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one of the brothers responsible for the Charlie Hebdo attacks
spent 20 months in Fleury-Merogis prison just outside Paris
where he crossed paths with a radical imam with ties to Osama bin Laden.This photo shows the men's building in May 2014
Among the sweeping changes France is proposing in the aftermath of this month's terrorist attacks in Paris are new measures to fight Islamic radicalization in its prisons
It is an enormous problem brought into starker relief because two of the suspects in the attacks earlier this month were products of the French penal system
one of the brothers behind the attack on the offices of Charlie Hebdo
went from petty criminal to violent jihadist after just 20 months behind bars
he also met a Muslim convert named Amedy Coulibaly — who went on to help the Kouachi brothers in the Paris attacks
The problem of radicalization in French prisons starts with numbers
More than half the people in French prisons today are Muslim — and that has made it easy for radical Islamists to target new recruits
problem that you have with high rates of Afro-American and Hispanics populating the prisons seems to be like now we have a high rate of Muslims living in the prisons," says Laila Fathi
a Muslim activist in Paris who lives in the 19th arrondissement
not far from the housing projects where Cherif and Said Kouachi grew up
Many inmates convert to Islam or rediscover their Muslim roots behind bars
a political science professor at Leiden University and researcher at Sciences Po
says while there are deep believers who aren't radical in French prisons
the environment makes it easy for Islamists to prey on prisoners
"Prisons are ripe for radicalization because you have people in a confined space who have nothing else to do than talk to one another," he says
"People who initially might not be part of violent networks — or networks related to jihad — end up caught in these kinds of networks
There is a simple gang logic [at work] that we find in many other types of settings in prisons in the U.S
says the thought of embracing Islam may help prisoners cope with the simple stress of incarceration
"A lot of inmates who have been jailed are depressed
they are looking for some raison d'etre," she says
"And it is true that Islam has become very popular
very successful within French prisons as a rebirth for these people."
Muslim prisoners can also give the impression that they are coping with prison
and that is attractive to those who might not be
"So to people who find themselves in crisis as they adjust to prison
Islam can seem like a refuge and that makes it easy for radical Islamists to draw others to them."
French Justice Minister Christiane Taubira visited Fresnes prison
where authorities are conducting an experiment sidelining approximately 20 radicalized Muslim inmates being held there
Cherif Kouachi spent nearly 20 months inside Fleury-Merogis prison
he was exposed to one of France's most radical jihadists
Beghal had trained with Osama bin Laden and was sent to France decades ago to set up a terrorist cell there
Prosecutors say the group was supposed to target American interests
Beghal was convicted of plotting to bomb the American Embassy in Paris
He was kept in isolation at Fleury-Merogis
but young men like Kouachi and Coulibaly managed to contact him anyway
Judge Jean-Louis Bruguiere was the investigating magistrate who sent Kouachi to prison while he awaited trial in 2005
"I was very concerned about the situation in prisons," Bruguiere says
When I was chief we ordered them to separate
Inmates find ways to communicate illegally ..
We have to take these people and put them in a totally separate facility to stop this from happening."
One of the proposals now under consideration by the French government is to create a separate facility for Islamists who are trying to radicalize others
Several years ago, inmates at Fleury-Merogis managed to smuggle a video out of the prison to show the outside world how bad conditions were there. The video cuts to showers green with mildew and cells so narrow a man can extend his arms and touch both walls
Fleury-Merogis is what's known as a supersize or titan prison; it holds nearly 4,000 prisoners and is the biggest prison in Europe
is a perfect setting in which radicalization can occur
"The prisoners are a vulnerable population," says Fathi
who worries about the social issues — crime
substandard schools — that lead to the high rates of incarceration among Muslims
"How can we avoid more Kouachi brothers coming out of prison now?" she says
"The government has to take some steps beyond just trying to isolate Islamists behind bars
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Prisons have played a major role in the filmmaker Philippe Lacôte’s life since he was 7 years old
when he would visit his mother who was a political prisoner in the Ivory Coast’s largest penitentiary during the regime of former President Félix Houphouët-Boigny
Known as the MACA (Maison d’Arrêt et de Correction d’Abidjan)
the prison is a concrete hulk on the edge of a forest in Yopougon
the most densely populated suburb of Abidjan
Lacôte would travel once a week in a collective taxi that drove along the perimeter of the trees to the MACA
Speaking to New Lines from Abidjan during a telephone interview
Lacôte recalled his experiences with vivid clarity
“The visiting area in the MACA doesn’t have individual spaces
It’s a large room and people find a corner for themselves
There are prisoners who sell beignets and cakes; you meet other prisoners and interact
but I would see the other prisoners as well
At the far end of the visiting room there was a door; the prisoners would arrive one by one
and we could see all the other prisoners waiting behind that door.”
