail:aXZlbGFzY29AaWZjLnVuYW0ubXg= Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish Many ministers wonder if in retirement they’ll run out of money before they run out of life But it’s also important to consider the scenario of running out of life Both are important considerations about retirement that require being proactive Ministers are certainly not immune to the first consideration But the second impacts us every bit as much I served for more than sixteen years with GuideStone Financial Resources (the employee benefits agency of Southern Baptists) and assisted thousands of pastors and other ministers with their retirement accounts in individual appointments Some pastors and ministers I met exhibited some skewed thinking about money A banker once told me that the “Three ‘P’ Rule” was fairly common knowledge among bankers: Never loan money to poets In a brief, insightful article a few years ago, pastor Bill Newton wrote “Why banks see pastors as bad credit risks.” I urge you to read it being a bad credit risk is not true of all pastors but the “one bad apple” rule often impacts others A pastor’s integrity is vital to every facet of life I want to focus for a few minutes on retirement Some pastors have interesting ideas about it I have included a link to more detailed information I encourage you to read this entire article first and then click on links about which you’d like more information First, some ministers see themselves as never retiring But the reality is that not many churches are willing to have seventy-five-plus-year-old pastors part-time service in a church may be possible (Which becomes especially challenging if a minister has opted out of Social Security See my next point below.) Most of us will need 75 percent (or greater) of our pre-retirement income in retirement God’s call on a minister’s life doesn’t end at Social Security’s full retirement age Failing to plan for retirement can mean you’re planning to fail But if pastors have been financially wise and frugal “retired” ones are freer than ever to do everything God has called them to do and go anywhere he sends them it simply means you don’t need to be paid any longer Next, some ministers have “opted out” of Social Security This option is available briefly to ministers after ordination But it’s available only to those who conscientiously object to the government providing public insurance to citizens not to those who simply object to paying the 15.3 percent self-employment tax Most pastors I know don’t meet this requirement A minister is required to sign an IRS document attesting to this objection Opting out of Social Security is irrevocable and it eliminates the eligibility of benefits for your family if you should die young or become disabled It also eliminates eligibility for Medicare at age sixty-five unless you have enough credits earned in Social Security in non-ministerial employment Unless ministers who have opted out have aggressively saved for retirement (15 percent or greater of total income) or purchased additional disability and life insurance to protect their families many find themselves in desperate financial situations in retirement most ministers I know who opted out of Social Security have regretted it Finally, retirement is as much about health, relationships, and purpose as it is about finances.  If at retirement your health is poor, your relationships weak or fractured, and/or your sense of purpose in retirement unclear, then it will be challenging, even if you have sufficient income. So, across employment years, ministers must not only save for retirement but regularly exercise, eat right, and find ways to release stress if they want to experience retirement years as “golden.” Ministers also should take good care of their primary relationships—family and friends—and not be continuously absent or consumed by the needs of parishioners. As well, each of us must have projects, goals, and aspirations for our retirement years. I remember hearing it said that many newly retired pastors’ wives often felt they had “too much husband and not enough income.” Our spouses likely don’t need us to micromanage their lives. So, what will your retirement years be like? It’s common wisdom to begin with the end in mind, retirement included. Personally, I don’t have to look very far to see a good example of a great retirement. My godly, ninety-year-old mother delivers meals to the “elderly.” After Dad died, she moved to a senior living community and still lives independently. Graduated care is available whenever she may require it. She and Dad purchased long-term care insurance decades ago, which has served them exceedingly well, especially in Dad’s declining years. My mother’s well-being is no accident or happenstance. She’s made a world of new friends. She goes to social functions regularly. She sends me texts every single day. She’s active in church and continually reads. She’s always asking how she can help. Her five grandchildren and fifteen great-grandchildren adore her. She’s generous and kind. And fun and funny. Psalm 92:14 describes her well, “They