A slice of space rock no larger than a credit card could run up a big sale price at a Christie's auction in the next few days
The item up for bid is a small piece of the first recorded meteorite seen as it dropped through the sky and landed in a wheat field
it was the only major world event mentioned for the year that it fell to Earth — 1492
"This is back in a time before there was scientific consensus that meteorites actually existed," said James Hyslop
"So this was very much seen as something sent by the Divine."
Scientists estimate about 48.5 tons of billions-of-years-old meteor material rain down on the planet daily
but recovering them is still like finding a needle in a haystack: Much of the rubble vaporizes in Earth's atmosphere or falls into the ocean
which covers over 70 percent of the planet
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after several meteorite sightings in Europe and the United States in the early 1800s
for scientists to accept that rocks could fall from space
Weeks after Christopher Columbus reached the Bahamas, the meteorite struck near the Alsatian town of Ensisheim in France
and brought residents to the 280-pound black stone
to gawk at its perplexing fusion crust and the one-yard-deep hole it bore into the ground
People 100 miles away from the crash site in the Alps heard the fireball's boom
believing it to be a good luck charm before city leaders forbade the vandalism
Roman Emperor Maximilian I interpreted the Ensisheim event as a sign from God to declare war on France
Within a month or so of the meteorite's fall
renowned poet Sebastian Brant wrote about the Ensisheim rock
describing it as a triangular stone that emerged from a storm cloud
At the time it was referred to as the thunderstone
The poet Brant was also responsible for putting it in a political context: He claimed it was a bad omen for the French side
Maximilian was indeed victorious in battle
He gained territory and brought back his daughter
The fact that the event happened shortly after the advent of the printing press in the mid-1400s — and was used in wartime propaganda — was what made it memorable and unprecedented
"Impressive as the stone and explosion were," she wrote
"the latter two factors were crucial for winning a place in history for the Ensisheim meteorite."
Maximilian ordered that the main portion of the rock be hung in the town's church, and it remained there until 1793, Marvin said, intriguing visitors with a Latin inscription: "Many have spoken of this stone
many museums and galleries obtained pieces of the meteorite
because it was the first institution to collect such objects thought to be sent from God
and some went to the precursor for the Natural History Museum of London
In order for space rocks to get formally cataloged as meteorites
large pieces have to be kept at designated natural history museums for preservation
But the London museum exchanged some of its hunk 30 years ago for newly found meteorites that originated from the moon and Mars
That's how a private collector got a hold of the piece Christie's is selling today
"It's the sort of meteorite that if it was just found on its own
and didn't have that 500-year history behind it
it wouldn't be hugely sought after," Hyslop said
Archaeologists have detected traces of dairy fats on the walls of pottery vessels from the settlements of the Linearbandkeramik culture in Central Europe
Part of a decorative ceramic pot of the Linearbandkeramik culture used for food storage from the Ensisheim site in Alsace
The introduction and spread of ruminant animal-based agriculture by early Neolithic farmers had fundamental implications for shaping the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in Europe
completely transforming prehistoric European culture
these changes underpinned dissemination of dairy economies globally
and the evolution of lactase persistence in Europeans
“It is amazing to be able to accurately date the very beginning of milk exploitation by humans in prehistoric times,” said Dr
a researcher at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris
“The development of agropastoralism transformed prehistoric human diet by introducing new food commodities
and West of Europe were the earliest Neolithic farming groups in Central Europe
“The findings showed some of the very first settlers in the region were using milk at scale.”
In their study, which is part of the European NeoMilk project
the authors analyzed more than 4,300 pottery vessels from 70 Linearbandkeramik settlements for their food residues
The results revealed considerable variation in milk use across the region
with only 65% sites presenting evidence of dairy fats in ceramics vessels
was not universally adopted by these early farmers
Focusing on the sites and ceramics with dairy residues
the researchers produced around 30 new radiocarbon dates to chart the advent of dairy exploitation by Linearbandkeramik farmers
These new dates correspond to the earliest Linearbandkeramik settlements during the middle of the 6th millenium BCE
“This research is hugely significant as it provides new insights into the timing of major changes in human food procurement practices
as they evolved across Europe,” said Professor Richard Evershed
a researcher in the School of Chemistry at the University of Bristol
“It provides clear evidence that dairy foods were in widespread circulation in the Early Neolithic
despite variations in the scale of activity.”
The study appears today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
a fiery space rock whistled through the sky
It rocketed into a wheat field near the town of Ensisheim
Ensisheim at that point was the headquarters of Austrian troops
came to the town on his way to battle the French
Maximilian declared it to be a sign of divine favor – and the town believed him
an email sent from God to the subjects of Maximilian to tell them that his rule was legitimate
Herzog co-directed the documentary with British volcanologist Clive Oppenheimer
It premiered Friday on Apple TV+ and takes viewers on a sightseeing tour of some of the world's most historic meteorites and impact craters
The film also features the people who study these space rocks.
