chestnut and pine are reportedly so delicate by ALEXX ALTMAN-DEVILBISS | The National News Desk WASHINGTON (TNND) — President Donald Trump on Thursday threatened a 200% tariff on European wine champagne and spirits after the European Union put a 50% tariff on American whiskey The European tariff is expected to go into effect on April 1 Trump announced the news on Truth Social calling the EU "one of the most hostile and abusive taxing and tariffing authorities in the World which was formed for the sole purpose of taking advantage of the United States." “If this Tariff is not removed immediately will shortly place a 200% Tariff on all WINES & ALCOHOLIC PRODUCTS COMING OUT OF FRANCE AND OTHER E.U “This will be great for the Wine and Champagne businesses in the U.S.” The EU was quick to announce countermeasures on up to $28 billion of American goods "We firmly believe that in a world fraught with geopolitical and economic uncertainties it is not in our common interest to burden our economies with tariffs We are ready to engage in meaningful dialogue," von der European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said in a statement Eric Gregory, the president of the Kentucky Distillers Association commented last week on the wider impact of retaliatory tariffs the return of retaliatory tariffs on American whiskey will have far-reaching consequences across Kentucky home to 95% of the world's Bourbon," Gregory wrote “That means hard-working Americans – corn farmers and the communities and businesses built around Kentucky Bourbon will suffer.” WIA thanks International Viticulture and Enology Society (IVES) for permission to reprint this article This research is aimed to highlight chemical and sensory differences in Sauvignon Blanc wines linked to barrel size Pierre-Louis Teissedre and Kleopatra Chira White wine is increasingly aged in oak barrels to enhance its stability aromatic complexity and organoleptic properties this research aimed to highlight chemical and sensory differences in Sauvignon Blanc wines linked to barrel size total phenolics and fruity aroma were not generally impacted by barrel size the higher the extraction of oak woody volatiles Sauvignon Blanc varietal aromas and typicity seemed to be better preserved by 500 L barrels Transfer of wood compounds into wine and micro-oxygenation that take place during barrel aging have a significant effect on phenolic composition and organoleptic perception of the final product Both processes lead to a greater aroma and flavor complexity and depend on several factors such as wood species and origin “Young wine develops more rapidly in small volume.” The smaller the barrel the greater the surface area to wine volume ratio and the higher the oxygenation flow per wine volume unit the aging process and the oak character of wine will differ depending on barrel size No studies have addressed this issue for white wines even if aging them in oak barrels is becoming a common practice in some winegrowing regions 5% Sémillon and 5% Muscadelle) considered in the present research was vinified in 2018 vintage in Château La Freynelle (Entre-deux-Mers appellation) Alcoholic fermentation started in stainless steel tanks and All wooden containers used were made up of French oak from two species (95% Quercus petraea and 5% Quercus robur) by Nadalié cooperage (Ludon-Médoc Barrels of two different sizes (225 L and 500 L) and two different toastings (Épicé and Fruité) were considered (three different units per modality size-toasting) In order to highlight potential chemical and organoleptic differences linked to barrel size fruity and woody aroma profiles and sensory properties were determined wine was sampled at the end of both alcoholic and malolactic fermentation conventional oenological parameters of wines such as pH (3.5±0.0) titratable and volatile acidity (2.9±0.1 and 0.3±0.0 g/L respectively) remained constant beyond the malolactic fermentation wine color was as well not impacted by barrel size no signs of oxidation nor browning were observed during aging for any of the wines analyzed no significant differences were found between both barrel sizes regarding total phenolic content of wines throughout the whole experimentation the Épicé 225 L barrel (231 ± 3 mg GA/L wine) led to a slightly higher total phenolic content than the largest