Yudono Yanuar The cause of death of Palu journalist Situr Wijaya who was found in a hotel in West Jakarta on Friday The Jakarta Metro Police stated that the preliminary autopsy results indicated that the online media journalist from Insulteng.id passed away due to a lung infection there are indications of lung infection," said the Head of Public Relations of the Jakarta Metro Police The victim was indicated to have a lung infection According to the doctor's examination results the infection is suspected to be caused by tuberculosis Ade was quoted from his official statement on Monday Ade stated that from the investigation at the crime scene several drugs were found in the hotel room where the victim was found Some of the drugs were for treating the infection the police will still confirm the cause of death of the journalist from Palu He said that further examinations will be conducted soon.The family confirmed that Situr was suffering from a lung infection "Situr Wijaya has been undergoing routine treatment for TB disease for the past three months," said Syahrul Situr regularly undergoes treatment every two weeks Situr receives treatment at one of the health centers in the Sigi Regency which is Situr's original domicile.However the family is still hesitant to conclude the cause of Situr's death The family is still awaiting the examination results from the police we still want to confirm other suspected causes of the deceased's death," said Syahrul Situr Wijaya was found dead on Friday night He was believed to have passed away on Friday night around 10:25 PM the hotel staff only called an ambulance to transport the body the next day who are the legal representatives of the owner and the ambulance driver with the initials SF and AS who transported the body of journalist Situr Wijaya from the hotel stated that the victim had requested for an ambulance to be ordered to take him to the nearest hospital "Our clients' (SF and AS) presence at the hotel was due to an order from a woman who claimed to be a close friend of the victim and stated that the journalist was sick and requested to be taken to the nearest hospital in Kebon Jeruk," said Subadria in her statement received on Monday Stein said that initially the client received an ambulance order via chat which essentially requested the patient to be taken from the hotel in Kebun Jeruk to the nearest hospital "Upon our clients' arrival at the hotel room it was observed that Situr Wijaya was already lying down and appeared to have passed away for several hours," she said Stein also explained that while at the hotel the woman who ordered the ambulance claimed to be a friend of the journalist Subadria also mentioned that according to her client's statement there were no visible wounds on Situr Wijaya and as per the preliminary results from the investigators there was no evidence of physical violence Subadria Nuka and Stein Siahaan accompanied the witnesses SF and AS during the examination at the Jakarta Metro Police on Sunday "Our clients SF and AS are witnesses to the Police Report LP/B/2261/IV/2025/SPKT/Jakarta Metro Police on the alleged murder reported by the legal representatives of the deceased journalist's family from Palu Previously, Situr Wijaya's legal representative stated that his client passed away suddenly at a hotel in Jakarta on Friday, April 4, 2025, and was suspected to be a victim of violence leading to murder "We have filed a report with the Jakarta Metro Police regarding the alleged crime of murder as referred to in Article 338 of the Criminal Code," said Rogate Oktoberius Halawa the legal representative of Situr Wijaya's family Situr's body has been flown to Palu and buried in Desa Bangga Editor’s Choice: Palu Journalist Found Dead in Jakarta Hotel, Attorney: Victim Allegedly Murdered Click here to get the latest news updates from Tempo on Google News Prabowo's Reason for Involving the Military in Food Matters Prabowo Open to Meeting Retired Military 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Hygiene is Essential, Medical Gloves Are Not a Substitute List of Baeksang Arts Awards 2025 Winners KOSTCON 2025, the First Largest K-Drama OST Concert in Jakarta, to Take Place on August 2nd 10 Best Cities to Visit in Japan Besides Tokyo to Add to Your Bucket List 10 Recommended Budget-Friendly Tourist Destinations in the United States Nickel boosts ‘east coast’ politics in Central Sulawesi My plan was to transit briefly before heading to the nickel town of Morowali a poster caught my eye: a Morowali household face For those familiar with Central Sulawesi’s political terrain long-standing ‘power-sharing’ arrangement that had structured all the previous elections was crumbling The spidery geography of the central part of Sulawesi Island is key to it candidates from the west coast held the provincial governorship Their vice-governors came from the east coast – including the three Banggai regencies (Most regencies used to be small sultanates in the colonial era) Here’s what was new: Anwar was the former regent of Morowali the easternmost regency with only 5 per cent of the provincial population while his running mate Reny was part of the Kaili aristocracy from Palu Spurred by two decades of ‘nickel fever’ and the mega-project of building a new national capital in nearby Kalimantan Central Sulawesi has transitioned rapidly from an agriculture-dominant economy to an extractive and manufacturing hub and construction combined contributed more than 60 per cent of provincial GDP agriculture dropped from 34 per cent to 16 per cent This transition has been underpinned by the east coast Hosting several nickel-iron industrial parks Morowali alone contributed 44 per cent of the province’s GDP Behind these figures lies not only a 6 per cent annual economic growth rate Several rock stars in a row flew up to give free concerts The radius of nickel money had expanded from Morowali to the provincial capital Two out of the three candidates for governor came from the same village in Morowali regency ‘A governor’s race has essentially become a village head race,’ a friend joked This article aims to situate this election within the context of Central Sulawesi’s changing political economy these past two decades These shifts call for a new political imagination in the coming decade Extractive industries are reshaping traditional political arrangements Central Sulawesi is a microcosm of broader resource politics in Indonesia The scene along the Palu-Donggala road mirrored Morowali were ushering in a new era for the west coast Limestone mining has escalated sharply since 2019 The permit authority for quarrying so-called ‘C-level’ material has always been held by the province This has created space for local manoeuvring Fast-rolling mining money is like an economic opiate The geographical proximity between Central Sulawesi and East Kalimantan fortified its importance as a source of cheap then-president Jokowi inaugurated two ports in Donggala to facilitate the delivery of construction materials for the IKN ‘Perhaps almost all the materials (for IKN) come from here Central Sulawesi smiles,’ he jubilantly declared Jokowi framed IKN as a move from Java-centrism to Indonesia-centrism something Indonesian development history has not seen much of Compared to the lengthy bureaucratic process of obtaining permits for critical minerals or coal It attracted hundreds of local entrepreneurs 258 non-metal mining permits operated across hundreds of hectares A relatively small mining area and workforce presented an ‘even’ opportunity for those with capital and political ties but an uneven imposition on many coastal communities as well as fishermen squeezed out of their livelihood as the seawater turned murky Affected villagers had erected boldly capitalised The slogan bluntly connected their everyday dust with Nusantara city: ‘IKN Damages the Lungs of the World and Palu-Donggala Community’ (IKN Merusak Paru-Paru Dunia dan Masyarakat Palu-Donggala) Though Jatam tried to bring affected people together in the Palu-Donggala Petition Coalition (Koalisi Petisi Palu-Donggala) the resistance remains local and highly place-based The goal of village-NGO collaboration is to revoke the mining permits based on a patchwork of fragmented concessions The list of companies digging up the land goes on and on Nature will not return easily to what it was before The 2024 gubernatorial race featured ex-governor Rusdy Mastura from Palu and two east coast candidates: Ahmad Ali and Anwar Hafid The latter are both products—and architects—of the east coast nickel boom He embodies many tensions between politics and business He may well be Central Sulawesi’s first oligarch-politician after a series of setbacks in national politics he returned to Palu for his third electoral campaign that year is one of only a few Chinese Indonesians settled on the east coast Haji Sun amassed wealth through a variety of ‘broker’ businesses typical of the pre-nickel era primarily trading in forest products and construction contracts Renowned for his generosity and mosque donations This is a survival strategy for this minority in an area charged with ethnic-religious frictions He is known to be strongly opposed to Ali's political passion carefully erased any public trace of his Chinese heritage He pursued both politics and Islam with fervor he started as a construction contractor across the province in the 1990s he got into nickel mining some time before 2010 Ali’s two mining companies - PT Graha Mining Utama and PT Oti Eya Abadi - together hold over 5,000 hectares of former Rio Tinto and Inco concessions His formal political career includes an unsuccessful bid for Morowali regent in 2012 and a successful one for the national parliament (DPR RI) Ali has built a prominent political dynasty His wife Nilam Sari Lawira serves as a DPR RI member his elder son Anugerah Pratama sits in the Palu district parliament and his younger sister Arnila (Haji Cica) holds a seat in the Central Sulawesi provincial parliament The scale of Ali’s political investment is elusive but the 2024 gubernatorial campaign is believed to have been the most expensive ever in Central Sulawesi featuring hundreds of pilgrimage coupons (umroh) and provincial tours with famous preachers (ustadz) this intensified competition and political manoeuvring The winning candidate eventually was Anwar Hafid Rooted in local politics for more than three decades he cleared the way for the nickel boom and the Indonesia Morowali Industrial Park (IMIP) His authority in this period reached unprecedented heights His direct confrontation with the UK giant Rio Tinto over mining permits was an unusual footnote in the story of Indonesia’s decentralization what Anwar Hafid facilitated was a shift of ownership from TNCs to more diffused As both an aggressive issuer of mining licences and a promoter of social welfare programs Anwar embodied the complexities of governing a resource-rich region during a moment of rapid expansion Anwar Hafid was at the same time using the money to pilot some popular redistribution programs like free health and education including college But I am proud (bangga) that they are there.’ vendors from Java’ reaped the largest share sons of Morowali from business and politics The ‘east coast problem’ - how to manage and distribute rapid resource wealth - now haunts the whole province I read this as the deeper reason behind the rise of two east coast candidates Nickel not only brings wealth for a certain class but also generates new political imaginations an activist friend explained his support for Ali How to oppose ‘Jakarta’ if one is from Jakarta The hope invested in Ali is not so much about what he will do Amid the sprouting anger over unjust distribution between periphery and centre while leaving open the question of how an oligarchic local miner like Ali could really be a fighter for redistribution The classic question of Indonesian politics is ‘sharing the goods’ (bagi hasil) This question has now been inflicted on the provincial elites too Is it possible to imagine a politics of distribution just as production volumes are ramping up to unprecedented heights How to turn economic growth into real social welfare Could Anwar Hafid’s ‘free’ programs pave the way for a politics of distribution in a resource-rich province Central Sulawesi needs to inject their politics with a long-term vision it may be left with nothing once the impending depletion arrives Jiahui Zeng (jiahuizeng@outlook.com) is a PhD candidate at the Department of Sociology and Institute for International and Area Studies Receive Inside Indonesia's latest articles and quarterly editions in your inbox For a decade, this popular and unique bi-national short film festival has been bringing Australian and Indonesian audiences together to celebrate and enjoy the work of talented and emerging filmmakers from both countries. © Copyright Indonesian Resources and Information 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Volume 9 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2022.890603 Preliminary research analyzed the Coseismic Ionospheric Disturbances (CIDs) of the strike-slip earthquake that occurred in Palu on September 28 2018 (Mw = 7.5) and the materialization of a TEC anomaly with an amplitude of 0.4 TECU approximately 10–15 min later The TEC anomaly amplitude is also affected by the magnitude of the earthquake moment; therefore 3D analysis is needed to determine the spatial distribution of the ionospheric disturbances This research aims to analyze the ionospheric disturbance of an earthquake in 3D using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) from the Geospatial Information Agency (BIG) or InaCORS stations spread over Sulawesi and Java with a 30 s sampling interval using GLONASS and GPS satellites The checkerboard accuracy test was also carried out to evaluate the reliability of the 3D tomography model The result showed that CIDs occur to the north and south of the epicenter around the equator the tomography results indicate the presence of dominant and positive anomaly values at an altitude of 300–500 km This follows the characteristics of variations in the ionosphere layer where an altitude of 300–500 km is included in the F layer The dominant anomaly at an altitude of 300 km is in accordance with the theory of the ionosphere’s height which experiences maximum ionization at an altitude of ∼300 km (F layer) by Chapman’s profile We also conducted preseismic studies of ionospheric anomalies before the earthquake as an additional analysis This also analyzed the CID of earthquakes and electron density anomalies using InaCORS (Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station) and GNSS-TEC data we also conducted a study related to preseismic anomalies from 40 days before the earthquake as an additional analysis This condition is important because it enables shallow LOS penetration with the CID wavefront (A) The distributions of GNSS stations from InaCORS (black triangle) used in the 2018 Palu Earthquake The yellow star marks the epicenter of the 2018 Palu earthquake with a magnitude of 7.5 Mw that occurred at 10:02:44 UT (B) The distribution of LoS over the area blocks tomography with different colored lines used to represent each on the satellite A Slant TEC (STEC) value was obtained from the GNSS phase difference data conversion process between L1 (∼1.5 GHz) and L2 (∼1.2 GHz) using an ionospheric linear combination as follows: (A) Time series changes in TEC for the 2018 Palu Earthquake at 9.5–11 UT by GPS atellite 21 and 25 (B) Trajectories of SIP during the 2018 Palu Earthquake and a large yellow star indicate the epicenter’s location The LoS will have an intersection point with the ionosphere when the GNSS satellites transmit microwave signals in both L1 and L2 frequencies. This intersection is called an ionospheric pierce point (IPP) at an altitude of ∼300 km, and its projection onto the earth’s surface is named a sub-ionospheric point (SIP). The SIP position is calculated using the formula developed by Klobuchar (1987) This research was conducted using satellites with no threshold or null elevation angles After determining the STEC anomaly value, it is distributed to the cube block passed by the beam (LoS) by considering its individual length. The checkerboard test model area is made the same as the LoS distribution area, as shown in Figure 1. The trajectory plotting result of GPS and GLONASS satellites in the 2018 Palu Earthquake was found at 9,5—10,5 UT, as shown in Figure 2B The GPS satellites which orbit during an earthquake are numbers 5 The one-direction geometric condition between the epicenter and the GPS receiver was not found in this case. CIDs appeared after the mainshock and were detected by GPS satellites 21 and 25 with maximum amplitudes of 0.4 TECU (Cahyadi et al., 2022). This led to changes in STEC modeled using the reference curves obtained by fitting cubic polynomials of time to the vertical TEC (VTEC) (Ozeki and Heki 2010) Scheme of the ionosphere divided into voxels The basic function (δ) equals 1 for the darker cubes (i.e. those “illuminated” by the ray) and 0 otherwise The penetration length is the distance between the two intersections of LoS with the block surface using simple geometric calculations in Eq. 2 from Fernandez (2004). Since the research