You don't have permission to access the page you requested What is this page?The website you are visiting is protected.For security reasons this page cannot be displayed By defying the boundary between reality and fiction and bringing extraordinary emotions to life “immersive experiences” seduce a growing audience giving rise to the emergence of a new growing sector Because it seems important to us to support the development of this multidisciplinary sector through openness and inclusion we propose to organize these immersive days that will bring you together French actors in immersive experiences (creators once a year to allow you to exchange and better understand the challenges of the sector exchange with exhibitors and reception places Come to learn and learn from experts and peers during small group workshops Come and get the inspiration and maybe the nugget idea you have been waiting for for a long time Come and meet the French creators of immersive experiences Come and exchange with experts to better understand the challenges of this sector and identify the role you can play in it Come and show your support to this new industry that can generate new winning uses for your premises Blooloop is taking climate action and is now B Corp Certified Metrics details The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on mental health with evidence suggesting an enduring mental health crisis Studies worldwide observed increased usage of antidepressants Our study aimed to fill this gap by investigating whether the surge in the number psychotropic drug consumers in France persisted 2 years after the first lockdown particularly focusing on age and gender differences We conducted a national retrospective observational study based on the French national insurance database We retrieved all prescriptions of anxiolytics and antidepressants dispensed in pharmacies in France for the period 2015–2022 We performed interrupted time series analyses based on Poisson models for five age classes (12–18; 19–25; 26–50; 51–75; 76 and more) to assess the trend before lockdown the gap induced and the change in trend after the number of consumers remained constant for antidepressants while it decreased for anxiolytics and hypnotics a long-term increase was observed in the 12–18 and 19–25 groups for the three drug classes the increases were more pronounced for women than men except for hypnotics where the trends were similar The number of people using antidepressants continues to increase more than 2 years after the first lockdown showing a prolonged effect on mental health This effect is particularly striking among adolescents and young adults confirming the devastating long-term impact of the pandemic on their mental health Monthly hospital admissions for COVID-19 in France longitudinal studies remain rare and difficult to implement While those studies assessed psychotropic utilization until 2020 or 2021 no study has explored the evolution of psychotropic consumption in the general population after the end of the sanitary crisis These findings suggest that the pandemic’s impact on mental health persists data as recent as in this study were not yet analyzed for all the age classes and with an interest in gender effect The primary objective of our study was thus to investigate whether the increase in the number of consumers of psychotropic drugs in the general population during the pandemic has been sustained 2 years avec the first year of COVID-19 The secondary objective was to assess whether changes in psychotropics differed according to age and gender These objectives could be achieved using the French health insurance database covering the whole population The SNDS contains comprehensive individual-level data and medical consumption for outpatient and inpatient care and medications dispensed at community pharmacies it does not document drugs dispensed in hospitals We followed the reference methodology MR-007 of the Commission nationale de l’informatique et des libertés which provides a framework for access to data from the SNDS and the conduct of retrospective studies The age groups are structured as follows: 12–18 for school-aged children The analysis encompassed the overall population and was further stratified by age and sex We first described the annual number of consumers of antidepressants calculating the rate of consumers per 100 inhabitants based on Institut National de la Statistique et Etudes Economiques (INSEE) population data The annual number of consumers for a drug is defined as the number of patients who receive it at least once during the year who have had at least one dispensing of the drug in a community pharmacy we analyzed consumption trends by examining the monthly number of individuals receiving at least one box of respectively antidepressants To focus on the impact of lockdown, we analyzed the trend part as the monthly number of consumers. A Poisson model was used to model this count. To evaluate the differences in psychotropic drug consumption trends before and after the first lockdown, we used an interrupted time series (ITS) model, characterized by the following equation: where \({y}_{t}\) denotes the number of individuals for month \(t, 1\le t\le 96\) (from January 2015 to December 2022), and \({\lambda }_{t}\) represents the average number of individuals for month \(t\). \({D}_{t}\) is an indicator variable that represents the post-lockdown period: it is coded 0 if \(t\) is lower than the time of lockdown \({T}_{L}\) (March 2020; t = 64), and coded 1 otherwise. The term \(\left(t-{T}_{L}\right){D}_{t}\) represents the delay in months