Find out what the ‘smart wine’ specialist has in store at MWC25 with this preview interview with the company’s CEO. Rodalies commuter rail services have been practically fully restored on Wednesday after Monday's blackout. All lines were operating normally as midday, after service was fully restored on the R3 and R4 lines. At the start of Wednesday’s service, trains were running on the R3 between L’Hospitalet de Llobregat and Ripoll, while buses covered the journey between Ripoll and Puigcerdà. However, at 7.20 am a remote control failure forced the service between Vic and Ripoll to be cut off. Separately, on the R4, a signalling failure between Els Monjos and l'Arboç which was causing delays, was resolved before noon. Renfe provided a replacement bus service between Sant Vicenç de Calders and Vilafranca del Penedès to minimize the impact on passengers while technicians worked to fix the problem. The railway company has reported that in some stations the information and sales systems may not work properly due to failures caused by the shutdown of technological elements of the network. Technicians are working to replace damaged parts and repair the damage to the system. Renfe reported this Tuesday that it would work all night to recover usual services in the commuter rail network, after the difficulties it had in restoring the service the day after the shutdown. At night, the R1 line (between Molins de Rei and Maçanet Massanes), the R2 (between Castelldefels and Granollers Centre), the R2 Nord (between El Prat Airport and Maçanet Massanes), the R3 (between Hospitalet and Puigcerdà), the R4 (between Sant Vicenç de Calders and Manresa) and the R11 (between Barcelona and Portbou) had been restored with minimal services. “Today everything ran smoothly,” Marta Belmonte said to ACN, a commuter from Tiana (Maresme) who travels to Barcelona for work, expressing surprise at the experience. Get the day's biggest stories right to your phone High School: Gerard comes to Arkansas from Alicante Spain and has a career-high singles ranking of No Planelles Ripoll has competed in 11 professional tournaments across Spain Thanks for visiting The use of software that blocks ads hinders our ability to serve you the content you came here to enjoy We ask that you consider turning off your ad blocker so we can deliver you the best experience possible while you are here The 18-time outdoor champion wins on day one The first day in Ripoll was a success one for the Repsol Honda Team riders as Toni Bou took his tenth win of the year in TrialGP Gabriel Marcelli rounded off the podium and kept the advantage in the chase for the runner-up position Bou had clinched the title at the previous round in Cahors (France) he gave his all on the first day of the Spanish TrialGP Bou took the lead in the standings in a trial where every point was valuable the Repsol Honda rider continued in the same vein and took his tenth victory of a fantastic outdoor season A great performance was also put in by Marcelli who this weekend is fighting for the runner-up position in the standings with Jaime Busto after having some difficulties in Zones 1 and 2 the Montesa Cota 4RT rider placed fifth with 28 penalty points the Galician rider took a step forward and snatched third place He maintains second position in the standings with a 5-point advantage On Sunday the second race will be held in Ripoll It's always important to end the season with a win It's a very special weekend for us and being able to get the win on the first day was incredible the team did a great job and the goal tomorrow will be to repeat the same result to close the season in the best way possible." We had a moment during the first lap in which it was a bit tricky but in the end I managed to recover points Tomorrow is possibly the most important day of this season so I'll try to take the pressure off myself We'll do our best and fight to try to stay on the podium." but he managed to come back on the second lap and he got the necessary advantage over Jaime to take the win Gabri had some difficulties on the first lap but he didn't give up and he took the podium in the end That's very important for tomorrow and his fight for the runner-up spot with Jaime Architecture studios, MH.AP and Sergi Serrat have collaborated to design the new changing rooms and multipurpose room for a sports centre in Ripoll a small municipality in Girona surrounded by mountains at the foot of the Pyrenees This complex has a distinctive past and is shaped by the buildings that surround it the project follows a strategy of space optimisation that leads to a design based on repetition the efficiency of materials and traditional construction techniques thus reducing the creation of waste and resulting in a solid and compact volume that is sensitive and careful The Ripoll sports centre designed by MH.AP + Sergi Serrat consists of a low-rise brick building with a gabled roof under which the changing rooms and trainers' rooms are located whose structure is based on a modular system of wooden trusses supported on the walls and which have access to both facades facilitating the entry and exit of visitors and providing greater lighting and ventilation The height of the volume changes to achieve a larger space that contains the multipurpose room that communicates with the rest of the spaces such as the double exterior corridors that allow a perimeter circulation covered by an eave protecting those who pass through them from possible inclement weather or the semi-covered area between the changing rooms and the multipurpose room that also serves as a shaded access to the field Project description by MH.AP + Sergi Serrat Winning proposal in collaboration with Sergi Serrat for the construction of the new changing rooms and multi-use space for a sports centre in Ripoll a small village in Catalonia surrounded by mountains The complex already had a distinctive character shaped by the buildings around the football field Our intention was not to create an element that stood apart from this existing configuration but rather to incorporate a new neighbor that felt part of the ensemble One of the key aspects of the proposal is its optimisation driven by initial budget constraints and further challenged by the post-pandemic crisis in resources and prices drove us to design a building based on repetition and trustworthy construction techniques to reduce waste Following the horizontal proportion of the low brick building on the opposite side of the field we designed a long floor plan divided into two volumes The gabled roof houses the locker rooms and coaches' rooms transitioning to a single slope to create a larger space that accommodates the multipurpose room Double exterior corridors allow for perimeter circulation under an overhang The roof of the locker rooms is supported by a modular system of wooden trusses resting on brick walls we mitigated wind loads by incorporating steel tension rods into a portal frame system which allowed us to reduce the column sections and lower construction costs The semi-covered area between the locker rooms and the multipurpose room serves as a shaded access to the football field MH.AP. Lead Architects.- Marina Huguet Blasi, Andrés Peñuela Betancur.Sergi Serrat. Pol Masip. Architect from the ETSAV [Vallés School of Architecture] since 2002 He worked in different studios between 1997 and 2004 before starting GRND82 in 2004 GRND82 is an open platform created in 2004 by young professionals from the world of architecture and interior design trained in leading studios in the city of Barcelona with the same objective: to offer contemporary proposals economic and cultural context through constant research and dialogue with their clients They are attracted by the idea of working under tight budgets and conditions as it represents an opportunity to investigate new potentials in programs materials and construction systems so that they are capable of adapting to new social These investigations are continuously reinforced by the studio's participation in various architectural competitions and by teaching tasks at different universities of architecture and design: ETSAV The team's work has been recognized through various awards and exhibitions including mentions for emerging AR+D architects awarded by the RIBA and nominations for the Mies Arch 2011 and FAD 2010 awards His projects have been published in different specialized media such as METALOCUS He currently develops his task as a professor of practice at Tulane School of Architecture Archive Architecture View the discussion thread. Copyright © 2025 Multimedia Jamaica Ltd The late principal of Jessie Ripoll Primary School were remembered today at a memorial service in Myrtle Beach following their tragic deaths in a car crash a beacon to those with whom he interacted,” said Stevens’ cousin he always treated me more like a brother,” Henry added Camesha was described as the true embodiment of grace and light “Her memorable labour of love will live on in the hearts of all who knew her,” remarked Brian Brown stated that Jamaica has lost two of its brightest lights was attended by family members and friends who will be unable to attend the couple’s funeral in Jamaica Stevens and his wife were killed in a motor vehicle crash on a highway in South Carolina on Friday The couple had just completed a vacation with their two daughters and were heading to the airport to return to Jamaica Follow The Gleaner on X, formerly Twitter, and Instagram @JamaicaGleaner and on Facebook @GleanerJamaica. Send us a message on WhatsApp at 1-876-499-0169 or email us at onlinefeedback@gleanerjm.com or editors@gleanerjm.com View the discussion thread. View the discussion thread. When Kadian Glenn took her daughter to Jessie Ripoll Primary on the first day of school the crying youngster – adamant she did not want to be left there – was met by a cheerful who Glenn said spent much of the day comforting and reassuring her affectionate and patient as he spoke to her daughter so much so that Glenn was surprised when she later found out that he was O’Neil Stevens – the principal of the school who at the same time was not one to shirk a football match with six-graders during lunch breaks Stevens treated all the children as his own; and that is how the students and parents remembered their beloved principal yesterday as they officially started the new school term who had been principal at the school for seven years died tragically in a car accident on a highway in South Carolina in the United States They had reportedly stopped to change a flat tyre when they were mowed down The couple and their two daughters were en route to the airport to return to Jamaica after a Christmas vacation overseas This is really hard,” bemoaned Kadian Glenn like most parents and staff at a special devotion on Tuesday I couldn’t believe he was the principal,” said Glenn recalling her first interaction with Stevens when he consoled her child “My daughter and his daughter have been in the same class since then Instead of excitement to be back among friends Enlarged photographs of Stevens amid floral tributes at two locations inside the school reminded attendees of the reality of their loss that reality tumbled home harder than others “Their emotions are all over the place but because