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France’s Elsa Jacquemot made her presence felt during a progressive 2019 campaign
in which she reached the quarter-finals at two Junior Grand Slams – Roland Garros and Wimbledon
which included two titles at J1 level – at Beaulieu-sur-Mer and Repentigny – helped guarantee her place at October’s ITF Junior Finals in Chengdu
Jacquemot defied her status as the youngest competitor in the girls’ draw at the Sichuan International Tennis Centre to finish in third place behind eventual year-end No
1 Diane Parry and 2019 Wimbledon girls’ champion Daria Snigur
then her performance in Chengdu was a mirror image of Clara Tauson’s 12 months earlier
Tauson was the youngest girl competing in Chengdu as she finished third before proceeding to triumph at the Australian Open a matter of months later
who rose 119 places during 2019 to finish the year ranked No
would appear to be on the march and a contender for honours and a maiden Junior Grand Slam title
Describing himself as a lion on court and having a tattoo depicting the king of the jungle on his back
Harold Mayot certainly snarled with intent as he ended 2019 in imperious form
His surge gained considerable momentum with a maiden Grade A title at Osaka in October before dispatching two Junior Grand Slam winners – Jonas Forejtek and Shintaro Mochizuki – as he reached the final of the ITF Junior Finals in Chengdu
only to be denied silverware by Holger Vitus Nodskov Rune
This was followed by another final appearance
and then a first professional title at M15 Villers Les Nancy in November
His 2020 campaign has started with inroads at Challenger level
with Mayot reaching the third round at the Noumea Challenger and the quarter-final at the Bendigo Challenger
Such form has landed Mayot the billing as the top seed in the boys’ draw at the Australian Open as the 17-year-old
who reached the last four at Wimbledon in July
eyes a maiden Junior Grand Slam trophy.
After winning her maiden Grade A title at the prestigious Orange Bowl event in December
American Robin Montgomery described her victory as a “stepping stone”
clearly believing that loftier silverware is a distinct possibility
triumphed at Plantation in style as she claimed the ultimate prize there without dropping a set
and while her season may have been something of a slower burner
Two rounds were navigated at the two Junior Grand Slams – Wimbledon and the US Open – she contested before a glory-filled week at the USTA National Campus in Orlando
Montgomery returned a perfect record from the seven matches she played as USA were crowned Junior Fed Cup by BNP Paribas champions for the third year in succession
The first junior title of her career arrived at Nicholasville before the perfect crescendo to her campaign ensured she climbed from No
123 at the end of 2018 to a year-end junior ranking of No
Montgomery is among the frontrunners for Melbourne honours
South Africa’s Kholowam Montsi hit the headlines in recent weeks as he and Eliakim Coulibaly
ensured that Africa have two boys in the Top 20 of the junior rankings for the first time in history
12 spot in the ITF World Tennis Tour Junior Rankings presented by IMG Academy
a position fuelled by a powerful end to 2019 which saw him embark upon a 28-match winning streak and claim his maiden Grade A title at Cape Town in September
who was first spotted during an African Talent ID camp for youngsters aged 12 and under in 2012 – topped the podium on six occasions last season
with all of his trophies lifted on a hard court
Such a record has led to admiring glances and suggestions that Montsi – a recipient of significant support from the ITF and Grand Slam Development Fund in recent years – could assume the status of Africa’s first Junior Grand Slam boys’ champion since compatriot Byron Bertram in 1970.
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An impressive victory by Thomas Venos last week added to what has been a big year for Canadian wheelchair tennis players
Venos was not even the only Canadian wheelchair athlete to lift a trophy last week
There has been a steady stream of big results by the Canadians on the ITF Wheelchair Tour in 2024
but last week was the biggest week yet with three trophies ending up in Canadian hands
Thomas Venos led the way with a win at the Futures event in Villers-lès-Nancy
After three straight-set wins to advance to the title match
the Canadian gritted out a three-set win 2-6
The title is the fifth ITF singles title of Venos’ career
It is also his first outside of North America
as his previous four titles all came in either Canada or the United States
The 24-year-old has now won a singles title in three consecutive seasons
Venos will look to keep the momentum going at an event in Plock
Mitch McIntyre won his second ITF quad doubles title of the year in Switzerland last week
He and Israeli partner Shraga Weinberg dropped a mere two games on their way to the title
which they won by defeating the top-seeded pair 6-1
Gary Luker made it three wins for the Canadians and his came on home soil at the Premier Racquet Club Wheelchair Classic in Markham
He won all of his matches in straight sets
losing a total of just eight games in the event
Read also: Kai Schrameyer Set Bar High for Canadian Wheelchair Tennis Players
While Luker was the lone Canadian to claim a pro title in Markham
Anne-Marie Dolinar came close to joining him in the winner’s circle
She reached the women’s singles final where she fell in straight sets to the top seed Maria Fernanda Alves of Brazil
Canada also played host to an ITF J100 junior event in Burlington last week
with three of the four trophies ending up in Canadian hands
Nicolas Arseneault claimed the boys singles title when his twin brother Mikael retired in the final
Emma Dong won the girls singles title over fellow Canadian Anna Tabunshchyk
The girls doubles title was claimed by the host-nation team of Anastasia Malysheva and Anna Taylor
Canada's juniors were also competing at the Jr Davis Cup
and U14 World Junior Tennis team competition qualifying events last week
The U14 boys team and the U16 girls team both qualified for the finals later this year
Click here to read more about the qualifying event.
Alexis Galarneau’s strong form on the ATP Challenger Tour in Mexico continued last week as he reached the semifinals of an event in Acapulco
Galarneau has reached the quarter-finals or better in four consecutive weeks at events in Mexico
the Canadian women are out in force at a pair of ITF W100 events
Carol Zhao and Stacey Fung are all competing in Tokyo
while Marina Stakusic and Katherine Sebov are in the draw in Oeiras
Félix Auger-Aliassime reached his first quarter-final of the clay-court swing last week in Munich
his second trip to the last eight of an event in 2024
It was a challenging week in Germany as weather wreaked havoc with the schedule and the court. The Canadian was able to score wins over Maximilian Marterer and Taro Daniel before falling in the quarters against eventual-champion Jan-Lennard Struff in a match that started in the rain on Friday before being finished on Saturday morning
Denis Shapovalov made his 2024 on the European clay last week but lost in the first round of Bucharest to Corentin Moutet
Click here for more news from the tours.
The first combined 1000 event on clay kicks off this week at the Mutua Madrid Open with three Canadians in the singles draws
Leylah Annie Fernandez will contest her first event of 2024 on the European dirt
she gets a first-round bye and will meet either Diana Shnaider or Anastasia Potapova in her first match
Fernandez is projected to meet the 2022 Madrid champion Ons Jabeur
Ninth seed Jelena Ostapenko could loom in round four
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The Montrealer has a difficult draw with No. 9 Grigor Dimitrov in line for round three
followed by Barcelona champion Casper Ruud in the fourth round and top seed Jannik Sinner likely awaiting in the quarter-finals
Denis Shapovalov kicks off his campaign against Facundo Diaz Acosta and would meet Roland-Garros quarter-finalist Tomas Martin Etcheverry in round two
Two-time Madrid champion Alexander Zverev looms in round three
Shapovalov faced Zverev in the 2018 semifinals at this event
You can follow the Canadians in action every week here
Bianca Andreescu won her first title at any level in over five years
beating Leylah Annie Fernandez in the doubles..
Gabriel Diallo saw the best run of his career so far at a Masters 1000 event end in the Madrid Open quarter-finals on..