barrel size (214 ± 1 mg GA/L wine) of the same toasting: the ratio of surface area to wine volume is greater in the smallest barrel (0.9 m2/hL wine for 225 L barrel and 0.7 m2/hL wine for 500 L barrel) The different behaviors observed for Epicé and Fruité barrels may be justified by the barrel toasting influence on phenolics extractability from oak wood synthesized during alcoholic fermentation and modulated during malolactic fermentation are known to play an important role in the fruity nature of wines (2) similar contents of these volatile compounds were found in wines from both barrel sizes fruity character of wines was not impacted by barrel size a quite different woody aroma profile was obtained depending on the barrel volume (Figure 2) considered as main responsible for coconut was observed for wines aged in 225 L barrels trans-whiskeylactone concentration was around 19-fold greater in wine from 225 L barrel than in wine from 500 L barrel The same behavior was shown for Fruité toasting in a lesser extent (a content from 3 to 4-fold higher in the smallest barrel) only wines from 225 L barrels presented concentrations above its perception threshold (54 μg/L wine) Wines from 500 L barrels exhibited values between 3- and 7-fold times lower a direct impact on woody perception of the final wine might be observed the same behavior as whiskeylactones was displayed by vanillin the main contributor to vanilla smell in wines Sensory analyses were performed by a panel of 24 expert judges from the Institute of Vine and Wine Sciences of the University of Bordeaux Olfactory and gustative panel training was first conducted to familiarize the subjects with Sauvignon Blanc character Sauvignon Blanc character was defined for this research according to the main odorant attributes of thiol compounds present in this grape variety: cat’s pee Judges were able to distinguish wines according to barrel size Differences detected between wines from 225 L- and 500 L barrels were significantly related to cat’s pee notes (higher intensity for wines from 500 L barrels) and also to palate volume (greater for wine of 225 L barrel) (Figure 3) even if the differences were not statistically significant judges generally perceived wines from 225 L barrels as woodier and attributed to wines from 500 L barrels a higher Sauvignon Blanc typicity oak character was pleasantly present in all wines but better integrated into the aromatic bouquet of wines aged in 500 L barrels the greater the capacity to keep the typicity and the varietal aromas of Sauvignon Blanc There are two processes participating in the phenomenon of wine aging in barrels: the interaction with wood and the oxygen entering the wine through the barrel As both factors occurred in a lesser extent per unit of wine volume in the 500 L barrels than in 225 L barrels white wines seem to keep longer their varietal essence as the barrel size increases barrel size did not seem to impact significantly both phenolic and fruity aroma composition of the studied white wines it was observed that the extraction of woody aromas certainly depends on the surface area to wine volume ratio: the smaller the barrel the higher the surface of wine-wood interaction per unit of wine volume and the greater the transfer of whiskeylactones and vanillin from wood to wine 500 L barrels seemed to better preserve Sauvignon Blanc varietal aromas (cat’s pee aromatic marker for Sauvignon Blanc typicity) Too much of these compounds might damage wine harmony but just the right amount of wood may significantly improve its quality The goal is both precision and balance to choose a well-judged amount of oak that help enhance fruity aromas add structure and build the desired oak character of the final wine The translation of this article into English was offered to you by Moët Hennessy Comparison between malolactic fermentation container and barrel toasting effects on phenolic Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Barrel-to barrel variation of phenolic and mineral composition of red wine Kleopatra Chira is a researcher specializing in wine chemistry She holds an International Diploma of Enology as well as a Master and a PhD inEnology from the University of Bordeaux and has extensive experience in the chemical and sensory evaluation of wines particularly regarding oak aging