they have each other to talk to and to hold on to I think they are trying to cope with each other But there is a mixture of emotions – sadness some of them really don’t know how to feel at this point,” offered Davina Graham offering comfort to the many crying students who attended “I’m trying to process it as best as I can but I have to put on a stronger face for them (children) because they are at a place where they really don’t know how to process it and we have to be helping them with that,” continued Graham as many of her coworkers wiped their tears Chairman Marcia Thwaites reflected on his kind and humble nature He was a team player – a teachable leader – who was on top of his emotions noting that he was always striving to be a better version of himself Representatives from the Ministry of Education the Child Protection and Family Services Agency and other entities including nurses from the Bellevue Hospital were also on hand to offer grief counselling and mental support the mother of Deputy Head Girl Yendy Crosdale “My daughter was very close to him as a student leader It was afterwards that we saw it online and she has just been in disbelief ever since,” said Collins who was also teary-eyed as she looked on at the devotion from the second floor “We are just here offering out services Final exams are also right around the corner so we are doing out part to ensure our students can be back to some form of normalcy,” explained Judine Brown head of the Child and Family Support Psychology Unit The students were urged to live and operate in the teachings of their beloved principal They were charged with displaying good manners and discipline in their academic pursuits and to stay true to this year’s school theme and to ‘support the Mercy journey’ of their peers corey.robinson@gleanerjm.com View the discussion thread. Former Jessie Ripoll Primary Principal Sister Shirley Chung who first interviewed O’Neil Stevens to succeed her in 2018 was initially hesitant to hand the reins to him as he had no experience at the primary school level noting how fond the children were of him and the transformative impact he has had on the Kingston-based school tragically lost their lives in a motor vehicle accident on a United States highway on Friday They were struck by another vehicle after reportedly stopping to change a flat tyre They had just completed their Christmas vacation with their two daughters in South Carolina and were heading to the airport to board a flight back home The other occupants of the vehicle – which included the couple’s daughters their maternal grandmother and a driver – were unharmed Stevens’ mother told The Sunday Gleaner yesterday Sister Shirley is among those left reeling from the news of the tragedy I just didn’t feel like there were the right [fit] for the school,” she recalled in a Sunday Gleaner interview late Saturday evening [but] I’m not so sure.’ With not much experience – because he was a classroom teacher he was in a secondary school – I thought and I reflected and I thought about it ‘I am going to give him a chance’,” recalled Sister Shirley who served as principal of the school for 26 years before handing the reins to Stevens “There was something about him that kind of struck me that maybe he may be the right person for the job I took him through and I explained to him what we were about at Jessie but his wife was a Catholic,” she said noting that this weighed things in his favour Sister Shirley said she has absolutely no regrets “He has been the most cooperative individual ‘How are you doing now?’ He was that person that was open to suggestion and he was not afraid to ask for help,” Sister Shirley said “I’ve watched him with the children I could see he really cared for the children because I would go around and he wouldn’t even know I’m there but I would be just observing and see how the children reacted to him in a very positive emblazoned above a comfort shed at the front of the school The shed is used for shade by children awaiting their parents a parent of a former student at the school paid for the construction of the shed and led other projects and after Stevens was appointed as principal “He was the hands and feet at Jessie Ripoll [Primary] School He was not there [at the time of my donations] because it was Sister Shirley who was principal then There is nothing that I would call and ask him to do and he wouldn’t do it and he treated all the parents in that way,” a tearful Locke told The Sunday Gleaner “I was not a parent [of a child there] anymore but we built a good relationship to help the school ainsworth.morris@gleanerjm.com View the discussion thread. Instead of the usual excitement marking the start of a new year and academic term at Jessie Ripoll Primary School the atmosphere was filled with sorrow and mourning as the school community gathered to grieve the tragic loss of their principal tragically lost their lives in a car accident on a highway in South Carolina when a vehicle struck them after they stopped to change a flat tyre The couple had just wrapped up a vacation with their two daughters and were en route to the airport to return to Jamaica and well-wishers all converged at the Kingston-based school to offer support and comfort each another The air was thick with grief as they reflected on the heartbreaking loss of two precious lives and the impact on their two daughters “The loss of Mr Stevens and his wife is a profound tragedy that has deeply affected everyone at Jessie Ripoll and beyond The support from the public indicates that he was an exceptional leader We will continue to honour Mr Stevens’ legacy as a compassionate and dedicated leader who touched countless lives the ministry ensured that staff received the care and resources they need to cope we will turn our focus to supporting the students The ministry will stand with this school community and helping everyone to heal together,” Education Minister Senator Dr Dana Morris Dixon said Several other representatives were also out to support the Jessie Ripoll family the conveners of all 11 Quality Education Circles The ministry began the day with professional grief counselling sessions which are part of a comprehensive plan to offer support during this challenging period a prayer meeting was held by Roman Catholic clergy to honour the school’s Mercy tradition the national coordinator for education for Catholic schools in Jamaica and a former minister of education hailed Stevens as one of the most promising educators in Jamaica Circumstances have taken him away from us and we’re just mourning We’re not mourning as people without hope We don’t understand God’s plan but we have no one else to rely on but Him,” said Thwaites “He was a very engaging and popular principal and we are here to prepare for the children who will be bewildered and emotionally upset,” Thwaites told The Gleaner president of the school’s parent-teacher association said she was shocked by the news on the weekend adding that she had a great friendship with the principal so it’s a heavy task,” Bromfield said I would have sent her messages because she’s a banker,” she said whom he met through doing business with Scotiabank she had a wonderful personality – always very pleasant She would always make the time to ensure that one was comfortable Forbes said the last time he saw her was in December at the funeral for Glen Bromfield former hotelier and owner of Medallion Hall hotel The trauma and grief counselling teams will return today as the students report to school for the first day of the Easter term View the discussion thread. View the discussion thread. Volume 8 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2021.728531 This article is part of the Research TopicCoupled Feedback Mechanisms in the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere SystemView all 25 articles The plasmapause marks the limit of the plasmasphere and is characterized by a sudden change in plasma density This can influence the other regions of the magnetosphere including due to different waves circulating inside and outside the plasmasphere we first compare the positions of the plasmapause measured by the NASA Van Allen Probes in 2015 with those of the Space Weather Integrated Forecasting Framework plasmasphere model (SPM) Using the Van Allen Probes and other satellite observations like PROBA-V we investigate the links that can exist with the radiation belt boundaries The inward motion of the outer radiation belt associated with sudden flux enhancements of energetic electrons can indeed be directly related to the plasmapause erosion during geomagnetic storms the position of the plasmapause projected in the ionosphere is compared with the ionospheric convection boundary The equatorward motion of the plasmapause projected in the ionosphere is related to the equatorward edge motion of the auroral oval that goes to lower latitudes during storms due to the geomagnetic perturbation like the low altitude plasmapause and the outer radiation belt The links between these different regions are investigated during quiet periods for which the plasmasphere is widely extended as well as during geomagnetic storms for which plumes are generated and then afterwards rotates with the plasmasphere The magnetic local time dependence of these boundaries is especially studied on March 14 2014 after a sudden northward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and for the geomagnetic storm of August 26 showing the importance of the magnetic field topology and of the convection electric field in the interactions between these different regions eventually leading to the coupling between magnetosphere and ionosphere the region of the plasmaspheric trough is characterized by much lower densities electron fluxes earthward of belt’s peak are anti-correlated with cold plasma density Here we will investigate such links using the Van Allen Probes and PROBA-V data We show that long term plumes observed during long storm periods are reproduced by the model we discuss the long-term links of the plasmapause with the other regions of the magnetosphere and especially with the radiation belts in Links Between the Plasmapause and the Radiation Belt Boundaries before analyzing specific cases Radiation Belts and Auroral Oval During a Quiet Period: March 14 2014 to determine the relations between the radial distance and the MLT distribution of the plasmapause the radiation belt boundaries and the auroral oval Radiation Belts and Auroral Oval During the Storm Event of August 26 we show the evolution of these links during the geomagnetic storm of August 26 and show the strong decrease in latitude of all these boundaries during the main phase of the storm in the framework of the global magnetospheric dynamics and its effects on the ionosphere-atmosphere The links between the different boundaries and their MLT distribution are discussed in Discussion About the Links Between the Boundaries and Their the Magnetic Local Time Distribution and the results of the present work are summarized in the concluding section Their measurement of electromagnetic waves allows the deduction of the cold plasma electron density and The detector measures the particle fluxes for seven virtual channels for electrons 11 channels for protons and 11 channels