Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker CIUDAD OBREGON (Cibacopa) - Trigueros have advanced to the Cibacopa season finals in Mexico and will fight for the title against Agua Prieta-based Vaqueros. In the South Zone finals, the team from Ciudad Obregon claimed an 87-79 triumph on Wednesday night to clinch the tie against Culiacan-based Caballeros 4-3.\r\n The 32-year-old holds the record for the most appearances for Villarreal in LaLiga having played 477 such matches for the club He scored 38 goals and registered 39 assists in his 12-year tenure with their first team having previously represented Villarreal C and Villarreal B Trigueros won the Europa League with the Yellow Submarine in 2021 and also helped his side reach the semi-finals of the Champions League in 2022 "We thank Trigueros for his commitment dedication and professionalism in a long and successful career," Villarreal said in a statement "We wish him the best of luck in his new professional stage Villarreal have confirmed the departure of their all-time leading appearance-maker in LaLiga midfielder Manu Trigueros.Midfielder Manu Trigueros has left Villarreal to join Spanish second-tier side Granada on a two-year contract an industrial engineer is lucky to be home for the holidays instead of behind bars was accused of pulling his licensed 9 mm pistol on a bus conductor at the Michael Finnegan Market in broad daylight Trigueros saw the charge of aggravated assault with a firearm dropped took the stand and requested no further court action against Trigueros Morrio explained that they had reached an agreement to settle the matter out of court with Trigueros compensating him for the damage to the bus The prosecutor confirmed that Morrio was acting of his own free will and not under pressure when Morrio reported that Trigueros had pointed a gun at him and threatened to shoot him Morrio had initially reported the incident to the police Trigueros can spend Christmas with his loved ones Ⓒ document.write(new Date().getFullYear()) Great Belize Productions Ltd. | Website Development by Idealab Studios Digital Marketing Volume 7 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.866912 The aim of this paper is to identify the most suitable activities and exercises for the development of historical knowledge and skills and their subsequent evaluation a quantitative study has been carried out among primary and secondary school teachers in several Spanish regions in which their perception of what types of exercises and activities (of those proposed in their History or Social Science classes) are most suitable for assessing the historical knowledge and skills that students are expected to acquire has been extracted The results show that exercises involving the interpretation of texts and images which require students to think about and apply the historical knowledge acquired are very useful as are questions which seek historical explanation and causal reasoning; however etc.) or short questions about historical events or characters are not considered to be very suitable for the adequate development of historical knowledge and it is recommended that this line of research be continued so that other authors can replicate these findings deepening their knowledge of these instruments whose didactic commitment could serve as an argument in the face of the excessive time pressure faced by today’s teachers The didactics of the social sciences -understood as an area of knowledge- takes on special relevance in the current competency-based teaching model in which it is made clear that learning lasts and helps the development of knowledge thanks to the putting into practice of different capacities strategies or resources leading to the development of reflective and critical thinking capable of training autonomous people who are committed to society competences appear -for the first time- in national legislation through Organic Law 2/2006 (2006) they continued to be present in Organic Law 8/2013 (2013) for the Improvement of Educational Quality (OLIEQ) and in the current Organic Law 3/2020 (2020) as well as the content of Royal Decree 1105/2014 (2015) establishing the basic curriculum for compulsory secondary education and baccalaureate which aims to favour learning by competences by including them among the different curricular elements in a progressive sequence and in accordance with European interests which describes the relationships between competences contents and assessment criteria for primary education compulsory secondary education and baccalaureate; competences are defined as “what all people need for their personal fulfilment and development social inclusion and employment” (p Specifically, this work is developed within the current of Canadian historical thinking based on the studies carried out by Seixas and Morton (Seixas, 2006; Seixas and Morton, 2013) providing an approach that emphasises deep thinking and procedural and analytical concepts when posing historical questions the formation of historical thinking in students is a complex task The didactics of history has to offer proposals that would not be expected from historiography since it is something that - it could be said - does not fall within its remit the didactics of history must ask itself what has to be taught in order to form historical thinking it is also fundamental to ask oneself how to know if students have really acquired the competences of historical thinking and to analyse through which exercises or activities historical thinking can be assessed which exercises or activities are the most appropriate for assessing certain specific competences related to historical thinking These are undoubtedly questions that we will try to answer in this article There are various research studies that have focused on the assessment of historical thinking; among them, we should highlight the study carried out by Gómez and Miralles (2015) in which they analysed 3,127 questions asked in exams in the Region of Murcia in the third cycle of primary education and in compulsory secondary education with the supremacy of the exam as the main assessment instrument being evident These authors carried out an analysis of the content and cognitive skills required in the exams showing that most of the questions required memorised knowledge of a conceptual-factual nature demonstrating a great lack of questions involving procedural concepts more linked to the formation of historical thinking given that this requires more varied instruments to be able to assess the different capacities of pupils in the interpretation of the past and the development of historical competences On the other hand, Domínguez (2016) highlights the importance of the correct assessment of history in order to improve the teaching of history dividing this assessment into three main competences: explaining historically using historical evidence and understanding the logic of historical knowledge he establishes a series of cognitive skills to work on each competence of historical thinking which he then sets out in tables specifying the skill the concept and the competence to be assessed Likewise, González et al. (2011) evaluated the process of the formation of students’ historical thinking through the design and implementation of didactic materials relying mainly on the understanding of the past and causal explanation in which students had to construct a historical narrative through evidence hence the interest in carrying out our study and now presenting the interesting results obtained The main aim of this research is to find out - through a comparative study - the importance given by teachers to different types of assessment activities for the acquisition of historical knowledge and skills The following specific objectives emanate from this main objective: Specific Objective 1: To find out the importance attached by teachers to different types of assessment activities for the acquisition of historical knowledge and skills Specific Objective 2: To analyse the time commitment involved for students in responding to the types of activities and tasks set (depending on the type of response) a distinction was also made between those teachers who - on at least one occasion during their entire career - participated in educational innovation projects (67%) and those who had never done so (33%) Distribution of participants according to academic background Distribution of participants according to center ownership slightly more than 5% have completed a master’s degree (or have a Diploma of Advanced Studies -DEA-) The instrument used for this research was a Likert-type scale with five response options asking the teaching staff to indicate the one that best represented their opinion and teaching experience (with the following key: 1 = very irrelevant; 2 = not very relevant; 3 = neither relevant nor slightly relevant; 4 = somewhat relevant the questionnaire is made up of a total of nine questions teachers were asked about the exercises and activities which - according to their training and teaching experience - they considered most suitable for assessing the historical knowledge and skills acquired by students the first item refers to exercises requiring the interpretation of texts and images which involve thinking about and applying the historical knowledge acquired the second item deals with short questions referring to historical events or characters The third and fourth items question teachers as to whether essays and developmental questions on historical processes; and fieldwork (gathering information carrying out exercises) in the form of a visit to a museum or other place of historical interest were considered the most appropriate exercises for the assessment of students’ historical thinking simulation or historical perspective exercises while the sixth item focuses on local and family history research The seventh item refers to questions seeking historical explanation and causal reasoning; and finally the eighth and ninth items of the instrument deal with objective tests (multiple-choice tests it is important to point out that the instrument was applied in two ways: via the Internet and on paper (chosen by the participants) with an estimated completion time of 15 min for the analysis of the objectives set for this study the tasks have been grouped according to the students’ time dedication for their resolution and the commitment to the cognitive skills required which leads to a greater or lesser didactic commitment on the part of the students we have taken into account the time required by students to respond to each of the types of tasks that teachers may ask them understanding this time in two ways (in terms of temporal organisation and spatial organisation) and grouping the questions into three areas: a) Longer time and extensive response: items 1 b) Medium time and short response: items 2 and 9 c) Use of little time and space for response (choosing one of the given options In order to follow a logic that ensures the coherence of this research the results are presented as a direct response to the specific objectives set out: In order to respond to this first specific objective (SO1), teachers individually answered the questionnaire described above, specifically the construct related to those exercises and activities most suitable for assessing the historical knowledge and skills acquired by students. Table 1 shows the distribution of the sample’s responses as well as the indices of central tendency Importance given by the teacher to different types of assessment activities Importance given by the teacher to different types of assessment activities according to time and length of response which refers to the use of objective tests (test type 24.2% of the sample consider this activity to be of little or very little relevance if the aim is to assess historical knowledge or analyse the historical competences acquired with 26.3% in a medium position (neither relevant nor not very relevant) Figure 3 shows in graphical terms the mean and standard deviation of the answers given in order to be able to visualise better and more clearly the answers described by the teachers surveyed Indices of central tendency of teachers’ responses according to gender and tenure status of school As can be seen in the graph (Figure 4) and no significant differences are found between the sexes or according to the ownership of the centres investigated The highest values for men (M = 4.5; Sd = 0.63) and women (4.42; Sd = 0.75) are found in item 1 referring to exercises in interpreting texts and images among which the contribution of public school teachers (M = 4.49; Sd = 0.66) stands out compared to those of private or subsidised schools (M = 4.34; Sd = 0.83) The rest of the items scored over three points thus confirming the high value of the teaching staff In order to analyse the time required by students to respond to the types of activities and tasks posed (SO2) the items have been classified according to the time commitment involved in each of the activities presented in the items categorising the questions into three areas of didactic commitment: High didactic commitment: long time and extensive response 2 Medium didactic commitment: Medium time and response Low didactic commitment: Short time and short response and item 7) show a high didactic commitment in terms of response time as they represent complex activities which usually take a long time to complete it is high in item 1 (exercises involving the interpretation of texts and images which require thinking and applying the historical knowledge acquired) and in item 4 (fieldwork during a visit to a museum or other place of historical interest) but not in item 7 (questions seeking historical explanation and causal reasoning) For items 68 and 71 (which refer to essays and developmental questions on historical processes as well as local or family history research the level of didactic engagement is high in terms of time and also in terms of length this is not the case for items 67 (short questions on historical events and personalities) and 74 (definition of concepts) where the response time implies a medium didactic engagement and the length of both activities is short To this must be added the values of indecision found on the evaluative function of these activities since 25.20% (item 2) and 26.30% (item 9) considered them to be neither relevant nor not very relevant thus showing the coherence between the answers provided by the teachers and the commitment to the task both in terms of response time and in relation to the length of the response This is confirmed by the fact that it is the lowest rated item (24.16% disapproval of the statement) that objective tests involving multiple-choice questions do not involve a great didactic commitment and can hardly develop knowledge in full or contribute to training in historical competences as do the rest of the activities described particularly the exercises involving the interpretation of texts and images of thought Having analysed and described the objectives set out in this study it is necessary to discuss and conclude the most interesting findings as well as to try to justify the contributions of the teachers surveyed And it is only in this way (by promoting meaningful teaching for students) that a transfer of knowledge based on learning by competences would be favoured finding out the importance given by teachers to the different types of assessment activities has allowed us to find that exercises involving the interpretation of texts and images that require thinking and applying the historical knowledge acquired are highly valued by the teachers surveyed It is clear that they are part of activities whose complexity is beyond doubt since they involve a greater cognitive load after analysing the didactic commitment of these exercises we found the relationship between this task and the length of time and extension involved in their appropriate development a reason which could serve to justify the fact that teachers value them as relevant or very relevant making it clear that the traditional assessment tests given to pupils (generally adjusted to the knowledge which the teacher imparts in class and which is contained in a textbook) are not representative of that know-how which - as far as competences are concerned - they are intended to transmit and consolidate the assessment systems selected by teachers should make it possible to measure the knowledge that students have managed to be able to transfer concentrating on what they are able to achieve procedurally through their learning these assessments should also be carried out longitudinally; that is to say they should be carried out in different contexts and at different times in order to know faithfully (and give continuity) to what the student has been able to learn that the articulation of competences and the response to conflicts allow historical knowledge to be shaped and for this reason they are defined as generative to the extent that events are connected by articulating causes and consequences the chronological gap between two historical stages disappears significantly (if not completely) The main point of this study that should be highlighted is that the importance given by the teacher to the activities included in the items decreases as the degree of didactic commitment decreases since the shorter the time it takes to complete the exercise or activity and the shorter the length of the exercise or activity The shorter the time taken to complete the exercise or activity and the shorter the length of the written response the lower the percentage values obtained by the group of teachers surveyed until the lowest value was obtained in relation to the objective tests which in parallel are the ones that involve less response time and less length in terms of content when answering It is clear that this reality affects the way of assessing the degree of importance given by teachers to all the activities is sufficiently positive to affirm that with the exception of the objective tests (where the results show greater variability) all the other activities can contribute to the assessment of historical knowledge and the assimilation of historical competences Because in the end (…) the following question gravitates in our mind: if in the end for the Administration everything must be reduced to a numerical expression why entertain -and bother- the teaching staff with all that tangle of sterile conceptualisations inconsistent rubrics and procedures as exhausting as they are empty if in the end what -unhappily- everyone is waiting for (Administration parents and -even- children) is a ridiculous numerical grade If this is the case (and we are very much afraid that it is) then for such a journey there was no need for so many saddlebags teachers deserve greater respect (for their time) and sublime consideration (for their dedication and because in their hands rests our greatest treasure: our children) (p from which more complex analyses should be considered or the allusion to a qualitative approach that would enhance the value of the results found enlarging the research sample should be a major objective in order to contrast and discuss the results of this study with a greater degree of specificity it would be very interesting to continue this line of research so that other authors can try to replicate this approach with the aim of finding out whether the use of these instruments (which involve a low didactic commitment) is really used in the face of the excessive time pressure to which teachers are subjected (due to a lack of time to develop a delirious amount of content) or if in addition -or on the contrary- there are other variables that could be installed at the frontier of the justification of this use and that would open the door to a rigorous approach to certain aspects related to the use and design of these instruments; among them these elements are of great value in trying to delimit the most beneficial path for teachers who dedicate their professional lives to the development of this branch of knowledge and who - apparently - seem to need specialised training in general assessment (from the point of view of didactics) and in specific assessment (on the use of effective instruments in this area) This is the subject of our forthcoming work which we hope will again be of interest to teachers The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee University of Murcia The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study JÁ-M-I and JM-S: conceptualization and formal analysis FT-C and AL-G: funding acquisition and methodology and JM-S: writing—review and editing All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript This work was supported by the project “The Geographical and Historical Thinking of Primary School Pupils in the