will step down from the position this summer after more than five years at the helm of the French firm The chairwoman of Rémy Cointreau’s board of directors announced that the board had ‘duly noted’ Vallat’s resignation which comes after he decided to ‘dedicate himself to a new professional project’ A selection process is already underway to appoint Vallat’s successor The firm says it is looking for a person who will continue while building on the solid foundations established over the years De Leusse will oversee the transition period ensuring the continuity of the group’s operations and the implementation of its strategic direction I would like to express our sincere gratitude to Eric for his commitment and more recently a volatile economic and geopolitical environment Eric has successfully maintained the course of a long-term value-driven strategy the group implemented a portfolio strategy that enabled us to gain market share for our liqueurs and spirits division develop an efficient and effective digital plan and strengthen the transition to sustainable development We wish him every success in his future endeavours.”  Vallat added: “It is with immense gratitude and deep emotion that I reflect on my journey at Rémy Cointreau I will be leaving the group with the sense of having strengthened its foundations and I am convinced that my future successor will be able to rely on strong brands to prepare for the recovery and give new momentum to our value strategy “My commitment will remain total until my official departure date to ensure a successful transition I would like to warmly thank all the employees with whom I had the pleasure of working over the past five exciting years and the executive committee who supported me throughout my tenure.” In January, Rémy Cointreau reported an organic sales drop of 17.8% in the first nine months of 2024-25 with a decline of 21.5% in the third quarter There have been changes at the top for a number of drinks firms so far this year, with one ex-Diageo executive joining Dropworks as CEO last month, and blended whisky brand Compass Box also naming a new leader. We are using cookies to give you the best experience on our website You can find out more about which cookies we are using or switch them off in settings This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings we will not be able to save your preferences This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again Please select what you would like included for printing: Copy the text below and then paste that into your favorite email application accepted her invitation from our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ on October 16 1951 to the late Roy and Lucille Hackey Chase formerly National Bureau of Standards in 2003 Vallet was an avid fan of Western television - a lifetime of memories lasting an amazing 51 years Vallet is also survived by 'self proclaimed' mommas boy Marie Gillis (Carl); three brothers: Ellis-Ray Also left to cherish in her memories are granddaughter Oleta and Heaven; great-granddaughters Kyia Vallet was predeceased by three sisters: Norine Girlean and Lavana alongside four brothers: Earvin The family will receive friends on Wednesday A funeral service will immediately follow at 11:00 AM Interment will follow at Resthaven Memorial Gardens Enter your phone number above to have directions sent via text This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply Service map data © OpenStreetMap contributors associate account executive at Sustainable PR which describes itself as a “green” public relations fir… Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device Account processing issue - the email address may already exist Invalid password or account does not exist Submitting this form below will send a message to your email with a link to change your password An email message containing instructions on how to reset your password has been sent to the email address listed on your account The New Orleans Saints mourn the loss of former grounds superintendent and beloved longtime staff member Lester Vallet Sr. who passed away on Friday at the age of 101 The Baton Rouge native was drafted into the United States Army following the attack on Pearl Harbor and served from 1942 until 1945 Vallet served as a saddle maker with the ninth and tenth Cavalry Regiments before being reassigned to the 1700th Engineer Combat Battalion Vallet and his outfit worked to construct and deconstruct bridges across the Rhine River in Europe Vallet returned home and was discharged with the rank of Sergeant Vallet was associated with the Saints organization for over 30 years including serving as grounds superintendent for over a decade starting in 1979 where he was responsible for the maintenance of the team's complex of practice fields meeting rooms and locker rooms at the club's original practice facility located off David Drive in Metairie Vallet's first exposure to serving the Saints franchise came when he held the position of stadium superintendent at Tulane University for 12 years including when Tulane Stadium was the team's home from 1967-74 Vallet served as the field crew supervisor at their current home before joining the Saints staff on a full-time basis in 1979 is survived by their son Lester Vallet Jr. who was also a longtime member of the team's facilities/grounds department following his father's retirement Collaboration will encompass a series of joint initiatives and community programs in both New Orleans and Paris Cette collaboration englobera une série d'initiatives conjointes des activités d'engagement des fans et des programmes communautaires à la Nouvelle-Orléans et à Paris the NFL app and NFL+ for Schedule Release '25 Three-time All-Pro missed all of 2024 season with knee injury Annual golf tournament features current New Orleans Saints players coaches and front office personnel and Saints legends  Five-year deal kicks off with 2025-26 Saints and Pelicans seasons Legendary Saints quarterback Archie Manning says Simmons was 'the best' Upwards of 3,000 attendees of all ages across the region engaged in hands-on learning The Joe Gemelli "Fleur-De-Lis" Award winner served on the Saints Athletic Training staff for 44 years one of the longest tenured members of the Saints organization DC Brandon Staley to coaching roster ahead of 2025 NFL season 10 schools will be a part of the growing program that empowers young female athletes and fosters a passion for football Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker Dautle knew she wanted to be an engineer but wasn’t sure which specialty Contact: Libby HaydelCommunications Manager225-578-4840ehaydel1@lsu.edu LSU College of EngineeringPatrick F LA 70803Telephone: 225-578-4630Fax: 225-578-9162 Copyright Louisiana State University Sign In Register He had endured several years of living with the increasingly debilitating effects of Parkinson’s Disease but managed to keep active with regular golf games with friends gym workouts and walks for most of that time Al began his life in the heartland of Alberta growing up with one older brother and two younger ones on a farm near Stettler He worked hard on the family farm and carried that strong work ethic into his future career He started driving truck and in the late 1960’s began his oilfield career in wireline work He then moved on to become one of the first Canadians trained in the art of “snubbing” He would eventually launch several different companies specializing in pressure control services he developed innovative wellhead and downhole equipment which were tailored to work with snubbing and coil tubing equipment Al was very respected within the pressure control industry and many people would attest to his sage advice and solutions brought forward on tough jobs and situations with many innovations developed by him that can still be seen in today's modern equipment and current techniques Those working in snubbing today are indebted to him for the designs and techniques still used on a daily basis Al met and married a single mother named Thelma They then had three more children – Cherise Al acknowledged another daughter – Sandy – from a long-past relationship Al will be remembered for his gentle and quiet nature his distinguished career in the oilfield (often referred to as “The Old Man”) his mastery of BarBQ cuisine (his ribs were legendary) and his abiding love for the Oilers.  Kale (Trina) and Sandy (Armin) as well as his grandchildren; Rael (Jess) Stephanie(Scott) and Tyler,  his great-grandchildren; Cameron Ruby and Owen and Al’s one surviving brother Al’s family wishes to thank the caring staff at Big Hill Lodge in Cochrane where Al resided for the past couple of years prior to going to extended care.  Also nurses and doctor of Unit 84 at the Rockyview Hospital in Calgary for exceptional care and compassion shown to Al and his family during the difficult final week of his life He has left a us a rich legacy and will be greatly missed by all.  Rest now Al, fly high and be a good angel A Celebration of Life will be held at a future date More NATIONAL OBITUARIES > Like a puzzle piece, the French studio Vallet de Martinis Architectes has assembled an educational complex that is part of a large-scale operation to enhance the agro-industrial land on which it is located on a plot in the municipality of Brétigny-sur-Orge surrounded by several gardens and a network of houses and collective housing operations typical of the area surrounding the outskirts of Paris The project consists of a school group that includes in its programme a nursery school a catering centre and a leisure centre without accommodation as an institutional statement and benefiting from very good urban visibility is governed as an intimate building with essential uses whose identification goes unnoticed resulting in being identifiable as a public institution Developed from a series of different volumes with three distinct programmatic entities, the educational centre developed by Vallet de Martinis Architectes that the “Claudie Haigneré” School Group is understood as a whole and despite its large surface area manages to create a unique universe in which children can feel a sense of belonging in the place and make it their own their thickness and dimensioning in such a way that it develops perspectives towards the surrounding landscape serving as a transition between the city and the intimacy of the school It also creates welcoming spaces based on a structural framework laid out by the different materials that compose it which allow visitors to benefit from easy and optimal circulation with a large presence of plants and atmospheres of tranquility achieved thanks to the correct treatment of light and colour inside "Claudie Haigneré" School Group by Vallet de Martinis Architectes Project description by Vallet de Martinis Architectes The school group of the ZAC Clause Bois Badeau is part of a vast operation to enhance the agro-industrial wasteland located to the west of the Brétigny-sur-Orge train station whose first residents began to settle in 2012 a catering center and a leisure center without accommodation (ALSH) it fits into a plot surrounded by the Joncs Marins a network of small houses and some collective housing operations The school group benefits from very good urban visibility Its three main facades are oriented towards significant spaces: · The forecourt overlooks Avenue Jacqueline de Romilly and is the main entrance to the building The structural framework is highlighted on this main façade as well as on Rue des Cendrennes or on Jardin de Traverse in order to give an overall homogeneity to the school group · The south of the plot overlooks Jardin de Traverse designated as the "schoolchildren's path" of the urban project This pedestrian and cycle path irrigates the entire district in depth It offers the possibility of hosting children's games educational gardens or even vegetable gardens · To the north of the plot is Rue des Cendrennes which marks the boundary between the urbanization of the Orge valley and Joncs Marins This small street constitutes the secondary access to the school group: staff parking delivery area and access to the multipurpose room positioned at the corner of Avenue de Romilly the elementary courtyard is oriented towards the forest and the vast landscape Institutional affirmation and the intimacy of uses are essential to the identification of the project this place is identifiable as a public institution The work done on the volumes and facades highlights the school group within a fabric mainly composed of individual houses and collective housing The entrances are mainly defined on the Avenue de Romilly which is directly linked to the forecourt an interface between the city and the school the entrances are distinguishable by a play of hollows and a concrete materiality Discretion is also required in a school group their thickness and dimensioning as well as the spacing of the wooden posts on the facade make it a discreet space for its users It is not possible to clearly distinguish the uses linked to the school group from the outside The interior spaces are mainly turned inwards allowing the classrooms to be at a distance from direct contact with the public space Transversalities are created on the site through the layout of voids (courtyards) and solids (learning and activity spaces) The layout of the courtyards provides transversalities towards the built environment or nature The cloister model for the nursery school benefits from transversalities towards the built environment while the “L” model for the elementary school benefits from transversalities towards nature These transversalities provide children with peaceful spaces and great ease of orientation within the schools The project thus finds its balance between the centrality of the courtyard characteristic of the institution’s introversion The project also aims to develop perspectives towards the surrounding landscape The Jardin de Traverse and the Joncs Marins are the two privileged views of the building Since children spend more time in the classrooms than in the courtyard the exercise rooms of the two schools are turned towards the outside: the Jardin de Traverse for the nursery school; the Sea Rushes and the forest for the elementary school Architectural biasThe forecourt is imagined as a large transition space between the city and the intimacy of the school contribute to the affirmation of the scale and institutional status of the school group The three hollow entrances on the facade rue de Romilly make it possible to offer a simple reading of the entire building and orientation in the establishment The children of the nursery school access the hall directly facing the courtyard the children who go to after-school care access the hall facing the first patio and the pupils of the elementary school access the third majestic hall in double height including a monumental straight wooden staircase This hall is directly linked to the courtyard and the multipurpose room The three volumes constitute the conceptual order of the project: three programmatic entities for three architectural volumes The city's residents must be able to distinguish the school group as being the meeting of three different entities within the same place The different levels of the building follow the child's school career from kindergarten on the ground floor to CM2 on the first floor The nursery school and the elementary school are clearly distinguished in plan The nursery school is only deployed on the ground floor with the exception of two buffer classes placed on R+1 The elementary school is arranged on two levels: on the ground floor for the common areas and on R+1 for all the classrooms and adult premises The nursery school is positioned to the south of the plot while the elementary school is arranged to the north The common areas such as all the ALHS premises the common area and the catering are located in the center of the two schools Homogeneity within the project is also a key concept allowing it to be understood as the Clause Bois Badeau school group as a whole This is achieved by asserting the structure of the building on the facade and using the same materials: wooden posts on concrete bases interstices in terracotta brick and large wooden glazed frames A structural framework is therefore developed throughout the project Treatment of light and materialsThe treatment of natural light shapes the space The orientations and openings make it possible to obtain different treatments of natural light depending on the spaces while ensuring a generous solar contribution thanks to a cloister organization of the courtyard benefit from optimal sunshine throughout the day Those of the after-school care center have large bay windows overlooking the patios and large glass frames with moucharabieh on the upper floor for the only circulation that serves all the elementary classrooms the thickness of the frame makes it possible to arrange the classrooms on either side of the circulation while opening the end widely onto the Seagrass The transparencies at all points of the school allow for a fairly global perception of the environment vegetation asserts its presence and contributes to the general well-being Interior spacesInterior spaces are primarily aimed at children The school seeks to create a unique universe in which children can identify with the place and make it their own The first vector of identification is signage by integrating easily identifiable logos and at the same time didactic shower rooms and dining rooms are adapted to the height of children The colors and shapes are adapted to the collective imagination of children If children recognize themselves in the treatment of certain spaces they must also be able to leave their mark on them Display areas dedicated to children's interventions are thus provided within the building Storage spaces under the benches and coat hooks are spaces that children can invest with their personal belongings Outdoor spacesEach hall of the school group is directly connected to an outdoor space: the schools are oriented towards the classes while the after-school care opens onto the patios The playground of the nursery schools in the cloister allows the pupils to detach themselves from the city while the playground of the elementary school is oriented towards the forest and the refectory This creates a link with the great landscape of the Joncs Marins and easy access to the refectory The large roof surfaces are planted in different ways The roofs of the ground floor accommodate the educational gardens the ornamental gardens but also a vegetable garden and a nursery The children are therefore detached from the ground floor to turn towards the sky a first large patio of approximately 110m² provides soft light and interactions between the children in the heart of the activity rooms on two levels A second 70m² patio allows the elementary refectory to be entirely oriented towards an abundantly planted exterior The rest room of the ALSH maternal is positioned between these two patios in order to offer it a double orientation inspiring appeasement Vallet de Martinis Architectes. Contractors.