area spans only a few degrees in latitude, the Earth is considered a sphere (its fattening is neglected) with an average radius. Figure 1B shows the geometry of LoS penetrating the blocks at an altitude of 300 km The set of equation 2 for all LoS is written in a matrix form as where y is a vector composed of STEC anomaly (∆STECi) X is a vector composed of unknown parameters in the form of STEC anomaly in each block (x) Value of X can be estimated using the following equation: a few times as large as the typical error for differential GNSS VTEC measurements which is consistent with the post-fit STEC residuals The resolution of 3D tomography and its accuracy will be further discussed in this research A standard way to investigate the reliability of the 3D tomography solution is through the checkerboard resolution test. While conducting the checkerboard test, the real satellite/station geometry was kept while the STEC data were synthesized. The electron density anomalies were assumed at ±0.50×1011 electrons/m3, as shown in Figure 4-upper panel (A) The 3D pattern of electron density anomalies for the checkerboard resolution test (B) Results of the checkerboard resolution test of the pattern This is because only a few stations are used in the area and the observed satellite objects are only GPS and GLONASS A second resolution test was also conducted to strengthen the tomographic modeling results by recovering a pattern consisting of a pair of positive and negative anomalies (0.6 × 1011 el/m3) at low and high altitudes, respectively, on a neutral background (Figures 5A,C, as an input). The result, shown in Figures 5B,D the assumed pattern of the positive anomaly is reduced to ∼2/3 the amplitude of the input model due to constraints at altitude of 300 and 400 km positive and negative anomalies in the latitude profile recovered properly with only weak smears in the surrounding blocks not exceeding a few percent of the assumed anomalies Tomography results of the 2018 Palu Earthquake at 10.16 UT in difference altitude We performed a statistical test using residual values from the results of 3D tomography modelling. The test was carried out by comparing the distribution results of the post-fit STEC in five epochs, as shown in Figure 8 The post-fit residual showed much smaller dispersion and its standard deviation is similar to the assumed STEC observation errors (0.2 TECU) The results before and after modeling showed a decrease in the standard deviation value This decrease in value indicates that the results of the 3D tomographic disturbance of the ionosphere have been well modeled Distribution of STEC anomaly input (orange) and post-fit residue (blue) Distribution of TEC and SIP anomalies on 3D tomographic models of the 2018 Palu Earthquake at 10.16 UT (∼13 minutes after the earthquake) Black circle is the SIP where CIDs occur that are detected from GPS satellites 21 and 25 Even though the voxel is not a block area that contains a positive anomaly this is because the satellite detects a small anomaly value (STEC) so that the detected anomaly is not red (strong negative anomaly) or along a right-lateral east-west striking fault (B) Earthquake focal mechanisms of the 28 September 2018 Palu Earthquake Moment tensor values were obtained from the Global CMT Catalog website From the processing results, we analyze the magnitude of the deviation that occurs in the time series as in Supplementary Figure S5. It can be said to be an anomaly if the deviation >±30% (Danilov, 2022). The deviation was found at DOY 231—234 which is Dst Index value was checked from https://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dst_provisional/ The absolute value of the Dst Index shows relatively low values < 50 nT which means that the geomagnetic activity is relatively calm and the resulting anomaly is likely a precursor indicating that the anomaly was created by electron transport in different ionospheric layers This research analyzed the 3D tomography of the ionospheric electron density anomalies of the 2018 Palu Earthquake (Mw7.5) using GNSS-TEC data observed by InaCORS spread in Sulawesi The CID anomaly was observed 10–15 min after its occurrence with an amplitude of 0.4 TECU Based on the 3D tomography modeling results we observed changes in the ionosphere layer during an earthquake until CID occurred (10.03 UT—10.20 UT) ∼13 min after the earthquake (10.16 UT) the southern region of the epicenter experienced an increase in the number of electrons indicated by a positive anomaly The 3D model results of the 2018 Palu Earthquake are shown at an altitude of 100–800 km The tomography results indicate the dominant anomaly value at an altitude of 300 km This is explainable by Chapman’s Model which experiences maximum ionization at an altitude of ∼300 km (F layer) The data shows noise near the epicenter caused by foreshocks and aftershocks a few hours before and after the mainshock To test the reliability of the performed tomographic 3D model The accuracy test results show that the lower altitude of 100 km gives better results than 200 km This is because the area with lots/full LoS gives good accuracy test results The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material; further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author Conceptualization: MC and IM; methodology: RR and MW; software: MP; validation: MC and BM; formal analysis: MC and RR; investigation: DA and MW; writing—original draft preparation: MC and MW; writing—review and editing: IM and MP; visualization: DA; supervision: MC and IM; and funding acquisition: DA and BM All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript This research was funded by the project scheme of the Publication Writing-IPR Incentive Program (PPHKI) 2022 The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher The authors thank the three reviewers and editor for the constructive reviews that improving the quality of the article They are grateful to the Geospatial Information Agency (BIG) for the GNSS data and the project scheme of the Publication Writing-IPR Incentive Program (PPHKI) 2022 The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspas.2022.890603/full#supplementary-material Strike-slip Earthquakes Can Also Be Detected in the Ionosphere CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Google Scholar Ionospheric Storms-A Challenge for Empirical Forecast of the Total Electron Content CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Coseismic Ionospheric Disturbances (CID) after West Sumatra Earthquake 2016 Using GNSS-TEC and Possibility of Early Warning System during the Event CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar 3D Tomography of Ionospheric Anomalies After the 2020 Turkey Earthquake and Tsunami Using GNSS-TEC Google Scholar Coseismic Ionospheric Disturbance of the Large Strike-Slip Earthquakes in North Sumatra in 2012: Mw Dependence of the Disturbance Amplitudes CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Ionospheric Disturbances of the 2007 Bengkulu and the 2005 Nias Earthquakes CrossRef Full Text | 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M 7.5 - 72 Km N of Palues. AvaliableAt: https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us1000h3p4/executive#dyfi (accessed on October 20 Google Scholar Putra ME and Wulansari M (2022) Three-Dimensional Tomography of Coseismic Ionospheric Disturbances Following the 2018 Palu Earthquake and Tsunami from GNSS Measurements Received: 06 March 2022; Accepted: 21 June 2022;Published: 08 August 2022 Copyright © 2022 Cahyadi, Arisa, Muafiry, Muslim, Rahayu, Putra and Wulansari. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited in accordance with accepted academic practice distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms *Correspondence: Mokhamad Nur Cahyadi, Y2FoeWFkaUBnZW9kZXN5Lml0cy5hYy5pZA== Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish peratives from the National Police's Counterterrorism Special Detachment 88 (Densus 88) and the Central Sulawesi Police’s Mobile Brigade (Brimob) apprehended three terrorist suspects in Palu city and Tojo Una-Una regency The three individuals are believed to be linked to the Eastern Indonesia Mujahidin (MIT) network MIT is a terrorist network operating in the mountainous areas of the Poso Parigi Moutong and Sigi regencies of Central Sulawesi. The group is closely linked to Jamaah Islamiyah (JI) the former pivotal figure in Indonesia’s terrorist movement: Abu Bakar Ba’asyir.  The police apprehended a suspected terrorist identified as W in Ampana district of Tojo Una-Una Regency two individuals with the initials AS and RR were taken into custody W was arrested at a relative's house on Jl where he had been staying for the past month He had been a fugitive for 11 years and was on the wanted list said he was unaware of W’s presence in the house Delivered straight to your inbox three times weekly this curated briefing provides a concise overview of the day's most important issues covering a wide range of topics from politics to culture and society Please check your email for your newsletter subscription “W’s relatives never reported his presence to the neighborhood unit,” he said He added that the arrest served as a lesson for the residents because they must make a report if they have guests or relatives coming to stay with them to avoid such incidents The arrests followed an announcement made two weeks earlier by Coordinating Political and Security Affairs Minister Budi Gunawan regarding Indonesia’s improved ranking on the global terrorism index (GTI) Indonesia's ranking improved to 31st from 24th the year before placing it in the "Low Impacted by Terrorism" category “This achievement is the result of extraordinary collaborative efforts from all parties both in terms of prevention and law enforcement,” Budi said at an event in Jakarta on Dec Budi said these achievements did not mean the threat of terrorism was over The government’s major task ahead is now to maintain the current situation especially given the ease of cyberspace abuse that can accelerate radicalization the presence of the state can provide a sense of security for all citizens through protection both in the physical world and in cyberspace which has the potential to be misused for terrorism," Budi said Quickly share this news with your network—keep everyone informed with just a single click Customize your reading experience by adjusting the text size to small or large—find what’s most comfortable for you 1/24/2025 Indonesia (International Christian Concern) — Muslims in Palu City recently called for authorities to reject the 2025 Palu Friendship Festival citing a specific pastor’s scheduled appearance Central Sulawesi’s Communion of Evangelical Churches and Institutions (PGLII) organized the festival The Palu City Aqidah Guarding Alliance (AJA) represents Muslims protesting the event An AJA representative stated that the promotion of the festival has been excessive and threatens religious tolerance in Central Sulawesi have been prominent throughout Palu City leading up to the festival “We reject the implementation of the 2025 Palu Friendship Festival and request that the festival billboards that have been spread at various points in Palu City be immediately removed,” said Ari Fachri during a demonstration in front of the Palu mayor’s office on Jan known to attract Muslims to his large faith healing events claims that they can be healed with faith in Christ “We ask the government to be more assertive in responding to similar activities in the future to maintain peace and harmony between religious communities,” said Ustad Hartono, another representative of the Muslim protesters Islamic organizations conducted demonstrations to cancel this event The Central Sulawesi Interfaith Harmony Forum (FKUB) has since suggested that Pastor Youngren’s activities occur in a closed place To read more news stories, visit the ICC Newsroom. For interviews, please email [email protected].  And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love him who have been called according to his purpose Antara TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - Situr Wijaya, a journalist from Palu in Central Sulawesi was found dead in a hotel room in Jakarta on Friday His legal representative suspects that his client suddenly died as a result of violence leading to murder "We have reported to the Jakarta Metropolitan Police for alleged criminal act of murder as regulated in Article 338 of the Indonesian Criminal Code," said Rogate Oktoberius Halawa This was stated in the Police Report number LP/B/2261/IV/2025/SPKT/Polda Metro Jaya He explained that this action was taken after observing anomalies in the victim's death the victim's family suspected that the victim died from being murdered This suspicion arose from the victim's condition in the photos; blood coming from the nose and mouth and a cut on the back of the neck," he said they are currently awaiting the results of the autopsy conducted by the police "The autopsy has been conducted at the Indonesian National Police Hospital The results were said to be released soon due to public attention," he said Situr Wijaya was an editor and the chief of Insulteng.id news portal It is unknown why Situr traveled to Jakarta Situr Wijaya's body was sent on Saturday to his hometown in Palu City and is headed to the funeral home in the Sigi Regency stated that he would assist with the repatriation expense of Situr's body the Governor of Central Sulawesi had provided financial aid amounting to Rp25 million The death of Situr occurred shortly after the murder of young journalist Juwita from South Kalimantan The 22-year-old journalist from Newsway was found dead on March 22 a member of the Indonesian Navy Al Kelasi Satu Jumran is suspected as the perpetrator of the murder Investigators from the Navy Police Detachment at the Banjarmasin Navy Base conducted a crime scene investigation of Juwita's murder and the disposal of her body on the edge of the Gunung Kupang-Kiram trans road Suspect Jumran was presented directly during the crime scene investigation From the reconstruction video of the crime scene investigation received by Tempo Jumran acted out 33 scenes involving riding the victim's automatic motorcycle with license plate DA 6913 LCS and the murder inside a rented car The suspect got off on the right side of the motorcycle then forcefully pushed the handlebar of the motorcycle," said the investigator in the video Sumedi contributed to the writing of this article Editor's Choice: Remembering Juwita: A Sharp, Brilliant Journalist, Allegedly Killed by a Navy Officer the First Largest K-Drama OST Concert in Jakarta Tripdvisor Reveals the Best Hotel in the World for 2025 Another Street Brawl Erupts in Jakarta's Manggarai Area Indonesia's Cardinal Suharyo Arrives in Vatican for Papal Conclave Jakarta Police Blame Infiltrators for Labor Day Rally Unrest Tempo Jakarta - Hills in Palu are being cleared The soil and sand are being excavated to build the Nusantara Capital City and food estates ONE by one, the hills in Central Sulawesi have disappeared. Rocks and sand have been extracted on a huge scale to build the Nusantara Capital City (IKN) in East Kalimantan and for the food estate project in Merauke This has made the formerly green hills in Palu Bay and Donggala pockmarked and dry Throughout 2024, the harbourmaster’s office and the Palu Bay Port Authority recorded a 7.4 million tons of class C excavated products have been sent to the IKN and other regions Class C refers to material in the form of rocks extraction of class C materials in the province has ravaged an area of 100,362 hectares—equivalent to three times the area of Yogyakarta Mining companies have destroyed hills only 100 to 200 meters from roads and housing The people of Central Sulawesi are right to be angry because their hills and land have been destroyed in order to fulfill the ambition of the government to build the IKN and food estates—two National Strategic Projects that have not been properly planned and bring more disadvantages than advantages This extraction has only increased the income of regional governments and benefited a small number of local elites while the general public has to bear the burden of the destruction The extraction that is damaging the environment in Central Sulawesi has triggered many disasters such as landslides and flooding during the rainy season According to the National Disaster Mitigation Agency the mining indirectly caused the inundation of gravel and mud in Palu in September 2024 which also damaged the Palu-Donggala axis road Even without this destructive intervention the soil in Palu is prone to liquefaction because it is dominated by sand and small stones and the water table is very close to the surface Sulawesi is also the meeting point of the Eurasia The extraction that has removed these hills and the logging in Palu has worsened the quality of the land and water meaning that there is a higher risk of liquefaction This extraction has also caused air pollution According to the Central Sulawesi Mining Advocacy Network the level of PM2.5 fine dust particles increased in May 2024 in Palu Measurements of air quality carried out by the Lore Lindu-Bariri Global Atmospheric Observation Station show that the level of fine particles has reached 69 micrograms