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With the understanding that the ball is part of the Basque culture
the Basque Federation of Gipuzkoa has organized a verse session among the events to celebrate its 100th anniversary
the federation suggests that there is a natural connection between the two worlds at the press conference held to present the session: "There are many who play in verse and ball
and there are many who are fans of both the ball and the verse world." As a sign of all this
the bertsolari and the speaker who will complete the verse session in Zumarraga on April 12:
The player Jon Alberdi will be playing in Zumarraga (in the poster his brother Unai was also announced but has the match)
Jon has played until recently in the elite category and has worn a five-time inter-communal hat with the Azpeitia team
During the presentation of the program he confessed that he intermittently acts in verse when the friendly atmosphere warms up
and he is very grateful that he has had a friend who combines both the ball and the verse world in this bottling work: Iker Iriarte
who plays in verse tournaments and often plays Iñaki Artola’s bottler
the Gipuzkoa Federation explained the ball trajectory of the four bertsolaris who will sing on Saturday:
The village near Uxue Fernández belongs to Urretxu
He's been a palette ball technician in the federation for years
She is currently a ball teacher at the university’s Faculty of Sports and she did her doctoral thesis on women and ball
Maialen Lujanbio works in piles in her spare time
Asier Azpiroz is a federated pilot and former technician of the federation
Jexux Mari Irazu is the father of two young men who had been in the ball
The entrance is free and the public will take home
a souvenir that the Guipuzcoan federation has launched to celebrate its centenary
the federation thanked the institutions and companies that have supported the centennial celebrations
and especially the Zumarraga City Council and the AMPO company that have sponsored this session
highlighted in the presentation of the program the commitment of Zumarraga with the ball
as an example of which he explained the ball events that the city council has sponsored for years
He confirmed that they will continue to promote this sport in the future
Coastal waters of Zumarraga Island in the Province of Samar is now free from toxic red tide
according to an advisory issued by the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)
“It is now safe to consume all types of shellfish and Acetes sp
locally known as “Alamang or Hipon” from this area,” BFAR said in the advisory released on January 6
four areas in Eastern Visayas remain positive for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) or toxic red tide beyond the regulatory limit.
shellfish ban is still imposed in Daram Island
Samar; Matarinao Bay in Eastern Samar (General MacArthur
and Salcedo); and Biliran Island in Biliran Province,” the BFAR advisory stated
and collecting all types of shellfish and “alamang” or “hipon” from these waters are strictly prohibited.
“Anyone violating this shellfish ban will face penalties,” BFAR warned.
filtered seawater samples collected from two areas in the Province of Samar tested positive for Pyrodinium bahamense
a dinoflagellate that produces red tide toxin (Saxitoxin)
These areas are San Pedro Bay in Basey town
the public is advised to refrain from gathering
and eating all types of shellfish and Acetes sp
locally known as “alamang or hipon” from these areas to avoid possible Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning,” BFAR emphasized.
and crab from these waters are safe to consume as long as they are fresh
and their internal organs such as intestines and gills are removed and washed thoroughly,” BFAR added.
(Info courtesy: BFAR Eastern Visayas)
gmaregionaltv.com is home to the latest stories produced by news teams of GMA Regional TV from stations in key areas across the Philippines
Author Opens Bubbly Paws Dog Grooming Salon
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was born on 18 March 1925 in Pujilí (Cotopaxi)
He was ordained for the Archdiocese of Quito on 29 June 1951 and holds a doctorate in canon law from the University of Salamanca
assistant secretary of the Metropolitan Curia and professor of public ecclesiastical law at the Faculty of Jurisprudence of the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador
In 1964 he was appointed chancellor of the Curia and served as rector of Our Mother of Mercy College
On 17 May 1969 he was appointed titular Bishop of Tagarata and Auxiliary of Quito
In March 1976 he was named Apostolic Administrator of Machala and was appointed Diocesan Bishop of the same see on 30 January 1978
He was named Coadjutor Archbishop of Quito on 28 June 1980 and succeeded Cardinal Pablo Muñoz Vega on 1 June 1985
He has also served two terms as President of the Ecuadorean Episcopal Conference (1987-1993)
Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the Consistory of 21 February 2001
CNA is a service of EWTN News, Inc.
by Patti Maguire Armstrong
Featured image: Pixabay. Free for commercial use. No attribution required.