This is the second documentary Herzog and Oppenheimer have made together; the previous one, "Into the Inferno," was about volcanoes
With "Fireball," the pair hope to further elevate science through filmmaking
'this has to be a new form,'" Herzog told Business Insider
"'We should depart from the National Geographic movies
though researchers have not been allowed to study it.
"We found footage shot by a Pilgrim on his cell phone," Herzog said of the footage shown
"Like metal particles attracted by a magnet
everybody's converging and screaming in this hustle
and jockeying for position for touching or kissing it
Each scene in the film relates to the central premise: that wherever they've fallen
meteorites have shaped human political and religious life.
"These are stones that are falling from the heavens," Oppenheimer told Business Insider
"This is some clue that the gods are intervening in human affairs."
and released billions of tons of sulfur that blocked sunlight and cooled Earth
An estimated three quarters of all plant and animal species on Earth died as a result
That mass extinction eventually paved the way for mammals to reign.
were it not for this colossal impact," Oppenheimer says in the documentary.
The impact crater is located near Chicxulub Puerto
which Herzog describes in the film as "a beach resort so godforsaken you want to cry."
Asteroids at any time have the potential to impact the world's future
Herzog and Oppenheimer visit the Pan-STARRS Operational Center in Hawaii
where astronomers scan rows of computer monitors for signs of asteroids that might become meteorites by entering Earth's atmosphere
Of the 25 million bits and chunks of space debris that become meteors
are too tiny to make much of an impact either.
If the Pan-STARRS team does detect a large asteroid
The group could likely warn people living in the asteroid's path
But a very large space rock — say a few kilometers in diameter — could crash with the force of the Chicxulub asteroid
If the Hawaiian observatory detected an asteroid heading toward the US
he knows how he'd spent his last few hours: "I would start shooting a movie."
the moon and Mars that travel to Earth after being ejected from these heavenly bodies
and many bring interesting stories when they collide with Earth
more than 125 meteorite specimens and related material go up for auction
the naturally formed holes on this iron Gibeon meteorite found in Namibia give it an animal-like appearance
This meteorite was also part of the large Gibeon meteorite shower that rained rocks onto what is now Namibia thousands of years ago
this one can call to mind the gapping mouth of Edvard Munch’s painting "The Scream."
This meteorite, found in China's Gobi Desert
a class of stony-iron meteorites that contain the mineral olivine
this stone fell from the sky outside the walled city of Ensisheim
The stone's descent was seen as a sign from God; the extraterrestrial origin of meteorites would not be accepted for another 300 years
The Ensisheim meteorite was brought into the city and chained up in church to keep it Earth-bound
The majority of meteorites break off from the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter; rarer specimens come from the moon or Mars
This Mars meteorite landed in July 2011 as part of a shower in the vicinity of Tissint
the location that gives the meteorite its name
Collectors and institutions have since snapped up Tissint meteorites
locks into a larger specimen now owned by London's Natural History Museum
convincing French scientists that rocks did indeed fall from the sky
and so ushering in widespread acceptance of the extraterrestrial origin of meteorites
This L'Aigle specimen bears an antique parchment label
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video cameras at Friday night football games in the northeastern United States caught the fiery descent of a meteorite that would end its fall by punching through the trunk of a car parked in Peekskill
a partial slice of the Peekskill meteorite
The owner of the red Chevy Malibu struck by the meteorite was 18-year-old Michelle Knapp
Knapp sold the car for 25 times the $400 she paid for it when buying it from her grandmother
meteorite dealer Ray Meyer standing beside the damaged car
When a meteorite shower hit the Nigerian city of Mbale in 1992
at a time when the region was plagued by AIDS
residents believed the rocks were sent by God as a cure
a partial slice of one of the Mbale meteorites
This iron meteorite from China weighs 1,588 pounds (721 kilograms)
Eta Aquariids peak Monday night: How to see 'shooting stars' left behind by Halley's comet
Ancient zircon crystals shed light on 1 billion-year-old meteorite strike in Scotland
May's full 'Flower Moon' will be a micromoon
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Her focus is reporting on culture and entertainment
She has covered the world of Film and TV extensively from true-crime dramas to reality TV and blockbuster movies
Molli joined Newsweek in 2021 from the Daily Express
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either observed and verified firsthand by the reporter
or reported and verified from knowledgeable sources
Translations may contain inaccuracies—please refer to the original content
The Women and the Murderer (also known as Les femmes et l'assassin) is available to stream and download on Netflix now
The true-crime documentary traces the capture of serial killer Guy Georges told from the perspective of a police chief and a victim's mother who worked tirelessly to catch him
Newsweek has everything you need to know about the case
the killer Guy Georges and his whereabouts today
Guy Georges is a convicted French serial killer from Vitry-le-François
Georges grew up in the French social care system and was in and out of trouble throughout his youth
Georges embarked on a killing spree between 1991 and 1997
and murdered in the neighborhood of Bastille in Paris
granting him the nickname "The Beast of Bastille."
