There are no statistics available for this player Thanks for visiting The use of software that blocks ads hinders our ability to serve you the content you came here to enjoy We ask that you consider turning off your ad blocker so we can deliver you the best experience possible while you are here Racing TV broadcaster Nick Luck was spared a £5,000 payout when Viroflay made all in the hunter chase Luck pledged a new bonus for the point-to-point season to any horse who has run in a point-to-point during the campaign and won the hunter chases at Catterick on March 5 and the finale on this card The Fred Timmis-trained Captain Tommy was successful at the North Yorkshire track last month but could only finish a distant second in the 2m4f event Olive Nicholls, the trainer-jockey of Viroflay, sported the colours of her father Paul, who won the 2m5f novice hurdle with Go West The winner never saw a rival from the front to score by 34 lengths and Nicholls said on Racing TV: “We’ve always thought very highly of him He loved it out in front and he has plenty of speed He was entered at Aintree this week but we thought we’d wait another year He could go to the hunter chase meeting at Cheltenham [May 2].” The feature £20,000 races went to Gloucestershire-based trainers. Nigel Twiston-Davies struck with topweight Lord Of Cheshire who was a five-length winner under the trainer’s son Sam in the 2m2f handicap chase The Jonathan Burke-ridden Young Buster beat Kempton specialist Flegmatik by 24 lengths in the 3m handicap chase for Fergal O’Brien Fine Point gained a first win by half a length in the 2m novice handicap hurdle for Nigel Hawke and Lorcan Murtagh 'The pedigree is there and he looks the part' - trainer identifies a potential Classic horse as good start to the year continues  Looking for free bets? Racing Post have got the best offers, all in one place. Visit racingpost.com/freebets to find out more Published on 1 April 2025inReports Copyright © 2025 Spotlight Sports Group Limited or its licensors Paul Nicholls with daughter Olive who will ride Viroflay at Punchestown(Image: Getty Images)The teenage daughter of former champion trainer Paul Nicholls can steal the headlines from her dad on day four of the Punchestown Festival rides Viroflay in the Champion Hunters Chase – and I’m tipping the pair to gallop to glory Olive – who also trains the horse – steered Viroflay to a brilliant victory at Kempton a month ago and the horse will relish the good ground nb) can bounce back to winning form as the Guineas Festival kicks off at Newmarket on Friday The four-year-old has failed to hit the target in four starts since chasing home the brilliant City Of Troy last June at Epsom he should improve on his fourth in the Earl Of Sefton Stakes last month where he raced too freely over an inadequate trip Harry Davies will need to settle him but he should get the ideal tow into the race from main market rival Silver Knott Fallen star Constitution Hill bids to redeem his reputation in the Boodles Champion Hurdle at Punchestown Nicky Henderson’s superstar hit the deck at Cheltenham and Aintree but should regain the winning thread given a clear round under stand-in jockey James Bowen Constitution Hill bids for redemption at Punchestown(Image: PA)Article continues belowState Man – another faller in the Champion Hurde with the race at his mercy at the final flight – reopposes while Golden Ace who took advantage of the mayhem to grab the Cheltenham prize at 25-1 – is no forlorn hope on ground that she will like Juddmonte have some lovely three-year-olds to go to war with and one of them COSMIC YEAR (2.20) can stretch his unbeaten record at Newmarket in the Trustatrader King Charles II Stakes BRAVE MISSION (2.55) is also fancied while FIFTY NIFTY (3.30) is a confident choice to go one better than his recent second There are seven races live on ITV and three from Goodwood where LOUGHVILLE (3.10) should go well at a nice price in the Listed race for fillies while course winnerS TATTERSTALL (2.35) and CHAIRMANOFTHEBOARD (3.45) are other fancies Want to keep up with all of the latest sport news Well then sign up for the brilliant Daily Star Off the Ball email newsletter Simply click on this link then provide your email address and that's it You'll receive an email with all of the top football stories You can also sign up for our Daily Star Football email for all the latest transfer news and breaking stories, right here Away from the ITV cameras, ONE COOL DREAMER (5.00, nap) can score for Alan King and David Egan. He ran a solid race on his seasonal return at Kempton and has winning form on fast ground. CAPITAL GUARANTEE (3.55, trb) lools the safest bet at Musselburgh. Metrics details An Author Correction to this article was published on 28 January 2022 This article has been updated Spinach is a nutritious leafy vegetable belonging to the family Chenopodiaceae Here we report a high-quality chromosome-scale reference genome assembly of spinach and genome resequencing of 305 cultivated and wild spinach accessions Reconstruction of ancestral Chenopodiaceae karyotype indicates substantial genome rearrangements in spinach after its divergence from ancestral Chenopodiaceae coinciding with high repeat content in the spinach genome Population genomic analyses provide insights into spinach genetic diversity and population differentiation Genome-wide association studies of 20 agronomical traits identify numerous significantly associated regions and candidate genes for these traits Domestication sweeps in the spinach genome are identified some of which are associated with important traits (e.g. demonstrating the role of artificial selection in shaping spinach phenotypic evolution This study provides not only insights into the spinach evolution and domestication but also valuable resources for facilitating spinach breeding and to enhance the resistance to major diseases a chromosome-level reference-grade genome for spinach is still urgently needed to facilitate comparative genomic we report a much-improved chromosome-scale spinach reference genome assembled using PacBio long reads and chromatin interaction maps generated using the high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technology with ~98.3% anchored and ordered on the six spinach chromosomes We reconstruct the ancestral karyotype of Chenopodiaceae to elucidate its evolution history We then construct a genome variation map by genome resequencing of 305 cultivated and wild spinach accessions We perform genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to dissect the genetic architecture of important spinach traits and conduct population genomic analyses to elucidate the history of spinach breeding a 17-mer spectrum of Illumina reads of spinach cultivars Sp75 and Monoe-Viroflay The main peak represents the homozygous peak and the small peak (pointed by arrow) in Sp75 represents the heterozygous peak b Hi-C interaction heatmap of the assembled Monoe-Viroflay genome Color bar at the right represents the density of Hi-C interactions which are indicated by number of links at the 1-Mb resolution c Circos display of the Monoe-Viroflay genomic features and (v) Distribution of domestication sweeps across the genome Genomes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) were used for ancestral genome reconstruction Chromosomes of the Chenopodiaceae ancestor are painted according to the colors of ancestral eukaryote karyotypes (AEK) while chromosomes of other species are painted following the color palette of the Chenopodiaceae ancestor with nine protochromosomes Black numbers under the branch of the tree represent the divergence time (million years ago) and the 95% highest posterior density range (in the bracket) Red and green numbers on the tree represent numbers of expanded (+) and contracted (-) gene families across the evolution of the species a Geographic distribution of the sampled cultivated and wild spinach accessions Red star indicates the center of origin of spinach b Principal component analysis of spinach accessions using SNPs at fourfold degenerate sites excluding those specific to S c Phylogenetic and model-based clustering analyses of spinach accessions further supporting the weak bottleneck during spinach domestication The very rapid LD decay in the cultivated spinach may be useful for identifying the associated QTL intervals that resulted in identification of less spurious candidate genes in GWAS experiments b Manhattan plots of GWAS of DM resistance (a) and DM incidence (b) Gray horizontal dashed lines indicate the Bonferroni-corrected significance thresholds of GWAS (α = 0.05 and α = 1 c Major associated region with both DM resistance and DM incidence with genes and the known marker Pfs-1 plotted Gray track indicates the LD (r2) between the lead SNP (Peak1) of DM resistance and other individual SNPs in this region d Allele frequencies of the top two lead SNPs for the DM resistance (Peak1 and Peak2) and DM incidence (Peak3 and Peak4) in the spinach nature population Source data are provided as a Source Data file and their homologs may also contribute to plant development in spinach we found another FAR1-related gene (SOV6g004340) close to the lead SNP of the petiole width suggesting the FAR1 gene family as the potential candidates for organ size control in spinach including a region harboring genes encoding MADS-box transcription factors (SOV6g023690 and SOV4g008150) which are known to be involved in regulating flowering time in plants We hypothesize that the two transporters in the associated region may regulate the soluble oxalate content in spinach by affecting the calcium and other ion levels in spinach cells This finding proposes a new approach to breed spinach with reduced soluble oxalates functions of the two transporters and their effects on changed ion levels in spinach need to be further investigated b Zoomed-in view of the region containing the GWAS signal of leaf surface texture c Distribution of the leaf surface texture phenotype (wrinkled or smooth) in the three Spinacia groups In addition to the major association signal minor signals were identified on chromosome 4 and 5 suggesting the diversity of DM resistance in the spinach population and providing a great resource for spinach breeding Consistent with the transcriptome-based analysis turkestanica was found to be the possible direct