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One hundred and ninety-three fake news websites targeting both Ukraine and European countries
By Florian Reynaud and Philippe Ricard
his message was picked up by a litany of sites and actors identified as regularly sharing Russian disinformation and conspiracy theories
One of these sites is a French-language publication
which is now the subject of an allegation by the French authorities
the prime minister's department for surveillance and protection against foreign digital interference
uncovers a network dubbed "Portal Kombat" by investigators
made up of 193 fake news sites targeting both the Ukrainian population and European countries
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during a meeting between the foreign affairs ministers of the three countries
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Volume 7 - 2013 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2013.00002
This article is part of the Research TopicNeural Masses and Fields: Modelling Dynamics of Brain ActivityView all 18 articles
The work introduces a linear neural population model that allows to derive analytically the power spectrum subjected to the concentration of the anesthetic propofol
The analytical study of the power spectrum of the systems activity gives conditions on how the frequency of maximum power in experimental electroencephalographic (EEG) changes dependent on the propofol concentration
we explain the anesthetic-induced power increase in neural activity by an oscillatory instability and derive conditions under which the power peak shifts to larger frequencies as observed experimentally in EEG
Moreover the work predicts that the power increase only occurs while the frequency of maximum power increases
Numerically simulations of the systems activity complement the analytical results
The current work focusses on the power enhancement and the frequency shift of maximum power while increasing the anesthetic concentration and gives insights into its origin by the analytical treatment of a linear neural field model
The present work will simplify further this spatio-temporal model while taking into account the biophysical effects of the anesthetic propofol on synaptic receptors and hence retaining the neurobiological plausibility
The simplicity of the model will allow to reveal the effect of different actions of the anesthetic propofol on synaptic receptors on the frequency of maximum spectral power
the work gives criteria under which conditions the frequency of maximum power increases with increasing propofol concentration and when it may decreases
we will see that the power enhancement for larger propofol concentrations may be explained by an oscillatory instability and we predict that it always occurs while the frequency of maximum power increases
The population includes both excitatory and inhibitory neurons and takes into account excitatory and inhibitory synapses
Assuming that excitatory and inhibitory neurons exhibit identical effective membrane potentials
an identical difference between excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic potentials
the mean excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic potentials Ve(x
the model considers excitatory and inhibitory synapses
L^e=L^e(d/dt) and L^i=L^i(d/dt) denote functional operators describing the corresponding temporal synaptic response phase and the factors ae
ai represent the corresponding synaptic efficacies
the differential operators are the inverse of the integral operators in
where h(t) is the synaptic response function, or more precisely the electric current response in the synaptic receptor to an impact of binding neurotransmitters (Koch, 1999)
The function P(τ) > 0 is the mean pulse activity arriving at the synapses
with the decay time constant τ and the synaptic efficacy a > 0
Then the response amplitude is h(0) = a/τ and the charge transferred in the receptor ρ = a is the time integral over the current flow
The corresponding differential operator stipulates L^V(t)=aP(t) leading to
These expressions hold for excitatory and inhibitory synapses
the decay time of inhibitory synapses τ2 = τ2(p) and the corresponding synaptic efficacy ai = ai(p) depend on p
The input in Equation (1) fluctuates randomly in space and time with ξ(x
The random fluctuations are independent in space and time and thus obey 〈ξ(x
T)〉 = 2Dδ(t − T)δ(x − y)
where 〈·〉 denotes the ensemble average
Considering the latter definitions of synaptic properties
with the decay time of excitatory synapses τ1
Assuming that the random fluctuations are small and do not affect the stationary state [in contrast to recent results gained from non-linear systems (Hutt et al., 2007; Hutt, 2008)], the stationary state Ve(x, t) = V0e = const, Vi(x, t) = V0i = const obeys V0e = aeSe[V−] + I0, V0i = ai(p)Si[V−] with V− = V0e − V0i = aeSe[V−] − ai(p)Si[V−] + I0 (Hutt and Longtin, 2009)
Let us assume the activity variable vector x(t) ∈ ℛN
the external input vector ξ(t) ∈ ℛN
the Greens function matrix G(t) ∈ ℛN × N and
with te unitary matrix 1 ∈ ℛN × N
with the matrix F(iω) and the characteristic polynom P(iω)
The matrix F in Equation (7) includes the matrix elements of the inverse of iω1 − A and the characteristic polynom P represents the corresponding matrix determinant
Inserting Equation (6) into (5) allows to compute G(t) by the residue theorem in functional analysis
with the Heaviside function Θ(t) and the residues matrix Res(zn
t) of F(z)/P(z) at the roots zn of the characteristic equation P(z) = 0
The condition t > 0 considered by the Heaviside function is the mathematical condition for the validity of Equation (8) while it also guarantees the causality of the system response
Equation (8) together with Equation (4) determines the time dependence of the solution x and is computed explicitly in section 3.4
the power spectral density matrix S(ω) of x is the Fourier transform of the auto-correlation function matrix 〈xt(t)x(t − T)〉 (Wiener-Khinchine Theorem) leading to
where the high index t denotes the transposed vector or matrix
h(0) = a/τ2(p)≈ const and the charge transfer ρ(p) = a increase with increasing anesthetic concentration
Hence the relations (Equation 9) are specific properties of inhibitory synapses on cortical neurons only
The small fluctuations about the stationary states ue(x
with the somatic non-linear gain S′e, i = dSe, i(x)/dx at x = {V0e, V0i}. By virtue of the finite spatial domain, the small deviations about the stationary state may be expanded into a discrete infinite Fourier series. The major contribution of neuronal activity to encephalographic activity on the scalp is modeled successfully by a spatially constant Fourier mode ue(x, t) = x(t), ui(x, t) = y(t) (Nunez and Srinivasan, 2006)
with the synaptic non-linear gains N1=aeSe′K˜e(0)L, N2=N2(p)=ai(p)Si′K˜i(0)L
the spatial Fourier transform of the kernels K˜e(k), K˜i(k) and the spatial Fourier transform of the external noise at zero wavenumber γ(t)
We point out that 〈γ(t)〉 = 0
〈γ(t)γ(T)〉 = 2Dδ(t − T)
To study the dynamics about the stationary state
at first let us neglect the external input ξ(t) since in a first approximation the stability of the linear system does not depend on the external input
Then the stationary state is asymptotically stable if the characteristic equation of Equation (10)
Here Tr and det are the trace and determinant of the linear matrix in Equation (10)
the stationary state is a stable focus if Im(λ) = Ω ≠ 0