In the course of his work shooting documentary and fiction films
he visited prisons in a number of African countries as well as in Europe
where he studied and continues to spend most of his time
as he gradually realized that penitentiaries were a world unto themselves
This compelled him to wonder about the stories that emerge from unexpected places
there was an unusual practice that lent itself all too well to Lacôte’s curiosity
it involved what has come to be known as the “Roman” — French for novel
a prisoner is chosen to tell stories to fellow inmates
the incarcerated audience gets a glimpse into another life
helping them to escape their own reality within the drab prison walls
Lacôte first learned about this practice sometime in 2013
through a childhood friend who had just been released from the MACA
It didn’t take much for Lacôte to formulate a plan: He would make a film that showed prison from the inside; how it functioned as a society in its own right
with emphasis on the primordial impulse of communities stripped of the distractions of modernity to gather round and tell stories
the World Prison Brief estimated there were over 11.5 million prisoners worldwide
It touched upon some of the issues pertaining to human rights
recidivism and the root causes of mass incarceration — all of which vary from country to country
But there was one constant that spanned cultures and geography: No matter where
prisoners had a fundamental need for self-expression
numerous studies of penitentiaries have shown the benefits of arts programs
These programs also correlate with a higher level of self-discipline among the incarcerated
No matter the locale — whether on the African continent
these activities appear to have grown organically among the prison population
the MACA was intended to hold no more than 1,500 prisoners at any one time
making it one of the most overpopulated penitentiaries in West Africa
the prison inmates run the place via what Lacôte describes as a fully fledged unofficial government
no real input from the MACA’s administration regarding rehabilitation programs
writes the social anthropologist Frédéric Le Marcis
who spent five years of regular fieldwork observing daily life in the prison
Activities are run by the inmates themselves
including the now-traditional storytelling “Roman” routine
The “Roman” is the basis for Lacôte’s narrative in his award-winning 2020 fiction film “Night of Kings,” which highlights West Africa’s oral tradition of the griot
Inmates use “storytelling to loosen their noose
pushing back the walls via their imagination,” says Lacôte about his film
All this began to tie back to his childhood
the MACA became a fantastical kingdom for him
In the mesmerizing “Night of Kings” (a reference to Shakespeare’s “Twelfth Night”)
the viewer is left feeling on the cusp of entering a fairytale as the narrative interweaves magical realism with strong documentary elements
The story follows the arrival of a young prisoner — a character based on a real-life bank robber nicknamed Yacou le Chinois — who is quickly chosen by the head of the inmates’ informal government to be the Roman
Lacôte’s Roman must tell the prisoners a story
“Night of Kings” introduces a dramatic Scheherazade-like element: When the Roman’s story comes to an end
And so the fictitious Roman begins narrating his story on the night of a blood moon
he eventually hits his storytelling stride
cheered on (and sometimes jeered) by the other prisoners
The story the Roman tells is also based on a real-life character
the head of a gang who met his death when he was set on fire by the people he had victimized
It is a collective narrative in which the entire group must be addressed
and the strength of the story is that the prisoners live it
it’s not a passive storytelling space,” says Lacôte
It is a reflection of the magic that can sometimes arise during story hour inside the MACA
Almost a decade before the MACA was established
More than 1,000 prisoners broke discipline
The revolt lasted five days and left 33 prisoners and 10 prison guards dead
It was a turning point in the United States
which shed light on conditions for the incarcerated
and could have granted the much-needed apparatus of self-expression to America’s prisoners
PEN America’s Prison and Justice Writing program has been established
holding an annual writing contest and helping bring inmates’ writing to the public
the program published “The Sentences That Create Us: Crafting a Writer’s Life in Prison,” a book on the process of writing
with contributors offering advice on how to work “within and around the severe institutional
psychological and physical limitations” of writing in prison
the director of Prison and Justice Writing at PEN America
she was able to distribute 75,000 copies to people in prison
She works with formerly incarcerated people and writers to develop pilot programs in prisons and lead writing groups
creating resources so that local communities can learn and run their own programs
Meissner and her team have also embarked on “a huge project about prison libraries — not every prison has a library … It’s really hard to work with prisons
there’s no easy way to get a handle on this
Some prisons are really interested in the concept of rehabilitation and some prisons are completely averse and have no programs,” she told New Lines over Zoom
she believes deeply in the benefits of writing for prisoners
I think about people in solitary confinement and that writing can be a portal — there is something to the life of characters and it’s also pro-social in sharing your condition
Maybe there’s relief because you’re lost in the act of creation.”