progenitor of cultivated species despite that transcriptome data underestimate the genome-wide nucleotide diversity of the population We identified nearly one thousand domestication sweeps harboring 748 genes in cultivated spinach and petiole color and width overlap with domestication sweeps suggesting the role of human selection on phenotypic evolution of spinach Our comprehensive genome and population genomic analyses provide insights into spinach genome architecture and evolution and genetic basis of important agronomic traits The high-quality reference genome and population genomic resources developed in this study are of great value for future biological studies and marker-assisted breeding of spinach The Monoe-Viroflay inbred line was provided by Enza Zaden (https://www.enzazaden.com/) The line was derived from a monoecious spinach cultivar Viroflay that was selfed for more than 10 generations and its genetic homozygosity was confirmed with self-designed markers The Monoe-Viroflay plants were grown in a greenhouse at Boyce Thompson Institute with a 16 h light (27 °C) and 8 h dark (19 °C) cycle Young leaves from 20-day-old plants were collected for DNA extraction using the QIAGEN DNeasy Plant Mini Kit following the manufacturer’s instructions (QIAGEN DNA quality was determined via agarose gel electrophoresis and the quantity was measured on a NanoDrop (Thermo Fisher Scientific An Illumina paired-end DNA library with an insert size of ~300 bp was constructed using the Genomic DNA Sample Prep kit (Illumina USA) following the manufacturer’s instructions and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform with paired-end mode high molecular weight (HMW) DNA was extracted from young fresh leaves and then randomly sheared to fragments with an average size of 20 kb using g-TUBE (Covaris) The sheared DNA was used to construct the PacBio SMRT library following the standard SMRT bell construction protocol and the library was sequenced on a PacBio Sequel platform using the 2.0 chemistry (PacBio) Hi-C and Chicago libraries were prepared following the protocols implemented by Dovetail Genomics and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform For genome resequencing, a total of 305 wild and cultivated accessions collected worldwide were used in this study (Supplementary Data 5) DNA isolation from young leaves and Illumina library preparation were performed following the method described above All libraries were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform with paired-end mode (2 × 150 bp) Repeats from above were combined to build a final repeat library of the Monoe-Viroflay genome and used to screen the Monoe-Viroflay genome for repetitive sequences using RepeatMasker by aligning the Illumina paired-end reads against the Monoe-Viroflay genome FST and π ratios were calculated based on a sliding window of 10 kb and a step size of 1 kb Regions ranked top 1% of the scores/values in any two of the methods were defined as putative selective sweeps All spinach accessions were planted in the field at the Development and Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Germplasm Resources Fengxian Campus of Shanghai Normal University (latitude using a randomized complete block design with three replicates and 10 plants were selected for the phenotyping of agronomic and disease resistance traits for each accession Three traits related to plant architecture were measured at 35 days after germination the plant type trait was classified into three categories semi-erect (45° < angle < 60°) and spreading (angle < 45°) according to the angle between the extension direction of the outer spinach leaf base and the ground plane The plant height and width were recorded based on the vertical distance from the highest point of the plant to the ground and the maximum diameter of the horizontal projection of the leaf curtain of the plant in its natural state were also recorded at 35 days after germination The largest leaves of three individuals were selected and measured for the length and width traits and the number of unfolded leaves with a length greater than 2 cm was recorded for the leaf number trait The leaf surface texture trait was recorded as smooth and wrinkled Leaf shape was categorized into nearly orbicular Leaf apex shape and leaf base shape were classified into acute and non-acute The degree of leaf division was divided into none Petiole-related traits including petiole length and petiole width were recorded along with the leaf length and width and the petiole color was recorded as purple and green Bolting and flowering were recorded as the number of days needed for more than half of the plants having a stem longer than 5 cm and flowering female or monoecious at the flowering stage therefore the oxalic acid content of spinach leaf could be calculated according to the standard curve The resistance and incidence of downy mildew in spinach were determined by artificial inoculation of Peronospora farinosa f the pathogenic spores were evenly sprayed on the true leaf of the seedlings which were then kept in the greenhouse at a temperature of 20 °C and humidity of above 80% The resistance and incidence of downy mildew were investigated 10 days after the inoculation The incidence of each accession was rated based on the number of susceptible plants divided by the number of all plants The resistance of each accession was characterized as follows: the disease degree of each plant was classified according to the percentage of leaves showing the symptom The disease index (DI) was then calculated using the following formula: ni is the number of plants showing this degree of disease and N is the total number of plants surveyed the resistance of spinach accession to downy mildew was divided into five levels according to the calculated disease index: high resistance (DI < 1) susceptible (20 ≤ DI < 45) and highly susceptible (DI ≥ 45) Further information on research design is available in the Nature Research Reporting Summary linked to this article A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28320-w Spinach downy mildew: advances in our understanding of the disease cycle and prospects for disease management Genetic diversity of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) landraces collected in Iran using some morphological traits Association mapping of leaf traits in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Population structure and association analysis of bolting Association analysis for oxalate concentration in spinach vitamin C and carotenoid contents in different spinach accessions and their correlation with various morphological traits Dietary oxalate intake and kidney outcomes domestication and breeding history of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Draft genome of spinach and transcriptome diversity of 120 Spinacia accessions An anchored chromosome-scale genome assembly of spinach improves annotation and reveals extensive gene rearrangements in euasterids A spinach genome assembly with remarkable completeness and its use for rapid identification of candidate genes for agronomic traits and phasing assessment for genome assemblies Assessing genome assembly quality using the LTR Assembly Index (LAI) BUSCO: Assessing genome assembly and annotation completeness The genome of the recently domesticated crop plant sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) A chromosome-scale assembly of the garden orach (Atriplex hortensis L.) genome using Oxford Nanopore sequencing Single-molecule sequencing and Hi-C-based proximity-guided assembly of amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) chromosomes provide insights into genome evolution Paleogenomics: reconstruction of plant evolutionary trajectories from modern and ancient DNA Are betalain pigments the functional homologues of anthocyanins in plants A map of rice genome variation reveals the origin of cultivated rice Resequencing of 414 cultivated and wild watermelon accessions identifies selection for fruit quality traits Genomic analyses provide insights into the history of tomato breeding Genome re-sequencing reveals the history of apple and supports a two-stage model for fruit enlargement Characterization of a resistance locus (Pfs-1) to the spinach downy mildew pathogen (Peronospora farinosa f spinaciae) and development of a molecular marker linked to Pfs-1 Fine mapping and candidate gene screening of the downy mildew resistance gene RPF1 in Spinach Arabidopsis downy mildew resistance gene RPP27 encodes a receptor-like protein similar to CLAVATA2 and tomato Cf-9 Antagonistic control of disease resistance protein stability in the plant immune system She, H. et al. The female (XX) and male (YY) genomes provide insights into the sex determination mechanism in spinach. bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020 Genes for control of plant stature and form The evolution of apical dominance in maize The OsTB1 gene negatively regulates lateral branching in rice Arabidopsis H+-PPase AVP1 regulates auxin-mediated organ development FAR1-RELATED SEQUENCE (FRS) and FRS-RELATED FACTOR (FRF) family proteins in Arabidopsis growth and development Microtubule-mediated wall anisotropy contributes to leaf blade flattening Addition of calcium compounds to reduce soluble oxalate in a high oxalate food system Oxalate content of foods and its effect on humans Calcium oxalate in plants: formation and function Evolution of crop species: genetics of domestication and diversification Subgenome parallel selection is associated with morphotype diversification and convergent crop domestication in Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea Origin of Cultivated Plants (Paul Trench & Co. Evidence for a common origin of homomorphic and heteromorphic sex chromosomes in distinct Spinacia species Cutin and suberin: assembly and origins of specialized lipidic cell wall scaffolds Chromosome rearrangements and transposable elements Genome wide association studies in multiple spinach breeding populations refine downy mildew race 13 resistance genes High-throughput illumina strand-specific RNA sequencing library preparation Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data Graph-based genome alignment and genotyping with HISAT2 and HISAT-genotype Canu: scalable and accurate long-read assembly via adaptive k-mer weighting