still bear fruit in old age; they are ever full of sap and green.” Yet, her eyesight is failing and her hearing is frustrating. Her arthritis is painful, and her scoliosis bends her over. Celiac disease limits what she can eat. She often requires a cane to walk. But she doesn’t let these “momentary afflictions” define or confine her. She prepared for these eventualities and is living with few to no regrets. She and Dad scrimped and saved during their work years. They worked hard and prayed harder, always with the end in mind. They were faithful to each other and to the Lord. My brother and I have advanced college degrees because during our childhood years they set the example and made the sacrifices necessary for us to go to college. They always exercised, ate wisely (even when that wasn’t vogue), and found ways to be hopeful in hard times. Dad died with dementia a few years ago, but, not surprisingly, my mother pressed on. She is the epitome of Isaiah 40:31: “But they who wait for the Lord shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings like eagles; they shall run and not be weary; they shall walk and not faint.” I’ve heard it said that every end is also a new beginning. Think of retirement that way. It can be the beginning of a wonderful season of life—even for ministers and pastors. The power of retirement savings is in compounding returns on investments over time. Non-monetary investments—health, attitude, and relationships—compound, too. Join over 325,000 readers discerning news differently If what you’ve just read inspired, challenged, or encouraged you today, or if you have further questions or general feedback, please share your thoughts with us. netted the only goal of the game in the 25th minute, volleying the ball beyond Patrick Schulte at Lower.com Field.  It marked the Red Bulls' first win over Columbus in the postseason with the Crew having won their previous four playoff meetings before Tuesday.  But the visitors were indebted to their goalkeeper Carlos Coronel who made eight saves throughout the contest to put the Red Bulls one game up ahead of the second leg accumulating an expected goals (xG) total of 0.77 though the Red Bulls managed a 0.85 xG with only three attempts on target In the other playoff game, Jefferson Diaz converted the decisive spot-kick for Minnesota United as they came out 5-4 victors in a penalty shootout against Real Salt Lake.  Diaz slotted home his penalty before Braian Ojeda struck the woodwork with Salt Lake's final effort putting the Loons a game up in their best-of-three series.  In an evenly contested affair at America First Field with Kelvin Yeboah and Cristian Arango squandering the best opportunities for their sides.  Minnesota and Salt Lake tied three times in the regular season and again could not be separated after 90 minutes.  Both teams missed in the third round of the shootout as Minnesota captain Michael Boxall and Salt Lake's Justen Glad failed to convert from 12 yards.  earning a vital victory in the first postseason encounter between the two sides.  The New York Red Bulls beat Columbus Crew 1-0 while Minnesota United won a penalty shootout 5-4 against Real Salt Lake in the MLS playoffs.Felipe Carballo's first MLS goal secured New York Red Bulls a 1-0 triumph over reigning MLS Cup champions Columbus Crew in the first match of their best-of-three series and you know what that means—Valentine’s season is officially here!  to answer some fun Valentine's Day questions Your go-to kilig movie or series:“Medyo corny siya pero nanonood ako ng ‘Ang Mutya ng Section E,’” she says Who wouldn’t love a good dose of high school romance with a twist of drama Ang Mutya ng Section E (The Jewel of Section E) is a sweet coming-of-age romantic comedy based on the bestselling Wattpad trilogy by Eatmore2behappy a girl who transfers to a fancy school only to land in the school’s wildest section—Section E things get really interesting with the boys Pampakilig song: “Everything by Michael Bublé.”  and everything in between with that choice!  Gift you’d love to receive this Valentine’s Day: As a words-of-affirmation queen Looks like there’s room for someone special Valentine's season just got a whole lot more kilig thanks to Cassie We use cookies to ensure you the best experience on our website Sign up for our daily Newsletter and stay up to date with all the latest news You are receiving this pop-up because this is the first time you are visiting our site You are using software which is blocking our advertisements (adblocker) we are relying on revenues from our banners So please disable your adblocker and reload the page to continue using this site.Thanks Argentina's pear harvest and exports look promising with growers hoping to have a good year This follows after a 'great' Argentinian cherry season He says the fruit improved this year compared to last year "The difference between this year and last year is this improvement in the skin as well as volumes concentrated in large calibers." Carballo says that prices are lower while the marketing also started slowly "The Williams market