per cubic meter There are indications that dangerous dust from the type C extraction has caused acute respiratory infections in 2,422 people more serious complications could include heart and lung disease These negative impacts show how far these national strategic projects have deviated from the government’s promises Instead of distributing development equally they have evened out environmental destruction The soil from Central Sulawesi has been overexploited for the sake of projects in other regions with no consideration of the impact on the region where it has been taken from This type of project must be stopped because the negative impacts are too serious to be ignored Read the Complete Story in Tempo English Magazine Halal Label, But Haram The Customary Forest Recognition Sweetener The Sea Barrier is Not Simply a Matter of Documentation The Lifelong Good Example of Pope Francis The Political Motive Behind the Red-and-White Cooperatives Keep the Promise to Eliminate Import Quotas Empty Promises of a Clean Judiciary Intimidation for Opponents of the TNI Law Revision Free Nutritious Meal Project for Family and Friends A Problem Reserve from the Food Reserve IKN Development Secures Rp13.5 Trillion Budget A Deep Breath to Opposing Problematic Projects Autopsy Shows Palu Journalist Died Due to Lung Infection; Here's What the Family Says Palu Journalist Found Dead in Jakarta Hotel Muhammadiyah Urges Prabowo to Halt Rempang Eco City Project Indonesia's Bappenas and Japan Partner on IKN Development ICW: Corruption in National Strategic Projects Causes Rp2.7bn State Loss Empty Words in the War Against Online Gambling Abdul Manan TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - An earthquake with a magnitude of 6.1 shook Palu and its surrounding regions on Tuesday night According to information reported on the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) website the land-based tremor has an epicenter of 42 kilometers southeast of Parigi Moutong The earthquake occurred at 91 kilometers deep with coordinates of 0.53 Northern Latitude and 121.18 Longitude East "Be careful of subsequent aftershocks," wrote BMKG on its website on Tuesday This earthquake was felt in Palu and surrounding cities Earthquake vibrations with a scale of II-III MMI were felt in Bone Bolango Regency; a scale of III MMI was felt in Gorontalo Regency vibrations are felt clearly by people inside houses an earthquake's shaking is felt by many people inside and outside of houses Editor’s Choice: BMKG Warns of Extreme Weather during Isra Miraj and Chinese New Year Holidays Click here to get the latest news updates from Tempo on Google News Jobs That AI Will Replace: Is Your Current Job at Risk? 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The Flores Island event was a shallow dipping thrust which triggered a coastal slide (Imamura et al., 1995), but there is no marine mapping to validate the slide size or volume. The Gulf of Izmit event is similar to Palu, with a strike-slip earthquake along the very active North Anatolian Fault, which triggered coastal landslides (Altinok et al., 2001) But again these landslides have not been mapped This makes Palu an important event in that not only to fully investigate tsunami generation and coastal impact and their contributions to tsunami hazard; and for the latter to confirm the importance of including dispersive effects in tsunami modeling The improved understanding and modeling of the Palu event in this work can help identify and more fully assess tsunami coastal hazards resulting from other similar tectonic environments who modeled the supershear seabed deformation as a function of space and time Note that the latter more advanced study predicted a 1.5 m maximum vertical seabed motion Overview of main characteristics of earlier studies of the 2018 Palu event and tsunami modeling Other coseismic mechanisms, derived from geodetic observations, yield larger vertical seabed motions and, therefore, could be more tsunamigenic (e.g.,∼3 m just south of the Balaesang Peninsula, Figure 1A, Song et al., 2019; Fang et al., 2019; He et al., 2019) are not within Palu Bay but farther north and particularly the fast arrival of large waves that impacted Palu City (the timing of events and waves will be detailed later) Some have also argued (e.g., Ulrich et al., 2019) that the horizontal fault movement along the steep slope margins of Palu Bay resulted in an increased vertical water displacement causing elevated runups, in the manner proposed by Tanioka and Satake (1996) in our simulations of the three selected coseismic sources we included this additional effect of enhanced vertical displacement as a function of the predicted horizontal fault movement The main challenge here, however, with the single earthquake mechanism, is that it cannot explain the timing of the tsunami impacts along the Bay from the coastal landslides reported in the survivor accounts and seen in video evidence, on land and in that captured by aircraft pilot Mafella flying over the bay shortly after the earthquake happened (Figure 2) but they: 1) did not model the tsunami generation from the landslides directly and 2) did not simulate an additional earthquake mechanism Finally all the landslide modeling studies to date simulated tsunami propagation with a non-dispersive model From tsunami timing information in the aircraft pilot and other videos we infer that there was a short delay in the triggering of the landslides by the earthquake that we use in modeling and show that this improves the agreement with observations we detail and analyze tsunami observations present the modeling methodology and data used to define tsunami sources and bathymetry/topography in model grids and combined earthquake/landslide tsunami simulations in Section 4 we discuss the results and offer conclusions and perspectives for future work In the following, we define t=0 as the start of the 2018 Palu event (10:02:45 AM UTC), i.e., the time the earthquake rupture begins at the epicenter (yellow star in Figure 1A) showing a train of shorter period waves arriving 2–3 min before the tide gauge registers any tsunami wave activity the Pantoloan tide gauge data is compared to model results with these observations in mind The combination of video evidence and supershear earthquake travel time can be used to estimate the time after rupture initiation that ground shaking began at various locations around Palu Bay horizontal and vertical deformations begin at Wani at t=11 s which is also in agreement with the video evidence The aircraft reached 1,000 ft altitude at 10:02:59 UTC or t=14 s Seismic travel time estimates are thus consistent with the aircraft flight log Observations made by Carvajal et al. (2019) on their archived videos are analyzed in the following, and their time series of surface elevation estimated at various locations are plotted in Figure 4: Although this estimated crest elevation is larger than based on the videos at the house its timing is consistent with that of Carvajal et al.’s; additionally the ship observation confirms there was a large depression wave (trough) preceding the crest with a −2 m trough followed by a 2.5 m elevation wave This is consistent with waves inferred from the video recorded in Wani those shorter and higher waves were filtered out by the gauge (dashed black line) • Supplementary Video S14, at Dupa (−0.8204∘N, 119.8811∘E; D in Figure 1B) begins some time after the earthquake shaking. Carvajal et al. (2019) estimated that the sea withdrawal started at t=105 s and Figure 4C shows the short time series of surface elevation estimated here with a ∼ −1.5 m trough • In Supplementary Video S13, at Talise (−0.8589∘N, 119.8789∘E; T in Figure 1B), the water begins to withdraw at t=39 s, followed by a large wave striking the shore at t≃39 s, as confirmed by the people transitioning from walking to running away from the coast. Figure 4D shows the short time series of surface elevation estimated here with a −1.3 m trough followed by a ∼2 m crest with two waves with a −2.0 and 2.5 m largest trough and crest Runups referenced to MSL were transformed to MSL +1 m to account for the tide elevation at the time of the tsunami in nested grids of increasing resolution toward the shore The grid data and modeling methodology are detailed next corresponding to their earthquake sources that are simulated in this work Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency (BIG) six arc-sec bathymetric BATNAS dataset coastline (white line) plotted in the area of grid SG with overlaid georeferenced satellite image from Google EarthTM showing the discrepancy between the BATNAS coastline and the actual coastline Red line shows the coastline inferred from the combination of the DEMNAS and BIG14 datasets in good agreement with the actual coastline Hence we have,ρS=2,050 kg/m for granular material density ρw=1,025 kg/m for water density internal friction angle ϕi=30 deg and basal friction angle ϕb=2 deg We did not perform a sensitivity study to basal friction as we did not expect large effects of a small change in friction due to the short distances of slide motion and the rapidly increasing water depth across Palu Bay NHWAVE was extensively validated for a variety of tsunami benchmarks (Zhang et al., 2017), including laboratory experiments for slides made of glass beads performed by some of the authors (Grilli et al., 2017). The model was also used to simulate historical case studies, for which tsunami coastal impact had been measured (Tappin et al., 2014; Grilli et al., 2019; Schambach et al., 2020) the initial unfailed landslide geometry is first recreated by moving the failed landslide material upslope The model then simulates both the down-slope motion of the failing slide NHWAVE was found to perform well and to adequately reproduce the reference data provided the discretization was sufficient Since the post-failure coastal bathymetry did not show clear slide deposits no material was removed from the downslope bathymetry prior to simulations modeling the largest slides (in particular LS-F*) we find that it takes 30–35 s of wave generation to qualitatively achieve the same stage as observed in the video hence on average tS≃108 −33 = 75 s On this basis, the generation of landslide tsunamis and their initial propagation up to t=tf=150 s were simulated in grid BG with NHWAVE, simultaneously for all the considered slides (Table 2; an animation of this simulation video4.mp4 is provided in supplementary material) slides are no longer tsunamigenic and maximum landslide tsunami runups have occurred onshore of each slide location simulations are continued in FUNWAVE for landslide tsunamis alone or in combination with coseismic tsunamis based on NHWAVE results for surface elevation and horizontal velocity (interpolated at 0.531 times the local depth for consistency with FUNWAVE) and then with FUNWAVE for t>60 s (see details of coseismic sources later) NHWAVE results are linearly superimposed at t=tf with those of FUNWAVE for the simulation of each coseismic source (i.e. surface elevation and horizontal velocity) Simulations of the combined tsunamis are then continued in FUNWAVE for t>tf a bottom friction coefficient Cd=0.0025 is used which corresponds to coarse sand (also used in NHWAVE) which is one of the reasons here for using the 7.5 m grids EG and SG even though the bathymetric data was not available at that level of detail; but As there is no consensus on the 2018 Palu earthquake parameters, which fault(s) was(were) responsible, and how the rupture proceeded, to assess the source-related epistemic uncertainty in tsunami simulations, we modeled three representative earthquake sources, whose main characteristics are summarized in Table 1 by the larger initial elevations for this source in those areas likely due to their very physics-based modeling very different from that of the other two sources there are large negative elevations (subsidence) on the east and large positive elevations to the SW and NE Simulations were performed with NHWAVE and FUNWAVE following the methodology detailed above, by considering first each of the three coseismic sources (Figure 8), then the seven parameterized landslide sources (Table 2) and finally for dual earthquake/landslide sources combining each coseismic source with all the landslide sources Simulations for earthquake or landslide sources alone were performed with or without dispersive effects in the models All simulations were performed up to t=1,200 s which was determined to be long enough for maximum runup to be achieved along the Palu Bay shores Animations of tsunami propagation simulations for: 1) coseismic sources alone (video2.mp4 and video6.mp4); 2) landslide sources alone (video4.mp4); and 3) dual coseismic/landslide sources for the Ulrich case (video1.mp4) are given in supplementary material together with an animation of the slide LS-F* and its corresponding wave generation (video3.mp4) particularly considering the large depth of the bay These results justify using dispersive wave models in this work FIGURE 9. (A,C) Runups R simulated with NHWAVE/FUNWAVE for landslide sources only (Table 2), compared with field measurements (see Figure 3 for definitions) Landslide tsunami generation is first simulated with NHWAVE in grid BG (figure footprint) up to tf=150s assuming all slides are triggered at tS=75 s NHWAVE results (surface elevation and horizontal velocity a 0.531 times the local depth) are passed onto FUNWAVE to continue simulations for t>tf in grid BG and then in nested grids EG/SG (white footprints in figure (B)) Solid lines indicate results in 30 m grid BG and dashed lines in 7.5 m grids EG/SG (B) Maximum surface elevations computed during landslide tsunami simulations FIGURE 10. (A-F) Similar results as in Figure 4 (same vertical scale kept in figures for comparison), but for simulations with NHWAVE/FUNWAVE of landslide sources only (Table 2) Simulation results include a landslide trigger delay of t=75 s Solid/dashed colored lines are results with dispersion turned on/off we generate the tsunami dynamically for 60 s in a 3D model whereas they used a 2D NSWE model; and 4) finally FUNWAVE has a particularly accurate moving shoreline algorithm to capture runup on steep slopes where there is a much better agreement in Wani and Pantaloan of model results with the reconstituted time series than for the coseismic sources the landslide tsunami simulations do not explain well the time series reconstructed in Dupa while the shorter period landslide tsunami waves agree better in timing with those of the reconstructed time series despite using a very fine model grid that could have enhanced wave shoaling FIGURE 11. (A,C) Runups R simulated with NHWAVE/FUNWAVE for dual earthquake/landslide (Table 2) sources, compared with field measurements (see Figure 3 for definitions of data NHWAVE results are linearly combined (surface elevation and velocity at 0.531 times the local depth) with those computed with FUNWAVE in grid BG for each of the three coseismic sources Simulations are then continued with FUNWAVE for t>tf in grid BG and then nested EG/SG grids (white footprints in figures (B,D,E)) FIGURE 12. (A-F) Similar results as in Figures 4, 10 (same vertical scale kept in figures for comparison), for simulations with NHWAVE/FUNWAVE of combined (dual) coseismic/landslide (Table 2) sources. See Figure 4 caption for definition of coseismic sources All results are computed here with dispersion turned on The mapped landslildes we used in our modeling are found to be capable of generating runups on the same order as those observed onshore of their locations and their reconstructed time series impact One exception is in the southeast of the bay where runups are still underpredicted in the Dupa area (simulated 2–4 m To explain the large runups observed in the SE of the bay, Nakata et al. (2020) modeled a large 700 ×106 m hypothetical SMF off of Talise and obtained a good agreement with observations near this location. There is no indication on the seafloor for such a large recent failure, although Liu et al. (2020) suggest that there are several large SMFs south of this location Our simulations suggest that an additional SMF off of Talise could explain both the large runups observed between Dupa and Talise and improve the agreement of simulations with the time series inferred at Talise and the KN Hotel as our stated goal was to only model proven landslide sources we did not consider such a hypothetical SMF in our earlier dual sources the new dual source simulations improve the overall agreement with reconstructed time series only the inclusion of the SE SMF can explain the leading elevation wave observed at t=125 s (underestimated but arriving at the correct time) Results are from 7.5 m resolution grid SG with a strike-slip earthquake mechanism which triggered coastal landslides Previous publications show how difficult it has been to identify the tsunami generation mechanism(s) the earthquake and the mapped coastal landslides were equal contributors to the large runups measured around the bay except in the southeast where an additional (although partly hypothetical) SMF is required We show the importance of modeling dual earthquake/landslide sources and of considering all available information to identify how the tsunami waves were generated including time series of tsunami impact reconstructed from video evidence in addition to the (normally used) runup evidence from field surveys A proper understanding and modeling of such destructive dual source tsunami events can help mitigate tsunami coastal hazard resulting from future similar events The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. 