Our content is fact checked or reviewed by medical and diet professionals to reflect accuracy and ensure our readers get sound nutrition and diet advice We adhere to structured guidelines for sourcing information and linking to other resources including medical journals and scientific studies If you have any concerns about the accuracy or timeliness of our content, please reach out to our editors by e-mailing [email protected] most chains serve mass-produced sauces shipped to the local restaurant and kept fresh with preservatives and ingredients that have never touched foreign soil Suppose you are in the market for an authentic Italian experience a few chains serve up the real deal – or at least close to it – ensuring that traditional dishes like carbonara and even marinara meet the standards of native Italians Here are six Italian chains that serve authentic pasta dishes which literally translates to "eating Italian," opened in 2007 in Torino with the goal of serving up the history and food culture of the country Currently there are over 40 locations in Italy and around the world including multiple outposts in New York and other big cities like Chicago While Eataly isn't a single restaurant but a marketplace and collection of small eateries Il Fornaio is so authentic that the California-based chain was founded in 1972 as a baking school in Barlassina (Lombardia), Italy, according to the brand's website they opened their first restaurant in Las Vegas and have expanded in the decades since serving classic and authentic dishes out of 18 kitchens in California and Las Vegas All locations are supervised by Sicilian native Executive Chef Roberto Gerbino and serve "multi-generational family recipes," preparing dishes "that Italians have mastered over centuries of making great cuisine." Remember that authenticity will cost you Just a cup of traditional Minestrone Di Verdure in the Beverly Hills outpost retails for $12 While not quite as authentic as Il Fornaio Maggiano's Little Italy strives to provide customers with an Italian family-style dining experience with a slight American twist including in-house-made pasta and sauces using traditional techniques serving authentic 5-course feast with wine pairings for that big Carmine's is another family-style Italian eaterie that was started in New York City by restaurateur Artie Cutler He wanted to provide his guests "wow-factor" sized portions making any meal feel like an Italian American wedding feast Popular authentic dishes include linguine alle vongole and penne alla vodka which are made with high-quality ingredients and trademark sauces so popular you can buy them bottled North Italia brings the upscale Italian dining experience to a shopping center near you The modern-style restaurant makes pasta and sauces from scratch offering updates like gluten-free or veggie noodle options Copyright 2025 Galvanized Media Eat This Not That is part of the Dotdash Meredith Publishing Family Claudia Pelosi Interior Designer and Product-Service System Design student Curious about the world and everything around us I'm a passionate writer of Design and its countless facets Gucki “Design & Arts – Learning one thing a day” was the name of a course I attended a few years ago during my academic path in Interior Design leveraging curiosity to become a self-taught person and designer I believe that concept has many affinities with Gucki’s attitude she observes the design world and its surroundings always providing a fresh view of the latest news and historical icons Gucki – Alessandra Barlassina’s eyes and voice since 2013 – stands for “little observer” and it perfectly suits her personality Gucki gives her perspective towards the well-known Milanese event plus some inspiring advice and insights about her future plans. Gucki: “I think that when you are born in Milan, somehow design runs through your veins… I’ve always been passionate about design and architecture. I am a compulsive web surfer, I used to do thousands of web searches, and one day I thought to share my discoveries and my passion for design. Then Gucki was born Visualizza questo post su InstagramUn post condiviso da Gucki – Alessandra Barlassina (@gucki.it) Gucki: “Design Week is my favourite week of the year Skipping it for two years in a row was tough for enthusiasts like me and the design sector Milan is the most important stage in the world now with a huge void that we must fill as soon as possible Surely, it is a challenging request for companies to think of a Salone del Mobile in September and then (fingers crossed) again in April, a double commitment within 6 months, but I think this message represents new beginnings. The Salone has become a symbol of “restart” for the design sector and beyond my highest expectations are as usual towards the Fuorisalone events in the city!” What will the next design week be like? Let’s foresee Milan Design Week 2021 with Giulia Cugnasca of BASE Milano but the live experiences and synergies are unparalleled We must go back to seeing beautiful things showing the work and research of companies and designers live Gucki: “Certainly, there will be greater interaction between live and digital events. Milan Design Week has always been “the place to be” for industry enthusiasts and insiders now it will probably develop a digital presence supporting the physical event I expect to see presentations and talks to discover new products and collections remotely.