has started very slowly because there are many companies with Packham's pears from last season with a large presence in important markets such as Brazil This means that prices are lower than last year Middle Valley of the Province of Rio Negro in Argentina and the United Arab Emirates as well as Latin America Argentina's cherries had a 'great year'"As for Cherries concentrated on 26/28 (Jumbo) and 28/30 (extra Jumbo) The largest percentage of the market was taken by the USA and China being very high at the beginning and then decreasing as Chile began to increase its volumes." "For Danjou and Abate Fetel we find good prices since we are the largest producers in Argentina of these two varieties This allows us to have the greatest presence in markets such as Israel We therefore hope that this will be a great year for pears due to the good quality and good sizes," concludes Carballo For more information:Jonatan CarballoEmelka SATel: +54 9 113 599 1190[email protected] www.emelka.com.ar FreshPublishers © 2005-2025 FreshPlaza.com Here is her guide to Buenos Aires's queer tango scene from Muchaches in the barrio to the Tango World Championships A dance characterised by stern expressions the tango is part of Buenos Aires' DNA where it earns international accolades at elegant ballroom competitions and draws crowds at informal milonga dance events in the city's colourful barrios (neighbourhoods) The original "forbidden" Latin American dance tango originated with European immigrants who arrived to Buenos Aires' ports in the 1900s quickly becoming popular with the city's lower classes Same-sex tango was originally common between men as it was considered improper for women to dance as the dance gained status in the ballroom arena with men-women couples A queer tango in Buenos AiresThe daughter of professional dancers, Carballo grew up seeing the dance as strictly heteronormative. "I had to wear a miniskirt and heels and dance with a man in the dominant role," says Carballo, who set up her all-female dance troupe Tango Entre Mujeres in 2014 The troupe had to endure strife to carve a place for queer tango in Buenos Aires "People would leave the room and say it wasn't real tango," says Carballo Queer tango remains an act of resistance in Argentina which is why the close-knit community works together to sustain a colourful "Each milonga has different characteristics and is united by the fact that any queer person can feel comfortable in the spaces," says Carballo Here are five of Carballo's recommendations for experiencing queer tango in passionate Buenos Aires With historic buildings dating from the 17th Century San Telmo is one of Buenos Aires' most touristed neighbourhoods this barrio is known for its bohemian vibes For a queer twist on the emblematic neighbourhood Carballo recommends the weekly Friday milonga and class close to [iconic flea market and Historic National Monument] Plaza Dorrego" says Carballo "It's a very cultural neighbourhood." Muchaches is open to all but takes place in Lugar Gay a hostel exclusive to same-sex male couples where it attracts a predominantly male gay crowd Muchaches' teacher Edgardo Fernández Sesma is a seasoned instructor who has been active in the queer tango scene for decades "He is a great person and very accessible," says Carballo "He's spent a lot of time promoting these queer spaces." Website: http://www.lugargay.com.ar/ Phone: +54 114300-4747 Instagram: @lugar.gay Some of the most special queer tango classes take place in LGBTQ+ spaces "where everything is for the community", says Carballo. One of them is Milonga Brandon, a large dance party and class that takes place once a month, instructed by "iconic" queer tango dancer, Soledad Nani she's an ambassador of queer tango," says Carballo a tie and a shirt; and she has always danced with women Because the Buenos Aires tango scene is dynamic and often changing Carballo's recommendation is to experience as much queer tango as possible; from music to dance "Sometimes a milonga will include a live music show," she says "But it depends if there's money to hire a duo that plays guitar and vocals Nani's milonga takes place in Casa Brandon a civil and cultural association that works on a multitude of projects to promote inclusivity and equal rights Carballo also recommends Tango Para Todes, which takes place in an LGBTQ+ venue, Feliza "It was made by three friends who got together and just wanted to do something that made them happy," says Carballo Both Casa Brandon and Feliza host queer parties and various gay-oriented events including speed dating Website: https://brandon.org.ar/ver/  Address: Casa Brandon: Luis Maria Drago 236 Instagram: @casabrandon  Website: https://linktr.ee/felizarcoiris Instagram:  @felizarcoiris/ "It is a nice event to time a visit," says Carballo who explains that the two-day festival gives people a full 360-experience of "all the queer tango community" Website: https://web.facebook.com/p/Festival-Tango-Queer-de-Buenos-Aires-100064492432401/  Instagram: @TangoqueerBA Argentina has weathered several economic recessions in the last two