Georges also assaulted at least 13 other women
including attempting to strangle his adoptive sisters Roselyne as early as 1976 and Christiane in 1978 when he was just a teenager
As a result of the attacks on his adoptive sisters
He attempted to strangle a woman named Pascale C
He was arrested by police but was released one week later
Crime and Investigation details Georges' violent tendencies did not stop there
Both girls survived the attack and Georges was arrested
He served a one-year sentence in an Angers prison and following his release
committed petty crimes in and around Paris
leaving her for dead but she survived the ordeal
He was then sentenced to 18 months in prison
raping and stabbing her but she survived and alerted police
He was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment for the attack
Georges was allowed day release towards the end of his sentence
Georges did not return and instead made his way to Paris
It was on that night he committed his first murder
killing 19-year-old student Pascale Escarfail
He eventually returned to prison one week later and was officially released on April 4
His murder spree continued for six more years
He also continued to assault other women in the Bastille area
He is 58 years old and remains incarcerated at Maison Centrale Ensisheim (Ensisheim Central House)
He was arrested for the rape and murders of Pascale Escarfail
and Agnes Nijkamp after his DNA was found at all four crime scenes
He confessed to police following his arrest
Ahead of his trial, Georges was found to be legally sane and fit to stand trial but was declared a "narcissistic psychopath" by psychiatrists
as well as the confession given after his arrest
Georges pleaded not guilty to all of the charges at his trial
Georges eventually admitted he was guilty of murdering Escarfail
and Nijkamp as well as the rape and murder of Hélène Frinking
He was sentenced to life imprisonment on April 5
without the possibility of parole for 22 years
The Women and the Murderer is streaming on Netflix now
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Alt et al. have reported in Scientific Correspondence1 what they thought to be the first ‘unequivocal’ evidence for the existence of healed trepanations (cranial surgery) from Ensisheim
there is compelling evidence that such intra vitem surgery was carried out at an earlier date in eastern Europe
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in Invisible People and Processes: Writing Gender and Childhood into European Archaeology (eds Moore
Naselenie Ukrainy v epokhu mezolita i neolita: anthropologicheskiy ocherk (The Population of the Ukraine in the Mesolithic and Neolithic Periods: an Anthropological Outline) 141-142 (Nauka
in Diseases in Antiquity: a Survey of Diseases
Injuries and Surgery of Early Populations (eds Brothwell
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Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia (2021)
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Part of a decorative LBK ceramic pot used for food storage from the Ensisheim site in Alsace
Part of an LBK ceramic pot used for food storage from the Colmar site in Alsace
LBK ceramics from the Alsace region on display at the Historic Museum of Mulhouse
A new study has shown milk was used by the first farmers from Central Europe in the early Neolithic era around 7,400 years ago
advancing humans’ ability to gain sustenance from milk and establishing the early foundations of the dairy industry
led by the University of Bristol and published today in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)
deployed a pioneering technique to date dairy fat traces preserved in the walls of pottery vessels from the 54th Century BC
This method targets fatty acids from animal fat residues
making it uniquely suited to pinpointing the introduction of new foodstuffs in prehistoric times
who conducted the research while completing her PhD in archaeological chemistry at the University of Bristol
said: “It is amazing to be able to accurately date the very beginning of milk exploitation by humans in prehistoric times
The development of agropastoralism transformed prehistoric human diet by introducing new food commodities
which continues to the present day.”
known as the Linearbandkeramik (LBK) culture
The findings of this research showed some of the very first settlers in the region were using milk at scale
This work was part of the European Research Council (ERC) NeoMilk project led by Professor Richard Evershed FRS of the School of Chemistry at the University of Bristol
His team analysed more than 4,300 pottery vessels from 70 LBK settlements for their food residues
with only 65 percent sites presenting evidence of dairy fats in ceramics vessels
Focussing on the sites and ceramics with dairy residues
the researchers produced around 30 new radiocarbon dates to chart the advent of dairy exploitation by LBK farmers
These new dates correspond to the earliest LBK settlements during the middle of the 6th Millenium BC
Co-lead author Professor Evershed said: “This research is hugely significant as it provides new insights into the timing of major changes in human food procurement practices
It provides clear evidence that dairy foods were in widespread circulation in the Early Neolithic
despite variations in the scale of activity.”
The study was conducted in collaboration with chemists from the University of Bristol and archaeologists from the Universities of Gdańsk
the Dobó István Castle Museum
and the LVR-State Service for Archaeological Heritage
which directed excavations of the studied sites
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