4.4.2025 | A new family center will open in Karhula on April 28 Services that were previously located in temporary facilities including the Kymenlaakso wellbeing area’s maternity clinic The family center will be located at the Karhula hospital Access to the family center will be through the main entrance of the hospital registration will now take place at the registration kiosk in the hospital’s lobby The meeting point of the Karhula family center will continue its operations at its previous location at Karjalantie 10–12 the Karhula maternity clinic will be closed during the week prior to the family center’s opening Health nurses from the maternity clinic will make home visits to mothers who have recently given birth and their newborns during the closure week Appointments for other maternity clinic services are available for babies and pregnant women Non-urgent appointments will be handled once the maternity clinic reopens in week 18 Group meetings and client guidance at the family counseling service will continue as usual Individual client meetings can be scheduled during the move week at other locations There will be no interruptions to child protection services during the move a family center will also open in Kouvola later this year This follows a decision made in 2019 by the Kymenlaakso social and healthcare municipal federation to establish two comprehensive family service centers in Kymenlaakso The launch of the family service centers has been delayed due to the lack of suitable facilities for the services with new construction and a reorganization of services space has been freed up in Kotka and Kouvola allowing the family centers to begin operations in 2025 More services will move to the Karhula family center in the coming years The aim of the family center initiative is to better integrate services for families with children and families will be able to access multiple services and expertise from a single location The family center network includes services for children Top of the page     Privacy Policy     Sitemap 25.3.2025 | Special inspections will be carried out on three bridges in Karhula between March 31 and April 2 The special inspections on the bridges of Vesitorninkatu and Sunila Railway involve taking samples from the bridges to assess their condition and renovation needs The inspections will cause minor changes to traffic arrangements as the work will be carried out on the bridge itself traffic will be managed by closing one lane at a time and directing traffic to the other lane The work area will change on each bridge throughout the day so drivers and other road users should pay attention to the changing traffic arrangements traffic will be safely directed past the work area using similar arrangements Finnish Institute of Occupational Health media release 13 June 2024 According to the Occupational Safety and Health Act, work must be healthy and safe. This obligation remains unchanged in the event of a crisis. If anything, its significance becomes even more pronounced when working conditions grow more demanding than before. Accumulated stress and inadequate recovery reduce functional capacity and well-being at work. This significantly affects the workplace’s resilience, i.e. crisis resilience. “In the event of serious external crises, such as pandemics, the workplace must have concrete strategies in place to manage the workload. They are rarely included in the current contingency or continuity plans of workplaces,” says Mikael Sallinen, Research Manager at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health.  “There are two ways to manage workload in a crisis situation: job accommodation and strengthening the employee’s resources. The successful application of both methods in the workplace prevents employees from becoming overburdened,” Sallinen says. People management and information flow are central means of job accommodation. “A contingency plan usually describes the management of things. But how does one manage people? People management that supports the employee’s well-being is encouraging and interactive. In information flow, an emphasis is placed on transparency, tailoring the information to the target group, as well as timely and regular information,” says Mikael Sallinen. In terms of strengthening the employee’s resources, sufficient crisis training and the support offered by the workplace and work community are particularly important. “Workplace support covers everything from providing personal protective equipment to offering services to support mental well-being. Work community support means opportunities to discuss the work and share work-related concerns. It can also include asking colleagues for practical advice or help,” says Kati Karhula, Specialist Researcher at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. In addition to existing contingency and continuity plans, safety-critical workplaces must have a separate plan for managing workload in the event of a crisis. It helps the workplace prepare for workload management before a crisis. “Workload management plans should be promptly put on the management agenda. In order for the plans to be usable and effective in a crisis situation, the various operators at the workplace must be widely involved in their preparation,” Sallinen points out. A detailed and practical guide provides help with creating a plan. Workload Management in an External Crisis – A Guide for Safety-Critical Workplaces provides guidance and templates. The guide was drawn up as part of the Workload Management in Safety-Critical Work During an External Crisis research project. More detailed sector-specific recommendations have been prepared for safety-critical sectors that are important for the security of supply, including the health care, rescue and emergency care, and nuclear industry sectors. Finnish museum workers’ perceptions of hazards in their working environments do not fully correspond to the actual risks at… The Vision Zero Forum has once again granted occupational safety level classifications to its member workplaces. This year, a… According to the ESENER survey, newly commissioned by the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA), the most… © Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Business ID: 0220266-9, Tel: +358 30 474 1 Background: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) classification is a biopsychosocial frame of reference that contributes to a holistic understanding of the functioning of a client and the factors involved. Personal factors (PFs) are not currently classified in the ICF due to large societal and cultural diversity and lack of clarity in the scope of such factors. Aims: To ascertain which factors in the ICF classification have been defined as PFs in different studies and what conclusions have been drawn on their role in the ICF classification. Methods: The study was a scoping review. A systematic search for articles published in 2010–2020 was performed on the Cinahl, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Sport Discus databases. The PFs specified in the articles were classified according to the seven categories proposed by Geyh et al. socio-demographic factors; position in the immediate social and physical context; personal history and biography; feelings; thoughts and beliefs; motives; and general patterns of experience and behavior. Results: The search yielded 1,988 studies, of which 226 met the inclusion criteria. The studies had addressed a wide variety of PFs that were linked to all seven categories defined by Geyh et al. Some studies had also defined PFs that were linkable to other components of the ICF or that did not describe functioning. Approximately 22% (51) of the studies discussed the role of PFs in rehabilitation. Conclusions: The range of PFs in the ICF classification addressed in the reviewed studies is wide. PFs play an important role in rehabilitation. However, according to the reviewed studies, a more precise coding of PFs is not yet warranted. Volume 2 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fresc.2021.709682 This article is part of the Research TopicICF-Based Assessment and Documentation of Functioning and DisabilityView all 10 articles Background: The International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) classification is a biopsychosocial frame of reference that contributes to a holistic understanding of the functioning of a client and the factors involved Personal factors (PFs) are not currently classified in the ICF due to large societal and cultural diversity and lack of clarity in the scope of such factors Aims: To ascertain which factors in the ICF classification have been defined as PFs in different studies and what conclusions have been drawn on their role in the ICF classification A systematic search for articles published in 2010–2020 was performed on the Cinahl The PFs specified in the articles were classified according to the seven categories proposed by Geyh et al socio-demographic factors; position in the immediate social and physical context; personal history and biography; feelings; thoughts and beliefs; motives; and general patterns of experience and behavior The studies had addressed a wide variety of PFs that were linked to all seven categories defined by Geyh et al Some studies had also defined PFs that were linkable to other components of the ICF or that did not describe functioning Approximately 22% (51) of the studies discussed the role of PFs in rehabilitation Conclusions: The range of PFs in the ICF classification addressed in the reviewed studies is wide PFs play an important role in rehabilitation a more precise coding of PFs is not yet warranted Enabling sufficient functioning is a complex process, as it comprises multiple interacting components that must be tailored to individual needs and situations (5). The Nordic countries appear to have a common conceptual understanding of client-centered practice (6), which is supported by applying the bio-psycho-social framework of the ICF in the complex processes of rehabilitation (7) the key question is how to identify and take into account the diverse PFs that affect the functioning of an individual in the same way as other factors included in the ICF classification one should critically assess the need for PFs as a separate component in the ICF classification These conflicting views suggest that there is a need to systematically examine how PFs are defined and manifested in rehabilitation studies who suggested that any such process should be based on research evidence and PFs should be included in the ICF indicates a need to systematically identify been studied in the field of rehabilitation The present review contributes to this reform work and aims to provide a basis for determining the role of PFs in harmonizing monitoring systems and indicators of functioning This review assembles research data and views on the need for the assessment of PFs and the possible need for a more