- BETCI – AI Environnement - ERA paysagiste.Project Manager.- Skander CHAGOUR Charly Broyez. the architectural studio Vallet de Martinis Architectes led by Antoine Vallet and Guillaume de Martinis is currently based in both Paris and Bordeaux Their work is first and foremost a work on materials It leads their team to question all the premises that make a building not just fulfil its sole function but go beyond to become architecture The field of application of working with materials is wide it is a physical act of transforming materials into volumes It is a sensitive reflection on light and voids It is a responsible choice in terms of economy sustainability and the provenance of materials It is a search for rationality as intelligent simplicity While they recognise work guided by sensibilities they do not want to limit it to certainties They believe that there is no universal truth nor immutable principles that can be applied like a recipe A project is a sum of data and factors to be taken into account From there they decide whether to ignore it defending their initial position at all costs "Only once we have examined the range of possibilities can we propose what we consider to be an adequate response."  Archive Architecture Volume 2 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/frans.2022.1051955 This article is part of the Research TopicPlant-Microbe OmicsView all 5 articles Bloom-forming phytoplankton are key players in aquatic ecosystems fixing carbon dioxide and forming the base of the marine food web and pathogen emergence can influence the health and dynamics of algal populations While population responses to these stressors are well-documented in the aquatic ecosystems little is known about the individual cellular adaptations These are however the key to an in-depth physiological understanding of microbiome dynamics in the plankton Finding solutions to disease control in aquaculture also depends on knowledge of infection dynamics and physiology in algae Single-cell metabolomics can give insight into infection processes by providing a snapshot of small molecules within a biological system We used a single-cell metabolome profiling workflow to track metabolic changes of diatoms and dinoflagellates subjected to parasite infection caused by the oomycete Lagenisma coscinodisci and the alveolate Parvilucifera spp We accurately classified the healthy phenotype of bloom-forming phytoplankton including the diatoms Coscinodiscus granii and Coscinodiscus radiatus and the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum We discriminated the infection of the toxic dinoflagellate A minutum with the alveolate parasitoids Parvilucifera infectans and P rostrata down to the single-cell resolution Strain and species-specific responses of the diatom hosts Coscinodiscus spp Infected with the oomycete pathogen Lagenisma coscinodisci could be recognized LC-HRMS and fragmentation pattern analysis enabled the structure elucidation of metabolic predictors of infection (guanine The purine salvage pathway and DMSP lysis could be assigned as regulated processes during host invasion The findings establish single-cell metabolome profiling with LDI-HRMS coupled with classification analysis as a reliable diagnostic tool to track metabolic changes in algae • Intracellular parasitic diseases control the health and dynamics of bloom-forming algae but are strenuous to detect in natural populations and aquacultures • We use a single-cell LDI-HRMS profiling workflow coupled with classification analysis to track metabolic changes of diatoms and dinoflagellates subjected to parasitic intracellular infection caused by oomycete Lagenisma coscinodisci and alveolate Parvilucifera spp We developed and applied a single-cell analysis pipeline starting with live infected and non-infected host cells that are kept at ambient pressure temperature and salinity until disruption by a laser pulse Data are generated within milliseconds and can be evaluated by multivariate statistical methods to characterize the respective LDI-HRMS spectra We can resolve cellular individuality in phytoplankton populations thereby paving the way to understanding species survival in infected communities We also unravel cellular metabolic re-wiring associated with parasitism by combining single-cell metabolomics with classification analysis based on a Support-Vector Machine algorithm The diagnostic identification of stressed cells provides a new method to characterize parasite infection in diatoms and dinoflagellates populations This delivered LDI-HRMS profiles from infected or healthy algal cells that could be further statistically evaluated Single-cell metabolomics workflow provides cellular profiles with LDI-HRMS of phytoplankton under biotic stresses The workflow combines cell sorting and microscopic observations and classification analysis to assign healthy diagnostic in algal individuals Single-cell metabolomics revealed individual responses in bloom-forming phytoplankton during parasite infection The classification analysis was conducted for the alga-parasite models (A) Coscinodiscus granii—Lagenisma coscinodisci (B) Coscinodiscus radiatus—Lagenisma coscinodisci and (C) Alexandrium minutum—Parvilucifera spp Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (left side plots) demonstrate the ability to classify the healthy phenotype of phytoplankton with high performance as testified by the area under the ROC curve (AUC) values The confidence interval (95% CI) estimates a low variance of the AUC the predicted class probabilities were plotted for algal individuals for each alga–parasite model (center plots The healthy phenotype was assigned correctly as predicted for algal individuals Most significant features classifiers (m/z) found as top classifiers by the model are shown and ranked by their mean decreased accurary (Right side plots) The classification analysis for Coscinodiscus granii and Coscinodiscus radiatius dataset using the SVM algorithm (model with 100 features) and for Alexandrium minutum dataset using the Random forest algorithm (model with 100 Features) The low matching and identified features might be explained either because the different ionization type between LCMS and LDI-MS yields different ions or because the extraction with methanol enabled the recovery of different metabolites The poor matching with MS and MS/MS databases could also be due to either the metabolites could be new unreported structures or the MS data for those compounds are not yet available in the screened databases The fact that DMSP was identified as a metabolic predictor of Alexandrium minutum infected by P infectans in our study indicates a conserved mechanism in the parasitoid genus Parvilucifera involving DMS as a chemical trigger we suggest that DMSP might be a crucial regulator of Parvilucifera infection and might contribute to the bloom termination of the harmful alga A Single-cell profiling with LDI-HRMS can discriminate healthy from infected cells in plankton communities We provide an analytical workflow starting from single-cell isolation to the generation and evaluation of single-cell profiles obtained from LDI-HRMS The data allow for correctly diagnosing parasite infection in two major phytoplankton groups We highlight strain-specific differences for diseases caused by the parasitoids L The metabolite classifiers identified using HRMS/MS analysis in bulk populations granted us some insights into the infection mechanism This framework opens a venue to trace parasite epidemics in natural phytoplankton populations and study the effects of biotic stresses on the metabolism of algal individuals at fine time scales The parasite cell suspension was obtained by adding 100 µL of infected cells to 30 mL cultures of the respective host during its exponential growth phase Full nutrient-depleted diatom cells were recovered from healthy cultures after 15 days of incubation under the conditions of the oomycete/diatom models minutum cultures in the late exponential growth phase (cell concentration of 5 × 104 cell mL−1) were inoculated into 24-well plates (Sarstedt Germany) and treated with 100 µL of a parasite cell suspension (104 cell mL−1) for 2 weeks All infection experiments were conducted in biological replicates. The degree of replication and the number of single-cell mass spectrometry profiles recorded are given in Supplementary Table S2 Light microscopy pictures were taken with a × 40 and × 20 magnification with a 0.4 Ph2-Korr Achroplan objective with an Axiovert200 microscope (Carl Zeiss AG Single algal cells from untreated or parasite-treated cultures were sorted by pipetting under a Stereomicroscope (STB150 and apparent disease symptoms (development of fungal hyphae presence of sporangium) were recorded before LDI-HRMS analysis Host cells were inspected with a stereomicroscope (VWR International GmbH, Dresden, Germany) and a digital microscope (Keyence, Neu-Isenburg, Germany) and 100 µL of cell suspension were sampled using a pipette following the previously described procedure (Baumeister et al., 2019) 100 µL of selected cell suspension was transferred to a sterile GF/C filter beforehand cut in rectangles of 15 × 12 mm and wetted with 50 µL sterile medium The samples were mounted and analyzed without any further preparation with an atmospheric pressure-scanning microprobe laser desorption ionization ion source (AP-SMALDI10 Germany) equipped with a UV (337 nm) nitrogen laser (LTB MNL-106LD Single cells were visually targeted with the laser on a GF/C filter by using an AP-SMALDI camera and the laser irradiation completely disrupted the cell within a minute yielding desorbed/ionized molecules The AP-SMALDI10 ion source was coupled to a Q-Exactive™ Plus mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific MS data were collected using the Xcalibur software v.2.8 build 2806 (Thermo Fisher Scientific Samples were analyzed in positive ionization mode with a laser spot size of 10 μm The number of laser shots per spot was set to 30 (approximately 1.2 μJ × shot−1) and a laser frequency of 60 Hz The mass range was m/z 100 to m/z 1000 with a resolving power from 140 000 up to 280 000 A resolving power of 280 000 was used for analyzing diatom-Lagenisma samples and 140 000 for dinoflagellate-Parvilucifera samples Single cells were targeted for 1 minute with the laser The dinoflagellate-Parvilucifera dataset comprised 23 samples from healthy cells (A minutum n = 23) and 12 samples from infected cultures at the sporangium stage with apparent symptoms (P Figures were prepared in Adobe® Illustrator CS6 The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/Supplementary Material AB and MT isolated and identified the oomycete and diatom strains FK performed sample preparation and LDI-HRMS analysis and wrote the manuscript with contributions from all co-authors This work was supported by an MPG Fellowship awarded to GP and has been funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG German Research Foundation) under Germany´s Excellence Strategy—EXC 2051—Project-ID 390713860 MT is supported by the government of Hessen in the framework of the LOEWE centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG) MV and GP are each supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG We thank Ute Kieb from the Helgoland marine station for providing seawater and plankton samples The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frans.2022.1051955/full#supplementary-material prevalence and dynamics of Parvilucifera parasitoids during recurrent blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Identification to species level of live single microalgal cells from plankton samples with matrix-free laser/desorption ionization mass spectrometry PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Live single-cell metabolomics with matrix-free laser/desorption ionization mass spectrometry to address microalgal physiology PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Evidence for parasite-mediated selection during short-lasting toxic algal blooms PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Dual culture of the oomycete Lagenisma coscinodisci Drebes and Coscinodiscus diatoms as a model for plankton/parasite interactions CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Feeding selectivity of the harpacticoid copepod Canuella perplexa in benthic muddy environments demonstrated by HPLC analyses of chlorin and carotenoid pigments CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Purine and pyrimidine transporters of pathogenic protozoa – conduits for therapeutic agents PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) plots: A fundamental evaluation tool in clinical medicine CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Concentrations of dimethylsulphoniopropionate and activities of dimethylsulphide-producing enzymes in batch cultures of nine dinoflagellate species CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Intracellular infection of diverse diatoms by an evolutionary distinct relative of the fungi CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Using MetaboAnalyst 4.0 for comprehensive and integrative metabolomics data analysis PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Temporal and spatial signaling mediating the balance of the plankton microbiome CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Lagenisma coscinodisci new genus new species a representative of lagenidiales from the marine diatom Coscinodiscus Veroeffentlichungen des Instituts fuer Meeresforschung Bremerhaven 3 Google Scholar Dührkop Systematic classification of unknown metabolites using high-resolution fragmentation mass spectra PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Dührkop Searching molecular structure databases with tandem mass spectra using CSI:FingerID PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Advances in mass spectrometry based single-cell metabolomics PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Direct metabolomics for plant cells by live single-cell mass spectrometry PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Myzozoa) is a generalist parasitoid of dinoflagellates PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Host-released dimethylsulphide activates the dinoflagellate parasitoid Parvilucifera sinerae PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar MALDIquant: a versatile R package for the analysis of mass spectrometry data PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar with special emphasis on dinoflagellate infections CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Light-independent cell death induced by accumulation of Pheophorbide a in Arabidopsis thaliana PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Hörtensteiner Biochimica Biophysica Acta (BBA) - 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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited in accordance with accepted academic practice distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms *Correspondence: Marine Vallet, bXZhbGxldEBpY2UubXBnLmRl Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish Corey Hoshor of Eleanor and Jeremy Vallet of Logan came from one stroke back at the end of day one to win the West Virginia Golf Association’s (WVGA) Four-Ball Championship on the Raven Course at Snowshoe Resort with a 13 under par 131 They were two strokes ahead of Joseph Kalaskey of South Charleston and Ryan Bilby of Follansbee who finished at 11 under par 133.  Two-time West Virginia Four-Ball Champions Sam O’Dell of Hurricane and Pat Carter of Huntington finished third at 10 under par 134 followed by the team of Brian Anania of Scott Depot and Nick Fleming of Cabins and the team of Cam Roam and Duncan Waugaman “There was some great play today on our great course.  We congratulate Corey and Jeremy on their win.  