Region of Murcia: An Innovative Methodological Proposal for Quality Education” (organization: Seneca Foundation; 20874/PI/18) and “Methodological Concepts and Active Learning Methods to Improve Teachers’ Teaching Skills” (PGC2018-094491-BC33) subsidized by the Ministry of Science Innovation and Universities and co-financed with EU ERDF funds The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher Thanks to Professor Pedro Miralles Martínez las fábulas de María: una niña a la que no le gustaba la escuela Google Scholar Key competencies and the transfer of social knowledge: perceptions of secondary school pupils CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar The development of historical competencies in secondary education: a study based on the analysis of sources in Spanish and Italian history textbooks Assessment by Competences in social sciences: secondary students perception based on the EPECOCISO scale Teaching and assessing historical thinking Challenges for history in the 21st century Google Scholar Thinking historically or memorising the past The assessment of historical content in compulsory education in Spain Google Scholar “Historical competences in assessment processes: textbooks and exams,” in History Teaching and Educational Competences “>Cómo evaluar el pensamiento histórico del alumnado?,” in La Evaluación en el Proceso de Enseñanza y Aprendizaje de las Ciencias Sociales Santisteban (Murcia: Asociación Universitaria de Profesores de Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales) Desarrollo del pensamiento histórico en las aulas a través de un programa formativo para enseñanza secundaria Google Scholar Measurement and Evaluation in Physical Education and Exercise Science Google Scholar Google Scholar Lévesque “What it Means to Think Historically,” in New Possibilities for the Past: Shaping History Education in Canada Google Scholar Martínez Alfabetización visual y desarrollo del pensamiento histórico: actividades con imágenes en manuales escolares Google Scholar Google Scholar Order ECD/65/2015 which describes the relationships between the competences contents and assessment criteria of primary education compulsory secondary education and baccalaureate Google Scholar Organic Law 2/2006 Google Scholar Organic Law 3/2020 Google Scholar Organic Law 8/2013 for the improvement of the quality of education Google Scholar Royal Decree 1105/2014 establishing the basic curriculum of compulsory secondary education and the baccalaureate Google Scholar Fuentes históricas y libros de texto en Secundaria: una oportunidad perdida para enseñar competencias de pensamiento histórico Google Scholar CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Teacher Notes: Benchmarks of Historical Thinking A Framework for Assessment in Canada Google Scholar Google Scholar Google Scholar The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union (2006) Recommendation of the european parliament and of the council of 18 december 2006 on key competences for lifelong learning Google Scholar Assessing Historical Thinking and Understanding Google Scholar López-García A and Álvarez-Martínez-Iglesias JM (2022) Primary and Secondary School Teachers’ Perception of the Assessment of Historical Knowledge and Skills Based on Classroom Activities and Exercises Copyright © 2022 Trigueros-Cano, Molina-Saorín, López-García and Álvarez-Martínez-Iglesias. 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Tap to enable a layout that focuses on the article Print Three family members charged in the killing of a 3-year-old girl during an “exorcism” ritual at a San Jose church in 2021 have been ordered to stand trial in the case Santa Clara County Judge Hanley Chew ruled on May 13 that there is enough evidence against the deceased girl’s mother The trio pleaded not guilty Monday to one felony count of child abuse resulting in the death of toddler Arely Naomi Proctor, according to court records obtained by The Mercury News Their next trial setting hearing is scheduled for Aug they each face 25 years to life in prison a Pentecostal church run by Trigueros Hernandez The family members were trying to perform a ritual to exorcise a “demon,” during which prosecutors say they squeezed and choked the young girl and tried to get her to vomit A coroner’s report determined that Arely died from asphyxiation and had blood in her lungs, brain swelling and injuries on her neck and inside her mouth, according to KRON4. “During this assault, Arely Doe fought for her life as three trusted adults forcibly grabbed her by her neck, torso, back, and legs, smothered her by repeatedly attempting to pry open her mouth to make her vomit, and held her with so much force that she had internal bleeding and injuries,” Deputy Dist. Atty. Rebekah Wise wrote in a previous filing. During a previous preliminary hearing, police detectives testified about interviews they had with the family members after the girl’s death. Claudia Hernandez-Santos told police that she believed her daughter was “possessed.” “Arely looked different. Her eyes were different. They looked empty and it ‘wasn’t her,’” she said, according to court records. California Subscribe for unlimited accessSite Map Villarreal CF and Granada CF have reached an agreement for Manu Trigueros the club will recognise the legendary midfielder with a tile in the Passeig Groc located in the outside wall of the Tribuna Stand at the Estadio de la Cerámica The midfielder from Talavera de la Reina brings his successful time at Villarreal CF after 14 seasons with the Yellow Submarine He has played a total of 477 matches for the Yellows making him the footballer with most matches in Villarreal CF history Manu Trigueros was a key part of all of the Submarine’s recent successes He was part of the squad that returned Villarreal to the top flight in 2013 and reached the UEFA Champions League semi-finals in 2022 There is no doubt that he is one of the most legendary footballers to defend the Villarreal CF shirt some of which are among the most important in the history of the club including one in the semi-finals of the UEFA Europa League against Arsenal FC (2021) He also has the honour of being the footballer to have played the most matches in the top flight with Villarreal CF Villarreal CF would like to thank him for his hard work dedication and professionalism during his long and successful career with the club and would like to wish him the best of luck in the next stage of his professional career Nosotros y nuestros socios almacenamos o accedemos a información en un dispositivo tales como identificadores únicos e información estándar enviada por un dispositivo medición de anuncios y del contenido e información sobre el público así como para desarrollar y mejorar productos nosotros y nuestros socios podemos utilizar datos de localización geográfica precisa e identificación mediante las características de dispositivos Puede hacer clic para otorgarnos su consentimiento a nosotros y a nuestros socios para que llevemos a cabo el procesamiento previamente descrito puede acceder a información más detallada y cambiar sus preferencias antes de otorgar o negar su consentimiento Tenga en cuenta que algún procesamiento de sus datos personales puede no requerir de su consentimiento pero usted tiene el derecho de rechazar tal procesamiento Sus preferencias se aplicarán solo a este sitio web Puede cambiar sus preferencias en cualquier momento entrando de nuevo en este sitio web o visitando nuestra política de privacidad A special pack including Inmersión Villarreal (museum & tour) and a set menu at Corner Sports Bar del Poble Villarreal CF’s interactive Museum & Tour experience You can visit the Submarine’s immersive museum and complete a guided tour of the Estadio de la Cerámica €12 – season-ticket holders and ‘Soc Groguet’ fan-card holders €8 – season-ticket holders and ‘Soc Groguet’ fan-card holders aged six to 12 Young children can celebrate their birthday at the Estadio de la Cerámica crèche Celebrate your birthday at the Estadio de la Cerámica enjoying Inmersión Villarreal and Corner Sports Bar Participants will be able to visit an exclusive area where Villarreal CF players leave the stadium on matchday and ask them for autographs and photographs An experience matchday experience that includes: €175 per person (match ticket not included) Please wait while you are redirected to the right page.. This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings we will not be able to save your preferences This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again This website uses Google Analytics to collect anonymous information such as the number of visitors to the site Keeping this cookie enabled helps us to improve our website Please enable Strictly Necessary Cookies first so that we can save your preferences More information about our Cookie Policy Midfielder who scored against Arsenal last week is also a qualified teacher after fearing he would not enjoy such football success worse every time he watches it – is a midfielder with class: a footballer and a qualified teacher too Read moreOn Thursday night Mr Manu will play probably the most important of his 399 games for Villarreal across the first and second teams He has made more appearances than anyone except Bruno Soriano and Mario Gaspar They say sons want to be like their dads; Trigueros is just like his Manolo Trigueros played in the second division with Granada and was at Atlético Madrileño He is also a teacher in Talavera de la Reina in the province of Toledo where Trigueros was brought up they cracked the whip a lot and made sure that I kept studying,” he says Manu Trigueros in the classroom ‘Educating children is fulfilling and they surprise you every day,’ he says Photograph: Courtesy of Manu TriguerosTrigueros says he admires players such as Andrés Iniesta and Real Madrid’s Luka Modric and that he counted Zinedine Zidane and Ronaldinho among his early idols His kind of footballer is the kind “who make others better not just go from side to side; those who combine he was likened to Iniesta when he was signed by Barcelona at 15 Things though didn’t go as he hoped at La Masia – he had never left Talavera before and didn’t find his place in Barcelona – and Trigueros was loaned to the B team at second division Real Murcia for a year before joining Villarreal at 18 10km away; now he has a small child with his wife looks like completing his entire career at Villarreal vital again since Unai Emery shifted to a 4-3-3 “At Murcia the demands weren’t the same as at La Masia senior] second division and Villarreal C were in tercera; a lot of our first-teamers in recent years have come from there they put everything in place to help youth-team players succeed The [model is] players who treat the ball well; they’re not looking for footballers who just hit it long You could see the training pitch from your window Manu Trigueros leaps for joy after scoring for Villarreal against Arsenal last Thursday Photograph: Alex Caparros/Uefa/Getty ImagesGeared to Trigueros studied – first finance and accountancy That continued even when the doubts had been dismissed I thought in my head: ‘If I don’t make a living off this what am I going to do when I’m 35?’ So I covered my back a bit with this you never completely rid yourself of that fear that says: ‘If I don’t make it I have my qualifications in the background English and mental development his final modules “I enjoy it; educating children is fulfilling and they surprise you every day you have a lot of afternoons and you get bored Even if it’s not [a full-time job] I’d like to do two or three hours a morning 25 footballers or 25 kids aged six or seven “As you get older it’s true your interest in coaching grows,” Trigueros says “A group of professionals is more complicated Villarreal is a family club from a small town of 50,000 people that works hard to avoid introducing people into the dressing room that damage the group Imagine being a manager trying to keep that many people happy Like dads say to kids: ‘When you’re a parent you’ll see.’ I think a dressing room is probably harder than a classroom.” This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page info@oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk Tel: +44 (0)1865 287430 She’s been the Queen of Midday in Los Angeles for three decades winning a slew of awards and ratings battles with 94.7 The Wave Trigueros has also been off-stage announcer for numerous high-profile events such as the SAG Awards and the Los Angeles Theater Center Annual Gala Her collection of awards includes the GENII Award for Excellence in Radio Broadcasting from the Alliance for Women In Media and special recognition from the Los Angeles County and City Board of Supervisors Trigueros’ first big break came with an opportunity to work on-air at KRE in Berkeley playing jazz and Latin Jazz When the format evolved into what became known as Quiet Storm and the call letters were changed to KBLX When KUTE in Los Angeles adopted the Quiet Storm format and website in this browser for the next time I comment Δdocument.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value" Δdocument.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value" Metrics details Colonization of terrestrial environments by filamentous fungi relies on their ability to form networks that can forage for and connect resource patches ecologists rarely consider network features as functional traits because their measurement and interpretation are conceptually and methodologically difficult we have developed a pipeline to translate images of fungal mycelia to weighted network graphs that capture ecologically relevant fungal behaviour We focus on four properties that we hypothesize determine how fungi forage for resources specifically: connectivity; relative construction cost; transport efficiency; and robustness against attack by fungivores Constrained ordination and Pareto front analysis of these traits revealed that foraging strategies can be distinguished predominantly along a gradient of connectivity for micro- and macro-scale mycelial networks that is reminiscent of the qualitative ‘phalanx’ and ‘guerilla’ descriptors previously proposed in the literature At one extreme are species with many inter-connections that increase the paths for multidirectional transport and robustness to damage but with a high construction cost; at the other extreme are species with an opposite phenotype we propose this approach represents a significant advance in quantifying ecological strategies for fungi using network information This baseline model has minimal connectivity that allows at least unidirectional transport from the centre of the network to the growing tips at the foraging margin where usually most of the resources are required (see below) Species with networks that are similar to the baseline model are predicted to follow a strategy that maximizes efficient transport of resources to the foraging margin mycelia that deviate from the baseline model have greater connectivity with more investment in redundant network edges with lower unidirectional transport capacity but greater potential for multi-directional movement This increased connectivity may give fungi an advantage in terms of allowing rapid resource reallocation that increases foraging ability Fungi with a “phalanx” strategy are expected to have a broad explorative margin that searches for regularly dispersed resources; while fungi with a “guerrilla” strategy have dispersed and increasingly independent search fronts we believe this work will serve as a foundation for fungal ecologists to explore links between fungal-network properties and functions and the network-trait patterns we have uncovered will aid a better understanding of these organisms but produce distinctive mycelial phenotypes (even for species within the same genus) network parameters were extracted from images of fungal mycelium growing on water agar at 20 °C after approximately 10–14 h during which time they reached approximately 10 mm in diameter The mycelium originated from a water agar plug to which 10 µl of 10% potato dextrose broth was added at the time of inoculation Time-series pictures were automatically collected from the growing mycelia with bright-field illumination by tiling overlapping 49 images (distributed along a 7 × 7 grid) using a zoom microscope (Axio Zoom V16 Oberkochen) equipped with a low magnification objective (PlanNeoFluar Z 2.3x 0.57NA) and internal optical zoom to give a pixel size of 0.79 µm Tiled images were stitched together using Zeiss Zen Blue software images were taken of mycelium growing at 18 °C from 20 × 20 × 10 mm beech blocks across compressed soil growing for 8–12 d to reach 160–200 mm diameter (see Supplementary Material for detailed description of the pictures settings) although images were collected from fungi at different length scales both experimental conditions reflect the exploration phase of the mycelium from an inoculum into a nutrient poor environment Three replicates were included for each strain of both micro- and macrofungi to ensure the ordination plots were balanced A An example of the microphotography of part of a mycelium Using a series of image processing algorithms this picture was translated into a network graph (B) where the nodes of the graph correspond to the branching points anastomosis points (depicted in the figure as dark green circles) and hyphal tips (depicted in the figure as light green circles) while the edges of the graph correspond to the hyphal segments connecting the branching anastomosis or tip points (depicted in the figure as the blue lines connecting any two nodes) measured from the real pictures using our image processing algorithms were added to the resulting network as a vector of properties: (1) edge length which corresponds to the hyphal length; (2) tip edge width and (3) main edge width which corresponds to the width of the cross section of the hyphal segments connecting to a tip node or two main nodes respectively; (4) branching angle which corresponds to the angle formed by the edges linked to a node and; (5) edge length density as the sum of all edge lengths divided by mycelial area (depicted in the figure as the enclosed grey area) #9) is a measure of expected efficiency of multidirectional transport between any two points within the mycelium Volume-MST (#10) is a measure of the relative construction cost of the network produced by comparing the observed network to a minimum spanning network (MST) that maximizes transport efficiency with the minimal number of hyphae possible five robustness traits (#11 through #15) measure the number of edges that need to be removed to reduce the percentage of mycelium connected to the inoculum (root) to 50% (i.e. a robust mycelium is one in which a large number of edges can be removed before reducing the connected mycelium to the root to 50%) These five robustness traits refer to different patterns of hyphal removal that mimic attack by distinct types of fungivores Note: The edges in the inoculum connecting to the root are given an arbitrary width (set to the maximum of the measured cords/hyphae) to ensure that the network is fully connected but these values are not included in the edge statistics as they are not measured directly from the network a type-constrained multivariate ordination) to measure the extent to which variation of morphological and network traits is attributed to species identity (after standardizing all variables in units of variance to control for differences in the magnitude and measurement units among traits) We also included phylum identity as a covariate (condition) in the RDA to control for differences due to large phylogenetic distance in our set of fungi the full RDA model was in the form Mycelial traits ~ Species identity + Condition (Phylum) To determine the extent to which the variance explained by constrained ordination deviated from a random distribution we repeated RDA after randomizing the mycelial traits dataset (9999 times in total) and computed F-values and associated p-values (i.e. with the images of the real network on the left and the corresponding graph representation on the right In zygomycetous and ascomycete fungi (black background the mycelium is made up of individual hyphae growing out of water agar plugs (supplemented with potato broth at the time of inoculation) on a thin layer of water agar while for basidiomycetes (brown background bottom row) mycelia are made up of hyphal cords growing from wood blocks on compressed soil The scale bar for zygomycetous and ascomycete fungi is 2 mm Colour scale: for microscopic fungi range goes from 1 μm (low) to 16 μm (high) hyphal width; for macroscopic fungi range goes from 0.05 mm (low) to 3 mm (high) cord width we used the mean as a simple summary statistic for ordination a Loadings for microscopic networks (zygomycetous