manager of the Prison Writing Program at PEN America
served eight and a half years in three New York prisons on a felony conviction
of which five were at the notorious 19th-century Sing Sing facility
Although Sing Sing is known for its now-retired electric chair “Old Sparky” (in which two members of the Communist Party
were executed in 1953 for conspiracy to commit espionage)
it’s also “a hub for volunteers running prison programs,” Pollock told New Lines
he was involved in the slam poetry scene and had started playing songs during open mics
went to his local public library in South Jamaica
where he still remembers how “the block the library was on was one of the hottest drug-dealing scenes in the neighborhood.”
“I realized after getting to prison that I had not been understanding how to process a story
I’d thrive off action scenes but didn’t internalize characters’ journeys … It’s hard to think about how I was human before the storytelling,” said Pollock
“people ask me to facilitate spaces where they can tell their stories and share
and that comes from an appreciation of a story and being able to see its resonance in life.”
Books took on a whole new meaning for Pollock when he was behind bars
“You’re only allowed to have a certain amount of property in your cell
The books you have are really special and the ones you swap are so important,” he said
several nonfiction books stood out for Pollock as being precious for prisoners
There was the go-to reference tool “Black’s Law Dictionary,” a must-read for any prisoner
There was the civil rights lawyer Michelle Alexander’s “The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness,” which was banned in the states of New York and New Jersey until protests reversed the ban
(The book is still banned in many other states.)
Pollock recalled that there was a long waiting list to obtain Alexander’s book
and by the time he received his copy “it was a weathered book (but) I needed to get it to other people.” He added that “every single book is a vehicle for shared thought.” So intense is the book exchange universe among the incarcerated that Pollock remembered crying when he finally read the public interest lawyer Bryan Stevenson’s “Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption.” “I loved the book so much
because I was afraid it might get lost,” he said
“I lost an uncountable number of books and small pieces of writing
all that transience and fragility leads to an understanding that it’s not the work that’s important but the process
Part of Pollock’s work with PEN America’s Prison and Justice Writing program includes participating in workshops and panels at universities championing the power of the arts in prison education and restorative justice practices
He now works as an illustrator and writer on top of his job
Pollock has also been closely following a study launched by PEN America called the “Right to Read in American Prisons Project,” led by the anthropologist Anthony Johnson
restrict access to literature and educational material
these days; besides books being banned in schools in 32 states
They include a family medical guide by the American Medical Association
banned because it contains photographs of a nude child; Neil Gaiman’s “Faeries,” because it contains “sexually explicit images”; and no fewer than 12 books about the Renaissance artist and scientist Leonardo da Vinci
also due to “sexually explicit images.” Adolf Hitler’s “Mein Kampf,” on the other hand
Toni Morrison’s novel “The Bluest Eye” and Octavia Butler’s novel “Kindred” were also banned
some of the heaviest curbs on free speech among the incarcerated in the Western world
no books are officially banned in prison on a national level
though prison directors can refuse certain titles if they feel a book incites hatred or terrorism
Hunting magazines and certain pornographic material can also get the axe
an interesting independent experiment has been unfolding
The Prix Monte-Cristo — a nod to Alexandre Dumas’ “The Count of Monte Cristo,” in which the main character is unjustly held prisoner in a fortress on an island — is awarded by a jury of readers who are themselves behind bars and students in the school in prison
The prize was established in 2018 by three women who are authors and work in publishing; all three had visited prisons either to run workshops or to speak about their books
had given a talk in a prison about one of her novels that had won a prize
and after spending hours discussing literature with inmates she came away deeply moved
So she set up the Monte-Cristo prize with Roxane Defer and Maëlle Guillaud
a spin-off of the prestigious Goncourt literary prize called the “Goncourt des détenus” (the inmates’ Goncourt) launched