precise classification as part of a comprehensive assessment of functioning to summarize the PFs that have been investigated in research articles to describe the reflections of the authors on the issue of PFs This study followed the scoping review methodological framework (17, 18) given the present objective of mapping the evidence on PFs Literature searches were conducted by an expert information specialist in consultation with the research team The search was undertaken in the following electronic databases: Cinahl and all potentially relevant studies published from 2010 to 2020 were extracted The search terms were as follows: (ICF[Title/Abstract] OR “International Classification of Functioning”[Title/Abstract]) AND (personal[Title/Abstract] OR context*[Title/Abstract]) Methodology or guideline reports were also searched the eligibility of studies was determined by applying established criteria: an article was included for the assessment of relevancy if it addressed one or more PFs in the context of ICF and excluded if it made no mention of PFs Data selection was performed independently by two researchers all members of the research team participated in the consensus discussions in which the data selection protocol and choices were refined based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria the titles and abstracts were screened by two researchers The relevance of the full-text articles in relation to the research questions was then determined using the classification by Goodman et al. (19) (Table 1) Two researchers screened whether the article addressed one or more of the factors defined in the article as an ICF PF articles were rated for relevance on a scale of one to six (1 = low relevance; 6 = high relevance) only articles rated 5 and 6 were included in the further analysis Table 1. Relevance scale of the publication, adapted from Goodman et al. (19) Data extraction and analysis were conducted in two separate phases. The first phase of the data analysis included studies that reached level 5. Data on PFs were extracted, categorized according to the classification by Geyh et al. (8), and entered into a chart. The relevant descriptive characteristics of the studies (e.g., frequencies of methods used and study populations) were gathered and analyzed (see Tables 2, 3) In the second phase, all the studies at level 5 that reached level 6 were extracted (see Table 1) and subjected to qualitative thematic analysis All these studies included reflections on the role of PFs in rehabilitation These reflections were subjected to a qualitative thematic analysis The thematic analysis was implemented using a mind-mapping process in which the researchers analyzed qualitative themes identified in the reflections Team members met frequently to compare mind maps and further consider their interpretations of the thematic categories and produce a thematic map of the findings Thematic analysis was used to broaden knowledge on the role of PFs in rehabilitation research A total of 226 definitely relevant (level 5) research articles were included in the analysis. Of these, 51 articles were classified as direct and highly relevant (level 6), as the authors had reflected in the discussion section on the role of PFs in rehabilitation (Figure 1) The research designs of the included articles ranged from quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods to conceptual/theoretical (Table 2). The target groups of the articles were also heterogeneous, comprising different client groups and professionals (Table 3) Factors included in the ICF as part of a component other than PFs or that do not describe functioning were mentioned as PFs in 71 articles (31%) personality or personality traits related to ICF body functions (b126 temperament and personality functions) were defined as a PF in 17 articles and body mass index (b150 weight management functions) in 10 articles or others was defined as a PF in 9 articles although they are listed under environmental factors in the ICF (e3 support and interpersonal relationships) Factors that do not describe functioning but which were defined as PFs included lack of time the ability of the therapist to communicate The thematic analysis (of 51 articles) highlighted three themes on the role of PFs in rehabilitation: a person- and client-centered rehabilitation process, commitment to rehabilitation, and the need for classifying PFs (Figure 2) Roles of personal factors in rehabilitation the studies revealed a wide range of different types of PFs While the included studies used heterogeneous methods and focused on different target groups they all considered PFs to be important factors in assessing functioning and in planning and implementing rehabilitation While all the included studies (n = 226) included an analysis of PFs only a quarter of the included studies (n = 51) focused on PFs to the extent of explicitly drawing conclusions about them and only 14 studies called for the classification of PFs who emphasized the need to understand the whole ICF model including the relations between its components it can be also argued that the ICF itself is ambiguous that can be linked to the ICF b1 mental functions category and linked to the ICF as PFs in the studies included in this review showed that these constructs merit consideration when further developing the ICF To apply enablement theory in the rehabilitation process it is essential to understand individual variation in PFs Our results show that PFs contribute essential information that should be linked with information on functioning in the rehabilitation process of a person in clinical practice professionals mostly document them in the history of a client in a narrative form Using unified terminology could enhance documentation quality but this does not necessarily mean that all PFs should be contained in a single classification PFs were invariably used to support clients in their rehabilitation process life situation and physical functioning compared with Geyh's classification It would therefore be useful to apply them as complementary classifications when assessing functioning in relation to PFs in clinical practice Future research should explore precisely what instruments or other methods of PF are available and whether they are comprehensive enough to describe and document the wide variety of PFs A key strength of this study was the implementation of a rigorous and systematic methodological approach by addressing the importance of PFs in rehabilitation research and practice this study may be of value in the future development and use of the ICF classification the methodological quality or risk for bias of the included articles was not evaluated this study does not produce a critically appraised answer to the question of whether PFs should be classified The broad aim of the review generated a large number of references More specific inclusion and exclusion criteria might have enabled a more precise focus on the role of PFs in rehabilitation which PFs promote or hinder activity and participation and how important different factors are to the client and AK: Theoretical framework and literature review All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript The soping review is funded by Social Insurance Institution of Finland Open access publication fees and revising the English language of the manuscript of the article are funded by South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest The handling Editor declared a past co-authorship with one of the authors HA All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher We sincerely thank information specialist Tapio Salmela for literature searches We would also like to thank Michael Freeman for revising the English language of this article The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fresc.2021.709682/full#supplementary-material The International Classification of Functioning Google 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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited in accordance with accepted academic practice distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms *Correspondence: Maarit Karhula, bWFhcml0Lmthcmh1bGFAeGFtay5maQ== Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish 13.6.2024 08:30:00 EEST | Työterveyslaitos | Tiedote Työpaikkojen valmiussuunnittelussa otetaan harvoin huomioon työntekijöiden toimintakyvyn ja työhyvinvoinnin turvaaminen Etenkin turvallisuuskriittisissä töissä työpaikan suoriutuminen on kuitenkin kiinni juuri ihmisen toimintakyvystä Työkuormituksen hallintaa onkin otettava osaksi valmiussuunnittelua Työterveyslaitoksen mediatiedote 13.6.2024   Työturvallisuuslain mukaan työn on oltava terveellistä ja turvallista sillä työolosuhteet muuttuvat aiempaa kuormittavammiksi Kasautuva kuormitus ja riittämätön palautuminen heikentävät työhyvinvointia ja toimintakykyä Tämä vaikuttaa merkittävästi työpaikan resilienssiin eli kriisinkestävyyteen varalle työpaikalla tulee olla käytössä konkreettisia keinoja työkuormituksen hallintaan Niitä on harvoin sisällytetty työpaikkojen nykyisiin valmius- tai jatkuvuussuunnitelmiin tutkimuspäällikkö Mikael Sallinen Työterveyslaitoksesta muistuttaa – Työkuormitusta voi kriisitilanteessa hallita kahdella keinolla: työtä muokkaamalla ja työntekijän voimavaroja vahvistamalla Molempien keinojen onnistunut käyttäminen työpaikalla ennaltaehkäisee työntekijöiden ylikuormittumista   Työn muokkauksen keinoista keskeiseksi nousee ihmisten johtaminen ja tiedonkulku – Valmiussuunnitelmassa on yleensä kuvattu asioiden johtamista Työntekijän hyvinvointia tukeva henkilöjohtaminen on kannustavaa ja vuorovaikutteista Tiedonkulussa puolestaan korostuvat avoimuus tiedon räätälöinti kohderyhmälle hyödylliseksi sekä ajantasaisuus ja säännöllisyys Työntekijän voimavarojen vahvistamisessa tärkeää on etenkin kriisitilanteiden riittävä harjoittelu sekä työpaikan ja työyhteisön tarjoama tuki.  – Työpaikan tuki kattaa kaiken suojavarusteiden tarjoamisesta mielen hyvinvointia tukevien palvelujen järjestämiseen Työyhteisön tuki tarkoittaa mahdollisuuksia keskustella työstä ja jakaa siihen liittyviä huolia Se voi olla myös käytännönläheistä neuvojen tai avun pyytämistä kollegoilta erikoistutkija Kati Karhula Työterveyslaitoksesta sanoo.  Nykyisten valmius- ja jatkuvuussuunnitelmien lisäksi turvallisuuskriittisillä työpaikoilla tulee olla erillinen suunnitelma työkuormituksen hallinnasta kriisitilanteessa Se auttaa työpaikkaa valmistautumaan työkuormituksen hallintaan ennen kriisitilannetta – Työkuormituksen hallintaan liittyvät suunnitelmat tulee nostaa viipymättä johdon agendalle Jotta suunnitelmat olisivat kriisitilanteessa käyttökelpoisia ja tehokkaita tulee niiden laatimiseen osallistaa laajasti työpaikan eri toimijoita Suunnitelman laatimisessa on apuna yksityiskohtainen ja käytännönläheinen opas.  