I was happy to have partnered with my buddy Larry Kalaskey today.” Davey Jude of Kermit and Christian Brand of Hurricane took the win at nine under par 135 The Second Flight Division saw Evan Merlo and Patrick Smith of Beckley finish at one under par 143 The Third Flight Division saw Larry Kalaskey of South Charleston and Chester Guzek of Snowshoe win after a scorecard playoff with Chuck Hudson and Matt Larrabee “The lesson from this weekend is that a day can make quite a difference!  We want to congratulate our champions and all our division winners on some outstanding performances,” said WVGA Executive Director Chris Slack Click here for the day’s leaderboard For more information please visit wvga.org West Virginia Governor Patrick Morrisey has signed over 200 new bills into law – Join us Friday May 9th from 5 to 7pm at Academy Park in Lewisburg The following Death Certificates were filed in McDowell County between April 28 and May 4: Filed April 28 2025: The following Marriage Certificates were filed Get stories thatempower and uplift weekly Δdocument.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value" An official website of the United States government Publications No publications listed for this employee Jeff Vallet was appointed as the Midwest Associate Director Vallet fills the second Associate Director position in the Midwest Area Director’s Office Vallet is no stranger to the Midwest Area previously serving as the Acting Center Director of the U.S Wisconsin in 2018 and as the Acting Associate Director in the Midwest Area Director’s Office in 2019 (1988) degrees from the University of Florida From 1988 to 1990 he was a Research Associate at the University of Nottingham in the United Kingdom working on mechanisms of luteolysis and maternal recognition of pregnancy in sheep Meat Animal Research Center in Clay Center NE where he investigated factors contributing to uterine capacity in pigs he became Research Leader for the Reproduction Research Unit at the U.S Unit scientists focused on aspects of swine reproductive physiology swine genomics and beef cattle reproductive physiology Vallet’s research contributed significantly to the area of pregnancy physiology in pigs including control of uterine development and factors contributing to placental function He also performed research on factors influencing preweaning survival in piglets Vallet served as the National Program Leader for Food Animal Production (NP101) and co-led the National Program for Grass Forage and Rangelands Agroecosystems (NP215) from 2016 to 2021 The National Program for Food Animal Production focuses on research to improve nutritional and reproductive efficiency in livestock Forage and Rangelands Agroecosystems focuses on foundational science genetic and genomic selection of forage plants and systemwide management methods to enhance pasture and rangeland function The dates displayed for an article provide information on when various publication milestones were reached at the journal that has published the article activities on preceding journals at which the article was previously under consideration are not shown (for instance submission All content on this site: Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V., its licensors, and contributors. 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Volume 9 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2022.864016 This article is part of the Research TopicWomen in Science: Materials 2021View all 8 articles There is a clear need for increasingly versatile and effective implantable biomaterials and to train qualified personnel for research and development in the field of biomaterials design and manufacturing science and technology are imposing new designs with combinations of new biomaterials and new design and manufacturing technologies (biomimetic biomaterials and drug delivery) that will revolutionize the field of implants in the short term Biomaterials are part of biomedical engineering and bring together knowledge from the world of science being a multidisciplinary field where borders have no place Health engineering encompasses the study of prostheses and implants and all the chemistry and biology that this entails The field of biomaterials always implies a coordinated effort among different experts in several areas of knowledge the work in biomaterials would not be such since it would consist of the isolated study of different aspects that although they may constitute interesting basic studies escape the final objective of the biomaterial which requires the realization of many stages beginning with the manufacture of the material to be used continuing with the processing and control of both quality and biohealth requirements and ending with the clinical application and its follow-up From the first idea on what to manufacture to solve a problem up to the insertion of an implant in the patient there is a lot of work involving many professionals as diverse as the doctor remarkably diverse experts must therefore intervene Translation from the laboratory to the patient’s bed there is another important reflection to make: drugs are or can be intimately linked to the world of biomaterials This is nothing more than a consequence of the interdisciplinary quality of science; it needs the knowledge of many areas for any scientific development although nanomedicine had not yet begun its journey when biomaterials and drugs were already in their teens I think it is essential to contemplate them together and are the ones that are currently being used Regenerative medicine (RM) emerged from clinical practices the use of scaffolds based on biomaterials or the transplantation of organs or bone marrow and is closely related to tissue engineering inflammatory process induced by scaffolding or the need to take immunosuppressive drugs after organ transplantation The bases of RM are human stem cells that can be of adult or embryonic origin and can also be the so-called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) obtained by reprogramming of adult cells obtaining iPS cells is an attractive approach as it involves the transfer of genes to human cells which brings RM closer to gene and cellular therapies regeneration describes the process by which lost tissue is replaced by the proliferation of specialized cells in particular stem cells that can stimulate regeneration repair is the replacement of lost tissue with granulation tissue that matures to form scar tissue Organ regeneration is different from organ repair after an injury Repair leads to restoration by synthesis of scar tissue without restoration of normal tissue Since the goal of RM is to return the patient to a healthy state repair can be considered within technologies such as surgery the goal of regeneration is to restore impaired function and is an interdisciplinary field of research focused on the repair or organs to restore impairment of function resulting from birth defects RM uses several techniques that go beyond traditional biomolecule transplantation and substitution therapies and reprogramming of cell and tissue types there are commercial MR-based products to treat skin ulcers or knee cartilage lesions These therapies usually include a scaffold made of biomaterials It is expected that there will be more therapies with embryonic stem cells as well as more therapies with embryonic stem cells and temporary scaffolds but in those situations where structural tissue is needed although stem cells are the central element of RM many clinical applications need the use of scaffolds Regenerative medicine has gained remarkable momentum due to the aging population The needs of tissue replacement/repair and the great developments in science and technology of the 21st century have driven an accelerated and sustained growth in the use of biomaterials for numerous clinical areas with a great economic and social impact Collaboration between doctors and basic researchers is essential to reach a solution applied in medicine it is difficult to have the necessary time to achieve this effective interaction since clinicians have an enormous clinical workload and do not usually have much time to devote to research and those who do it with enormous effort cannot do it systematically and constantly the language used by both parties is different the academic must understand well what the clinician needs to be able to carry out for an effective work and have a lot of patience to get to fruition which is another cause to make more difficult a continuous and systematic work that involves meeting frequently to understand mutual needs and seek solutions as well as constantly monitoring the progress and/or failures that are being achieved Biomedical devices have a high added value and have a small market size compared to companies in the materials sector Lawsuits from patients affected by alleged harmful effects of a certain material are twofold but sometimes these actions are triggered by commercial interests the abuse of lawsuits has led the companies involved to withdraw from the market the intention to protect the health of the patient suing for harm may have a negative effect on public health by compromising the continuity of medical practices that require devices made from the withdrawn compound This is a very delicate point on which to reflect Designing devices and techniques to image tumor tissue and manufacture spare parts for the human body using tissue engineering and cell therapy are other major challenges to achieve The surface of any implant plays a critical role in achieving modifications that increase biological efficiency and performance We must bear in mind new discoveries in biological research such as CRISPR technology or human embryonic stem cells After almost 8 years of development in biomaterials it is possible to think that many future biomaterials will be rooted in tissue engineering and nanotechnology but we must also emphasize what can be done so that research on biomaterials reaches the clinic as quickly as possible and improves the lives of patients The road from the laboratory to the patient’s bed is long and tortuous The journey that begins in research at the laboratory must end in the clinician’s hands and therefore it is essential to perform a complex but unavoidable translational leap in the world of biomaterials if we want them to serve for what they have been designed The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors The author confirms being the sole contributor of this work and has approved it for publication The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest MV-R acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council through ERC-2015-AdG-694160 (VERDI) project Google Scholar Targeted Stimuli-Responsive Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Bacterial Infection Treatment PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Google Scholar García-Alvarez 3D Scaffold with Effective Multidrug Sequential Release against Bacteria Biofilm PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine Applications CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Ultrasound Responsive Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Google Scholar Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine Google Scholar Vallet Regí Clinical Use from Materials to Applications Google Scholar Mesoporous Bioactive Glasses for Regenerative Medicine PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Vallet-Regí Nanomaterials as Promising Alternative in the Infection Treatment CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Vallet‐Regí CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Vallet-Regí CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Vallet-Regí Revisiting Ceramics for Medical Applications CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Vallet-Regí Evolution of Bioceramics within the Field of Biomaterials CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Vallet-Regí Google Scholar Vallet-Regí Bioceramics: From Bone Substitutes to Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Van Blitterswijk Google Scholar Definitions of Biomaterials for the Twenty-First Century Google Scholar Citation: Vallet-Regí M (2022) Evolution of Biomaterials Received: 31 January 2022; Accepted: 23 February 2022;Published: 18 March 2022 Copyright © 2022 Vallet-Regí. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use *Correspondence: Maria Vallet-Regí, dmFsbGV0QHVjbS5lcw== Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish. Volume 7 - 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00601 This article is part of the Research TopicChemically Mediated Interactions Between Marine Macrophytes and MicrobesView all 9 articles A wide range of microbial symbionts such as bacteria and fungi colonize the tissues of macrophytes The chemical interactions between these endophytes remain underexplored The obligate marine fungus Paradendryphiella salina was isolated from several healthy brown macrophyte species Novel α-hydroxy γ-butenolides produced by P salina were purified and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) These compounds interfere with the bacterial quorum sensing system as shown in bioassays with pathogenic bacterial model Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS)-based comparative metabolomics revealed the presence of the main α-hydroxy γ-butenolides among all the P salina strains isolated from different hosts as well as a high metabolic variability related to the alga-host species these findings highlight the key role of microbial chemical signaling that may occur within the algal holobiont Here, the obligate marine fungus Paradendryphiella salina was isolated from healthy-looking tissues of several brown macrophytes species, such as Saccharina latissima, Laminaria digitata, Pelvetia canaliculata, and Ascophyllum nodosum in French and Scottish coasts. The fungal extracts exhibited potent quorum quenching abilities (Tourneroche et al., 2019) We thus elucidated the chemical identity of the metabolites responsible for the observed bioactivity using one strain isolated from L Four novel α-hydroxyl γ-butenolides (1-4) were purified and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) The metabolites dramatically reduced the virulence of the pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa by targeting specifically the quorum-sensing systems mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics highlighted the presence of α-hydroxyl γ-butenolides among the P salina strains as well as a host-specificity of P Structures of the dendryphiellones A-D (1-4) and key HMBC correlations for the dendryphiellone A Although greater than the experimental values, the DFT predicted optical rotations signs were in agreement with an S configuration for all compounds. This absolute configuration was further confirmed by the sign of the optical rotation of a very similar compound, (S)-(+)-5-methyl-4-phenylfuran-2-(5H)-one of which the asymmetric synthesis was realized (Krawczyk et al., 2007) No bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects were observed suggesting that dendryphiellones significantly reduce the QS-regulated virulence in the bacteria/biosensors without affecting the viability of the biosensor used in this experiment Functional bioassays attesting of the quorum quenching abilities the dendryphiellones 1-4 (A) Inhibition of violacein production in C violaceum CV026 in the presence of the four compounds (B) Effects of the compounds against the production of pyocyanin in P (C) Inhibition of lux-based biosensors by the compounds 1-4 in E aeruginosa PAO1 (1) supplemented with 1% (v/v) DMSO and 15 μg mL– 1 of (3) furanone C-30 The dendryphiellones A-D (1-4) were further subjected to a bioluminescence assay with two lux-based biosensors, Escherichia coli [pSB401] and E. coli [pSB1075]. Synthetic 3-oxo-C6-HSL was added into E. coli [pSB401], while E. coli [pSB1075] requires synthetic 3-oxo-C10-HSL to induce the bioluminescence (Winson et al., 1995). The addition of dendryphiellones A-D (1-4) significantly impacted the bioluminescence activity of both biosensors (Figures 2C,D) These results support the hypothesis that the dendryphiellones could interfere in QS systems involving both short- and long-chain N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) since these biosensors exhibit a defective luxI synthase gene the QS mechanisms of the dendryphiellones suggest to not involve the inhibition of AHLs synthesis the swarming inhibition of compounds 1-4 is closely similar to the effect of positive control using furanone salina strains according to the factor host (BCA) and variable importance in projection (VIP) indicating the importance of each m/z features in the discrimination between specific sample classes (correlation >0.75) and the distribution of dendryphiellone A (feature M235T456) and dendryphiellone D (M191T576) these halogenated furanones are quorum-sensing blockers that are able to inhibit the settlement of invertebrate larvae and algal spores the bioactivity of the purified dendryphiellones A-D (1-4) was assessed against QS activity in a series of functional bioassays A strong effect of the four dendryphiellones A-D (1-4) on the AI-1-mediated QS was observed and our data support that the dendryphiellones A-D interfere in both bacterial QS systems involving short- and long-chain AHLs the quorum quenching abilities of the dendryphiellones did not involve inhibition AHLs synthesis since the biosensors exhibited a defective luxI synthase gene Comparative metabolomics was undertaken with the nine fungal isolates recovered from different host species. As represented in Figure 3 dendryphiellones A (1) and D (4) are produced