with prisoners also acting as literary judges
it is sponsored by the government and 31 prisons take part in the process
education is administered by the Ministry of Education and supervised by the Ministry of Justice
The books in the running for the Monte-Cristo prize
which is symbolic as no money is exchanged
are always on the theme of confinement but not necessarily incarceration
and must be written by a contemporary author who
can come to the prison to receive the prize
The choices of books are uncensored by prison authorities
The jurors work on the list of books each week for part of the school year with Céline Declerck
the Fleury-Mérogis teacher who committed to the program
Defer and Guillaud visit the prison once a month to work with the students
Samia Sedjari runs the seven schools located within Fleury-Mérogis — one in each building — with a total of 800 students
Sedjari told New Lines; some are young high school dropouts
others are high school graduates and some have begun college degrees
“It’s this crossroads of different paths that make the classes interesting.” One class each year is chosen to be the jury but
the Monte-Cristo prize is currently only on its second round
I attended the first Monte-Cristo prize ceremony in Fleury-Mérogis
Nine male jury members from the D1 block chose a novel by Émilie de Turckheim from among eight on the list
When de Turckheim was handed the award by an enthusiastic jury
she told them it meant the world to her: “Since I was small child I’ve thought about imprisonment
What does the spirit and the body do to continue to exist
well-known for his involvement in education and social work
The Franco-Moroccan author Tahar Ben Jelloun will be the 2023 Monte-Cristo prize’s mentor
Ben Jelloun was imprisoned for 18 months in an army camp in the 1960s and later wrote about prison in his novel “This Blinding Absence of Light,” which was based on the testimony of a former inmate of Tazmamart
Morocco’s ghastly dungeon for political prisoners
now closed following international pressure
prisoners often behave in a provocative manner
They’re offered six months of freedom in which to choose a book.”
who also runs writing workshops in a nearby prison
“They’re often excellent readers and don’t know it
they gain a certain feeling of power; it humanizes them and gives them dignity
They read with their life; they find answers in their reading
“A prison is seen as a place of residue or failure
It is important to say that prison is an unexpected producer of stories and culture,” Philippe Lacôte told me
It is unlikely that his film has been screened in a U.S
but he is still trying to organize a screening for the MACA inmates
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Teargas fired to disperse strikers at Fleury-Mérogis jail on fourth day of nationwide protests
French police have clashed with striking prison guards at Europe’s largest jail on the fourth day of walkouts across the country over security concerns
Officers fired teargas as scuffles broke out at the Fleury-Mérogis prison
where guards are protesting after a series of attacks on staff
has promised to draw up a national prisons plan to address concerns by the end of February
The attacks that sparked the guards’ protest have highlighted security problems and radicalisation inside often overcrowded French prisons
two guards were attacked by four inmates at the Borgo jail in Corsica
The guards were taken to hospital in a serious condition and the four inmates were arrested after gendarmes moved in to secure the prison
Outside the entrance to Fleury-Mérogis jail
about 150 striking guards built a barricade of burning tyres and wooden pallets to prevent their colleagues from getting to work
A unit of CRS riot police broke through the picket line
firing teargas to disperse the demonstrators and allowing other staff to enter the prison while striking guards were held behind a barrier
“The CRS charged and fired teargas at us but we tried to resist,” a 28-year-old guard who gave his name as Sacha told AFP
View image in fullscreenPolice stand near striking guards and burning wooden palettes at the Vendin-le-Vieil jail in northern France on Tuesday
Photograph: Francois Lo Presti/AFP/Getty ImagesOn Thursday
about 120 prisoners refused to return to their cells after their midday walk in the yard
They were brought back in with the help of specially trained intervention teams
France’s prison administration service said
Six prisoners who are thought to have led the protest were sent to the punishment block
Despite talks to resolve the protests and pledges by Macron to outline plans for an overhaul of French prisons
the unions decided to continue the industrial action