for helium ions We make use of some of the data from the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) (e.g., Johnson and Kierein, 1992). The CRRES mission took place between August 1990 and October 1991. We use the Moldwin et al. (2002) CRRES database for nearly 1,000 orbits of the observed plasmapause positions sorted by the maximum geomagnetic index Kp during the previous 12 h The plasmapause locations were identified as the innermost sharp density gradient of at least a factor of five within a radial distance of 0.5 L We use the SuperDARN (Super Dual Auroral Radar Network) network consisting of more than 30 low-power high frequency (HF) radars that observe the Earth’s upper atmosphere, beginning at mid-latitudes and extending into the polar regions (Ruohoniemi and Baker, 1998) SuperDARN serves to establish the ionospheric convection that The OVATION (Oval Variation, Assessment, Tracking, Intensity, and Online Nowcasting) model is an empirical model of the intensity of the aurora (Newell et al., 2002, 2010; Machol et al., 2012) It gives a short-term forecast of the intensity of the auroral oval for both the Northern and the Southern hemispheres It is based on the solar wind and IMF conditions as measured by the DSCOVR spacecraft The OVATION model is used here to generate the intensity and location of the auroral oval in the Northern hemisphere for cases of quiet and disturbed periods We make use of the empirical radiation belt model AE-8MAX (Vette, 1991; Fung, 1996) to illustrate the meridian view of the radiation belt during maximum solar activity This model incorporates satellite measurements that date back into the 1960s from many orbital regimes This method allows us to determine the plasmapause location (Lpp) from 1-3-2015 to 31-12-2015 represented in Figure 1 as a function of the logarithm of the minimum of Dst during the last 24 h (top panel) we also determine the best linear relation for these data: with err (a) = 0.054 is the standard error on the regression coefficient err (b) = 0.077 is the standard error on the constant and the Root Mean Square Error RMSE = 0.610 Here we have kept all MLT to have enough data for the fit Van Allen Probes apogee varied from 21 MLT to 11 MLT and the outbound crossing of the L = 3 field line varied from 17 MLT to 7 MLT making the above law representative of more dusk and day side plasmapause (Black crosses) Mean plasmapause measured by Van Allen Probes from 2012 to 2019 for four Kp ranges in the night side (Black line) Plasmapause linear relation found in top panel with Van Allen Probes data from March to end December 2015 (Red stars) Plasmapause positions found with the SPM model as a function of Kp (Red line) Plasmapause linear relation found with the SPM model we derive the expression of the plasmapause position for this same period as a function of Kp (middle panel) and find the best linear fit: err(b) = 0.036 and RMSE = 0.601 An empirical relationship between Lpp and Kp had also been deduced previously from ISEE one data for 0–15 LT (Carpenter and Anderson, 1992): where Kpmax24 is the maximum value during the preceding 24 h. This best fit linear relationship is shown by the gray dashed line in the bottom panel of Figure 1 Other authors have derived empirical relations between the plasmapause equatorial distance (Lpp), and a variety of geomagnetic indices such as Kp, Dst or AE. O’Brien and Moldwin (2003) for instance used CRRES data for all MLT and found: The large dispersion of the measurements from the linear fits (clearly visible in Figure 1) highlights that any plasmapause prediction based only on such linear relation could differ by up to 1 RE from the actual locations depending on the events A more sophisticated model is thus necessary for predictions as the SPM model that takes into account the MLT dependence of the plasmapause and uses the historical variation of the Kp index during the 24 previous hours instead of its maximum value only stationary values of Kp during the previous 24 h are used to obtain the plasmapause position averaged on all MLT in the model We find with the model a best linear relation (red line on bottom panel of Figure 1) corresponding to This relation based on averaged values can be used for long term comparisons but the actual plasmapause positions given by the model are of course more precise since they take into account the historical evolution of Kp during the previous hours and the MLT sector of the plasmapause observation the MLT sector can play an important role as the plasmapause can be very asymmetric especially during geomagnetic storms and substorms when plumes are created in the afternoon-dusk MLT sector The SPM model can determine the plasmapause and the plasmaspheric density for any date Only the knowledge of the Kp index for the 24 h before the date to be simulated is required to determine the position of the plasmapause at any MLT during stormy periods This does not mean that plumes generated during storms do not have long term duration Plumes can remain visible during several days Plasmapause (black circles) and electron number density (color scale) in the plasmasphere obtained with the SPM model in the equatorial plane (left panels) and in the meridian plane (right panels) on May 1 These simulations are examples showing that plumes are reproduced in a continuous manner during the first weeks of May 1994 with the SPM model Plume occurrence is due to the high values of the Bartels geomagnetic index Kp which is shown at the top of each panel Note that a longer period of historical evolution of Kp than 24 h is necessary in the most recent version of the model (Pierrard et al., 2021a) to take into account the refilling that takes around two or 3 days after the storm erosion (Gallagher et al., 2021) and the plasmaspheric wind appearing during prolonged quiet periods (Lemaire and Schunk, 1992) The plasmapause is not the only boundary that is clearly correlated to the Dst index. Pierrard et al. (2020) obtained Dst-based relationships of the inner and the outer edges of the outer radiation belt for electrons of energy above 1 MeV The position of the inner edge of the outer belt is very energy-dependent due to the dependence on electron lifetimes This study also shows a correlation between the motion of the inner edge of outer belt and that of the innermost plasmapause location This previous work indicates that it is useful to compare the plasmapause position with the position of the inner edge of the outer belt as done in the next two sections with the observations of both the Van Allen Probes and the LEO PROBA-V satellite The black line represents the plasmapause position that is discussed in the next section The solid black line on the top panel of Figure 3 corresponds to the plasmapause position measured by the Van Allen Probes as previously discussed. The dotted black line on the second panel corresponds to the plasmapause position estimated by the linear Equation 6 deduced from the SPM model. Both are superposed in the fourth panel of Figure 3 Spearman correlation gives a moderate coefficient of 0.36 and RMSE = 0.817 One can see that the linear relation deduced from the SPM plasmapause model based on the geomagnetic activity index Kp gives positions of the plasmapause close to the Van Allen Probes observations with quite similar time variations and a maximum L < 6.2 the model gives lower plasmapause than what is observed some more moderate events show an observed plasmapause further than what predicted by the model This can be due to the MLT sector anisotropy not taken into account in the comparison as well as that observed by Van Allen Probes) is formed closer to the Earth and shows an inward motion similar to the inward motion of the inner edge of the outer belt which appears only for the strongest events for the radiation belt The plasmapause is clearly much more mobile than the inner edge of the outer belt Often in the top panel of Figure 3 (e.g. the plasmapause is located close to the outer edge of the outer belt for E = 2.28 MeV especially during quiet periods longer than several days During the main phase of storms (with Dst < 50 nT mid-March 2015) and even for substorms (inverted Dst peak with 50 nT < minimum Dst < 30 nT) The black line shows the best fit function for these Lm obtained to be may be due to the lower threshold of 100 cm−3 level used to define the plasmapause with Van Allen Probe data the only link we find is a coincident position of the plasmapause with the 1–2.4 MeV electron outer radiation belt during the storm main phase between the storm and the established quiet times during which both edges evolve with their own dynamics Radar and satellite observations for specific dates allow us also to analyze the MLT distribution of different boundaries the limits of the outer belt and the limits of the auroral oval We start in this section with a quiet period for which we have different observations (March 14 2014) and we will analyze in the following section 6 the case of a geomagnetic storm (August 26 a plasmapause between L = 4 and L = 5.2 in the equatorial plane corresponds to a latitude between 60° and 64° when projected in the ionosphere along the magnetic field line The electron density of the plasmasphere obtained with the SPM model on March 14 2014 at 15 h 30 UT in the (left) equatorial and (middle) meridian plane The right panel illustrates the footprint of the plasmapause projected at high latitude in the Northern ionosphere The top panel shows the geomagnetic activity index Kp observed from 13 to March 15 Top panels: ionospheric convection pattern measured by SuperDARN in the Northern hemisphere (left panel) and in the Southern hemisphere (right panel) on March 14 The green lines represent the Heppner-Maynard Boundary (HMB) The blue-red shades show the ionospheric potential Bottom panel: Time evolution from 9h00 to 18h00 UT of the HMB boundary on 14 March 2014 estimated by SuperDARN in degrees of geomagnetic latitude at 0h00 MLT The convection is less extended in the Northern hemisphere (NH left panel) than in the Southern hemisphere (SH right panel) The convection induced by the solar wind directly controls the different processes within the magnetosphere such as the aurora The sequence in the SH is consistent with that in the NH and with some sign of residual plasma convection surviving at somewhat lower latitudes LHMB = 65° Note that the reconstructed convection pattern from SuperDARN is given by models in addition to the observations leading to a HMB very different in the Northern and the Southern hemisphere and a HMB located at higher latitudes in the noon MLT sector than at other MLT due to strong compression of the terrestrial magnetic field associated to solar wind pressure The HMB is found to be located at higher latitudes than the ionospheric footprint of the equatorial plasmapause obtained with the SPM model in both hemispheres The accuracy of the SuperDARN convection pattern reconstruction is to large extent driven by the underlying model Upper panel: Electron flux measured by PROBA-V/EPT at 500–600 keV from 14 to March 20 Middle panel: Electron flux measured by PROBA-V/EPT at 1–2.4 MeV from 14 to March 20 The black dotted line in the middle panel corresponds to the plasmapause obtained from the SPM model Bottom