that the stable focus is asymptotically stable if Tr < 0 or N1 < 1 for all other parameters and the system may lose stability only if N1 > 1
Since the present work aims to give conditions for certain oscillation frequencies in the population
the subsequent part of the work considers stable foci only
In addition the inhibitory synaptic time scale τ2 = τ2(p) depends on the anesthetic concentration
b = N1N2 − N1 + N2 + 1 and c = (N2 + 1)2 depend solely on N1
and simplify the notation in the following analysis
The last equation implies that the determinant is positive definite
A comparison to Equation (15) reveals that d(τ2) = 0 leads to Ω = 0 which permits to compute the range of τ2 for which the system exhibits stable foci:
implying (b/a)2 > c/a. Condition (16) constrains the relation of both synaptic time scales τ2/τ1 by N1 and N2, see Figure 1 for the corresponding parameter space
Illustration of the parameter areas which exhibit stable
The upper and lower solid lines denote τ−2/τ1 and τ+2/τ1
The dotted line denotes the maximum frequency fmax = 2πωm with τ2/τ1 = b/c
and the stability threshold is given by τ2/τ1=c/a
The figure also shows how the values change when increasing p (arrows in panels)
and it turns out that the system always approaches the stability threshold
Conditions for Hopf-instabilities and the effect of propofol action
Panels (B,C) show parameters for Hopf-instabilities at 4 Hz dependent on N2 for which the corresponding values of N1 obey N1 < N1,min = 1.12 and (C) N1 ≥ 1.12
Panels (D,E) show parameters for Hopf-instabilities at 10 Hz for N1 < N1,min = 1.45 and N1 ≥ 1.45
In each panel (B–E) the top line reflects no oscillations
and the bottom line denotes the corresponding stability threshold
Hence the shaded areas include parameters for which the system exhibits stable oscillations
The black solid and dotted lines reflect the situation of no anesthetic action
The red-dashed line denotes the values of τ1/τ2 × p with p = 1.3
The arrows illustrate how the parameters change when anesthetic action is increased
Equations (10) show that the solutions of the system obey
and P(iω) = −ω2 − iωTr + det using the definitions of Tr and det in Equations (12) and (13)
P(iω) in Equations (17) and (18) is the characteristic polynom in Equation (11) for λ = iω
Now the application of the residue theorem allows to compute the integrals in Equation (17) by
and the roots λ1 = λ*2 = R + iΩ of the characteristic polynom P(λ) = 0 in Equation (11)
This solution is valid if and only if Res(λn) = R < 0
and hence x(t) itself oscillates with frequency Ω and is damped with the factor |R|
the solution x oscillates with the imaginary part of the root of the characteristic equation
and this frequency is already determined in the stability analysis
the power spectral density S(ω) of x is the Fourier transform of the auto-correlation function 〈x(t)x(t − T)〉:
where G˜11(ω) is the Fourier transform of the Greens function G11(t)
According to the reversed-engineering approach motivated in the previous section
this section aims to derive further conditions on model constants for certain oscillations close to instabilities
This vicinity to the stability threshold guarantees a small damping factor R and thus the power peak is located close to Ω
There is a maximum frequency ωm of the oscillation frequency with respect to τ2 given in Equation (15) and reached at
The last condition is identical to the stability condition (14)
stable systems always have a non-vanishing maximum frequency ωm > 0
then the frequency Ω may increase or decrease while increasing τ2 with
then the frequency Ω increases only while increasing τ2 with
Figure 1 shows the case b/c<c/a
There increasing τ2 by increasing p from small frequencies on the left border for constant τ1 increases the oscillation frequency until reaching the dotted line
Then a further increase of p decreases the frequency of the oscillations again
Although this reasoning assumes that N2(p) does not change with p
it gives a first insight into the dependence of the systems oscillation frequencies on p
Now considering the power spectral density (Equation 19)
for R4 + R2(2Ω2 − 3Z2) + Ω2(Ω2 + Z2) > 0 S(ω) has a global maximum at
We learn that a vanishing real part of the characteristic root |R| yields a global maximum of the power spectral density at the imaginary part of the characteristic root Ω
one could say that a strong peak in the experimental power spectral density reflects a characteristic root in the underlying linear system with a small real part
This way to interpret the spectral results allows to find analytical conditions for physiological parameters
If R4 + R2(2Ω2 −3Z2) + Ω2(Ω2 + Z2) < 0
then the system exhibits a global maximum at Ωpeak = 0
Since R and Ω depend on the anesthetic concentration
it is interesting to examine how Ωpeak depends on R and Ω:
Figure 3 illustrates these conditions and shows that Ωpeak is increased or decreased subjected to values of R and Ω. Importantly, we observe in Figure 3 that Ωpeak increases with R and Ω for large frequencies Ω
Illustration of the conditions (24) and (25)
The regions are marked as follows: (+): dΩpeak/dΩ > 0
dΩpeak/dR > 0; (∓): dΩpeak/dΩ < 0
dΩpeak/dR > 0; (−): dΩpeak/dΩ < 0
dΩpeak/dR < 0; (±): dΩpeak/dΩ > 0
It remains to examine how R2 and Ω2 depend on p to finally gain the full description how Ωpeak changes with p
we consider the specific assumption (Equation 9) on the anesthetic action yielding the specific dependence of Ω2 and R2 to p
with A = (1 − N1)/τ1 − N2(1)/τ2(1)
Defining p0 = (N2(1) + τ2(1)(N1 − 1)/τ1)−1 and re-calling p ≥ 1
then there is a small interval 1 ≤ p ≤ p0 for which dΩ2/dp ≤ 0
the frequency decreases with increasing p for clinically reasonable concentrations, i.e., 1 ≤ p ≤ 1.3 (Hutt and Longtin, 2009)
Figure 4 illustrates the parameter space where dΩ2/dp has different signs and we observe that the system may exhibit either increasing or decreasing frequencies while increasing p
Parameter space for different signs of dΩ2/dp
The red line denotes p0 = 1.3 and the parameter space of clinical doses (red) implies dΩ2/dp < 0 for clinically reasonable drug doses
An additional parameter is r = τ2(1)/τ1 = 1.11
To elucidate the systems behavior at the stability threshold
we set τ2(1)/τ1 = (N2(1) + 1)/(N1 − 1) according to Equation (14) and find p0 = 1/(2N2(1) + 1) < 1
oscillations close to the stability threshold always increase their frequencies with increasing p
for 1 < τ2(1)/τ1 « (N2(1) + 1)/(N1 − 1)
Finally, Figure 5 illustrates the temporal dynamics in two different frequency bands close to the corresponding Hopf-instabilities and shows the effect of increased propofol concentration. The power increases and the peak of maximum power moves to larger frequencies as predicted by the theory and as observed in experiments (Hindriks and van Putten, 2012)
Simulated time series of x(t) + V0e and the corresponding power spectrum of x(t)
τ2 = τ1 × p/0.10 generating a maximum power in the δ-band
τ2 = τ1 × p/0.10 generating a maximum in the α-band
the noise strength κ = 0.01 mV and V0e = −60 mV
The Equation (10) is simulated with a Euler–Maryuama method for 200 s
The introduced model considers first-order synaptic responses and take into account experimental findings on the propofol effect in synaptic GABAA-receptors in cortical neurons
It describes the evolution of neural populations on a mesoscopic level involving major properties of underlying neurons and synapses on the microscopic description level
The analytical treatment shows clearly that these two findings depend strongly on the physiological parameters