and repeat separation Pilon: an integrated tool for comprehensive microbial variant detection and genome assembly improvement MITE-Hunter: a program for discovering miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements from genomic sequences an efficient and flexible software for de novo detection of LTR retrotransposons MAKER-P: a tool-kit for the rapid creation and quality control of plant genome annotations AUGUSTUS: ab initio prediction of alternative transcripts Gene identification in novel eukaryotic genomes by self-training algorithm StringTie enables improved reconstruction of a transcriptome from RNA-seq reads Improving the Arabidopsis genome annotation using maximal transcript alignment assemblies Reconstructing the genome of the most recent common ancestor of flowering plants MCScanX: a toolkit for detection and evolutionary analysis of gene synteny and collinearity Reconstruction of ancestral genomes in presence of gene gain and loss OrthoMCL: identification of ortholog groups for eukaryotic genomes MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability trimAl: a tool for automated alignment trimming in large-scale phylogenetic analyses IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies PAML 4: phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood The timescale of early land plant evolution CAFE: a computational tool for the study of gene family evolution Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler transform A framework for variation discovery and genotyping using next-generation DNA sequencing data LUMPY: a probabilistic framework for structural variant discovery SpeedSeq: ultra-fast personal genome analysis and interpretation Inferring weak population structure with the assistance of sample group information PopLDdecay: a fast and effective tool for linkage disequilibrium decay analysis based on variant call format files Population differentiation as a test for selective sweeps Variance component model to account for sample structure in genome-wide association studies BEDTools: a flexible suite of utilities for comparing genomic features SpinachBase: a central portal for spinach genomics Download references Jan Dijkstra and Faira Suidgeest from Enza Zaden for providing seeds and confirming the genetic homozygosity of Monoe-Viroflay This research was supported by grants from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality the Development and Collaborative Innovation Center of Shanghai (No Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resources (17DZ2252700 to Quanxi Wang) Shanghai Municipal Agricultural Commission (No the Open Project of Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology (Grant No and the US National Science Foundation (IOS-1855585 to Z.F.) These authors contributed equally: Xiaofeng Cai Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resources Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects Quanhua Wang contributed to sample collection and phenotyping All authors read and approved the manuscript The authors declare no competing interests Nature Communications thanks Florent Murat reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27432-z Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article Sign up for the Nature Briefing: Translational Research newsletter — top stories in biotechnology Most of us are familiar with “spinach teeth” – the harmless but gritty-chalky mouthfeel caused by the vegetable A team of researchers from Boyce Thompson Institute (BTI) and six Chinese universities has identified genes in spinach that regulate its concentration of oxalate which is responsible for “spinach teeth,” as well as genes that help the plant combat downy mildew The findings, described in a paper published Dec. 13 in Nature Communications could allow breeders to produce disease-resistant varieties of spinach with more consumer appeal A cultivated variety of spinach grows in a greenhouse at Shanghai Normal University “I think more consumers would be willing to buy spinach that has less oxalate,” said BTI faculty member Zhangjun Fei “Dietary oxalate can interfere with mineral absorption and may lead to kidney stones and less oxalate would also make spinach more palatable to a wider market.” The research included contributors from BTI Qingdao Agricultural University and Harbin Normal University The study compared the genomes of cultivated spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and two of its wild relatives (S tetranda) to identify genes linked to traits of interest to plant breeders “Our results provide rich resources for the spinach community especially those working on increasing downy mildew resistance improving leaf texture and reducing oxalate content,” said corresponding author Chen Jiao a former postdoctoral researcher in Fei’s group who’s now at Zhejiang University In 2017, Fei’s lab reported a draft spinach genome whose quality was not high due to technical limitations in the assembly process The new study utilized the Monoe-Viroflay cultivated variety of spinach combined with the advanced sequencing and assembly technologies making the assembly of its genome much easier and of higher quality than the varieties used in the earlier study The team also sequenced the genomes of 295 cultivated varieties of S oleracea and 10 accessions of the two wild relatives they conducted comparative genomic analyses and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to probe the plant’s evolutionary history and look for genes associated with specific traits Most of the genetic differences between wild and cultivated spinach result from the plant’s adaptation to new environments as it spread from its origins in Persia (modern-day Iran) across Asia and Europe with other variations reflecting the local preferences for traits such as flat or wrinkled leaves “I think our most interesting finding is that the genetic diversity between Asian and European spinach is higher than it is between cultivated and wild spinaches which is not very common in other crops,” Jiao said “This increases our knowledge of how human selection diversifies crop plants.” The GWAS confirmed the known role for the NBR-LRR family of genes in spinach downy mildew resistance It also identified other locations on the genome with lesser but still important roles in resistance which encodes an enzyme that may reinforce the physical barrier of spinach upon pathogen invasion disease resistance in spinach is controlled by a network of genetic regions,” said Fei also an adjunct professor in Cornell’s School of Integrative Plant Science in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences “If you can ‘stack’ disease-resistant gene variants into one variety then you will get better resistance than with just one gene variant.” The team also found two genes encoding metal and metal ion transporters that may regulate oxalates in spinach Although more research is needed to understand their full function modulating these genes to reduce oxalates could help boost the market with cultivars that are better for human health and appeal to consumers who dislike the vegetable because of “spinach teeth.” The research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation; the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai; and the Development and Collaborative Innovation Center of Shanghai Haas is a freelance writer for the Boyce Thompson Institute Get Cornell news delivered right to your inbox *All prices are bang up to date with our snazzy widgets while odds in copy are accurate at time of publishing but subject to change should have more to come on the back of her Hereford success – where she won well despite showing signs of greenness – and is narrowly preferred to fellow hurdle winner Believitanducan who should relish the drop in grade after contesting a Grade 2 last time out Distant Huntingdon second Across Earth may prove best of the remainder for all El Gavilan produced his best effort for connections when third at Ludlow last time out None of these can be ruled out with any great confidence but KORUS nevertheless stands out on account of his potential following an encouraging debut in this sphere at Plumpton and the five-year-old shapes as though he’ll benefit from this step up in trip and he shades preference ahead of in-form rivals Shut That d’Or and Sainte Doctor Chase debutant El Granjero is also interesting for all he might prefer more testing conditions while Stratagem took a step back in the right direction at the track when last seen in May and retains the same headgear combo on this reappearance and 100/1 on her preceding four starts over hurdles ARCTIC ANGEL was more prominent in the betting when she made a reasonably promising start to her handicap career at Chepstow and might prove the answer in a race where few arrive with compelling claims A trappy event made even trickier by the obvious lack of pace Bumper winner and dual hurdles scorer MOON CHIME doesn’t lack for speed at this level and he could be worth another chance off a fair handicap mark having made a bad mistake two out when third at Ludlow last month who has improved markedly since moving into handicaps arrives with obvious claims chasing a four-timer from a 7lb higher mark while top-weight Balhambar has chased home some decent horses this season and despite disappointing on his latest start is entitled to plenty of respect back down in grade Klic Boum has caught the eye on his last two starts but may not be seen to best effect over this trip in a steadily-run race unless connections change tactics; the market should help Chase debutants DANCING IN BRAZIL and Intrepide Sud may well come to the fore assuming that they both get into a good rhythm jumping-wise The latter has a bit to prove having pulled up in handicap hurdles the last two times but perhaps this change of vocation will help him get back on the right path Dancing In Brazil arrives here on the back of a couple of credible efforts Plumpton runner-up Non Stop is the clear pick of those with experience over fences having chased home a course specialist last time out though Salamanca Bay remains capable of better and the drop in the trip should suit Cat Tiger; the same might not be said of the strong stayer Yes Indeed who has something to prove on this return for a new yard This handicap mark looks within reach for