Työkuormituksen hallinta ulkoisessa kriisissä – opas turvallisuuskriittisten alojen työpaikoille antaa ohjeistuksen ja pohjat Opas on laadittu Työkuormituksen hallinta turvallisuuskriittisissä töissä ulkoisessa kriisissä -tutkimushankkeessa Huoltovarmuuden kannalta tärkeille turvallisuuskriittisille aloille eli terveydenhuollolle pelastus- ja ensihoitoaloille sekä ydinvoima-alalle on laadittu vielä erikseen tarkemmat alakohtaiset suositukset.  Työterveyslaitos on työhyvinvoinnin asiantuntija Kehitämme asiakkaidemme kanssa hyviä työyhteisöjä ja turvallisia työympäristöjä sekä tuemme työntekijöiden työkykyä työterveysyksiköt sekä muut työhyvinvointia kehittävät organisaatiot turvallinen ja mielekäs työ luo hyvinvointia Tietoa meistä  Medialle-sivulta löydät asiantuntijoiden yhteystiedot Tilaa uutiskirjeemme suoraan sähköpostiisi X: @tyoterveys (fi), @FIOH (en) Haluatko tietää asioista ensimmäisten joukossa saat ne sähköpostiisi välittömästi julkaisuhetkellä Tilauksen voit halutessasi perua milloin tahansa Arbetshälsoinstitutet firar sitt 80-årsjubileum i år Under jubileumsåret uppdaterar Arbetshälsoinstitutet sina scenarier för det finländska arbetslivets utveckling och lovar att fortsätta utvecklas i takt med förändringarna i arbetslivet Työterveyslaitos viettää tänä vuonna 80-vuotisjuhlavuotta Juhlavuoden aikana Työterveyslaitos päivittää skenaarionsa suomalaisen työelämän kehityksestä ja lupaa muuttua vastedeskin työelämän muutosten mukana The Finnish Institute of Occupational Health is celebrating its 80th anniversary this year the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health will update its scenario of the development of Finnish work life and commit to keeping pace with the speed of change in work life De finländska museiarbetarnas uppfattningar om riskfaktorerna i arbetsmiljöerna motsvarar inte helt de verkliga riskerna på arbetsplatserna I Arbetshälsoinstitutets undersökning utvecklades praktiska lösningar för att bekämpa hälsoeffekter på museer Suomalaisten museotyöntekijöiden käsitykset työympäristöjen vaaratekijöistä eivät täysin vastaa todellisia riskejä työpaikoilla Työterveyslaitoksen tutkimuksessa kehitettiin käytännön ratkaisuja terveysvaikutusten torjumiseksi museoissa Uutishuoneessa voit lukea tiedotteitamme ja muuta julkaisemaamme materiaalia Löydät sieltä niin yhteyshenkilöidemme tiedot kuin vapaasti julkaistavissa olevia kuvia ja videoita Uutishuoneessa voit nähdä myös sosiaalisen median sisältöjä Kaikki tiedotepalvelussa julkaistu materiaali on vapaasti median käytettävissä Tietosuoja Metrics details As a result of the ongoing urbanization megatrend cities have an increasingly critical role in the search for sustainability To create sustainable strategies for cities and to follow up if they induce desired effects proper metrics on the inter and intra-urban development is needed we analyze the sustainability development in the 20 largest cities in Finland through a residential area classification framework The results based on high-quality register data show concerning trends in some sustainability measures and divergent trends between cities and residential areas within we see no clear signs of decreasing car ownership rates also manifestations of social sustainability seem to be insufficient in many locations–especially in residential mid-rise areas from the '60s and '70s the urban sustainability agenda is implemented through urban planning and policies touching very centrally the residents and neighborhoods where they live in To create sustainable strategies for attractive residential areas and to follow up if they induce desired effects further emphasizing the dynamic nature of cities and urbanization processes we need to understand these dynamics and potential spatial inequalities between urban residential areas and urban populations and to do that we need both intra-city and inter-city comparisons of relevant urban sustainability measures Although these approaches limit the biases related to comparability they do not solve the underlying problem of defining relevant residential areas Especially in terms of the built environment these approaches can result in quite diverse residential areas although comparable in the sense of similar population size we characterize urban development and urban sustainability trends across 20 Finnish cities Our research question is: ”How have the biggest cities in Finland developed in terms of sustainability between the years 2000 and 2018?” To answer the question we created a classification system based on the typical age and type of housing stock found in different residential areas This classification allowed us to conceptualize and evaluate the development and sustainability performance within each distinct residential area category as well as to compare similar built environments across the cities By employing this approach and combining it with register-based data we can systematically measure and compare urban sustainability across these residential area types shedding light on the specific strengths and challenges within each context and car ownership development in seven different types of residential areas: centers and low-rise neighborhoods built after 2000 The analysis encompasses the 20 largest cities in Finland covering over 50% of the Finnish population Understanding how these key urban sustainability aspects have developed in different types of residential areas is essential many of the urban sustainability endeavors focus on new developments while lacking a perspective of the development in older residential areas we argue that in addition to transportation another important aspect of every city is its built environment the planning principles and building practices have varied across different eras the focus has shifted from modernist principles of car-dependency and functional separation to contemporary ideas that emphasize walkability Each era thus produces residential areas with distinct characteristics all these factors demonstrate the critical role of the neighborhood-level built environment in shaping urban sustainability highlighting the need for context-specific analyses Our classification approach is akin to his since Stjernberg relies on the same grid data to classify the grid cells with more than 50 percent of the people living in the blocks of flats from 1960 s and 1970 s as suburbs that were built during the years of rapid urbanization his focus is purely on suburban neighborhoods while other residential area types are ignored Considering these most closely related previous pieces of work there has been a definite lack of a comprehensive residential area classification that provides a solid basis for comparing cities in Finland Neither are the authors aware of that such classifications would exist in other countries we aim to provide a solid framework for follow-up classifications to enable reliable comparison studies across countries we use YKR data to introduce a sophisticated residential area classification that not only distinguishes between the residential property types but also recognizes the different eras producing residential areas with different typical characteristic features our classification stands apart from more arbitrarily spatially delineated or non-generalizable classifications that do not necessarily pay attention to local characteristics that are relevant from e.g This allows broad possibilities for analyzing and understanding the development of urban structure Some 17% of the existing blocks of flats were built before 1960s when the majority of housing production consisted of single-family houses An important component of these infill strategies is to increase the volume of housing in close vicinity to public transportation to mitigate the use of private cars housing developments spanning from 1990s to 2010s represent approximately 35% of the current housing stock the year 2000 statistics for block of flats since 2000 and for low-rise neighborhoods built after 2000 are not visible due to small number of cases in some cities Population amount matters for sustainability for multiple reasons and resources consumed in general differ according to the total amount of population as well as by its rate of growth or decline housing stock in declining residential areas is underutilized causing a problem for environmental sustainability whereas fast-growing areas must ensure social sustainability by balancing the needs of current residents with those of future ones Each barplot depicts populations within a specific residential area class in different cities and the total population within each class is readable from the box on the bottom right corner City centers are often central to urban sustainability discussion because they are in many respects closest to compact city ideals Our classification shows how the population has grown or at least remained steady in all city centers The increase has been the fastest in major monocentric cities that only have one indisputable city center Espoo and Vantaa represent more polycentric cities where the city center targeted population growth is distributed in several urban sub-centers resulting in relatively lower population growth in the major center although they are among the group of the four largest cities Classification also shows that population growth is not even Population seems to have declined in all cities in residential areas that are dominated by blocks of flats from the 1960s and 1970s while it remained rather stable in areas from 1980s and 1990s it is also important to notice that decreasing population development in these neighborhoods is partly attributable to the demographic structure and potentially also to their falling attraction we can naturally observe a surge of population in newly built residential neighborhoods the new low-rise neighborhoods represent a notable proportion in all city sizes and the proportion of population living in new high- or mid-rise neighborhoods new low-rise neighborhoods dominate also the second largest city of Espoo Each barplot depicts average densities within a specific residential area class in different cities and the total average of each class is readable from the box on the bottom right corner the realized development does not reflect the strong foothold of urban density in the widely pronounced objectives of urban sustainability discussions in neighborhoods dominated by blocks of flats mostly from 1980s and 1990s as some of these neighborhoods in largest cities have grown denser in the period whereas in smaller cities there is more variation: in some cities the density is higher and in others lower In new residential mid- or high-rise neighborhoods the figures in 2018 show that these areas are denser than older neighborhoods from 60s and 70s as the development processes in such areas are time-consuming it might as well be that these areas will still densify in the future when we look at the densities in new low-rise areas we see that those are slightly less dense than older low-rise areas but can again relate to the unfinishedness of these neighborhoods the densities have