which are derived analytically in section 3.5
the phenomena depend on the brain area in which they are generated
the presented work suggests that this balance reflects one of the major underlying mechanisms during the sedation phase in GA
no analytical conditions are given due to the higher model complexity
The presented model does not need the thalamic feedback loop for the explanation
In principle, the present work extends the work of Bojak and Liley (2005) studying just numerically a rather complicated model with tens of unknown parameters
while the current model allows to achieve some insights into the effect of few parameters
the maximum of spectral power and the corresponding frequency are highly sensitive to modification of the relation between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic time scales
This confirms the general observation that many different anesthetics share effects on the activity spectrum
Of course the present model is limited since it cannot explain the increase of activity in the δ-band as observed in experiments and modeled by the previous studies
we observe clearly that this synchronous modeling of two rhythms is not possible since the model is too low-dimensional and just can describe a single rhythm such as the α- or the δ-rhythm
Consequently further neural elements should be considered to gain this additional rhythm such as the thalamic loop
This may be possible due to the linear superposition of oscillatory activity originating from different networks
This linear superposition proposes the interaction of different sub-networks each oscillating in a certain frequency band
Future work will consider such entangled neural networks on the basis of the presented neural field to explain the spontaneous emergence or diminution of spectral peaks in experimentally observed data such as the δ-rhythms or transient phenomena such as paradoxical excitation
The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
The author thanks Meysam Hashemi for fruitful discussions and acknowledges funding from the European Research Council for support under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement No
The author thanks the referees for valuable comments
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Pubmed Abstract | Pubmed Full Text | CrossRef Full Text
Tracking brain states under general anesthesia by using global coherence analysis
Pubmed Abstract | Pubmed Full Text | CrossRef Full Text
Modeling electrocortical activity through improved local approximations of integral neural field equations
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Neural networks as spatio-temporal pattern-forming systems
A mathematical theory of visual hallucination patterns
Pubmed Abstract | Pubmed Full Text
Pubmed Abstract | Pubmed Full Text | CrossRef Full Text
Molecular and cellular mechanisms of general anesthesia
Pubmed Abstract | Pubmed Full Text | CrossRef Full Text
Neuronal gamma-band synchronization as a fundamental process in cortical computation
Pubmed Abstract | Pubmed Full Text | CrossRef Full Text
Quantitative eeg changes associated with loss and return of conscious- ness in healthy adult volunteers anaesthetized with propofol or sevoflurane
Pubmed Abstract | Pubmed Full Text | CrossRef Full Text
Meanfield modeling of propofol-induced changes in spontaneous eeg rhythms
Pubmed Abstract | Pubmed Full Text | CrossRef Full Text
Spiral waves in disinhibited mammalian neocortex
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Additive noise may change the stability of nonlinear systems
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Sleep and Anesthesia: Neural Correlates in Theory and Experiment
Springer Series in Computational Neuroscience
The population firing rate in the presence of gabaergic tonic inhibition in single neurons and application to general anaesthesia
Effects of the anesthetic agent propofol on neural populations
Pubmed Abstract | Pubmed Full Text | CrossRef Full Text
Additive global noise delays turing bifurcations
Pubmed Abstract | Pubmed Full Text | CrossRef Full Text
Effects of halothane and propofol on excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in rat cortical neurons
Pubmed Abstract | Pubmed Full Text | CrossRef Full Text
Biphasic eeg changes in relation to loss of consciousness during induction with thiopental
Pubmed Abstract | Pubmed Full Text | CrossRef Full Text
Understanding the transition to seizure by modeling the epileptiform activity of general anaesthetic agents
Pubmed Abstract | Pubmed Full Text
Potential network mechanisms mediating electroencephalographic beta rhythm changes during propofol-induced paradoxical excitation
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Propofol anesthesia and sleep: a high-density eeg study
Pubmed Abstract | Pubmed Full Text
Electric Fields of the Brain: The Neurophysics of EEG
Extrasynaptic gabaa receptors are critical targets for sedative-hypnotic drugs
Pubmed Abstract | Pubmed Full Text
The role of feedback in shaping the extra-classical receptive field of cortical neurons: a recurrent network model
Pubmed Abstract | Pubmed Full Text | CrossRef Full Text
Layer-specific entrainment of gamma-band neural activity by the alpha rhythm in monkey visual cortex
Pubmed Abstract | Pubmed Full Text | CrossRef Full Text
Modelling general anaesthesia as a first-order phase transition in the cortex
Pubmed Abstract | Pubmed Full Text | CrossRef Full Text
Toward a theory of the general-anesthetic-induced phase transition of the cerebral cortex: I
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Gap junctions modulate seizures in a mean-field model of general anesthesia for the cortex
Theoretical electroencephalogram stationary spectrum for a white-noise-driven cortex: evidence for a general anesthetic-induced phase transition
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Excitatory and inhibitory interactions in localized populations of model neurons
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Propofol suppresses synaptic responsiveness of somatosensory relay neurons to excitatory input by potentiating gabaa receptor chloride channels
Pubmed Abstract | Pubmed Full Text | CrossRef Full Text
Citation: Hutt A (2013) The anesthetic propofol shifts the frequency of maximum spectral power in EEG during general anesthesia: analytical insights from a linear model
Received: 12 December 2012; Accepted: 19 January 2013; Published online: 05 February 2013
Copyright © 2013 Hutt. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
distribution and reproduction in other forums
provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc
*Correspondence: Axel Hutt, INRIA CR Nancy - Grand Est, Team CORTEX, 615 rue du Jardin Botanique, 54602 Villers-les-Nancy, France. e-mail:YXhlbC5odXR0QGlucmlhLmZy
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations
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The second event of our 2023 Performance Competition Calendar at Graves Tennis and Leisure Centre concluded over the weekend with four Brits in finals action at the M25 ITF World Tennis Tour event
are about providing British players with the chance to develop on home soil through more meaningful playing opportunities
giving all players the widest possible number of competitive matches on the ITF World Tennis Tour
The men’s singles draw saw an all-British final between Charles Broom and qualifier Daniel Little. In the semi-finals Broom defeated top seed Alastair Gray in an impressive three setter that ended 7(6)-6