CHICAGO STORM but he’s made a fine start to life with Daisy Hitchins and gets the vote This meeting has been the subject of Irish gambles before who may emerge as the main danger after three modest runs for his new yard have left him with a career-low mark of 98 to work with Ted’s Friend hasn’t fired the last twice but is well treated if staging a revival with front-running tactics re-employed The classy VIROFLAY warmed up for this with an easy point win last month – his sixth win from his last eight starts in that sphere – and can make it third time lucky in hunters Go Sacre Go will be a threat if reproducing the form of his comeback second at Wincanton Darren Andrews won this race 12 months ago and could go well once more if getting Missed Tee into a better rhythm than of late for different jockeys while prolific point winner Barton Snow may prove best of the rest PPB Counterparty Services Ltd is licensed and regulated by the Malta Gaming Authority. For customers in the UK, PPB Counterparty Services Ltd is licensed and regulated by the Gambling Commission COMPETITIVE racing was the order of the day when a good crowd gathered for the Blackmore and Sparkford Vale point-to-point meeting at the Charlton Horethorne course on the hills on the Dorset and Somerset border The highlights on a dry but chilly day were another impressive performance by the Coronation Gold Cup winner Viroflay a riding double for Will Biddick and a long-awaited victory in an incident-packed Hunt race Viroflay had turned in an impressive performance when winning at Larkhill and he was a class above his four rivals in the Ineos Grenadier-sponsored Mixed Open race Watched by owners Paul Nicholls and John Bolton he took a while to settle for rider Olive Nicholls but once he was on an even keel the writing was on the wall for the opposition After giving him ‘a tap on the bottom’ after the third last Olive said ‘he went into another gear and went right away’ The winning margin was given as 30 lengths from Oistrakh Le Noir ridden by Will Biddick It is likely Viroflay’s sights will now be set on a Novice Hunter Chase and connections did not rule out the possibility of the Ineos Grenadier final at Cheltenham Trainer Georgina Nicholls is rightly proud of the success he has been enjoying and the partnership he is forming with her daughter Will Biddick started the day by winning the Tattersalls Cheltenham-sponsored four- and five-year-old Maiden race with the previously unraced Sea God for owners Chris Barber and Phil Fry Producing a good turn of foot after the last he had five lengths in hand at the winning post from Eau du Berlais ridden by Charlie Sprake Sea God was bought by winning connections at Doncaster last May and is a half-brother to Turn Turk who won three races for Nicky Henderson in 2017 He is likely to have an entry in the Cheltenham Festival Sale on Thursday There was drama in the Longman Cheese Sales Hunt race when short-priced favourite Shantou Flyer slipped on the flat unseating Olive Nicholls and then cannoned into West Approach ridden by Freddie Gordon This left Country Legend ridden by Tom Bishop in front and the combination maintained the advantage to record a five lengths victory over Hunting Percival ridden by Charlie Sprake The mare was recording her ninth career victory and is  a real credit to her connections James and Frances Bishop They have been generous long-term sponsors of the Blackmore and Sparkford Vale point-to-point and it was fitting their mare should finally give them a victory in a race they had been trying to win for many years James reminisced: “I was beaten by Robert Alner in the Hunt race at the old course at Kingweston in 1985 when I was riding Tavy Lord and this was the nearest I got to riding the winner.” who works in London and still rides out for trainer Richard Bandey when he can was quick to praise his parents for the work on the mare who relished the better ground The Manor Farm Partnership Sponsored race had the biggest field of the day with 13 horses It looked that this would provide Will Biddick with his second winner when the June Fear-owned gelding Itsnotcosiownhim hit the front after the third last and looked like he had the race in the bag Alice Stevens riding the Fran Nimmo-trained Pocatello had other ideas and in a driving finish got her mount’s head in front to record a neck victory He was bought at Doncaster by Charlie and Fran Poste on the recommendations of Derek O’Connor and needs to run left-handed to be at his best He is owned by a partnership headed up by Bridget Gatehouse and Fran said: “Bridget is our vet and a long-term friend and comes in to ride the gelding on a daily basis so should be given much credit for this success.” Will did not have to wait much longer before recording his second victory of the day aboard Macklin was surprised by his gelding’s victory – he had said beforehand he had no expectations and looked taken aback in the winner’s enclosure Will steering him to a five lengths victory over the favourite Paloma Blue ridden by Josh Newman who had recorded a good win at Milborne St Andrew on his last outing John said he bought the gelding for 9,000 Euros as a yearling and he had gone into training with Francois Nicolle in France and won a chase on firm going at a provincial track there he is one to keep on the right side of on faster going John said the 2021 Cheltenham Foxhunters hero Porlock Bay has been retired at the age of 12 The meeting ended with the Church House Investments Restricted race and another good finish Ed the Red ridden by Darren Andrews beating Bang on Target ridden by Josh Newman with only a neck separating them The winner trained by Chloe Newman for owner John Norman thought a mistake at the last might have proved costly but the gelding stuck on gamely to hold off the determined challenge of the runner-up He was bought out of Henry de Bromhead’s stable after being placed in a couple of hurdles Chloe said with a smile: “It was good to win today and to have my nephew Josh in second place.” Follow us on Facebook Subscribe to the Newsletter Salisbury &Avon Magazine The New Stour & Avon Magazine The Purbeck Gazette This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page From Marilyn Monroe to computer circuit boards a new exhibition explores the images Magnum photographers have taken while on commission Photograph: Newsha Tavakolian/Magnum Photos Photograph: Cristina de Middel/Magnum Photos This looks a potential match between GO WEST and Old Cowboy with preference for the former He showed fairly useful form in bumpers and has made a bright start over hurdles returning from six weeks off better than ever as he defied a penalty at Taunton last month He again impressed with the quality of his hurdling that day and has been found an excellent opportunity to complete a hat-trick This isn’t as competitive as the numbers suggest and Tom Ellis’ CHARACTER TESTING is taken to gain a deserved breakthrough victory in this sphere after a series of good placed efforts It was the fifth time he’s been beaten by a neck or less at Plumpton last time and a similar display should see him bang in the mix Gregorians Star and Fine Point can all have a say too DEMOISELLE KAP has been in rude health of late completing a four-timer in a handicap hurdle at Sedgefield last month having to work harder than her odds suggested back over timber but responding well to pressure and ultimately well on top at the line She wasn’t disgraced back over fences from a 10lb higher mark at Ludlow 12 days ago having her winning run ended but leaving the impression she’s still in top form She’s just 1lb higher and seems sure to be involved again Everyonesgame may have more to offer over fences and rates as the chief threat ROYAL WAY is admittedly risky on the back of a string of poor efforts but he has been given a chance by the handicapper and it could be worth taking a punt on the five-year-old in the hope the addition of blinkers helps spark a return to form The main danger is the unexposed Lions Peak who did the job well in a Hereford maiden on his second run for this yard and goes handicapping off what looks like a fair opening mark VIROFLAY had won three times in points since last seen under Rules and he shaped encouragingly back in this sphere on his first start for Miss Olive Nicholls at Stratford last month He went down fighting to another promising type and he can record his first hunter success on the back of that effort Hat-trick seeking Captain Tommy looks the obvious danger We had been joined by Sally Clarke, of Clarke’s restaurant, in London, who is one of Alice’s many spiritual godchildren. The two chefs seemed torn between delight and surprise—delight in the freshness and green beauty of the vegetables, surprise at the lack of variety. “I’m going to show you the space left for the local growers,” Antoine went on. We walked through the aisles of the vast, chilly airplane hangars of vegetables: bins of girolles, crates of shiny eggplants. It all looked wonderful but remarkably standardized, which explained the standardization of what the average Paris greengrocer sells. “Imagine,” Antoine said. “So many radishes gone; the artichokes of Paris, almost gone; the turnips of Vaugirard, gone. There’s a variety of beans that one reads about all the time in nineteenth-century texts. But gone! We’ve kept some seedlings of the plants in the museum, and they could be revived.” “We’ll plant them in the Tuileries,” Alice said softly, but with determination. One of her dreams for the restaurant is to raise a vegetable garden right outside the door. Antoine walked along, greeting old friends and growers. “This man has excellent tomatoes,” he now whispered to Alice. “Does he grow organically?” she asked urgently. In recent years, Alice has become a fanatic of organic growing. Antoine nodded at another merchant across the way. “Now, this man grows excellent asparagus,” he whispered. “It’s interesting. Two hundred, a hundred and fifty years ago, it was always green asparagus; now the demand is for white asparagus.” Antoine made the right response. He raised his eyebrows in polite wonder while smiling only on the left side of his face, an expression that means, How greatly I respect the vigor of your opinions, however much they may call to mind the ravings of a lunatic. “What do you mean?” he demanded. “Well, it is my