by all the P salina strains independently of their host suggesting there are ubiquitous metabolites and key compounds involved in the quorum quenching of P (1) and (4) are not contributing to the discrimination according to the algae host These findings demonstrate thus that kelps endophytes can produce small molecules that can interfere with bacterial QS suggesting that chemical signaling is a strong component of the algal holobiont More tools including QS biosensors built from kelp bacteria would be thus needed to demonstrate the real impact of butenolide on the phycosphere no QS biosensor from symbiotic bacteria of S latissima are available so far and their construction would require a lot of hard work including genome sequencing quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and mutants construction our previous works of the microbial diversity highlighted the presence of P aeruginosa strains on kelp phycosphere strengthening thus the possible interaction of butenolides with algal bacterial strains (Tourneroche et al. Dendryphiellones A (1) and D (2) were not detected by LC-MS while they were isolated and fully characterized in NMR The absence of detection of compounds 1 and 2 by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) might stem from the difference of cultivations between the analytical and preparative scales we suggested that the algal host might influence the expression of the fungal biosynthetic pathways in the kelp endophyte P The difference seen in the metabolomes isolated from P salina according to the order of the hosts suggesting that the two orders are producing specific metabolites with direct influence on the fungal metabolome the novel dendryphiellones A-D might provide a solution to target specific bacterial pathogens salina were cultivated in 90 mm diameter Petri dishes containing 25 mL of MEA medium Inoculation was performed by spreading spore suspensions (104 spores in 100 μL of sterile artificial seawater) The experiment was performed with five biological replicates Cultures were incubated at 18°C under natural light conditions for 21 days salina strains were then cut into pieces and extracted in an ultrasonic bath for 30 min at room temperature after the addition of 30 mL of ethyl acetate The crude extracts were filtered and dried under vacuum using a centrifugal evaporator The crude extracts were prepared at 0.5 mg mL–1 in methanol and 2 μL was injected randomly The separation occurred onto the C18 AcclaimTM RSLC PolarAdvantage II column (2.1 × 100 mm 2.2 μm of pore size; Thermo Fisher Scientific United States) connected to a Dionex Ultimate 3000 HPLC system and coupled to a Maxis IITM QTOF mass spectrometer (Bruker United States) with an electrospray ionization source The mobile phases were water (0.1% formic acid) and acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid The flow rate was set at 300 μL min–1 The MS parameters were 3.5 Kv of electrospray voltage drying gas (N2) flow rate of 8 L min–1 Mass spectra were recorded at the range of 100–1300 m/z in positive ion mode Raw LC-MS data were calibrated and converted to netCDF format using Data Analysis software (Bruker) and processed using the R package XCMS (Smith et al., 2006) Based on analytical conditions and raw data characteristics final peak picking parameters were method = “centWave,” ppm = 10 while final grouping parameters were bw = 5 and retention time correction method = “obiwarp.” Other parameters were set to default values To limit noise from compounds already present in culture media the dataset was filtered with an in-house script to retain only those features with intensity in at least one sample more than fivefold its average intensity in blank samples All analyses and graphs were performed using the R statistical framework (R Core Team, 2019) Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to visualize LC-MS data according to the algal hosts and the fungal strains (using ade4 package a special case of PCA with respect to instrumental variables in which a factor is given as explanatory variable was used to reveal differences in term of metabolite composition of P BCA analysis performs a decomposition of the total inertia of the unsupervised (PCA) analysis according to a factor (in this case: the algal host) PerMANOVA was used to test the validity of the BCA ordination according to the same explanatory variable used for the BCA computation with a euclidean distance PerMANOVA was also used (using a Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index) to test significant differences in term of metabolite composition between algal hosts on the filtered dataset (12050 metabolites) Homogeneity of multivariate dispersion was always checked before computing PerMANOVA tests Paradendryphiella salina strain LD40H was isolated from the brown macroalga L. digitata based on ITS and 28S rDNA sequencing (Vallet et al., 2018) The fungus was grown on 600 mL malt extract agar medium prepared with artificial seawater in 5 L Erlenmeyer flasks and incubated for 24 days at 18°C under a 12 h light: dark photoperiod The whole cultures were extracted by mechanical stirring in 1 L ethyl acetate three times for 4 h The extract was subjected to a Gel Sephadex column chromatography using 100% methanol elution The sub-fraction 5 was further purified on Agilent XDB-C18 Zorbax (21.2 mm × 150 mm 5 μm) connected to a preparative HPLC using a gradient of water:acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid) of 9:1 The pure compounds 1-4 were detected with UV λ254 nm and collected at 25 min (1 The bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study were listed in Supplementary Table S3. All the bacteria were grown in Luria–Bertani (LB) medium (Scharlab, Barcelona, Spain) at 37°C, shaking at 220 rpm except for C. violaceum CV026 which was cultured at 28°C. Biosensors used in this study are described in the Supplementary Material The bacterial growth was estimated with previously reported method (Hayouni et al., 2008) overnight bacteria cultures were first diluted to OD600 nm (optical density) of 0.1 before adding into the 96-well microtiter plate which consists of 230 μL of diluted bacteria cultures and 20 μL of samples at 15 μg mL–1 concentration The bacteria were then incubated at their optimum temperature and the optical density OD600 nm was determined every 30 min for 24 h by Tecan Infinite M200 microplate reader (Switzerland) The CV026 biosensor was constructed by subjecting C. violaceum to mini-Tn5 transposon mutagenesis in order to attain a double Tn5 insertion, violacein-negative, white mutant CV026, making it incapable of producing any AHLs. The synthesis of violacein will be restored once the biosensor is supplemented with synthetic C6-HSL exogenously (McClean et al., 1997) The quantitative analysis of violacein production was performed based on the previously reported method (Chong et al., 2011) with slight modification violaceum CV026 was adjusted to OD600nm of 1.2 followed by the addition of 0.125 μg mL–1 of synthetic C6-HSL (Sigma-Aldrich United States); 100 μL of CV026 diluted culture was thus transferred into the 96-wells microtiter plate containing 10 μL of samples solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 15 μg mL–1 The microplate was incubated for 16 h at 28°C with the agitation of 220 rpm The plate was then dried at 60°C until all the medium had evaporated before adding 100 μL of DMSO to each well in order to dissolve the dried violacein The plate was subsequently incubated for another additional 2 h at 28°C with shaking The absorbance for each of the well was measured at OD590nm with Tecan Infinite M200 microplate reader (Switzerland) All the experiments were done in triplicate Germany) and synthetic furanone C-30 (Sigma-Aldrich United States) used as negative and positive controls Pyocyanin was extracted from the overnight P. aeruginosa PAO1 culture supernatant as previously described (Chong et al., 2011) 500 μL of samples solubilized at 15 μg mL–1 in DMSO were added into 4.5 mL of overnight culture that was diluted to OD600nm of 0.1 and incubated at 37°C for 24 h The cell culture was thus extracted with 3 mL of chloroform (Merck KGaA Germany) and vortexed for 5 min followed by centrifugation at 9000 rpm for 10 min The chloroform layer was subsequently transferred to a fresh tube and 1 mL of 0.2 M hydrochloric acid (Merck KGaA After centrifugation at 9000 rpm for 10 min the top layer of the mixture was removed and the absorbance was read at 520 nm by using Tecan Infinite M200 microplate reader (Switzerland) All the samples for this assay were done in triplicate United States) served as negative and positive controls For bioluminescence assay, the method used was based on the one reported previously (Winzer et al., 2000) with some modification coli [pSB1075] cells were grown overnight with shaking in LB medium supplemented with 20 μg mL–1 of tetracycline at 37°C 20 μL of samples were added into 230 μL of the bacteria culture that was diluted to OD600nm of 0.1 Synthetic 3-oxo-C6-HSL (0.001 μg mL–1) and 3-oxo-C10-HSL (0.0125 μg mL–1) (Sigma-Aldrich The luminescence and turbidity of the lux biosensors were read every 30 min for 24 h with Tecan Infinite M200 microplate reader (Switzerland) at OD600 nm A graph was plot based on luminescence given in relative light units (RLU) per unit of turbidity (OD600 nm) The swarming motility assays were done based on the method described previously (Chen et al., 2007) with slight changes The swarming plate consists of 0.6% (w/v) BactoTM agar (BD United States) and 0.5% (w/v) glucose (Merck 150 μL of samples were mixed together with 5 mL of agar before poured into 6-well plates The plates were then left to air-dry for 15 min before point inoculated with 1 μL of overnight culture of P aeruginosa PAO1 with OD600nm of 0.1 at the center of the agar surface The plates were incubated statically at 37°C for 16 h The datasets generated for this study can be found in the Supplementary Material and AT carried out the experiment and analyzed the data GG-J made the calculation of optical rotation prediction and CG wrote the manuscript with the help of CH This work was supported by ATM “Microorganisms” grant from the National Museum of Natural History EC2CO CNRS (SP) and the Mission pour les Initiatives Transverses et Interdisciplinaires (MITI-CNRS) (Défi Adaptation du vivant à son environnement 2020) (SP) The 400 MHz and 600 MHz NMR spectrometers used in this study were funded jointly by the Région Ile-de-France K-GC thanks the financial support from the University of Malaya (FRGS grant FP022-2018A and HIR grant H-500001-A000027) CG was funded by UKRI GCRF grant number BB/P027806/1 and SP thank the French Embassy at Kuala Lumpur The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.00601/full#supplementary-material Integration of molecular networking and in-silico MS/MS fragmentation for natural products dereplication Quorum sensing and social networking in the microbial world Role of quorum sensing and chemical communication in fungal biotechnology and pathogenesis Towards de novo identification of metabolites by analyzing tandem mass spectra The wetting agent required for swarming in Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is not a surfactant Malabaricone C from Myristica cinnamomea exhibits anti-quorum sensing activity Endophytes and associated marine derived fungi—ecological and chemical perspectives CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Carbon source utilization by the marine Dendryphiella species D Anti-biofilm effect of 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are host signals that trigger in planta expression of a pathogenesis gene in Nectria haematococca A complex gene cluster for indole-diterpene biosynthesis in the grass endophyte Neotyphodium lolii Preparation and reaction of dilithio-2,4-oxazolidinedione with A versatile synthesis of 3-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanones CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Butenolide inhibits marine fouling by altering the primary metabolism of three target organisms Mechanisms of quorum sensing and strategies for quorum sensing disruption in aquaculture pathogens Chan K-G and Prado S (2020) Novel α-Hydroxy γ-Butenolides of Kelp Endophytes Disrupt Bacterial Cell-to-Cell Signaling Copyright © 2020 Vallet, Chong, Tourneroche, Genta-Jouve, Hubas, Lami, Gachon, Klochkova, Chan and Prado. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) *Correspondence: Soizic Prado, c3ByYWRvQG1uaG4uZnI=; c29pemljLnByYWRvQG1uaG4uZnI= †These authors have contributed equally to this work This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. SARRE, Italy—Anyone who has lived in Italy, and has visited its many wine producers, knows that Italians love being idiosyncratic, or at least playing at it. So I was not in the least disturbed when I contacted winegrower Michel Vallet—the owner, winemaker and dreamer of Feudo di San Maurizio in the village of Sarre in Italy’s alpine Valle d’Aosta region hard by the Swiss border—and found yet another such artist of Italian play-acting. First, I sent him an e-mail. Niente (nothing). After a week’s silence, I sent another. Again, nothing. Finally, I telephoned. I introduced myself (in Italian), saying that I was an American wine writer for a publication called Wine Spectator, that I had tasted his wines in San Francisco and liked them very much, and that I would like to visit him and see his vineyards. And by the way, I had sent two e-mails, but received no reply. Had Signore Vallet not received them? “I don’t like wine writers,” he replied. “And I get so many e-mails that I don’t bother to look at them. I don’t have the time.” This was said with a certain mock ferocity, which allowed me to laugh. “Surely you know that we wine writers are the center of the world,” I said. Now it was his turn to laugh. As I knew it would, the faux idiosyncrasy melted—at least a bit, anyway—and he allowed that, yes, I could come to visit. “I’m thinking either Wednesday or Thursday, whichever is better for you,” I proposed. “It doesn’t matter when,” he replied. “I’m here all the time. You call me one day before you want to arrive, and tell me what time, and I’ll be here.” With that, he hung up. As I knew would be the case, in person Michel Vallet, 48, is all charm and affability. Far from idiosyncratic, he is instead more an exemplar of someone who is “crazy on the side of the angels.” “I have 10 hectares [24.7 acres] of vines,” he says. After a pause, he then adds, “In 44 different vineyards.” He lets the arithmetic of that sink in. “As you can see,” he says, waving his arm to emphasize the alpine sweep of the steep, terraced vineyards surrounding his village, “none of these vineyards is very big. I have so many different plots, all of them tiny, that sometimes during the growing season I actually forget some of them while making my rounds.” Just what possesses Mr. Vallet to pursue his dream is not easily, if at all, understandable—unless you love wine, of course. A native of Sarre (“I have cousins everywhere here”), he does not come from a winegrowing family. So not only did he not inherit any vineyards, he knew nothing about making wine, either. “I’ve owned three bars here in Sarre for 20 years,” he says. “At first I thought, ‘I’ll make some wine to sell in my bars.’” He laughs while remembering his beginnings back in 1989. “I had just 700 square meters of vineyard.” How small is that? It’s a bit more than one-sixth of an acre. One good dinner party could consume all the wine produced from such a minute plot. But it’s not the winemaking that marks Mr. Vallet as someone special. Rather, it’s the grapes he painstakingly grows in all those many vineyard plots. “I wanted from the start to produce what we traditionally grew here,” he says. His visitor asks the oh-so-American question: Was there a market for such wines? The answer came in the form of an oh-so-Italian gesture that said “Who cares?” It’s one thing to grow the commercial likes of Cabernet, Chardonnay or Pinot Noir. But how about such indigenous varieties as Vuillermin, Fumin, Petit Rouge, Mayolet, Cornalin, Petite Arvine and Premetta? In fairness, these grape varieties were not unknown in his area, but they hardly spelled success either. Today in Valle d’Aosta they have become both more widely grown and sought. And in neighboring Switzerland, the red grape Cornalin and the white Petite Arvine are enjoying a renaissance. Mr. Vallet recently outbid others to lease a sought-after 8-hectare (19.7 acres) unplanted site surrounding a village castle. He is slowly planting vines in a portion of this leased property. And he continues to eye choice parcels elsewhere, owned, he says, by old people who resolutely refuse to sell. But he persists, happily so, regardless. "You never know," he says. Surveying the vineyards, it appears that the soil is untouched, with scrubby weeds and such growing between the rows. Is he biodynamic or organic? “I am nothing,” he replies. “I have no philosophy except to leave the vines alone. Probably I’d spray more, but I’m too cheap. For all 10 hectares I spend 1,800 euros for treatments. Others typically spend 600 to 800 euros on treatments for just 1 hectare.” Not surprisingly, given the rocky soil, lack of functioning irrigation and minimal spraying, vineyard yields are low. “I get 1 kilo to 1.5 kilos of grapes per vine.” That equals roughly one to two bottles of finished wine per vine. The wines emerging from this patchwork of 44 different vineyard plots at elevations of between 900 feet and 3,000 feet