marking his first ITF World Tour singles title
Little said: “It’s been a crazy week for me
coming from qualies I’ve been here all week and been feeling pretty good
I’ve played a lot of matches and I was able to keep it rolling
the last couple of days the way I’ve been playing and getting through some tight matches
25-year-old Little won seven singles matches in Sheffield and beat Broom for the first time in four career meetings
Little’s best run was to the quarter-finals of four ITF M25 tournaments
one being at the 2022 M25 Bath where he lost out to Broom in straight sets
British pairing Scott Duncan and Marcus Willis featured in the men’s doubles final taking on Corentin Denolly and Simon Freund
The fourth seeds emerged victorious over the French
M25 Sarreguemines and M15 victory in Villers-les-Nancy
the tournament has been organised very well
It’s our fourth title together from six tournaments
Hopefully we can get up to some ATP Challengers soon and see where our game goes,” said Willis
“It’s a lovely centre and improved a lot
The courts are phenomenal,” Duncan added
LTA Tournament Director Juan Escobar reflected on a successful event: “It's been an amazing week in Sheffield
and great to see so many Brits compete at such a high level across the singles and doubles draw
I would like to thank the Tournament team and the Officials who all worked extremely hard to deliver an excellent event
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Bour Félix (Racing Multi Athlon) 28'52''2
Mekhissi Mahedine (Running Multi Athlon) 29'18''4
Simon Clément (Tos Athlétisme) 30'49''12
Fontanarosa Pierre (Univ Lorraine - Médecine Nancy) 30'57''15
Tsang-Chun-Sze Laurent (Asl Robertsau) 31'01''17
Barak Ali-Moussa (Bassin Mussipontain Athletic Club) 31'04''18
Aboubakar Sumaa (Athle Vosges Paye D’Épinal) 31'24''21
Labied Mehdi (Athlétisme Metz Métropole) 31'31''22
Bellahcene Kader (Asl Roberstau) 31'58''24
Tongio Emmanuel (S/L Esr Colmar Ac) 32'50''33
Mogin Dorian (Us Toul Athlétisme) 32'51''34
Magnien Christophe (Phar Longwy) 33'11''39
Abisse Tristan (Athlétisme Metz Métropole) 33'30''43
James Emilien (Les Foulées Étudiantes) 33'34''45
Barraud Baptiste (Univ Lorraine - Médecine Nancy) 33'45''48
Lambert Quentin (Univ Lorraine - Staps Nancy) 33'47''49
Bouchafra Ismaël (Eatgl (Entente Athlétisme Triathlon Du Grand Longwy)) 34'11''58
Colin Anthony (Pont A Mousson Athletisme) 34'12''59
Rauch Sandro (Nancy Athlétisme Métropole) 34'39''72
Schoen Maxime (Athlétisme Metz Métropole) 34'45''73
Courtois Antonin (Olympique Club Thiervillois) 34'46''74
Morineau Nicolas (Athletisme Sarrebourg Moselle Sud) 34'57''83
Courtois Lionel (Olympique Club Thiervillois) 35'04''87
Bremenson Gabin (Univ Lorraine - Ensaia Nancy) 35'08''89
Criquillion Timothée (Tg Tri 10) 35'09''90
Dhabit Clément (As Saint Remy Vittel) 35'20''95
Du Pontavice Hugues (Univ Lorraine - Enm Nancy) 35'23''97
Decrulle Brian (Dombasle Athletisme) 35'33''104
Sagnier Clément (Cos Villers Athlétisme) 35'35''107
Redercher Yohann (Triathlon Laneuveville) 35'40''109
Scher-Moissette Florence (Assa) 35'40''110
Boudon Paul-Eric (Univ Lorraine - Ensem Nancy) 35'46''114
Cachard Benoit (Univ Lorraine - Ensg Nancy) 35'47''115
Layachi Abdelhak (Jsa Athletisme) 35'49''117
Derr Thibaud (Athle Sports Sarreguemines Arrondissements) 35'56''123
Pierron Jessy (As Cheminots Metz) 36'05''127
Guilpain Arnaud (Pont A Mousson Athletisme) 36'06''129
Broyer Félix (Athletic Club Neocastrien) 36'08''132
Peltier David (Pont A Mousson Athletisme) 36'09''133
Thauvin Bastien (Les Foulées Étudiantes) 36'13''135
Merabet Abdeslem (Runup Nanterre) 36'21''141
Ustaritz Anthony (Pont A Mousson Athletisme) 36'25''142
Poilfoulot Victor (Cos Villers) 36'39''146
Alami Badaoui Driss (Us Toul Athletisme) 36'42''148
Aurélien Lafat (Ga Commercy) 36'46''150
Capuano Hugo (Dombasle Athletisme) 36'47''151
Pintus Noam (Stade Laurentin Athletisme) 36'51''154
Patsopoulos Alexandre (Team Police Fspn) 37'06''164
Rocha Philippe (Metz Triathlon) 37'09''167
Guerard Clément (Ski Club Vagney Rochesson) 37'10''168
Domergue Julien (Triathlon Team Toul) 37'10''169
Chaudron Sophian (Univ Lorraine - Staps Nancy) 37'11''170
Girard Aurélien (Pont A Mousson Athletisme) 37'12''173
Faucheur René (Athletic Vosges Entente Clubs) 37'14''174
Sonrel Louis (Dombasle Athletisme) 37'19''177
Faivre Sébastien (Co Haute Moselotte) 37'26''184
Bastien Frédéric (Us Toul Athletisme) 37'28''187
Claude Sebastien (E Sportive Thionville-Yutz) 37'28''188
Mallet Raphaël (Esty - Entente Sportive Thionville Yutz) 37'32''189
El Hannache Driss (Cos Villers) 37'32''190
Leulier Arnaud (Amicale Du Val De Somme) 37'37''193
Besnas Greco Rafael (As Cheminots Metz) 37'37''194
Decrocq Anthony (S/L Us Dunkerque) 37'40''197
Thiebaud Frédéric (Triathlon Laneuveville) 37'40''198
Baldy Christophe (Triathlon Laneuveville) 37'42''202
Clement Emeric (Vittel Triathlon) 37'45''204
Kutscheck Régis (As Cheminots) 37'47''206
Matusiak Christophe (Run Tc Marly) 37'53''213
Tischler Maxime (A2m Metz Métropole) 37'53''215
Barrault Maxime (Athletisme Strasbourg Europe) 38'03''218
Vasseur Stephane (Judo Club Sarrebourg) 38'05''220
Lelarge Julien (Redboul Entertainment And Fighting Spirit) 38'10''225
Lavecchia José (Team Haraucourt) 38'19''236
Delean Simon (Dombasle Athletisme) 38'24''240
Desilles Sébastien (Cos Villers) 38'24''241
Orsat Frédéric (Esty) 38'27''243
Métayer Mickael (Triathlon Laneuveville) 38'28''245
Loppé Kévin (Ofp) 38'30''249
Laurent Maxime (Triathlon Laneuveville) 38'35''251
Baldy Lucas (Triathlon Laneuveville) 38'38''252
Napoli Clément (Club Athletisme De Puteaux 92) 38'46''258
Philippot Bruno (Team Police Fspn) 38'50''262
Lacour Romain (Team Police Fspn) 38'50''263
Nazon Maxime (Mathis Nazon Immobilier) 38'51''265
Douillet Robin (Les Foulées Étudiantes) 38'52''267
Philippot Hugues (Team Xtft Caracole) 38'53''268
Royer Lucas (Les Foulées Etudiantes) 38'54''269
François Mathieu (As Cheminot Metz) 38'55''270
Garnon Pierre-Louis (Cs Clichy Athlétisme) 38'56''274
Desainriquer Christophe (Cos Villers) 38'57''275
Didelot Antoine (Triathlon Laneuveville) 39'14''288
Morel Antoine (As Cheminot Metz) 39'16''291
Salmon David (Triathlon Nancy Lorraine) 39'17''292
Rulquin Olivier (Cac Champigneulle) 39'21''295
Turcata Olivier (Athlétisme Metz Métropole) 39'26''297
Rinck Epiphanie (Les Foulées Étudiantes) 39'35''307
Hotier Lucas (Sciences Politiques Nancy) 39'36''309
Mahou Franck (Pont A Mousson Athletisme) 39'36''310
Lienhardt Eric (Team Police Fspn) 39'45''312
Ripplinger Laura (Athlétisme Metz Métropole) 39'47''315
Dartiguemalle Benoit (Basel Running Club) 39'51''319
Streit Julie (Ca Champigneulles) 39'52''321
Pavillot Mathieu (Triathlon Toul Team) 39'52''322
Sigler Mathieu (Triathlon Laneuveville) 40'00''332
Grandjean Nicolas (Les Déglingos) 40'00''334
Stab Albert (Athle Sports Sarreguemines Arrondissement) 40'09''340
Bartoli Clement (Univ Lorraine - Ensem Nancy) 40'12''345
Laurent Stéphane (Triathlon Club Deodatien) 40'13''346
Saugneaut Adrien (Univ Lorraine - Ensem Nancy) 40'14''347
Noiré Rémy (Athletisme Metz Métropole) 40'14''349
Perdaems Theo (Univ Lorraine - Ensem Nancy) 40'16''351
Faleyeux Benzema Jules (Les Footings Du Vél) 40'21''354
Mockels Matthieu (Nancy Trail Pulsations) 40'24''359
Chenet Arthur (Architecture Nancy) 40'27''362
Fattet Manuel (Athletic Club Neocastrien) 40'27''364
Adolphe Sébastien (Neuves Maisons Triathlon) 40'30''365
Rollot Jérémy (Athlé Vosges Pays De Remiremont) 40'32''366
Keinerknecht Antony (Cos Villers) 40'35''367
Lorrain Frédéric (Limey) 40'40''374
Domine Pascal (Team Police Fspn) 40'43''376