panel: Observed Dst index during the same period (Top four panels) Radiation belt flux versus time and L-shell for sub-relativistic and relativistic electrons for the quiet period of 14–20 March 2014 measured by the Van Allen Probes/ECT suite in the magnetic equatorial plane (Next four panels) Low energy seed electrons (10–100 keV) which contribute to the electromagnetic environment and as source of aurora The magenta line corresponds to the plasmapause position measured by EMFISIS on RBSP A (Bottom panel) Density measured by RBSP A/EMFISIS during the same period For all these energies during this period of quiet geomagnetic activity the plasmapause boundary measured by EMFISIS on RBSP A (magenta line) does not seem to correspond to any specific boundary of the electron fluxes It varies between L = 4 and L = 6 during this time period and is much more irregular than the radiation belt boundaries The plasmasphere generally overlaps the radiation belts during low geomagnetic activity there could not be interactions between plasmaspheric waves and the trapped electrons the observed energetic structure of the radiation belts would not exist Electron flux obtained with the empirical model AE-8MAX for 1 MeV Top panels: EPT observations at 820 km of electron fluxes 500–600 keV from 14 to March 20 2014 in the Northern hemisphere (left) and Southern hemisphere with the South Atlantic Anomaly SAA (right) The black circles with increasing radius correspond to constant latitudes of 80° Bottom panels: (Left) The auroral oval as obtained with the OVATION model in the Northern hemisphere for March 14 The color scale indicates the energy flux producing the aurora The dotted circles correspond to constant latitudes of 80° (Right) The EPT observations of electron fluxes represented on a latitude/longitude map with the SAA at low latitudes and the outer belt at high latitudes The black dots correspond to L = 3.5 (inner equatorward edge) and L = 8.5 (outer polar edge) Figure 9 (top) allows visualization of the oval formed by the outer belt when penetrating at 820 km The bottom right map in latitude-longitude shows that the outer belt corresponds to the high latitude band located above Scandinavia in the Northern hemisphere The fluxes are always artificially low above Europe with EPT due to the pause in the measurements during the transmission of the data to the Belgian station of Redu We find that the auroral oval is located at higher latitudes [from 70° to 80° at 0°–180° of longitude (right side) and from 60° to 70° at 180–360° of longitude (left side)] than the outer radiation belt oval [from 60° to 75° from 0° to 180° of longitude (right side) and from 50° to 60° from 180° to 360° of longitude (left side)] at this date The auroral oval is at higher latitudes than Scandinavia for instance The lower (equatorward) edge of the auroral oval corresponds to the outer (polar) edge of the outer belt even if some overlap is partially observed Both ovals have similar shape slightly elongated at lower latitudes for longitudes >180° due to the configuration of the magnetic field The auroral oval is located at higher latitude than the oval of the outer radiation belt for E = 500–600 keV measured from PROBA-V/EPT the auroral oval is located at higher latitudes than the outer radiation belt as expected since the plasma sheet is located at larger distances in the elongated tail than the inner magnetosphere regions we observe that the inner (equatorial) edge of aurora as obtained by OVATION is close to the outer (polar) edge of the outer belt for E = 500–600 keV the plasmapause also lies beyond the polar edge of the outer belt the outer radiation belt is generally more extended than the plasmasphere The plasmapause located far from the Earth during prolonged low activity periods is still generally below the equatorial edge of the auroral oval for most MLT The energy of the particles is essential to explain the observed differences and some particular overlap of these regions since the particle’s energy determines the particle drift velocity as well as the (trapped or not) position in the inner magnetosphere The August 26, 2018 storm is one of the three most powerful geomagnetic storms, which occurred since the launch of PROBA-V in 2013 (see Figure 1 in Pierrard et al. (2020) for a 7-years representation). For this storm, Kp exceeded 6 (see Figure 10) and Dst reached -174 nT, as illustrated in Figure 12 Plasmasphere electron density in cm−3 in (left) the equatorial plane and in (middle) the meridian plane as well as the ionospheric footprint of the plasmapause at high latitude (right) obtained with the SPM model on (top panel) August 24 The Kp index measured between 23 and August 26 2018 4h30 is also shown in the top figure of each panel We will confirm in Flux Evolution Observed by Van Allen Probes that the plasmasphere observed by Van Allen Probes is highly dynamics for this period We quantify the intensity of convection before and during the storm case of August 26, 2018 in Figure 11 showing ionospheric convection patterns measured by the SuperDARN radars. The convection is much stronger after the storm (bottom panels) than before (top panels). The ionospheric convection boundary HMB determined by SuperDARN is shown by the green line on Figure 11 Ionospheric convection pattern measured by SuperDARN in the Northern hemisphere (left panels) and in the Southern hemisphere (right panels) on (top) August 24 2018 at 22h30 before the storm and (bottom) during the storm of August 26 The green lines represent the ionospheric Heppner-Maynard Boundary (HMB) Arrows represent the measured ionospheric convection velocity (most seen on the Northern hemisphere during the storm) the plots are taken from an extended period of stable IMF and the pattern is fairly fixed in orientation through the 22–23 UT interval The pattern is characteristic of By-conditions The amount of data in the SH is very limited (59 vectors) so we can only say that LHMB ≤ 69° as the equatorward limit of the convection zone could extend equatorward of 69° 2018 at 4h30 during the major storm They show that the convection zone is greatly expanded and LHMB = 50° SuperDARN may not be seeing the equatorward limit of convection The problem is that the radar fields of view are limited to latitudes >50° due to the dynamic range of the instrument there is evidence as well of a greatly expanded convection zone Note the vectors that extend almost to the site of the Kerguelen radar (KER) With fewer radars operating at lower latitudes in the south there is less scope for detecting the equatorward limit the HMB migrates to higher latitudes during storm but with a different latitude and MLT distribution that depends significantly on the magnetic field model used to reconstruct the SuperDARN convection pattern Electron flux measured by PROBA-V/EPT at 500–600 keV from 1 August to September 20 Second panel: Electron flux measured by PROBA-V/EPT at 1–2.4 MeV from 1 August to September 20 The black dotted line corresponds to the plasmapause obtained from the SPM model Third panel: Same as second panel but for 2.4–8 MeV At low energy (30–100 keV) the injections are intense and repeated before and after the 26 August storm 2018 does not generate sub-relativistic injections but does inject low energy electrons the inner belt and the outer belt start merging to form a unique active region surrounding the Earth The waves creating the slot region separating the radiation belts are thus not effective at 10 keV and below Level 2 ECT combined radiation belt spin-averaged flux plotted versus time and L-shell from 1 August to September 20 2018 measured by the ECT suite of Van Allen Probes in the magnetic equatorial plane The magenta line corresponds to the plasmapause position measured by EMFISIS on RBSP B (Top 4) sub-relativistic and relativistic electrons (Next 4) low energy seed electrons (10–100 keV) (Bottom panel) Plasma density of RBSP B/EMFISIS computed as explained in section Van Allen Probes Plasmapause Observations Last panel of Figure 13 shows the plasma density and the plasmapause extracted from it, also reported on the flux. There is a good coincidence of the plasmapause location with the 1.6 MeV channel during the couple of days of the storm recovery (26–28 August 2018), both reaching L = 3. Lower energy electrons penetrate deeper than the Lpp as shown in Figure 13 This confirms the claims made in section Links Between the Plasmapause and the Radiation Belt Boundaries RBSP apogee is at ∼23–22 MLT and cross the L = 3 field line at 19–18 MLT so that the modeled minimum Lpp at 2.5 and the observed minimum plasmapause at L∼3 are consistent The complex structure of the modeled density is confirmed by the filamentary structure of the observations with various detached regions of dense plasma and high variability in time as the probes scan a different region from one pass to another both the outer radiation belt and the plasmasphere evolve at their own rates and no link exists anymore Maps of electron differential flux measured by PROBA-V/EPT in Channel 5 (1–2.4 MeV) at 820 km of altitude in the Northern hemisphere (left panels) and in the Southern hemisphere (right panels) 2018 (top panels) and from 25 August to September 20 2018 (bottom panels) during and after the storm The thin black circles with increasing radius correspond to constant latitudes of 80° Greenwich longitude of 0° corresponds to the bottom in the Northern hemisphere (left panels) and the top in the Southern hemisphere (right panels) the lowest boundary of the outer radiation belt oval for the high energy 1–2.4 MeV reaches 40° of latitude for longitudes between 60° and 120° West in the Northern hemisphere and a latitude of 40° for longitudes between 60° and 180° East The boundary is located at higher latitudes for other longitudes due to the configuration of the magnetic field intensification and broadening of the auroral oval during storms are common characteristics with the outer radiation belt oval but there are major differences concerning the position of the boundaries and the MLT distribution that are detailed in the next section discussing also the plasmapause position and convection pattern during magnetic disturbances Northern hemisphere probability of aurora visibility as predicted by the OVATION model before the storm (upper left) on 24-8-2018 at 22h25 and then during the storm on (upper right) 25-8-2018 at 22h25 on (bottom left) 26-8-2018 at 4h25 and on (bottom right) 26-8-2018 at 10h25 Greenwich longitude of 0° is located in the right side of the panels The convection electric field that depends on the geomagnetic activity seems also implicated in the dynamics affecting these different regions Their results indicate that the mid-latitude trough observed within vertical total electron content maps represents an additional means of identifying the plasmapause boundary location Mid-latitude troughs have to be differentiated from high-latitude ionospheric troughs that are sometimes observed inside and poleward of the auroral oval. They are due to auroral precipitation processes (Collis and Haggstrom, 1988; Voiculescu et al., 2016) Riazanteseva et al. (2018) found that the high-latitude boundary of the outer radiation belt (>100 keV) can be located both inside the auroral oval