fungi and ascomycetes); b loadings for macroscopic networks (basidiomycetes); and c both micro- and macro- scale networks. In all cases, loadings indicate the contribution of morphological and network traits (light and dark blue, respectively) to the first two RDA axes displayed in Fig. 4 Although each RDA axes reflect composite differences of all the traits among fungi differences in traits with higher loading are better represented in the axes in a ascending width robustness has the lowest loading to RDA1 indicating that RDA1 axis does not represent well differences among species in ascending width robustness Such differences are better represented in RDA2 where ascending width robustness has the highest loading RDA model c has fewer traits than a and b because it includes only traits that are size-independent or that are size-normalized (see “Material and methods” section) the second axis also explained little variation (6%) robustness to fungivores that prefer thin hyphae also played a major role along with global transport efficiencies fungi with higher robustness against this type of attack tended to have lower global transport efficiencies Each point represents a fungal colony in ordination space where blue points refer to zygomycetous fungi the colony morphology that is closest to the corresponding archetype is depicted the largest variation in network morphospace occurs along the first axis This axis shows a gradient between two extremes: the left extreme (i.e. the archetype closest to Mortierella and Phanerochaete ventulina) shows high global efficiency and robustness but low root efficiency the morphology shows an opposite pattern (low global efficiency and robustness but high root efficiency) The further separation of two archetypes at the high connectivity end on the left is driven by mild differences in global efficiency where the archetype closest to Phanerochaete ventulina would have higher global efficiency than the archetype closest to Mortierella Images of fungal mycelia are not size scaled Here we argue that the properties of the mycelial networks that filamentous fungi form as they grow and search for resources can be used to understand fungal foraging strategies We focused on network properties that we hypothesize are likely to influence how fungi overcome challenges while foraging for resources we propose a set of ten network traits that in combination with five morphological traits based on hyphal/cord dimensions can be readily measured on both micro- and macroscopic mycelia foraging strategies can be placed along two axes of variation separating foraging phenotypes based on network traits related to connectivity the second gradient was almost exclusively driven by a simple morphological relationship: the thicker the hyphal/cords are on average the higher the robustness against damage by small fungivores Despite the high number of traits composing the first axis we argue that it can be understood as a connectivity gradient Mycelia with high-connectivity have a high number of hyphae/cords and cross-connections per unit area there are more potential paths for multidirectional transport this connectivity also results in high construction costs Mycelia at the low end of the connectivity gradient exhibit the opposite pattern but whose mycelia are harder to translate to a graph (data not shown) future work could compare the robustness-connectivity relationship among basidiomycete and zygomycetous solely at the microscopic scale the network traits behind the high connectivity archetype (i.e. high number of connections for potential multidirectional transport and relative construction cost) are analogous to the phalanx-like strategy that favours exploitation of the resource patch over exploration the network traits behind the low connectivity archetype (i.e. low robustness and construction cost) resemble a guerrilla strategy that favours exploration over exploitation fungal foraging was determined by continuous measurement of space-exploration traits of individual hyphae growing in microfluidic devices (hyphal extension rate The fact that phalanx and guerrilla like pattern are not derived from individual hyphae trait measurements suggest that once hyphae form a connected mycelium emergent and distinctive foraging properties arise While here we used non-space-restricted systems (plates with agar or compressed sand) our pipeline can be adapted to more complex settings provided the network can be captured with high fidelity This discrepancy suggests that even fungi that share common habitats might show niche differentiation that is reflected or driven by their network traits and the development of efficient algorithms to process these data our work sets the stage for a research programme aimed at understanding the ecological diversity and evolutionary origin of the branch of life that has most successfully implemented network growth Data and code used in this paper are available in the github repo: https://github.com/aguilart/Fungal_Networks Further information on the GUI (e.g., User Manual) available in Zenodo: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5187933 Communicate and fuse: How filamentous fungi establish and maintain an interconnected mycelial network A mechanistic explanation of the transition to simple multicellularity in fungi Comparative genomics reveals the origin of fungal hyphae and multicellularity Fungi took a unique evolutionary route to multicellularity: Seven key challenges for fungal multicellular life Fungal evolution: major ecological adaptations and evolutionary transitions Fungal traits that drive ecosystem dynamics on land Functional traits explain variation in plant life history strategies New handbook for standardised measurement of plant functional traits worldwide Handbook for the measurement of macrofungal functional traits: A start with basidiomycete wood fungi Branching out: Towards a trait-based understanding of fungal ecology Fungal functional ecology: Bringing a trait-based approach to plant-associated fungi Saprotrophic cord-forming fungi: Meeting the challenge of heterogeneous environments Fractal geometry and microorganisms in the environment Biophys Chem Fractal Struct Processes Environ Syst Tradeoffs in hyphal traits determine mycelium architecture in saprobic fungi Homo- and dikaryons of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus rhizophagus irregularis differ in life history strategy Probing the growth dynamics of Neurospora crassa with microfluidic structures Fungal foraging behaviour and hyphal space exploration in micro-structured Soil Chips Analysis of spatio-temporal fungal growth dynamics under different environmental conditions Hyphal network whole field imaging allows for accurate estimation of anastomosis rates and branching dynamics of the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina Morphological characterization and quantification of the mycelial growth of the Brown-Rot fungus Postia placenta for modeling purposes Automated image-based analysis of spatio-temporal fungal dynamics Grazing alters network architecture during interspecific mycelial interactions Biological solutions to transport network design Automated analysis of Physarumnetwork structure and dynamics Mesoscale analyses of fungal networks as an approach for quantifying phenotypic traits A bioimage informatics approach to automatically extract complex fungal networks Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2007 Imaging complex nutrient dynamics in mycelial networks Fungal feature tracker (FFT): A tool for quantitatively characterizing the morphology and growth of filamentous fungi Growth-induced mass flows in fungal networks Mycelial responses in heterogeneous environments: parallels with macroorganisms Functional and ecological consequences of saprotrophic fungus–grazer interactions Interactions between saprotrophic basidiomycete mycelia and mycophagous soil fauna Grazing by Folsomia candida (Collembola) differentially affects mycelial morphology of the cord-forming basidiomycetes Hypholoma fasciculare Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2018 Chapter 1 Mycelial networks: structure and dynamics British mycological society symposia series The Interplay between structure and function in fungal networks The role of active movement in fungal ecology and community assembly Inferring biological tasks using Pareto analysis of high-dimensional data Temperature priming and memory in soil filamentous fungi Impacts of elevated temperature on the growth and functioning of decomposer fungi are influenced by grazing collembola Fractal analysis in studies of mycelium in soil Quantitative analysis of plant ER architecture and dynamics Automated and accurate segmentation of leaf venation networks via deep learning Wickham H, Bryan J. 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R package version 1.3.1. 2019. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=readxl The igraph software package for complex network research A language and environment for statistical computing Austria: R Foundation for statistical computing; 2017 Oksanen J, Guillaume Blanchet F, Kindt R, Legendre P, Minchin PR, O’Hara RB et al. vegan: Community ecology package. 2012. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan Size matters: What have we learnt from microcosm studies of decomposer fungus–invertebrate interactions A kinetic study of the growth of Aspergillus nidulans and other fungi Mucor: A Janus-faced fungal genus with human health impact and industrial applications MycoCosm portal: gearing up for 1000 fungal genomes Alternaria spp.: from general saprophyte to specific parasite Endophytic root colonization by fusarium species: histology Fungal wound healing through instantaneous protoplasmic gelation Growth and reproduction of fungal feeding Collembola as affected by fungal species Translocation and incorporation of strontium carbonate derived strontium into calcium oxalate crystals by the wood decay fungus Resinicium bicolor Potential impacts of climate change on interactions among saprotrophic cord-forming fungal mycelia and grazing soil invertebrates Ecological memory and relocation decisions in fungal mycelial networks: responses to quantity and location of new resources Untangling the fungal niche: the trait-based approach Download references and Tessa Camenzind for helpful discussion on earlier versions of this manuscript Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Department of Biological and Environmental Science MDF developed the GUI for translating mycelial pictures into network graphs CAA-T took microphotographs of microscopic mycelia and translated them into network graphs MDF translated pictures of macroscopic mycelia CAA-T performed the data analysis of all the data The authors declare no competing interests Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43705-021-00085-1 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 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Print On several floors of the Seeley G Francisca Trigueros was a known and trusted face The 61-year-old custodian had been cleaning bathrooms labs and offices there for more than two decades and was on a first-name basis with many of the psychology professors and staff who worked there So when word got out that Trigueros had been suspended and arrested for allegedly stealing a student‘s backpack with cash in it many of those same faculty members jumped to her defense — demanding the university investigate what they saw as a wrongful campus arrest based on a “simple misunderstanding.” would not have done what she stood accused of doing an associate professor of psychology who has been at the university since 2010 “We know she’s found lost things before; she’s always returned them If she were really looking to start a life of crime Psychology professors, department staff and students have since written an impassioned open letter attesting to Trigueros’ integrity and offering their own narrative of the incident based on a conversation between Trigueros and Melissa Reyes Trigueros had tried to turn in the backpack but she placed it in a closet for safe-keeping Community members have also raised thousands of dollars online to help Trigueros make ends meet after she was subsequently fired The response has cast a massive spotlight on what now appears to be a minor theft case Police said prosecutors in the Los Angeles County district attorney’s office declined to file felony charges and kicked the case down to City Atty though Feuer’s office said it had not yet received the case and would not make Trigueros available to answer questions those involved in Trigueros’ arrest and firing were not backing down a Los Angeles Police Department spokeswoman said that LAPD detectives — who investigate all potential felonies on campus — reviewed surveillance footage of the incident determined that Trigueros had committed felony theft and presented the case to prosecutors for consideration Muniz would not say what was captured on the video or provide any other details of the LAPD investigation Police have not disclosed what happened to the backpack said that the university had followed standard procedures by calling in the LAPD and turning over the surveillance video and that it was “cooperating fully” with the investigation Neither the police nor the university would share the video with The Times Trigueros’ arrest was first reported by USC Annenberg Media a food and facilities service company that contracts with the university “After an investigation involving the police and our HR team the person in question was found to be in violation of our policies regarding lost and found items and is no longer with the company,” Aramark spokesman Chris Collom said in an email Collom did not provide Aramark’s lost and found policy when asked the university’s handling of the situation has been frustrating Trigueros reached out to Reyes and explained what had happened Reyes said she then relayed Trigueros’ story to the department Trigueros had been cleaning a general use classroom on March 10 the Thursday before USC’s weeklong spring break when she found a backpack that contained “a substantial amount of money.” Reyes said Trigueros tried to turn the backpack in to the front desk she put the backpack in a locked supply closet Trigueros was confronted by USC Department of Public Safety officers and her manager who had seen surveillance video of Trigueros taking the backpack the backpack and all of its contents were still safely locked away,” the open letter states The letter, which had amassed more than 10,000 signatures as of Friday, also questioned whether a tenured professor would have received the same treatment as Trigueros and whether being accused of a crime justifies her termination. It called on the university to reinstate Trigueros as an employee and to “protect its faculty, staff, students and contractors from wrongful on-campus arrests.” Leslie Berntsen, a lecturer in the Department of Psychology, said it was “heartening to know that so many people share our department’s concerns and want to express their support for Francisca.” Stephen Boardman, communications director of SEIU United Service Workers West, which represents custodians who work for Aramark at the campus, said Trigueros is filing a grievance after being fired by the company. “While we are still in the process of gathering facts, we have serious concerns about the way this investigation has proceeded from the start,” Boardman said. “We believe that all workers should be afforded dignity, respect and due process and we will continue to stand with Francisca until this is resolved.” USC custodians are in the midst of contract negotiations with Aramark. On Thursday afternoon, they rallied on campus to demand higher wages and benefits from Aramark with support from the university community. Eduarda, a USC custodian who declined to give her last name, said she had heard about Trigueros’ arrest but was not aware she had been fired. She said it’s not uncommon for custodians to find valuable items as they clean — twice, she has found phones and held on to them to try and contact the owners. One student who she returned a phone to gave her a small gift as a thanks. Eduarda said under company policy custodians who find items are to turn them over to their supervisors. But sometimes supervisors don’t answer calls, she said, and they opt to leave the items in place or try to find the owner, as she has in the past. USC freshman Daniel Chung, who joined the custodians in their rally, said he signed the petition in support of Trigueros, and saw a link between her treatment and the broader fight for better wages. Both, he said, reflect injustices at USC. Times researcher Scott Wilson contributed to this report. Melissa Gomez is an enterprise reporter on the State Team who joined the Los Angeles Times in 2018. She reports on a range of news and issues, with a special focus on the Central Valley. She previously covered education and the 2020 presidential campaign at The Times. A native Floridian, she graduated from the University of Florida. World & Nation first started working with the garden this past summer through Agroecology a program offered by CSUN’s Institute of Sustainability AFFP partners with Multinational Exchange for Sustainable Agriculture to offer a three-month long certificate program providing participants with hands-on training in farming Carolyn Burt Tucked away behind the baseball field near student housing lives CSUN’s food garden which has transformed from a patch of dirt into a home for nearly 65 fruit trees and 200 native plants alumni and community members recognized the need to provide a food space The garden is all organic and does not use any pesticides or synthetic fertilizers and creates its own compost — or black gold as those in the gardening community like to call it — which provides minerals and foods for the plants Mabel Trigueros is the institute garden coordinator and first started working with the garden this past summer through Agroecology, Farming, and Food Pathway, a program offered by CSUN’s Institute of Sustainability “I enrolled in the certificate program because I’ve always been into gardening and it’s just like one of my passions,” Trigueros said She was soon offered the facilitator role for the program before signing on for the administrative role she has today with the Institute of Sustainability Trigueros’ favorite part of her role is getting to grow the food and she has a particular pride with the peppers she’s grown The garden rotates the food they grow with its corresponding seasons to produce optimal produce “When you have an heirloom tomato that [is] grown in season and [at] the right time the garden is able to provide a healthy and organic food source to students on campus While the garden operates at a small scale any abundance of produce is donated to the CSUN food pantry Another focus of the garden is to educate students on how they can grow food and see firsthand where it comes from The garden is open to volunteers every Tuesday and Thursday from 9 a.m and has just started offering Saturdays as an option as well Tasks range from weeding and watering to harvesting the produce where volunteers come to the Orange Grove to pick up oranges that are later donated to local food pantries the Institute for Sustainability has aimed to educate the campus and greater Northridge community about how they can practice sustainability in their day-to-day life CSUN offers a minor in sustainability for students CSUN now offers a master’s degree in sustainability Its first cohort of students will start in fall 2022 CSUN was also the first CSU to build a Certified LEED Platinum Sustainability Center, where the Institute of Sustainability operates out of. The building is a testament to the campus’s commitment to sustainability because of the features built into its structure a solar-paneled roof and utilizing natural ventilation the director of the Institute for Sustainability Zappia describes the position as his dream job as he’s able to focus on his main interests community gardening and environmental education Zappia offered encouraging advice to those looking to begin their journey with sustainability “Sustainability is about sustaining yourself The institute works closely with CSUN’s Associated Students sustainability program. AS organizes events and resources focused on sustainability, such as an E-Waste Drive which helps students safely recycle old electronics New this year is the Matador Exchange program which operates as an online marketplace exclusively for CSUN students The marketplace connects students looking to buy secondhand items including textbooks the market also relieves students of the nerves that might come from purchasing items on other exchange sites such as craigslist CSUN will soon be home to a freight farm a shipping container with two acres worth of farmland inside Campus facilities were approved for a grant that provides funding for the farm which is designed to help students and provide for those who experience food insecurity The shipping container provides protection for the plants by keeping away rodents that the food garden has had to learn to live with “It’s an uphill battle with squirrels and rabbits,” said Trigueros as a squirrel made its way through the garden “They’re a part of the system here and it’s like okay So when we plant stuff it’s like we know we have to plant like 10 times more whatever it is because the harvest we’re going to get There’s other initiatives on the horizon for the Institute for Sustainability The garden began building their own seed bank this summer they allow their plants to bolt so that they grow flowers and produce seeds of their own Trigueros recognized that it’s not uncommon for students to feel discouraged from gardening because they feel they might not have the yard or space for it but she believes that doesn’t prevent them from getting started You’re going to be able to grow — at the minimum — at least herbs so why not incorporate some fresh herbs into your diet?” who recommended students to start by finding simple ways to incorporate sustainability into their everyday routine He believes that starting with tasks that are within reach allows people to enter sustainability from a healthier mindset “I mean guilt does motivate people,” Zappia said the most effective way to get us to regenerative culture which is what we need to tackle these ecological issues.” Daily Sundial • Copyright 2025 • FLEX WordPress Theme by SNO • Log in This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. 