URBANA, Ill. (WICS) — The Urbana Police Department is searching for a missing teen.
On April 21, at 2:44 p.m., Urbana police responded to the 2000 Block of Country Squire for a report of a missing teenager.
Police say the teenager left the home on April 21st, around 8 a.m. intending to run an errand. The teenager never returned and his mother contacted Urbana Police Officers.
The Urbana Police Department is asking for assistance from the public in locating Tiago Zumarraga-Mosquera.
Zumarraga-Mosquera is described as a 6’01 160-pound Latino 14-year-old with black hair and brown eyes. He was last seen wearing khaki shorts and a khaki hooded sweatshirt.
Tiago may also be in possession of a red rolling suitcase and white backpack. Tiago’s speaks Spanish and limited English and is a refugee of Ecuador.
We're told Tiago did contact his mother via Facebook messenger on April 22nd at 6:00 p.m. where he informed his mother he was in the Urbana-Champaign area but refused to come home
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Volume 6 - 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00204
This article is part of the Research TopicDevelopments in Animal Health SurveillanceView all 26 articles
bovis) causes a disease referred to as bovine tuberculosis (bTB)
which affects a wide range of mammal hosts
Many countries have implemented control and eradication plans that have resulted in variable levels of efficacy and success
Although bTB is a notifiable disease in Argentina
and a control plan that targets cattle herds has been in place for decades
The aim of the paper here was to assess the sensitivity (Se)
and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of PCR from tissue
Bacteriological culture was also performed for comparison purposes
A Bayesian approach was applied to estimate the accuracy of the diagnostic tests
in 266 swine samples with bTB-like lesions recovered during routine official inspections at slaughterhouses
assuming conditional dependence between test results
and incorporating prior information on the performance of the tests obtained from the literature
The accuracy of the combined (in parallel) application of both tests was also estimated
The Se of the PCR (82.9%) was higher than the Se of the bacteriological culture (79.9%)
whereas the Sp of both tests was similar (88.5 and 89.0%
when both techniques were assessed in parallel
the Se of the diagnostic system increased substantially (Se = 96.6%) with a moderate Sp loss (Sp = 78.8%; PPV = 92.8%; NPV = 89%)
or the combined application of bacteriological culture and PCR
may serve as an accurate diagnostic tool to confirm bTB in swine samples
Results here will help the design and implementation of effective surveillance strategies for the disease in swine of Argentina and other settings in which the disease is prevalent
In Argentina, bTB is endemic in both livestock and wildlife populations (17)
The protein purified derivative (PPD) skin test and the meat inspection of carcasses at slaughterhouses are the actions approved and used in the bTB's Control and Eradication National plan (SENASA
PPD testing is compulsory only for dairy cattle
Control activities are voluntary for other species
Official records estimated that 0.3% of inspected pigs in Argentina showed TB-like lesions, as observed by the Argentine Animal Health Service (SENASA) inspectors at slaughterhouses. However, evidence suggests that the figure may have been underestimated (18–20)
Key features of both diagnostic tests that influence the feasibility of implementation in the context of a control plan
The aim of the study here was to estimate the Se and Sp of the BC
and of a rapid diagnostic test (PCR from tissue) on swine TB-like lesions obtained at slaughterhouses
and thereafter to evaluate the combined performance of those tests
Results will inform current discussions regarding the evaluation and potential modifications to the bTB control strategies in the target population and in the context of the Argentine disease control plan
Results may also be useful for countries in which bTB is prevalent in swine populations
Swine samples (n = 266) showing bTB-like lesions (TBL) were collected in multiple visits to three slaughterhouses located in the Province of Buenos Aires between 2015 and 2017
Those three slaughterhouses processed pigs from the main productive region of Argentina