since the first lockdown. We presented the monthly number of patients, the estimated model, and the associated counterfactual representing the expected trend without major events like lockdowns. In 2015, the numbers of individuals consuming antidepressants, anxiolytics, and hypnotics per 100 inhabitants were 6.5, 14.3, and 6.1, respectively. In 2022, the rate for antidepressants remained constant (6.5/100 inhabitants), while it decreased for anxiolytics and hypnotics to 13.1 and 4.5 individuals per 100 inhabitants, respectively. The monthly number of individuals receiving antidepressants was decreasing by 0.021% (CI95 [0.0042; 0.022]) before the lockdown and saw an instant increase of 1.652% (CI95 [1.588; 1.716]) in March 2020 compared to the expected count without the lockdown (representing a difference of 33,222 individuals). After the lockdown, the number increased by 0.313% (CI95 [0.308; 0.317]) per month. The monthly number of individuals receiving anxiolytics was decreasing by 0.094% (CI95 [0.093; 0.094]) before the lockdown, with an instant increase of 3.701% (CI95 [3.647; 3.755]) in March 2020 compared to the expected count without the lockdown (representing a difference of 114,744 individuals). After the lockdown, this number of individuals continued to decrease by 0.100% (CI95 [0.096; 0.102]) per month. The monthly number of individuals receiving hypnotics was decreasing by 0.526% (CI95 [0.525; 0.528]) before the lockdown, with an instant increase of 4.000% (CI95 [3.911; 4.085]) in March 2020 compared to the expected count without the lockdown (representing a difference of 61,756 individuals). After the lockdown, this number of individuals continued to decrease by 0.117% (CI95 [0.111; 0.124]) every month. For the 12–18 age group, the monthly number of individuals receiving antidepressants was multiplied by 1.007 (+ 0.651%) before the first lockdown. At the onset of the lockdown, the number of individuals was multiplied by 1.030 compared to the expected number of individuals without the appearance of the lockdown (which corresponds to a difference of 321 individuals). After the lockdown, the number of individuals was multiplied by 1.026 each month (+ 2.614%). The increase after the lockdown was lower in other age groups, with respective monthly multiplication factors of 1.016 (+ 1.602%), 1.003 (+ 0.324%), 1.002 (+ 0.245%), and 1.002 (+ 0.202%) for the 19–25, 26–50, 51–75, and 76 + age groups. Concerning anxiolytics, trends prior to the initial lockdown showed slight fluctuations by age group. The lockdown period saw an increase in all age groups. Post-lockdown, there was an increase in the 12–18 and 19–25 age groups, with an increase of + 0.803% and + 0.485% for the 12–18 and 19–25 groups, respectively. Other age groups experienced declines. Evolution of monthly drug consumers from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2022, according to age group and drug considered Evolution of monthly drug consumers from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2022 according to age and sex group and drug considered the most important differences between females and males were found for the 12–18 and the 19–25 age groups with respective increases of + 1.132% versus + 0.151% for 12–18 and + 2.171% versus + 0.121% for 19–25 For hypnotic consumption, the 12–18 age group reported the most pronounced increases with + 4.993% and + 5.117% for females and males, respectively. In the 19–25 years old group, females presented an increase of + 0.835% while males had an increase of + 0.321%. Coefficients for other age groups are closer between men and women and are presented in Table 2 where there has been a continuous rise since 2020 The important increase in antidepressant and anxiolytic use among adolescents may be related to the severity of their symptoms and/or limited access to psychiatric and psychological support limiting non-pharmacological treatment options A combination of these factors likely contributes to the increased difficulties experienced by women due to the pandemic it would be important to assess whether the increase in antidepressant and anxiolytic use is associated with a decrease or increase in suicidal attempts due to more systematic treatment of mental health symptoms or more severe symptoms The increase in demand for medical consultations likely reflects an increase in symptoms we considered a large reference period of 5 years before the pandemic to evaluate trends in the use of psychotropic drugs by stratifying the population by age and sex we were able to identify more precisely the most severely affected populations Our study has some limitations that should be considered the results are based on treatments delivered in pharmacies and it is not possible to determine the number of treatments consumed anxiolytics and antidepressants may have been prescribed for reasons other than anxiety or depression we cannot generalize our results to other countries with different pandemic impacts the statistical model used can be discussed as it could be considered non-optimal according to the complexity of the prescription rates’ evolution over time we do not have access to more detailed sociodemographic information and evolutionary data at the diagnostic level the rising antidepressant use indicates a prolonged effect on mental health particularly striking among adolescents and young adults anxiolytic and hypnotic consumption has also critically increased since the lockdown highlighting the devastating pandemic’s prolonged impact on their mental health Addressing young people’s mental health is a critical public issue