Roussel Sébastien (Triathlon Laneuveville) 40'44''378
Locatelli Bertrand (Dombasle Athletisme) 40'45''380
Tissier José (Cos Villers) 40'57''398
Martins Rémi (Osm Lomme) 40'58''399
Neugnot Benjamin (Athlé Vosges Pays De Mirecourt) 41'02''406
Pasquet Marc (Harmonie Mutuelle) 41'13''412
Perny Gérald (Triathlon) 41'18''416
Potoski Josef (Nancy Trail Pulsations) 41'24''425
Thomas Michaël (Run Tc Marly) 41'26''427
Vazquez Paul (Pont A Mousson Athlétisme) 41'37''432
Maurice Lionel (Us Toul Athletisme) 41'39''433
Noel Maxime (Triathlon Nancy Lorraine) 41'44''437
Dron Elisa (Dombasle Athletisme) 41'48''444
Benedic Julien (Joyeux Joggers) 41'50''448
Thomas Eric (Les Foulées De Tom) 41'52''451
Plançon Ugo (Triathlon Laneuveville) 41'54''452
Barette Joël (Cos Villers) 42'00''460
Rederstorff Jérémy 42'04''464
Ringuenet Léopold (Sciences Po) 42'05''466
Chassarant Ludovic (Les Joyeux Joggers) 42'07''468
Le Fouler Axel (Univ Lorraine - Enm Nancy) 42'09''471
Abel Clara (Univ Lorraine - Staps Nancy) 42'09''473
Robert Christophe (Cac Champigneulles) 42'13''479
Ducret Jean Michel (Lac Leclerc) 42'16''484
Almin Warren (Athletic Vosges Entente Clubs) 42'20''487
Marfai Lucie (Triathlon Laneuveville) 42'20''488
Deronzier Lucie (Athlétic Club De Marny) 42'38''502
Ba Dimitri (Ville De Tomblaine) 42'41''503
Malguid Jérémie (Us Toul Athlétisme) 42'45''508
Thebault Louis (Univ Lorraine - Enm Nancy) 42'49''513
Ghestem Julien (Univ Lorraine - Ensaia Nancy) 42'57''516
Vacchaidre Jérôme (Laxou) 43'07''526
Michel Cyril (Us Toul Athletisme) 43'14''536
Blasquez Alain (Ac Amnéville) 43'19''544
Ignatio Michaël (Triathlon Laneuveville) 43'19''545
Marqués Gaëlle (Eatgl) 43'19''546
Bazin Patrice (Team Police Fspn) 43'27''556
Goumard Jean-Luc (Pagny Footing) 43'28''557
Fluck Thomas (Omnisport Frouard-Pompey) 43'28''559
Krazer Valentin (Univ Lorraine - Staps Nancy) 43'29''563
Stephan Priscillia (Tomblaine Sports Loisirs) 43'31''566
Jonvel Dimitri (C2i Santé) 43'32''567
André Victor (Olympique De Merten) 43'34''570
Stephan Fabrice (Tomblaine Sports Loisirs) 43'46''587
Gillet Roxane (Triathlon Epinal Club) 43'53''594
Schmit Nathan (Run Run Pont A Mousson) 43'58''601
Roy Loïc (Association Ludreenne Trail Et Running) 43'59''605
Koester-Francois Dijan (Arts Et Métiers Metz) 44'03''613
Trelat Vincent (Univ Lorraine - Enm Nancy) 44'05''616
Laugustin Jean-Luc (Athletisme Metz Metropole) 44'11''625
Valle Alexia (Univ Lorraine - Médecine Nancy) 44'13''627
Gicquel Loïc (S/L Pont A Mousson Athletisme) 44'14''629
Vautrin Loïc (Triathlon Laneuveville) 44'25''649
Thevenot Fabien (Triathlon Laneuveville) 44'25''650
Longueville Alexandre (Triathlon Laneuveville) 44'29''658
Perrin Oscar (Univ Lorraine - Ensgsi Nancy) 44'35''668
Faivre Theo (Univ Lorraine - Staps Nancy) 44'37''673
Parisot Bonnie (Groupe Athlétique Mirecurtien) 44'41''681
Brunaut Stéphane (Courir A Nancy St Max) 44'45''686
Thomas Isabelle (Us Toul Athlétisme) 44'47''689
Valdenaire Cyrille (Nancy Vol Libre) 44'48''693
Wusarczuk Laurent (Tennis Club Luneville) 44'50''695
Thomas Emma (Univ Lorraine - Ensaia Nancy) 44'50''696
Andriolo Elian (Val St-Pierre Athletisme) 44'52''700
Vogel Jordane (As Cheminots Metz) 44'54''703
Martin Auriane (Univ Lorraine - Ensaia Nancy) 45'01''713
Richard Sébastien (Ca Champigneulles) 45'04''718
Garrant Benjamin (Triathlon Laneuveville) 45'05''720
Tresselt Jerome (Triathlon Laneuveville Devant Nancy) 45'06''721
Mauer Victorine (Arts Et Métiers Metz) 45'08''724
Petitdemange Nathan (Métropole Nancy) 45'08''725
Bouanani Emma (Ac Amnéville) 45'08''726
Le Ngoc-Duy-Vu (Run Run Pont-À-Mousson) 45'12''730
Randeynes Juliette (Neuves Maisons Triathlon 54) 45'15''735
Saintot Maxime (Nancy Trail Pulsation) 45'16''738
André Pierre-Etienne (Pompier Toul) 45'18''743
Seywert-Mai Jean-François (Cos Villers) 45'18''744
Demeraux Jérôme (Us Forbach) 45'25''754
Goetz Jean-Sebastien (A.L.T.E.R) 45'27''757
Chardigny Paulin (Triathlon Laneuveville) 45'30''761
Ryder James (Inrae-Agroparistech Nancy) 45'34''763
Foglia Bruno (Verdun Meuse Triathlon) 45'42''776
Fleurette Jean-François (Es Thaon Triathlon) 45'46''784
Marchal Alain (Association Coureurs Gondreville Et Villey Saint Etienne) 45'47''786
Locatelli Melanie (Dombasle Athletisme) 45'50''789
Gillet Emélie (Vcch Triathlon) 45'52''796
Schmuck Romain (Univ Lorraine - Ensgsi Nancy) 45'53''798
Abdelkoddous Assim (Univ Lorraine - Ensem Nancy) 45'54''800
Didier Emmanuel (Triathlon Laneuveville) 45'55''802
Kalkandelen Théo (Aubade) 46'03''805
Brumbt Elodie (Les Ducs De Lunéville) 46'06''811
Dubois Coline (S/L Lorient Athletisme Club) 46'07''812
Bertrand Hervé (Pagny Footing) 46'08''814
Laurent Erwan (Sciences Politiques Nancy) 46'09''816
Signe Francois (Sapeurs Pompiers Nancy) 46'10''817
Caillon Hugo (Univ Lorraine - Ensaia Nancy) 46'13''821
Balay Anastasia (S/L Nancy Athletisme Club) 46'14''826
Bigeard David (S'marrathon Fumana) 46'26''843
Miclot Loic (Triathlon Nancy Lorraine) 46'30''848
Poque Géraldine (Us Toul Athletisme) 46'31''849
Foliguet Elodie (Courir À Nancy Saint Max) 46'33''852
Grosjean Cédric (Aubade) 46'36''858
Mathieu Raphael (Triathlon Laneuveville) 46'48''877
Pierron Christian (As Cheminots Metz) 46'48''879
Allouchi Driss (Aubade Jca Toul) 47'00''895
Mangin Stephane (Courir A Nancy Saint Max) 47'03''903
Sonntag Audrey (Triathlon Laneuveville) 47'10''912
Catinat Gaël (Ofp Athlétisme) 47'16''922
Gaugue Frédéric (Les Déglingos) 47'18''924
Laporte Sarah (Velo Triathlon Club Avenir De Falck) 47'22''932
Clément Sébastien (Dalkia) 47'27''939
Sidi-Ali Myriam (Jac St Nicolas) 47'32''947
Zurowski Christophe (Tri Toul Team) 47'32''950
Gand Guillaume (S/L Club Athletique Vrignois) 47'43''968
Clemente Coriande (Univ Lorraine - Enm Nancy) 47'47''972
Gayot Laurent (Triathlon Laneuveville) 47'47''973
Denizot Jeanjacques (Courir À Nancy Saint Max) 47'51''985
Bechamp Christophe (Cos Villers) 47'55''995
Dasse Nicolas (Triathlon Laneuveville) 47'58''
Retrouvez les photos de la course
Bichebois Lilou (Dombasle Athletisme) 48'00''1001
Petitot Louane (Dombasle Athletisme) 48'00''1004
Magisson Yannick (Nancy Trail Pulsations) 48'00''1006
Petremont Marc (Fspn Ligue Est) 48'01''1008
Michaux Sandrine (Asms Sarrebourg) 48'02''1010
Cornelis Emma (Sport Nautique Nancy) 48'05''1016
Clause Justine (Athletic Club Neocastrien) 48'07''1021
Sauvageot Fabrice (Acn Neufchateau) 48'07''1022
Deronzier Gaelle (Sam Paris 12) 48'09''1025
Brochot Jean-Luc (Ça Malling) 48'09''1026
Jacquot Sébastien (Les Jakis) 48'09''1027
Cassard Florence (Mgn Triathlon) 48'15''1036
Oudin Paradis Nathalie (Us Toul Athletisme) 48'20''1043
Chareil Stéphanie (Club Athletisme De Puteaux 92) 48'21''1044
Maringer Damien (Graoully Athletic Club) 48'24''1052
Orset Rafael (Univ Lorraine - Ensem Nancy) 48'25''1053
Pernet Benoît (Can Sarreguemines) 48'29''1057
Grajales Frédéric (Triathlon Nancy Lorraine) 48'31''1059
Jacquot Marion (Dombasle Athletisme) 48'31''1060
Mayer Jean-Marc (Triathlon Laneuveville) 48'33''1062
Quariglio David (Triathlon De Laneuveville Dvt Nancy) 48'33''1065
Decrion Bénédicte (Harmonie Mutuelle) 48'36''1070
Oger Patrice (C.A.N - Saint-Max) 48'39''1072
Bieber Alexandre (Omnisport Frouard-Pompey) 48'39''1073
Grenen Johan (Cac Champigneulles) 48'43''1077
Cattoux Delphine (Amicale Du Val De Somme) 48'45''1079
Hypolite Jean-Claude (Jarny Triathlon) 48'54''1090
Garitte Ludovic (Mandraytrail) 49'03''1110
Petitdemange Ewan (Vélo Sprint Anould) 49'05''1111
Maquart Jean-Luc (Tsl Tomblaine) 49'07''1113
Baudelot Jennifer (Lac Leclerc) 49'13''1123
Keck Elodie (Florange Olympic Club Athlétisme) 49'13''1124
Hamant Basile (Univ Lorraine - Polytech Nancy) 49'13''1125