which includes the provinces of Buenos Aires
Approximate 4 × 4 cm cuts of lymph nodes showing bTB-like lesions were collected
tissue samples from swine shipped from bTB-free premises were also collected in order to validate the DNA extraction and PCR assay
All samples were stored at −20°C
BC and PCR were carried out at the Infectious Disease Department's Mycobacterial diagnosis laboratory of the Veterinary School of the University of Buenos Aires
Because samples were collected from animals inspected post-mortem by the national authority and according to national regulations
no ethical or farmer's consent approval was required
Samples (4–7 g) of each individual lymph node were placed into a mortar and crushed with sterile sand and 10 mL of sterile bi-distilled water for homogenization. Two milliliters of this homogenate were transferred into a 15 mL tube and 4 mL of 4% NaOH were added to decontaminate the sample using the Petroff's modified method described elsewhere (26)
A portion (~400 μL) of the homogenate was separated and frozen at −20°C for further DNA extraction
Invitrogen™ PureLink™ Genomic DNA Mini Kit (Invitrogen
USA) was used for DNA extraction directly from tissue
according to the manufacturer's protocol
The obtained DNA was stored at −20°C until use for the PCR assay
Bacteriological culture was performed following a protocol established elsewhere (26)
Stonebrink and Löwenstein Jensen media were inoculated and incubated up to 60 days at 37°C and examined every 2 weeks
Ziehl Neelsen staining was performed to observe acid fast bacilli
a loop full of bacteria was suspended in 200 μL of bi-distilled water and thermal lysis was performed at 95°C for 45 min
Lysates obtained were stored at −20°C until PCR assay
Spoligotyping was carried out using the spoligotyping kit (Mapmygenome India)
bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) (ATCC 27289) were included as reference strains for each assay
Ziehl Neelsen staining-positive isolates that were IS6110-PCR negative, were tested for its identification. The IS1245-PCR was used to detect the Mycobacterium avium (M. avium) complex (30)
PCR controls were also conducted using a strain of M
avium obtained from a pure culture by thermal lysis as a positive control and bi-distilled water as a negative control
A Bayesian approach was used to estimate the Se and Sp of the BC and the PCR test (24) in samples showing bTB-like lesions (n = 266) and in the absence of a gold standard
Samples were considered to have originated from one single population
given that only samples showing bTB-like lesions were evaluated
results from both tests were assumed to be conditionally dependent because
although biological principles of both tests are different (the culture required that the pathogenic agent was viable
whereas the PCR only requires the presence of the genetic material in sufficient quantity)
both tests are based on the detection of the mycobacteria
we preferred to follow the conservative assumption that results were not independent
Parameters of the beta distribution and source of data used to estimate the accuracy of both bTB tests in swine samples from Argentina
Agreement between the results obtained from both test was measured using the kappa statistic. The Kappa coefficient, combined Se and Sp of the tests used in series and in parallel, and the positive and negative predictive values of the tests were calculated using the posterior estimates of the model and using the WinEpi software (34) as:
Se parallel = 1–(1–SePCR) × (1–SeBC)
Sp(series) = 1– (1–SpPCR) × (1–SpBC)
For presenting the results here, we followed the guidelines for reporting of diagnostic accuracy in studies that use Bayesian Latent class models (STARD-BLCM) described elsewhere (35)
Most (171/266, 64.8%) samples were culture-positive, and most of those samples (137/171, 80.1%) were also MTC-IS6110+ PCR-positive. Out of the PCR-positive samples (176/266, 66.2%), only some (39/176, 15%) were BC-negative. A few (13/56, 23.2%) of the remaining 21% culture and PCR-negative samples (i.e., 4.9% of all the samples) were M. avium complex (IS1245+)-positive (Table 3)
All IS6110-positive samples showed spoligotypes that were characteristic of M
Distribution of the results for both bTB diagnostic tests applied
The estimated (posterior) Se of the bacteriological culture and of the PCR were 79.9% (95% posterior probability intervals