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Grilli, Z3JpbGxpQHVyaS5lZHU= Standar Waktu Indonesia Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika ProfilCuacaIklimKualitas UdaraGempa BumiGeofisika Contact Center 196 Tentang BMKG Sejarah, Tugas dan Fungsi, Visi dan Misi, serta Filosofi Logo BMKG Pelayanan Satu Pintu (PTSP) Layanan Pengadaan (LPSE) Pengaduan Masyarakat (LAPOR!) Laporan Harta Kekayaan (LHKPN) Dokumentasi Informasi Hukum (JDIH) Portal Geohidrometeorologi (GIS) Media Sosial & Aplikasi Informasi geofisika potensial dan tanda waktu Gempabumi tektonik telah terjadi di Kabupaten Donggala jam 17.02.44 WIB dengan M 7.7 Lokasi 0.18 LS dan 119.85BT dan jarak 26 km dari Utara Donggala Sulawesi Tengah Berdasarkan hasil pemodelan tsunami dengan level tertinggi siaga (0.5m-3m) di Palu dan estimasi waktu tiba jam 17.22 WIB sehingga BMKG mengeluarkan potensi tsunami Estimasi ketinggian tsunami di Mamuju menunjukkan level wasapada yaitu estimasi ketinggian tsunami kurang dari 0.5m Setelah dilakukan pengecekan terhadap hasil observasi tide gauge di Mamuju tercatat adanya perubahan kenaikan muka air laut setinggi 6 cm pukul 17.27 WIB Jarak antara Palu dan Mamuju adalah 237 km Berdasarkan hasil update mekanisme sumber gempa yang bertipe mendatar (strike slip) dan hasil observasi ketinggian gelombang tsunami serta telah terlewatinya perkiraan waktu kedatangan tsunami maka Peringatan Dini Tsunami (PDT) ini diakhiri pada pukul 17.36.12 WIB Dari hasil monitoring BMKG hingga Pukul 02.55 WIB telah terjadi 76 Gempabumi susulan yang tercatat dengan magnitude terbesar M6,3; dan terkecil M2.9 BMKG terus memonitor perkembangan gempabumi susulan dan hasilnya akan diinformasikan kepada masyarakat melalui media Hingga saat ini sudah ada laporan dampak kerusakan yang ditimbulkan akibat gempabumi tersebut Berdasarkan data sementara dari BPBD Kabupaten Donggala tercatat 1 orang meninggal dunia 10 orang luka-luka dan puluhan rumah rusak Peta guncangan (shakemap) Gempabumi Donggala – Klik tautan ini jika PDF di atas tidak muncul. BMKG adalah lembaga yang melaksanakan tugas pemerintahan di bidang meteorologi, klimatologi, kualitas udara dan geofisika. Jl. Angkasa I No.2 Kemayoran, Jakarta Pusat 10610, PO Box 3540 Jkt. Contact Center (021) 196 Faks (021) 4246703 own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment University of Sydney provides funding as a member of The Conversation AU View all partners Gempa berkekuatan 7,5 pada Jumat 28 September yang mengguncang Donggala dan Palu di Sulawesi Tengah menyebabkan tsunami dan kehancuran yang menelan korban lebih dari 1700 orang. Tak lama, banyak masyarakat terkejut melihat di media sosial gambar dan video dari lokasi bencana yang memperlihatkan tanah yang mengalir seperti sungai menyeret bangunan rumah Proses bergeraknya tanah itu disebut likuifaksi yaitu kondisi tanah yang kehilangan kekuatannya akibat gempa sehingga daya dukung tanah turun secara mendadak Selain guncangan dan potensi air bah dari tsunami likuifaksi adalah fenomena alam yang juga perlu diwaspadai ketika terjadi gempa Likuifaksi dapat berbahaya bagi manusia jika pemukiman berada di atas tanah yang mengalami likuifaksi tersebut Petobo di Palu Selatan dan Jalan Dewi Sartika di Palu Selatan terlihat masih utuh setelah gempa dan tidak pula dihanyutkan gelombang tsunami ribuan rumah rakyat di dua desa itu lenyap ditelan bumi karena likuifaksi Risna menyimpulkan bahwa daerah di Palu sebagian besar memiliki potensi sangat tinggi terhadap likuifaksi Ilmu tanah dapat menjelaskan bagaimana tanah yang padat dan diduduki bangunan bisa menghanyutkan ribuan rumah Tanah terdiri dari partikel-partikel berbagai ukuran yang lebih kecil dari 2 milimeter Partikel-partikel tersebut dikelompokkan berdasarkan ukurannnya: yang terbesar adalah pasir (diameter 0,05 sampai ≤ 2 mm) dan yang paling halus disebut liat (≤ 2 mikron) Kombinasi kadar ketiga kelompok tanah tersebut menentukan tekstur atau jenis tanah Ada tanah yang mempunyai tekstur kasar bila pasir lebih dominan dibandingkan liat dan debu dalam pasir tersebut Ada tanah yang dikelompokkan bertekstur sedang dan bertekstur halus Semakin kasar tekstur tanah maka semakin rentan tanah tersebut mengalami likuifasi Partikel liat berperan sebagai perekat partikel-partikel tanah yang lebih besar sehingga mereka bersatu membentuk agregat Agregat tanah yang kuat dan mantap akan menyokong pertumbuhan akar Pohon menjadi besar dan tinggi karena tumbuh dengan baik pada tanah beragregat kuat sehingga bisa mendukung perkembangan akar dan batangnya kokoh Tanah beragregat kuat dan mantap menjadi tapak dan fondasi untuk rumah dan bangunan lain yang ada di atasnya Di antara partikel tadi atau agregat tanah terdapat rongga atau kita sebut pori tanah Pori-pori tanah tersebut berfungsi sebagai tempat untuk menyediakan air dan udara kepada akar tanaman Semakin halus ukuran pori semakin kuat daya pegang airnya Sebaliknya pori yang besar mudah kehilangan air Tanah menjadi kering jika tidak ada air yang tersimpan pada pori tanah butiran air yang masuk ke dalam tanah akan mengisi pori tersebut Jika seluruh pori terisi air maka tanah akan jenuh air dan selanjutnya tergenang Molekul air mengisi pori-pori tanah dan membentuk lapisan-lapisan dengan partikel tanah maka ikatan antar partikel tanah menjadi lemah Liat sebagai partikel tanah terhalus akan terdispersi atau terpisah dan menyebabkan air hujan yang bening menjadi keruh Dalam bentuk yang sederhana dapat kita amati pada kehidupan sehari-hari misalnya setelah hujan Tanah sawah sesudah digenangi air dan dibajak akan menjadi lumpur Bencana tanah longsor terjadi setelah hujan lebat karena tanah jenuh air dan kehilangan kekuatan daya ikatnya guncangan kuat di bawah bumi mengakibatkan air tanah naik ke permukaan dengan tekanan yang tinggi Tekanan air dalam pori-pori dengan cepat menjenuhi tanah mengakibatkan partikel-partikel tanah terpisah Dengan cepat tanah menjadi lumpur dan bangunan di atasnya roboh Kekuatan guncangan juga mengaduk air tanah sehingga tanah yang telah menjadi lumpur mengalir seperti sungai menghanyutkan apapun yang ada di atasnya Secara sederhana kita dapat menguji dengan mengambil segumpal tanah berpasir dan tanah liat lalu diremas maka akan terbentuk bongkahan yang padat Sebaliknya pada tanah berpasir tidak akan terbentuk bongkahan malah tanah mencair Bagaimana tekstur tanah mempengaruhi kekuatannya menyokong bangunan di atasnya ketika terjadi gempa Tanah bertekstur halus akan kuat menyangga bangunan jika terguncang gempa walau ada air tanah naik ke atas tanah bertekstur pasir akan bertransformasi menjadi fase cair dan tidak sanggup menahan beban bangun di atasnya Likuifaksi lebih rentan terjadi di daerah dataran rendah aluvial yang tanahnya didominasi oleh pasir dengan muka air tanah yang dangkal Kerentanan suatu kawasan terhadap bahaya likuifaksi dapat diketahui dengan menggunakan indeks potensi likuifaksi (Liquefaction Potential Index = LPI) Akibat seringnya Jepang dilanda gempa bumi yang disusul likuifaksi Indeks potensi likuifaksi berkisar antara nilai 0 (nol) artinya indeks sangat rendah; nilai antara 0 dan 5 termasuk tinggi; dan nilai indeks >15 sangat tinggi Indeks ini diformulasi dengan memperhitungkan kelompok tanah dan skala kekuatan gempa Tanah yang didominasi oleh pasir tergolong sangat rentan dan memiliki LPI > 15 Sedangkan tanah yang bertekstur halus memiliki LPI < 5 Iwasaki juga menyarankan cara mendesain bangunan di wilayah rentan likuifaksi jika kondisi ini tak bisa dihindarkan temuan dan saran para ahli ini sangat dihargai dan dipertimbangkan oleh para pemangku kebijakan praktisi dan pengusaha serta masyarakat awam Para ahli melaporkan bahwa potensi likuifaksi dipengaruhi oleh tiga faktor yaitu: Laporan hasil penelitian Risna Widyaningrum dan kegempaan yang sering berulang di kawasan sesar Palu Koro ini Sesar Palu Koro memanjang sampai 60 kilometer dari utara ke selatan melintasi Kota Palu dan masuk ke teluk Palu bersisian dengan Kota Donggala Sesar Palu Koro ini dilaporkan para ahli geologi bergerak 40 milimeter per tahun ke arah utara dan termasuk yang tercepat bila dibandingkan sesar Semangko Sumatra yang bergerak 15 milimeter ke Tenggara Tanah yang terdapat di daerah Palu berasal dari batuan Kuarter aluvium yang masih tergolong muda Tanah lapisan atas (1-7 m) terutama bertekstur pasir Peta muka air tanah menunjukkan air tanah yang dangkal (< 12 m) di daerah tersebut Perumahan Bolaroa sebelumnya adalah daerah rawa kemudian diurug dan ditimbun untuk dijadikan perkampungan baru Semua hasil kajian tahun 2012 tersebut menunjukkan daerah Palu rentan likuifikasi ada peta zonasi bahaya likuifaksi dengan zonasi bahaya mulai dari potensi sangat rendah dan rendah Desa Petobo dan perumahan Balaroa ternyata berada di perbatasan zona sangat tinggi Risna menyarankan fondasi bangunan sebaiknya tidak diletakkan pada lapisan pasir Dan penataan ruang terhadap kawasan pemukiman industri dan bangunan vital lainnya sebaiknya ditempatkan pada area yang memiliki indeks potensi likuifaksi (LPI) < 5 temuan para ahli banyak yang tidak ditindaklanjuti oleh yang berkepentingan Pengalaman bencana Palu harus menjadi pembelajaran agar hasil penelitian tidak hanya disimpan rapi di rak buku perpustakaan setelah penelitian selesai Diseminasi hasil penelitian yang penting seperti potensi likuifaksi suatu daerah harus sampai kepada pembuat kebijakan Musibah ini bisa dihindari jika kita waspada dan mempertimbangkan keadaan kondisi dan perilaku alami dari lapisan litosfir dari bumi ini ketika membangun infrastruktur diatasnya Dalam pembangunan pemukiman baru pascabencana para pembuat kebijakan dan perencana kota perlu memperhatikan peta zonasi bahaya likuifaksi agar bencana ini tidak terulang lagi The 21-year-old former Australia U20s representative broke into the Force line-up in Round 1 after an impressive pre-season, having made the move from the Melbourne Rebels in the off-season. Palu’s progress this season has been curtailed by a shoulder injury, but he showed glimpses of his potential on the field and has impressed throughout off the field. The deal is another step for the Force in shoring up the Club's future, with Nic Dolly, Nick Champion de Crespigny and captain Jeremy Williams having already re-signed on multi-year deals. Force head coach Simon Cron was glowing in praise of Palu, who he said is a key part of the Club’s future, with this deal keeping him in Perth until the end of 2027 at least. “We’re really happy that he’s decided to stay with us for the next two years,” Cron said. “We see him as a long-term player for the Western Force, “He’s an extremely exciting player. He’s got a wide range of skillsets. He’s explosive and powerful. “If you’ve watched him play, you can see he is talented. We feel like Divad’s ceiling is really high. He’s constantly wanting to get better and learn. When he takes to the training field or on gameday he’s always on. “It’s been tough for him with his shoulder injury, but we feel like he’s a massive part of our future going forward. “Culturally Divad is a great fit. His work ethic, personality and support of his team-mates is what we are all about." Wellington-born, Melbourne-raised Palu was delighted to re-commit to the Force, having enjoyed his time in Perth since moving across midway through last year. “I’ve been loving my time here at the Western Force,” Palu said. “We’ve got a strong coaching staff and an amazing back-office team supporting the players on and off the field.  “I’m looking forward to the next couple years here with a talented and connected group of boys.” .css-h3az1r{font-family:FuturaMaxiWXX-Bold,"HelveticaNeue-Bold",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:inherit;font-weight:400;}Divad Palu Our organisation was well represented on the night, with Rob Valetini also taking out the John Eales Award as the Wallabies Player of the Year Award for the second year running. Brumbies skipper Palu, 28, was named Buildcorp Super Rugby Women's Player of the Year after another sensational season. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Rugby Australia (@rugbyau) She was a standout for the ACT Brumbies in the competition, leading the side to a semi-final appearance, before going on to a play a pivotal role in the Wallaroos victory in the WXV2 Championship in South Africa earlier this month. Palu was delighted to receive the award last night while highlighting the potential of a young and hugely talented Brumbies squad. “It’s truly humbling. It’s such a prestigious award to receive, I don’t really know where to start! The finalists were deserving to be alongside me as well," Palu said. “My teammates at the Brumbies are definitely international players and they’ll only get better. They’re so young and they’ve got so much growth potential, but the game is so much more than what you see on the field in terms of the culture that we have. I hope they build on that moving forward. “We know that we’re capable of a better performance than the (Super Women’s Pacific) semi-final, but you could see there was so much growth from the first round of the season to that game, against a top-tier team who went on to win the tournament in the Waratahs. "We can take positives from that, we just need to make sure we start at that sort of level and build for next year." View this post on Instagram A post shared by Rugby Australia (@rugbyau) Meanwhile Macpherson, 20, captained the Wallabies U20s side during the World Rugby U20 Championship in South Africa earlier this year. He is currently on loan with Toyota Verblitz in Japan to get some more experience at a high level and will return to the ACT Brumbies in June next year. Both Palu and Macpherson previously played for Uni-Norths Owls, a strong, multicultural community club in Canberra, before making the step up to the ACT Brumbies. Volume 7 - 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00261 Multiple cascading hazards triggered by the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake caused various compounding consequences A major strike-slip fault movement with along-dip components resulted in intense ground shaking This paper presents observations of such multi-hazard effects on buildings and infrastructure in areas along Palu Bay and discusses the main causes of the disaster by focusing upon the combined effects of the cascading geological hazards To evaluate the tsunami risk potential of the strike-slip event tsunami simulations for the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake are performed by considering different model settings for spatial earthquake slip distribution The numerical results indicate that the co-seismic rupture of a moment magnitude 7.5 strike-slip earthquake having notable dip components can generate damaging tsunami waves at coastal locations of Palu Bay The conclusion has important implications for future tsunami hazard assessments in active seismic regions where major fault systems cut across a bay or into the sea The tsunamis washed away numerous houses and destroyed port facilities along the coastal line of Palu Bay three major mudflows were triggered at Petobo swiping off numerous houses along the directions of the mass movements (Hidayat et al. (B) USGS model for the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake and (C) zoom-up of the USGS model near Palu The coincidence of the earthquake with the high tide phase amplified the effect on tsunami inundation and Jono Oge occurred on gentle slopes of about 1–3% Their occurrence mechanisms can be attributed to liquefaction-induced-unlimited flow where the existence of ground water flow in near-surface sandy soil layers escalated the mass movements over a few kilometers (Hidayat et al. The first objective is to present field observations from the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake that were made by the authors and relate them to seismological information of the event (section “2018 Sulawesi Earthquake”) The field work was led by the Research Center for Water Resources Indonesian Ministry of Public Works and Housing (Pusair PUPR) from December 18 to 22 Gathering the first-hand hazard and damage data and gaining new knowledge from a field investigation are of critical importance in understanding the exact causes of the disaster The data serve as ground-truth of the event and are valuable for numerical modeling/simulations of cascading geological hazards and risks The second objective of this paper is to discuss the tsunami risk potential of the strike-slip event based on existing field data and other knowledge (section “Tsunami Inundation Simulation of the 2018 Sulawesi Earthquake”) several concluding remarks are made in section “Concluding Remarks” to summarize the key findings from this event and to understand the complete picture of earthquake-tsunami hazard and risk mitigation in other seismic regions where strike-slip faults are dominant sources of earthquake hazards and risks This was one of the main reasons that various modes of destruction resulted