The strike began on 11 January after a German convict
attacked three guards with scissors and a razor blade at a high-security prison in northern France
guards at more than 123 facilities were “mobilised”
Figures provided by the prisons’ administration said 87 of the country’s 188 detention facilities had been affected by the strike action
said two-thirds of France’s prisons had been hit by industrial action
Prison staff were protesting against “the absence of consideration for personnel and an absence of equipment
notably security material in penitentiary establishments”
Union officials have been holding talks with the justice ministry over longstanding complaints of low pay
insufficient staffing and overcrowding at prisons
Guards warn that their safety is at risk after several attacks by prisoners linked to Islamic extremism or under surveillance because of the risk of radicalisation
a French court jailed anti-Semitic activist Hervé Lalin
for two posts on the internet that defamed the Jewish people and one that denied the Holocaust
Lalin released a YouTube video entitled “The Jews
Lalin published an online book titled “Anti-Semitism Without Complexity or Taboo” which denied the Nazi Holocaust—a criminal offense in France
Lalin has been sent to prison for anti-Semitic acts before
he was sentenced to five months in jail due to the content of numerous passages in his book “Understand Judaism- Understand Anti-Semitism”
The offender has now begun a 17-month jail sentence at the Fleury-Mérogis prison near Paris
Read more: https://www.algemeiner.com/2020/09/21/french-court-jails-neo-nazi-apologist-and-holocaust-denier-for-antisemitic-messages/
Ocado Group plc (“Ocado”) has announced today that operations are live for Groupe Casino’s Customer Fulfilment Centre (CFC) at Fleury-Mérogis, near Paris. The facility is the first international Ocado CFC to go live for an Ocado Solutions partner.
The CFC has begun operations with a small number of test orders, and it will expand to fulfil more orders and wider public deliveries in selected areas over the coming months. At capacity, the facility will handle a turnover of up to €500m and serve households across the Paris and Hauts de France regions for customers shopping with Casino’s Monoprix brand.
Monoprix has launched a new ecommerce service with the Ocado Smart Platform, Monoprix Plus, which delivered its first order fulfilled through the CFC on Wednesday 18th March.
Jamie Kerr, Head of Communications, Ocado Solutions, on 01707 228 000
Martin Robinson at Tulchan Communications, on 020 7353 4200
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CategoriesCategoriesEnglishGENERALBy phone in prison
that is how terrorist Salah Abdeslam got married last summer4 November 2022
Salah Abdeslam
the sole surviving perpetrator of the Paris attacks on 13 November 2015 and suspect in the attacks in Belgium on 22 March 2016
He did so from his cell in France's Fleury-Mérogis
French authorities had known for some time that Salah Abdeslam had wedding plans
His new wife is not the woman he was in a relationship with before the Paris attacks
The terrorist has already been convicted for his role in the November 2015 attacks in the French capital and the 15 March 2016 shooting in Forest
He was transferred to Belgium in mid-July for the trial of the 22 March 2016 attacks in Zaventem and Brussels
A prison guard stands at the door of an inmate's cell at the Fleury-Merogis prison some 30 kms south of Paris on March 31
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as he leaves the Fleury-Merogis jail after being released in Fleury-Merogis
Photographer: Martin Bureau/AFP via Getty Images
2018 at 4:50 PM EDTBookmarkSaveLock This article is for subscribers only.A former mayor of Kazakhstan’s largest city and his son may be on the hook for more than $280,000 for violating a confidentiality order in a multibillion-dollar lawsuit over embezzlement and money laundering that also allegedly involved purchases of condominiums at the luxury Trump Soho tower
The fine is the latest development in a yearslong legal battle on three continents between Kazakhstan’s BTA Bank and its former chairman
whom the bank accuses of stealing $4 billion
BTA said Ablyazov enlisted the help of his son-in-law
French authorities only introduced measures to tackle jihadi extremist recruitment of prisoners after the Charlie Hebdo attack
France knew it had a problem with Islamic radicalisation in its prisons long before it became clear that two of the three gunmen who carried out the Charlie Hebdo attack in January last year had first met both each other and a dangerous al-Qaida-linked militant in the country’s largest jail.