Rouby Eddy (Dombasle Athletisme) 49'14''1126
Layachi Julie (Jsa Athletisme) 49'14''1127
Richert Christophe (Co Blenod) 49'28''1149
Ceintrey Jérémie 49'32''1155
Maréchal Yannick (Run Run Pont A Mousson) 49'33''1156
Bazille Freymann Géraldine 49'36''1165
Evrard Charles (Univ Lorraine - Ensaia Nancy) 49'40''1174
Allouchi Malika (Aubade Jca Toul) 49'41''1175
Kholler Laetitia (Athle Vosges Pays De Mirecourt) 49'43''1176
Follereau Nathalie (Cac Champigneulles) 49'47''1179
Chemello Lorenzo (Florange Olympic Club Athlétisme) 49'47''1182
Foret Frédéric (As Bologne) 49'49''1185
Bounsir Mohamed (S/L Athle Vosges Pays De Charmes) 49'52''1196
Schwinn Christian (Athlétisme Metz Métropole A2m) 49'54''1198
Franiatte Jean-Luc (Triathlon Epinal Club) 49'55''1199
Petiteville Christian (Footing Form Heillecourt) 49'56''1205
Marter Corentin (Architecture Nancy) 50'05''1226
Segalla Blandine (Le Groupeto De Jo) 50'06''1227
Mandet Yaël (Tutorat De La Carabie Nancéienne) 50'12''1234
Emond Sidonie (Ca Bar/Aube -Bayel) 50'13''1235
Rébois Marie-Hélène (Ofp) 50'13''1236
Coste De Bagneaux Martin (Univ Lorraine - Ensaia Nancy) 50'20''1245
Faille Héloïse (Sam Paris 12) 50'22''1249
Meingus Alexandre (Pomona Episaveurs) 50'24''1258
Bonnefille Anais (Association Ludreenne Trail Et Running) 50'25''1261
Saintot Jonathan (Pomona Episaveurs) 50'28''1263
Rouby Virginie (Dombasle Athletisme) 50'30''1268
Delaplace Christian (As Gremillon) 50'33''1272
Rozalski Catherine (Jac St Nicolas) 50'34''1278
Billard Alexandre (Univ Lorraine - Ensem Nancy) 50'35''1279
Klein Hervé (Otis Lorraine) 50'41''1290
Bassin Nicolas (Otis Lorraine) 50'42''1291
Bernard Yohann (Cos Villers Athlétisme) 50'47''1297
Richard Gilles (Avec Mirecourt) 50'48''1304
Menicucci Kevin (Pomona Episaveurs) 50'51''1308
Garcia Juan-Ramon (As Gremillon) 50'51''1309
Huet Camille (Footing Form Heillecourt) 50'51''1311
Jaworski Frédéric 50'53''1314
Pigné-Petit Pascaline (Can St-Max) 50'56''1321
Jambois Véronique (Lac Leclerc) 50'56''1322
Fronzaroli Alice (Triathlon Laneuveville) 51'01''1328
Baudean Philippe (Pagny Footing) 51'01''1329
Chenot Tony (Municipalité De Royaumeix) 51'03''1333
Martin Julien (Ca De Champigneulles) 51'05''1335
Samson Jean-Yves (Cos Villers) 51'06''1338
Lagabe Bernard (C2i Santé) 51'07''1343
Negrao Marcelo (Neuves-Maisons) 51'11''1348
Huet Arnaud (Footing Form Heillecourt) 51'14''1355
André Eric (Olympique De Merten) 51'17''1358
Briard Stéphanie (Cos Villers) 51'19''1360
Perrier Frédéric (Harmonie Mutuelle) 51'19''1361
Bernez Pierre-Marie (Metropole) 51'20''1364
Halbitte Guillaume (Ca De Champigneulles) 51'21''1366
Cevalte Didier (Coureurs Des Remparts Chatel Nomexy) 51'21''1367
Didier Agnès (Triathlon Laneuveville) 51'22''1370
Hamant Prisca (Triathlon Laneuveville) 51'25''1375
Francois Anne-Cecile (Ski Club Amneville) 51'26''1378
Andre Julien (C2i Santé) 51'28''1379
Correa Juan Pablo (C2i Santé) 51'29''1380
Charles Ségolène 51'39''1397
Lugardon Valentin (Univ Lorraine - Ensem Nancy) 51'40''1400
Huber Laurine (Vandoeuvre Athlétisme) 51'43''1408
Pierron Justine (Justine Pierron Coach Sportif) 51'44''1410
Toussaint Gregory (Ga Commercy) 51'47''1414
Nurenberg David (S/L Groupe Athletic Commercien) 51'49''1420
Ganaye Amandine (Athlétisme Metz Métropole) 52'02''1437
Cafora Lucien (Val St-Pierre Athletisme) 52'03''1440
Petit Pierre (Assr Vittel Athlétisme) 52'09''1449
Leroy Sarah (Us Toul Athlétisme) 52'09''1451
Munier Clemence (Triathlon Epinal Club) 52'10''1452
Magisson Lionel (Groupe Athletic Commercien) 52'10''1453
Boscus Titouan (Univ Lorraine - Ensaia Nancy) 52'14''1466
Clavier Fanny (Running Club Nancy) 52'15''1468
Merabet Patricia (Pagny Footing) 52'16''1472
Beck Rémi (Triathlon Nancy Lorraine) 52'18''1476
Thiériot Jean-Pierre (Ga Commercy) 52'20''1479
Clement Louna (Univ Lorraine - Ensaia Nancy) 52'21''1480
Deon Sébastien (Can Saint Max) 52'23''1483
Espeitte Patrick (Footing Form Heillecourt) 52'25''1486
Askeur Mohamed (Aubade Jca Toul) 52'26''1488
Carpanin Manon (Us Toul Athlétisme) 52'28''1496
Lavaud Romain (Univ Lorraine - Polytech Nancy) 52'34''1507
Cherel Lisenn (Univ Lorraine - Staps Nancy) 52'34''1508
Pelletier Céline (Acgv) 52'38''1512
Caromel Emma (Triathlon Laneuveville) 52'42''1517
Bruno Ventura (Nutrirun Nancy) 52'47''1521
Rouby Eva (Dombasle Athletisme) 52'49''1525
Tahar Aissa Rabah (Aubade Jca Toul) 52'53''1533
Frolova Olga (Les Foulées Étudiantes) 52'55''1540
Carpentier Karine (Ca Champigneulles) 53'01''1552
Bourgeois Camille (Univ Lorraine - Staps Nancy) 53'05''1556
Demmerle Christian (Pomona Episaveurs) 53'07''1560
Rolin Catherine (Triathlon Laneuveville) 53'08''1563
Ruse Alain (Sport U Nancy-Metz) 53'09''1564
Schneider Philippe (Courir A Saint Max) 53'19''1586
Blanquart Emmanuelle (Cos Villers) 53'20''1592
Guillemin Jérémy 53'27''1599
Pierson Aurélie (Aubade) 53'29''1602
Demangel Joffrey (Dombasle Athletisme) 53'39''1612
Baumann Joel (S/L Groupe Athletic Commercien) 53'40''1613
Chenard Brigitte (Groupe Athletic Commercien) 53'40''1614
Varinot Elena (Triathlon Laneuveville) 53'47''1622
Lepape Philippe (Saintois Triathlon) 53'47''1623
Garcia Sandrine (Dombasle Athletisme) 53'48''1627
Abdelmajid Hicham (Aubade Jca Toul) 53'51''1631
Reiffers Virginie (C2i Santé) 53'52''1634
Petiteville Sophie (Footing Form Heillecourt) 53'53''1636
Le Jouiff Marie (Acbb Triathlon) 53'55''1640
Laurent Valentine (Triathlon Club Deodatien) 54'03''1656
Dujardin Benoît (Dalkia) 54'04''1658
Fontaine Jérémie 54'11''1669
Manesse Louise (As Hutin / Verdun Meuse Triathlon) 54'14''1677
Millard Christophe (Sport U Nancy-Metz) 54'28''1695
Benich Charlotte (Univ Lorraine - Ensaia Nancy) 54'33''1700
Fiorani Mélinda (Champigneulles Athlétisme) 54'35''1704
Borghesi Stéphane (Team-Borghèse) 54'39''1712
Garcia Marie (Dombasle Athletisme) 54'42''1720
Roussel Hélène (Yzico) 54'50''1739
Nepote-Cit Sylviane (Cos Villers) 54'50''1740
Mantey Gilles (Team Police Fspn) 54'50''1741
Lecomte Joséphine (Harmonie Mutuelle) 54'50''1742
Joly Thomas (Univ Lorraine - Staps Nancy) 54'53''1745
Aubriot Blandine (Les Foulées Etudiantes) 54'53''1747
Marlier Dominique (S/L Athle Vosges Pays De Charmes) 55'02''1757
Emond Gauthier (Ca Bar/Aube -Bayel) 55'04''1759
Cisternino Tom (Triasud Sp 54) 55'13''1778
Cisternino Frederic (Triasud Sp 54) 55'14''1783
Scheins Patrick (Florange Olympic Club Athletisme) 55'15''1786
Espeitte Nadine (Footing Form Heillecourt) 55'17''1789
Cambas Sandra (Courir À Nancy St Max) 55'20''1795
Vasseur Gwenaelle (Team Police Fspn) 55'35''1804
Berger Jerome (Pomona Episaveurs) 55'45''1815
Wegrzyniak Jean-François 55'51''1821
Pierson Hugo (Cos Villers Athlé) 55'54''1825
Guillaume Olivier (Cos Villers) 55'55''1829
Beck Christian (Eshagondange Cap) 56'00''1838
Petitpoisson Adrien (Inp Nancy) 56'07''1855
Grandmaire Christine (As Gremillon) 56'09''1862
Ruse Patricia (Sport U Nancy-Metz) 56'14''1869
Brouhez Nathan (Univ Lorraine - Ensaia Nancy) 56'15''1870
Dreneri Pascal (Home Alliance) 56'17''1872
Roussanaly Jules (Projet Méduses) 56'19''1881
Bouche Sandrine (Dombasle Athletisme) 56'26''1892
Crevisy Alice (Footing Form Heillecourt) 56'37''1911
Boly Vincent (Triathlon Nancy Lorraine) 56'38''1914
Balabonski Serge (Footing Form Heillecourt) 56'38''1916
Blaison Bruno (Footing Form Heillecourt) 56'39''1918
Gutierrez Marie-Christine (Cos Villers) 56'44''1927
Wusarczuk Romain (Tennis Club Luneville) 56'46''1931
Bousselin Olivier (Ga Commercy) 56'48''1937
Vidal Solene (Univ Lorraine - Ensaia Nancy) 56'50''1949
Goetz Pascal (Dombasle Athletisme) 56'54''1956
Ancillon Martial (Triathlon Laneuveville) 57'09''1979