are revelatory. One is reminded, yet again, of the spectrum of worthy grape varieties that have been crowded out by a relative handful of heavily marketed, and thus reassuringly familiar, commercial varieties. You know which those are, of course. But then you taste a red wine such as the 2011 Vuillermin from Feudo di San Maurizio, and you find yourself thinking “This is like a premier cru red Burgundy,” and you realize just what we’ve been missing. Mayolet, another indigenous variety, elicits a similar reaction. A medium-weight red, the 2012 and a barrel sample of the 2014 deliver an enchanting berryish scent that reminds this taster of mulberries. More important, it has real finesse and a mouthwatering savoriness that makes Mayolet one of those high flavor impact wines that makes some other red wines seem ponderous and bullying. Arguably, the prize red is called Torrette, which is an authorized Valle d’Aosta brand name for a red wine blend rather than a grape variety. It must, by law, be a minimum of 70 percent Petit Rouge. The balance traditionally is composed of the red grape Fumin, which is what Mr. Vallet uses for his version of Torrette. Surprisingly dense and rich, Torrette is likely Val d’Aosta’s strongest red wine statement and is memorable in its detailed austerity and capacity to age. The Petit Rouge grape has a long history of production in the area. Decades ago I enjoyed another such Petit Rouge wine, called Chambave Rouge, from the now-gone producer Ezio Voyat. I bought a case of 1971 Chambave Rouge, and it was exquisite more than a decade after the vintage, so much so that I remember it quite vividly yet today. Are the various wines of Feudo di San Maurizio similarly memorable? I think they are. While not all are profound, they all are rewarding to drink. His prices in the U.S. are far from excessive, ranging between $20 and $50 (Torrette is his most expensive wine). Above all, when you sample these wines you are reminded not only of what we’ve been missing, but also of why dreamers such as Mr. Vallet are so vital. A look at a new wine from the reigning Wine of the Year producer In Bordeaux, winemakers in the vanguard have implemented changes to make wines of focus and … Some creative "solutions" from the land of creativity Potentially crippling tariffs on European wines have been pushed back, but the trade wars … Identifying the taste and aroma of TCA is different for everyone Digging into the terroir of the world’s southernmost winery and vineyard Volume 9 - 2018 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.03161 Filamentous fungi asymptomatically colonize the inner tissues of macroalgae yet their ecological roles remain largely underexplored we tested if metabolites produced by fungal endophytes might protect their host against a phylogenetically broad spectrum of protistan pathogens the cultivable fungal endophytes of four brown algal species were isolated and identified based on LSU and SSU sequencing The fungal metabolomes were tested for their ability to reduce the infection by protistan pathogens in the algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus The most active metabolomes effective against the oomycetes Eurychasma dicksonii and Anisolpidium ectocarpii and the phytomixid Maullinia ectocarpii were further characterized chemically Several pyrenocines isolated from Phaeosphaeria sp AN596H efficiently inhibited the infection by all abovementioned pathogens these compounds also inhibited the infection of nori (Pyropia yezoensis) against its two most devastating oomycete pathogens We thus demonstrate that fungal endophytes associated with brown algae produce bioactive metabolites which might confer protection against pathogen infection These results highlight the potential of metabolites to finely-tune the outcome of molecular interactions between algae This also provide proof-of-concept toward the applicability of such metabolites in marine aquaculture to control otherwise untreatable diseases It is thus plausible to assume that some secondary metabolites may mediate a mutualistic relationship and may have a protective role toward other algae-associated microbiotes such as pathogens Crop protection measures are at best partially effective In brown algae, the obligate endobiotic oomycetes Eurychasma dicksonii and Anisolpidium ectocarpii are frequently found in the field (Sparrow, 1903) and able to infect more than 45 and 28 brown algal species in laboratory cultures, respectively (Gachon et al., 2010, 2017) They are amongst very few eukaryotic pathogens of algae that can be cultivated under laboratory conditions including in the filamentous model brown seaweed Ectocarpus siliculosus The pathosystem Eurychasma/Ectocarpus is one of the very few in vivo bioassay available to test the effect of substances against protistan pathogens of macroalgae This broad-spectrum protection effect of the pyrenocines expanded to the most economically important oomycetes infecting the red seaweed Pyropia the pyrenocines are active against all tested pathogens but are also algicidal for the host E These findings suggest for the first time that brown algae-derived endophytes may shape the infection outcome of algal pathogens by chemically protecting their host through the production of small chemicals cues Algal segments were plated in multiples onto 4,200 plates representing 10 solid media (3% purified agar 80% sterilized sea water) with the internal tissues in contact with the medium (about 200 segments per organ 1,400 per medium type) and solidified with 20 g.L−1 of purified agar (except for PDA) These media included Corn Flour Agar (Cornflour Potato Dextrose Agar (Potato Dextrose Agar Yeast Extract Agar 1 (glucose 1 g.L−1 Yeast Extract Agar 2 (glucose 0.1 g.L−1 Malt Extract Agar (malt extract 20 g.L−1 Provasoli Agar (Na2 β-glycero PO4.5H2O 50 g.L−1 Iron-EDTA (Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2.6H2O 0.7 g.L−1 Stigmidium Fries Agar (KNO3 0.72 g.L−1 vitamin solution 1 mL (thiamin 100 mg.mL−1 traces element solution 1 mL (CaCl2 100 mg.mL−1 Ferric citrate C6H5FeO7 4 mg.mL−1) Plates were incubated at 18°C under ambient light and checked daily for endophytic growth up to 3 months The percentages of infection per algal organ and per algal species were calculated by applying the following formulae: number of isolates recovered / total number of algal pieces deposited on agar medium Phylogenetic affinities based on LSU sequences of fungal endophytes isolates from the four brown algae sampled from French and Scottish sites Isolate code are indicated in bold and accession numbers from reference sequences are marked in gray Scale bar indicates 10% estimated sequence divergence 70 were able to yield enough biomass for subsequent experiments these strains were inoculated in a 12 cm2 Petri dish containing 60 mL (agar 1.5%) of their respective isolation medium The inoculation was made with spore suspension (100 μL 104 spores.mL−1) or from crushed mycelial suspension (1 cm2 in 2 mL of sterile ASW) for non-sporulating fungi After incubation at 18°C for 27 days under a 12 h light:12 h dark photoperiod whole fungal culture (mycelium and 60 mL agar) were cut in 1 cm2 pieces and extracted by ethyl acetate (3 × 200 mL) for 3 × 1 h under sonication dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under vacuum to yield crude extracts AN596H was grown in 5 L Erlenmeyer flasks (5 × 600 mL of TUA inoculated with 5 mL fungal suspension in sterile sterile deionized water) at 18°C for 27 days under a 12 h light:12 h dark photoperiod Extraction was performed with ethyl acetate (analytical grade 3 × 5 L) under a mechanical agitation organic phases were dried by anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated under low vacuum to yield 2.3 g of a brown solid extract The extract was solubilized in methanol and subjected to Sephadex® LH-20 column chromatography (Sigma-Aldrich The active fraction (82 mg) was further purified by preparative HPLC (Agilent PrepHT column Eclipse XDB-C18 21.2 × 150 mm 5 μm) under a flow rate of 10 mL.min−1 of analytical grade solvents buffer A: 95% water 5% Acetonitrile This lead to the isolation of pyrenocines A (Rt: 13 min 1.8 mg) along with the novel pyrenocine S (Rt 19 min The infrared spectra were recorded on a Shimadzu FTIR-8400S spectrophotometer Mass spectra were acquired on an API Q-STAR PULSAR mass spectrometer (Applied Biosystem NMR experiments were performed with Bruker advance III 400 and 600 MHz spectrometers (Wissenbourg Chemical shifts are expressed in δ (ppm) and were referred to the residual non-deuterated solvent signal Female gametophytes of Macrocystis pyrifera CCAP1323/1 infected with either E dicksonii CCAP 4018/1 or CCAP 4018/3 were maintained in half-strength Provasoli medium at 15°C under daylight-type fluorescent lamps (10 μmol.m−2.s−1 siliculosus CCAP 1310/4 were produced in 200 mL flasks siliculosus was harvested in 70 μm pore-size nylon mesh (Cell strainer Falcon) and equivalent amounts were co-incubated in six-well polystyrene plates containing infected M pyrifera CCAP 1323/1 in 7 mL of half-strength Provasoli liquid medium for 16–20 days ectocarpi CCAP 4001/1 and Maullinia ectocarpi CCAP1538/1 were performed with the same hosts during 3 and 10 days of co-incubation The library of fungal extracts (1 μg.mL−1 in dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO) was evaluated for their antipathogenic effect on the different pathogens three controls were performed and consisted in incubating Ectocarpus alone (control uninfected) and with addition of 1% DMSO (control infected + DMSO 1%) The activity of purified compounds (0.1 μg.mL−1 in 1% DMSO) was assessed with the same procedure siliculosus were delicately collected with extra thin needles (size 10–15 Hemline®) and briskly transferred in 100 μl of sterile seawater between slide and coverslip Samples were maintained in a moist chamber and analyzed in the following hour siliculosus filaments by protistan parasitoids was assessed under a microscope Axiovert2plus Zeiss (DIC 20 × 0.75) and pictures taken with camera Axocam HRc were analyzed with AxioVisio software (version 4.7) A scoring scale was defined by a (0) score if no infected cell was observed and (1 or superior to 100 infected cells were observed The Ectocarpus samples were then frozen at −80°C in RNAlater stabilization reagent (QIAGEN) An identical protocol was used to evaluate the toxic activity of the pyrenocines on the algae E siliculosus alone at 1 μg.mL−1 in 1% DMSO Gametophytic blades of Pyropia yezoensis infected with O pyropiae were maintained in half-strength Provasoli medium at 15°C under daylight-type fluorescent lamps (10 μmol.m−2·s−1 The set up for the bioassay was exactly as those for evaluation against pathogens of E The pyrenocines and pyrenochaetic acid C were added to the culture at the final concentration of 1 μg.ml−1 (in DMSO 1%) infected area were observed for 10 min with an Olympus BX53 microscope (Olympus Japan) and videos were recorded by a mounted Olympus DP72 camera The relative abundance of the SSU rRNA for E. siliculosus and for E. dicksonii was quantified by qPCR using the validated primers pair (CG64/CG65) and (CG60/CG61), respectively (Amagata et al., 1998), as described in Gachon et al. (2009) PCR reactions were carried out in triplicate on a Quantica thermocycler (Techne-Barloworld) or a LightCycler® Roche (version 96SW1.1) The PCR mix for 1 sample contained 10 μL 2x Mesagreen qPCR MasterMix Plus for SYBR® Assay 1 μL of each primer (final concentration 300 nM) 8 μL DNA template for 20 μL volume total After a 10 min denaturation step at 95°C samples were run for 45 cycles of 15 s at 95°C and 1 min at 60°C The disease scores were calculated by subtracting the threshold value obtained in the DNA amplification curve from the pathogen with that of the algae amplification curve The disease scores were compared statistically by a one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD test Distribution of isolates and MOTU (Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units) in the algal organs according to the sampling sites Taxonomic assemblages of the fungal classes determined according to the different host-algae species and algal organs Each class is displayed by a different color Height of the bars represents the % of each fungal class according to the host-algae species or the algal organs Width of the bars represents the total number of OTUs according to the host-algae species or the algal organs Codes for host species and algal organs are SL arenaria PC359H extract displayed a specific activity only against the two strains of E Antipathogenic activities of the fungal extracts LD68H (Penicillium janczewskii) and SL333T (Phoma exigua) assessed on the infection of Ectocarpus siliculosus by Eurychasma dicksonii (CCAP 4018/1 Controls consisted of algae alone (control uninfected) algae with parasite treatment (control infected) and 1% DMSO (control infected + DMSO 1%) Mean microscopy score values ± SE are displayed for biological triplicates confirmed further by one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD test (F = 10.97 the inhibition against tested algal pathogens by crude extracts obtained from Phaeosphaeria sp exigua SL333T were confirmed by two independent quantification methods and SL333T (Phoma exigua) assessed by qPCR quantification of the infection of Ectocarpus siliculosus by Eurychasma dicksonii (CCAP 4018/1 algae with parasite treatment and 1% DMSO (control infected + DMSO 1%) Mean disease score ± SE are displayed for biological triplicates HMBC correlation between methoxy (δH 3.91) and C-4 (δC 170.7) allowed to connect the methoxy group on C-4 HMBC correlations of methylenes CH2-8 and CH2-9 with the ketone C-7 at δC 202.6 ppm as well as the HMBC correlations between H-3 and C-7 confirm the attachment of the aliphatic chain on C-5 of the cycle All these data revealed the structure is a new pyrenocine for which the name pyrenocine S was proposed All identified compounds were thus further tested against the pathosystem Ectocarpus/parasites Key HMBC and COSY correlations of the new pyrenocine S Antipathogenic activities of the isolated assessed on the infection of Ectocarpus siliculosus by the pathogens Eurychasma dicksonii (CCAP4018/1 none of the added compounds induced any detectable changes in morphology These results clearly demonstrated the broad range effect of pyrenocines against protistan pathogens of seaweed Our results also suggest that a second endophytic fungus may occur alongside Mycophycias ascophylli as a predominant colonizer of A A thorough year-long sampling across the coasts would certainly help in determining the natural prevalence of these fungal endophytes in the macroalgal community the ecological role of the fungus and its metabolites remain unknown This compound also displayed algicidal activity on E fungal pyrenocines may confer protection to the alga against protistan pathogens while being toxic at higher concentrations to some seaweed the physiological concentrations at which pyrenocines were produced within the host A nodosum are unknown and will have to be further investigated and the new natural product pyrenocine S were also identified in the active extract but did not displayed a broad range activity against the different protistan parasites Pyrenocines E and S were found active against the strain E dicksonii CCAP 418/3 giving evidence for strain-specific effect Difference of activity for pyrenocines compounds could be also explained by their structural difference on the lateral chain suggesting structure-activity relationships Altogether, these results constitute the first example of a possible chemical mediation involved in a molecular interaction within the algal microbiota. We suggest that the endophytic continuum paradigm defined in planta might also possibly occur in brown algae (Schulz et al., 1999; Schulz and Boyle, 2005) Pathosystem bioassays with the alga model E siliculosus were performed to identify fungal extracts and later the pyrenocines which are bioactive against phylogenetically unrelated pathogens these compounds also inhibit the infection of the most widely cultivated cultivar of laver in Korea by its two most important pathogens These results provide for the first time evidence of fungal endophytes associated with brown macroalgae may protect their host in vivo through the production of small molecules These data demonstrated that an active chemical defense produced by the algal microbiota may drive the infection success of pathogenic microbiotes in the phycosphere Further studies using a broader range of algae species should be performed to evaluate the conservation of this chemical defense amidst hosts these findings provide a proof-of-concept to pursue the detailed chemical characterization of the other bioactive extracts identified with the view to identify novel molecules with application in seaweed crop protection and SL analyzed the data of molecular taxonomy GG-J performed optical rotation calculations All authors conceived this study and approved the manuscript This work was supported by ATM Microorganisms grant from the Natural History Museum of Paris (SP) and Initiative Structurante Ecosphère continentale et côtière EC2CO CNRS grant (SP) The 400 MHz and 600 MHz NMR spectrometers used in this study were funded jointly by the Région Ile-de-France This work was funded through the UK NERC IOF Pump-priming + scheme (NE/L013223/1 the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation (ALFF No 642575) the CONICYT (BecasChile N° 72130422) (PM) and a MASTS Visiting Fellowship Scheme (SP) We acknowledge the Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS) and the Biological Station of Roscoff for hosting the field missions We would like to greatly thank Philippe Potin (Marine Biology Station of Roscoff France) for taxonomic identification of the brown macroalgae species during the field mission The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.03161/full#supplementary-material Phylogenetic evaluation of anamorphic species of Cirrenalia and Cumulospora with the description of eight new genera and four new species Cytotoxic metabolites produced by a fungal strain from a Sargassum alga Fungal endophytes limit pathogen damage in a tropical tree Conditional fitness benefits of the Rickettsia bacterial symbiont in an insect pest Patterns of gene expression induced by oligoguluronates reveal conserved and environment-specific molecular defense responses in the Brown Alga Laminaria digitata CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Marine Dendryphiella Species From Different Geographical Locations: An Integrated Polyphasic Approach to Its Taxonomy and Physioecology CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Endophytes and associated marine derived fungi—ecological and chemical perspectives CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Interactions among Ascophyllum nodosum (Phaeophyceae) Mycophycias ascophylli (Ascomycetes) and Elachista fucicola (Phaeophyceae) CrossRef Full Text The seaweed holobiont: understanding seaweed–bacteria interactions Isolation and structure elucidation of new polyketides from the marine-derived fungus Phaeosphaeria spartinae CrossRef Full Text Caught between triterpene- and steroid-metabolism: 4α-Carboxylic pregnane-derivative from the marine alga-derived fungus Phaeosphaeria spartinae Macroalgal endophytes from the Atlantic Coast of Canada: a potential source of antibiotic natural products Isolation and bioassay screening of fungal endophytes from North Atlantic marine macroalgae CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Food Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2014). 