and polyphenolic composition.Currently she serves as the Scientific Director of OAK NATION and has contributed significantly to the study of grape tannins Her research has led to numerous publications in peer-reviewed journals and she actively participates in international conferences and scientific collaborations © 2007 - 2025 | Wine Industry Network LLC. All Rights Reserved. an art space linked to a laboratory for computer-aided manufacturing has been renovated with the idea of opening up to the city and bringing in the public The state-of-the-art facilities of the workshops are preceded by a flexible-use semicircular foyer, whose evanescent skin of metal sheet is perforated to give a peep into goings-on within the old industrial building...[+] Centro de cultura digital IMALIMAL Center of Digital Culture Cliente ClientInteractive Media Art Laboratory Arquitectos ArchitectsNP2F; CENTRAL (arquitectos asociados associate architects) Consultores ConsultantsBollinger & Grohmann (estructura structure) there arent any match using your search terms Locals rebel against Musk’s ground station proposals SpaceX’s Starlink unit has withdrawn plans to build two of three proposed satellite ground stations in France The company had proposed to build up to three ground stations across the country; one each in Gravelines (North) The company aimed to install nine 2.86m antennas over a 400 sqm location in Manche. However, The Regulatory Authority for Electronic Communications, Posts, and Press Distribution (Arcep) this month confirmed the company has withdrawn the plans both in Manche and Gravelines “They informed Arcep that they were not continuing their project. I found out this Thursday noon,” environmental activist and resident of Saint-Senier-de-Beuvron, François Dufour told local press SpaceX hasn't publicly disclosed its overall plans for ground station infrastructure globally. Previously the company said it plans to colocate some of its ground stations at Google data centers The company is also developing a ground station on the Isle of Man in the Irish sea between Ireland and mainland UK In March 2021 it was reported UK firm Arqiva had won a contract to provide ground station gateways in the UK for Starlink Arqiva operates five teleports across the UK; located at Crawley Court As DCD has previously reported the explosion in Low Earth Orbit satellites – especially those providing broadband Internet connectivity – requires an increase in the corresponding ground station infrastructure to both control the machines as well as relay the data being sent through them SVP of global cloud & strategic partnerships at SES Networks previously told DCD that the rise in LEO satellites – which could increase from the current ~4,000 to more than 100,000 in the next decade – could see the rise of ground station Edge facilities that are much smaller than traditional sites Rival LEO satellite firm OneWeb hasn’t revealed how many ground stations it has in total or their locations but does have facilities across Kazakhstan and Portugal alongside US stations in Alaska Reports indicate its network of 648 satellites could require up to 44 ground stations in total with around 22 thought to be in development in 2020 at the time of its bankruptcy Data Centre Dynamics Ltd (DCD), 32-38 Saffron Hill, London, EC1N 8FH Email. [email protected]DCD is a subsidiary of InfraXmedia This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page Juliette A OKDepuis ce samedi 2 février le tram C est arrivé à Villenave d'Ornon Clap d'action pour l'agrandissement d'une ligne tant attendu "Lycée Vaclav Havel à Bègles" place à "Villenave Pyrénées" Désormais deux nouvelles stations ont été ajoutées.  soit l'ajout d'un nouveau tronçon de 1,4 km vers Villenave d'Ornon a été mis en ligne ce samedi 2 février Et inauguré par Monsieur Alain Juppé Une aubaine pour les habitants du sud de la Métropole Sont maintenant desservis la route de Toulouse l'avenue des Pyrénées, le gymnase Nelson Paillou ou encore le collège du pont de la Maye et l’ensemble commercial extra-rocade il faudra compter 32 minutes pour relier la Place des Quinconces et 22 minutes pour atteindre la Gare Saint-Jean. Grande nouveauté juste à côté du terminus avec 750 places de stationnement.  