in and around Palu City (i.e. triggering of underwater landslides and local tsunamis The rake angles of the USGS model in individual subfaults show the different directions of vertical fault motions along the fault strike meaning that both subsidence (normal) and uplift (reverse) of the ground occurred on the same side of the fault and such differences can be regarded as model uncertainty associated with source inversion analysis A further discussion related to this uncertainty is given in section “Tsunami Inundation Simulation of the 2018 Sulawesi Earthquake.” a field investigation of the earthquake and tsunami damage from the 2018 Sulawesi event was conducted in Palu City and surrounding areas by Pusair PUPR and the authors Field data were collected in the form of digital photographs as well as discussions with local engineers and eyewitnesses All data were archived and provided to the Indonesian community through Pusair PUPR severe destruction of local communities was observed due to tsunami waves key findings from the field investigation are presented Earthquake damage at a glance around Palu Bay The base satellite image is obtained from Google Earth the expected PGA for this earthquake scenario is around 0.5 g which is approximately twice as large as the geometric mean of the two horizontal components of the observed record (= 0.24 g) The lower observed ground motions have led to less pronounced overall shaking damage in Palu resulting in the triggering of liquefaction mid-rise structures having longer vibration periods than other buildings in the areas and their sites being relatively soft which may amplify ground motions at the sites) Figure 3. Observed earthquake-shaking damage in the Palu bay area (point 4 in Figure 2): (A,B) damage to a 5-story reinforced concrete apartment and (C,D) damage to Mercure Hotel At the mouth of Palu River (near the apartment building and Mercure Hotel) The exact cause of the collapse is unknown It may be due to damage to the bridge piers resulting from a combination of strong shaking and possible liquefaction at the foundation of the middle pier (under review) reported that soil conditions at the three locations had the potential to liquefy with low values of N-counts Ground water levels were high due to the agricultural irrigation system at Petobo and Jono Oge and because of naturally high groundwater levels at Balaroa Although gradients of the ground at these three locations were gentle (typically less than 3%) when a liquefaction-induced-unlimited flow was initiated the mudflow could not have been stopped until the liquefied soil regained its shear strength and/or the ground slope was reduced (Hidayat et al. many large tensile cracks appeared and roads as well as houses were damaged Similar damage was also observed at Jono Oge (south of Petobo) having an even larger spatial extent of the damaged area Figure 4. Large-scale landslide at Petobo: (A) Google Earth image before the earthquake, (B) Google Earth image after the earthquake, (C) destroyed houses at the foot of the landslide, and (D) destroyed houses at the crown area of the landslide (point 5 in Figure 2) At Balaroa, a mudflow of approximately 0.5 km by 0.5 km (from a satellite imagery) occurred. Although the flow size was smaller than those of Petobo and Jono Oge, this area was more densely populated, being closer to the city center. Figures 5A,B show the Google Earth images of Balaroa before and after the event, whereas Figure 5C shows a photo taken at the crown area of the mudflow where 3–6 m elevation gaps were observed Large-scale landslide at Balaroa: (A) Google Earth image before the earthquake (B) Google Earth image after the earthquake and (C) view from the crown area of the mudflow inundation heights were up to about 2 m above the datum level Tsunami inundation and run-up height measurements at four locations along Palu Bay Tsunami damage was observed along the coastline of Palu Bay. Generally speaking, tsunami damage was more severe at the inner part and on the eastern side of Palu Bay, than the western side. This was partly because the eastern side of Palu Bay subsided due to the earthquake rupture (Heidarzadeh et al., 2019) there were several local communities on the western side of Palu Bay that were devastated by the tsunamis most likely caused by local submarine landslides normal astronomical tidal variations result in inundation of this area (up to about 300 m inland from the shoreline) These kinds of physical conditions make it challenging to carry out the recovery and reconstruction of this important area Figure 6. Observed tsunami damage in the Palu Bay area (point 3 in Figure 2): (A,B) destroyed 2-story buildings Figure 7. Observed tsunami damage near Donggala port (point 1 in Figure 2): (A) damage due to lateral spreading (B) liquefaction-related foundation failure and (C,D) damage due to lateral spreading at Pavilion Gonenggati Donggala Figure 8. (A,B) Tsunami-devastated area on the western coast of Palu Bay (point 2 in Figure 2) Figure 9. (A,B) Severely-damaged port area on the eastern coast of Palu Bay (point 7 in Figure 2) their inundation simulation results showed that large run-up heights exceeding 10 m were possible at sites along Palu Bay which were comparable to the field observations These previous studies illuminate that tsunami inundation simulation results are sensitive to various features of a tsunami model including earthquake rupture characteristics (geometry consideration of co-seismic vertical deformation governing equations of tsunami waves (e.g. linear versus non-linear shallow water equations) and elevation data resolution and its source (local versus global) The conclusions also depend on the choice of the observations to be matched by simulated data tidal effects are excluded for a tsunami simulation but they are important for inundation modeling The main motivations of the following tsunami simulations are to provide a more consistent comparison of the simulated and observed tsunamis in the coastal areas of Palu Bay and to estimate the co-seismic contributions of the tsunami We do not model the submarine landslide-triggered tsunamis; nonetheless the discrepancy between observations and simulations can be attributed to unmodeled aspects as a whole (not just submarine landslide-based sources) The bottom friction is evaluated using Manning’s formula by adopting n = 0.025 The fault rupture is assumed to occur instantaneously and the simulation is conducted for a duration of 1 h with an integration time step of 0.05 s meeting the requirement for the Courant-Friedrichs-Levy condition to ensure stable numerical simulation and (C) bathymetry-elevation data for the Palu Bay area it can be expected that the tsunami waves generated based on the uniform slip model do not cause major inundation in Palu Bay Initial water dislocation profiles due to earthquake rupture (i.e. co-seismic deformation): (A) the USGS model with the variable rake angle (Case 1) (B) the USGS model with the constant rake angle (Cases 2 and 3) and (C) the USGS model with the uniform slip distribution with the constant rake angle (Case 4) Either Case 1 or Case 2 is suitable for comparing the simulated results with the observations The comparison between Case 2 and Case 3 will highlight the effects of accounting for the tidal level and co-seismic deformation (i.e. adjustment of the computational reference level of the ground) whereas that between Case 2 and Case 4 will emphasize the effects of spatial slip distribution To discuss the effects of the tsunami waves on buildings the maximum inundation depth maps are produced by accounting for the effects of the tidal level and co-seismic ground deformation inundated areas are evaluated for the computational cells that are originally on land (i.e. positive elevation prior to the co-seismic deformation and at the MSL) A comparison of the observed and simulated tsunami wave profiles is carried out at the Pantoloan station (see Figure 10C) and is shown in the bottom panels of Figure 12 The observed wave profile is obtained by removing the tidal component of the recorded waves The simulated wave profiles based on the four cases are presented in each bottom panel; the simulated wave profiles are shifted in time to match the initial phases of the observed and simulated wave profiles Figure 12. Tsunami inundation simulation results in the Pantoloan area (see Figure 10C): (A) the USGS model with the variable rake angle (Case 1) (B) the USGS model with the constant rake angle (Case 2) (C) the USGS model with the uniform slip distribution with the constant rake angle (Case 3) and (D) the USGS model with the variable rake angle without considering the effects of tidal level and co-seismic ground deformation (Case 4) the maximum inundation depth is computed by taking into account co-seismic ground deformation and tidal level while the wave profile at the near-shore location (indicated by a gray circle on a map) is with respect to the reference level of the tsunami simulation The simulated wave profiles are shifted in time to match the initial phases of the waves the simulated tsunami waves tend to be underestimated The comparisons of the simulated tsunami waves based on different tsunami simulation settings exemplify the sensitivity of the simulated tsunami wave profiles. The results shown in the bottom panels of Figures 12A,B indicate that the extent of the submarine landslide-based tsunami source model may be overestimated if the co-seismic deformation effect is not properly taken into account the results demonstrate that the co-seismic rupture of a Mw7.5-class strike-slip earthquake having notable dip components (which produce vertical seabed deformation) is capable of generating damaging tsunami waves at coastal locations of a narrow bay This has an important implication on future tsunami hazard assessments in active seismic regions where major fault systems cut across a bay or into the sea we observed that the low-lying areas along the coastal line were submerged at high tide times indicating that ground subsidence had real influence in these areas Figure 13. Tsunami inundation simulation results in the Palu area (see Figure 10C): (A) the USGS model with the variable rake angle (Case 1) but to a lesser extent than assumed previously The 2018 Sulawesi earthquake clearly demonstrated that major strike-slip events can trigger deadly and damaging tsunamis which can be contributed by multiple source mechanisms The tsunami simulation results presented in this study showed that both co-seismic deformation due to earthquake rupture and other factors including tidal effects and submarine landslides Although the generalization of the specific findings from the Palu case is difficult hazard-risk modelers and emergency response officers who are in charge of developing natural hazard maps and disaster response-recovery plans should pay attention to these geological and geophysical factors future predictions of tsunami hazards and risks in other seismic regions where such strike-slip events are dominant and cut across the sea (e.g. Turkey and New Zealand) will require re-evaluation in light of new evidence of the multi-hazard disaster from the 2018 Sulawesi event Such assessments will require new and more sophisticated multi-hazard modeling tools for cascading and compounding geohazards and georisks All datasets generated for this study are included in the manuscript/supplementary files All authors contributed to the earthquake–tsunami damage survey field work in Palu This work was supported by the Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction (Quick Response program) the Canada Research Chair Program (950-232015) the NSERC Discovery Grant (RGPIN-2019-05898) and Kyoto University’s DPRI disaster research fund DT was employed by the Pacific Consultants Co. 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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) *Correspondence: Katsuichiro Goda, a2dvZGEyQHV3by5jYQ== and Donggala in Central Sulawesi on 28 September 2018 has taken thousands of lives The earthquake and tsunami have damaged many infrastructures Humanitarian aid has since flowed to the areas in the form of logistics or mapping of damaged buildings Faculty of Geography UGM has actively participated in the emergency response in Palu by deploying a Task Force – Spatial Data Support supported by PUSPICS and Geographical Information Science Department to provide spatial data so that aid distribution will be more effective and efficient as many as 182 refugee camps have been uploaded through Google My Maps “These data are used to coordinate humanitarian aid together with village chiefs of Palu and Donggala,” said Prof Dr team member who is also chairman of Indonesian Geography Association The team also produced a Damage Assessment Map to see the impacted areas as a reference for recovery phase or post-disaster reconstruction The map can help the government and NGOs to prioritise aid to impacted areas The data used high resolution satellite image Analysis is conducted by interpreting the image visually using record image before and after the earthquake “The team has completed a Damage Assessment Map that includes impacted areas on Talise beach in Palu,” he said He said a total of 1,965 buildings have been mapped in Zone 50S This spot includes 1,085 collapsed buildings and 878 damaged buildings “The damage figures cover a 10,5 km2 size of land that is observed,” he said there are a total of 2,001 buildings being mapped There are 213 damaged buildings and 1,788 collapsed buildings “We hope that the map of refugees distribution can be used well by all stakeholders specially government and volunteers who will distribute aid to the people of Palu,” Hartono said Please contact us for any problem with SIMASTER (Direktorat Teknologi Informasi Directorate of Information Technology ) dan Lingkungan Office of Workplace and Environmental Security and Safety and Emergencies) E: info@ugm.ac.id | P: +62(274)588688 | F: +62(274)565223 | WA: +628112869988 PALU itb.ac.id – A team from Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) conducted another joint survey in disaster affected areas in Palu ITB cooperated with National Earthquake Study Center (PusGen) Indonesian Society for Geotechnical Engineering and Geotechnical Extreme Event Reconnaissance (GEER) from USA Members of Team from ITB that took part in the survey were Prof Masyhur Irsyam as Chair of Geotechnical Engineering Research Group and Nuraini Rahma Hanifa from Research Center for Disaster Mitigation (PPMB) the purpose of the survey is to have better comprehension on the liquefaction that occurred in Palu It is also to understand the causes of ground failure and extreme ground displacement in Balaroa and Sibalaya."We are investigating the geotechnical conditions in those areas; updating our progress and collecting data on land investigations that have been running so far; inviting local and foreign geotechnical experts to meet and discuss on the field; and strengthen research network within our country and abroad Masyhur.The survey found that each area has different liquefaction mechanism although there were similarities in Petobo Those locations are also close to secondary faults is located near the main fault of Palu Koro Hence it is possible that the phenomenon in Balaroa occurred different compared to the other four places The primary fault of the Palu Koro has been mapped while the secondary fault needs further investigation it is estimated that liquefaction occurs in all extreme conditions above," Prof Masyhur added.The survey was carried out by Chair of PusGen and President of HATTI MT (HATTI) as well as international partner from GEER such as Prof Ben Mason (Oregon State University/ Team Leader) Daniel Hutabarat (alumnus of Civil Engineering of ITB currently taking a doctoral study at University of California Ramli Nazir from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.Nuraini Rahma Hanifa from PPMB-ITB said that the team is currently making a report and planning for a further more-detailed research that will involve practitioners and Ph.D candidates The research will also involve a promoter who is acknowledged internationally as liquefaction expert and geotechnical experts from Japan through government cooperation with JICA Siokapesi Palu moved to Sydney as a child before relocating to Canberra after high school Palu started playing rugby in 2020 and took only two years to debut for the Wallaroos against New Zealand after strong performances for the ACT Brumbies Palu is of both Tongan and Samoan heritage through her parents and away from Rugby is a school educator at Erindale College in Canberra The popular squad member became the 18th captain of the Wallaroos in 2024 leading the national side against Ireland in Belfast She claimed Super Rugby Women's player of the year honours in 2024 to cap off a strong year that also included a WXV 2 title win The Safeguard Global ACT Brumbies are a proud part of Rugby AU Deya is a seasoned Advocate of the High Court of Kenya with extensive expertise in law and regional integration He previously served as the CEO of the East Africa Law Society (EALS) where he was instrumental in strengthening the organization's role as a champion for good governance and access to justice