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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) *Correspondence: Soizic Prado, c3ByYWRvQG1uaG4uZnI= Élisabeth Vallet is an Associate Professor at the RMCC-Saint Jean in Canada She is also the director of the Centre for Geopolitical Studies of the Raoul-Dandurand Chair in Strategic and Diplomatic Studies (UQAM-Canada) Her main field of interest include Borders As many as 212 outstanding students from the central provinces of Quang Binh Quang Tri and Ha Tinh received Vallet scholarships at a ceremony in Dong Hoi city on September 3 Quang Binh (VNA) – As many as 212 outstanding students from the central provinces of Quang Binh The total value of the scholarships is nearly 3.5 billion VND (140,590 USD) The Vallet Scholarship Fund was established in 2001 by Professor Odon Vallet from France’s Sorbonne University more than 55,000 outstanding Vietnamese students and pupils have been presented with the Vallet scholarships worth over 500 billion VND in total chairman of the Meeting Vietnam organisation said he hopes that the scholarship winners will continue their efforts on the path of learning and success thereby significantly contributing to building the country in the future are set to be presented to Vietnamese pupils and students across the nation In addition to granting scholarships for local students the science and education organisation "Meeting Vietnam" has also sponsored the upgrading of facilities for schools and provided books for libraries in Quang Binh province./ The scientific and educational organisation "Meeting Vietnam" handed over Vallet scholarships worth over 2.7 billion VND (108,473 USD) in total to outstanding students in five Central Highlands provinces and south central Khanh Hoa an Ninh Thuan provinces at a ceremony in Da Lat city Private conglomerate Vingroup on July 5 granted science and technology scholarships worth 98 billion VND (3.88 million USD) in total to 36 outstanding individuals selected from over 800 candidates This year marks the 20th UN Day of Vesak Celebrations with Vietnam having hosted the event four times A highlight of the 2025 event is the ceremonial enshrinement of the historical Buddha’s relics symbolising Buddhist harmony and its peaceful message 1975 will forever be a milestone in Vietnam’s history and the beginning of a new era of independence said Vietnamese Ambassador to France Dinh Toan Thang They are asked to issue legal documents within their jurisdiction to implement cuts and reassign the authority of settlement at the district level For procedures requiring government decrees ministries must submit them to the Ministry of Justice for review by May 10 and to the Government for approval by May 30 Progress on the work must be reported to the PM by May 10 Vietjet passengers traveling on domestic flights departing from Terminal 1 at Noi Bai International Airport can now complete check-in and boarding procedures using biometric authentication (eKYC) via the VNeID app About 500 Vietnamese expatriates recently gathered in Moscow to welcome their homeland’s military delegation preparing for the Victory Day parade marking Russia’s 80th anniversary of the Great Patriotic War triumph once turned into a “hell on earth” by the colonialists and imperialists to suppress Vietnamese patriots and revolutionaries became a sacred historical place and epitomised the fighting spirit and ardent patriotism of the Vietnamese people The newly formed localities are expected to better harness the region's potential and advantages to accelerate development The activities will feature the participation of hundreds of ethnic minority representatives currently living and working at the village along with delegations from 11 provinces and cities Events included the ceremonial opening of a relic viewing of the Buddha’s sarira The two-hectare range broke ground in July 2024 supported by a grant of over 700,000 USD from the US Government and a calibration zone for mine clearance equipment Uzbekistan and Vietnam have enjoyed a long lasting relationship More than 3,500 Vietnamese students have studied at educational institutions in Uzbekistan and played an important role in strengthening the friendship between the people of the two countries./ a total of 8,056 inmates have been granted early release under this year’s amnesty the Government has effectively connected provinces rich in human resources with key economic hubs A Mexican scholar has praised Vietnam as a notable model of success not only for Asia but also for developing nations across Latin America amid the economic volatility in the 21st century Hanoi has launched a wide range of cultural and entertainment activities to attract tourists during the five-day national holiday Vietnam Railways Corporation (VNR) said the two services which departed from Hanoi (SE1) and HCM City (SE4) on April 29 were more than just a special service to mark the Liberation of the South the invaluable lessons drawn from the Route 9–Southern Laos and Lam Son 719 victories continue to inspire the heroic traditions of both armies remain highly relevant and meaningful to both Vietnam and Laos as they move forward in a new era Vietnam's struggle for independence and freedom ended in the spring of 1975 with President of the Republic of Vietnam Duong Van Minh and his cabinet appearing at Saigon Radio station to announce unconditional surrender on April 30 A total of 221 Vietnamese citizens detained in Myanmar for breaching immigration regulations returned home on April 28-29 Ho Chi Minh City contributes over 20% of the national GDP It proposes and implements groundbreaking institutional reforms from renovating administrative procedures and attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) to piloting special mechanisms 2008 by the Ministry of Information and Communications Email: vietnamplus@vnanet.vn Reproduction in any form is prohibited without written consent Brussels doesn’t seem quite ready to build a continuous external and concrete border wall itself The Schengen area abolished internal border controls while the physical barriers on its periphery were gradually hardening Europe has a historical yet complicated relationship with walls which had long rejected the idea of border walls as relics of a bygone era it inherited the fenced-off borders in the heart of Cyprus and on the edge of Lithuania But these were seen as mere remnants of conflicts from the past the EU became the champion of a world without borders this was a mirage: the Schengen area abolished internal border controls while the physical barriers on its periphery were gradually hardening — such as Spain which was walling up its border with Morocco in its two enclaves there were still only 200 km of fenced borders in existence: vestiges of an ancient period The great change towards erecting walls instead of tearing them down in Europe happened in two phases when the Syrian crisis led the EU to believe that there was also a ‘migratory crisis’ in Europe the change in the mindset continued both because of the Russian strategic threat in the wake of the invasion of Crimea and the instrumentalisation of refugee flows by Europe’s cumbersome neighbours While 1.7 per cent of Europe’s land borders were barricaded at the end of the 20th century 15.5 per cent are fenced today – 2008 kilometres of walls now scar the continent but rather entering fully mainstream discourse; legitimising exclusion as a tool of identity-based resistance in a world shaken by the winds of globalisation Although border walls sketch a fantasised imperviousness they are not meant to serve as watertight membranes but rather as mere sieves irregular crossings and insurgency reorganise and become more opaque and thus more difficult to monitor Flows disappear briefly to reappear elsewhere or in other forms passage (both legal and illegal) becomes more costly and a magnet for organised crime although border walls sketch a fantasised imperviousness Just as a wall obscures the other side of the border it also hides disagreements and opportunities for cooperation between border actors and border security policies By de-structuring border areas economically border walls amplify vulnerabilities and differences states engage in damaging behaviours (such as suddenly shifting funding priorities militarising border areas and mismanaging labour migration at the expense of local economies and ecosystems) – motivated by the prevailing rhetoric of a visible theatrical silver bullet: the wall as a panacea despite the fact that the wall itself is the reason some of these activities are now illegal By succumbing to the sirens of border fortification European states are contributing to the normalisation and dissemination of the walling phenomenon Walls are – above all – an admission of failure (of cooperation – both international and European) and a renouncement of the founding values of the European Union The resulting backlash will see an increased rift growing incomprehension and fears that are ever more primal for which only greater cooperation can offer a remedy For walls do not solve the problems they address They merely act as a bandage on a broken limb a smokescreen before increasingly glaring problems that remain unsolved Download the IPS-Journal as an app for Android and iOS This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page Elisabeth Vallet receives funding from CRSHC-SSHRC Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) provides funding as a founding partner of The Conversation CA-FR Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) provides funding as a member of The Conversation CA View all partners It seems like every month brings news of another border wall going up In Latin America, Ecuador appears to have begun erecting concrete panels along the Peruvian state line. In Africa, a barrier between Somalia and Kenya, made of barbed wire, concrete and posts This is a far cry from the illusion generated by the fall of the Berlin Wall — and by the utopian dream of a world without borders that emerged in the 1990s At the end of the Cold War there were just 15 walls delimiting national borders; today, with 70 of them in existence around the world, the wall has become the new standard for international relations With the proliferation of border walls and their normalization in the rhetoric of U.S. President Donald Trump, democracies have adopted the tactic as though it were a classic policy tool in foreign relations and defence And yet these rampant fortifications come at a hefty price, as much for the governments and international relations as for the local economies and populations affected. For those most vulnerable, for the middle class, for those pushed out by the walls (Saskia Sassen’s “expelled” peoples) As symptoms of a rift in the world order as manifestations of the failings of international cooperation these barriers also come at a cost to those they shut out — the world’s “untouchables” The reality is that, despite being entrenched in international law, their freedom of movement is not as valuable as others’, each passport carrying its own set of rights we must consider the financial cost of border walls Each one is a boon to the security and construction industries (many players from the former having adapted to changes in the post–Cold War defence market) The experience in United States provides many examples of the cost of a massive border infrastructure This typically involves not just a physical wall with stone foundations doesn’t really work: it’s easy to scale it place ramps over the barrier to get a car across or use hydraulic fracturing to dig out narrow tunnels to circumvent it In fact, in 2009, the U.S. Government Accountability Office placed the cost for building just a fence along California’s border at between $1 million Cdn and $6.4 million Cdn per kilometre In harsher terrain jurisdictionally and geologically the building cost could be as much as $21 million a kilometre Maintaining it for 20 years will cost an estimated $8.5 billion; it is therefore a massive public infrastructure that eats away at a country’s public finances and at overall disposable income (whether funding comes from public sources or in part from private sources) So this financial burden is also an economic weight that drags down the country’s aggregate income as well as the local economy often significantly affected by the slowing down and redefining of cross-border activity is sometimes put on life support in the form of an influx of military or patrol personnel construction crews and staff for related services (restaurants Since the tightening of European policies, the Mediterranean has become a “dead sea,” to paraphrase cartographer Nicolas Lambert, who maps tragedies befalling migrants in the region where the number of deaths continues to climb despite a decline in the total number of crossing attempts In fact, to get across a fortified and tightly controlled border, the available routes are often far more treacherous, pose greater threats and require resorting to smugglers, who are sometimes linked to organized crime groups like the Mafia Violence is amplified when the border is militarized. First and foremost, because such militarization legitimizes the perception of the border zone as a theatre of operations, a war zone, where paramilitary groups feel justified to act as in their deployments along the Hungarian border Secondly, by adding military personnel or army veterans to border patrol forces (they account for a third of such teams in the U.S.), the tactics come to match those used in war zones, bringing with them patent impunity and violence, as reported by authors Todd Miller, Reece Jones and others Lastly, by forcing clandestine border crossing to become even more hidden, by pushing migrants deeper underground, these measures reinforce the power of Mafia and organized crime groups and increase the violent extortion or coercion of vulnerable migrants (through kidnappings and ransom demands From the borders of Southeast Asia to the Sahel Region and from the corridors leading from Central America to the U.S it is the most vulnerable migrants who suffer the repercussions of the world’s border walls Thus, sexual assault has become a common event in women’s migratory journey, with (t80 per cent of them being assaulted along their route to the United States; the NGOs they encounter along the way systematically dole out contraceptives Constructing walls also comes at a political price Since putting up a wall is a one-sided act — the farthest thing from the bilateral reasoning behind drawing state lines — it induces a separation from the neighbouring state rather than fostering co-operation with it The rift created by the wall sends shock waves through other facets of the relationship between the nations. In the case of Trump’s wall, the cost of the split with Mexico is high given this trade partner’s importance to the U.S economy as well as to the other bordering states Within the migratory channels that are increasingly popular with refugees the neighbouring states often serve as filters Erecting a wall at the border may influence not just how these other countries play their role as advanced border checkpoints but also how they set their own defence and security policy which can sometimes lead to a form of extroversion a kind of appropriation of the discourse of the walled State at the expense of the national interests of the other in