decades and has one of the highest inflation rates in the world Buenos Aires has miraculously maintained a thriving 24/7 bar Queer tango is no different; even on a Monday you can find an engaging queer tango event — Despelote Tango Queer "There's at least one queer milonga every day and Despelote is the only one I know of that is hosted on Monday," says Carballo who recommends checking ahead of time in case of venue changes or closures adding: "The economic and political situation in Argentina is unpredictable" The Despelote Tango Queer milonga takes place in Libario Cultural Centre in the trendy Palermo district with a bar space and a small stage," says Carballo Aside from weekly queer tango, Libario houses theatre live music and other artistic and cultural events Instagram:@eldespelotetango the World Tango Championships is where thousands of the world's best tango stars compete While there is no competition exclusively for LGBTQ+ partners same-sex couples have been allowed to compete since 2013 "There are women-women and men-men partners," says Carballo who stresses that queer couples are still very much the minority "Perhaps there's around 400 couples There'll be around five same-sex pairs." says that queer partners have made it to the final several times despite their low numbers and relatively new participation in the event Website: https://buenosaires.gob.ar/cultura/tango-ba-festival-y-mundial Phone:  +54 11 5050-0147 Instagram: @festivalesgcba/ BBC Travel's The SpeciaList is a series of guides to popular and emerging destinations around the world as seen through the eyes of local experts and tastemakers If you liked this story, sign up for The Essential List newsletter – a handpicked selection of features For more Travel stories from the BBC, follow us on Facebook, X and Instagram.  Rome's most stunning optical illusions revealedFrom the Malta Knights keyhole to a set of vanishing columns, discover the Eternal City's visual secrets. 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Volume 4 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2022.797331 Among the Indigenous polities of precolonial Mesoamerica headed by a confederation of three city-states was the largest recorded and remains the best understood due to its chronicling in Spanish and Nahuatl texts following the Spanish-Aztec war and colonial transformation to New Spain Yet its political organization is routinely mischaracterized in popular media and lesser-known contemporaries and predecessors in central Mexico exhibit variability in governing strategies over time and space of interest to comparatively oriented scholars of premodern polities Common themes in governance tended to draw from certain socio-technological realities and shared ontologies of religion and governing ideologies Points of divergence can be seen in the particular entanglements between political economies and the settings and scales of collective action I review how governance varied synchronically and diachronically in central Mexico across these axes and especially in relation to resource dilemmas the relative strength of corporate groups versus patron-client networks The gulf in understanding between popular media coverage and specialist discourse on the political organization of the Aztecs is surely one of the largest among the world’s precolonial Popular accounts concentrate disproportionately on the politico-religious spectacle of human sacrifice at the Mexica-Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan—the dominant polity in the Triple Alliance empire—with coverage of new archaeological discoveries of skull-racks and the like serving as online click-bait that is typically decontextualized from practices of Mexica warfare An analogy might be depictions of imperial Rome focusing primarily on crucifixions and episodes of take-no-prisoners or sowing-fields-with-salt warfare to an audience unfamiliar with that society Stemming from such a skewed representation a layperson could be excused for thinking that Mexica and that assumption may transfer to their lesser-known contemporaries and predecessors I aim to show how such analyses can be furthered through inclusion of the insights derived from the study of human-environment interactions and the material correlates of changes in political and economic organization in deep historical perspective all of which either do not apply at all to Mesoamerica or do but to a much lesser degree Eurasian political elites were able to significantly control military and transportation technologies whereas in others these technologies were distributed widely and provided balances to absolutist power instead fostering more pluralistic or heterarchical political arrangements All three played a role in structuring the possibilities and limitations that central Mexican individuals and polities faced in their strategies of risk mitigation Climatological map of central Mexico showing shaded climate zones Data acquired from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) FIGURE 2. Classification of types of goods (based on Ostrom et al., 