experience that everyone grows green asparagus now. It’s all you see for decorative plats, that touch of green. In the magazines, for instance, among the fashionable chefs, it’s all you see, green asparagus. It has a much greater decorative effect. It’s obvious.” “Ah, yes, for decorative effect,” Antoine agreed calmly. Everybody won. Nearby, Alice had found frisée and watercress and was looking at them raptly—not with the greed of a hungry man seeing dinner but with the admiration of William Bennett looking at a long marriage. “There’s nothing so beautiful as French watercress,” she said. “I can recall walking down the Rue Mouffetard in 1965, my first year in Paris. I was a girl from New Jersey who’d grown up on frozen food, and to see the baskets and baskets of greens, so many shades of green and red! “You know,” Antoine said, coming over, “there used to be asparagus grown in Argenteuil, just down the river from Paris—great asparagus. And they used to have figs in Argenteuil, too. The white figs of Argenteuil, they were called in the nineteenth century. The trees were bent over with weights, so that the branches could be buried in the ground, to protect them all through the winter. Yet we think of figs as a southern fruit.” Copy link to cartoonCopy link to cartoonLink copied But how was the lamb? Alice spoke freely about the problems that the space at the Louvre represented. Listening between the sentences, you could deduce that, if she had not lost heart, she had, at least, a larger sense of how vast and difficult a project it promised to be. Susan Loomis’s aioli was fabulous. People talked, as they do everywhere, about Clinton and Monica. But how was the lamb? The wine was excellent. The tarte aux pommes was fine. Did that perfect auberge really exist? I asked. “Well, no, not really. Not exactly,” she said, in a tone that sounded like “not at all.” “I mean, yes, it didn’t, not like that.” She thought for a moment. “Of course, it existed for him. It still exists for us, in the minds of the people around this table. Maybe that’s where the ideal restaurant always will be.” Postscript: After Alice Waters left Paris, Le Figaro published an interview with her in which she gently reviewed her concerns about the Rungis market. “THE MARKETS IN PARIS ARE SHOCKING!” was the headline on the piece, whose effect, from a P.R. point of view, was that of a Japanese baseball manager who after a trip to Yankee Stadium is quoted in a headline saying, “YOU CALL THAT A BALLPARK?” Alice Waters is learning that the real France is an inscrutable, hypersensitive place. Metrics details Downy mildew of spinach is caused by the obligate oomycete pathogen The disease causes significant economic losses especially in the organic sector of the industry where the use of synthetic fungicides is not permitted for disease control New pathotypes of this pathogen are increasingly reported which are capable of breaking resistance we took advantage of new spinach genome resources to conduct RNA-seq analyses of transcriptomic changes in leaf tissue of resistant and susceptible spinach cultivars Solomon and Viroflay at an early stage of pathogen establishment (48 hours post inoculation hpi) to a late stage of symptom expression and pathogen sporulation (168 hpi) Fold change differences in gene expression were recorded between the two cultivars to identify candidate genes for resistance the hypersensitive inducible genes such as pathogenesis-related gene PR-1 phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase and peroxidase were significantly up-regulated uniquely at 48 hpi and genes involved in zinc finger CCCH protein 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase homologs receptor-like protein kinases were expressed at 48 hpi through 168 hpi The types of genes significantly up-regulated in Solomon in response to the pathogen suggests that salicylic acid and ethylene signaling pathways mediate resistance many genes involved in the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid pathways were highly expressed in Viroflay compared to Solomon at 168 hpi an abundance of significantly down-regulated genes was apparent at 168 hpi reflecting symptom development and sporulation in cultivar Viroflay genes encoding RxLR-type effectors were expressed during early colonization of cultivar Viroflay while crinkler-type effector genes were expressed at the late stage of the colonization Our results provide insights on gene expression in resistant and susceptible spinach-P which can guide future studies to assess candidate genes necessary for downy mildew resistance in spinach we performed genome-wide expression profiling of resistant and susceptible spinach-P effusa interactions to investigate the defense mechanisms that confer resistance against P we used resistant and susceptible spinach cultivars Solomon (also known as Lion) and Viroflay effusa and monitored for differential gene expression at two different time points at an early stage of pathogen establishment and at the late stage of symptom expression and sporulation We assembled a high-quality spinach reference genome sequence with annotation to facilitate this current analysis In-depth analysis of genes differentially expressed during infection or in response to P effusa yielded insights into the genetic basis of resistance and susceptibility in spinach and expression profiling of putative effector genes in P effusa that are required for virulence and proliferation Experimental design and sample collection for RNA sequencing analyses of resistant and susceptible spinach cultivars in response to the spinach downy mildew pathogen Two-week-old spinach seedlings of the differential cultivars were inoculated with P Leaves of the downy mildew resistant cultivar Solomon and susceptible cultivar Viroflay were collected at 48 and 168 hpi and immediately transferred in liquid nitrogen Un-inoculated control seedlings were also incubated overnight in the dew chamber Three leaves per plant per treatment were pooled for total RNA extraction cDNA libraries were prepared using three separate biological replicates per treatment Three true leaves were harvested manually from each plant at the respective time points transferred immediately into liquid nitrogen and stored at −80 oC until further processing a three-dimensional principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using the default setting in CLC Genomics where normalized log CPM values were used as expression values PC2 and PC3 displayed the direction with the maximum intermediate and minimum variability respectively A total of 364,359,078 sequence reads were generated from all samples included in this study using an Illumina sequencing platform (Supplementary Table 1) More than 95% reads were mapped to at least one position in the spinach reference genome for the majority of the samples except for the 2nd and 3rd replications of cultivar Viroflay at 168 hpi due to increased presence of pathogen transcripts sequenced in those samples nearly 70% of total mapped reads from each sample were mapped to annotated genes within the spinach genome Total gene reads include reads that span partly or entirely within an intron All other reads mapped partly or entirely between genes and were reported as mapped to the intergenic region About 30% of total mapped reads from all samples were mapped to the intergenic regions in the genome RNA-sequencing analyses of gene expression patterns in resistant and susceptible cultivars Solomon and Viroflay (A) The principal component analysis of expression values across samples from cultivars Solomon and Viroflay in response to infection (B) Heat map of expression values clustered in Solomon (Solo) and Viroflay (Viro) at 48 hours post-inoculation period (hpi) and 168 hpi The expression value refers to normalized log counts per million the extent of SNPs in significantly differentially expressed genes in cultivars Solomon and Viroflay was negligible The SNP frequencies detected in our studies were not anticipated to have significant effects on the expression profiles of the genes or their functions Venn diagram and Volcano plots of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as determined by RNA-sequencing analysis in spinach cultivars Solomon (Peronospora effusa-resistant) and Viroflay (P effusa-susceptible) at different time points after inoculation with the spinach downy mildew pathogen (A) The Venn diagram displays significant differential gene expression values (FDR p-value = <0.01) with the minimum absolute fold change = 2 (B) Volcano plots of DEGs at 48 hours post-inoculation period (hpi) and 168 hpi red circles indicate significant DEGs (FDR p-value = <0.01) with minimum absolute fold change = 4 Among significantly expressed genes at 48 and 168 hpi in cultivar Solomon versus Viroflay, 85 were up-regulated and 112 were down-regulated at both time points while 214 genes that were up-regulated and 227 that were down-regulated were only expressed at 48 hpi. Similarly, there were 131 up-regulated and 767 down-regulated genes at 168 hpi in cultivar Solomon (Table 1) The list of significantly expressed genes at both 48 and 168 hpi time points or at either time point and their putative functions are presented in Supplementary File 2 To investigate the overall gene expression of the P effusa-resistant cultivar Solomon and compare these values with the P we combined expression values of each time point and for each treatment of cultivar Solomon and compared these individually with expression values in susceptible cultivar Viroflay at 48 hpi and 168 hpi The up- or down-regulated expression patterns of the majority of the genes were similar to our results showing pairwise comparisons between the two cultivars at each time point Up-regulated genes significantly expressed at both time points including the receptor-like protein kinase FERONIA leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase serine/threonine-protein kinase TIO (Supplementary File 2) several genes encoding for transcription factor basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-like or proteins with unknown function were also significantly up-regulated across both time points Gene ontology (GO) term enrichment derived from Peronospora effusa-spinach interactions in which both resistant and susceptible cultivars were compared (A) GO term enrichment