response to the presidential transition team’s request for information on the borders in December 2016 Customs and Border Protection confirmed the need to fence off more than 640 kilometres of the country’s southern border but also some of its northern border between Canada and Maine On June 3, The Economist published an article on the need to build a wall at the border with Canada Yet no wall has ever succeeded in permanently eliminating contraband mules or even corrupt border guards can always undermine its effectiveness; or the traffic merely shifts elsewhere A wall simply pushes us farther from getting to the heart of the matter from treating the illness and not just the symptoms Many different problems bring nations to build walls but we should recognize them as pointless facades that must This article was originally published in French and Operation Streamline was ultimately cancelled for the day As my arms were locked around the wheels of the bus I felt baptized into a deeper spirit of solidarity than I have ever known Every one of the more than 70 immigrants on board those buses was shackled around their wrists and ankles They were treated as if they were the biggest threats imaginable to our national security the immigrants on the buses lifted their chains up to be seen through the darkened windows and some of them put their palms together in front of their faces in a gesture of prayer and recognition of the meaning of the action Other protestors at the scene had made signs in Spanish to communicate with the immigrants with messages of: "Your struggle is our struggle;" "We are here defending your rights; ""You are not alone;" "We are with you keep fighting;" "To desire a better life is not a crime." Operation Streamline began in Tucson in 2008 and in other key border cities the program has streamlined more than 200,000 people This set a new precedent for harsh criminal prosecutions and extended prison-time for "entry" or "re-entry" into the country without documentation which were previously treated as civil and administrative cases federal criminal misdemeanors and felonies are given out like candy with a concerning lack of due process After their sentencing and before deportation the immigrants are then sent to private prisons for months where the Corrections Corporation of America makes tremendous profit off of mothers and workers criminalized just for the act of migration to return to their families in the U.S This injustice that occurs in the purported halls of justice has gone on day after day in our community condoned by President Obama and most members of Congress the approved Senate immigration bill (S.744) specifically seeks to triple the capacity of the Tucson Operation Streamline and double the mandatory incarceration time I prayerfully took part in this action because I believe strongly that Jesus stands with and gives his life for the migrant and anyone society labels an outcast or criminal We must turn the tide that allows the hyper-criminalization of migrants Too many families have been torn apart from endless and historic rates of detention and deportations Too many people have died in the desert of Arizona trying to return to their families and homes in the U.S Sometimes good people let injustices go on because their privilege or state allegiances have blinded them to the realities of their neighbors who suffer and actions like this provide a spark of awareness And sometimes powerful people let injustices go on because it is politically beneficial and profitable and confrontation is needed to "open the door to negotiation," as Dr wrote in his "Letter from Birmingham Jail:" "Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and establish such creative tension that a community that has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue … the purpose of direct action is to create a situation so crisis-packed that it will inevitably open the door to negotiation." Oct. 11 would have been just another day when white unmarked Homeland Security buses with dark tinted windows drive through downtown Tucson full of immigrant detainees. As a community, we said not today, not one more Maryada Valletworks with No More Deaths a humanitarian initiative on the U.S.-Mexico border that promotes faith-based principles for immigration reform Image: Operation Streamline protest, photo from AFSC Photos Got something to say about what you're reading Call him “Nugget,” call him “Nunu,” or just call him number one Katie Dinan’s 15-year-old Selle Francais gelding Nougat du Vallet (Scherif D’Elle—Camee Du Vallet Saphir D’Elle) has staked his claim as his barn’s top horse since he guided Dinan to victory in one of their first grand prix classes together during the 2012 Winter Equestrian Festival (Fla.) Katie Dinan’s 15-year-old Selle Francais gelding Nougat Du Vallet (Scherif D’Elle—Camee Du Vallet The tiny chestnut with the huge jump and euphoric post-fence buck took Dinan to her first Olympic selection trials first five-star grand prix and first FEI World Cup Final The duo also helped the United States win the Consolation Final at the inaugural Furusiyya FEI Nations Cup Final in Barcelona in 2013 and kept up their winning ways—the $250,000 Alltech Grand Prix at the Alltech National Horse Show (Ky.) was just one of their 15 top-10 grand prix finishes in 2013 it’s easy to see why Nugget expects the best care and he gets it from Dinan’s groom Cormac Kenny The Irish native joined Dinan’s team in June and he is involved in every aspect of the care and maintenance of her top mounts from feeding and turnout to even riding while Dinan is attending classes at Harvard University (Mass.) He took the Chronicle behind the stall door at Dinan’s Staysail Farm in Wellington to get to know the horse with many nicknames but one unforgettable attitude  “If he’s not being treated like he’s number one And he always goes out in the paddock first because that’s definitely most important to him you agree to our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy You may also receive promotional emails from The Chronicle of the Horse Copyright © 2025 The Chronicle of the Horse We use cookies to help you navigate efficiently and perform certain functions You will find detailed information about all cookies under each consent category below The cookies that are categorized as "Necessary" are stored on your browser as they are essential for enabling the basic functionalities of the site We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze how you use this website and provide the content and advertisements that are relevant to you These cookies will only be stored in your browser with your prior consent You can choose to enable or disable some or all of these cookies but disabling some of them may affect your browsing experience Necessary cookies are required to enable the basic features of this site such as providing secure log-in or adjusting your consent preferences These cookies do not store any personally identifiable data Functional cookies help perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website These cookies help provide information on metrics such as the number of visitors Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with customized advertisements based on the pages you visited previously and to analyze the effectiveness of the ad campaigns Learn how to describe the purpose of the image (opens in a new tab) Leave empty if the image is purely decorative If we have selected the wrong experience for you Fields marked with an asterisk (*) are required and currently serves as Managing Director in Digital & Technology service line for financial services Christophe has extensive experience in the definition and the implementation of large scale Digital & Technology-based transformation and performance improvement programs with a focus on SAP and Cloud-based technologies They have given him a balanced perspective across the complex organisation and technology landscape service types – especially defining visioning document adapting operating models and improving the performance of operations He has developed programs not only in Luxembourg but also in EMEA Christophe specializes in financial accounting performance accounting and human capital and has in-depth expertise in SAP-based transformation and “move-to-cloud” best of breed use cases He is recognized for his expertise in Digital & Technology-based transformation and performance improvement programs within the Deloitte network of member firms and has been appointed as Managing Director at EMEA Level He holds a two master’s degrees in Finance from the High Business School of La Rochelle and in Human Resources from the University of Nancy and certifications in Prince 2 This roundup of research focuses on border barriers — what they are whether they actually help countries control their borders and how they impact the environment and local communities This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License As American lawmakers argue over whether to fund a wall along the United States’ southwestern border the federal government has moved ahead with plans to replace some of the fencing it built there years ago with a 30-foot-tall steel bollard wall a growing number of countries worldwide have built border walls and other barriers to try to control the flow of people and goods El Centro and El Paso sectors of the border Lawmakers have until Feb. 15 to reach a compromise on a new border security plan or there could be another government shutdown. Disagreement over funding — Trump wants $5.7 billion in border wall money — led to a 35-day shutdown that ended Jan To help journalists understand this issue and put it into context federal government reports and other scholarly literature we have summarized research that explains what border barriers are why they have become so popular and whether they actually help countries control their borders We have also included research that investigates the consequences of building these barriers including impacts on the environment and local communities ————————————– This study looks at the reasons why governments in various parts of the world erected border walls between 1800 and 2014 They refer to border wall construction as a “particularly aggressive strategy” for addressing unauthorized crossings and explain that walls are “almost always evidence that neighbors are not effectively cooperating in managing the border and have inconsistent border management strategies.” Saudi Arabia and the Soviet Union are “the most active users” of border walls more than half of border walls erected during the last two centuries were built in the post-Cold War era The researchers find that territorial disputes are not a consistent factor driving governments to erect walls Neither is the presence of civil war in a neighboring state “Borders that separate economies with very different levels of development are likely to be unstable,” the authors write “This instability is associated with a significantly higher probability of wall construction.” the fact that economic inequality is “the most robust predictor of border walls” indicates that walls built in recent decades were designed to fortify countries against unwanted immigrants and illegal trade This report examines some of the challenges the U.S Customs and Border Protection (CBP) faces in using technology border fencing and other resources to control the U.S.-Mexico border Customs and Border Protection and the Border Patrol for not doing more to assess the effectiveness of their efforts Customs and Border Protection “has not developed metrics that systematically use data it collects to assess the contributions of border fencing to its mission as the Government Accountability Office has recommended.” Also the Border Patrol “has not yet used available data to determine the contribution of surveillance technologies to border security efforts.” The report spotlights problems in maintaining the border fence CBP recorded a total of 9,287 breaches in pedestrian fencing and repair costs averaged $784 per breach,” according to the report Parts of the fence have become so degraded they needed replacing issued by Congress’ public policy research arm offers a close examination of the federal laws and policies that govern how physical barriers can or should be used along America’s international borders The report also outlines the various laws that DHS can waive for the construction of border fencing – the Safe Drinking Water Act Archeological Resources Protection Act and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act the acting section research manager for the Congressional Research Center also makes it clear that there are no legal barriers to prevent the expansion of a America’s border barrier Garcia explains that after several hundred miles of barrier were constructed between 2005 and 2011 DHS “largely stopped deploying additional fencing as the agency altered its enforcement strategy in a manner that places less priority upon barrier construction.” Before Trump became president in 2017 federal law already required DHS to build almost 50 miles of additional barrier no deadline had been set for the completion of that expansion Scholars from Dartmouth College and Stanford University examine how expanding the U.S.-Mexico border fence has affected migration and the U.S They focus on the segment erected between 2007 and 2010 under the Secure Fence Act of 2006 which added 548 miles of reinforced fencing in Arizona The key takeaway: The $2.3 billion project curbed migration and benefited low-skill U.S we estimate the Secure Fence Act reduced the aggregate Mexican population living in the United States by 0.64 percent equivalent to a reduction of 82,647 people,” the authors write Researchers find that for each migrant lost America’s gross domestic product fell by about $30,000 “Because the wall expansion resulted in fewer Mexican workers residing in the United States economic activity was redistributed toward Mexico increasing real GDP in Mexico by $1.2 billion and causing real GDP in the United States to fall by $2.5 billion,” they write The expansion led to a slight increase in per capita income – an extra 36 cents — for low-skill workers in the U.S high-skill workers saw a small drop – an estimated loss of $4.35 another fence expansion “would have larger impacts on migration from Mexico to the United States they would also result in greater reallocation of economic activity to Mexico; for example a wall expansion that builds along half the remaining uncovered border would result in 144,256 fewer Mexican workers residing in the United States causing the United States real GDP to decline by $4.3 billion or approximately $29,800 in lost economic output for each migrant prevented.” It’s important to note that the researchers’ estimates are based on the number of Mexican citizens living in the U.S who applied for an identification card from a Mexican consulate in the U.S It is unclear what percentage of Mexican citizens residing in the U.S about 850,000 of which are issued per year The researchers suggest that instead of expanding the border fence a better option for reducing migration would be to cut the costs of trade between the two countries That should result in higher wages in Mexico “would have resulted in both greater declines in Mexico to United States migration and substantial welfare gains for all workers.” from researchers at several Texas universities examines the “social justice impacts” of a DHS plan to erect border fence in certain parts of Texas Researchers looked specifically at the plan outlined in the DHS’ November 2007 Environmental Impact Statement for the Rio Grande Valley Sector They focused on the path of the fence through Cameron County comparing locations where the USDHS planned to erect fence and locations where they planned to leave gaps They considered how the project would affect individuals’ use and ownership of the land would have had a disproportionate impact on people with lower incomes and education levels as well as Hispanics and people who were not U.S The researchers note that it does not appear the federal government studied how the fence would affect communities before devising its plan The DHS “did not show sufficient due diligence in understanding and mitigating any disparate impacts,” the authors write adding that DHS “acknowledged that the general placement of the fence along the Mexican border ensures that poor Hispanic immigrant families are those most likely to be affected by its construction.” The researchers write that although the fence route eventually changed The DHS “has not provided any information indicating that the route changed substantially or that the government considered the characteristics of those who were impacted in making changes to the location of the fence,” they explain which appears in an international law journal examines border fences’ impact on wildlife and natural habitats from an international law and policy perspective The authors explain that the characteristics of each type of barrier affects wildlife differently Existing barriers are made of a range of materials barbed or razor wire and electrified fencing Some fencing strategies involve land mines Barriers are of particular concern in Central Asia home to a variety of migratory and nomadic mammals impeding migrations and killing animals attempting to cross border fences pose an actual or potential threat to many of these including the Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa) argali sheep (Ovis ammon) and snow leopard (Panthera uncia),” they write The scholars point out that current laws and policies could be improved to prevent and ameliorate the impacts of border barriers worldwide Barriers “have the potential to undo decades of conservation and international collaboration efforts and their proliferation entails a need to realign our conservation paradigms with the political reality on the ground,” they write which criticizes the U.S.