or equatorward of the low-latitude boundary of the auroral precipitation zone They also found that for slightly disturbed geomagnetic conditions the polar boundary of the outer radiation belt is almost always located inside the auroral oval This is important since the position of the trapping boundary for energetic electrons in the outer radiation belt contains information about the topology of the magnetic field lines of the Earth of the auroral regions and of the radiation belts are all trapped in the magnetic field of the Earth giving them a toroidal shape around the Earth in the meridian plane at very high latitude for the aurora and at mid-latitudes for the radiation belts and the plasmapause their shape is quite different due to their different energy that give them different motion The azimuthal drift is dominated by the electric force: vdrift= (ExB)/B2 It takes thus approximately 24 h for the particles to make a complete rotation The plasmapause and the plasmasphere density are thus highly dependent on MLT with the development of some specific structures like plumes in the afternoon-dusk MLT sector Since the energies of the particles filling the auroral regions the radiation belts and the plasmasphere are very different their drift velocity is also different and can explain some of the differences observed in MLT The physical processes of plasmapause formation and auroral injections are related to the convection electric field that increases during the storm The very energetic particles of the radiation belt are less affected by the electric field since their drift velocity is dominated by the effects of the magnetic (gradient and curvature) force during quiet times that the plasmasphere density correlates with the open magnetic flux associated to reconnection confirming the links we discussed in the present work between the plasmasphere and the aurora footprint of the plasmapause projection in the ionosphere and ionospheric convection pattern) have to be considered within a global view of the magnetosphere as they are all part of this dynamic system The equatorward motion of the different regions of the magnetosphere during storms inner edge of the outer belt and inner edge of the auroral oval implies some possible intersections of these different regions at particular times (as seen in Links Between the Plasmapause 2014 for quiet times and Links Between the Plasmapause all reflecting at their own scales a same magnetic topology of the system Reconnection of the geomagnetic field with the IMF mostly occurs when the IMF is directed southward and generates substorm injections The plasmasphere and the outer belts are in turn also affected by such substorm injection events we study and compare the positions (with respect to L-shell and magnetic local time) of the plasmapause of the radiation belt boundaries and of the auroral oval on the long term during a 10 months period of 2015 and also during two specific periods: one period of quiet geomagnetic activity in March 2014 and one period of disturbed geomagnetic activity associated with the geomagnetic storm of August 26 We combine different satellite observations (the NASA Van Allen Probes for the plasmapause and the radiation belts and the ESA PROBA-V for the radiation belts at LEO) radar observations (SuperDARN for the ionospheric convection) and various models (the SPM plasmasphere model We show the dynamics of these regions in three dimensions We show a similar equatorward motion of the plasmapause the outer belt and the auroral oval during storms suggesting a link due to the magnetic field topology and the convection electric field that increases during storms and substorms Maps in geographic coordinates allow direct comparison of the different boundaries in MLT sectors at the same UT times during quiet and active periods We discuss links between the plasmapause and the projection of the plasmapause in the ionosphere The plasmapause is located at similar distance as the outer edge of the outer belt but only for E∼1.6 MeV and after sufficiently long quiet periods and as the inner edge of the outer belt during the main phase of the storms The radiation belt boundaries are strongly dependent on the energy of the particles the plasmapause is located inside the outer radiation belt The equatorial edge of the auroral oval is often located close to the outer (polar) edge of the outer energetic belt and to the plasmapause during quiet periods There is often overlap between the plasmasphere region the outer radiation belt and equatorward part of the auroral oval the auroral oval position decreases in latitude the ionospheric convection boundary and the inner edge of the outer belt All these regions seem related by the magnetic field and the convection electric field The boundaries are dependent on the energy of the particles especially for the outer radiation belt that include electrons from 100 keV to several MeV The MLT dependence is also different for the plasmasphere and the radiation belts due to the relative contributions of convective and magnetic of the particles at different energies Recent research studies show the need of a more global view of the magnetosphere dynamics that takes into account the interactions between these different regions and the auroral oval certainly need further investigations links between compressions of the plasmapause and luminous phenomena reported in the ionosphere are discussed in Cully et al they remain difficult to explore due to the lack of simultaneous observations Three dimensional dynamic models of different regions of the magnetosphere help providing some vision and understanding global and coupled dynamics between the magnetosphere and the ionosphere with still the need to validate them from more observations and contributed to the analysis of the data EB contributed to improve the SPM model and to realize some plots J-FR computed the plasmapause location from the EFW and EMFISIS density J-FR contributed to the analysis of the data and to the writing of the article ST provided the EFW electron density and GR checked the electron fluxes of Van Allen Probes MM provided the CRRES plasmapause data set MR provided and checked the SuperDARN data The SafeSpace project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 870437. The project Plasmasphere ionosphere Thermosphere Integrated Research Environment and Access services: a Network of Research Facilities PITHIA-NRF (https://www.pithia-nrf.eu/) has received funding from INFRAIA-02–2020 or ECT) data was supported by Energetic Particle and Thermal Plasma (RBSP-ECT) investigation funded under NASA’s Prime contract no The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher The authors thank the editors for their invitation to contribute to this special issue about on Coupled Feedback Mechanisms in the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere System. The authors thank the EFW and EMFISIS teams of the Van Allen Probes mission for their support. 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(2021) Links of the Plasmapause With Other Boundary Layers of the Magnetosphere: Ionospheric Convection Received: 21 June 2021; Accepted: 18 October 2021;Published: 05 November 2021 Copyright © 2021 Pierrard, Botek, Ripoll, Thaller, Moldwin, Ruohoniemi and Reeves. 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Pierrard, dml2aWFuZS5waWVycmFyZEBhZXJvbm9taWUuYmU= Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish The Child Protection and Family Services Agency (CPFSA) says it is deeply disturbed by the alleged sexual assault of a six-year-old girl by an 11-year-old boy at the Jessie Ripoll Primary School in St Andrew CPFSA says its investigations into the alleged incident showed that the schoolboy allegedly pulled the schoolgirl into an empty classroom after school the CPFSA launched an investigation into the matter on Wednesday March 12 and spoke with both children involved The agency says the girl was then referred to the Ministry of Justice’s Victim’s Services Division for counselling/psychological support while the 11-year-old child was referred to the Child Guidance Clinic at the University of the West Indies for psychological intervention “We are deeply troubled by this incident as school should be looked at as a safe haven for students and not one where they should be vulnerable to being sexually abused especially not by their fellow students,” said CPFSA CEO Laurette Adams-Thomas “As soon as this incident was brought to our attention at the Centre for Investigation of Sexual Offences and Child Abuse on Wednesday we launched our own investigation into the matter to see how best we could intervene in the best interest of both children involved The young victim has been referred to the Ministry of Justice’s Victims Services Division for counselling which has already begun,” she continued “The older child was also referred to the Child Guidance Clinic for psychological intervention,” she said while noting that the 11-year-old boy had not yet reached the age of criminal responsibility no person under age 12 can be held responsible for a crime “The CPFSA is continuing its investigations into this incident and we will be doing home visits as well as community assessments for both children We will also be doing a visit to the school to obtain further information to aid in our investigation,” the CPFSA CEO concluded View the discussion thread. The Rodalies R3 line was partially suspended on Tuesday morning after a fire broke out on the overhead line, damaging part of a train between the northern stations of Ripoll and Manlleu. The train, which was heading to Vic, had around 60 passengers onboard. All were evacuated, and two individuals required medical attention, being transferred to a primary health center in the municipality of Torelló. The fire began at 8:45 a.m. when the train's pantograph became entangled with the overhead line. "People started screaming, 'Get off the train,' and we smelled something burning, so we quickly got off," Núria, one of the passengers, told the Catalan News Agency (ACN). "We heard a loud noise, and then the overhead line came down," Núria added. After evacuating the train, passengers walked along the tracks. Those traveling to Barcelona were provided with an alternative bus route, while some opted to return to Puigcerdà or Ripoll by taxi. "I don't need to go to Barcelona anymore. I was supposed to be there at 10:30 a.m., so I prefer to return to Puigcerdà," Núria said. Five firefighter brigades were dispatched to the scene, and the fire has since been extinguished. View the discussion thread. Send An Email Get the latest news & updates from the JIS sent to your inbox It was a sombre night at Jessie Ripoll Primary School last Friday as loved ones paid tribute to O’Neil and Camesha Stevens who lost their lives tragically while returning home from a holiday vacation overseas earlier this month cried and hugged each other as they spoke fondly about the two the couple’s passing was as tragic as it was sad leaving a hole in their hearts and the professional posts they held spoke of how the family has been struggling to cope with the pain while trying to care for themselves and the couple’s two daughters considering the loss and the tragedy of the loss It has really