at 48 hours post-inoculation period (hpi) and (B) GO term enrichment at 168 hpi resistant cultivar Solomon versus susceptible Viroflay GO term enrichment was computed using significantly up-regulated DEGs at 48 and 168 hpi Histograms with gold color indicate GO terms enriched across both time points there were multiple down-regulated genes that were identified as involved in thiamine metabolism and phenylpropanoid pathways Expression profile and differential expression of Peronospora effusa transcriptomes/translated proteins during incompatible and compatible interactions with resistant spinach cultivar Solomon and susceptible cultivar Viroflay (A) Heat map of expression values clustered in resistant cultivar Solomon and susceptible cultivar Viroflay at 168 hours post-inoculation period (hpi) effusa effectors (168 hpi versus 48 hpi) in response to infection in susceptible cultivar Viroflay we applied this tool along with the newly available spinach and P to analyze gene expression during incompatible and compatible spinach- P We used resistant and susceptible spinach cultivars Solomon and Viroflay effusa and monitored the temporal pattern of gene expression at 48 and 168 hpi We examined genes expressed in both host (spinach cultivars) and pathogen (P effusa) sides during host-microbe interactions The enriched GO term ‘response to wounding’ at both 48 and 168 hpi also suggested that preserving cell wall integrity is an important step to retain the resistance over P genes encoding R-proteins such as LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase ankyrin repeat-containing protein NPR4-like G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase and nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2 were highly expressed at 48 hpi in cultivar Solomon compared to Viroflay It is possible that extracellular domains of these receptors physically interact with the P effusa specific PAMP molecules and activate the downstream defense signals that are critical to subsequently suppress the infection process Some of these genes may be targeted by inhibitory RNAs or CRISPR-Cas9 approaches to assess their functions during a resistant response The gene encoding enzyme cinnamoyl-CoA reductase was significantly up-regulated in the resistant cultivar Solomon at 48 hpi which may have a role in lignification to confer tolerance to pathogen invasion down-regulated genes associated with the phenlypropanoid biosynthesis pathway were highly expressed in the susceptible cultivar Viroflay versus cultivar Solomon Down-regulation of key genes involved in phenlypropanoid biosynthesis may assist in pathogen proliferation This down-regulation may be due to the delivery of pathogen effector proteins that target and suppress the expression of these host genes multiple genes related to phenylpropanoid pathways were significantly down-regulated in the susceptible interaction and genes encoding ACC oxidase and AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor were up-regulated in the resistant interaction it is plausible that crosstalk between salicylic acid and ethylene signaling pathways and cell wall lignification undergirds the resistant interaction we will investigate the potential role of ethylene-based signaling in spinach cultivars especially in relation to ethylene-modulated kinase signaling events conferring tolerance or resistance to pathogen invasion This study and other studies that attempt to unravel the molecular basis of disease or resistance in the spinach-P effusa interaction may enable development of effective management strategies for spinach downy mildew The RNA-seq data generated in this study have been deposited at National Center for Biotechnology Information under the BioProject identification number PRJNA603356. The reference spinach genome can be accessed through the repository at https://github.com/USDA-ARS-GBRU/Spinach_Peffusa FAOSTAT. Production domain. In: Crops. FAO, Rome; retrieved from, http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC Population analyses of the vascular plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae detect recombination & transcontinental gene flow CDFA, California Agricultural Statistics Review, 2017-2018; retrieved from, https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/PDFs/2017-18AgReport.pdf Effects of climatic and anthropogenic change on small mountainous rivers: the Salinas River example Host specialization of Peronospora farinosa on Beta Coupling spore traps and quantitative PCR assays for detection of the downy mildew pathogens of spinach (Peronospora effusa) and beet (P Spinach Downy Mildew: Advances in our understanding of the disease cycle and prospects for disease management Plasmolysis and vital staining reveal viable oospores of Peronospora effusa in spinach seed lots Season-long dynamics of spinach downy mildew determined by spore trapping & disease incidence New races & novel strains of the spinach downy mildew pathogen Peronospora effusa Spinach: Better management of downy mildew & white rust through genomics Epidemiology & population biology of Pseudoperonospora cubensis: A model system for management of downy mildews Downy mildew: a serious disease threat to rose health worldwide Comparative genomics of downy mildews reveals potential adaptations to biotrophy Genome sequences of three races of Peronospora effusa: A resource for studying the evolution of the spinach downy mildew pathogen Expression profiling of Cucumis sativus in response to infection by Pseudoperonospora cubensis Comparative analysis of impatiens leaf transcriptomes reveal candidate genes for resistance to downy mildew caused by Plasmopara obducens Comparative transcriptome profiling of a resistant vs susceptible tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar in response to infection by tomato yellow leaf curl virus A global study of transcriptome dynamics in canola (Brassica napus L.) responsive to Sclerotinia sclerotioruminfection using RNA-Seq The defense phytohormone signaling network enables rapid high-amplitude transcriptional reprogramming during effector-triggered immunity Transcriptome-based identification & validation of reference genes for plant-bacteria interaction studies using Nicotiana benthamiana Plant immunity: towards an integrated view of plant–pathogen interactions The genetic & molecular basis of plant resistance to pathogens and R genes: the new paradigm and a lifetime supply of questions Identification of new races and deviating strains of the spinach downy mildew pathogen Peronospora farinosa f Zhong, S. et al. 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Protoc, https://doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot5652 (2011) MAKER: an easy-to-use annotation pipeline designed for emerging model organism genomes Transcriptome analysis of the white pine blister rust pathogen Cronartium ribicola: de novo assembly Moderated estimation of fold change & dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq 2 KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes New approach for understanding genome variations in KEGG Toward understanding the origin and evolution of cellular organisms VaDiR: an integrated approach to Variant Detection in RNA A high-throughput SNP discovery strategy for RNA-seq data Effector-triggered immunity: from pathogen perception to robust defense Biosynthesis and regulation of phenylpropanoids in plants Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans The catalase-peroxidase KatG is required for virulenceof Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris in a host plant by providing protection against low levels of H2O2 RNA-Seq analysis of resistant and susceptible potato varietiesduring the early stages of potato virus Y infection Fire blight disease reactome: RNA-seq transcriptional profile of apple host plant defense responses to Erwiniaamylovora pathogen infection Unique resistance traits against downy mildew from the center of origin of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) In planta expression screens of Phytophthora infestans RXLR effectors reveal diverse phenotypes including activation of the Solanum bulbocastanum disease resistance protein Rpi-blb2 Convergence of cell-surface and intracellular immune receptor signaling Receptor protein kinases–pattern recognition receptors in plant immunity Plant receptor-like serine threonine kinases: roles in signaling and plant defense Cell wall integrity: targeted post-synthetic modifications to reveal its role in plant growth and defense against pathogens Wounding in the plant tissue: the defense of a dangerous passage Comparative analysis of zinc finger proteins involved in plant disease resistance FERONIA and relatives: a family of cell wall-sensing receptor kinases FERONIA and her pals: functions & mechanisms The Arabidopsis irregular xylem8 mutant is deficient in glucuronoxylan and homogalacturonan which are essential for secondary cell wall integrity Pathogen-responsive expression of glycosyltransferase genes UGT73B3 & UGT73B5 is necessary for resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv Plant glutathione transferase-mediated stress tolerance: functions and biotechnological applications Glutathione S-transferase enzymes in plant-pathogen interactions protein phosphatase inhibitors and blast pathogen (Magnaporthe grisea) on the mRNA level of a rice (Oryza sativa L.) phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (OsPHGPX) gene in seedling leaves Emerging insights into the functions of pathogenesis-related protein 1 Hormone signalling pathways are differentially involved in quantitative resistance of potato to Phytophthora infestans NLR-associating transcription factor bHLH84 and its paralogs function redundantly in plant immunity Transcriptional networks in plant immunity Plant defensin peptides have antifungal and antibacterial activity against human and plant pathogens Defensin-like peptides in wheat analyzed by whole-transcriptome sequencing: a focus on structural diversity and role in induced resistance a defensin-like peptide with multiple exploitable activities from shelf beans The pivotal role of ethylene in plant growth Ethylene biosynthesis and signaling networks Molecular characterization & expression analysis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase homologs from potato