PPI: 71.69–88.7%) and 82.9% (95% PPI: 74.35–92.3%)
The estimated (posterior) Sp was similar for both tests
with a value of 88.5% (95% PPI: 67.2–99.5%) for culture
and of 89.05% (95% PPI: 69.8–99.1%) for PCR
Bovine tuberculosis prevalence in TB-like samples was 74.39% (95% PPI: 63.3–83.5%)
The agreement of both tests was moderate (Kappa coefficient = 0.395; 95% CI (confidence interval) = 0.304–0.486)
The negative and positive posterior correlation estimated between the diagnostic tests was uncertain
−0.02 (95% PPI: −0.2–0.33) and 0.16 (95% PPI: −0.15–0.74)
The low correlations between the two test Se and between the two test Sp for samples showing bTB-like lesions suggests that the results of both tests were independent from each other
Estimates of predictive values for a range of prevalence values based on the Se and Sp obtained in the analyses presented here
Results were not sensitive to the selection of the prior distributions, as suggested by the relatively consistency (magnitudes of percent differences <9%) in the results when using non-informative priors (Supplementary Table 1)
to the posterior distribution of Se and Sp for both tests except for the Sp of the tests in which a reduction of 26.6% for the culture and 29.1 for the PCR was estimated
we provided evidence suggesting that the PCR may be used as an effective tool for the rapid and effective detection of the infection in swine routinely inspected at slaughterhouses in Argentina
results presented here will help to inform decisions intended to update control strategies in endemic settings
reported a frequency of PCR-positive results similar to ours
these results suggest that bTB is still highly prevalent in swine populations of Argentina
and that the PCR may serve as an effective and rapid test for the confirmation of the agent in bTB-like lesions macroscopically detected at the time of slaughtering in the country
The results here may ultimately help to update current strategies used to prevent and control of the disease in settings in which the disease is yet-to-be eradicated
and AP conceived and performed the statistical analysis
and collaborated in interpretation of the results
SB and AP designed the study and coordinated the work
All authors read and approved the final manuscript
This study was supported by the UBACyT Project: 20020130100082 (2014–2017) from the University of Buenos Aires
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
and Andrea Sala (slaughterhouse workers) and Jorge Neira (veterinarian from the Official Veterinary Service (SENASA) for their technical support
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2019.00204/full#supplementary-material
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Zumárraga M and Perez AM (2019) Bayesian Assessment of the Accuracy of a PCR-Based Rapid Diagnostic Test for Bovine Tuberculosis in Swine
Received: 29 January 2019; Accepted: 07 June 2019; Published: 26 June 2019
Copyright © 2019 Barandiaran, Pérez Aguirreburualde, Marfil, Martínez Vivot, Aznar, Zumárraga and Perez. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)
distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted
provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited
in accordance with accepted academic practice
distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms
*Correspondence: Soledad Barandiaran, c2JhcmFuQGZ2ZXQudWJhLmFy
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
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PlanThe search for a single discourse to integrate content has led to continued dialogue to unite the museologic and architectural interest. The design is formalized from the history of the place.
© Jorge AllendeThe porch that greets the visitor is both a great vantage point of the town of Zumarraga and the chapel.
© Jorge AllendeThe design of the building and construction materials are an interpretation of the natural resources of the area: wood, stone and iron, subsistence economies of La Antigua and Zumarraga.
© Jorge AllendeThe display elements are also designed solely for this center
These are all key factors contributing exclusivity
The facility has been designed with one goal: unity between conceptual design and contents
since we have designed an Interpretation and Welcome Center for Visitors
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