La Rédac' ©Bordeaux TourismeNe croyez-pas devenir chêvres chaque année la transhumance invite plusieurs centaines de moutons et brebis accompagnés de leurs éleveurs à déambuler librement dans la métropole le rendez-vous est pris le dimanche 01 octobre 2023.  Le cortège partira de la Ferme de Baugé (rendez-vous dès 8h30 et départ de la marche à 9h) jusqu'au domaine de la Junca (arrivée prévue à 12h) le célèbre Pierre-Paul Grondin surnommé « Pépé » sera de la partie avec son troupeau de brebis Vous n’aurez qu’une journée avant que ces derniers aillent fouler les prairies vertes de Gironde les marcheurs peuvent suivre le troupeau sur un parcours de 8 km entrecoupé de pauses animées : folkloriques une grande fête populaire sera organisée au domaine de la Junca jusqu’à 18h avec stands de producteurs et restaurateurs locaux Inscriptions ouvertes jusqu’au 28 septembre par téléphone au 05 56 75 69 85 ou sur le site internet de la Ville La meilleure plage de France 2025 vient d'être élue en Gironde  Un jardin éphémère avec guinguette et chasse aux œufs s'installe à Bordeaux pour Pâques Un nouveau train express va vous emmener à Barcelone en 45 minutes depuis Bordeaux Aux 4 coins du mondeUn petit bout de Bali à Bordeaux .. Dans cette caverne d'Ali Baba indonésienne nos yeux se perdent parmi toutes les pépites dépaysantes que l'on rêve de ramener à la maison.  Aux 4 coins du monde est une boutique de décoration bohème aux inspirations ethniques Bien connu des Bordelais amateurs de l'île des Dieux la boutique de 45 m2 se cache dans la charmante rue Bouffard. Nicolas son fondateur épaulé par sa soeur sont des amoureux de l’Indonésie et de son artisanat. Lui déniche des pépites sur place en Indonésie où il se rend régulièrement et elle les vend en magasin C’est aux côtés des artisans que Nicolas choisit ses stocks et qu’il les renouvellent et en ligne (livraison gratuite à partir de 80€) on retrouve une large gamme de produits bohèmes chic qui répond aux grandes tendances du moment couplée à quelques pièces modernes et plus design (cœur sur les chaises d'inspiration Jeanneret que tout le monde s'arrache) On découvre des lampes en tissage corde des boîtes traditionnelles à offrandes ornées de perles des luminaires en rotin, de véritable noix de coco transformées en bougies des planches de surf décoratives en bois d'acajou ou encore des meubles en bois massif et cannage En somme : des produits inspirants éclectiques et uniques, qui allient élégance et qualité haut de gamme Un entrepôt sur rendez-vous à Villenave-d'Ornon Nicolas a ouvert un entrepôt (sur rendez-vous) à Villenave-d'Ornon pour y stocker de plus grosses pièces On peut retrouver également tout les articles présents en magasin. Certains d'entre eux peuvent même être réalisés sur mesure avec des dimensions particulières on peut retrouver le stand Aux 4 coins du monde sur le marché du Cap-Ferret certains jours en juillet et août Aux 4 coins du monde36 Rue Bouffard, 33000 Bordeaux05 54 69 50 53Site internet 10 jeux de société incontournables à offrir pour Noël 2024 Noël : les meilleurs calendriers de l’Avent 2024 sélectionnés par la rédac 30 trucs pour reconnaître un trentenaire à Bordeaux : vos meilleures réponses Ella Billet le CGR du centre-ville le Français dispose lui aussi d’une salle premium de 99 places bénéficiant de la technologie ice immersive Extrême confort et nouvelles technologies s'entremêlent pour profiter du cinéma comme jamais auparavant.  Vous pourrez tester l'expérience incroyable de la Salle ICE Immersive Cinema Experience dès le 13 juillet au CGR le Français spécifique au réseau CGR révolutionne le monde du cinéma Procurer une émotion différente au spectateur que celle qu'il ressentirait devant son canapé le groupe a vu les choses en grand : meilleur projecteur de sa génération (laser 3 DLP résolution 4K) pour un confort visuel inédit de même pour la technologie sonore d'une qualité exceptionnelle Dolby Atmos® ( avec plus de 50 enceintes et 35 amplis), fauteuils club inclinables plus d'espaces entre les rangées, repose pieds ou encore chargeur à induction.. À savoir que certaines salles en France proposent même des fauteuils 4DX qui bougent et vibrent en fonction du récit le prix de la place est plus élevé Mais tous les spectateurs qui sortent des salles obscures ont des étoiles plein les yeux.  L'équivalent d'un voyage en première classe mais au cinoche !  Toutes les infos par ici