under abiotic and biotic stresses Role of ethylene and the APETALA 2/ethylene response factor superfamily in rice under various abiotic and biotic stress conditions Regulation of disease resistance pathways by AP2/ERF transcription factors Overexpression of the tobacco Tsi1 gene encoding an EREBP/AP2–type transcription factor enhances resistance against pathogen attack and osmotic stress in tobacco APETALA 2/Ethylene responsive factor (AP 2/ERF) transcription factors: Mediators of stress responses and developmental programs Fraser, C. M. & Chapple, C. The phenylpropanoid pathway in Arabidopsis. The Arabidopsis Book 9, American Society of Plant Biologists, https://doi.org/10.1199/tab.0152 The phenylpropanoid pathway and plant defense - a genomics perspective Thiamine modulates metabolism of the phenylpropanoid pathway leading to enhanced resistance to Plasmopara viticola in grapevine functional characterization & expression of potato (Solanum tuberosum) 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase 1 (StDXS1) in response to Phytophthora infestans Conserved RXLR effector genes of Phytophthora infestans expressed at the early stage of potato infection are suppressive to host defense Plant-induced cell death in the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora parasitica a Phytophthora-associated trigger of plant defense in parsley and Arabidopsis Signaling cross-talk in plant disease resistance Salicylic acid and reactive oxygen species interplay in the transcriptional control of defense genes expression TGA transcription factors activate the salicylic acid-suppressible branch of the ethylene-induced defense program by regulating ORA59 expression Download references We thank the University of California Seed Biotechnology Center the USDA-NIFA-AFRI Food Security grant through Michigan State University (Award No and the USDA-NIFA Specialty Crop Research Initiative (Award No 2017-51181-26830) through University of Arkansas for funding We also thank Roberto Ornelas (California State University Monterey Bay) for analyses of RNA-Seq data prior to completion of the final spinach reference genome annotation Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit conceived the study and designed experiments; S.L.K directed the differential screening to identify downy mildew resistant and susceptible spinach with assistance from S.J.K. isolated RNA and prepared cDNA libraries; A.M.H.-K annotated the spinach genome used in this study; S.J.K. contributed to the writing of the manuscript All authors commented on and approved the final version of the manuscript Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63668-3 Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology (2024) Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science 30, passed away near her home in Viroflay Brianne was born in Chattanooga on February 5 She attended both Chattanooga School for the Liberal Arts and Chattanooga School for the Arts and Sciences She graduated from CSAS in 2007 before attending The University of Tennessee she majored in Spanish and studied in Puebla She graduated from Tennessee in 2011 with a Bachelor of Arts in Spanish Brianne served as a Spanish teacher in the middle school at Girls Preparatory School before moving to Atlanta to work as a sales consultant for Tootsies clothing After marrying the love of her life Etienne Florit in October 2018 Brianne moved to the Parisian suburb to start her new life with her husband and worked as an English teacher for adults in Paris Brianne was as talented and creative as she was physically beautiful fashion and travel.  She especially loved music She studied piano beginning at age 4 and performed countless recitals She played flute in the bands at both CSLA and CSAS and sang as a lead vocalist at Christ United Methodist Church.  Brianne's beauty and love of life was evident in everything she did.  She was caring and loved her family and friends selflessly and had a big heart for all animals especially her dogs Shelby and Lola.  Gentleness compassion and a childlike spirit connected her deeply with the special needs and under-privileged children with whom she volunteered She is survived by her husband Etienne Florit; parents Raymond and Rhonda Roddy; sister and brother at Christ United Methodist Church in “The Commons” (E Brainerd Road side of building) with pastor David Hall officiating In lieu of flowers, donations may be made in her honor to the Koinonia Foundation of Tennessee at kftn.org Visit www.heritagechattanooga.com to share condolences with the family. It is estimated the team caused €250,000 in damages to the public institution since August, and investigators plan to broaden their search into the whole year of 2016. Last year, Versailles received more than 7 million visitors. It is not the first time that a museum has been the victim of a counterfeit tickets. In 2010, a double ticketing scheme was uncovered at the museums of the city of Marseille. And in 2013, the Victoria & Albert Museum in London warned visitors to its David Bowie blockbuster of scalpers selling fake tickets. That same year, the Louvre found counterfeit tickets in the hands of foreign tourists. the site’s historic objects are still at risk of vandalism feature31 March 2020Mo people, mo problems: when busy shows go wrongThe cost of producing crowd-pulling shows can outstrip the cash they bring in Here are some of the downsides of being just too popular Would you like to see some of the Olympic events but haven't been lucky enough to get tickets Did you know that you can follow competitions for free Couldn’t get a ticket to the Olympics You can still take certain tests without paying a single cent Road cycling is one of the events that crosses the entire capital The women will cover 158 km and the men 273 km cyclists will start from the Alexandre III bridge and finish at Les Invalides We advise you to go to the Bois de Vincennes to welcome the athletes For both men’s and women’s races the start will be at Trocadéro and the finish at Butte Montmartre The men’s riders will pass through Saint-Germain-en-Laye and Élancourt where it will be easier to follow their exploits only the Grandstands on the Alexandre-III bridge at Les Invalides and at Trocadéro are ticketed you can see the athletes all along the course without a ticket This legendary Olympic event can also be seen without paying a single euro only the Grandstands on the Alexandre III bridge will be paying The rest of the route will be fully accessible You’ll be able to stand along the banks of the Seine and on the Champs-Elysées to cheer on these great sportsmen and women Like the triathlon, the marathon swim will start from the Alexandre III bridge (open only to ticket holders). But you’ll have plenty of time to cheer on the swimmers from the quays of the Seine giving you plenty of time to admire these champions The men’s and women’s events take place at 7:30 am How can we talk about the Olympics without mentioning the marathon This legendary 42.195 km event will run from the Hôtel de Ville to the esplanade des Invalides You can watch this legendary race all along the way We advise against departing from Hôtel de Ville and arriving at Les Invalides, which will be crowded and reserved for those who have their seats It’s best to visit more outlying areas such as Viroflay Pleasant places where marathon runners can be seen The marathon for all which will take place on the night of August 10 from 9pm will follow exactly the same route as the one for professional athletes So you can follow the performances of budding marathon runners in more open areas Young star Olive Nicholls scored an impressive double at Hursely Hambledon point-to-point at Larkhill in Wiltshire last weekend (26 November) Olive, 17, kicked off her day with a neat victory in the ladies’ open, riding her champion trainer father Paul Nicholls’ having previously been in the care of her mother Georgina Nicholls “My long-term aim is to train horses under Rules so to get my first winner as a trainer is amazing,” says Olive who was the 2022 novice ladies’ jockey point-to-point champion The move to training has come about after Georgina took out her licence to train under Rules in the summer “So the timing made sense and I now look after all of the pre-trainers that come in who is based at her mother’s yard in Oxfordshire “I’m very lucky to have great support around me Mum is still a huge part of making everything work but it was great to have her leading me up at the weekend!” laughs Olive who is a six-year-old by Air Chief Marshal has made an impressive return to the track after recovering from a leg injury and he exceeded expectations when winning at the weekend “I wasn’t sure he’d be quite fit enough,” says Olive “He doesn’t do a great deal at home and it’s hard to have them bang on the money first time out and I thought he’d take a while to settle and chill into his racing Last weekend was all about seeing where we were at but he now marks my first runner and first winner as a trainer “Viroflay is very special to me and my ultimate dream for him this year would be to take him to the Aintree Foxhunters,” explains Olive Nicholls who’s second victory arrived in the conditions (level two) nine-year-old and up when Sam Loxton sent her out on her father’s 13-year-old Shantou Flyer “We have a really great partnership and I’m very confident in him,” adds Olive he’s one I thought would need a run before winning I knew he wasn’t going to be beaten; he was like a three-year-old.” The surname Nicholls is one that has become synonymous with horseracing over the years And it looks as though that isn’t about to change any time soon Olive Nicholls, who recently turned 17, is following in her family’s footsteps and is already making a good impression on the horse world by riding an impressive 14 point-to-point winners from 37 rides to-date. She also secured the novice rider point-to-point championship last season Olive is a daughter of multiple champion National Hunt trainer Paul Nicholls, while her older sister Megan Nicholls had a successful career as a jockey before hanging up her boots to present racing on TV including being part of the ITV Racing team with whom Olive lives and for whom she currently rides has been riding and training in Oxfordshire on and off since the late 1990s originally under her maiden