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Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. 12:51 amFacebookFacebook MessengerTwitterEmailManu Trigueros scored a superb late winner as Villarreal reached the Europa League knockout stages with a nervy 2-1 victory over 10-man Steaua Bucharest Trigueros lobbed goalkeeper Florin Nita from the edge of the box three minutes from time at El Madrigal to scupper a battling fightback from Steaua Nicola Sansone had opened the scoring as the Spanish side dominated the first half but Vlad Achim equalised to set up a tense finish despite the sending off of Gabriel Tamas Trigueros thought he had settled the affair but a 2-2 draw would still have been sufficient for Steaua They could have snatched that with the last kick of the game but Sergio Asenjo saved from Bojan Golubovic All four teams in the group went into the final round of fixtures with a chance of qualifying Villarreal looked the most likely after going ahead on 16 minutes when the impressive Mario Gaspar teed up Sansone Nita parried the striker's initial attempt but Sansone reacted quickly to tap in at the second time of asking Steaua threatened an immediate reply as Fernando Boldrin fed Adrian Popa inside the box but his shot was blocked That proved a rare attack from Steaua in the first half Sansone got behind the defence again as he latched onto a long ball but Nita comfortably saved his long-range effort Cedric Bakambu spurned two good chances as he headed over and then failed to take the ball cleanly around Nita Gaspar fired wide after being played in by Sansone on the turn The complexion of the game changed after the break as Steaua found another gear Tamas did brilliantly to skip past a challenge from Jaume Costa on the right and his pinpoint cross was firmly headed in by substitute Achim on 55 minutes Bakambu could have put Villarreal back ahead when he seized on a poor backpass from Marko Momcilovic and rounded Nita but missed the target from a tight angle William Amorim thought he was going to give the Romanians the lead when he bent a fine low shot through a crowded penalty area but Asenjo produced a fine save Bakambu wasted another chance as he was left alone by a Steaua defence mistakenly assuming he was offside but his control let him down Knowing a 1-1 draw would not be good enough on head-to-head rules Steaua pushed themselves but suffered a blow when Tamas was sent off after pulling back Roberto Soriano to earn a second yellow card It seemed the killer blow had come when Trigueros produced a world-class finish to put Villarreal ahead late on Nita then made further saves from Bruno Soriano and Roberto Soriano as Villarreal sought a third with the head to head favouring Steaua in the event of a 2-2 draw it was not quite over and Golubovic almost had the final word Manu Trigueros scored a superb late winner as Villarreal reached the Europa League knockout stages with a nervy 2-1 victory over 10-man Steaua Bucharest Manu Trigueros celebra su gol en el Celta-Villarreal AdvertisementHow was your experience today News today from the Villarreal camp is that Manu Trigueros has extended his contract until 2025 I looked back to see if Villarreal USA had noted when Manu first became a Villarreal player because he joined us as an 18 year-old from Real Murcia’s B team and went into our third team which we didn’t get a lot of information about at the time at the end of the 2010-11 season; in 2011-12 he was actually called up for one first team match in November shortly after that he made the jump to our B team (then in the Segunda) where he played 25 times 2012-13 of course saw our first team in the Segunda I hadn’t realized he actually played 90 minutes more times under Julio Velasquez (9) than Marcelino (once) By the next year he established himself as a frequent starter Trigueros was a central midfielder in a rigid 4-4-2 scheme though this season he’s been used on the wings more than at any time in a while Discussions on this site as to where in midfield Trigueros should play who should partner him in a doble pivote....those have gone on for years It’s frankly criminal that Manu was never called up for the Spain national team, but he had the misfortune of being an attacking midfielder at a time when Spain had a flood of them, the national side was dominated by Real Madrid and Barcelona players and—of course—Spain was riding a wave of success with the players they had (Borja Valero made exactly one appearance for the national team—a friendly against the USA in 2011; Bruno made only 10 appearances.) Congratulations, Don Manu! I’ll leave you with Sid Lowe’s excellent article on him and his teaching qualifications published on the eve of last year’s Europa League final Do you remember this goal from seven years ago The 2012-13 season was Villarreal’s first in the Segunda since 1999-2000 and for those of us who experienced it—even from thousands of miles away—it was a roller coaster of emotion Marcelino took over as coach in late January but we didn’t move into the promotion playoff places until early March But by mid-April things were looking a lot better—we had won four of five (and drawn the other) and were coming off trouncings of Mirandes at Anduva and Numancia and this was the first big “desplacement” of Villarreal faithful to follow their team Something like 40 buses made the trip from Vila-real to Murcia for the “Yellow Invasion”: Allo those fans wanted something to cheer about My memories are of a dry and bouncy pitch and Murcia doing their best to frustrate us at every turn Javier Aquino was injured midway through the first half and Juanma (remember him Murcia took the lead through a goal just before halftime officially credited as an own goal to Chechu Dorado after a shot from outside the box had hit the post and a Murcia player followed up with a shot Juan Carlos and Dorado couldn’t keep out One of the interesting sidebars here was that Murcia had a couple of ex-Villarreal cantera players in their starting XI was sent off in the 56th minute for a straight red cynically kneeing ex-teammate Mateo Mussachio and Marcelino brought in young Manu Trigueros as an attacking midfielder in place of the more defensive-minded Hector Canteros Trigueros was an interesting story, too—he had (after a brief bit at La Masia) played for Murcia’s B team, but was released. Villarreal picked him up, he played for our B team—then in the Segunda—in 2011-12 though he wasn’t a regular starter at this point I remember watching the game it felt as though we were just pounding on the door Murcia were just flopping whenever they could wasting time—which is why there were seven minutes of injury time played I’ll let Manu Trigueros himself tell you about it: “It’s a moment that isn’t easy to forget I remember than there were 3,000 fans who had travelled with us and it was a very important match as we were in a promotion battle I was able to make it 1-1 with a header in added time after an assist from my friend Jaume Costa It was an extremely important goal and I was able to celebrate it with all the fans there.” a beautiful header after a cross from the left— I don’t know if he’s scored a header for us since It had to be sweet to get it against the team that had let him go Why does this goal seem so big to me, seven years on? Mostly because, as Manu said, we had so many fans there and we all needed to believe. Getting a last-minute goal like that? Well, it felt like a win and must have made the trip home joyous and optimistic instead of the opposite for all those buses of fans. And this “Yellow Invasion” set us up for an even greater one, when we played Barcelona’s B team in the penultimate match of the season Many thanks to the club for contacting Manu at my request and getting his recollection of his goal for us The dates displayed for an article provide information on when various publication milestones were reached at the journal that has published the article activities on preceding journals at which the article was previously under consideration are not shown (for instance submission Agricultural Water ManagementCitation Excerpt :Drip irrigation can improve water and nutrient management increase crop yield and water use efficiency and reduce water and fertilizer costs (Wang et al. While previous studies have focused on irrigation effects on aboveground C processes such as leaf photosynthesis and aboveground net primary productivity (Du et al. the impact of irrigation on the soil C pool Studies investigating irrigation effects on C accumulation in agroecosystems have yielded inconsistent results Science of the Total EnvironmentCitation Excerpt :In practical agricultural practice management in areas where can satisfy both paddy field and dryland cultivation climate choosing a paddy-upland rotation model may be more beneficial to the natural reduction of ARGs in organic manure applied soils than a single dryland cultivation model Based on the responses of soil microbial communities and different agricultural measures of water management ARGs can be regulated by antibiotic-resistant host bacteria (Romero-Trigueros et al. and measures with less risk of ARGs can be selected in the actual agricultural planting management process the results of this study suggested that it may be useful to understand the origin dynamics and migration of ARGs and their introduction into the soil by adapting to changes in the non-flooded and flooded environments adopting different agricultural practices and using fields with different soil types to grow crops thus providing a basis for risk mitigation strategies All content on this site: Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. An uncle and grandfather are joining a mother behind bars after a three year-old-girl was killed during a horrific Hernandez posted a lengthy video to YouTube where she casually claimed her daughter’s death “is what it is.” On Friday, investigators additionally charged Rene Aaron Hernandez-Santos, 19, and Rene Trigueros Hernandez, 59, for their roles in the fatal ritual, the New York Post reports the mother believed her three-year-old daughter contained an “evil spirit” because she often heard the child crying during the night 2021 she and the girl’s uncle drove Arely to Iglesia Apostoles y Profetas church where Hernandez’s father was a pastor Hernandez later told police that she and her brother began performing maneuvers like holding her daughter by the neck and waist to help her “throw up” and “get the spirit out.” Hernandez’s father later arrived to the church and the three adults continued physically trying to force the girl to vomit Hernandez admitted that during the demonic procedure she decided to “stick her finger down the victim’s throat and squeezed the victim’s neck to induce vomiting.” She also said Arely “fell asleep several times” as she pressed on her throat Hernandez called the police to tell them that her daughter was dead The affidavit claims that first responders noticed Arely had bruising around her eyes and Hernandez admitted the family waited at least an hour to call 911 once they noticed the child had become lifeless just days after posting her nonchalant video about the incident and was charged with a felony count of assault on a child with force likely to produce great bodily injury resulting in death Though Hernandez’s father, Reno, was not initially charged for the girl’s death, he told the San Jose Mercury-News at the time: “If you read the Bible you’ll see that Jesus casts away demons and made sick people healthy again… It’s not when I want to do it The preacher is like an instrument of God; what we do is what God says.” Both Arely’s uncle and grandfather have now been charged with felony abuse for participating in the ritualistic torture Hernandez remains in jail and is scheduled for court June 13 Got a tip? Send it to The Daily Beast here. Anna Venarchik is a breaking news intern for The Daily Beast. She’s currently a graduate journalism student at New York University, where she's studying literary reportage. She has been a podcasting fellow at NYU's Production Lab and a reporting intern at Bedford + Bowery. Her work has also appeared in McSweeney’s Internet Tendency and The Belladonna. Before becoming a journalist, she taught high school literature in Chicago. You can reach her at anna.venarchik@thedailybeast.com. Cornell Catering Executive Chef Nery Trigueros-Gonzalez, who this past spring brought home Cornell's first regional gold medal from the National Association of College and University Food Service (NACUFS), has given Cornell more firsts: As the first Cornell chef to participate in NACUFS's annual national competition, he won that competition's silver medal and its People's Choice award. Competing against five other regional finalists at the 12th NACUFS Culinary Challenge in Boston, July 12, and following the rules of the challenge, Trigueros-Gonzalez prepared the same dish as he had at the regionals, with just minor variations in the plating. Individual competitors had half an hour to cut and prepare the mandatory flounder, and an hour to prepare four portions of an original hot entrée, featuring the flounder, side dishes and sauces, to create a nutritionally balanced meal. Three judges rated the competitors on their cooking skills and culinary techniques, organizational skills, including sanitation principles, and the taste of the finished product. For the People's Choice, contestants were judged on their techniques, plating, presentation and creativity in ingredients by hundreds of conference participants, who watched the competitors on big screens and judged them on various aspects of their preparation and presentation. They were not allowed to taste the final product. "I won People's Choice by a large margin," said Trigueros-Gonzalez. "I did not use traditional ingredients, but anyone who knew anything about nutrition could see that my entrée was well-balanced and had fewer calories than some of the others. It was a nice compliment to win this award." The awards have also given Cornell's other chefs a boost. "They gave us confidence to know that we have the talent right here to compete at regional and national levels and win," said Trigueros-Gonzalez. Already they are planning for next year's regional competition, to be held in Cortland, N.Y. "Sometime between now and the new year, we are going to hold our own internal competition with a blind taste-testing to determine who goes to the regionals," Trigueros-Gonzalez said. He won't compete, he said, but will coach the next chef chosen. "The competition, with everyone watching every move you make, is exhausting. You need to be mentally and physically prepared," he said. For now, though, with summer camps and conferences, the Robert Purcell Community Center kitchen is buzzing with the activity of serving three meals daily. It's "back to business," Trigueros-Gonzalez said. Get Cornell news delivered right to your inbox. Volume 10 - 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01243 The 70% worldwide surface of olive orchards is irrigated The evaluation of non-conventional water resources and water-saving techniques has gained importance during the last decades in arid and semiarid environments This study evaluated the effects of irrigation with two water sources: low-cost water DEsalination and SEnsoR Technology (DESERT) desalinated water (DW) ECw ∼1 dS m−1) and reclaimed water (RW) (ECw ∼ 3 dS m−1) combined with two irrigation strategies: full irrigation (FI) (100% of ETc) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI and oil yield and quality of olive trees cv Arbosana planted in Mediterranean conditions Our results showed that RW without water restrictions increased the fruit yield by 35% due to a slight increase in the fruit weight and to a greater fruit set than the control trees; although this did not result in a higher oil yield (g tree−1) since the oil content per fruit dry weight was reduced The RDI strategy did not decrease the fruit yield despite the fact that olive weight tended to decrease and it increased the oil yield by ∼14.5% The combination of both stresses (RW and RDI) neither decreased the fruit yield; however it significantly reduced oil yield (25% less in 2018) since oil content per fruit dry weight was strongly reduced (40%) compared to control trees determined acidity levels in olive paste lower than in FI treatments; however it reduced oil extractability and fatty yield The finding about oil quality indicated that olive exposure to RW decreased oil quality mainly due to the reduction of oleic acid and the increase of C18:2/C18:3 ratio and peroxides; on the contrary both RW and RDI improved the total polyphenols RW and RDI have great potential to manage oil olive production; nevertheless studies subjected to long-term use of these techniques should be experienced to ensure the sustainability of oil yields and quality Water is essential for agricultural production and food security. Our freshwater resources are dwindling at an alarming rate. It is estimated that by 2025, around 2 billion people will be affected by absolute water scarcity (Riemenschneider et al., 2016) growing water scarcity is now one of the leading challenges for sustainable development This challenge will become more pressing as the world’s population continues to grow and the effects of climate change intensify more frequent and severe droughts are already having an impact on agricultural production where rising temperatures translate into increased crop water demand Doing so will not prevent a drought from occurring but it can help in preventing droughts to result in famine and socioeconomic disruption (FAO Regarding the effects of RDI in olive crop, recent works showed that linoleic acid content in olive oil (Hernández et al., 2018), the vegetative growth (Rosecrance et al., 2015; Hernández-Santana et al., 2018), the fruit yield (Gucci et al., 2019) were decreased by water stress. However, a moderate water stress can increase olive oil yield and quality and accelerate fruit maturity (Rosecrance et al., 2015) This work intends to assess the effects of the use of desalinated and saline RW combined with two irrigation strategies full irrigation (FI) and RDI on (i) fruit yield and ripening indices and (ii) oil yield and quality of olive trees cv Arbosana The study was conducted at an experimental site located in the southeast of Italy (Bari Apulia Region) (41°06′41′′N 16°52′57′′E) (5 m above sea level) during 2017 and 2018 The crop used was 2 years self-rooted olive trees (cv Arbosana) planted on not covered 100-L polyethylene pots (diameter Pots were on the ground with a 1.85 × 2.10 m planting system in rows oriented N-NE to S-SW The soil texture within the first 90 cm depth was classified as loam (44.78 % sand and 42.90 % silt) (USDA textural soil classification) Two irrigation water sources were examined First was low-cost water DEsalination and SEnsoR Technology (DESERT) DW obtained by treating secondary wastewater coming from Bari secondary wastewater treatment plant with ECw 1.2 dS m−1 by ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis till reaching an ECw of 1.0 dS m−1 DESERT is an innovative water desalination and sensor technology compact module for continuously monitoring water quality that has been developed in the framework of the DESERT European project (Water JPI 2016) with participating partners from Italy to contrast water scarcity and to increase the water quality enhances the energy savings using solar energy to treat the non-conventional water which is obtained by mixing the secondary wastewater (ECw 1.2 dS m−1) with the brine produced on the DESERT prototype till reaching an ECw of 3 dS m−1) where Kr is reduction coefficient (Kr = 0.75) and Kc (0.40 Kcini, 0.90 Kcmid, 0.65 Kcend) is crop coefficient. ET0 was calculated by Penman–Monteith methodology, and all data were provided by a climate station located 100 m far from the experimental platform. The monthly evolution of the ET0 during the experiment is shown in Figure 1 The water was supplied by drip irrigation with three pressure compensated drippers per tree Figure 1 Seasonal evolution of rainfall (mm·month−1) and full (FI) and regulated deficit (RDI) irrigation depths (mm·month−1) during 2017 and 2018 All trees received the same amount of NPK macronutrients through a drip irrigation system Integrated pest management and pruning were those commonly used by growers in the area and no weeds were allowed to develop within the orchard pH and ECw of each irrigation water source were assessed monthly during the irrigation seasons in 2017 and 2018 The samples were collected in glass bottles transported in an ice chest to the laboratory and stored at 5°C before being processed for chemical and physical analyses and Mg) and micronutrients including B were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-ICAP 6500 DUO Thermo and SO42−) were analyzed by ion chromatography with a liquid chromatograph (Metrohm ECw was determined using a PC-2700 meter (Eutech Instruments and pH was measured with a pH-meter Crison-507 (Crison Instruments S.A. Stem water potential (SWP) was determined weekly during the irrigation periods at midday, using a pressure chamber (model 3000, Soil Moisture Equipment Corp., California, USA), according to Scholander et al. (1965), on one fully expanded leaf per tree from the mid-shoot area, which were bagged within foil-covered aluminum envelopes at least 2 h before the measurement (Shackel et al., 1997) when detachment index reached at least 2 N g−1 All olives were manually and separately collected and weighed to determine the fruit yield (g tree−1) The fruit number per tree was calculated by dividing the fruit yield by average single fruit weight Fifty olives from each tree of each treatment were randomly sampled immediately after harvest to determine the different fruit ripening indices, following the methodology reported by Camposeo et al. (2013) and water content (WC) calculated as (FWe-DWe)·FWe−1·100 fruits were brought to the laboratory to determine the FWe on a digital balance (XS105 Dual Range these were oven-dried for 48 h at 65°C cooled for 30 min in a desiccator and again weighted The detachment index (DI; N g−1) was calculated as: DI = DF·FWe−1 where DF is the detachment force (N) measured using a manual dynamometer (Somfy Tec) Fruit firmness was measured with a penetrometer ADEMVA (mod.TR) using a tip Ø 2 mm on the equatorial zone Fruit color was determined as pigmentation index (PI) calculated in Equation (2): N is the total number of fruits in the sample The procedure consisted in distributing the sample of olives in six groups according to the following characteristics: group 0 <50% black skin with white flesh; group 2 ≥50% black skin with white flesh; group 3 100% black skin with <50% purple flesh; and group 5 100% black skin and ≥50% purple flesh (0 ≤ PI ≤ 5) Fatty yield (%), humidity (%), and acidity (%) were determined by near-infrared spectroscopy in part of fruits which were crushed in a hammer mill (FOSS Olivia™, Barcelona, Spain), the resulting olive paste malaxed at 25°C for 30 min (Servili et al., 2007) To determine oil industrial extractability (%) after olive paste was obtained the oil was extracted and separated by vertical centrifugation The oil samples were filtered and stored at 14°C in a dark and cool place in amber glass bottles until analysis Results were also expressed as oil content per dry and fresh fruit weight (%) and oil yield (goil tree) and ΔK) were carried out according to the European Union Commission Reg 2011) and International Olive Council (IOC) standard methods and ΔK was calculated from the absorbances at 232 were carried out using a Shimadzu UV-1601 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Profiles of fatty acids methyl esters (FAME) were determined by gas chromatography (EEC Olive oil was diluted in hexane (1% oil) and 0.4-ml solution was added to 0.2-ml methanol solution with KOH 2 N The mixture was vigorously shaken for 1 min and 2 µL of the hexane organic phase was collected for the GC injection GC-17A equipped with flame ionization detected (FID) (Shimadzu Italia The acquisition software was Class-VP Chromatography data system 4.6 (Shimadzu Italia with 0.25 mm 50% cyanopropyl-methyl phenyl silicone Chamber was held at 170°C for 20 min using a rate of 10°C min−1 until 220°C Injector temperature and FID temperature was 250°C; carrier gas Peaks identification was performed by comparing retention times of fatty acids with those of pure compounds (mixture of pure methyl esters of fatty acids; Larodan Phenolic compounds were extracted and determined according to Caponio et al. (2015) with slight modifications Extraction was carried out on 1 g of oil by adding 1 ml of hexane and 5 ml of methanol/water (60:40v/v) After vortexing for 1 min and centrifuging at 4000 rpm for 10 min the hydroalcoholic phase was recovered and filtered through nylon filters (pore size 0.45 μm 100 ml of extract were mixed with 100 ml of Folin–Ciocalteu reagent by Folin and Ciocalteau (1927) and after 4 min with 800 ml of a 5% (w/v) solution of sodium carbonate The mixture was stored in the dark for 30 min and the total phenol content was determined at 750 nm by a Shimadzu UV-1601 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu The total phenolic content was expressed as gallic acid equivalents (mg·kg−1) Chlorophyll and carotenoids determination was carried out by measuring the absorption of the oil/hexane solution (1:1 v/v) at wavelengths of 670 nm for chlorophyll and 450 nm for carotenoids using a Shimadzu UV-1601 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) (Minguez et al., 1991) A total of 40 trees were used in this study (10 per treatment) The experimental design of each irrigation treatment was five replicates distributed following a completely randomized design To evaluate the fruit yield and ripening indices all trees per treatment (10 trees per treatment) were used oil yield and quality five trees per treatment (one per replicate) were evaluated A weighted analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test (P ≤ 0.05) was used for assessing differences among treatments Linear regressions among the different variables measured were calculated Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to assess the significance of these relationships These statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (vers To discriminate significant differences among parameters of different linear regressions (slope and intercept) analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed using Statgraphics software (Statgraphics Plus for Windows Version 4.1) The data also were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with water quality and water amount as the main factors There was a clear different climatic pattern between years The first year was hotter and more arid than the second one during the ripening period (from September to November) the sum of ET0 values was much higher in 2017 than in 2018 (332.5 mm vs 60.6 mm and Zn also were slightly higher in RW than in DW (Fe and Mn presented values about almost double both years) and Pb were not detected in any of the water sources whereas the highest Al and Ni levels were in RW Table 1 Physical and chemical properties for DESERT desalinated water (DW) and reclaimed water (RW) in 2017 and 2018 The irrigation season lasted from May 1 to October 31 and from May 15 to November 9 for 2017 and 2018, respectively. The amounts of water applied were 3679.63 and 3062.34 m3·ha−1 for FI and RDI treatments in 2017 and 2460.49 and 2011.23 m3·ha−1 for FI and RDI treatments in 2018, respectively (Figure 1) the RDI treatment saved about 21% of irrigation water The RDI period in 2017 began on DOY 180 (29th June 2017) and ended on 213 (August 1 The RDI period in 2018 started on DOY 180 (June 29 The RDI period in 2017 lasted 1 month less than in 2018 for two reasons: (i) the trees were very young and (ii) the trees were shortly transplanted (1 year) the RDI treatments reached SWP values significantly more negative (−1.90 and −3.05 MPa in 2017 and 2018 respectively) than the control treatment (−1.02 and −1.29 MPa in 2017 and 2018 The SWP was lower in the water stressed trees during the second year than in the first one because the RDI period was longer Water stress caused by the RDI strategies did not affect significantly the fruit yield although we observed an increase in the number of fruits per tree (32.4% and 23.5% for DW-RDI and RW-RDI respectively) and a decrease in the fruit weight (21% and 6.8% for DW-RDI and RW-RDI Figure 2 (A) Olive fruit yield (g tree−1) (B) fruit fresh weight (g fruit−1) and (C) number of fruit (olives tree−1) for each treatment: DW-FI (DESERT water-full irrigation) DW-RDI (DESERT water-regulated deficit irrigation) and RW-RDI (reclaimed water-regulated deficit irrigation) for 2017 and 2018 Regarding fruit ripening indices at harvest (Table 2), neither quality water (RW treatments) nor water amount (RDI treatments) affected significantly detachment index, fruit firmness, and PI. Nevertheless, some trends were observed. Fruits from RW trees (i) were detached more easily than control trees, although the fruit detachment force was not significantly lower in the RW-FI versus the DW-FI (Table 2) and (ii) had a higher PI than the DW-FI in the first year (63%) the mean PI was 1.5 and in the second one decreased about 0.9 fruits visually recovered the firmness; although the lowest values of firmness were observed in this treatment at harvest the fruit WC was significantly higher in the RDI treatments in 2018 (4.9% and 4.2% for DW-RDI and RW-RDI fruit firmness and pigmentation index for each treatment: DW-FI (DESERT water-full irrigation) RW-FI (reclaimed water-full irrigation) and RW-RDI (reclaimed water-regulated deficit irrigation) in 2017 and 2018 humidity was significantly correlated to fatty yield (R = 0.82 p < 0.005***) and oil extractability (R = 0.80 the fatty yield and oil extractability decreased humidity also correlated negatively with acidity (R = 0.60 the levels of fatty yield and oil extractability decreased by 4% and 1.2% The fatty yield average values were around 24% in 2017 and decreased about 20% in 2018 and humidity was higher in 2018 (61%) than 2017 (53%) (C) acidity (%) and (D) humidity (%) for each treatment: DW-FI (DESERT water-full irrigation) and RW-RDI (reclaimed water-regulated deficit irrigation) in 2017 and 2018 despite such treatment having the highest olive fruit production and markedly decreased by 24.8% in trees with the combination RWRDI An increase by 14.5% in the DW-RDI was also found Figure 4 Oil content based on (A) fresh fruit weight (%) (B) oil content based on dry fruit weight (%) and (C) oil yield (g tree−1) for each treatment: DW-FI (DESERT water-full irrigation) The most nutritional and chemical quality parameters accepted in oil evaluation were evaluated (Tables 3 and 4, and Figure 5) Table 3 Oil quality chemical parameters: free acidity (FA) K270 and ΔK for each treatment: DW-FI (DESERT water-full irrigation) Table 4 Profiles of fatty acids methyl esters in the oil samples of each treatment: DW-FI (DESERT water-full irrigation) (B) chlorophyll and (C) carotenes (ppm) in oil samples of each treatment: DW-FI (DESERT water-full irrigation) Taking into account the different irrigation treatments, the FA had no clear tendency (Table 3). We observed that it slightly decreased in DW-RDI in 2 years, similar to the data found for the acidity during industrial extraction (Figure 3) The peroxides decreased in DW-RDI in both years and increased in RW treatments in 2017 The RW-RDI did not show a clear tendency for both years The K232 and K270 indices are also indicators of the presence of oxidation compounds in oil The mean values of the specific extinction coefficients ranged from 1.51 to 2.41 and from 0.12 to 0.18 K232 had the highest values in the RDI treatments it increased in the DW-RDI and decreased in the RW-RDI being statistically significant only in 2017 The delta K index showed the highest values in RW treatments in 2017 the values of peroxides and K232 were higher than in the first year in all cases On the other hand, significant effects among treatments on the fatty acid (FAME) composition of the major fraction of the olive oil, also known as saponifiable fraction, were observed (Table 4) The saturated and monounsaturated acids palmitic (C16:0) and palmitoleic (C16:1) were affected by quality and amount of water C16:0 increased by RW (FI and RDI) only in 2017 and C16:1 by the combination of water and saline stress (RW-RDI) The saturated stearic acid (C18:0) and monounsaturated oleic acid (C18:1) significantly decreased in the RW treatments this last one ranging between 69.03% and 70.57% increased by RW around 9.2% and 7.1% in 2017 and 2018 being more marked again in the RW-RDI for 2017 ω3) was not affected by any treatment the C18:2/C18:3 ratio increased about 10.3% in both RW treatments (FI and RDI) As for the acids with hydrocarbon chain of 20 or more carbons with respect to the DW-FI in 2017 and only in the RW-RDI in the next year The acid C20:1 decreased by RDI (DW-RDI) in 2017 C22:0 obtained the higher values in the DW-RDI and the RW-FI C24:0 increased in the DW-RDI and tended to decrease by effect of RW in the first year The main FAME of olive oil was oleic acid consisting around 70% of the FAMEs found (Table 4) The second most abundant FAME was palmitic and the third one was the polyunsaturated FAME linoleic The order from higher to lower concentration of the different acids was as follows: C18:1>C16:0>C18:2>C18:0>C16:1>C18:3>C20:0>C20:1>C17:1>C22:0>C17:0>C24:0 Regardless of the treatments, the chlorophilic and carotenoids levels were lower in the second year than the first one (Figures 5B, C) The RW irrigation increased chlorophyll and decreased carotenoid contents; the combination of both stresses (RW-RDI) strongly decreased the two pigments by in the first experimental year: 47.7% less chlorophyll and 27.0% of carotenoids than the rest of treatments a tendency to decrease both pigments by DW-RDI was observed reporting a slight but non-significant increase in olive and oil yield in Barnea and Leccino With regard both stresses combined (RW-RDI) there is nothing mentioned in the literature Contrary to our results, in Fernández et al. (2013) a small reduction in oil yield by 26% was observed when the water applications were reduced by 72% in an olive orchard of “Arbequina.” In many parameters, differences between the two experimental years of the study were found as a consequence of the different duration of the RDI period as well as of environmental factors and fruit load, which are known to affect oil quality (Ayoub et al., 2016) and K232 and K270 for all oil samples examined here were lower than the maximum limits established by the cited EU legislation for the extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) category (FA ≤ 0.8; Peroxides Index ≤ 20; K232 ≤ 2.5; K270 ≤ 0.22; ΔK ≤ 0.01) oleic acid was the dominant acid in the olive oil obtained in all irrigation treatments (ranging from 69% to 71%) followed by palmitic (15.34–15.74%) with their concentration falling within the range of the values for characterizing it as EVOO other important acids as oleic and stearic reduced their percentages when the olive trees were irrigated with RW As for the effects of the combination of both stresses (RW-RDI) on fatty acid we observed that the reduction of oleic acid and the increase of linoleic were more pronounced than in RW-FI It is not possible to discuss these results with other work because nothing has been published about the combination of RW and RDI strategies RW-RDI was the treatment that showed the greatest increases in polyphenols both years it is the first time that data are reported respect to the combination of water and saline stresses and nothing has been published in the literature irrigation with RW and RDI and mainly the combination of both might also greatly positively affect oil shelf life and nutraceutical claim Finally, the climatic pattern during ripening period could explain the strong increase of 25% of total oil polyphenols contents in 2018 with respect to 2017. Indeed the second year was colder than the former. In the literature, it has been stated that low temperature stimulates polyphenol accumulation in olive oil (Artajo et al., 2006) the trees full irrigated with RW improved the fruit yield although it did not increase the oil yield since the oil content dry weight-based was lower than control trees The changes in oil fatty acid composition of these trees demonstrated tendencies that are undesirable higher levels of the polyphenols in oil were presented although there was an increase in the number of fruits which showed less weight and firmness during the RDI period Despite the reduction of the fatty yield and oil extractability due to the high fruit WC this treatment presented the highest oil yield since oil content fruit dry weight-based improved by 20% there was a reduction in the acidity and peroxides and an increase in the polyphenols of the oil by water stress Some negative aspect were also found: an increase in K232 and K270 the combination of RW and RDI neither reduced fruit yield its fruits did not lose as much weight or firmness as in DW-RDI although the fatty yield and oil extractability decreased less than in DW-RDI the oil yield values of these trees under both stresses were the lowest compared with the rest of treatments since the low oil content fruit dry weight-based plus an important decrease of pigments in the first year It is important to highlight also that the highest levels of polyphenols were displayed in this treatment These aspects described about the combination of both stresses in this paper are reported in the literature for the first time These findings could help optimize crop management of cv Arbosana in new olive cropping system where environmental sustainability represent a key factor All datasets generated for this study are included in the manuscript/supplementary files The research involved in this work has been supported by the EU and Water JPI for funding in the frame of the collaborative international Consortium DESERT financed under the ERA-NET WaterWorks 2014 Cofunded Call This ERA-NET is an integral part of the 2015 Joint Activities developed by the Water Challenges for a Changing World Joint Programme Initiative (Water JPI) and “Fondo di Sviluppo e Coesione” 2007-2013 e APQ Ricerca Regione Puglia “Programma regionale a sostegno della specializzazione intelligente e della sostenibilita sociale ed ambientale e FutureInResearch.” CR-T acknowledges the financial support for Postdoctoral training and development fellowship (20363/PD/17) of Consejería de Empleo Universidades y Empresa (CARM) by the Fundación Séneca-Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia Olive phenolic compounds: metabolic and transcriptional profiling during fruit development “Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,” in Crop Evapotranspiration: Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements (Rome) Google Scholar Aragüés Three-year field response of young olive trees (Olea europaea L. 