slightly grown in biggest cities whereas in smaller cities the densities have declined a bit Each barplot depicts the average employment rate of working age populations within a specific residential area class in different cities new low-rise developments perform more evenly compared with other types of areas underscoring the significance of urban planning solutions and policies of social mixing of the population structure aiming to promote social cohesion and reduce segregation Each barplot depicts average shares of motorized households within a specific residential area class in different cities the average car ownership rate is clearly the lowest overall The only residential area class where car ownership has decreased slightly in many of the cities This can be potentially tracked down to the more central locations of these areas as well as the population and its socioeconomic structure inhabiting these areas both those with blocks of flats and those with low-rise buildings the conclusion of a relatively high car ownership rate can be drawn despite the political aims that are often geared towards car free living we present a framework that allows us to track and compare the sustainability metrics in different types of residential areas and show how 20 biggest cities s have developed in the in the past two decades In terms of our research question of “How have the biggest cities in Finland developed in terms of sustainability between the years 2000 and 2018?” there are some developments that are promising the overall picture is lacking a clear indication of urban sustainability improvements these flows are not evenly distributed between different cities or neighborhoods within them One of the clear advantages of our classification is that it allows us to estimate the most common living environments in the studied cities around half of the population in the 20 biggest cities lives in low-rise and another half in mid-rise neighborhoods In terms of change from 2000 to 2018 this ratio has remained quite constant declining development of these neighborhoods exemplifies the sometimes-conflicting nature of different dimensions of sustainability From the perspective of environmental sustainability the declining population raises a question of underutilized resources which calls for revitalization of the existing housing stock in order to ecologically sustainably make such neighborhoods attractive for new residents from the perspective of economic sustainability if – and to what extent – it is sustainable to use taxpayers’ money to revitalize neighborhoods where market-based conditions for renewal are not met The future of these housing suburbs is certainly a topic that would merit more research and we hope that our classification will enhance the possibilities for more detailed analyses Stable cohabiting or married couples might still be more likely to prefer these housing decisions compared to single households or serial cohabiters Smart densification of urban environments is on the agenda of city planners and we find clear indications of densification in city centers and low-rise neighborhoods since 2000 it is important to emphasize the yet important role of greenfield development in provision of housing the net loss of population in existing areas has been around 47,000 residents while greenfield areas have accommodated some 433,000 new residents in the same period more than half (56%) of the greenfield developments are low-rise neighborhoods when measured in population amount Even if more effective land use is on the sustainability agenda we do not find higher population densities in the newly developed areas and their car-ownership rates are among the highest in all classes the indicators might still change in the future if these neighborhoods are further developed our results highlight that many of the sustainability goals of carbon neutral cities are not yet realized or at least the changes cannot clearly be observed on the level of whole population in the 20 biggest Finnish cities we are not able to discuss much the mechanisms behind the residential area differences It is very likely that many of the differences relate to individual level socioeconomic and housing conditions Here we focused on the residential area differences but future research could cover more extensively the theoretical and empirical analyses of determinants behind these differences One further advantage of our approach is that based on the characteristics of housing stock it has wider availability and thus higher reproducibility compared to classifications based on e.g. The Finnish high-quality register-based data provided great grounds for developing the classification framework the classification approach is also widely applicable to other geographic locations where data availability may be more limited it is important to pay attention to the local context and heterogeneity of the building stock and adjust the classification criteria accordingly If there is no other proper local data available our classification can be used to monitor how different neighborhoods are meeting the goals assigned to them and to compare cities and neighborhoods to each other’s with respect to ever important urban sustainability aims and related quantifiable targets we highlight some worrying trends in both ecological and social sustainability in Finnish cities Although there are no major changes in population density the rising car-ownership rates are a potential hazard for environmental sustainability the differences in employment rates between the different residential areas are rising and potentially creating tensions and undermining social sustainability We construct residential area classification using data from the Monitoring System for Urban Structure and Form (YKR) (©YKR/SYKE and TK 2018) The data comprises a nationwide statistical grid with a spatial resolution of 250 m the utilized data include a dataset for buildings (©YKR/SYKE and TK 2018) and an open access spatial dataset for city centers and retail areas (©YKR/SYKE and TK 2015) The dataset for buildings contains information about the building stock in a 250 × 250 m grid and we utilized information about the residential building types and living space in each residential building type part of the information was encrypted because of confidentiality reasons in cases where there was only one building in the grid cell the information on building types and years of construction was not available and thus these grid cells are excluded from our classification For further analysis of the different residential area types For the employment information we use the FIONA remote system module FOLK basic data provided by Statistics Finland We define residents as employed if they have been employed more than nine months during the year according to the employment registers a spatial dataset from National Land Survey of Finland (2016) was used and thus the municipal borders remain constant in classifications for different years (in some of the municipalities there has been several municipal mergers between the years analyzed) The municipality for each grid data point was defined based on which municipality the centroid of a grid cell is within 250 × 250 m grid cells were used to create our residential area classification To reflect the meaningful differences in the built environment we start with separating areas with the majority of buildings being blocks of flats (BoF) or low-raise single-family and row houses (SF and RH) This distinction is typical to Finnish cities and often a major residential decision people make BoF residential areas have typically higher population density and offer closer services SF and RHs offer larger and more private apartments in more peaceful areas further away from the city center The residential areas have typically been built systematically during a short period of time with only a very limited number of older buildings or even later infill development This has resulted in neighborhoods with very specific characteristics in different decades we classify the cells by the most typical decade of construction (50s or before after 2000 for BoF and before and after 2000 for SF and RH) Distributions for the proportions of dominating housing types within the residential area classes The box’s upper and lower limits indicate the range of the data and the line inside the box represents the median Whiskers represent min and max values without outliers There were also grid cells that had data on buildings but did not fall into any of the categories described above and these are not included in our classification most were in grid cells where the intended use of the building(s) was something else than residential this means that in some of these grid cells but it is not the main type of intended use there is only one main type of intended use To be classified as a residential building at least 50% of the living space in the building needs to be dedicated for residential purposes there were 35,369 grids in 2000 and 39,932 grids in 2018 classified Looking at from the population perspective a total of 83,439 persons (or 3.5% of total population) in year 2000 and 85,872 persons (or 3.0% of total population) in year 2018 in the 20 cities studied were excluded from the residential area classification we proceeded to form residential areas based on the classification After each grid was classified into one of the seven classes the grids were merged into a single area if two grids shared a border or vertex (queen contiguity) This was repeated until the area had no neighbors in the same category there were 7989 (in 2000) and 11,592 (in 2018) residential areas in the 20 cities studied The municipal boundaries played no role in the merging process so one area can be on several municipalities (actually this is the case only in the Helsinki Metropolitan Region which is the only area where three big cities; the capital Helsinki and neighboring Espoo and Vantaa; are next to each other) when presenting the results on municipal level in Results section the residential areas and grids within including buildings in different municipalities are divided according to the municipal borders the buildings and residents are only included in the total numbers and shares of the municipalities where they are located In the process, the classification criteria and the resulting areas were also discussed multiple times with city representatives involved in the SMARTLAND-project, to utilize their hands-on knowledge of their own cities. Before creating the final classification, in addition to previous workshop discussions, we also utilized a GIS-based survey tool Maptionnaire (https://maptionnaire.com/) the respondent could comment on the classification criteria and the resulting residential areas We got 445 comments from 62 separate individuals Based on these discussions and survey comments the classification criteria was modified the most important