“ Gucki: “What a difficult question! I can’t imagine myself collaborating with one of the masters of Italian design… If I had to mention one, I would say Achille Castiglioni: I imagine he would make me feel at ease with a simple joke, even if I was sitting next to one of the Design Giants! Or Bruno Munari too! I would have loved to listen to their chats!” Visualizza questo post su InstagramUn post condiviso da Gucki – Alessandra Barlassina (@gucki.it) Gucki: “I would recommend studying anonymous objects. Unsigned design objects have a lot to teach And then I would study everything that Enzo Mari and Bruno Munari wrote!“ Discover more about the story of Enzo Mari, the icon acknowledged as the critical conscience of design! Visualizza questo post su InstagramUn post condiviso da Gucki – Alessandra Barlassina (@gucki.it) Gucki: “I am planning a restyling of gucki.it and a new edition of my “Gucki Fuorisalone Guide” App for September’s Design Week to collect the events not to be missed and the most beautiful locations of the next Fuorisalone and Salone del Mobile 2021.” Visualizza questo post su InstagramUn post condiviso da Gucki – Alessandra Barlassina (@gucki.it) get to know the most interesting Design trends & innovations (Innovative StartUp) Registered office: Via Aurelio Saffi 29 20123 Milan (Italy) | VAT no.: 10565330965 | ROC no.: 36152 | REA no.: MI-2541466 | Share capital: 12.540€ has triggered a national debate after deciding to fix 30cm hole himself in Lombardy An Italian pensioner has pledged to fight against the “injustice” of being fined almost €900 for fixing a pothole Claudio Trenta was so frustrated by the local council’s failure to repair the 30cm pothole on a pedestrian crossing in Barlassina that the 72-year-old decided to take action himself by filling it with cold bitumen This led to a fine of €882 (£767) – but has also triggered a debate about the potholes plaguing Italy’s roads. In a post on Facebook, Trenta shared a photo of the letter he received from the police accusing him of violating the highway code. He was fined for carrying out a potentially dangerous job in a public space without permission or the competence to do so. Trenta has been ordered to restore the hole to its original state. “If they think I’m an idiot, they are wrong,” he told Corriere della Sera. “They’ve provoked me, and so now I’m filing a countercomplaint against the council for negligence.” Another wrote: “The council ought to be reimbursing you for the money spent on a bag of bitumen.” Vittorio Sgarbi, an undersecretary at the ministry of culture, joined the debate. “In addition to the highway code, there is common sense,” he said. “Common sense should have prompted the local police to thank this gentleman.” The pothole debacle has provoked significant media interest, with Trenta being invited to appear on the Mediaset programme Le Iene on Tuesday night to shed more light on the case. “I’m not used to all this publicity,” he told Monza Today. “I will fight to the bitter end to have this fine cancelled as, in my opinion, it’s an injustice. Why fine me instead of those who knew about the problem and failed to intervene?” Volume 5 - 2014 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01336 Causal selection is the cognitive process through which one or more elements in a complex causal structure are singled out as actual causes of a certain effect we report on an experiment in which we investigated the role of moral and temporal factors in causal selection when presented with a temporal chain in which two human agents perform the same action one after the other subjects tend to judge the later agent to be the actual cause the impact of temporal location on causal selection is almost canceled out if the later agent did not violate a norm while the former did We argue that this is due to the impact that judgments of norm violation have on causal selection—even if the violated norm has nothing to do with the obtaining effect moral judgments about the effect influence causal selection even in the case in which agents could not have foreseen the effect and did not intend to bring it about We discuss our findings in connection to recent theories of the role of moral judgment in causal reasoning and to probabilistic models of temporal location Mary is filling up her car at a gas station It was a tough week: she is extremely tired she spills a good amount of gasoline on the ground He knows that it is prohibited to smoke at a gas station As soon as he throws the cigarette on the ground you are faced with a problem of causal selection: you have to single out which element(s) in a complex causal structure is(are) the actual cause(s) of a certain effect