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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) *Correspondence: Emilio Nicolás Nicolás, ZW1pbGlvQGNlYmFzLmNzaWMuZXM= Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish With Villarreal set to host FC Barcelona on Sunday, one of the Yellow Submarine’s most important players spoke to www.fcbarcelona.cat to discuss his side’s good form and the threat that the league leaders pose among other topics who had a spell at Barça’s La Masia in 2007/08 believes Barça are currently the most fearsome side in Europe but is confident of his team’s chances when they square up in Week 30 of La Liga With Villarreal qualifying for the quarter finals of the Europa League We are going into the game with great enthusiasm We need points as we are in the fight for fourth place Now comes the toughest opponent and it is a game in which getting the points will be very important You said that Barça is the toughest opponent To go 38 matches unbeaten speaks for itself But we have a lot of enthusiasm playing at home and we will put up a fight You were unable to play at Camp Nou this season but you have tasted victory against Barça before they always have top players in each position It is always nice to take on these players but I have had the fortune of winning against them too Who is the most dangerous Barça player You never know which way he is going to go He is the player who requires the most attention but going 14 matches unbeaten but in recent weeks you have drawn once and lost twice We knew that the game against Sevilla would be very important to maintain our advantage over them but we were unable to do so And against Las Palmas we also had a bad time We know that the fight for fourth will be tough but we believe we can ultimately achieve it How do you rate the performances of your teammates and former Barça duo Denis Suárez and Jonathan Dos Santos They are performing well and are helping the team to towards our objectives They are players who are enjoying minutes in the first team how do you feel now that you are a key component of a team fighting for fourth place in the league and the Europa League title I am very proud and I know it is very difficult to be in a team that is pushing for a Champions League spot I feel very proud but now we must continue going forward After serving as Chairman of the DeKalb County Democratic Party for the last six years Jordan Wilkins has decided not to seek another term passed the gavel to his successor Billie Ann Tubbs-Trigueros on Saturday August 28 at the bi-annual re-organizational convention at the DeKalb County High School After the meeting was called to order Chair Wilkins read a prepared statement to the body announcing his decision for the first time “I want to begin by thanking everyone that has attended our convention this morning Over the past six years it has been one of the greatest honors of my life to serve as Chair of the DeKalb County Democratic Party I have enjoyed it and I have made many friends during this time Some of our party’s accomplishments during my time as Chair include creating new bylaw requirements to ensure that every county commission district had equal gender representation on the executive committee we expanded the executive committee to include someone from each precinct and included ethno-racial diversity to ensure that every group in this county has a voice at our leadership table I had the privilege of recommending four different women to serve on the DeKalb County Election Commission: Mrs the first African American to serve as commissioner the first person from the Alexandria community to serve as commissioner These appointments were instrumental in their own way and I am proud of the work each of them has done to represent our party Last but not least I am extremely proud of the diverse range of progressive candidates we have recruited to run for office over the years Before I became involved there was only one Democratic woman serving locally in elected office I am so thankful to everyone who has stepped up over the years and volunteered their time to help elect Democrats.” “Being Chair of a political party is very time intensive I have always tried to make all Democrats feel welcome and involve as many people in party activities as possible Today begins a new era for DeKalb County Democrats I am very optimistic about the future of the party and I look forward to assisting party leaders in an advisory role as they work to elect progressive champions up and down the ballot A lot has changed during the past eight months of my life and it has come to a point in my life where I must focus more of my attention on my career After much thought I have decided that I will not seek re-election today I will continue to be very much involved with the Democratic Party as I will be seeking re-election this fall as Chairman of the Tennessee Democratic County Chairs Association which allows me a seat on the Tennessee Democratic Party State Executive Committee I appreciate all the support I have received over the years and I hope that support continues for our new Chair,” said Wilkins Tubbs-Trigueros’ election is historic becoming the first African American to Chair a political party in DeKalb County Tennessee Democrats elected Hendrell Remus as the first African American to Chair a state political party Remus was the keynote speaker at the bi-annual re-organizational convention on Saturday Meanwhile in addition to Chair Tubbs-Trigueros others elected to positions on the Executive Committee for 2021-2023 are as follows: Additional Precinct Chairs may be appointed by the Executive Committee this fall after redistricting is completed News Feed Metrics details Offspring size is a key trait for understanding the reproductive ecology of species yet studies addressing the ecological meaning of offspring size have so far been limited to macro-organisms We consider this a missed opportunity in microbial ecology and provide what we believe is the first formal study of offspring-size variation in microbes using reproductive models developed for macro-organisms We mapped the entire distribution of fungal spore size in the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (subphylum Glomeromycotina) and tested allometric expectations of this trait to offspring (spore) output and body size Our results reveal a potential paradox in the reproductive ecology of AM fungi: while large spore-size variation is maintained through evolutionary time (independent of body size) increases in spore size trade off with spore output parental mycelia of large-spored species produce fewer spores and thus may have a fitness disadvantage compared to small-spored species The persistence of the large-spore strategy despite this apparent fitness disadvantage suggests the existence of advantages to large-spored species that could manifest later in fungal life history we consider that solving this paradox opens the door to fruitful future research establishing the relationship between offspring size and other AM life history traits probably because the macro-fungi are more easily directly observed taking into account the particularities of the microbial world would provide researchers a chance to rethink It is possible that theories developed as a result of exclusively and carefully studying plants and animals are not applicable to the entire tree of life we (1) summarize the currently scattered information on AM fungal spore variation; (2) map the phylogenetic distribution of AM fungal spore size; and (3) interpret the ecological meaning of this variation testing two cornerstone concepts in reproductive ecology: the trade-off with spore output and correlations with other life history traits we show how reproductive ecological theory can be used to understand the ecology and evolution of microorganisms R is the spore output (the number of spores produced in a given amount of time); A is the total amount of resources that a fungal species allocates to spore production; W0 is the size of an individual spore of the species; and b is the scaling factor in the relationship The second cornerstone concept we test is the allometric scaling of reproductive traits (W0, spore size and R, spore output) to total body size (fungal biomass produced). As seen in mammals and plants, this scaling also follows a power function of the form (Eq. 2): each AM fungal species correspond to a unique spore size (volume) entry (except for six dimorphic species in the Ambisporaceae that have two different entries corresponding to each of their distinct spore types we added sequence information for another 67 species for a total of 148 species which represent 50% of all species in the trait dataset we selected the sequence with the fewest gaps and ambiguous bases (N) for each species The resulting alignment was visually inspected and sequences that did not align were reverse complimented and aligned again We removed three species since their sequences were too short and contained mostly highly variable regions Total mass allocated to reproduction (A) = spore output (R) * spore size (W0) which reports egg volume data for species belonging to all extant orders of birds and is based on digital images of eggs present in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (University of California Berkeley) database (1400 species) (see reference for details on data extraction and volume calculations) Doing so allowed us to determine whether the trade-off is the result of strong physical constraints acting on each species independently—regardless of their phylogenetic relatedness—or if it is a trait covariation pattern that resulted from limited evolutionary events that have been retained through lineages in the phylogeny Comparison of offspring size variation across different taxa Violin plots for comparison of the variation in propagule (offspring) size among AM fungi (294 species) with other common soil fungi in the Ascomycota (360 species); angiosperms (34390 species) and birds (1400 species) Each dot represents a species; violin plot width represents the data density at each level of offspring size and lines within the plots depict the median and the first and third quartiles Each jittered dot represents an individual species (Paraglomeraceae = 4 species and Archaeosporaceae = 3 species); violin plot width represents the data density at each level of offspring size Different color points indicate different host species (red: Plantago lanceolata or trade-offs elsewhere in fungal life history equalize the fitness differences several selection pressures can be hypothesized for the maintenance of this variation such as selective predation and dispersal or spore size-dependent germination and early colonization on heterogeneous environments and survival rates of offspring through lifespan (from dispersion to establishment as an adult) If this pattern holds true across a wider range of taxa both large- and small-spored species could have similar spore outputs in their entire lifetimes which would cancel out the trade-offs we show here that looked at spore production in a given window of time showed that germlings from the species with the largest spore clearly outcompeted the others In neither of the studies was spore size even considered as a factor explaining the competitive outcomes despite the fact that in the in vitro study (two-species competition) the winning species had spores three times larger than the loser; while in the pot experiment (three species) the winning species had spores three to nine times larger than the other two competitors proposed that the spore content of plant pathogenic fungi is the result of evolution to differences in host infection strategies: resources present in large spores reflected infection of healthy hosts while species with small spores would be restricted to infect senescent or highly stressed hosts Addressing this and other unique microbial biology features will require the development of new conceptual frameworks A model for optimal offspring size in fish including live-bearing and parental effects A general model for the scaling of offspring size and adult size The evolutionary ecology of offspring size in marine invertebrates The relationship between offspring size and fitness: integrating theory and empiricism Highly fecund mothers sacrifice offspring survival to maximize fitness Egg size and offspring quality: a meta-analysis in birds Evolutionary ecology of progeny size in arthropods Seedling survival and seed size: a synthesis of the literature The genetical evolution of social behaviour Constraints on the adult-offspring size relationship in protists Spore wall traits of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic agarics may mirror their distinct lifestyles Measuring ectomycorrhizal fungal dispersal: macroecological patterns driven by microscopic propagules Microbial biogeography: putting microorganisms on the map Evolutionary history of mycorrhizal symbioses and global host plant diversity The optimal balance between size and number of offspring An evidence-based consensus for the classification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) Biochemistry of ungerminated and germinated spores of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus caledonius: changes in neutral and polar lipids DNA-based species level detection of Glomeromycota: one PCR primer set for all arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Phylogenetic reference data for systematics and phylotaxonomy of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from phylum to species level MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment interactive sequence choice and visualization RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models Does percent root length colonization and soil hyphal length reflect the extent of colonization for all AMF Taxonomic basis for variation in the colonization strategy of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Do arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi recover from soil disturbance differently Ergosterol and fatty acids for biomass estimation of mycorrhizal fungi Ergosterol and mycorrhizal fungi – the way forward Buoyant densities and dry-matter contents of microorganisms: conversion of a measured biovolume into biomass The use of phospholipid and neutral lipid fatty acids to estimate biomass of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil Inferring the historical patterns of biological evolution How to measure and test phylogenetic signal phytools: an R package for phylogenetic comparative biology (and other things) Picante: R tools for integrating phylogenies and ecology smatr 3—an R package for estimation and inference about allometric lines Bivariate line-fitting methods for allometry Small-seeded species produce more seeds per square metre of canopy per year Life history strategies in Gigasporaceae: insight from monoxenic culture Carbon metabolism in spores of the arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus intraradices as revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Storage and secretion processes in the spore of Gigaspora margarita Becker & Hall as revealed by high-pressure freezing and freeze substitution Cytochemical and biochemical observations on the cell wall of the spore ofGlomus epigaeum Wall texture in the spore of a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Localization of β (1→3) glucans in spore and hyphal walls of fungi in the Glomales Localization of β (1–3) glucan in walls of the endomycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae (Nicol & Trappe during colonization of host roots Presymbiotic versus symbiotic phase in arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 1999 Functional distinctiveness of major plant lineages Conservatism and diversification of plant functional traits: evolutionary rates versus phylogenetic signal Use of vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizal roots intraradical vesicles and extraradical vesicles as inoculum Colonization of roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi using different sources of inoculum Seeds: the ecology of regeneration in plant communities Gone with the wind – a review on basidiospores of lamellate agarics Detection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores in the air across different biomes and ecoregions Seasonal dispersal of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by spiny rats in a neotropical forest Spore germination and pre-symbiotic mycelial growth Arbuscular mycorrhizas: physiology and function Ingestion of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae and spores by soil microarthropods Intense competition between arbuscular mycorrhizal mutualists in an in vitro root microbiome negatively affects total fungal abundance Are there benefits of simultaneous root colonization by different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Cell size distributions of soil bacterial and archaeal taxa Optimizing optical flow cytometry for cell volume-based sorting and analysis Cell-size maintenance: universal strategy revealed Ectomycorrhizal fungi have larger fruit bodies than saprotrophic fungi Heritable variation and mechanisms of inheritance of spore shape within a population of Scutellospora pellucida Ecological understanding of root-infecting fungi using trait-based approaches Branching out: towards a trait-based understanding of fungal ecology FUNGuild: an open annotation tool for parsing fungal community datasets by ecological guild Deployment of reproductive resources by plant-pathogenic fungi: an application of EJ Salisbury’s generalization for flowering plants Download references All authors contributed during the conception of this study CAA-T created the spore database and tested allometric relationships with input from WKC CAA-T was partly funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research BMBF within the Collaborative Project “Bridging in Biodiversity Science − BIBS” (funding number 01LC1501A-H) and the Alexander von Humboldt Research Alumni Program of the Freie Universität Berlin The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-018-0314-7 a shareable link is not currently available for this article Access to health is especially challenging for persons with deafblindness To advance health equity for deafblind people there is a need for models of care which are inclusive and people-centred and consider the provision of care from the user perspective a person who is deafblind describes his experience with health care and the “invisibility” that the community face It is not the medical care that concerns him as much the communication Normally I use interpreters to communicate directly with physicians so the interpreter guides me around to where the services are,” explained Trigueros who was born deaf and\r\n later lost his sight.  communication is possible using a laptop with a braille keyboard Health professionals usually want to work quickly and even in conversations with his interpreters they\r\n can be impatient.  I have been told: ‘I don’t have time to assist you’,” said Trigueros speaking through an interpreter using a tactile sign language “It makes my day when there’s no problem.\r\n But generally speaking a doctor did not take the time to explain what drugs he needed to take and when I had to find someone else to help me,” said Trigueros who is president of European\r\n Deafblind and FASOCIDE the Federation of Associations of Deafblind people in Spain.  the reality is that the health system and government simply overlook the deafblind community when restrictions on movement failed to consider the needs of the deafblind community Forced\r\n isolation was a devastating setback to their independence given their need for interpreters to communicate and move around the community As they communicate through hand-over-hand signing physical distancing effectively cut off communication “We faced opposition to get interpreters There was no understanding from health services or the public sector,” he said “Interpreters were not even allowed in the emergency room [due to COVID-19 restrictions] even though we tried to explain we need them we had to explain who they are and why we need them.”  but the community cannot rely on “people’s good will” he said adding it was “nerve-wracking” not to have the security of being able to communicate.  “The need for interpreters was not thought of in the Covid-19 protocol We should have been contemplated in the rules to begin with.” Deafblind organizations had to protest that they had been “forgotten” as they\r\n have done on many other occasions previously communicating with an interpreter using hand-over-hand signing The system “does not care enough” Frank said that one example of how the community gets forgotten is the government’s health card – it does not state that a person is deafblind although the card states other disabilities on it Because his disability is not\r\n recorded in the system Trigueros sometimes gets calls from health centres.  I'm asking for a line on a card that would save me a lot of trouble I don't think it's much to ask,” he said adding that he was told that the software to produce the card did\r\n not allow for it. \r\n “It shouldn’t be that difficult to put right The system just does not care enough.” He said people who are deafblind were also not properly informed about COVID-19 restrictions or the virus during the pandemic “We had to do their work of [the government of] informing [deafblind] people I know of many who live\r\n alone and didn’t know about the virus,” he said adding that the capacity of the non-profit organization he worked in was limited Aside from the invisibility of the community and the lack of understanding another issue is funding for interpreters for deafblind people which is limited and uneven across the country although funding is available for people with other\r\n disabilities We need to have agency in our lives,” said Trigueros.  