and there is an urgent need to strengthen prevention The data are available only with authorization from the French health insurance medico-administrative database Institut National de la Statistique et Etudes Economiques French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies French health insurance medico-administrative database The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on first-line primary care in southeastern France: feedback on the implementation of a real-time monitoring system based on regional health insurance data Place of death in France: impact of the first wave (March–May 2020) of the COVID-19 epidemic depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: a systematic review Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China Factors associated with mental health disorders among university students in France confined during the COVID-19 pandemic The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence Impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns on the consumption of anxiolytics hypnotics and antidepressants according to age groups: a French nationwide study Long-term impact of COVID-19 on mental health among the general public: a nationwide longitudinal study in China Mental health symptoms of university students 15 months after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in France Mental health during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: a review and recommendations for moving forward Psychotropic drugs consumption during 2020 COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns: evidence of a surprising resilience of the drugs delivery system in France Psychotropic medication use and psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic among Danish children Sales trends of psychotropic drugs in the COVID-19 pandemic: a national database study in Brazil Gender differences in emotional response to the COVID-19 outbreak in Spain Psychotropic drug purchases during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy and their relationship with mobility restrictions and hypnotics during the COVID-19 pandemic in Scandinavia and consumption of psychotropic drugs during lockdown by COVID-19 according to gender and age Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychotropic drug consumption Trends in psychotropic drug consumption among French military personnel during the COVID-19 epidemic Psychotropic consumption before and during COVID-19 in Asturias Suicidality in children and adolescents: lessons to be learned from the COVID-19 crisis Association between suicide behaviours in children and adolescents and the COVID-19 lockdown in Paris France: a retrospective observational study Regional differences in access to the outdoors and outdoor play of Canadian children and youth during the COVID-19 outbreak Stress and mental health among children/adolescents and young adults during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Switzerland Trajectories of children and adolescents attending a psychiatric emergency unit during the COVID-19 confinements: 2020–2022 longitudinal study Urgent care and suicidal behavior in the child and adolescent population in a psychiatric emergency department in a Spanish province during the two COVID-19 states of alarm French administrative health care database (SNDS): the value of its enrichment Seasonal changes and decrease of suicides and suicide attempts in France over the last 10 years Seasonal trends in antidepressant prescribing anxiety and self-harm in adolescents and young adults: an open cohort study using English primary care data Briot M, Opeps O. parlementaire d`évaluation des politiques de santé. Le bon usage des médicaments psychotropes. Paris: Assemblée nationale; 2006. 500 p. (Rapport). Available from: http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/12/rap-off/i3187.asp Previous drug exposure in patients hospitalised for acute liver injury: a case-population study in the French National Healthcare Data System Patient visits and prescriptions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from 2017–2021: impacts of COVID-19 pandemic in primary care Changes in the top 25 reasons for primary care visits during the COVID-19 pandemic in a high-COVID region of Canada Prevalence of mental health problems among children with long COVID: a systematic review and meta-analysis Time trends in mental health indicators in Germany’s adult population before and during the COVID-19 pandemic Estimating the prevalence of depression associated with healthcare use in France using administrative databases Download references We acknowledge the ULR2694 Metrics and the F2RSM Psy teams for their support This research received no specific grant from any funding agency Fédération Régionale de Recherche en Psychiatrie Et Santé Mentale - F2RSM Psy Chloé Saint-Dizier & Maxime Bubrovszky ULR 2694-METRICS: Évaluation des Technologies de santé et des Pratiques médicales Department of Methodology and Biostatistics Mathieu Levaillant & Jean-François Hamel-Broza U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition Centre National de Ressources Et de Résilience (Cn2r) Lille-Paris All authors read and approved the final manuscript As this research does not involve human participants but administrative database informed consent and ethical committee submission were not applicable to this study All authors consent for the publication of the article Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03496-8 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for 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