modification being the removal of the sub-center class as the experts’ views on what is a sub-centre were very diverse and many commented the ones we had to cover areas who truly belonged to some of the other classes defined (typically some of the BoF 60s and 70s were classified as sub-centers) the final classification utilized in this paper is thus also based on the valuable hands-on expertise of the city representatives We visualize how the area classification looks in an individual city in the following Fig. 4 Here we can see a typical Finnish city with city center (red) with some connected residential areas of blocks of flats (yellow We can see the dominance of single family and row house areas (blue) further away from the city center first as a denser area but then in a more dispersed manner further away from the center One should also notice the typical blocks of flats residential areas from the 60s and 70s a bit further away from the city center One should note that although the residential areas are often relatively small This is especially true for low-rise areas build before year 2000 as these residential areas form large connected networks around the city centers This should be taken into account when using the classification A comparison of numbers and areas of different residential area classes shows us that the number of residential areas from 50s and those from 60s and 70s have declined. In practice, this implies that in these areas, also infill construction has happened (and partly also perhaps demolishing), and the area type has changed into another (share of residential living space located in building from these older eras falls below 50%). This kind of development is likely to continue in the future. UN DESA. The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2022 - July 2022. 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YKR City Centres 2015. https://ckan.ymparisto.fi/dataset/%7B79B6DD92-3448-402D-95A9-D56B484CD6A1%7D Urban Housing Density and Infrastructure Costs Download references Open access funded by Helsinki University Library The research is funded by the Finnish Strategic Research Council at the Academy of Finland (decision No Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS) Faculty of Built Environment & Tampere Institute for Advanced Study Finland; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences All authors approved the final version of the article The authors declare no competing interests Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-023-00127-8 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science The automation and digitization of the processes will cut production throughput time by 93% which translates into far more favourable delivery times for customers Sulzer has been manufacturing pumps in Kotka Now the company is entering a new era with the state-of-the-art pump production line that meets the highest industry standards The automated facilities have been designed to deliver fast and efficient workflows incorporating digital and lean principles to ensure effective production A brand-new logistics centre provides materials and component handling Sulzer’s factory in Kotka is a key provider of configured process pumps agitators and high-speed turbocompressors for the global market The facility also has industry-scale test beds and research facilities The factory serves process industry customers in markets such as pulp The increased output from the Kotka factory will strengthen Sulzer’s entire global supply chain “The new production line represents the most advanced technology in the field and we are excited about the possibilities it offers our customers when it comes to quality and delivery times,” said Veli-Pekka Tiittanen given that the materials used in our high-efficiency pumps are 99% recyclable the new facility reflects not only our dedication to quality but is also a significant step in building a sustainable future that our customers value and our employees can take pride in.” Free access to this content is for qualifying individuals only Corporate and institutional access requires an appropriate license or subscription For more information contact institutions@markallengroup.com Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker Kotka’s local transport has had an exceptional route to the city centre due to the renovation of the Kotkansaari local transport terminal The changeover to the normal route was to take place when the new local transport terminal was completed the renovation of the Karhula infrastructure will cause additional route deviations for public transport from 9 December onwards when timetables will not allow travel to the local transport terminal on Kotkansaari The return to the normal route will therefore only take place when the summer timetables come into force at the beginning of June 2025 “The background to the new route deviations is the closure of a section of Ahlströmintie in Karhula so that the work on the Karhula infrastructure changes which is due to be completed before summer 2025 The detour route that will come into force with the closure will take more time for buses in Karhula and so the routes in the centre of Kotka must be as short as possible,” says Esa Partanen “Keeping the routes in the city centre short is better achieved with the local transport terminal from the current starting point the section of Ahlströmintie between Vesitorninkatu and Aumakatu will be completely closed to vehicle traffic from Monday 9 December when the changes to public transport routes will also come into effect,” Partanen says “All changes will be visible in the route guide at kotka.digitransit.fi and in Waltti Mobile by the end of November On our website jonnejaminne.fi the new timetables will be visible by 5 December,” Partanen continues “We have tried to minimise changes to the timetable times there are so many changes to the routes in the city centre and Karhula that new printed timetables will be produced for the timetables valid from 9 December the new printed timetables will not be distributed until January The changes will also be announced at key stops and on buses” Lines with changes to stops in the city centre: line 1 will no longer run via the market square when leaving the city centre but the next stops after the bus station will be Kotkankatu and the railway station the buses will no longer run from the bus station via the market square but will leave the bus station immediately in the direction of Puistotie Lines with changes to the stops in Karhula: Family background influences our lives in multiple ways: from genes to work-life connections the role that parents can play in their children’s lives is almost ubiquitous Yet these relationships are far from deterministic Institutional contexts shape the strength and manner in which the influences take place Even the way that genes shape our lives depends on the environment in which we live The Dynamics of Inequality Across the Life-course: structures and processes (DIAL) research programme has studied the intergenerational transmission of social inequality extensively covering the key stages of the life-course as well as further conceptualising what equality of opportunity – and other key concepts for studies on intergenerational social mobility – is and how it can be measured which sets out four different approaches (Björklund & Jäntti 2020) Intergenerational mobility estimates tend to be the most widely known and refer to the association between parents and their children’s social position scholars attempt to establish the causal nature of these associations which would then give us answers to questions such as how much more education would we expect children to obtain if their parents received one more year of education Sibling correlations take a broader approach and estimate how much family background more broadly – not just in terms of measurable resources – accounts for differences (inequalities) in socioeconomic outcomes the equality of opportunity approach addresses these questions from a more normative perspective and attempts to discern how much circumstances which are beyond the individual’s control and can include family factors that are shared and those that aren’t between siblings A better understanding of these factors can also help us to develop policies and interventions to reduce intergenerational inequality The concept of equality of opportunity is further examined in research within the Impact of childhood circumstances on individual outcomes over the life-course (IMCHILD) project where researchers have analysed it together with freedom from poverty (Hufe et al They put forward a new measure of unfair inequality where both of these concepts receive equal weight the researchers argue that from a fairness perspective it is important that socio-economic outcomes do not depend on childhood circumstances (equality of opportunity) and that income distributions are such that everyone can make ends meet (freedom from poverty) The research results suggest that within Europe unfair inequality is most prevalent in Lithuania and income distributions are the fairest in the Netherlands A key area of research that has developed with great strides over the past decades is the study of genetic influences on our socioeconomic as well as health outcomes. This area of research is the focus of the Gene-Environment Interplay in the Generation of Health and Education Inequalities (GEIGHEI) project At the heart of this research project is the examination of how the influence of genes depends on the environment which can either enhance or suppress their influence on individuals’ outcomes In terms of intergenerational socioeconomic re-production the research shows that a genetic predisposition for high educational attainment is more beneficial when parents are able to invest in their children to a greater extent (Muslimova et al parental investments are more effective when children also have a higher genetic predisposition for education These results are echoed by research undertaken in the Inequality, early adult life courses and economic outcomes at mid-life in comparative context (EQUALLIVES) project where the results imply that the influence of genes is greater for children growing up in the most advantaged families (Erola et al the ability to take advantage of a more beneficial genetic predisposition for socioeconomic success is greater for children with parents who have high levels of resources This may be due to these parents having the possibility and willingness to invest in their children differentially depending on their talents whereas less advantaged parents are constrained or unwilling to do so The research also suggests that the role of genes is substantially larger for educational and occupational attainment than for income These investments improve children’s cognitive skills and their educational attainment The influence of parents persists even as children go through the education system and enter into the labour market. This has been studied extensively in the Life-Course Dynamics of Educational Tracking (LIFETRACK) project where a key area of focus has been the way in which social origin and educational tracking work together to produce inequalities in the labour market careers even after taking into account educational attainment social origins continue to exert an influence on labour market achievement (e.g. Research from the EQUALLIVES project also highlights how family background influences not only the final socioeconomic outcomes that individuals reach but also the ways in which they do so (Karhula et al in attempting to tackle intergenerational inequality there is a need to look at influences beyond childhood and address the ways in which advantaged parents continue to support their children in adulthood Dynamics of Inequality Across the Life-course: Structures and Processes has received funding from the European Union’s HORIZON 2020 Research programme under the Grant Agreement no and website in this browser for the next time I comment Δdocument.