1994) with examples of variable axes relevant to precolonial central Mexico In the realm of economic goods, Blanton et al. (2005) identify a sequence of political-economic transitions over three millennia of precolonial Mesoamerican history: 1) early interregional exchange centered on prestige goods particularly between social elites earlier in the Formative period (ca 1200–500 BCE); 2) the maturation of economies of regional goods associated with a proliferation of urban centers and wide participation on the part of non-elites in the later Formative and Classic periods (ca 500 BCE—700 CE); and 3) the creation of a macroregional system better integrated through markets that mobilized staples as well as bulk luxuries—finer goods that were widely available throughout the socioeconomic spectrum in the Postclassic period (ca the scheme should be amended to have the second transition end at around 600 CE with the collapse of Teotihuacan and start of the Epiclassic period (ca The period saw political balkanization and reconfiguration into smaller city-states featuring hybrid styles of art and architecture and attempts on the part of political elites to create the next Teotihuacan prior to the rise of the Aztec system in a way analogous to European kingdoms following the collapse of Rome I focus primarily on Classic through Postclassic governance in central Mexico which span the regional-goods transformation culminating in Teotihuacan becoming the largest city in the Americas balkanization and reconfiguration into smaller city-state polities and the integration of the more commercialized “world” economy beginning with the Toltec capital of Tula and culminating in the Aztec empire The diverse and multiethnic peoples of central Mexico acted strategically within this ecological and economic backdrop to organize labor, exchange networks, corporate groups, and fiscal systems undergirding polities in various ways. Yet, following the logic of deep-time political histories (e.g., Boix 2015) one might predict that barriers to elite control of key military and transportation technologies should have resulted on the whole in more collective or pluralistic polities What does the historical record of the better documented later societies of central Mexico say Understanding this variability provides opportunities for evaluating under what structural and historical variables “good” governance arises—meaning more pluralistic decision making with greater accountability of principals—and the ways in which it can be undermined It also helps to identify what archaeological signatures are most appropriate for considering the remains of early civilizations who lacked extensive textual documentation Texts authored by Spanish conquistadors single out Xicotencatl the elder who represented the Ocotelulco faction of the confederation Yet leading figures of other important factions in the governance structure are also named including Temilotecutli of Tepeticpac and Chichimecatecle of Quiahuitzlan and it is clear that within this pluralistic system decisions were made by a sizable ruling council that may have numbered in the low hundreds of representatives Cholula represents a different model of governance from Tlaxcala (Lind 2012; Plunket and Uruñuela 2017, 2018: 199–237) It was not as pluralistic in the number of key decision-makers but featured a system of co-rulership and the election of principals by a governing council that Cortés equated to how the Great Council of Venice elected its doges Similar councils were also present in polities such as Huejotzingo and Chalco but Cholula possessed a high level of prestige within Mesoamerica as one of its longest-lived cities Its origins as an urban center began in the first millennium BCE but it was during the first millennium CE that the city’s inhabitants oversaw construction of the largest pyramidal-temple by volume in Mesoamerica (perhaps the world) At the time of the Spanish invasion Cholula played a pivotal role in Mexico as a market town and pilgrimage center dedicated to the god Quetzalcoatl rulers-elect of other central Mexican polities often traveled to Cholula for ceremonies of investiture Tenochtitlan’s governance structure included secondary leaders who wielded significant power—such as the cihuacoatl charged with internal affairs—and offered several opportunities for the social promotion of lower nobles and even commoners The middle tier depicts quarters for housing visiting leaders of other altepemeh of the Triple Alliance as well as other allies on diplomatic visits The lower tier depicts a “Council Hall of War” for higher ranked warriors at left and “Motecuhzoma’s Council Hall” at right The council hall illustration shows four judges sitting in deliberation on appeals originating in commoners’ court with four litigants pleading their cases depicted below Rooms of the palace not depicted but known from other sources include the Achcuahcalli (“House of Constables”) and quarters for the palace overseer as well as singers and dancers the image captures the courtly life of a palace at the apex of Aztec society