-Mexico border barrier and Trump’s proposed expansion of it was signed by more than 2,500 scientists representing dozens of countries It stresses the barrier’s “negative impacts on wildlife and binational collaboration in conservation and scientific research” and offers recommendations for limiting harm The authors explain that a continuous border wall or fence “could disconnect more than 34 percent of U.S nonflying native terrestrial and freshwater animal species … from the 50 percent or more of their range that lies south of the border.” They complain that the border barrier and security operations have obstructed scientific research and Mexican scientists have shared distressing stories of being intimidated and delayed by border security officers,” they write The scientists offer four recommendations for moving forward the first of which is for Congress to make sure DHS follows federal environmental laws “Any future appropriations for border barrier construction and operations should require adherence to all environmental laws and preclude their waiver,” the authors write “In areas where the DHS has already issued waivers and opportunities for public participation as prescribed by all relevant environmental laws.” The remaining three recommendations focus on performing surveys to identify species and habitats at risk avoiding barriers in areas with “high ecological sensitivity” and facilitating “scientific research in the borderlands to complement and assist environmental evaluation and mitigation efforts.” scientists from Europe and Asia offer their views on how wildlife are harmed by border fencing in Europe They specifically discuss the impact on bears lynx and wolves in Slovenia and Croatia and on khulan and other large herbivores in the southeast Gobi The authors point out that they had difficulty finding information on border fences in these regions a systematic overview of these details is lacking making it impossible to conduct any form of spatially explicit analysis of the real fragmentation effect of these structures,” they write “There are likely to be very different effects of structures on different species migratory large herbivores and large carnivores being most affected.” Another main takeaway: The researchers estimated there is a total of 30,000 kilometers of border fencing in the study area and that Central Asia is one of the most heavily fenced regions on the planet The authors stress the need for scientists and policymakers to work together “The opportunities for transboundary cooperation in wildlife conservation are shrinking in many regions,” they write “When examining the geopolitical situation and the very real security challenges that some countries in Eurasia are facing at the moment it seems likely that many of these fences are here to stay and that more are likely to appear This means that conservationists will have to recognise the potential impacts of these fences and adapt population management accordingly.” Editor’s note: This post has been updated with a more recent number for border barriers worldwide Harvard Kennedy School is committed to protecting your personal information you agree to receive communications from The Journalist's Resource and to allow HKS to store your data HKS will never sell your email address or other information to a third party All communications will include the opportunity to unsubscribe Volume 15 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2021.687393 a growing evidence in young adults show that sensorimotor processing is at the core of cognition Considering that this approach predicts direct interaction between sensorimotor processing and cognition embodied cognition may thus be particularly relevant to study aging since this population is characterized by concomitant changes in sensorimotor and cognitive processing The present perspective aims at showing the value and interest to explore normal aging throughout embodiment by focusing on the neurophysiological and cognitive changes occurring in aging we report some of the neurophysiological substrates underpinning the perceptual and memory interactions in older adults from the low and high perceptual processing to the conjunction in the medial temporal lobe We then explore how these changes could explain more broadly the cognitive changes associated with aging in terms of losses and gains Illustration of the sensorimotor grounded memory traces The left panel represents the activation of the sensorimotor components when seeing an object (here The right panel represents the partial (re)activation of these sensorimotor components leading to the emergence of the associated memory As memory is defined as a dynamic emergence the representation may be slightly different from the percept A better understanding of the changes requires to study the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying memory in the MTL (the hippocampus and surrounding cortex) and the effect of age on them Basic sensory interference between individual stimulus characteristics (e.g. lines and colors) can be resolved in the sensory cortex When more perceptually complex features are introduced (e.g. the interference is resolved at higher processing level (e.g. conjunctive representations of object scenes in a spatial context) are resolved in the hippocampus the processing of similar information in aging could be impacted at low levels of similarity in long-term memory while deficits would be evident at shorter time frames (e.g. perception) only at higher levels of similarity the alteration of the conjunction processing in the MTL could have wider consequences than the specific memories The consequence of reduced sensory processing in aging should not be limited to memory according to embodiment. According to the embodied and situated memory models Act-In (Activation-Integration, Versace et al., 2014) episodic) emerge from the same sensorimotor components of the different memory traces All experiences of the individual are supposed to be accumulated as memory traces These traces are distributed across modal and heteromodal neuronal systems coding the multiple sensorimotor components of the experiences then it should in return bias the dynamics of the simulation in favor of the inter-trace activation (less distinct processing) Normal aging is characterized by sensory-perceptual (and motor) decline are required to fully explore the progressive sensory (motor) and cognitive changes occurring throughout life Embodied cognition provides a theoretical framework explaining the possible these links given that any representation at the source of cognitive functioning remains grounded in these sensorimotor components memory and perception (and action) are functionally equivalent This perspective investigated the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying these links The sensory decline (organ level) should have a minimal impact mainly on overlapping stimuli by impoverishment of the related signal Higher perceptual decline should affect the simulation mechanism leading to the emergence of a less specific and detailed representation Functional changes in the primary perceptual areas may reduce the benefit of distinct perceptual information while structural changes in the MTL may reinforce of overlapping perceptual and memory information Since embodied representation should be at the core of cognition such changes should have wider cognitive consequences than memory aging could be characterized by less specific and more rigid processing This perspective highlights the interest to study aging in an embodied cognition approach, which could represent an alternative to other theories of cognitive aging due to how the sensory (motor)- cognitive interactions are defined. The focus of the present article on perceptual-memory interactions also suggest that early sensory improvement and environmental enrichment could improve cognitive aging (Leon and Woo, 2018) Similar effects should also be found with motor and action interactions We hope that this brief overview of the contribution of embodied cognition to characterize neurocognitive aging will encourage further investigation of cognitive functions in aging from an embodied perspective The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author/s All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version JM and GV are supported by a grant from the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region for the project Vieillissement Maladie Chronique et Stimulation Cognitive (ViMaCC) The ViMaCC project was co-financed by the European Union within the framework of the Fonds européen de développement régional (FEDER) MI was supported by the FACTOLAB framework sponsored by Michelin Tyres Manufacturer and by the French government research programs “Investissements d’Avenir” through the IDEX-ISITE initiative 16-IDEX-0001 (CAP 20-25) and the IMobS3 Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-16-01) Exploring age-related decline on the Wisconsin card sorting test Google Scholar Emergence of a powerful connection between sensory and cognitive functions across the adult life span: a new window to the study of cognitive aging The human medial temporal lobe processes online representations of complex objects doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.05.023 doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093639 PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Changes in cortical grey matter density associated with long-standing retinal visual field defects Perceptual similarity can drive age-related elevation of false recognition Sensory representations supporting memory specificity: age effects on behavioral and neural 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service of perception Reduced fidelity of neural representation underlies episodic memory decline in normal aging Behavioral evidence for pattern separation in human episodic memory Izaute M and Vallet GT (2021) Low-Resolution Neurocognitive Aging and Cognition: An Embodied Perspective Copyright © 2021 Mille, Brambati, Izaute and Vallet. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) *Correspondence: Jordan Mille, Sm9yZGFuLm1pbGxlQHVjYS5mcg== Odon Vallet scholarships were granted to 465 students and pupils across seven Southern provinces and cities in Vietnam The scholarship award ceremony was held in Ho Chi Minh City on the morning of August 26 304 scholarships were granted to high school students and 155 scholarships were dedicated to students in universities and higher education The Odon Vallet Scholarship Fund aims to support needy pupils and students with their outstanding academic achievements the scholarship fund has granted more than 55,000 scholarships worth VND500 billion (US$20 million) to outstanding Vietnamese students and pupils the Odon Vallet Scholarship Fund has been sponsored by Professor of religious history at the Sorbonne University Odon Vallet Professor Odon Vallet has given to the scholarship fund of the organization “Meeting Vietnam” to award scholarships to excellent students and pupils in Vietnam Ministry of Information and Communications The Sickness, a new play written and directed by Emil Varda, will star Ryan Cupello (Dirty Dancing national tour) and Mia Vallet (Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Off-Broadway) as a Lower East Side couple struggling with heroin addiction in the 1990s. Previews begin February 7 with an opening set for February 13 at the Access Theater Off-Broadway Productions engagement are scenic and costume designer Vincent Gunn and lighting designer Alexander Fetchko Varda was a theatre maker and political dissident in Communist Poland he continued to work in theatre in New York City where he is the co-owner at the Waverly Inn played in New York City at the East Village Playhouse and other venues around the world “I am deeply troubled by the direction of our world and don't see a clear path forward,” said Varda “My colleagues and I are attempting to revisit the radical potential of twentieth century European avant-garde theatre because it allows for complex forms of artistic and intellectual expression that challenges conventional forms without surrendering to sentimentality or postmodern nihilism.” Due to the expansive nature of Off-Broadway and more will star in the Kevin Zak comedy at the Orpheum Theatre Off-Broadway and George Clooney will also be celebrated at the June ceremony and others are vowing to fight back against the funding cuts Waitress and & Juliet star Wolfe will lead the stage show about Miracle Mop inventor and businesswoman Joy Mangano many Off-Broadway shows have implemented rush What shows are about to close in New York City The Arlekin Players production took four Off-Broadway honors May 4 The play began performances April 28 at Audible's Minetta Lane Theatre Thank You!You have now been added to the list Blocking belongson the stage,not on websites Our website is made possible bydisplaying online advertisements to our visitors Please consider supporting us bywhitelisting playbill.com with your ad blocker.Thank you By Jennifer Learn-Andes jandes@www.timesleader.com Loss of friend to suicide prompts message from Luzerne County manager Suicide prevention increasingly has been in Luzerne County Manager C David Pedri’s thoughts since a close friend took her life this fall She had an upbeat personality and was “absolutely full of life,” he said “It absolutely shook all of us who were blessed to know this person You never would have seen it coming,” Pedri said His friend was among 52 county residents who died in suicides through Dec according to statistics released Friday by county Coroner Frank Hacken While the number of 2020 deaths mirrors that of the prior year county Mental Health and Developmental Services Administrator Tara Vallet said her agency has been tracking more residents with depression and anxiety and acute levels of those conditions reaching a crisis level The coronavirus pandemic is an obvious factor because it has increased stress for many Vallet also believes some have avoided seeking treatment due to concerns about contracting the virus causing their symptoms to become magnified Her crucial message is that anyone struggling with mental health issues should not hesitate to call 211 “This service exists for everyone,” Vallet said That’s what they are there for.” the trained 211 operators will link callers to mental health providers and other resources Telehealth services have been heavily used for counseling and other mental health treatment during the pandemic The state may end up keeping some remote services as an option after in-person services are fully restored “It’s one of the positives of the pandemic because we’re reaching more people Some people are more accepting of telehealth,” Vallet said She also encourages all residents to “offer an ear” to anyone who seems troubled “You don’t know what the person next to you is struggling with,” she said The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has cited many factors that contribute to suicide among those with and without mental health conditions housing loss and employment or financial struggles Pedri said a quick phone call to check on the well-being of others can make a difference Nobody is “immune” from developing depression or anxiety “You never know when that phone call could catch someone at the right time,” he said County officials have stressed some suicide victims masked their distress to a degree that loved ones would have no way of detecting something was amiss Friends and family members worried about someone who may be suicidal also can call 211 to receive guidance on how to proceed Overcoming the perceived shame of mental health conditions remains a challenge “Asking for help is not a sign of weakness,” Pedri said “It’s no different,” she said the majority of 2020 county suicide death victims — 45 of the 52 — were men The average age of this year’s death victims is 45 26 of this year’s suicides were from gunshot wounds Most of those taking their lives are not in active mental health treatment “It’s likely the stigma of mental health preventing these people from reaching out,” she said Her department has been trying to connect to those at risk through public service announcement videos One tangible act she recommends: locking weapons Residents can access gun locks by contacting her office at 570-825-9441 The county has distributed hundreds of free locks that require a key in recent years The premise is that the act of removing the lock could make someone reconsider “It only takes a few seconds to change your mind,” Vallet said State officials recently issued a release about residents struggling with anxiety ”The holidays can be both a time of joy and a period of stress for people depending on their circumstances,” it said State Human Services Department Secretary Teresa Miller said pandemic-related alterations in family traditions can result in grief ”No matter what you are feeling this year please know that you do not have to endure it alone,” she said in the release Reach Jennifer Learn-Andes at 570-991-6388 or on Twitter @TLJenLearnAndes