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value" Open Access Government produces compelling and informative news and academic research articles for the public and private sector looking at health As a Crossref Sponsored Member we are able to connect your content with a global network of online scholarly research currently over 20,000 other organizational members from 160 countries Crossref drive metadata exchange and support nearly 2 billion monthly API queries facilitating global research communication Metso Corporation’s press release on May 7 Metso is celebrating the milestone delivery of its 100th truck body; the delivery went to Boliden’s Kevitsa mine in the Sodankylä region in Finland Truck bodies belong to Metso’s portfolio of comprehensive payload management solutions This portfolio enables Metso to assist its mining and aggregates customers in optimizing their loading and hauling capability and maximizing utilization of the loaders and haul truck bodies Metso’s range of payload management solutions was considerably expanded with the 2023 acquisition of Häggblom a privately owned Finnish engineering and manufacturing company The new comprehensive portfolio includes a range of truck bodies and buckets each suitable for different operations and business objectives as well as long-lasting rubber and metallic truck bed liners “This expanded portfolio equips us with more mature capability to comprehensively address the holistic loading and hauling needs of customers and to support their sustainability and safety targets This strategic shift allows us to take on the responsibility of managing customer assets and prioritizing service delivery over mere product transactions,” says Justin Ryan the comprehensive loading and hauling offering is available to customers in the Nordics and Europe with Central and South America to follow soon after global coverage to all markets is expected “The delivery of the 100th truck body is a significant milestone and shows that our customers trust us for their loading and hauling needs As Metso is now able to provide complete solutions for all site conditions we look forward to taking the next step as a value provider in payload management,” says Jukka Karhula Information of the expanded Loading and Hauling Solutions offering is available on our website Metso is a frontrunner in sustainable technologies end-to-end solutions and services for the aggregates minerals processing and metals refining industries globally We improve our customers’ energy and water efficiency and reduce environmental risks with our product and service expertise We are the partner for positive change.   Metso employs over 17,000 people in close to 50 countries and sales for 2023 were about EUR 5.4 billion The company is listed on the Nasdaq Helsinki You are using an outdated browser. Please upgrade your browser to improve your experience European Energy and TotalEnergies have launched three vessels to conduct seabed surveys in the area surrounding the planned Jammerland Bugt offshore wind farm located between Kerteminde on Funen and Kalundborg on Zealand Jammerland Bugt offshore wind farm will be capa-ble of supplying more than 240 000 European households once it becomes opera-tional The three vessels will carry out seabed measurements in the areas designated for the offshore wind projects These measurements will provide a detailed insight into the seabed’s shape and overall condition – crucial data for designing wind turbine foundations Geophysical data is essential to ensure a stable and secure placement of the wind turbines “Geophysical surveys play a crucial role in the development of offshore wind projects They provide us with insight into the seabed’s structure and ensure that we can plan construction with the highest precision and minimal impact on the marine environment,” said Andreas Karhula Lauridsen VP and Head of Offshore Wind at European Energy The three vessels will dock in Kerteminde and Nyborg on Funen using these ports as their base until the surveys are completed in August The results will then be analysed to support the further planning of the offshore wind farms The same vessels will be used for geophysical surveys for the Lillebælt Syd wind farm located between Sønderborg and Assens These surveys are set to begin in April 2025 drone flights from the coast will also be conducted to gather further data Don’t miss out on our last issue of the year The Winter issue of Energy Global is out now; this issue kicks off with a guest comment from Veronica Maxted Director of Renewables at RS Group before moving on to a regional report on the current state of the renewables industry in North America This edition of the magazine also explores key topics such as inspection and maintenance With contributions from key industry leaders such as Viridien dive into the issue and see what you could learn Read the article online at: https://www.energyglobal.com/wind/12032025/european-energy-commences-seabed-surveys-for-jammerland-bugt-offshore-wind-park/ Lantana Capital Ltd has been appointed as the mandated sell-side advisor for the public auction of Heliosphera SA's bankrupt solar panel factory in Tripoli Embed article link: (copy the HTML code below): Already a member? Sign in here Volume 5 - 2017 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2017.00038 Contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography (CEμCT) with cationic and anionic contrast agents reveals glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and distribution in articular cartilage (AC) The advantage of using cationic stains (e.g. CA4+) compared to anionic stains (e.g. is that it distributes proportionally with GAGs while anionic stain distribution in AC is inversely proportional to the GAG content studies using cationic stains have been conducted with sufficient resolution to study its distributions on the macro-scale but with insufficient resolution to study its distributions on the micro-scale it is not known whether the cationic contrast agents accumulate in extra/pericellular matrix and if they interact with chondrocytes The insufficient resolution has also prevented to answer the question whether CA4+ accumulation in chondrons could lead to an erroneous quantification of GAG distribution with low-resolution μCT setups we use high-resolution μCT to investigate whether CA4+ accumulates in chondrocytes to determine whether it affects the low-resolution ex vivo μCT studies of CA4+ stained human AC with varying degree of osteoarthritis Human osteochondral samples were immersed in three different concentrations of CA4+ (3 mgI/ml and 24 mgI/ml) and imaged with high-resolution μCT at several timepoints Different uptake diffusion profiles of CA4+ were observed between the segmented chondrons and the rest of the tissue While the X-ray -detected CA4+ concentration in chondrons was greater than in the rest of the AC its contribution to the uptake into the whole tissue was negligible and in line with macro-scale GAG content detected from histology The efficient uptake of CA4+ into chondrons and surrounding territorial matrix can be explained by the micro-scale distribution of GAG content CA4+ uptake in chondrons occurred regardless of the progression stage of osteoarthritis in the samples and the relative difference between the interterritorial matrix and segmented chondron area was less than 4% our results suggest that GAG quantification with CEμCT is not affected by the chondron uptake of CA4+ This further confirms the use of CA4+ for macro-scale assessment of GAG throughout the AC and highlight the capability of studying chondron properties in 3D at the micro scale The insufficient resolution has also prevented to answer the question whether CA4+ accumulation in chondrons could lead to an erroneous quantification of GAG distribution with low resolution μCT setups to investigate whether CA4+ accumulates in chondrocytes To study CA4+ accumulation in human osteochondral samples two samplesets were generated. The first sample set was used to investigate the diffusion of CA4+ in chondrons and to optimize CA4+ protocol for human articular cartilage in ex vivo. The second set was used for investigating how CA4+ chondron accumulation would affect the analysis conducted with lower resolution μCT systems. The CA4+ solutions were prepared as previously described [7] Based on the results from the diffusion tests optimized protocol (24 h immersion to 6 mgI/ml concentration of CA4+) was selected and cylindrical (diameter = 2mm) osteochondral samples (n = 14) from tibial plateus of 14 total knee arthroplasty patients (approved by ethics committee of Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District permit no: 7/2013) with varying degree of osteoarthritis were subjected to the optimized staining protocol samples were removed from the CA4+ solution wrapped in parafilm and embedded inside the dental wax in order to fix the sample to its holder and to prevent it from drying during the scan Scans were conducted with Skyscan 1272 μCT system (Brüker microCT Belgium) using the following settings: 45 kV tube voltage Projection data were reconstructed with NRecon-software (v.1.6.9.8 Belgium) with ring artifact and beam hardening corrections Flow chart of the sample procedure for diffusion sample set Three adjacent cylindrical (diameter = 2 mm) osteochondral samples (n = 9) were harvested from three human femurs and divided to groups depending on the concentration of CA4+ immersion bath Samples were scanned prior the immersion and in several timepoints (0–48 h) during the CA4+ immersion Data-processing included reconstruction of μCT datasets and selection of Volume of Interests (VOIs) prior the analysis The diffusion of CA4+ was modeled by fitting (Equation 1) to the data points: where the normalized X-ray attenuation A depends on time t CA4+ immersion was determined