that was certainly hierarchically organized yet also featured checks on principals and degrees of pluralistic decision-making available to noble councilmembers and high-ranking military officials “In the old days they performed their communal labor in their own towns … They did their work together and with much merriment for they are people who do little work alone but together they accomplish something … The building of the temples and the houses of the lords and public works was always a common undertaking and many people worked together with much merriment.” What of earlier central Mexican societies for whom we possess no written records or relatively brief hieroglyphic texts used to primarily record calendrical cycles Precolonial depictions of rulers were present for Tenochtitlan though decidedly secondary to religious imagery whether part of the built environment of urban centers or artifact distributions among households and mortuary contexts can be used to gauge key sources of fiscal financing and iconographic variables provide lines of evidence in reconstructions of political organization among earlier central Mexican societies when utilitarian economies became more robust and more equitably distributed among households of non-elites also grew as the result of rapid migration associated with volcanic activity in the southern Basin of Mexico Urbanization and state formation therefore necessitated the integration of multiethnic populations and this appears to have been accomplished through political ideologies that emphasized shared interests such as rain in a semiarid environment and generalized social roles rather than powerful dynasts or lineages This debate also tends to lack any sense of the possibility of diachronic change as if Teotihuacan and other Indigenous polities were locked into one form of political organization for centuries even though we know of historical change in later polities of Mesoamerica Art and architecture from pre-Aztec polities: (A) Classic period Teotihuacan (ii) plan of the Yayahuala apartment compound and (iii) mural of processing priests from Tepantitla; (B) Epiclassic period Cacaxtla (ii) plan of palatial compound at its summit and (iii) mural of figure in eagle outfit from doorway in northeast of palace Photos and illustrations by David Carballo that political power was depicted more abstractly with reference to notions of the social roles of individuals in keeping the cosmos going and the polity strong Although new finds could change our view of political organization in these two cities the comparison serves to illustrate how archaeologists reconstruct political organization through material remains and triangulate between those remains and texts from the culture area in concluding that Cacaxtla was more palatially and elite-network focused than Teotihuacan and artifact distributions of the two cities are indicative of polities with differing fiscal underpinnings Through this overview of political organization and governance in precolonial central Mexico I hope to have underscored how the Indigenous peoples of this part of the world developed a spectrum of strategies within the constraints and possibilities offered by time and place The ecological and economic realities they faced meant that key resources were often more difficult for aspiring political elites to control than in many other world regions that saw premodern state formation such resources in central Mexico were more frequently managed as common-pool resources reliant on collective labor and more often constituted internal fiscal streams variability in governance is observable both synchronically and diachronically On the eve of Cortés’ invasion textual accounts make clear that the wider Aztec world featured an empire made through the confederation of city-states other polities with co-rule structures and powerful governing councils such as Cholula republican form of governance at the imperial rival state of Tlaxcala Similar variability can be gleaned through archaeological remains in the millennium or so leading up to these societies indicative of more pluralistic governance at the pre-Aztec metropolis of Teotihuacan and a more exclusionary or patron-client system at the subsequent city-state of Cacaxtla The region therefore offers compelling cases for examining the conditions within which more pluralistic governance norms and more accountable bureaucratic institutions arise or are suppressed by political elites They expand the range of non-Western cases that should be part of comparative scholarship on political history Reconstructions of premodern polities with little or no textual documentation draw especially on archaeology and iconography and lack the additional support offered by texts but 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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited *Correspondence: David M. Carballo, Y2FyYmFsbG9AYnUuZWR1 This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page UST playmaker Cassie Carballo practices patience as she works to get her peak form in UAAP Season 87