the person that you pick out to be the actual cause is going to face serious trouble There are several elements that can guide your choice there is a temporal difference between Mary’s and John’s actions: the former took place before the latter while Mary spilled the gasoline accidentally will guide your judgment of actual causation If you want to know about this (and you ought to given the tremendous consequences that a judgment of actual causation might have) we report on an experiment in which we investigated how moral and temporal factors influence causal selection Here is an intuitive example of a temporal chain: the fish owned by a family needs to be fed once a day the domino effect would be an instance of an unfolding chain: the first toppling tile causes the next to fall people judge the latter event to be the actual cause if both events are physical but judge both events to be actual causes if both events are human actions The following case serves as a paradigmatic example of an opportunity chain: a man lighting a fire in the forest makes it possible for a gust of wind to spread smoke across the whole forest causal selection is influenced by moral considerations This brings us to the second main component of our study Consider the so-called Pen Case (Knobe and Fraser, 2008): The receptionist in the philosophy department keeps her desk stocked with pens The administrative assistants are allowed to take the pens but faculty members are supposed to buy their own The administrative assistants typically do take the pens The receptionist has repeatedly emailed them reminders that only administrative assistants are allowed to take the pens one of the administrative assistants encounters Professor Smith walking past the receptionist’s desk the receptionist needs to take an important message…but she has a problem When asked who caused the problem that there were no pens left participants answered that Professor Smith caused it to a significantly higher degree than they answered that the administrative assistant caused it this pattern of answers cannot be accounted for in terms of statistical information given that Professor Smith’s behavior and the assistant’s have the same typicality degree and raise the probability of the effect to the same extent since there is an important moral difference between what Professor Smith and the administrative assistant did—the former it is plausible to hypothesize that subjects’ causal selection processes were influenced by moral judgments But what exactly was wrong with Professor Smith’s behavior it was wrong because it was a norm violation; on the other hand it was wrong because it resulted in a bad effect the following question arises: what is the respective contribution of moral judgments of norm violation and moral judgments about the goodness/badness of the effect in causal selection The Norm Violation Account (NVA; Hitchcock and Knobe, 2009) maintains that the only moral judgments that impact on causal selection are moral judgments of norm violation. NVA has it that causal selection is sensitive to normality: if a subject judges an element in a causal structure to be abnormal, she will tend to select it as the actual cause. Violations of moral norms are abnormal events 4 NVA predicts that if a subject judges that a certain element in a causal structure constitutes a violation of a moral norm then she will tend to select it as the actual cause NVA explains the Pen Case as follows: subjects singled out Professor Smith as the actual cause because Professor Smith’s behavior but not the administrative assistant’s behavior The culpable control model (CCM; Alicke, 2000) instead proposes that both moral judgments of norm violation and moral judgments about the effect impact on causal selection and that they both do so through a process of blame validation Suppose that S performed action A and effect E followed two processes are involved in evaluating what S did rational process that evaluates whether S intentionally performed A affective process that evaluates the moral status of S If these spontaneous moral evaluations are sufficiently negative to trigger a blame attribution to S then the elements evaluated by the deliberative process (i.e. and foreseeability) get processed in a “blame validation mode”: in order to validate their desire to blame S people exaggerate the extent to which S intentionally did A CCM explains the Pen Case as follows: the fact that Professor Smith violated a norm and that a bad outcome occurred generated in the subjects a desire to blame Professor Smith; thus to validate their desire to blame Professor Smith subjects heightened Professor Smith’s causal role the currently available evidence does not establish how strongly causal selection is shaped by moral judgments about the goodness or badness of the effect per se and how strongly it is affected by folk psychological judgments about the foreseeability of the effect we wanted to assess the roles of moral judgments of norm violation and moral judgments about the effect in causal selection when