Grandidier Sandrine (Avec Mirecourt) 57'14''1985
Bauzin Jean-Gabriel (Us Creteil Tri) 57'15''1987
Vermoyal-Grandjacquot Marie-Pierre 57'16''1988
Debano Clemence (Triathlon Nancy Lorraine) 57'16''1990
Granata Fabien (Triathlon Laneuveville) 57'20''1996
Grairi Mélanie (Esty Athletisme) 57'44''2033
Julien Antoine (Triathlon Laneuveville) 57'56''2053
Bataille Catherine (Harmonie Mutuelle) 57'57''2057
Pilois Laurent (Pomona Episaveurs) 58'34''2120
Barottin Noémie (Us Toul Athletisme) 58'34''2121
Lee-Yung-Ping Odette (Footing Form Heillecourt) 58'34''2122
Jacquot Pascal (Dombasle Athletisme) 58'48''2136
Guillaume Claire (Cos Villers) 59'12''2166
Balabonski Anne (Footing Form Heillecourt) 59'14''2168
Chipot Mathieu (Cos Villers Les Nancy) 59'15''2172
Didierlaurent Gerard (Footing Form Heillecourt) 59'20''2178
Desloges Françis (Acob) 59'24''2181
Urbanelli Rodrigue (Trail In Woippy) 59'24''2182
Bellut Francois (Footing Form Heillecourt) 59'25''2186
Thellier Elie (Univ Lorraine - Enm Nancy) 59'27''2187
Maimbourg Frédérique (Cos Villers) 59'28''2190
Thomas Astrid (Running Fun Club) 59'34''2201
Rabot Claire (Courir A Nancy Saint Max) 59'38''2209
Pastre Aude (Univ Lorraine - Ensaia Nancy) 59'41''2210
Martin Justine (Univ Lorraine - Ensaia Nancy) 59'41''2212
Verneyre Bartiromo Benoit (Nam) 59'48''2220
Mangel Gerard (Florange Olympic Club Athlétisme) 59'52''2222
Siri Géraldine (Ga Commercy) 59'53''2225
Dhulster Jennifer (Js Audun-Le-Tiche) 59'57''2227
Poinsignon Marie (Univ Lorraine - Enm Nancy) 59'59''2229
Voinier Alice (Athlé Form 42) 1h00'01''2232
Pochon Jean (Asptt Évreux Running) 1h00'04''2240
Roussel Viviane (Footing Form Heillecourt) 1h00'06''2244
Chevry Frédérique 1h00'08''2247
Pinzano Lucie (S/L Ahtle Vosges Valle Des Lacs Et De La Cleurie) 1h00'09''2253
Finet Chantal (Pagny Footing) 1h00'10''2256
Cousseau Chloe (Univ Lorraine - Ensaia Nancy) 1h00'12''2261
Lefrancois Judith (Univ Lorraine - Ensaia Nancy) 1h00'12''2262
Raflin Lola (Univ Lorraine - Ensaia Nancy) 1h00'12''2263
Guidon Lavallée Astrid 1h00'19''2280
Szajnerman Gérard (Cos Villers) 1h00'28''2298
Grabe Laurent (Courir A Nancy Saint Max) 1h00'28''2301
Choplin Joannic (Can St-Max) 1h00'29''2304
Ménétré Marie 1h00'30''2306
Ménétré Thibaut 1h00'30''2307
Humbert Raoul (Running Fun Club) 1h00'31''2309
Kientz Bernard (As Gremillon) 1h00'34''2315
Courtois Romain (Harmonie Mutuelle) 1h00'42''2325
Bernard Pierre (Athle Vosges Pays De Remiremont) 1h00'42''2326
Canto Sandrine (As Gremillon) 1h00'43''2328
Blanchard Antoine (Cos Villers Athlètisme) 1h00'59''2340
Pesme Matthieu (Cos Villers) 1h01'01''2344
Lavoux Séverine (Ga Commercy) 1h01'13''2357
Fattet Jarysta Anne-Charlotte 1h01'19''2371
Benoit Didier (Aco Blénod) 1h01'23''2376
Yanalak Fehmi (Aubade Jca Toul) 1h01'24''2379
Charton Sylvie (Cos Villers) 1h01'28''2387
Lassagne Gilles (Run In Metz) 1h01'29''2388
Georg Francis (As Gremillon) 1h01'39''2396
Laithier Pierre (As Gremillon) 1h01'39''2397
Provot Séverine (Pomona Episaveurs) 1h01'40''2401
Creusot Riviere Valérie 1h01'51''2421
Putot Magali (Harmonie Mutuelle) 1h01'53''2425
Demange Yvan (Triathlon Epinal Club) 1h01'54''2427
Boulenger Manon (Univ Lorraine - Polytech Nancy) 1h01'58''2438
Mangin Yannick (Harmonie Mutuelle) 1h01'58''2439
Dodet Léa (Pomona Episaveurs) 1h02'06''2448
Alvarez Dolores (Cos Villers) 1h02'11''2455
Marchal Sébastien (Novacarb) 1h02'12''2458
Champlon Martine (Ga Commercy) 1h02'13''2464
Desmonceaux Élisabeth 1h02'14''2465
Réveillé Léa 1h02'27''2481
Coffigny Corine (Dombasle Athletisme) 1h02'32''2488
Jouffroy Aline (Asptt Verdun) 1h02'45''2511
Andrieux Jérôme (Run Team Nancy) 1h02'48''2514
Jouffroy Pierre (Asptt Verdun) 1h02'48''2515
Brançon Ophélie 1h02'56''2525
Caye Florence (Les P'tits Potos) 1h02'57''2530
Renié Yoan (Les P'tits Potos) 1h02'57''2531
Lamouri Mounia (Association Les P'tits Poto) 1h02'59''2536
Jacob Peggy (Les Ptits Potos) 1h02'59''2537
Meyer François (Shobukai Nancy) 1h03'00''2538
Pereira Pascal (Les P’Tits Potos) 1h03'00''2539
Cappellari Gérard (Les P’Tits Potos) 1h03'03''2544
Davin Jérôme (Les P’Tits Potos) 1h03'04''2547
Doguet Samuel (Rtt/Les P'tits Potos) 1h03'04''2549
Etique Nicolas (Cos Villers) 1h03'06''2554
Chavanel Matthieu (Rtt/Les P'tits Potos) 1h03'06''2556
Millard Marie-Anne (Sport U Nancy-Metz) 1h03'10''2560
Thiriet-Duez Mélanie (Ca Champigneulles) 1h03'21''2573
Jacquemot Frédéric 1h03'22''2574
Nicot Corinne (Coureurs Des Remparts Chatel Nomexy) 1h03'24''2577
Jimenez-Piquemal Alexandra (Univ Lorraine - Enm Nancy) 1h03'25''2578
Renard-Bae Isabelle (As Gremillon) 1h03'39''2593
Denommé Delphine (Triathlon Nancy Lorraine) 1h03'42''2594
Villaume Barbara (Athlévosgespaysd'epinal) 1h03'44''2598
Meddour Saïd (Athlévosgespaysd'epinal) 1h03'45''2599
Brandmeyer Laeticia (Dombasle Athletisme) 1h04'03''2619
Rebeschini France (Us Forbach) 1h04'23''2645
Duchene Delphine (Dsa Saint Vit) 1h04'30''2655
Faivre Bénédicte 1h04'31''2656
Thouillier Patricia (Aubade) 1h04'32''2657
Di-Blasio Karine (Pagny Footing) 1h04'33''2660
Remy Nadine (Pagny Footing.) 1h04'34''2661
De Metz Noblat Clemence (Aubade Jca Toul) 1h04'34''2662
Renard Sophie (Cos Villers Athlétisme) 1h04'41''2664
Bigerel Clément (Us Toul) 1h04'49''2672
Reichling Blandine (As Gremillon) 1h05'27''2701
Walter Mélanie (Pomona Episaveurs) 1h05'28''2705
Grandidier Juliette (Cos Villers) 1h05'31''2709
Nazon Gérard (Epinal) 1h06'00''2742
Dolata Juliette (Univ Lorraine - Staps Nancy) 1h06'06''2752
Dujardin Hélène (Dalkia) 1h06'14''2755
Mariotti Nadège (As Gremillon) 1h06'47''2780
Amaral Myriam (As Gremillon) 1h06'47''2781
Mauchauffée Jean-Michel 1h06'52''2786
Brèteau-Amores Sandrine (Equipe Inrae-Apt) 1h07'27''2806
Cartier Alain (Footing Form Heillecourt) 1h07'29''2809
Basile Jean-Louis (Cos Villers) 1h07'45''2822
Leveque Frédéric 1h07'51''2826
Vincenot Stéphane (Harmonie Mutuelle) 1h08'06''2833
Clerté Stéphane 1h08'13''2841
Théo Rif (Vitrimont Passion) 1h08'24''2844
Horn François (Cos Villers) 1h08'41''2853
Lelievre Charles (A C O Blenod) 1h09'18''2879
Statello Jean-Claude (Harmonie Mutuelle) 1h09'37''2888
Personeni Emma (054076 Nancy Athletisme Metropole) 1h10'23''2908
Schwenker Isabelle (Groupe Athéltic Commercien) 1h10'24''2909
Lucien Valerie (Rc Vandoeuvre) 1h10'25''2910
Rudeau Vanessa (Harmonie Mutuelle) 1h10'28''2915
Makinoto Remuma (Nancy Trail Pulsations) 1h12'10''2950
Tringali Chloé (Nancy Toul Pulsations) 1h12'10''2951
Guilliem Stéphane (Harmonie Mutuelle) 1h12'15''2953
Aceti Morgan (Harmonie Mutuelle) 1h12'15''2954
Belot Océane (Thaon Triathlon) 1h12'54''2962
Poinsignon Thibaut (Team Snood) 1h12'57''2963
Valgalier Nicolas (Team Police Fspn) 1h13'09''2967
Batisse Frédéric 1h13'54''2980
Etique Viviane (Neuves Maisons) 1h14'08''2986
Rohr Barrera Tiffany (A.L.T.E.R) 1h14'32''2992
Doennlen Chanfy Séléna 1h15'07''3004
Vimbouly Anne-Laure (Pomona Episaveurs) 1h15'21''3007
Olivier Noémie (Otis Lorraine) 1h15'21''3008
Yildirim Emo (Otis Lorraine) 1h15'23''3010
Basile Agnès (Cos Villers) 1h18'36''3041
Vazquez Marie Hélène (Cos Villers) 1h18'37''3042
Schauinger Dylan (Harmonie Mutuelle) 1h19'25''3047
Clausse Sébastien (Harmonie Mutuelle) 1h19'28''3048
Etique Stephane (Cos Villers) 1h21'33''3054
Chapier Cécile (Harmonie Mutuelle) 1h24'04''3061
Montagne Angélique (Harmonie Mutuelle) 1h24'05''3062
Reboussin Eric (Harmonie Mutuelle) 1h24'05''3063
Schauinger Céline (Harmonie Mutuelle) 1h24'05''3064
Julian Cyril (Harmonie Mutuelle) 1h24'05''3065
Bermann Laure (Harmonie Mutuelle) 1h24'05''3066
Rodriguez Athéna (Sphb) 1h24'26''3067
Bordat William (Harmonie Mutuelle) 1h29'49''3077
Gerard Stéphanie (Harmonie Mutuelle) 1h29'49''