not been easy on any of us,” said Brown who was hardworking and dedicated to her duties These were all sentiments expressed by representatives from Scotiabank but she just lost her daughter and son-in-law in a very tragic way so it has not been very good,” continued Brown noting that the reality of the situation may not have fully sunken in for the couple’s children but I think all of that is because she has not fully come to terms that her parents are gone forever,” said Brown broke down repeatedly as the tributes were paid to the late Jessie Ripoll Primary principal and his wife she was consoled by acting principal Marsha Moodie-Benbow was also a picture of despondence as his older brother and both siblings looked up to him with great respect “I wouldn’t wish this on anybody,” offered Dwayne as he listened to the tributes and dance and even featured a piano performance by young Arianna Chen He was what I’ve been saying I needed more of in our education system and I’m here to mourn with you the loss of precisely what I prayed for – a young teacher and principal who was excellent at what he did and was a great leader,” said Education Minister Senator Dr Dana Morris Dixon Jessie Ripoll’s grade six students demonstrated outstanding performance in their exams achieving proficiency in 98.1 per cent of students in language arts “By these grades we see that Jessie Ripoll is an extraordinary institution and extraordinary results do not happen by accident You need a good principal and Oneil Stevens was a good principal He was the type of father that I prayed to have more of in Jamaica,” she said The Stevenses were killed in a motor vehicle crash on a highway in South Carolina in the United States on January 3 The couple had just completed their Christmas vacation in Myrtle Beach with their two daughters and were heading to the airport to return to Jamaica ahead of the start of the new school term View the discussion thread. THE People’s National Party (PNP) has expressed deep sorrow over the tragic passing of principal of Jessie Ripoll Primary School O’Neil Stevens and his wife decribing their deaths as “a devastating blow to their daughters PNP deputy spokesperson on education and community development Dr Kenneth Russell urged that at this time of immense grief the entire community comes together in supporting the family The couple met their death on Friday in a motor vehicle collision in the United States let us come together to reflect on and build upon the values of excellence and service that Mr and Mrs Stevens so passionately championed,” Dr Rusell said “Principal Stevens was an exemplary leader whose vision and dedication transformed Jessie Ripoll Primary into a beacon of excellence He served the education system with distinction at both the primary and secondary levels “His unwavering commitment to excellence and his focus on the holistic development of students have left a legacy that will endure for generations,” the PNP spokesman said adding that Mrs Stevens was a pillar of strength and kindness dedicated to improving the school and its community Dr Russell assured the Ministry of Education and the school administration that they could count on the full support of the PNP in helping the community heal “The PNP also extends its full support to the teachers and parents as they navigate this tragic situation Our thoughts and prayers are with all who are mourning the loss of these remarkable individuals and may their legacy of excellence continue to inspire and uplift us all Jamaica — The funeral service for the late principal of Jessie Ripoll Primary School O’neil Stevens and his wife Camesha is now underway at the Holy Trinity Cathedral on North Street in Kingston Two hearses bearing the bodies of the deceased couple arrived at the church shortly after 9:00 am on Saturday ahead of the service Camesha were killed in a motor vehicle collision in the United States on January 3 O’neil’s mother is a picture of emotions at her son’s funeral service Accueil>Transitional justice and the social sciences: the uses and limitations of social science methodology in the investigation of atrocities Guest Speaker: Julieta Lemaitre Ripoll, Magistrate Magistrate Lemaitre Ripoll will share her experience leading interdisciplinary teams of criminal analysts using these methods to indict perpetrators. A real life example of the interaction between law and methods. Venue: Room N207 (Sciences Po, McCourt building, 2nd floor, 1 place Saint-Thomas, 75007 Paris) Sciences Po - 1 pl. Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin 27, rue Saint Guillaume - 75337 Paris Cedex 07 Tél: +33 (0)1 45 49 50 50 | +33 (0)1 42 22 31 26 Jamaica— The principal of Jessie Ripoll Primary School O’neil Stevens Camesha Lindsay-Stevens were killed in a motor vehicle collision on Friday Observer Online has learnt This has been confirmed by Vice Principal Marsha Moodie-Benbow in a letter to the Board While details as to where and what time the accident occurred were not mentioned Moodie-Benbow informed that the fatal crash took place on Friday She also said classes will not resume at Jessie Ripoll until Tuesday Dear Members of the Jessie Ripoll Primary School community It is with profound sadness and a heavy heart that I write to inform you of the tragic passing of our beloved Principal They were involved in a fatal accident on January 3 2025 and despite the efforts of emergency personnel Mr Stevens was more than an exemplary leader; he was a beacon of inspiration His vision for excellence in education and his unwavering commitment to the holistic development of our students left an indelible mark on our school community Mrs Stevens was a supportive partner and a cherished presence in our extended school family always contributing with grace and generosity We know this news will deeply affect all of us – students we encourage everyone to lean on one another for support The ministry will be providing support as well as counsellors will be made available at the school to provide guidance and comfort to those in need let us honour their memory by continuing to uphold the values and principles they championed Please keep their daughters and the family and loved ones in your thoughts and prayers during this period of unimaginable grief do not hesitate to reach out to the school’s administration May we all find strength in unity as we navigate this heartbreaking time together There will be no school for students on Monday School is hard enough without the stress of navigating a volatile housing market For many University of Toronto (U of T) Mississauga (UTM) students having to put up with expensive and substandard living conditions is nevertheless a necessary price to pay for higher education In February 2025, the Greater Toronto Area was the second most expensive place to rent an apartment in Canada behind Vancouver, according to a report by Rentals.ca and Urbanation Toronto and Mississauga have the third and fifth most expensive rental markets in the country High costs and a low supply of housing can leave many students vulnerable to exorbitant rates and exploitative landlords off-campus a problem the UTM Students’ Union (UTMSU) is acutely aware of one of UTMSU’s main goals was to advocate for students’ housing rights and increase local dwelling options UTMSU Vice President External Daniel Ripoll sat down for an interview with The Medium to recap the union’s housing initiatives One of the union’s most substantial accomplishments last year was the creation of the Housing Committee an advocacy team of UTM student volunteers Ripoll expressed that the Committee’s main goal is “to educate students on housing and their housing rights.” “You hear the same complaints every time: rent’s too high [the] landlord doesn’t want to pay for repairs,” he said referring to student testimonies from a union housing survey Ripoll wants to ensure that students are well-informed so they can avoid finding themselves in poor living conditions To provide information about housing law, the UTMSU works with Downtown Legal Services which offers free legal assistance to all U of T students Additionally, the union hosted two workshops at the Student Centre earlier in March, titled, “Know Your Rights!” and “Does Your Landlord Suck?”, to help students with their rental challenges and concerns. To deliver these events, the UTMSU partnered with HOUSE Canada a non-profit organization that researches and develops affordable housing for students HOUSE and UTMSU are currently working together to set up a co-op housing project site near UTM and conduct canvassing for issues related to housing in Mississauga Ripoll said the UTMSU plans to use the results from canvassing activities to inform a lobby document which they plan to release later this month to present to Mississauga City Council The document will focus on illegal multi-tenant rooming houses “A lot of landlords will buy a three-bedroom house and partition these rooms to have two people [in each] and they’ll charge full price per partition,” he explained “The City has told us that they are aware of these houses but due to City regulations it’s very hard to root them out.” Ripoll argues that the lobby document is necessary to get the City to act on student housing you need to go out and do the research for them,” he said reflecting on his past lobbying experiences “Having that data already and just bringing it to City Council just makes it way easier for them to act on it.” With his tenure as VP External coming to a close Ripoll encouraged students who want to enact change in their community to “just go and do it.” “You’d be surprised at how much you can get done just by reaching out Not a lot of people will take the time to e-mail a city councillor not a lot of people [will] take the time to volunteer at the UTMSU or at the Housing Committee But if you take that initiative and you reach out He also said that UTMSU is open to partnering with other UTM student groups for its housing initiatives “If any student group is interested in joining the Housing Committee After the 2025 spring elections it will be up to the new UTMSU executives to continue the housing initiatives Ripoll and his team have facilitated over the past year document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id" "aa16135425cac6448c5edf77e21efef7" );document.getElementById("h5c5416d57").setAttribute( "id" and website in this browser for the next time I comment © 2025 The Medium • Site by Bellano Web Studio Jamaica — Dozens of educators crowded into the Peter Claver Library at Jessie Ripoll Primary School on Monday morning as they attempted to come to grips with the sudden death of the school’s principal O’Neil Stevens was killed on Friday in a car crash that also claimed the life of his wife Hugs were exchanged as teachers and auxiliary staff cried openly many fisted tissues as they dabbed at their eyes Several educators travelled from across the Corporate Area to attend the early morning session aimed at providing support for those grieving Attendees also included past students and teachers An air of disbelief permeated the event with some individuals sharing that they could not process the dual loss “Where you see one you see the other,” one individual explained regarding the supportive relationship between