He added that he was “lucky” because he had a family “There are [deafblind] people who do not have family Imagine the lives of those who are live alone…,” he said it was difficult to find a suitable professional with the knowledge needed to help them.  A version of this story first appeared in the WHO Global report on health equity for persons with disabilities. A version of this story first appeared in the WHO Global report on health equity for persons with disabilities. El Salvador became the first country to introduce bitcoin as legal tender after swift approval of the law only three months prior and international capital markets have not received the news well and are concerned that the costs of this monetary experiment will exceed the potential benefits If there are any lessons from this monetary experiment El Salvador is a good example on how not to adopt a cryptocurrency as a legal tender The use of digital currencies as a legal tender can only be achieved through multilateral cooperation instead of one country attempting it on its own Bitcoin became legal tender on September 7 due to the coup in the Constitutional Court on May 1 the EMBI for El Salvador jumped above ten by September 2021 (see chart below) suggesting a lack of confidence in the country’s sovereign debt Within the first fifty days of Bitcoin’s introduction as El Salvador’s legal tender several operational and regulatory failures appeared to implement bitcoin as a legal tender the government had to create in a short period of time a digital wallet—software that stores user information and holdings of currencies—called Chivo Wallet the Chivo Wallet’s system crashed several times It was easy for many individuals to unlawfully use the Unique Identification Card numbers of thousands of citizens to steal the $30 subsidy offered by the government since the Chivo Wallet is not able to validate identities with initial investment capital of $150 million transferred by the Ministry of Finance to warrant the bitcoin held in the Chivo Wallet and finance the $30 subsidy for each individual The government promises to maintain sufficient funds so that anyone who wants to exchange Bitcoin for dollars can do so at any time These measures were taken to promote public acceptance of Bitcoin all costs involved in operating and managing the system will be supported by taxpayer’s money 89.8 percent of firms declared that they did not have any sales with bitcoin and 76.9 percent of consumers did not make any purchases with bitcoin investors are concerned about the implications of the bitcoin law on debt sustainability in El Salvador The adoption of Bitcoin as a legal tender took everybody except for the small group of individuals involved in the design by surprise The implementation of the Bitcoin Law was tainted by lack of public debate; lack of feedback from monetary policy experts and multilateral organizations; and lack of transparency it is necessary to reform the law so that bitcoin is voluntary rather than mandatory and is not as vulnerable to abuses such as the payment of salaries or pensions as well as ensuring that there is real training in the use of virtual assets it is necessary to bring key stakeholders to this conversation and to make the system more transparent; for instance publishing detailed financial information on the use of public funds for the operation of the Chivo Wallet availability of reserves backing up users’ balances There should be a more inclusive discussion regarding the legislation that has to be approved for the implementation of bitcoin as legal tender Alvaro Trigueros-Argüello is the Director of the Department of Economic Studies at the Salvadoran Foundation for Social and Economic Development (FUSADES) in Development Economics from Vanderbilt University and a Licenciate in Economics from Universidad Centroamericana José Simeón Cañas in El Salvador Marjorie Chorro de Trigueros is the Director of the Department of Legal Studies at FUSADES She is Attorney of Law and was part of the negotiating team of El Salvador for the Dominican Republic Central American Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA) with The United States She is Fellow of the Central American Prosperity Project at the George W and a Fellow of the Central American Leadership Initiative of the Aspen Global Leadership Network Image Credit: Flickr; Jernej Furman; Creative Commons 2.0 Generic License Football is one of the mirrors through which Spanish political polarization can be better understood. Despite the best efforts of political parties based in Madrid to construct a narrative that… The assassination of former Prime Minister Shinzō Abe exposed unexpected ties between the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the Unification Church, a global religious organization founded in South… The Maijuna-Kichwa Regional Conservation Area (MKRCA), collaboratively managed by local Indigenous communities in the Peruvian Amazon, exemplifies conservation success. However, the area is under threat by a proposed highway development… Armstrong Williams takes on the news of the week and asks the questions you want answered. Don’t miss our weekly town hall. One year later: Foley family remembers father they lost during Hurricane Sallyby Laura Barczewski FOLEY, Ala. — This week is the anniversary of Hurricane Sally and we are taking a look back at one of the hardest-hit areas, Foley. A Foley man lost his life during clean up when a tree came crashing down. That tree changed the Trigueros family forever. A lot has changed in a year but they say it feels like it was just yesterday when they lost Joel Trigueros. Hurricane Sally ripped through the Foley community tearing apart homes and snapping trees, one year later they’re still recovering. “Mostly, maybe mostly but there’s still some affected,” Alice Trigueros said. Alice Trigueros says it was early on in the morning of September 16th when she and her husband Joel, who own a landscaping company, started helping the neighborhood clean up. Joel was cutting up a tree blocking the road and in a matter of seconds it came crashing down. “When he got up there, it gave way it fell on him,” Trigueros said. It took several people and a chainsaw to get the tree off of him. “He grabbed my hand and looked me in my eyes and he told me, ‘I’m gonna die’ and I didn’t believe him. I didn’t know so I just said, ‘No you’re not don’t talk like that,” Trigueros said. Their daughter, Arianna, saw the tree fall on her dad. Joel died at the hospital later that night and the family is still grieving today. “I’ll never get to see my dad again or talk to him,” Arianna Trigueros said. The home the Trigueros family built a life was sold by the landlord and now they are searching for a new home, one where they might feel a little less pain. “I’ve got to move forward. I got to stay strong. I got to teach my kids without him so I want to stay strong. He’d always say either you teach your kids or the world will so I don’t want the world teaching my kids I want to do it so I want to stay strong and show them you can do anything,” Trigueros said. Alice says the kids, Arianna and Joel Junior, are doing their best and honoring their dad every day. “How he played the drums, he played by ear and I think my dad would have really liked me to play the saxophone in the band at school,” Arianna said. As for the landscaping company, Alice says she’s been able to do a few jobs on her own but it’s been hard to do without him. They’re taking on these challenges one day at a time. “I didn’t want to think of it like a new beginning but what’s the name of my landscaping company? New Beginnings Landscaping. Did he pick the right name or what?” Trigueros said. On the anniversary of Joel’s death this Thursday the Trigueros family plans to send letters to heaven to remember him. The family is setting up a Go Fund Me to help with finding a new house we will post the link when we get it. One of the biggest challenges facing students today is procrastination, which is closely related to stress, anxiety and, in the most severe cases, depression. The aim of the present study is to analyze the influence of academic self-regulation on procrastination, academic anxiety and stress, academic resilience and academic performance. The sample consisted of 991 high school students aged between 16 and 19 years (M = 17.25; SD = 3.45). A structural equation model was used to analyze the relationship between the study variables. Analyzes showed that academic self-regulation negatively predicted procrastination. In turn, procrastination positively predicted academic stress and anxiety. However, resilience exerted a protective influence by being positively related to academic stress and anxiety. Finally, resilience positively predicted academic performance, whereas stress and anxiety negatively predicted academic performance. Thus, the importance of generating strategies for students to learn to self-regulate in academic contexts, manage emotions, foster motivation and develop strategies to help them overcome the vicissitudes they face is emphasized. Volume 14 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1073529 This article is part of the Research TopicEducation and Social FactorsView all 33 articles Introduction: One of the biggest challenges facing students today is procrastination The aim of the present study is to analyze the influence of academic self-regulation on procrastination academic resilience and academic performance Method: The sample consisted of 991 high school students aged between 16 and 19 years (M = 17.25; SD = 3.45) A structural equation model was used to analyze the relationship between the study variables Results: Analyzes showed that academic self-regulation negatively predicted procrastination procrastination positively predicted academic stress and anxiety resilience exerted a protective influence by being positively related to academic stress and anxiety resilience positively predicted academic performance whereas stress and anxiety negatively predicted academic performance the importance of generating strategies for students to learn to self-regulate in academic contexts foster motivation and develop strategies to help them overcome the vicissitudes they face is emphasized the present study aims to analyze the effect of academic self-regulation on procrastination Although numerous studies have focused on the effects of self-regulated learning, finding that it has a positive influence on the ability to learn how to learn (Wibrowski et al., 2017), self-efficacy (Kandemir, 2014) and in addition, students with high self-regulation skills were also found to make greater use of metacognitive and repetition strategies, as opposed to procrastination (Wolters et al., 2017) studies that have analyzed the effect of academic self-regulation have mainly been related to positive or negative factors but have not explored the relationship between these variables as mediated by a negative factor studies on procrastination in education are mostly descriptive and unidirectional it is necessary to analyze the role of academic procrastination as a mediator of learning processes and to take into account its influence on negative and positive factors focused on students’ learning processes Studies related to resilience have shown that this construct is related to academic performance, as a protective factor against negative emotions, motivation and internal well-being. Despite these studies, academic resilience is a recent construct and there are important gaps on how it can be affected by students’ cognitive characteristics and decisions (Cassidy, 2016) the aim of the present study is to analyze the influence of academic self-regulation on procrastination These relationships will be analyzed through a structural equation model where the protective influence of resilience against stress procrastination and anxiety will be observed The hypothesis put forward in the study is as follows: (H1) academic self-regulation will negatively predict procrastination; (H2) procrastination will positively predict academic stress and anxiety; (H3) academic resilience will negatively predict academic stress and anxiety it will positively predict academic performance; (H4) academic stress and anxiety will negatively predict academic performance The sample consisted of 991 high school students (563 boys and 428 girls) aged between 16 and 19 years (M = 17.25; SD = 3.45) These participants belonged to several public schools in the province of Almeria (Spain) siguiendo un maestro no probabilistico inferencial ya que no todos los centros educativos mostraron su conformidad para que los estudiantes participaran en el estudio and they did not receive any incentive for their collaboration The G*Power programe was used to calculate the sample size and check the statistical power of the study. For all calculations an α = 0.05 and a statistical power (1 - β) = 0.80 was considered. The algorithm of O’Brien and Shieh (1999) was used Academic Self-Regulation. The self-regulated learning questionnaire by Torre (2007) was used This questionnaire consists of 20 items represented by four factors: active metacognitive awareness (6 items; e.g “When I start to study I am clear about when and why I should study in one way and when and why I should use a different strategy”) control and verification by the student (7 items; e.g I try to identify things and concepts that I do not understand well”) daily effort in completing tasks (4 items; e.g I check my notes to make sure that I understand the information and that everything is in order,” and active processing during class (3 items; e.g I frequently check if I am understanding what the teacher is explaining”) with responses ranging from 1 (nothing to do with me) to 5 (I am like that) The Irrational Procrastination Scale (IPS) by Steel (2010) was used, specifically the Spanish version (Guilera et al., 2018) composed of 9 items with 5 response options on a Likert-type scale (1 = never; 5 = very often) that assess the frequency with which irrational delay in tasks occurs as a result of procrastination (“My life would be better if I had done some activities or tasks earlier”) This tool has adequate psychometric properties (Alpha coefficient above 0.90) Academic Stress. The Spanish version (Espejo et al., 2011) validated from the Student Stress Inventory (SSI; Fimian et al., 1989) was used The SSI is composed of a total of 22 items divided into three factors: physiological (6 items) “I have itching all over my body”) emotional (10 items) (e.g. “I feel overwhelmed”) and behavioral (6 items) (e.g. “I neglect my friends”) with Likert-type response options ranging from not at all (1) to strongly agree (5) The internal consistency alpha coefficient values found are 0.79 for the emotional manifestations factor 0.62 for physiological manifestations and 0.66 for behavioral manifestations so it has an appropriate internal consistency Academic Resilience. The Spanish version of Trigueros et al. (2020) was used, validated from the Academic Resilience Scale of Cassidy (2016) The scale consists of 30 items divided into three factors: reflexivity and adaptive help-seeking (9 items; e.g “I would seek support from my family and friends”) perseverance (14 items; “I would use the situation to motivate myself”; “I would not change my long-term goals and ambitions”) and negative affect and emotional response (7 items; “I would start to think that my chances of success at university were low”; “I would probably get depressed”) with responses ranging from 1 (Likely) to 5 (Unlikely) The results of the internal consistency analysis showed reliability values above 0.80 Academic Anxiety. The Spanish version of Sesé et al. (2010) validated from The Test Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, 1980) was used distributed in 4 factors: emotionality (8 items; e.g “I worry about the exam grade”) “I think about anything and I get distracted”) and lack of confidence (6 items; e.g with responses ranging from 1 (almost never) to 4 (almost always) In order to analyze the performance of secondary school students the average grade of all subjects at the end of the academic year was taken into consideration the grades were distributed as follows: 5 (outstanding) The present study is endorsed by the scientific bioethics committee of the University of Almeria (Reference: UAL/BIO 213/2020) a member of the research group contacted the management teams of several schools to request their collaboration explaining the objectives of the study beforehand those students whose schools agreed to participate in the study were informed of the objectives They were given an informed consent form to be signed by their parents/legal guardians if they wished to participate in the study and after this process a total of 991 students took part The questionnaires were completed by the students first thing in the morning on an individual basis and in writing emphasizing that the answers would be anonymous and confidential A member of the research group was present to answer any questions they might have The questionnaires took around 30 min to complete Several analyzes were carried out in this study: descriptive statistical analysis (mean, standard deviation and Pearson’s bivariate correlations), reliability analysis through Cronbach’s alpha and a structural equation model to analyze the predictive relationships established in Figure 1 For the various statistical analyzes carried out in this study the SPSS v25 and AMOS v20 statistical packages were used Structural equation model showing the relationships between variables *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 these indices should be taken into account with some caution as they are restrictive if the model is very complex Table 1 shows the mean, standard deviation and bivariate correlations. The correlations reflected a positive valence between related factors such as self-regulation, resilience and academic performance, and on the other hand between stress, anxiety and procrastination. In contrast, the correlation was negative between the two groups. In addition, Table 2 shows the reliability analyzes with all scores above 0.80 and kurtosis values were not greater than 3 Before testing the hypothesized model, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted for each of the scales used. The data revealed (Table 3) that each of the scales had acceptable fit indices, taking into account the fit indices described by Hair et al. (2006) Once the CFAs were conducted, the hypothesized model of predictive relationships was tested on secondary school students (Figure 1) which revealed the following fit indices: χ2 (371 N = 991) = 894.63 p < 0.001; χ2/df = 2.41; CFI = 0.96; IFI = 0.96; TLI = 0.96 RMSEA = 0.053 (95% CI = 0.052–0.059); SRMR = 0.041 The relationships obtained between the different factors comprising the model are described as follows: (H1) Academic self-regulation was negatively related to irrational procrastination (β = −0.61 (H2) Irrational procrastination was positively related to academic anxiety (β = 0.66 p < 0.001) and academic stress (β = 0.27 (H3) Academic Resilience was negatively related to academic anxiety (β = −0.32 p < 0.005) and academic stress (β = −0.58 (H4) Academic performance was negatively predicted by academic anxiety (β = −0.43 p < 0.01) and academic stress (β = −0.57 academic performance was positively predicted by academic resilience (β = 0.46 The aim of this study was to analyze students’ behaviors related to academic self-regulation These factors were taken into account as determinants toward the predictability of academic performance which could ultimately lead to school dropout hence the importance of working on the prevention of such behaviors For the effective development of resilience in the individual he or she must manage the adversity factors related to social disintegration negative thinking and the absence of effective participation in the events present in his or her life suggest the need to train teachers in the practice of innovative cognitive learning strategies promoting support strategies that promote emotional balance to carry out coexistence between teachers and students that promote an increase in self-esteem the need to incorporate elements focused on emotional regulation It could be a good initiative to include cross-curricular programes on emotional learning and management and mindfulness there are a number of limitations to be taken into account: firstly which implies the absence of manipulation of variables so that the causal relationship between the factors studied could go in both directions and not only in the one indicated in the proposed model it would be interesting to replicate this study using a longitudinal methodology that would allow us to confirm the proposed relationships and the specific weight of each variable in subsequent academic performance It is also convenient to take into consideration the small sample size and the non-random sampling so it would be interesting to observe what happens in a larger sample obtained by random sampling the model seems to show good robustness and generalisability The data analyzed in this study is subject to the following licenses/restrictions: We do not have the permission of the participants to disclose the database. 