France — As the world commemorated the 80th anniversary this year of the D-Day landings at Normandy and the liberation of Europe from the Nazis
one French family finally began to come to terms with the personal tragedy that befell them during the summer of 1944
troops fanned out across Normandy and the neighboring western region of Brittany to capture and secure large ports
One family's encounter with a soldier that summer would alter its destiny
66-year-old Michelle Salaün walks across a field in Brittany to the house where her mother grew up
where my grandfather has been killed and my mother raped
was shot as he tried to protect his 17-year-old daughter
who showed up at their farmhouse late one night
Tournellec left behind a widow and six children
but was left with a terrible secret and a wound that never healed
"This was a secret for all the family — my three sisters and my two brothers — nobody knew," Salaün says
soldiers in the wake of D-Day has long been a taboo subject on both sides of the Atlantic
But as historians and victims' descendents have delved into the cases over time
the accounts have challenged some of Allied forces' heroic legacy
while also revealing official racial discrimination of the time
Mary Louise Roberts, professor emerita at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, was one of the first scholars to consult French as well as U.S. archives for her 2013 book
"Towards the end of the summer of 1944 there really was a problem with rape," she says
was concerned about it." SHAEF was the acronym for the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force
Roberts says in some ways the problems were created by the U.S
To motivate soldiers it portrayed French women as highly sexualized
As an example she cites infantry newspaper Stars and Stripes
which often showed pictures of GIs embracing French women
soldiers arrived with images of France and French women as hypersexualized," Roberts says
"And they saw themselves as knights in shining armor
one French newspaper in the Normandy town of Cherbourg reported that rapes and murders were instilling fear in families across the countryside
Roberts says there's no way to know how many rapes there were
and other accounts of rape where no arrest was made or that she believes went unreported
She says the scale of sexual assault was significant enough that the U.S
military saw the need to shore up trust of its occupying forces in France
Roberts says she read notes from an Army command meeting in the late summer of 1944
She says they decided to hold Black soldiers responsible — even if they weren't
"So they decided it would be a Black problem rather than an American problem," Roberts says
"They could blame African Americans based on the belief that they were hypersexual and violent and thus exonerate white American soldiers from accusations of rape."
even though Black soldiers made up just 10% of the fighting force
And 25 out of the 29 soldiers publicly executed were Black
"[French] mayors were actually asked to put out a notice to civilians to come and watch African American soldiers being hanged for rape," she says
"Clearly the Army wanted to impress on ordinary Normans that this was a situation which the U.S
In addition to prevailing racism of the time
Roberts believes that logistical factors were likely at play in the military's decision
White soldiers involved in fighting units moved quickly from one spot to the next
making it harder to prosecute their service members suspected of a crime
That meant a Black soldier could be blamed for a rape committed by white soldier who had long moved on
Roberts' book won several awards and was well received by the U.S. Army, which gave her an appointment as a visiting professor at West Point in 2020
"In the public imagination World War II is seen as 'the good war' — especially the Normandy invasion," says Roberts
"So when my book came out it put pressure on that narrative." Roberts admits the topic is sensitive and complicated
also looks at the executions of Black soldiers in 1944 and 1945
the crimes they were accused of and the French families affected — including Michele Salaün and her siblings
Filmmaker Philippe Baron based his documentary on a book of the same name written by a French interpreter for the U.S
"He spoke English and offered himself as an interpreter in the summer of 1944 and he finds himself at the heart of these investigations led by American officers," Baron says
"Guilloux goes with them to different places and attends the court-martials
He becomes an embedded witness to history."
Baron says it was difficult to criticize the liberating Army in the 1950s and '60s
But even when Guilloux did publish his work in 1976
historians began delving into the crimes and racism of the Army in the wake of D-Day
Today Guilloux's book is considered an important historical document
Behind a graveyard in the tiny Brittany village of Plabennec
Salaün and two sisters stand at the spot where 34-year-old Pvt
was hanged for the murder of their grandfather in February 1945
although they are convinced Mack did rape their mother
It could not be admitted," says sister Jeannine Plassard
Mack, who was a cook for the U.S. Army segregated unit 578th Field Artillery Regiment (later Battalion)
though there are differing accounts of his defense
The French relatives say the thought of their young mother
being brought to witness his hanging increases their sadness
"Nobody here asked for him to be executed," says Plassard
Army did it to show it was taking responsibility
But it was the liberation and everyone was happy and finally free
Nearby in the house of brother Jean-Pierre Salaün
the siblings talk around the dining room table and show me old family photos
poisoned their mother's life and cast a dark shadow over their family
"Why did we have to keep silent about the rape of our mother and the murder of our grandfather to live in peace?" Jean-Pierre Salaün
Such was the shame that he only learned his grandfather's name when he was 15 — and asked to be told
No one ever spoke about him because that would have meant talking about what happened to their mother
They all remember their mother crying at night
"I thought it was us kids who had done something to hurt her."
He takes down from the bookshelf a book about their tiny town during World War II
"There's not a word in here about our grandfather," he says
"They even talk about how many horses were killed
Marie-Annick says D-Day anniversaries have always been hard
But what is tragic is that women are still paying the price in war
The siblings remember the children who weren't allowed to play with them
And how their mother didn't go with the other women after church to eat cakes at a cafe
"I always wondered why people looked at her differently when she was so hardworking and discreet," says Marie-Annick
She sang Brittany's traditional folk songs at local festivals
They play a tape of a clear soprano voice singing in Breton
Catherine Tournellec Salaün told her children about the rape
Marie-Annick chokes up as she remembers her mother asking
The siblings say appearing in the documentary and finally talking together about what happened has been liberating
And on the 80th anniversary of those events in August 1944
the siblings gathered at the grave of their grandfather
along with two French veterans carrying French flags
"Our grandfather may not have died for France under enemy bullets
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6 Wins / 9 Draws / 9 Losses in the Last 24 fixtures
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Ligue 1 side Brest have announced the contract extension of 21-year-old central midfielder Hugo Magnetti by 3 years
The young Frenchman made eight appearances in Ligue 1 this season and played a further three times in the Coupe de la Ligue
Sporting Director Gregory Lorenzi had the following to say upon the announcement:
“Hugo is a young player who had made several appearances with the team this season and showed good things
We are in the spirit of trying to keep our promising elements
we therefore produced this contract to prepare for the future with youngsters like him
Hugo has proved that he can succeed in the long term
He has in any case improved in his utilisation of the ball
it’s better than before when he wanted to carry it too much
He can feel the confidence of the coach and I think I saw that he is happy with that.”