within the East African Community (EAC) the EALS actively engaged in shaping EAC policies fostering civil society's involvement in regional integration processes and promoting legal harmonization among Partner States As the founder of the East African Civil Society Organizations’ Forum (EACSOF) Deya advanced the participation of civil society in regional decision-making serving as Chair of the Pan African Citizens’ Network (PACIN) and the African Court Coalition where he promoted accountability and human rights across Africa he has held roles with the African Forum of the International Bar Association and the International Institute of Law Association Chief Executives Deya's leadership has left a lasting impact on strengthening governance frameworks and enhancing the EAC's integration agenda particularly through his efforts to link legal professionals and policy development for a unified and sustainable regional bloc © 1999 - 2025  East African Community Louie Palu is a photographer and filmmaker whose work has examined social political issues Palu’s projects have been selected for a Guggenheim Fellowship and World Press Photo Awards His work has appeared in National Geographic and The Washington Post His work has been featured in museums including the National Gallery of Art and many festivals worldwide Palu is based in Washington DC and holds an MFA from the Maryland Institute College of Art and politics has changed since the attacks of 9/11 Today the United States faces unprecedented threats many of which exist on platforms or in visual forms that are difficult to see Documentary photographer and filmmaker Louie Palu will share his work and experience covering some of the challenges facing the United States including the war in Afghanistan On Friday 28 September 2018 between 2pm and 3.25pm They were busy rushing towards the beach for Pesona Palu Nomoni the annual festival to mark the city´s anniversary They began to crowd the coast near the bridge of Talise Beach from about 3pm onwards Colourful banners fluttered cheerfully in the sea breeze There were kindergarten children dressed in traditional costumes and performers rehearsing for the opening ceremony of the festival The committee was prominent in the crowd that afternoon Most were employees of the Palu city government ready to welcome the spectators who would pour into every available space around the venue There was no sign of anxiety that fateful afternoon A sound like a blaring boom came from a popular beachside viewing point known as Anjungan Nusantara Hysterical voices rang out as the approach to the bridge alongside Talise Beach collapsed Moments later the entire arch of Palu IV bridge – the iconic pride of Palu citizens right at the mouth of the estuary – collapsed as well three huge tsunami waves crashed onto the shore Some people had already run away scared from the beach But the waves took many others who had fallen into a panicked confusion as the earth shook They struggled to overcome the suction of the waves An estimated 4340 people died from the combined earthquake It was the deadliest earthquake in the world in 2018 surpassing the death toll of 563 in the Lombok earthquake on 5 August It was Indonesia´s deadliest earthquake since Yogyakarta in 2006 Disasters in Central Sulawesi are a complex story On one hand the multiple hazards have been discussed frequently in media and scientific circles city residents living on the very active Palu-Koro fault tend to underestimate the threat of earthquakes Fear and panic swept through the region´s small towns immediately after the recent earthquake Paranoia was triggered by fake news circulating everywhere by word of mouth People shared these stories around even as their devices were struggling amid power outages and weak signal electricity and fuel were very difficult to obtain Food was sold only by a few retail stores and street vendors who saw their chance to earn a fortune in difficult times mini markets and warehouses became open targets for violent mobs looking for food Looters also took the opportunity to take everything from electronic equipment and tires to car engines that were left piled up in disarray They stole property from homes left behind by residents and even broke into ATMs A general lack of understanding only added to complications but also about who was most responsible for the thousands of casualties Rallies were answered with counter-actions As the ‘hot’ months before the Indonesian general elections approached residents who were still grieving grew increasingly vulnerable to the city´s pre-existing social frictions no longer wanting to wait for government promises that they considered vague and taking too long to materialise because the government did in fact have a budget for rehabilitation and reconstruction But the resources came from the central government in Jakarta which tended to take a project approach to the issue the politics around handling this budget seemed to get dragged into the national political agenda The governor of Central Sulawesi was a member of political parties that were challenging President Jokowi in the elections He found he had limited authority to manage the disaster budget apparently due to political considerations It is undeniable that the presence of the army was needed in the early days of the emergency response phase by extending the role of the army beyond the early days he deprived many civilians of the opportunity to earn money from the rehabilitation budget – money they desperately needed This only added to the list of problems Central Sulawesi faced People here have actually been familiar with earthquakes as a natural phenomenon for a very long time Earthquakes in the central part of Sulawesi have been recorded since the eighteenth century An earthquake in 1927 triggered a tsunami 15 metres high in Palu Bay had a tsunami ranging from one to three metres high in 1996 The Palu-Koro fault was first described by a team of Dutch geologists and geographers in 1909-1910 They realised that the ‘Fossa Sarasina’ fault had caused large earthquakes in the highlands and Palu valley described a countryside broken into multiple blocks that continually move and grind into each other along the fault line More recent research conducted over the last 10 years by Mudrik R Daryono from the Indonesian research institute LIPI has created a detailed picture of the very active Palu-Koro fault He and his team recovered evidence of many historical earthquakes By excavating 15 to 20 metres into the ground Mudrik concluded that large earthquakes had occurred in 1285 and 1415 he found indications of the earthquakes of 1907 and 1909 lie on the Ring of Fire that runs around the Pacific Ocean Ninety per cent of the world´s earthquakes occur in this region and 81 per cent of them are the world’s biggest earthquakes more than 80 per cent of all the volcanoes in the world This accounts for the large number of such disasters in Indonesia once again it seems that Indonesians find it easy to forget and neglect The findings of Mudrik and his team from the Palu-Koro research expedition were hardly read at the time The government certainly needs to improve its handling of earthquakes rather than downplay disaster risks despite being aware of what they are sitting on Muhammad Nasrum (muhammadnasrum@gmail.com) is a lecturer in Anthropology in the Social and Political Science Faculty at Tadulako University © Copyright Indonesian Resources and Information Program (IRIP) 1983 - 2025 We acknowledge the Traditional Custodians of the stolen lands on which Inside Indonesia is based and we pay our respects to Elders past and present We recognise that sovereignty was never ceded Tegar NurfitraEditor: Tia Mutiasari Copyright © ANTARA 2024 and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment Charles Darwin University provides funding as a member of The Conversation AU Gempa bumi dengan magnitudo 7,5 di Palu dan Donggala di Sulawesi Tengah yang disusul dengan tsunami pada Jumat pekan lalu, hingga artikel ini ditulis, menyebabkan korban tewas setidaknya 925 jiwa dan hampir 60 ribu orang mengungsi tersebar di lebih dari 100 titik Setelah investasi teknologi ratusan miliar rupiah paska Tsunami Aceh 2004 yang menghasilkan sistem peringatan dini tsunami di Indonesia, InaTEWS hari ini kembali dipertanyakan efektivitasnya dalam mencegah jatuhnya korban jiwa InaTEWS, walau komprehensif secara konseptual, belum mampu memberikan layanan yang memadai ketika dihadapkan pada gempa Palu Masalah kesiapsiagaan masyarakat terhadap tsunami dan gempa bumi bukan sekadar masalah teknologi melainkan juga masalah sosial budaya dan ekonomi politik yang perlu diselesaikan secara memadai Politikus Senayan akan memanggil Kepala Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG) untuk dimintai keterangan terkait diakhirinya peringatan dini tsunami oleh BMKG Keputusan BMKG berdasarkan hasil analisis pemodelan tsunami Palu yang diverifikasi dengan berbasis proxy dari tide gauge Hasil analisis itu menunjukkan muka air tsunami terdeteksi tapi tidak signifikan untuk sebuah tsunami yang membahayakan BMKG dan beberapa ahli menjelaskan bahwa tide gauge di Palu tidak terkonfirmasi atau tidak berfungsi Sedangkan kontak untuk verifikasi di Palu tidak aktif karena tidak ada jalur telepon yang hidup di Palu sesaat setelah gempa terjadi Pada waktu yang bersamaan, tidak ada sumber data alternatif seperti tsunami buoys alias pelampung peringatan tsunami yang tersedia Pertanyaannya: mengapa tsunami buoys tidak diganti bila alat itu penting dalam skenario Gempa Palu 7,7 SR tersebut Mengapa penggantian alat yang rusak tidak menjadi prioritas pemerintah Apakah DPR yang tidak menyetujui proposal anggaran dari lembaga terkait Sistem peringatan dini tsunami (TEWS) yang berpusat pada manusia mensyaratkan komitmen untuk investasi dalam membangun kesadaran kesiapsiagaan terhadap tsunami dan gempa Investasi pada masyarakat rentan harus rutin dan berkesinambungan dari level kabupaten hingga pada level rumah tangga Konsep dan fokus InaTEWS tidak cukup hanya dengan debat soal pemuktahiran teknologi lalu lupa dengan kerja menyiapkan masyarakat siap menghadapi tsunami masa depan Sudah sejauh mana pemerintah daerah dan pemerintah pusat secara serius mengimplementasi agenda kesiapsiagaan tsunami dan kegempaan di daerah Menyalahkan masyarakat karena vandalisme terkait tsunami buoy dan mengatakan masyarakat sebagai pembunuh adalah satu hal. Tapi mereduksi masalah tsunami buoys dalam ranah kriminal tentu tidak menyelesaikan masalah Kalau pun masih ada tsunami buoys yang mungkin telah berusia di atas 10 tahunan ini, apakah ada perawatan yang rutin? Dalam tradisi pemeliharaan tsunami buoys di Australia misalnya, Badan Meterologi Australia secara berkala mengganti tsunami buoys di permukaan air laut tiap dua tahun Sensor tekanan dasar lautnya juga harus rutin dan lebih sering dibersihkan karena sering kemasukan sedimen dan makhluk kecil di laut Artinya sejak diresmikannya InaTEWS dan digunakannya buoys pada 2008, minimal perlu penggantian tsunami buoys sebanyak 3-4 kali. Tentu tergantung tipe dan ketahanannya produknya, perawatannya memang mahal dan tidak selalu mumpuni Terkait tsunami-buoys, beberapa keterangan pakar justru mengatakan bahwa Palu tidak memiliki alat peringatan tersebut karena minimnya dukungan dana dari pemerintah terhadap Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT) apakah ada anggaran memadai yang dikeluarkan terkait pemeliharaan tsunami bouys dalam InaTEWS dalam 8 tahun terakhir Artinya mungkin saja tsunami buoys yang hilang memang secara natural sudah tidak berfungsi karena ketiadaan pemeliharaan Karena itu, menyalahkan masyarakat yang mengambilnya sebagai ‘pembunuh’ perlu diimbangi dengan kemampuan otokritik pemerintah dalam menyadari perannya dalam jatuhnya korban karena kelalaian menyediakan anggaran pemeliharaan dan pemutakhiran infrastruktur InaTEWS Selain soal ketiadaan informasi dari tide gauge Palu dan ketiadaan tsunami buoys berbagai kritik terkait model analisis tsunami yang wajib memperhitungkan karekteristik dinamika teluk serta sistem dan teknologi InaTEWS yang tidak mutakhir mungkin ada benarnya Namun menyalahkan BMKG saat ini tentu gampang namun tak selalu seperti yang terlihat secara kasat mata dalam Gempa Palu 28 September Mengoreksi birokrasi lokal (juga nasional) yang abai dalam memelihara tide gauge dan buoys juga perlu Tapi menyalahkan masyarakat tanpa ada agenda pendidikan publik dan kesadaran mereka terkait aset-aset InaTEWS seperti tsunami buoys tentu lebih mudah lagi Aspek kecepatan dan ketepatan menjadi sangat penting dalam sistem peringatan dini tsunami (TEWS) di mana pun. Hukum perkembangan teknologi menurut Hukum Moore menghendaki pemuktahiran alat setiap 18-24 bulan Bagaimana InaTEWS mengoperasikan sistem yang efektif menyelamatkan rakyat bila sistemnya tidak diperbarui secara berkala seturut perkembangan teknologi Bagaimana memiliki sistem yang selalu mutakhir bila pengambil kebijakan tidak mendukung proposal anggaran pemuktahiran sistem Salah satu komponen utama dari sistem peringatan dini Indonesia adalah manusia Indonesia itu sendiri Penekanan yang berlebihan pada teknologi dapat membuat komunitas menjadi pasif Ini dapat mengakibatkan tidak berkembangnya kemampuan masyarakat untuk beradaptasi dengan daya antisipasi yang mandiri dan berkelanjutan Harus ada upaya pendidikan masyarakat secara konsisten. TEWS diciptakan demi penyelamatan manusia. Karena itu penekanan pada manusia dan sistem tata kelolanya sangat penting dalam menjamin keberlanjutan layanan peringatan dini Tanpa perbaikan birokrasi dan reformasi layanan publik sepanjang rantai InaTEWS dari pusat hingga daerah dan yang diikuti dengan penyadaran dan kesiapsiagaan akar rumput mustahil Indonesia tangguh terhadap gempa tsunamigenik The 7.4 Richter scale earthquake and tsunami struck Palu and Donggala in Central Sulawesi on Friday (28/9) said Palu and Donggala are the meeting point of three main tectonic plates in the world “Palu and Donggala are situated in the clash zone of world’s three main plates which make the areas vulnerable to earthquakes,” he said in Geology Department Engineering Faculty of UGM on Tuesday (2/10) The fault is active with movement reaching 45 millimeter per year “The earthquake in Sulawesi had the mechanism of shifting faults that did not cause a change in seawater volume or not triggering a tsunami,” he said Subagyo said the tsunami in Palu was more due to the major sea sediment slides due to the plates shifting the location of Palu in the corner of a narrow bay made the tsunami waves lead towards the city tsunami waves energy will get stronger towards lower areas,” he said The earthquake also cause the phenomenon of liquefaction in nearby town on Sigi the sandy land mix with underground water and breach through ground cracks His research since 2005 showed that the length of Palu Bay consists of soil with contours that allow liquefaction The sediment is 170 meter deep which makes the bay not safe for residential settlement due to liquefaction potential when an earthquake hits Head of UGM’s Centre for Disaster Studies said the preparedness of government and society in Central Sulawesi was still low as seen in the high death toll and massive infrastructure damage Djati said Palu and Donggala had been identified as red zone areas which are prone to earthquake and tsunami “Seeing the potential and threat of disaster in Palu the local government and society should have been on alert But the impact of the disaster raises the question on how serious the local government in mitigating earthquake risks,” he said at his office and other parts of Indonesia ought to be learned by all demands everyone to re-learn in building disaster preparedness Disaster mitigation needs to be strengthened through public building strengthening against earthquake or liquefaction as well as government and society capacity building Djati also mentioned spatial planning ought to consider disaster potential and threat to minimise disaster risks Spatial concept ought to consider natural disaster risks by not permitting the construction of residential settlement in disaster prone areas “Areas impacted by disasters ought to be vacated or still occupied but through mitigation such as earthquake or liquefaction resilient public facilities or settlement,” he concluded Tempo.co Laila Afifa killing 4,845 people and displacing tens of thousands members of the "Disaster Management Accountability" fellowship--a program held by Tempo Institute They investigated projects suspected to be manifested with problems as well as cover Palu's dream of having a tsunami wall A tsunami roared over the defenseless coast of Palu a year ago Here is the plan to construct a tsunami barrier to prevent Palu from being easily overrun in the future An earthquake with a 9.0 magnitude rocked Tohoku It triggered a tsunami 10-40 meters high which rolled over the beaches about fifteen minutes later Tohoku had made a lot of preparations to face a tsunami They even had one of the strongest tsunami barriers in the world: a wave-breaking dyke 1,950 meters long whose foundations extend 67 meters deep into Kamaishi Bay a reinforced-concrete wall along the coast an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.4 shook Palu and vicinity about 80 kilometers northwest of the