norms and effects are entirely independent of each other the fourth aim was to explore an important but entirely overlooked issue the interplay between morality and temporality in causal selection Two thousand twenty-two participants registered with Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTURK) website were recruited and 11 people who did not identify or did not want to be identified with either gender The mean age of our sample was 30.51 (SD = 9.89 Individuals who indicated that their mother tongue was not English or did not fill out the survey completely were excluded Participants were also asked about the amount of philosophical training they had received in the past: None = 396 A statistical analysis revealed neither significant differences between the responses of females and males nor significant differences between the responses of participants who had some philosophical training and those who did not We started from the following synchronous, neutral effect, no-norm scenario involving a temporal chain (Scenario 1)5: They work in different rooms and both of them sometimes need to access the central computer of the company if two people are logged in to the central computer at the same time an empty email is immediately sent from the central computer to a non-existent email address Alice logs in to the central computer at 9 am an empty email is sent from the central computer to a non-existent email address We then manipulated this scenario along three dimensions: (A) temporal location (synchronous, Alice first, Zoe first); (B) moral status of the effect (neutral, good, bad)6; (C) norm violation (no norm, Zoe violates a norm), thus obtaining the following 3 × 3 × 2 experimental design (Table 1): Labeling structure of the scenarios that were presented to subjects given the 3 × 3 × 2 experimental design some spam e-mails containing dangerous viruses are immediately deleted from the central computer some spam e-mails containing dangerous viruses are deleted from the central computer some work e-mails containing important customer information are immediately deleted from the central computer In order to make sure that one person is always available to answer incoming phone calls the company issued the following official policy: Alice is the only one permitted to log in to the central computer in the mornings whereas Zoe is the only one permitted to log in to the central computer in the afternoons Zoe logs in to the central computer at 9 am some work e-mails containing important customer information are deleted from the central computer Each participant received only one of these 18 scenarios and was either asked a single forced-choice question about causal attribution (Q1: 1283 individuals) or two questions in randomized order regarding the blameworthiness/praiseworthiness of certain acts described by the scenario (Q2 and Q3: 739 individuals) In order to make sure that no person had already been acquainted with one of the scenarios before participants who answered more than one vignette were excluded Depending on the scenario the subject was presented with s/he answered one of the following questions: Neutral: Who caused an empty email to be sent from the central computer to a non-existent email address Bad: Who caused some work e-mails containing important customer information to be deleted from the central computer Good: Who caused some spam e-mails containing dangerous viruses to be removed from the central computer (Subjects had to choose one among the following five answers: (i) Alice Q2: How would you evaluate Alice’s logging in to the computer on a scale from ‘-3’ to ‘3’ where ‘-3’ means ‘Very blameworthy,’ ‘0’ means ‘Neither blameworthy nor praiseworthy’ and ‘3’ means ‘Very praiseworthy’ Q3: How would you evaluate Zoe’s logging in to the computer Multinomial logistic regression was applied to integrate the three independent categorical variables temporal location and norm violation in a statistical model designed to identify predictors of causal attribution All analyses were performed with SPSS Statistics 22 Two models showed a high fit to the data according to fit indices Pearson χ2 Pseudo R2 (Cox & Snell) and Likelihood Ratio Test all independent factors plus an interaction between norm violation and temporal order yield Pearson (χ2 = 46.441; p = 0.224) and Cox & Snell = 0.490 with all factors highly significant an additional interaction between norm violation and effect turned out to be marginally significant p = 0.055 with Pearson (χ2 = 29.978; p = 0.569) and Cox & Snell = 0.496 No significant interaction between effect and temporal order was found Parameter estimates indicated that subjects were significantly less likely to select ‘Alice’ rather than ‘Both’ as the actual cause when Alice and Zoe logged in together (B = -1.364; p = 0.013) subjects were significantly more likely to select ‘Zoe’ as the actual cause rather than ‘Both’ (B = 0.579; p = 0.034); on the other hand subjects were significantly less likely to select ‘Zoe’ rather than ‘Both’ as the actual cause when Zoe did