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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) *Correspondence: Ruben Trigueros, ✉ cnRyMDg4QHVhbC5lcw== Villarreal midfielder has been an unsung hero in recent years Manu Trigueros is wildly underappreciated, not just as a player but as a part of the fabric of Villarreal Today he celebrates ten years as a part of our club and I hope he is around for many years to come Diez años en este maravilloso club.Endavant Villarreal. https://t.co/EHQZdB1mNO It has been too often forgotten in the last few weeks that before Santi Cazorla came back from Arsenal it was Trigueros who 67 league matches in the previous two campaigns (where we finished 5th both times) He’s an extremely good La Liga level central midfielder and I am sure he is well aware of this fact yet he was willing to sacrifice playing time to make way for a club legend to return many players in the modern game would never have done this That sort of self sacrifice shows a love for the club that deserves the undying affection of the fanbase Since helping us regain our rightful place in Primera during the 2012-2013 season he has been a constant in a shifting sea of players and managers so we could be seeing a player that spends a total of fifteen years or more at Villarreal he will probably be asked to step up and start the majority of matches again but with the needs in defensive midfield and center back I do not see us bringing in a creative midfielder who is better than Manu Trigueros I look forward to seeing him on the pitch even more in 2020-2021 Print Most of us know what Día de Muertos is but are unfamiliar with the history behind the tradition that is now celebrated each year Being aware of the history is just as important as the festivities I have learned more about our ancestors and how the conquista really changed what could have been a different future for us Kimberly Trigueros is a Chicana illustrator and mother from Southern California (WPMI) — Alice Trigueros says she and her husband were busy helping their neighbors get a tree off the road and in just a few minutes their lives were instantly changed forever when part of the tree came crashing down The Trigueros family held each other tight as Hurricane Sally ripped through their Foley neighborhood “We didn’t think it was going to be serious We woke up about 3 o’clock Wednesday morning and the power was out Trigueros said she and her husband Joel have a landscaping business and were up early Wednesday morning when he decided to help clear away a large tree blocking Helton Drive so he stopped to help and him and another guy -- they helped me get the trunk off of him We had to saw it a little more because it was so heavy the three of us together could not pick it up,” Trigueros said After neighbors and others lifted the tree off of Joel They did everything they could to bring him back and he didn’t make it,” Trigueros said She said she was with Joel every second that she could be and had no idea this would be how they say goodbye “I am thankful that I got to be there with him but while he was on the ground and I was beside him That was the best ‘I love you’ and ‘goodbye’ I could ever get,” Trigueros said She said Joel meant the world to his family and his community Their son said his dad was his favorite person and did everything he could to prepare him for life “He was the best father anyone could have,” Trigueros said Alice said she and Joel had been married for 12 years We did everything together,” Trigueros said as people continue to clean up the damage Hurricane Sally left behind be really careful because it can happen to anyone in a blink of an eye,” Trigueros said If you’d like to help the Trigueros family there is now a GoFundMe page online where they are taking donations. Volume 10 - 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02794 According to various studies and the Cambridge University Student Barometer Spanish students have the worst academic results in mathematics and English among the European Union countries The objective of this study has been to analyze the influence of the teacher on motivation and the academic performance of the students in those classes We analyzed responses from 604 students of English and 547 students of mathematics The teacher plays a relevant role in the motivation and emotions generated in the students issues that determine decision making in the students’ learning and academic performance it is necessary to analyze the emotional and motivational processes inherent to the students toward math and English classes as well as the influence on learning strategies and academic achievement it is believed that the role the teacher adopts could influence the development of the students’ psychological needs (PNs) in a significant way positive emotions would influence the intrinsic motivation when a certain task is completed successfully or when positive expectations increase motivation to favor implementation and further performance The studies so far existing (Trigueros and Navarro, 2019) have made special reference to the adoption of positive adaptive behaviors generated by classes in relation to students focusing especially on the main objective set by Organic Law 8/2013 (LOMCE) which is the adoption of adaptative habits outside school the LOMCE promotes interdisciplinary learning of the different subjects belonging to the curriculum So the adoption of certain learning strategies of students can be used in one or several subjects in order that they can achieve the educational objective students may have the belief that they are going to have to take a very easy exam they may have the feeling that the exam may be more difficult than they originally believed so they decide to modify the way they study in order to face the exam with guarantee the control strategies perceived by students were related to less motivation and vague academic expectations predicted academic achievement and performance The objective of this research has been to analyze how the teacher’s role influences the students’ emotional and motivational processes and their consequences regarding the use of metacognition strategies and academic performance. Two studies have been designed with independent samples, covering the entire secondary school, one for English language learners and the other for math students, posing the following hypotheses (see Figures 1, 2): Of structural equations showing the relationships between the different variables All parameters are standardized and statistically significant (1) The support perceived by students regarding their autonomy would positively predict PN satisfaction and negatively predict PN thwarting the psychological control perceived would act inversely on satisfaction and thwarting (3) PN satisfaction would positively predict academic motivation and positive emotions (4) PN thwarting would negatively predict both academic motivation and positive emotions (5) Positive emotions would positively predict academic motivation (6) Academic motivation would positively predict metacognition strategies and academic performance (7) Metacognition strategies would positively predict academic performance aged between 13 and 19 years (M = 15.73; SD = 1.30) the math study involved 547 students (289 boys and 258 girls) aged between 13 and 19 years (M = 15.94; SD = 1.31) the entire secondary education is encompassed The groups were from different compulsory secondary education centers in Almeria Province The inclusion criteria for the studies were voluntary participation and written informed consent given by parents (given the participants were under age) A short version of the Teacher as Social Context Questionnaire (TASC; Belmont et al., 1988) was used A scale consisting of eight items that assessed a single factor in perceived autonomy support (e.g. my teacher listens to my ideas) was scored using a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (completely disagree) to 7 (completely agree) The psychologically controlling teaching scale (PCTS; Soenens et al., 2012) was used, in a version validated and adapted by Trigueros et al. (2020) for the physical education (PE) context only the word physical education was replaced with either English or math (in each case) with the heading “My teacher of English or mathematics.” (depending on the study) This scale consisted of seven items with a single factor responded to with a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (totally disagree) to 5 (totally agree) The version used by Menéndez and Fernández-Rio (2018) was validated and adapted to the Spanish PE context from Basic PNs in PE (BPN-PE; Vlachopoulos et al., 2011) and four items corresponding to relatedness only the word physical education was replaced by either English or math (in each case) The scale was preceded with the heading “In my English or math classes.” (depending on the student sample) The responses were collected on a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (totally disagree) to 7 (totally agree) This is part of the version adapted to the Spanish PE (Trigueros et al., 2019d) context from the Scale of PNs Frustration in physical exercise (EFNP; Sicilia et al., 2013) The scale was composed of a total of 12 items divided equally into three factors (autonomy only the word physical education was replaced by English or math (in each case) The scale was preceded with the heading “In my English or math classes” (depending on the study) The Emotions State in PE Classes questionnaire was used (Trigueros et al., 2019a) The questionnaire’s header was adapted to the context of the two samples The scale consisted of a total of 32 items distributed among the eight factors – four being negative (e.g. making use of the items referencing these last factors Students had to respond to questions on a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (totally disagree) to 7 (totally agree) The version used was validated and adapted from the Academic Self-Regulation Scale (Vansteenkiste et al., 2009) to the Spanish context by Trigueros et al. (2019b) grouped into six factors that measured intrinsic motivation The students responded using a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (not true at all) to 7 (totally true) The relative autonomy index (RAI) was used to evaluate academic motivation. RAI was calculated as recommended by Vallerand (2007) assigning a weight to each type of motivation according to its place in the motivational continuum The following formula was used to calculate the RAI: (3 × Intrinsic Mot.) + (2 × Integrated Reg.) + (1 × Identified Reg.) − (1 × Introjected Reg.) − (2 × External Reg.) − (3 × Amotivation) This index has proven itself to be valid and reliable in several works being used to obtain a value for quantifying the level of self-determination In order to measure the metacognition strategy, the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ; Pintrich et al., 1991) was used after being validated and adapted to the Spanish context by Roces et al. (1995) Only 12 items were used that made reference to metacognition strategies The students responded using a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (not true at all) to 5 (completely true) the grades obtained over the academic year were taken into account in the subjects of English and math The grades were distributed in the following way: 1 (fail) This study followed all procedural ethics with regard to the ethical treatment of human participants It has requested permission to conduct this study which was approved by the Bioethics Committee in Human Research of the University of Almería (Ref: UALBIO 2019/014) we have obtained written informed consent from the parents/legal guardians of all participants of the study the parents/legal guardians were informed of the objective and the procedure of this study in writing we contacted various educational centers in Almeria Province asking for permission to give the questionnaires to their students after informing them of the study objectives Then the scales were administered to the participants under the supervision of a survey expert (a member of the research group) who explained and resolved any queries that arose when filling out the questionnaires The time estimated to complete the questionnaires was around 25 min In Table 1, one can observe that the average scores for the English students were moderate. Only psychological control and PN frustration were below the questionnaire’s arithmetic mean. The same thing occurred for the math students (see Table 2) Descriptive statistics and the correlation between the English model variables Descriptive statistics and the correlation between the math model variables The reliability analysis using Cronbach’s alpha for the English students produced a value of 0.82 for perceived psychological control The reliability analysis using Cronbach’s alpha for math students produced a value of 0.96 for perceived psychological control After the Pearson correlation analysis was conducted in both studies [math students (Table 2) and English students (Table 1)] it was observed how psychological control related positively with PN thwarting and negatively for perceived autonomy support Perceived autonomy support correlated negatively with PN thwarting and positively with PN satisfaction PN thwarting correlated negatively with respect to PN satisfaction PN satisfaction correlated positively with positive emotions Positive emotions correlated positively with the RAI academic Academic motivation correlated positively with respect to the metacognition strategy and academic performance; and finally the metacognition strategy correlated positively with academic performance When the predictive relationship model hypothesized for English students was tested (Figure 1) the following fit indices were revealed: χ2(122 p < 0.001; χ2/df = 4.20; CFI = 0.95; IFI = 0.95; RMSEA = 0.073 (90% CI = 0.066–0.079); and SRMR = 0.043 The following are the relationships obtained between the different factors making up the English model (Figure 1): (a) The correlation between psychological control and support for autonomy was negative (β = −0.59 (b) Psychological control positively predicted PN thwarting (β = 0.51 negatively predicted PN satisfaction (β = −0.10 (c) Autonomy support positively predicted PN satisfaction (β = 0.75 p < 0.001) and negatively predicted PN thwarting (β = −0.19 (d) PN satisfaction positively predicted positive emotions (β = 0.70 p < 0.001) and academic motivation (β = 0.33 (e) PN thwarting negatively predicted positive emotions (β = −0.21 p < 0.001) and academic motivation (β = −0.18 (f) Positive emotions positively predicted academic motivation (β = 0.43 the metacognition strategy (β = 0.24 (g) Academic motivation positively predicted the metacognition strategy (β = 0.20 p < 0.01) and academic performance (β = 0.65 (h) The metacognition strategy positively predicted academic achievement (β = 0.30 When the predictive relationship model hypothesized for the math students was tested (Figure 2) p < 0.001; χ2/gl = 3.14; CFI = 0.97; IFI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.063 (90% CI = 0.056–0.070); SRMR = 0.047 In contrast, the relationships obtained between the different factors that make up the math model are described (Figure 2): (a) The correlation between psychological control and support for autonomy was negative (β = −0.57 (b) Psychological control positively predicted PN thwarting (β = 0.48 negatively predicted PN satisfaction (β = 0.15 (c) Support for autonomy positively predicted PN satisfaction (β = 0.75 negatively predicted PN thwarting (β = −0.21 (d) PN satisfaction positively predicted positive emotions (β = 0.63 p < 0.001) and academic motivation (β = 0.20 p < 0.001) and academic motivation (β = −0.14 (f) Positive emotions positively predicted academic motivation (β = 0.55 the metacognition strategy (β = 0.36 (g) Academic motivation positively predicted the metacognition strategy (β = 0.28 p < 0.001) and academic performance (β = 0.45 (h) The metacognition strategy positively predicted academic achievement (β = 0.61 The present study analyzes the areas of math and English – how the students’ perception of the interpersonal teaching style affects the PNs how the teacher’s role can influence the students in terms of offering them autonomy support rather than psychological control with regard to PN frustration or satisfaction as well as its effects on academic motivation and positive emotions The study considered both the positive and negative aspects that may be present in math and English classes – issues such as the teacher’s controlling style or the PN satisfaction and frustration which are frequently experienced by the students the inverse occurring in the case of PN satisfaction The present study is pioneering in jointly demonstrating the importance of the variables of emotions and the students’ attributional style in the area of math the practices derived from the study point to the need to incorporate motivational and emotional components for the training of students and teachers It is important to provide educators with information on the role of motivation and positive emotions in the success and adaptation of students in the educational context and on how to develop the internal attributional style of their pupils must provide learning environments that promote autonomy over external control When learning is achieved through procedures that support the adolescents’ involvement the sense of self-determination and understanding of the material to be learned are enhanced Teachers should accompany students in the learning process by transmitting their passion and enthusiasm for knowing promoting feelings of self-efficacy and academic self-competence as the basis for educational success This study contributes to the area of teaching a foreign language in which the motivational and attributional processes of secondary school students in that area have been taken into account valuable pedagogical implications can be deduced so that teachers can integrate into their teaching situations that favor student reflection before that teachers take into account the following: (1) The importance and impact of the classroom atmosphere affect students in their interest and motivation during instruction or class time based on the current study and what we know from previous best practice studies the following recommendations: creating an atmosphere in class that increases comfort and confidence and developing good classroom relationships and should understand students’ mistakes and doubts; likewise the teacher should try to connect and interact with students on a more personal level is another important point that affects students’ levels of commitment and motivation teachers should consider every aspect of it in relation to the impact on instruction and what takes place in class including homework and time spent on corrections (3) Students’ academic performance should be assessed by teachers in a way that can better reflect what has been taught and addressed during the regular class period rather than creating additional challenges or challenges (4) Teachers should use different expressions and vocabulary to explain which allows students to activate their previous knowledge and use it to construct and understand what is new this model helps us to understand the emotional and motivational processes that favor academic performance in the 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and Álvarez JF (2020) The Role of Perception of Support in the Classroom on the Students’ Motivation and Emotions: The Impact on Metacognition Strategies and Academic Performance in Math and English Classes Copyright © 2020 Trigueros, Aguilar-Parra, Lopez-Liria, Cangas, González and Álvarez. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) *Correspondence: José M. Aguilar-Parra, am1hZ3VpbGFyQHVhbC5lcw==; Remedios Lopez-Liria, cmxsMDQwQHVhbC5lcw==