City of Palu an earthquake triggered a tsunami wave 2-11 meters high There were 1,365 victims in the City of Palu The cause: the coast in Palu has not sunami protection in place Then came the idea to build a tsunami barrier along the coast of Palu through the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) This institution founded by the Japanese government to help with construction in developing countries proposed the construction of a tsunami dyke the tsunami dyke would stretch along 120 meters of coastline from the coast of the Silae Sub-District in the west to the coast of the Talise Sub-District in the east About Rp800 billion to Rp1 trillion was needed The Japanese Government was willing to lend funds for its construction through a loan of Rp600 billion and $23.43 million or Rp328 billion from the ADB This proposal immediately drew the attention of residents of Palu Some of them said that they were not convinced about the claims of the efficacy of the tsunami barrier if it was built Keep in mind that they knew about the failure of a similar tsunami barrier in Tohoku a civil society coalition for the disaster in Palu Donggala, asked the National Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS) to reconsider JICA’s plan to build that dyke “That dyke plan needs to be reviewed and it has a large potential to be a technical failure,” said Pasigala Center Secretary-General Andika There is indeed a good chance that a tsunami barrier could fail in Palu Bay it would cut across the surface of the Palu Koro Fault even before the arrival of a tsunami, the barrier could be destroyed by an earthquake due to the down-lift or uplift of the land surface around the fault line “This means that the tsunami dyke is not the way to reduce the risk of disaster but to the contrary it raises the risks,” said Gegar S Praseyta a tsunami expert from the Indonesian Association of Tsunami Experts when speaking on a panel of experts for optimal coastal construction planning in Palu as initiated by the Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas) in Palu on Thursday Gegar explained that disaster mitigation which depends on physical means sometimes produces a false sense of security This was seen in the tsunami tragedy in Japan many of the Japanese people living along the coast thought they were protected and did not immediately evacuate when the tsunami warning sounded,” he said this does not mean that physical construction is not needed the most important infrastructure to build is vertical evacuation along the coast head of the Disaster Mitigation Section at the Ministry of Fisheries and Maritime Affairs agreed with building evacuation routes to move away from the coast Accessibility in coastal regions in Indonesia the people do not always have activity taking place in coastal regions where the culture of coastal communities includes activity on the beaches,” he said This could be seen with Bachtiar (67) and his only son The daily life of this fisherman in the Lere Sub-District These two said that they disagree with the plan to build a barrier They are worried that the dyke will put an end to their livelihood “Hopefully the construction of this dyke will provide a location for our boats to dock,” said Akbar who was selling salt at his simple wooden shack in front of Abadi Talise Field at that time the government was unmoved by those concerns. On April 10 Governor of Central Sulawesi Longki Djanggola asked that the plan to build the tsunami dyke in Palu Bay not be obstructed for the good of the people “Construction of the sea wall along Palu Bay has been planned so let’s not have any more obstructions,” he said He believes that the wall will be able to withstand a tsunami The combination of mangrove trees and sea wall will likely increase the beauty of Palu Bay just imagine how beautiful Palu Bay will be,” he said Central Sulawesi Regional Secretary Hidayat Lamakarate said that the provincial government is targeting completion of a barrier along the coast of Palu Bay by 2020 even though opinions for and against this construction continue to be heard also needs to done as soon as possible in order to prevent abrasion The Palu Municipal Government even sent officials in the Regional Development Planning (Bappeda) Office and the City of Palu Zoning Office to take part in training in Japan for two weeks in May 2019 Head of Data and Information at the City of Palu Bappeda Office explained that he was educated about the tsunami barrier They also learned how Japan carries out post-disaster relief efforts the City of Palu Public Works (PU) Office accompanied a team from Japan to survey the location of the sea wall and construction of the Palu IV Bridge which replaces the Ponulele Bridge which was destroyed by the tsunami Construction of that tsunami dyke appeared to be the way to go in a meeting of a panel of experts initiated by the Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas) in Palu there was further discussion about what construction approach to use in developing the coastal area around Palu Bay At this third meeting of a panel of experts through JICS expert in disaster prevention Naoto Tada was no longer talking about a tsunami dyke the concept of a tsunami dyke failed to persevere after being tested by a panel of experts a researcher from the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) said JICA changed the proposal after their first meeting on January 16 “I forget exactly (in which meeting) But there were three meetings,” he said the elevated road idea was not mentioned in the previous planning “In the planning signed by the Vice President the term tsunami dyke was used,” he said The same story was told by Iskandar Arsyad Head of the Public Works Office of the City of Palu had faded during the second meeting of the panel from the very first time JICA proposed a tsunami dyke he and some of his colleagues on the team of experts immediately objected “With the typology of a medium-sized tsunami mangrove trees and vegetation can reduce a tsunami wave by 20-30 percent,” he explained “Vegetation is also good for the environment and brings added economic value for fishermen,” he added (See also: Under the Protection of the Mangrove) Abdul Muhari said that mangrove trees and coastal vegetation are only suitable for the coastal regions west of the Palu River because the typology or the coast there is sloping and can be used for construction which retains sediment as a place for growing mangrove trees “The same cannot be done on the coast of Palu Bay east of the Palu River which makes it unsuitable for planting mangroves,” he said There is another problem on the eastern coast If this stretch of land is to be used for planting coastal vegetation the region must be cleared out at least 600 meters in from the shoreline “It is no easy matter to relocate the people living in this area,” said Abdul Muhari not all of the coastline provides enough space for planting vegetation the concept being put forward by JICA then changed to an elevated road at a lower height This elevated road would act as a ring road and a dyke in regions which have little or no space to plant vegetation The plan was to make an elevated road about 6.5 meters above sea level and 4-5 meters above the surrounding land the planned height of the elevated road was reduced 1.0-1.5 meters This was done to reduce the depth of tsunami waters inside the City of Palu the height of this roadway became less than 5 meters above sea level and 2.5-3.5 meters above the surface of the surrounding land Later on this elevated road will have two segments The first will be about 3.5 kilometers long stretching from the coast west of the mouth of the Palu River from the coastal area of the Silae Sub-District to the Lere Sub-District The second segment will stretch 1.6 kilometers from the coast east of the mouth of the Palu River there will also be the construction of mangrove-based coastal protection This will be done to withstand storm waves and coastal erosion This coastal protection is to stretch 2.35 kilometers along the western coast of Palu Bay and 4.9 km along its eastern coast Construction will cover the coastal area of the Silae Sub-District The Emergency Assistance for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (EARR): Project Administration Manual for Component I document issued by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) estimated the cost of this protective construction work at US$23.43 million It includes a water resource infrastructure rehabilitation program The document noted 2023 as the time limit to complete construction the ADB is ready to provide financial assistance Director of the Urban Development and Water Division of the ADB in Southeast Asia that the ADB has approved US$297.75 million of assistance for rehabilitation and reconstruction of public works and transportation infrastructure in Central Sulawesi This figure includes the construction of coastal protection Funding the tsunami barrier through debt-led Gegar S Prasetya to warn the government to be cautious with each hard structure construction being planned but in other areas which have a tsunami risk With estimated financing of Rp800 billion to Rp1 trillion for each barrier constructed through loans it is not yet known if this elevated road concept will be applied in Palu “The team of experts has given some proposals If it is sounded out with other experts the results will not be much different,” he said there are two tasks to handle along the coast of Palu Bay namely securing the coast from waves and flash flooding for the coastal area west of the mouth of the Palu River securing the beach from a tsunami with a combination with vegetation is recommended due to minimal space available for planting vegetation there is the possibility of combining it with an elevated road “To secure the coast from waves and flash flooding Our concern has been that the design should be integrated so that people are not working separately resulting in duplicate work or budget overlap,” he said Regarding the plan to construct an elevated road their side is still proposing a design for further study Head of the Water Resource Infrastructure Institutions Sub-Directorate at Bappenas based on the outcome of the meeting of the panel of experts from August 7-9 the team of experts agreed that there is a need to build a road to guarantee the flow of goods and services in Central Sulawesi the construction of coastal protection and an elevation road are a part of the planned loans from the ADB and JICA it has been agreed that coastal protection and an elevated road will be used in conjunction with vegetation particularly in the western area of Palu Bay “Because the topography there makes it possible,” said Ewin Ewin said that the design of the coastal protection and elevated road has not been finalized because it is going to be reintegrated by the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing there are several points where these two types of work are adjacent.  it seems that the government is speeding up the work Even though the design of the coastal protection and elevated road is not final construction of the coastal protection has entered the auction stage issued an invitation bid containing an announcement for the opening of bidding for one construction job for coastal protection namely a water resource network implementation with a work package budget ceiling of Rp100 million of the total project package of Rp328 billion the Sulawesi River Area Center III as the employer opened online bidding/tender for ADB providing countries which meet the conditions This auction uses a one-envelope open competitive offer procedure The deadline for submitting offers ends on August 14 Bappenas verified that the construction of coastal protection using ADB loan funds has entered the bidding stage The elevated road has been agreed upon by the experts according to a letter of the Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas) dated August 29 A letter signed by Abdul Malik Sadat Idris Director of Waterworks and Irrigation at Bappenas listed ten recommendations from national experts regarding tsunami dangers and five recommendations regarding the threat of earthquakes and land liquefaction Construction of an elevated road was mentioned in the fourth recommendation The panel of experts recommended building one as the primary logistics route in the Province of Central Sulawesi to be used to control zoning in the red zone This elevated road concept was modeled on the recent disaster when the incoming tsunami wave was 3-5 meters high over a four-minute period the road’s design will match its new function to reduce a tsunami’s energy and to protect the coast from high waves ERNI took a fish from a thermos and place a line from a coconut leaf in the fish’s mouth She then hung it up on some wood in a shack near her house This 46-year-old woman then sat and waited for buyers while watching the traffic passing the Trans Palu–Donggala Road the blue sea and foamy waves could be seen between the lush mangrove trees Roots resembling thorns poked out around the trees These mangroves neatly lined hundreds of meters along the coast “It’s a good thing the mangroves are here maybe not only my kitchen would have been destroyed,” she said on Thursday while pointing to her kitchen walls which were being renovated Ermi’s home is just fifteen meters from the coast The only thing separating them are a row of mangrove trees stretching from the coast to her backyard those whose homes were behind these trees were not damaged as badly as those whose homes are not obstructed by the mangroves,” Ermi continued which is located in the Kabonga Besar Sub-District one of the areas affected by the tsunami on September 28 Chairman of Neighborhood Association (RT) 02/Block Association (RW) 01 in Pangga Hamlet said that the tsunami damaged 36 houses in the hamlet “Conditions were the worst in RT 01/RW 01 because no mangroves grow on the coast there it was not as bad as in RT 01,” he said In RT 01 the tsunami wave reached across the road and swept away some objects a child who was swept off the road by the tsunami while returning home from a religious study meeting in a neighboring village Pangga Hamlet is the first hamlet in the Kabonga Besar Sub-District from the direction of the City of Palu said that of the four RW in his sub-district only one RW—including Pangga Hamlet—was damaged by the tsunami This was because in that hamlet the mangrove trees were not thick and dense The other three RW on the coast survived because of the thick and dense patch of mangrove trees “They were only affected by the earthquake,” said Rahmatriyadi the tsunami wave which hit the Kabonga Besar Sub-District was 3-5 meters high after the wave encountered the belt of mangroves 3 kilometers long and 50-75 meters wide a researcher in Forest Resource Conservation at the Forestry Faculty of the Tadulako University (Untad) explained that in order to mitigate a tsunami the density and thickness of the mangrove ecosystem needs to be noted He said that there should be more than 10,000 mangrove trees per hectare Chairman of the Gonenggati Jaya Forest Farming Community who also runs a mangrove tourism area in the sub-district said that thanks to those trees the tsunami wave only looked like high tide “The floor of this shack was flooded but thank God the water did not make it to the road,” he said The Gonenggati Jaya Community has managed this mangrove tourism area since 2017 supported by the Banawa Lalundu Forest Management Unit (KPH) It covers about two hectares of the total ten hectares of the Kabonga mangrove forest “The idea for it came in 2015,” he said which grow more than five meters high and deep roots Yuryanto said that six species of mangrove have been growing naturally for decades in the Gonenggatii Forest: rhizophora Apiculata developed the mangrove tourism area based on the idea to capitalize on the potential for nature tourism in the village as well as an effort to improve the local economy is that this tourism area was built and is managed by a group consisting mostly of youths Yuryanto said that the idea to create a Forest Farming Community came about when he saw that the mangrove forest in their area was becoming endangered At that time many people were cutting down mangroves just to hunt for worms to use the wood for building things the mangroves are important for fishermen as a place for fish “The mangrove forest used to be much larger than it is now,” he said One effort being carried out by this group to stop the damage to the mangrove forest is to ban cutting down trees they also plant mangrove seedlings on their own by using maturing seeds Those seeds are initially grown as seedlings the seedlings are planted in areas where the mangroves are damaged or bare Yuryanto claims that the Forest Farming Community has planted thousands of seedlings along the Kabonga Besar coast So that the mangrove forest benefits the residents the Gonenggati Community initiated tourism education They recruited fifteen residents from around the forest to work in this tourism area The Forest Farming Community then improved the mangrove forest by building bamboo footbridges so that visitors can reach inside the forest; building wooden cottages and decks for relaxing with enticing views of Palu Bay; and recycling plastic drink bottles and arranging them into displays for taking selfies the Gonenggati Community has been able to attract many visitors in addition to protecting the neighborhoods behind it from tsunami waves Myanmar Junta Extends Ceasefire to Ease Post-Quake Aid Deliveries BMKG Reports M5.3 Earthquake Jolting Parts of West Java Earthquake with Magnitude 4.6 Shakes Padang Panjang BMKG: 2 Minor Earthquakes Strike Cianjur in 2 Days BRIN and BMKG Assess Tsunami Threat for Kalimantan Nuclear Facility Site Indonesian Medical Team Treats Nearly 2,000 Myanmar Earthquake Victims BMKG: Magnitude 4.8 Earthquake Jolts Indonesia's Sukabumi Hamzah Latief from Oceanography Research Group Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology (FITB) of Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) conducted direct observation to tsunami affected locations in Palu and surrounding areas on Wednesday (10/10/2018) several data related to the tsunami were found On 28 September 2018 Central Sulawesi and surrounding areas were hit by a magnitude 7.4 accompanied by tsunami wrecking many buildings and killing and injuring thousands in the process Many were declared missing after the disasters.Together with ITB team National Study Center for Earthquake (Pusgen) and Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR) Hamzah conducted survey to various tsunami affected locations such as Watusepu Beach Eyewitness to the disasters were met and interviewed during the survey.Hamzah said that the eyewitnesses saw the tsunami occurred shortly after earthquake “The Tsunami came suddenly after the earthquake the tsunami was noted to happen in Pantoloan based on tidal condition and after 4 minutes in Watusepu,” he saidHe also measured the height of tsunami in several locations such as under the collapsed Punulele Bridge in Palu The height of tsunami is identifiable by looking at the remains of garbage on the 5 meter-tall walls that held the bridge the heights are varied from three to four meter.