Stevens and his wife The couple’s young daughters are safe and in the care of their maternal grandmother The school term begins on Tuesday with students scheduled to return for classes Jamaica— President of the Jamaica Teachers’ Association (JTA) has expressed grief over the death of Jessie Ripoll Primary School Principal colleague [and] a really dynamic principal” The primary school confirmed on Saturday that Stevens and his wife Camesha Lindsay-Stevens were killed in a motor vehicle collision on Friday The accident reportedly took place in the US state of North Carolina READ: Principal of Jessie Ripoll Primary, wife killed in crash in a release on Saturday expressed condolences to Stevens’ family and the school community “We’re really saddened by the news that O’neil and his wife succumbed to injury sustained in a car accident in the United States,” Smith said “And on behalf of the Jamaica Teachers’ Association I extend profound condolences to his immediate family [and] the Jessie Ripoll School community,” he added Smith also urged the primary school’s board of management and the leaders of the school to assist with providing support for the students and teachers who would have been affected by Stevens’ passing days before the reopening of school “I am being advised that school will be closed on Monday And I pray for the new leadership to help to stabilise things because of this profound sense of grief that the school has been plunged into but we continue to monitor the situation,” Smith said adding that the JTA will also provide support for the Jessie Ripoll school community and so we continue to provide whatever support that we can as an association and ask that all those that are in a place that permits them to support the surviving family and friends that they do so And we continue to unite around the Jessie Ripoll school family at this time and around O’neil and his wife’s family also,” Smith said Members of Jessie Ripoll Primary School and the education fraternity gathered at the Cathedral of the Most Holy Trinity in downtown Kingston with family members of late Principal Camesha Lindsay-Stevens to pay tribute during Saturday’s (February 8) Thanksgiving Service said the entire country felt the tragic loss “It is truly with a heavy heart that we gather to pay tribute to the life Their sudden departure is a tremendous loss to their children the Jessie Ripoll Primary School community their community and all the lives they touched,” she said The couple lost their lives in a South Carolina highway crash in the United States in January Stevens’ life and legacy through the memories of several of his colleagues Senator Morris Dixon said he was a devoted supporter of high standards in education and a mentor to many “His zeal for shaping the future of our nation was evident in his work with our students collaborative leadership and a belief in student success are very important criteria for achieving excellent student outcomes He was an advocate for accountability in the education system,” she said A past student of Kingston College and Mico Teachers’ College (now Mico University College) Stevens taught social studies at Donald Quarrie High School for a number of years before becoming Principal at Jessie Ripoll Primary seven years ago was being among the first Principals to develop descriptors for the Grade 6 Six Guiding Principles of the Teacher Profession Appraisal Instrument Stevens was a member of Jamaica’s team contributing to the development of CARICOM Standards for the Teaching Profession and in 2024 he was one of four Principals invited to attend the UNESCO Conference on Gender Equality and Global Citizenship Stevens was also one of 130 educators honoured during the 2024 LASCO Teacher TVET Teacher and Principal of the Year Awards “He was a Principal deeply invested in the well-being of every child knowing them and their families personally He [was] a leader with a clear vision for his school and courage to articulate and implement it He was a man of optimism who encouraged others to see the brighter side first He was a humble and kind soul who was passionate about his students and their success,” she emphasised Morris Dixon said equally remarkable was Camesha Lindsay-Stevens “She is remembered for her professionalism and her teamwork her selfless service and also her support of her husband I truly believe behind every great man is an equally amazing woman,” the Education Minister said As a dedicated member of the Jessie Ripoll Welfare Committee Lindsay-Stevens also helped to advance the wellbeing of students and their families while leading and excelling in her own life “she stood by and worked with her husband at every juncture sharing his vision and pouring her heart into the school community.” they created an environment where students thrived and staff felt empowered to bring out the best in every child Their love for Jessie Ripoll Primary was deeply felt They are a great example of the kind of family that we need more of in Jamaica a supportive and dedicated mother raising beautiful children and instilling the values of dedication service and love of God in their children and family,” she added Morris Dixon extended heartfelt condolences on behalf of the Government of Jamaica to the grieving family “May you find comfort in knowing that their legacy of love leadership and transformation in the education sector will continue to shine through the people they touched Let us honour and celebrate their lives by committing to the values that they both held dear: excellence and the power of education to transform lives,” she said « Back Jamaica— The People’s National Party (PNP) has joined others in expressing deep sadness over the tragic passing of Jessie Ripoll Primary School principal O’Neil Stevens and his wife Camesha Lindsay-Stevens who were killed in a car crash in the United States on Friday READ: Principal of Jessie Ripoll Primary, wife killed in crash The PNP in a media release on Sunday said their untimely deaths are a devastating blow to their daughters Deputy Shadow Minister of Education and Community Development expressed that this time of immense grief calls for the entire community to join together in supporting the family let us come together to reflect on and build upon the values of excellence and service that Mr and Mrs Stevens so passionately championed,” Russell said He added that Stevens was an exemplary leader whose vision and dedication transformed Jessie Ripoll Primary into a beacon of excellence and who served the education system with distinction at both the primary and secondary levels Russell said Stevens’ unwavering commitment to excellence and his focus on the holistic development of students have left a legacy that will endure for generations He also described Lindsay-Stevens as a pillar of strength and kindness who was dedicated to improving the school and its community Dr Russell emphasised that the Ministry of Education and the school administration can count on the full support of the PNP as they help the community heal “The PNP also extends its full support to the teachers and parents as they navigate this tragic situation,” Russell said “Our thoughts and prayers are with all who are mourning the loss of these remarkable individuals and may their legacy continue to inspire and uplift us all,” he added The Ministry of Education and Youth says it has mobilised resources to provide support to students and staff of the Jessie Ripoll Primary School following the passing of the school’s principal visited the school Monday to provide immediate assistance The day began with professional grief counselling sessions followed by a prayer meeting held by pastors and others from the Roman Catholic Church community to honour the school’s Mercy tradition “The loss of Mr Stevens and his wife is a profound tragedy that has deeply affected everyone at Jessie Ripoll and beyond The support from the public indicates that he was an exceptional leader,” said Minister of Education “We will continue to honour Mr Stevens’ legacy as a compassionate and dedicated leader who touched countless lives providing ongoing support and helping everyone to heal together.” Students are set to return to school on Tuesday The ministry says it will focus on supporting students’ emotional needs and providing resources to help them process their grief its trauma and grief counselling teams will remain engaged with Jessie Ripoll Primary School in the coming days and weeks to offer continuous assistance as the school community works through this period of loss and healing Metrics details Lightning superbolts are the most powerful and rare lightning events with intense optical emission Superbolt events occurred in 2010-2018 could be localized by extracting the high energy tail of the lightning stroke signals measured by the very low frequency ground stations of the World-Wide Lightning Location Network we report electromagnetic observations of superbolts from space using Van Allen Probes satellite measurements and with two events measured both from ground and space we compute electric and magnetic power spectral density for very low frequency waves driven by superbolts demonstrating that superbolts transmit 10-1000 times more powerful very low frequency waves into space than typical strokes and revealing that their extreme nature is observed in space We find several properties of superbolts that notably differ from most lightning flashes; a more symmetric first ground-wave peak due to a longer rise time weaker decay of electromagnetic power density in space with distance and a power mostly confined in the very low frequency range Their signal is absent in space during day times and is received with a long-time delay on the Van Allen Probes These results have implications for our understanding of lightning and superbolts for ionosphere-magnetosphere wave transmission All European (gray circles) WWLLN-detected superbolts in 2012–2018 among which we highlight the superbolts measured by Van Allen Probes (RBSP) in (black circles) survey and (pink circles) burst modes WWLLN superbolts seen in coincidence by (blue circles) ECLAIR and (red circles) both ECLAIR and Météorage ground measurements (large pink circles) Synchronized observations from both space and ground with WWLLN The red dashed circle defines a 1500 km radius centered on the black triangle indicating the location of one of the ECLAIR stations used here The x and y axes are longitude and latitude The map itself is made with ©Matlab Mapping Toolbox we show superbolt VLF electromagnetic (EM) power density in space We combine space and ground-based measurements in a unique manner to follow electromagnetic superbolt signals from Earth to space over thousands of kilometers to widely characterize their VLF electric and magnetic wave power density in space and on Earth to compute ground-space transmitted power ratio and to extract statistical electromagnetic properties of lightning superbolts never before reported superbolts exhibit other properties that differ from ordinary lightning deepening the mystery associated with these extreme events this is not as large as some of the superbolts we discuss next a Mean-squared electric field from 2 to 5 MHz of superbolts and measured on the ground by ECLAIR and MTRG as a function of distance from stroke location to ECLAIR and MTRG detecting stations b Mean-squared electric field of superbolts in space in the VLF range as a function of the distance from stroke location to the nearest magnetic footprint (MFP) of the Van Allen Probes from (blue circle) EFW burst mode and (red square) EMFISIS burst mode c Same as middle for the mean-squared magnetic field Regressions give the decay by power laws (color indicates which type of measurements are used) Notable findings are the symmetry of the superbolt’s discharge on the ground (c peak current and electric field ~10 times larger than normal lightning (a ground mean EM field squared about 100 times larger than for normal lightning (e) The mean [median] of the magnetic (electric) field squared is 3598 pT2 (0.40 mV2/m2) [80 pT2 (0.015 mV2/m2)] Notable findings are the absence of the superbolt’s electromagnetic signal in space during day times (a) a long-time delay of the space signal proportional to L-shell (b) ground and space mean EM field squared about 100 times larger than for normal lightning (c the wave electric (magnetic) intensity or squared amplitude or that is the frequency integral of the electric (magnetic) field PSD over the VLF range in space (~2–10 kHz) and (~2 kHz–5 MHz) on the ground Analysis of lightning data from the DMSP satellite Ripoll, J.