Read moreBut it was not until after the shootings, which claimed 17 lives at the satirical magazine’s offices and a kosher supermarket in Paris
that measures were announced to counter the mounting risk of the country’s prisons becoming recruitment centres for many more homegrown extremists
who with his brother Saïd shot dead 12 more
befriended each other and convicted extremist Djamel Beghal in Fleury-Mérogis jail south of Paris
It is now one of five prisons around France that place selected extremists – most convicted of terror offences – in separate blocks, aiming to prevent extremist ideology spreading and allowing for improved surveillance.
Trialled at Fresnes prison outside Paris, the controversial regime – which could eventually be introduced in 26 jails around the country – groups 20-25 radicals together in a secure unit with restricted access to social and recreational activities, the internet and the telephone.
Read moreInmates are selected based on the supposed radicalisation threat they represent using a “detection grid” assessing personality, background and observed religious behaviour. France has also recruited nearly 400 extra warders
psychologists and surveillance specialists for its larger prisons
France still has only around 180 Muslim prison chaplains
Many of France’s Muslim prisoners are disadvantaged and disaffected young men from communities blighted by poverty and unemployment
often inexperienced and intimidated warders
and with few Muslim chaplains to provide more moderate guidance
they can be easy prey for jihadi recruiters
The path from petty criminal to radical Islamist via prison is well trodden: the Charlie Hebdo gunmen as well as Mohamed Merah
who shot seven people dead in Toulouse in 2012
accused of four murders at the Jewish museum in Brussels in 2014
were undoubtedly at least part-radicalised in prison
The government acknowledges that of the 170-odd known radical Islamists in French jails for terror offences in 2015, only 16% had previously done time.
Read moreThe attacks that killed 130 people in Paris last November are a case in point: while the five French nationals who were part of the Franco-Belgian terror cell that attacked the Bataclan concert hall
Stade de France and a string of Paris cafes and restaurants were mostly flagged as suspected radicals and had travelled to Syria to fight with Islamic State
Some have highlighted the risk that in the hands of untrained prison officers
the “detection grid” could increase the risk of radicalisation by identifying the wrong candidates for a secure block or failing to identify the right ones: devout but moderate Muslims may be mistaken for extremists
while a new generation of proselytisers have become adept at disguising themselves as moderates
Others stress the urgent necessity of recruiting young Muslim prison workers and imams more in tune with younger inmates and familiar
with social media; still more criticise the fundamental lack of a properly structured deradicalisation programme inside the secure blocks
Countering radicalisation in prison remains, said leading criminologist Alain Bauer
a conundrum: “Concentrating extremists together will reinforce them; dispersing them allows them to spread their ideas and find new recruits.”
USWNT star Korbin Albert starred in Paris Saint-Germain's triumph over Fleury in the Coupe de France Feminine final
The rogue trader who clocked up £4.9bn worth of unauthorised losses during his time at Societe Generale has left Fleury Merogis prison in south Paris after serving just 110 days of a three-year jail sentence
This approximately works out at just one day in prison for every €45m (£36m
which has now become the largest rogue trading loss of its kind in history
a judge ruled that Kerviel could serve the rest of his sentence outside custody by wearing an electronic tag
after the former trader launched a range of appeals
He will now wear an electronic bracelet which will prevent him from leaving the house between 2030 and 0700
Kerviel made billions of euros in losses after racking up €38bn of unauthorised trades
which he attempted to unwind once the bets went sour
He was then convicted in 2010 and sentenced to five years in jail
although two of those years were suspended
he also published a book L'engrenage: mémoires d'un trader (Downward Spiral: Memoirs of a Trader) which claimed that he not only didn't profit personally
but other senior members of the bank knew of his trading activities
Kerviel was told that he would not have to repay the bank for the €5bn he lost during his rogue trading spree
he then surrendered to French authorities on 18 May 2014 to serve a three-year jail sentence
he was given a conditional release from jail
he would have only served 110 days after a judge in the court of appeal ruled that he would be able to leave prison with the use of an electronic tag
Societe Generale has had to pay a €4m for failing to have adequate systems in place to prevent such large scale scandals from occurring