“The ugliest tsunami hit Talise where more than 200 people were found dead,” said Hamzah buildings and public facilities in Central Sulawesi.The process of the tsunami began with a strike slip in Palu-Koro Fault that caused earthquake The shock caused sediment avalanche to happen under the sea The avalanche came from river that carried sediment deposited at river mouth the sediment slid down and generated tsunami.“Palu Bay has varied slope depths from shallow to 500 meter Because of this factor (sediment avalanche) But it is not clear yet whether the sediment avalanche came from Talise Beach or somewhere else,” he said.Hamzah also saw the occurrence of land subsidence The same thing happened to floating mosque on the seafront which now is submerged in the water “Possibly there occurred lateral spreading,” he said.Palu-Koro Fault is said to be very active with movement about 44 millimeter each year Many studies or researches about this fault were carried onto dissertation Palu-Koro Fault is one of active faults in Indonesia that divides Central Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi ITB began researching about Palu Koro Fault in 2012 and the result has been presented to local government local residents already have the knowledge on earthquake and liquefaction in their local languages.“After the survey mappings on the danger of tsunami should be considered in spatial planning Buildings constructed should be tsunami resistant,” he concluded.Reporter : Adi Permana Praise is rolling in for Anthonius Gunawan Agung a young air traffic controller at Mutiara SIS Al-Jufri Airport in Palu who died on Friday evening (28/09) while jumping from a collapsing control tower shortly after ensuring that the last commercial flight cleared the runway just as a massive earthquake struck the area who would have celebrated his 22nd birthday next month is one of at least 384 people who have so far been confirmed to have died in the magnitude-7.4 earthquake that hit the coastal towns of Palu and Donggala at around 6 p.m The quake was followed about 30 minutes later by an up to 3-meter-high tsunami He waited until the aircraft was safely in the air before leaving his air traffic controller cabin," Yohanes Sirait a spokesman for state-owned flight navigation service AirNav Indonesia Agung jumped from the control tower as the top level was collapsing "We are deeply sorry and pray for his soul and other victims in the earthquake," Yohanes said A post shared by Icoze Ezoci (@icoze_ricochet) on Sep 28 Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) said Friday's earthquake originated from the Palu Koro fissure which was responsible for many large earthquakes on the island previously Thousands of people in Palu and Donggala have meanwhile been left homeless while the authorities are scrambling to restore power telecommunications and access to the area to bring in emergency supplies Palu's signing follows the recruitment of Wallabies Brandon Paenga-Amosa and Darcy Swain along with hooker Nic Dolly back-rower Nick Champion de Crespigny and front-rower Harry Johnson-Holmes ahead of the 2025 season .css-tm001h{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;color:#6B6B6B;text-decoration-color:#6B6B6B;}.css-tm001h:hover,.css-tm001h:focus,.css-tm001h:active{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#333;color:#333;}Register your interest today in a 2025 Force Membership here. began returning to school on Monday (08/10) to tidy up their classrooms and to help gather data on how many of them will be coming back 10 days after a major earthquake and tsunami hit their city 28 brought down many buildings in the provincial capital while tsunami waves smashed into its beachfront But the biggest killer was probably soil liquefaction which happens when a powerful quake turns the ground into a liquid mire and which obliterated several Palu neighborhoods The official death toll is 1,763 but bodies are still being recovered No one knows how many people are missing but it is at least in the hundreds teenagers dressed in grey-and-white uniforms swept up broken glass in the classrooms Trophies had fallen from a broken school showcase and the basketball court was cracked "It's sad to see our school like this," said Dewi Rahmawati who expects to graduate next year and wants to study economics at university The students found out that they had to turn up to school through messages on Facebook and WhatsApp School principal Kasiludin said authorities told all teachers to show up for work from Monday to collect information on student numbers "We won't force the students to come back because many are traumatized But we must start again soon to keep their spirits up and so they don't fall behind," he said School principal Abdul Rashid said he was aware of four students killed in the quake We're only collecting data to find out how many students are safe," he said "I'm still waiting for the Ministry of Education to give us instructions on when to begin classes Many children are traumatized and frightened." One boy chatting in the school compound with a few friends said he was disappointed that so few of his classmates had shown up "I want school to start as soon as possible so I can find out how my friends are doing," said Muhamad Islam Bintang Lima dressed in the school uniform of white shirt and navy-blue trousers I want to think positively; I hope they are O.K." Most of the dead from the quake and tsunami were in Palu Figures for more remote areas are trickling in but they seem to have suffered fewer deaths than the city Indonesia sees frequent earthquakes and occasional tsunamis a quake off Sumatra Island triggered a tsunami across the Indian Ocean that killed 226,000 people in 13 countries National Disaster Mitigation Agency (BNPB) spokesman Sutopo Purwo Nugroho said on Sunday that searches for bodies would stop on Thursday Debris would be cleared and areas hit by liquefaction would be turned into parks You don't have permissions to access this page Korban Meninggal Gempa dan Tsunami Palu Capai 925 Jiwa PALU, KOMPAS.com — Hingga hari ketiga, korban gempa bumi dan tsunami di Kabupaten Donggala-Kota Palu Kapendam XIII Merdeka Kolonel Inf Muhammad Thohir mengatakan hingga hari ketiga  korban meninggal yang berhasil dievakuasi sebanyak 925 jiwa Sementara untuk jumlah pengungsi sebanyak 59.450 jiwa yang terpapar di 109 titik Sementara untuk korban yang hilang sebanyak 99 jiwa," kata Kolonel Inf Thohir di posko utama Korem 132 Baca juga: H+3, Dapur Umum dan Trauma Healing untuk Korban Tsunami di Palu Dikerahkan Adapun korban yang masih tertimbun sebanyak 152 jiwa "Sementara rumah rusak sama dengan kemarin 65.733," ujarnya Ada perubahan data yakni soal penguburan massal sebanyak 53 jenazah dan besok akan ada lagi dan berdasarkan laporan yang masuk di posko utama sudah siap untuk dikubur sebanyak 140 jiwa "Salah satu lokasi paling banyak korban meninggal dievakuasi yakni di Pantai Talise Malah di Petabo dan Balaroa itu masih banyak belum kita evakuasi dan besok dilanjutkan jam 7," tuturnya Kompas Cyber Media (Kompas Gramedia Digital Group) Baca juga: '+json_baca_juga.items[i].title+' Universitas Airlangga Official Website This study aims to explore further the understanding of ethnic Kaili on human resources development  The core of the problem to be solved in this study is how Kaili ethnic group in Palu City constructs human resource development and various elements related to efforts to increase the competitiveness of human resources An important part of this study is the cultural values ​​of the Kaili ethnic group This study raises the view of the Kaili ethnic group on the basis of human resources that there is very limited written information about this ethnicity Kruyt stopped by in Palu while traveling from Poso to Lindu the result of his trip was a book entitled “Van Poso Naar Parigi Sigi En Lindue” in the book “The History of the Malay Language of Central Sulawesi 1793-1795” Collins’ work shows that Kaili’s existence in Palu has been around for centuries and has a relationship with the outside world through trade with several immigrants who trade through the Donggala port The literature used in this research is an elaboration of theory of Human Resource Development (PSDM) and the theory of social science Dreher (2016: 54) argues that investigations into the ‘sui generis reality ‘ of society require tracing by revealing where this reality was built Stewart & Sambrook (2012: 17) also stated that human resource development needs to include a more interpretivist / social constructionist perspective and increase the focus on critical approaches in academia The theory of sociology is a social construction proposed by Berger (1991) who sees that in understanding society there is a fundamental dialectical process of society which consists of three momentum Externalization is an outpouring of human selfhood continuously into the world Objectivation is the bearing of the products of activity (both physical and mental) a reality that confronts its original producers in the form of a fact (facticity) external to Internalization is the re-permeation of this reality by humans and transforming once again from the structures of the objective world into the structures of subjective consciousness With a dialectical model in which there are thesis Berger sees society as a human product and humans are a product of society All social realities have an essential component of consciousness Social consciousness builds human knowledge The method used to answer research problems is qualitative research The research location was the city of Palu By focusing on the Kaili ethnic human resources related to the formal education achieved subjects who can continue formal education to the highest education categorized as role models and subjects who cannot continue their education for various reasons and conditions subjects who drop out of school are conceptualized as “patah pinsil (broken pencils according to local community constructions Based on the social construction approach of Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann the results of the study can be concluded as follows: The supporting and inhibiting components of Kaili’s ethnic human resources competitiveness in Palu City are related to natural to increase the competitiveness of human resources it is related to the basic principle that the Kaili people must be natau (smart or clever) feel Naeya(embarrassed) if they do not improve education they must be able to carry out activities properly as shown by the concept of belo rapovia belo rakava (if you do good because the principle of belo rapovia belo rakava and majadi tau will make you a useful human according to the “broken pencils” subjects they naase nomore (enjoy the fun) so that it hinders education improvement as an effort to strengthen the competitiveness of human resources novelty which is shown by this research is that through the contribution of social science approach they can acquire information based on social knowledge related to human resource development theory which requires the input of information based on social knowledge They can be materials to be managed in the process of developing human resources Journal link related to the article above: https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/opcion/article/view/24591 Copyright 2024 © Universitas Airlangga. All Rights Reserved. PUSAT KOMUNIKASI DAN INFORMASI PUBLIK (PKIP) many other bridges and roads suffered the same fate to promote the systematic inclusion of disaster and climate resilience principles into all stages of road and bridge projects National disaster databases and disaster risk assessment systems were also reviewed This confirmed the importance of focusing on specific disasters that affect roads and bridges disproportionally in Indonesia and the impacts of which can be mitigated through enhanced guidelines and technical specifications the analysis revealed that four hazard types cause the most significant impacts to the road network: landslides The study of Indonesia’s national policies revelated that while most of these are comprehensive and generally adequate for improving the resilience of road and bridge infrastructure and rehabilitation/reconstruction practices were identified some of the main findings and recommendations suggested are: As a country highly prone to natural disasters Indonesia is committed to addressing comprehensively their impacts on lives and infrastructure The Government continues working intensively on improving specifications guidelines and practices to enhance road and bridge resilience to such events leading to reduced material and immaterial damages and overall costs The significance of roads and bridges relies heavily on their economic function connecting otherwise isolated areas to opportunities but also on their social cohesion function The objective is to avoid that the next earthquake tsunami or great flood results in such catastrophic social and economic outcomes as the ones in Central Sulawesi in 2018 Thank you for choosing to be part of the Transport for Development community The latest blog posts and blog-related announcements will be delivered directly to your email inbox Senior Disaster Risk Management Specialist The Brumbies have added Japanese prop Iroha Kishimoto USA representative Keia Mae Sagapolu and Fijian Olympic sevens bronze medalist Ana Naimasi to a settled squad under new coach Andy Friend “We’ve got a lot of girls from out of town and young girls that have come through our academy which is really exciting," Palu said to the media, who was named captain for another season. “Players like Lily Bone who was in the Australia A squad, it’s nice to see the local talent flourish and come into the international stage. “We hope for the new girls it’s coming they’re looking forward to given the Brumbies’s stature as a franchise but it allows opportunities which they’re seeking. “They’re on the international stage for a reason and I hope their insertion into the team will help bridge that gap, especially in the front-row. Hopefully, their experience can help uplift our game.” There are 21 returning players from last year's semi-final defeat, going down to eventual champions Waratahs. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Safeguard Global ACT Brumbies (@brumbiesrugby) It came 12 months after the club lost in the final minutes against the Queensland Reds in 2023, and Palu was energised by the prospect of making their maiden Final. “It takes a while for things to (come to) fruition and it’s not about how quick you finish the race, it’s all about the journey and building momentum and that continuity of players will allow us to build that,” she believes. “We’ve made two semi-finals in a row and I hope it’s that confidence piece within us, no playing that underdog, we are in it to win and we can do it.”  The Brumbies will be boosted by the mid-season arrival of Bienne Terita, Tia Hinds and Demi Hayes. The trio will link up with the squad after the Vancouver SVNS event, days before their opening round fixture in Perth against the Force. “It’s exciting. They come with great experience but provide a different element with their speed, fitness and skill. I hope it can complement our game," Palu added.