name of Browne “My life has always only been horses,” says Olive who is juggling riding with a BTEC business course “I’m very lucky to be in the position I am in but of course it does bring quite a lot of extra ties having the surname that I do There is definitely is a bit more pressure and I’m very aware that I put pressure on myself – I’m pretty tough on myself – but I’m trying to make the most of the fortunate position I’m in.” competing up to intermediate and two-star level and currently has two horses she plans to campaign in this sphere in 2023 “Eventing is now just my fun really,” she explains “This year I’d love to have a good shot at the junior team but there’s no pressure with that – I just want to enjoy it.” “I have to attend my business course three-and-a-half days per week which works pretty well around my riding,” she says “During the Christmas holidays I was riding out six lots for mum near Lambourn each morning then I rode my two eventers and then did evening stables Olive rides pointers predominantly for her mother and picks out Viroflay as one to watch this season “I think Viroflay is a very exciting horse He definitely keeps me on my toes and makes me work for it as he’s a bit of a funny fish a bit nuts and runs away with me at home regularly but we love him for it,” explains Olive of the six-year-old who is owned by her father Paul Nicholls along with John Bolton Viroflay most recently won his second point-to-point at Larkhill (1 January) by 12 lengths “The result was beyond my expectations and I nearly didn’t run him as he’s so inexperienced but he was an absolute pro and I’ve never ever had a feeling like that,” explains Olive Viroflay has just returned to racing after two years on the sidelines “He did a leg after two juvenile hurdle runs for dad and to be honest the injury was possibly the biggest blessing I’ve ever had because I wouldn’t have Viroflay otherwise “He was owned by the Stewart family and Andy Stewart very sadly passed away in 2022 so I think he was blessed into our hands really.” Olive says that she has been “extremely lucky” to ride some of the horses that she has gained experience on in point-to-points such as previous multiple National Hunt winners Virak and Shantou Flyer “The experienced horses taught me the most on the course and that is the only thing that’s going to take a jockey forward To have those older horses last season means that now I have have more knowledge to get on the younger horses this year and every teach them a bit as well.” In terms of this season Olive says that she will be building on last season’s experiences “Obviously now I’m not a novice rider [having won the title last season] there’s a bit of a jump up in competition,” she explains “I’d love to give the ladies’ national championship a go but I don’t think I’m in a position to secure it just yet I’d love to do better than I did last season though and I have a lot of personal goals; I’d love to get my category B licence and get some rides under Rules under my belt.” Olive takes no time in saying that she would like to go down the racehorse training route but if I thought I was going be good enough to be a professional jockey But I wouldn’t do that unless I thought I could really do it.” Note down the name Olive Nicholls – she is definitely one to follow The T6 is a new tramline that is being constructed in the suburbs of Paris in the General Council regions of Hauts-de-Se R&#233;gie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP) General Council of Yvelines and Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP) General Counsel of Yvelines (13%) and RATP (1%) Lohr Industrie and ETF-EUROVIA Railway Works The T6 is a new tramline that is being constructed in the suburbs of Paris in the General Council regions of Hauts-de-Seine and Yvelines It will be owned by the General Councils of Hauts-de-Seine and Yvelines and the operator Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP) It will provide improved transportation facilities between the two suburban Councils while integrating with Underground Line 13 Réseau Express Régional (RER) Line C and lines of Transilien Preconstruction works commenced in 2007 and construction works started in 2010 The project is scheduled for completion in 2015 RATP currently operates four tramlines (T1 T7 and T8) are planned to be opened by 2014 The 14km-long route will be between Chatillion and Viroflay and will pass through the municipalities of Clamart About 1.6km of the 14.6km route will be underground between Velizy-Villacoublay and Viroflay municipalities the tramway will pass along the side of the road The median at the street will be completely refurbished to provide space for pedestrians and bicycles The project is being undertaken with the aim of redistributing the increasing motor traffic and providing space for various modes of transportation It was registered with the State Region of France in 2000 and was approved by Syndicat des Transports (STIF) Preliminary studies and design were carried out during 2002-2005 followed by a public announcement in 2006 The estimated cost of the project is €385m excluding the taxes and cost of rolling stock The project is funded by the State (16%) General Counsel of Hauts-de-Seine (20%) General Counsel of Yvelines (13%) and RATP (1%) The first financial agreement was notified by STIF in August 2007 followed by the second and third in November 2008 and December 2009 respectively The 14km route is divided into 46 sections of 150m-300m each for the purpose of construction The surface works include construction of platforms and construction of a maintenance and storage facility at Velizy-Villacoublay The surface section is scheduled for completion in 2013 and opening in 2014 Construction of the underground section is scheduled to start in 2011 and will involve tunnel drilling Transportation infrastructure and urban development works will be performed by the respective General Councils in their territories RATP is responsible for the procurement of rolling stock The tramway will feature a total of 21 stations including 12 in the Hauts-de-Seine region and nine in the Yvelines Council The platforms in the Hauts-de-Seine region will be located in the centre of the road with space reserved on either sides of the platform for motor traffic There will be underground stations at Viroflay Rive Gauche and Rive Droite The platforms of these stations will be 20m deep from the surface Intersections at Paris Avenue / Boulevard de Stalingrad Place de la Division Leclerc and Church of St Francis de Sales will be re-designed to accommodate the tram The project will also feature 11 miles of bicycle path with parking space and landscapes on both the sides The signalling will include co-ordination of road and tram signals lights with sounds for pedestrian crossing at the signals and supervision systems The T6 project requires a rolling stock investment of €134m A contract worth €171.6m was awarded to Lohr Industrie and ETF-EUROVIA Railway Works in June 2010 for the supply of 28 Translohr STE 6 type trams The first tram will be delivered in June 2013 and the remaining 27 in September 2014 The tram can accommodate 250 passengers including 60 seated and two wheel chairs The low floor facilitates easy access for passengers with low mobility The trams will travel at a speed of 20km/h and will cover the entire route in 40 minutes They will be operated at a headway of four minutes during peak hours and seven minutes during non-peak hours Give your business an edge with our leading industry insights View all newsletters from across the GlobalData Media network Catherston Stud has paid tribute to tiny superstar Littledale Bright Star The 12.2hh Catherston Nightsafe stallion had been at Catherston since he was a weanling He is the only pony stallion to have achieved elite status owing to the international achievements of his offspring in all three Olympic disciplines Read all about this mini megastar Young star Olive Nicholls scored an impressive double, as well as her first win as a trainer, at Hursely Hambledon point-to-point at Larkhill in Wiltshire last weekend (26 November). Olive, 17, kicked off her day with a neat victory in the ladies’ open, riding her champion trainer father Paul Nicholls’ Find out more about Olive’s world right now a proud Yorkshireman with a passion for horses Roy was whipper-in for the Derwent for eight seasons and continued as a lifelong follower During the 1950s and ’60s he was a regular on the northern British Showjumping (BS) circuit the Fletchers and the Barkers to name just a few The highlight of his showjumping career came in 1960 when he competed in two jumping classes at Horse of the Year Show on the home-produced horse King Pin (Manilla) Obituary: Roy Robinson The page you are looking for was not found Here are some links to help you find creative ideas in the big city Celebrating creativity and promoting a positive culture by spotlighting the best sides of humanity—from the lighthearted and fun to the thought-provoking and enlightening The race had been reduced to a match following the withdrawals of JP McManus-owned pair Jamaicaine and Rock On Rita with the Harry Derham-trained Loud And Proud who won by nine and a half lengths on her previous start the six-year-old couldn't shake off the attention of Ballygelly who had been beaten 42 lengths on her chase debut and was pulled up on her first start after wind surgery at Taunton in February The Bishop-trained mare, fitted with a first-time hood and upped in trip, led at the second-last before powering 15 lengths clear to record a first success over fences under David Noonan who told Racing TV afterwards: "Halfway down the far side I thought the horse in front of me was not getting any further away and when I managed to get upsides her she came off the bridle as well Stuart Edmunds could have been forgiven for thinking it was not his day when saddling the runner-up in the first two races but he still managed to come away from the Norfolk venue with a double The Turner Trophy, handed out for success in the closing hunter chase, was kept in the family as Good Source Nick Luck spared £5,000 bonus payout as Viroflay runs out dominant winner of hunter chase  Looking for free bets? Racing Post have got the best offers, all in one place. Visit racingpost.com/freebets to find out more