-F., Zinn, J., Jeffery, C. A. & Colestock, P. L. On the dynamics of hot air plasmas related to lightning discharges: 1. Gas dynamics. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 119, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020067 (2014a) On the dynamics of hot air plasmas related to lightning discharges: 2 Lightning: Physics and Effects (Cambridge Univ Lightning energetics: Estimates of energy dissipation in channels Far-field power of lightning strokes as measured by the World Wide Lightning Location Network VLF lightning location by time of group arrival (TOGA) at multiple sites WWLL global lightning detection system: regional validation study in Brazil Growing Detection Efficiency of the World Wide Lightning Location Network Coupling of Thunderstorms and Lightning Discharges to Near-Earth (eds Crosby Lightning-generated whistler waves observed by probes on the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System satellite at low latitudes Whistlers and Related Ionospheric Phenomena (Stanford University Press Lightning and TLE electric fields and their impact on the ionosphere Subionospheric propagation and peak currents of preliminary breakdown pulses before negative cloud-to-ground lightning discharges Performance of the EUCLID network in cloud lightning detection in the South-East France The electric and magnetic field instrument suite and integrated science (EMFISIS) on van allen probes The electric field and waves instruments on the radiation belt storm probes mission Science objectives and rationale for the radiation belt storm probes mission in Magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling in the solar system (eds Chappell Analysis of electric and magnetic lightning-generated wave amplitudes measured by the Van Allen Probes Attenuation of lightning-produced sferics in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide and low-latitude ionosphere Ripoll, J.-F., Farges, T., Lay, E. H., & Cunningham, G. S. (2019). Local and statistical maps of lightning-generated wave power density estimated at the Van Allen Probes footprints from the World-Wide Lightning Location Network database. Geophys. Res. Lett. 46, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL081146 Bortnik, J. Precipitation of Radiation Belt Electrons by Lightning-generated Magnetospherically Reflecting Whistlers. Ph.D. thesis, Stanford University (2004). https://vlf.stanford.edu/pubs/theses Particle dynamics in the Earth’s radiation belts: review of current research and open questions Farges, T. ECLAIR Superbolt Waveforms, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3952425 (2021) Study of oblique whistlers in the low-latitude ionosphere jointly with the C/NOFS satellite and the World-Wide Lightning Location Network Jacobson, A. R., Holzworth, R. H., Pfaff, R. & Heelis, R. Coordinated satellite observations of the very low frequency transmission through the ionospheric D layer at low latitudes, using broadband radio emissions from lightning. J. Geophys. Res. 123. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024942 (2018) VLF transmitters and lightning-generated whistlers: 1 Sonwalkar, V. S. In Geospace Electromagnetic Waves and Radiation (eds LaBelle, J. W. & Treumann, R. A.) Ch. 6, p. 141 (Springer, 2006) https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-33203-0_6 Ground-based transmitter signals observed from space: ducted or nonducted Global model of plasmaspheric hiss from multiple satellite observations The distribution of plasmaspheric hiss wave power with respect to plasmapause location Plasmaspheric hiss properties: observations from Polar Statistical properties of plasmaspheric hiss from Van Allen Probes observations quasi-coherent plasmaspheric hiss: a new mechanism for the slot region Malaspina, D. M., Ripoll, J.-F., Chu, X., Hospodarsky, G. & Wygant, J. Variation in plasmaspheric hiss wave power with plasma density. Geophys. Res. Lett. 45, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078564 (2018) Shi, R. et al. Properties of whistler mode waves in Earth’s plasmasphere and plumes. J. Geophys. Res. 124, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA026041 (2019) Discovery of very large amplitude whistler- mode waves in Earth’s radiation belts and ground observations of an intense EMIC wave event extending over 12 h in magnetic local time Electron scattering and loss in Earth’s inner magnetosphere Understanding the dynamic evolution of the relativistic electron slot region including radial and pitch angle diffusion On long decays of electrons in the vicinity of the slot region observed by HEO3 Effects of whistler mode hiss waves in March 2013 Observations and Fokker-Planck simulations of the L-shell and pitch angle structure of Earth’s electron radiation belts during quiet times Zhao, H. et al. Plasmaspheric hiss waves generate a reversed energy spectrum of radiation belt electrons. Nat. Phys. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-018-0391-6 (2019) Nonlinear interaction of radiation belt electrons with electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves Effects of amplitude modulation on nonlinear interactions between elec- trons and chorus waves A computational and theoretical investigation of nonlinear wave-particle interactions in oblique whistlers Nonlinear evolution of radiation belt electron fluxes interacting with oblique whistler mode chorus emissions Test-particle simulations of linear and nonlinear interactions between a 2-D whistler-mode wave packet and radiation belt electrons Pitch angle scattering of sub-MeV relativistic electrons by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves Low frequency (f<200 Hz) polar plasmaspherichiss: coherent and intense Delzanno, G. L. & Roytershteyn, V. High-frequency plasma waves and pitch angle scattering induced by pulsed electron beams. J. Geophys. Res. 124, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027046 (2019) TARANIS—a satellite project dedicated tothe physics of TLEs and TGFs MicroCameras and photometers (MCP) on board the TARANIS satellite XVI International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity Download references The authors thank the World Wide Lightning Location Network a collaboration among over 50 universities and institutions for providing the lightning location and energy data used in this paper was performed under the auspices of an agreement between CEA/DAM (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique Direction des Applications Militaires) and NNSA/DP (National Nuclear Security Administration Defense Program) on cooperation on fundamental science The authors acknowledge the International Space Sciences Institute (ISSI) The work of GSC was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Thanks also to DTRA for supporting a collaborative visit by JFR at Los Alamos National Laboratory in 2018 The work of DM was supported by the National Science Foundation under award 1841011 The authors thank the entire Van Allen Probes team and especially the EFW and EMFISIS teams for their support Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics set up the CEA ground measurements (ECLAIR) treated the EFW and EMFISIS burst and survey data contributed to the quality check of EMFISIS data and burst PSD computation contributed to the quality check of EFW data contributed to writing of the manuscript through reviews and edits The authors declare no competing interests Peer review information Nature Communications thanks Robert Holzworth and the other reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23740-6 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science Youth and Information is reporting that special accommodations were provided for 508 students who sat the Grade Six Primary Exit Profile (PEP) Ability Test last Thursday (February 20) Special accommodations refer to support that is needed for students who have been deemed to have special needs and or learning challenges as outlined in a psycho-educational evaluation report The Ministry told JIS News that the special accommodations provided include extra time preferential seating in the examination centre allowance of breaks during the examination interpreters or linguistic aides for students whose first language is not English and printing of the examination in large print or braille Six applications were received for linguistic aides for students whose first language is Spanish and Mandarin The Ministry advised that an additional 12 students sat the test from their hospital beds seven were admitted at Bustamante Hospital for Children in Kingston “The Grade 6 PEP Ability Test was administered in keeping with the established standards except for the following minor issues which were resolved at the regional level and or in collaboration with the Exam Branch – absence and late arrival of students delayed start to the administration of exam students not registered for the examination but turned up to sit and illness,” the Ministry said Students who fell ill during the examination and could complete the paper The Ministry also told JIS News that there were a few reports of students being admitted to the hospital on the day of the examination or who had a medical condition which worsened and they were not able to do the examination The Exam Branch is awaiting reports from the schools along with medical certificates There was one case of trauma external to the school where a student lost his father tragically the night before the examination and the Exam Branch is awaiting a report from the school A total of 33,403 students were registered to sit the exam – 17,029 males and 16,374 females which consists of two components – Language Arts and Mathematics – is to be administered on Wednesday Students will then sit Language Arts and Science on Wednesday April 30 and Mathematics and Social Studies on Thursday Get the latest news & updates from the JIS sent to your inbox.