to be sufficient when A reached 98% from Amax The sufficient CA4+ immersion times were calculated for each fit To determine how the CA4+ accumulation into chondron area would affect analyzing the GAG content in full tissue volume averaged X-ray attenuation in segmented ITM volume was compared to averaged X-ray attenuation values in full tissue volume Segmentation of chondrons were conducted as for the diffusion dataset described earlier Mean grayscale values were calculated for the data from the full AC volume Relative difference between the X-ray attenuation of ITM-segmented volume and unsegmented full tissue volume was calculated Adjacent sample plugs were subjected to histology for visual comparison between histological stains and CA4+. Thin 3 μm sections were prepared for Safranin O [13] stain to visualize the distribution of cationic stain in articular cartilage additional cationic histological stain Toluidine Blue was used to visualize the distribution of cationic stains in articular cartilage Safranin O stained histological slices were evaluated with OARSI grading to estimate the OA progress in samples The Spearman's rho was used to calculate the correlation between the OARSI grades and the averaged X-ray attenuation values (with ITM volume The correlations were calculated with IBM SPSS (v.24 International Business Machines Corporation The use of CA4+ enabled identification of the whole chondrons and parts of territorial matrix in cases where territorial matrix has a higher GAG content (A) Comparison of histological cationic stains to CEμCT with different concentrations of CA4+ (at 48 h) Safranin O and Toluidine Blue indicate similar GAG depth-wise distribution as in CA4+ stained AC by having stronger staining deeper on the tissue compared to the surface the difference in dynamic depth-wise stainability of GAG distribution can be observed between different histological stains as well as between the different concentrations of CA4+ Scalebar on the left corner 100 μm Areas restricted by yellow square magnified in (B) (B) Magnification of Toluidine Blue stain (below) compared to 6mgI/ml concentration of CA4+ shows that the CA4+ accumulation exceeds the cell areas according to the GAG content around the chondrons (yellow dotted line circle scaled to same size in both CA4+ and Toluidine Blue image) Mean X-ray attenuation values in CA4+ stained chondrons, ITM, and in whole AC were obtained as a function of time (Figure 3). Strong correlations were observed when fitting the Equation (1) to the data points (Figure 3, Table 1) indicated the time point when the X-ray attenuation reached 63.2% from the maximum the time constant was similar in unsegmented (whole AC) and ITM-segmented data (3 mgI/ml: whole AC = 1.678 the time constant was higher compared to the ITM and unsegmented data (3 mgI/ml = 2.487; 6 mgI/ml = 2.486; 24 mgI/ml = 1.374) Diffusion profiles fitted on Chondron segmented ITM segmented and unsegmented (Whole sample) data Datapoints present normalized and averaged x-ray attenuation values in CA4+ stained chondron areas (Chondron) interterritorial matrix (ITM) and in whole articular cartilage (Whole sample) Datapoints were averaged inside each CA4+ concentration group (N = 3) and the standard deviation inside the group is presented as error bars in the plots Similarities of the diffusion profiles for the whole sample (both) and for the ITM can be observed Sufficient staining times (h) were in the same range with CA4+ concentrations of 3 and 6 mgI/ml (Table 1) indicating that the staining time for the ITM and whole sample was in the range of 10–11 h and the corresponding time for the chondrocytes was ~15 h with a CA4+ concentration of 24 mgI/ml the staining times were shorter (~7.5 h for whole sample and ITM and ~8.5 h for chondrons) but it did not seem to increase with the severity of the OARSI grade The OARSI graded histological samples (Safranin O− stained top row) compared to the adjacent samples stained with CA4+ and imaged with μCT (middle row) The representative cross section (bottom row encircled with yellow box) from the deep zone (yellow dotted line) of the CA4+ stained plug shows varying micro-scale CA4+ accumulation However the accumulation did not correlate with OARSI grading conducted from the adjacent histological cores Histological slides and μCT images are set to same scale Global scale bar (250 μm) under OARSI 1.0 – histological sample This might explain why the CA4+ does not accumulate in surface layer chondrons and indicates that the attraction of nucleic acids alone are not sufficient for CA4+ accumulation in the chondrons Comparison of chondron areas stained by CA4+ by the cationic Toluidine Blue staining showed that the CA4+ accumulates similarly as cationic histological stains also to the territorial matrix related to the GAG content and with immersion times less than 24 h this small inaccuracy is even further decreased (maximum relative difference <1.5%) could increase the staining intensity of CA4+ in and near chondrons the use of CA4+ in high-resolution ex vivo μCT could provide tools for further OA research Besided the above mentioned major limitations following additional limitations of this study are noted A detailed visual comparison with cationic histological stains suggests that CA4+ accumulation extends outside the chondrons in the territorial matrix and thus segmentation of chondrons is challenging the lack of healthy cartilage samples in this study may skew the PG distribution and thus CA4+ accumulation in chondron areas in this study CA4+ accumulates in both the ITM and chondrons within AC enabling visualization of local GAG distribution within human AC corresponding to the histological cationic stains in histological sections The efficient uptake of CA4+ into chondrons and surrounding territorial matrix is a consequence of the microscopic distribution of GAG content CA4+ uptake in chondrons occurred regardless of the progression stage of OA and the relative difference between the ITM with and without segmented chondron area was less than 4% macroscopic GAG quantification with low-resolution images is not affected by the chondron uptake of CA4+ The results of this study show that the use of CA4+ provides a means to study chondron properties in 3D (i.e. micro scale analysis) while retaining the capability to do conventional macro-scale assessment All authors contributed to the conception and design of the study PL participated in acquisition and analysis of the data All authors contributed to interpreting the data and have approved the submitted version of the manuscript The financial support in part from the Academy of Finland (grants no 253579); Sigrid Juselius Foundation; European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement no 336267; the strategic funding of the University of Oulu; the National Institutes of Health (R01GM098361) and the T32 Pharmacology Training grant (5T32GM008541-14) are acknowledged The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphy.2017.00038/full#supplementary-material CA4+ Diffusion in Human Articular Cartilage with Different CA4+ Concentrations MS: Oxford University Press (2003) 14:13–29 Clinically applied CT arthrography to measure the sulphated glycosaminoglycan content of cartilage Osteoarthritis Cartilage (2011) 19:1183–9 CT arthrography of the human knee to measure cartilage quality with low radiation dose Osteoarthritis Cartilage (2012) 20:678–85 Contrast agent electrostatic attraction rather than repulsion to glycosaminoglycans affords a greater contrast uptake ratio and improved quantitative CT imaging in cartilage Osteoarthritis Cartilage (2011) 19:970–6 Cationic contrast agents improve quantification of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content by contrast enhanced CT imaging of cartilage Effect of contrast agent charge on visualization of articular cartilage using computed tomography: exploiting electrostatic interactions for improved sensitivity non-destructive assessment of cartilage and bone properties of the human metacarpal Osteoarthritis Cartilage (2015) 23:2158–66 Contrast-enhanced CT using a cationic contrast agent enables non-destructive assessment of the biochemical and biomechanical properties of mouse tibial plateau cartilage Contrast-enhanced CT with a high-affinity cationic contrast agent for imaging ex vivo bovine A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Murine articular cartilage morphology and compositional quantification with high resolution cationic contrast-enhanced muCT Microspectrophotometric quantitation of glycosaminoglycans in articular cartilage sections stained with Safranin O Phenotypic modulation in sub-populations of human articular chondrocytes in vitro Differences between sub-populations of cultured bovine articular chondrocytes CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Subpopulations of chondrocytes from different zones of pig articular cartilage growth and proteoglycan synthesis in culture PubMed Abstract | Google Scholar Xylosyltransferase-I regulates glycosaminoglycan synthesis during the pathogenic process of human osteoarthritis Age-related changes in cartilage proteoglycans: quantitative electron microscopic studies the molecular stoichiometry and the stability of proteoglycan aggregates extracted from human articular cartilage Sulfation of chondroitin sulfate in human articular cartilage and zone of cartilage on tissue composition Grinstaff MW and Saarakkala S (2017) Micro-Scale Distribution of CA4+ in Ex vivo Human Articular Cartilage Detected with Contrast-Enhanced Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging Received: 01 June 2017; Accepted: 18 August 2017; Published: 31 August 2017 Copyright © 2017 Karhula, Finnilä, Freedman, Kauppinen, Valkealahti, Lehenkari, Pritzker, Nieminen, Snyder, Grinstaff and Saarakkala. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited *Correspondence: Sakari S. Karhula, c2FrYXJpLmthcmh1bGFAb3VsdS5maQ== 15.4.2025 | Easter, May Day, Ascension Day, and the staff development day will affect library opening hours. In addition, libraries will switch to summer hours starting in early May. At the Karhula and Karhuvuori libraries, self-service is available even during public holidays. Library opening hours and contact information can be found at https://kyyti.finna.fi Staff development day on Friday 30 MayOn the staff development day but self-service is available at Karhula Library from 7:00 to 21:00 and at Karhuvuori Library from 7:00 to 16:00 Summer opening hoursMidsummer celebrations begin at the libraries on Thursday 19 June when all libraries and the mobile library will follow the holiday eve opening hours self-service is available at the Karhula and Karhuvuori branch libraries from 7:00 to 16:00 Summer opening hours at libraries will take effect on Friday 2 May the mobile library will operate only evening routes and will be completely out of service from 30 June to 27 July Mobile library schedules are available at all service points 17.2.2025 | The City Council has approved Kotka’s new urban strategy the word ‘quality’ was added to the heading ‘We ensure a functional safe and quality everyday life for all ages’ by 12 to 29 votes (9 abstentions) the City Council’s proposal was adopted as it stood the city strategy must be reviewed once during the council term so future city councils will have the opportunity to influence the content of the strategy before 2035 The City Strategy 2035 approved by the City Council is attached City Strategy 2035, available only in finnish. In relation to the total cost of the project a difference of 8 interest rate points means at least EUR 28 000/year in favour of traditional loan financing and balance sheet investment which will change with the financial amortisation scheme The typical lease term for a real estate leasing model is 20 years at 33% residual value while for a balance sheet investment the depreciation period for a stone-built school centre is 40 years The differences between balance sheet investment and real estate leasing and the profitability of implementation have been studied in more detail in a financial comparison by Inspira Oy for the Katariina swimming pool in 03/2024 The results of this study can be used for the Karhula school centre and support the implementation of the project as a balance sheet investment the maintenance and servicing costs of the facility are the responsibility of the user in the same way as in a balance sheet investment the potential interest rate advantage of ‘green financing’ is not linked to whether the project is financed by a lease or a loan There are no obvious advantages to be gained from the use of leasing financing and the change in the form of financing has no impact on the project timetable or on the tenders events related to the week will take place throughout the entire week The purpose of Anti-Racism Week is to promote equality and highlight the responsibility of individuals to act correctly in racist situations The theme week coincides with the UN’s International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination Events in Kotka during the week include the Worlds’ Fair at Langinkoski Church on Sunday Vellamo Open Mic at Maritime Centre Vellamo on Wednesday the “Ball for Everyone” futsal event at Käpylä School on Saturday as well as various exhibitions and international food tastings the film Kivinen tie (A Rocky Road) will be screened It tells the story of an aging Afro-Finnish woman searching for her place between two cultures At the Multicultural Activity Center Mylly Juha Vasku’s exhibition ORISA – From Africa to Bahia and from Bahia to Finland will be on display At Mylly’s location in Pasaati Shopping Center visitors can admire colorful national costumes from different countries the Red Cross Skills House will feature a doll exhibition in its window display international cuisine will also be featured Korttelikoti community homes will serve Indian stew and Russian quark pancakes food tastings from Burma and Africa will be available on Thursday Café Myllytär will serve baklava on Friday The week’s theme will also be present in youth centers Organizers and PartnersThe organizers of Anti-Racism Week in Kotka include Kotka-Kymi Parish the “Kotona täälläkin” (At Home Here Too) initiative Rauma Museum has been guided by the local tradition of lace-making and the history of the city The Rauma Art Museum has been promoting the visual arts in the region for over 50 years The museums merged in 2019 to become the Rauma City Museums The Rauma Museum was founded in 1891 and is one of the oldest museums in Finland The museum was founded by private citizens of Rauma the city of Rauma took over the museum after it was offered by the founders The first actual exhibition open to the public opened in the Old Town Hall in 1904 The museum had taken over the upper floor of the building in 1902 but it was not immediately possible to open the exhibition to the public on a regular basis the museum took over the entire Old Town Hall two new museums were opened: the Kirsti home of sailors and craftsmen in 1979 and the Marela home of shipowners in 1982 Its first curator was the painter Alpo Sarava who suggested that the museum should be located in the Pinnala buildings in Old Rauma The museum’s mission is to support and promote the visual arts in the region It has been closely associated with the visual arts communities in Rauma the museum is part of the cultural and museum services of the City of Rauma Now the artists have their very own place to be Kanalinranta 3PL 4126101 RaumaPhone exchange +358 2 834 11kirjaamo@rauma.fi Invoices Service Point PyyrmanOnline Shop Accessibility Statement Like the original silver screen hit starring Helen Mirren the Kotka cast also produced a nude calendar; the proceeds of calendar sales will be granted to cancer patients at the Kymenlaakso hospital in southeast Finland Open image viewerOheinen kuva on Karhulan Työväennäyttämön tekemän kalenterin joulukuun kuva Image: Paul Hitchman6.11.2013 15:30•Updated 7.11.2013 8:09This autumn amateur thespians of the Karhula Workers Company will put on the stage version of the 2003 film begins when the husband of one member of a British regional women’s association succumbs to leukemia The women decide to join forces to make a somewhat different pin-up girl calendar to raise money to purchase a sofa for the cancer wing of the local hospital The calendar becomes an unexpected success allowing the group to donate far more to their cause The plot of the original story is naturally riddled with many twists and turns including trials to the friendship of two of the group’s leading members The Kotka version of the story features 11 women The theatre production calls on the women’s sense of adventure and much courage since for part of the play they must appear onstage topless However strategically positioned stage props save them from the full glare of the stage lights "The Calendar Girls is an extremely brave choice for amateur theatre actors the women have to act naturally and succeeding in that is to my mind an accomplishment worth applauding," he said one of the actresses in the play said that each woman deals with nudity in her own way and they want to be sure that nothing extra is exposed," she explained the nude scenes did not create any problems "Perhaps I have the most open attitude to nudity I show more in my role than the other girls I have just got used to the idea," Hietanen declared The female cast members also created 500 copies their own pin-up calendar all the proceeds of which will be donated to fund entertainment activities for cancer patients of the Kymenlaakso Central Hospital Waltz dances to an unsettling tunePublished 20132013Human brain wired to react to nudityPublished 20112011Sources: Yle Contact between Eksote and its maternity programme's main focus point in St the South Karelia Central Hospital announced The health care district said in early 2019 that it would rely on Russian health tourism to keep the maternity unit's doors open At least three births per week would be needed for the ward to stay open Eksote health and elder care service chief Tuula Karhula said one reason for the lack of expecting Russian customers in Lappeenranta is that the Hyvinkää hospital some 200 km to the west has been able to receive patients in spite of ongoing renovations It is also able to offer the same maternity service for the same 10,000-euro fee The difference is that patients in Hyvinkää do not need to check in one month before their expected date of delivery "Previous queries about maternity services in Lappeenranta have not been followed by any action Apparently there is little awareness of this option," Karhula said Karhula added that she was "not surprised" at Russians staying away as the process of marketing the maternity service has taken much longer than originally anticipated Eksote announced the launch of its maternity service campaign in August but the programme did not start until several months later Eksote and private hospital Hyksin Ltd came to an agreement in early 2019 with Hyksin handling most of the marketing on social media at trade fairs in Russia and on board international trains As no maternity patients from Russia have used the service over the past nine months Eksote will have to enter talks with Hyksin Ltd to decide what to do with the Lappeenranta ward Open image viewerImage: Juha-Pekka Inkinen / YLE4.5.2009 16:48In its recent history, the Karhula factory has been manufacturing the distinctive Finlandia Vodka bottles. The company blames over capacity on European markets for the plant's demise. The Karhula Glass Factory employs around 100 people. Glass manufacturing ends this summer with silk screen print operations terminating next year. It is expected that manufacture of Finlandia vodka bottles will continue in either Estonia or the Netherlands. The Karhula Glass Factory started operations in 1889 mainly as a manufacturer of commercial and medicinal bottles. Later it was the home of Savoy vases designed by Alvar Aalto. The company passed into American ownership in 1995. Open image viewerParts of the current road between Vyborg and Nuijamaa are narrow and winding Image: Kari Kosonen / YleYle News20.12.2017 18:35The EU's Northern Dimension Fund has granted 200,000 euros to Russia to draw up a plan for a new route between Vyborg and the busy Nuijamaa border crossing point This means that nuts-and-bolts design of the road can now begin after about a decade of discussion Russia and Nuijamaa was originally intended as a service road for the cross-border Saimaa Canal but has been gradually improved over the years Cars regularly drive above the speed limit on the road and there have been a number of fatal accidents in recent years Roads director Jyrki Karhula of the South-East Finland Centre for Economic Development Transport and the Environment (ELY Centre) tells Yle that the financing deal was signed with Russian officials at the end of November Karhula predicts however that it will take at least four years before the new stretch of roadway will be completed three people were killed and several others hurt in a bus crash on the canal access road The present road between the city of Vyborg and the Nuijamaa Border Guard post is on land alongside the canal The new road is to be outside of this area so maintenance of it will become the responsibility of Russia Russia banned buses from the current road after officials decided that it was too dangerous for them The ban is to remain in effect until at least the end of March most buses have started used roads from Vyborg to Svetogorsk (formerly the Finnish town of Enso) and from Vyborg to the Vaalimaa border point Hundreds of shoppers from both Vyborg and St Petersburg come to Lappeenranta and other towns in Finnish South Karelia on a daily basis Nuijamaa is Finland's busiest eastern border point used by more than 210,000 people last month