not violate any norm (B = -5.173; p < 0.001) subjects were less likely to select ‘None of the two’ rather than ‘Both’ as the actual cause when the effect was neutral (B = -2.197 p = 0.003) or good (B = -1.400; p = 0.025) Fisher’s Exact Test was used to determine possible significant relationships between two scenarios in the 3 × 3 × 2 experimental design operating with a 3 × 3 × 2 × 5 contingency table Fisher’s Exact Test was necessary because some frequencies inside the contingency table were lower than 5 Repeating Fisher’s Exact Test for various pairwise comparisons made it necessary to adjust the level of significance Having limited our analysis to 14 pairwise comparisons the level of significance reduced to 0.0036 (using conservative Bonferroni correction) The first analysis provided results on how temporal location impacted on causal selection in a temporal chain when the effect was held neutral and no norm violation occurred. Three conditions were compared: Scenario 1: both Alice and Zoe log in at the same time (N = 81); Scenario 2: Alice logs in first (N = 80); Scenario 3: Zoe logs in first (N = 40). As can be seen in Figure 1 in Scenario 1 81.5% of subjects selected ‘Both’ and 11.1% of subjects opted for ‘None of the two.’ On the other hand the percentage of people who chose ‘Both’ reduced to 42.5% and 36.4% respectively with 40.0% selecting ‘Zoe’ in Scenario 2 and 47.7% selecting ‘Alice’ in Scenario 3 The difference between Scenario 3 and Scenario 1 was significant (χ2 = 44.847; p < 0.001); however there was no significant difference between Scenario 2 and Scenario 3 when the names Alice and Zoe are interchanged (χ2 = 1.153; p = 0.920) Impact of temporal order on causal judgments Causal ratings in % for Scenario 1 (Alice and Zoe log in synchronously) The effect is held neutral and no rule violation occurs The next analysis assessed how modifying the moral status of the effect impacted on causal selection when no norm was violated and the two agents acted simultaneously. As can been seen in Figure 2 changing the effect from neutral to good (Scenario 1 vs N = 69) did not have any impact on people’s causal selection process: 81.5% vs 81.2% choosing ‘Both’ and 11.1% vs 13% choosing ‘None of the two’—no significant difference between both conditions: (χ2 = 0.832; p = 0.987) changing the outcome from neutral to bad (Scenario 1 vs N = 74) had a significant effect on people’s responses: the amount of ‘Both’ responses dropped from 81.5 to 48.6% whereas the percentage of ‘None of the two’ responses rose from 11.1 to 43.2% Impact of the moral status of the effect on causal judgments Causal ratings in % for Scenario 1 (neutral effect) Alice and Zoe both log in synchronously and do not violate a rule To assess the impact of norm violation on causal selection, Scenario 1 (Alice and Zoe log in at the same time; neutral effect; no norm violation) and Scenario 10 (Alice and Zoe log in at the same time; neutral effect; Zoe violates a norm) were compared. As shown by Figure 3 whereas 81.5% selected ‘Both’ to be the cause in Scenario 1 74 of 92 participants consider Zoe to be the sole cause when she violated the company policy (χ2 = 127.198; p < 0.001) Impact of norm violation on causal judgments Comparison of the causal ratings in % for Scenario 1 (no rule violation) and Scenario 10 (Zoe violates a rule) The effect is held neutral and Alice and Zoe log in synchronously Scenarios 2, 5, and 8 were compared to investigate how the moral status of the effect impacted on causal selection when no norm was violated and the two agents acted one after the other (Figure 4) no significant difference between the neutral scenario (Scenario 2 N = 83) increased the percentage of the ‘None of the two’ answer from 9.9 to 37.3% (χ2 = 17.746; p = 0.001) Impact of the moral status of the effect on causal judgments in the asynchronous condition Causal ratings in % for Scenario 2 (neutral effect) Scenario 5 (good effect) and Scenario 8 (bad effect) This latter result (χ2 = 12.337; p = 0.007) was marginally significant after results were Bonferroni-corrected Impact of temporal order on causal judgments in the rule violation condition Causal ratings in % for Scenario 10 (Alice and Zoe log in synchronously) To assess the impact of moral judgments about the effect on causal selection when a norm is violated, Scenarios 10 (Alice and Zoe log in at the same time; neutral effect; Zoe violates a norm), 13 (Alice and Zoe log in at the same time; good effect; Zoe violates a norm) and 16 (Alice and Zoe log in at the same time; bad effect; Zoe violates a norm) were compared (Figure 6) the amount of people who considered Zoe to be the sole cause slightly decreased when a positive effect was presented and slightly rose for a negative effect neither of these differences was significant (χ2 = 3.565 The difference between Scenario 13 and Scenario 16 was marginally significant (χ2 = 12.359; p = 0.004) after Bonferroni correction Impact of the moral status of the effect on causal judgments in asynchronous Causal ratings in % for Scenario 10 (neutral effect) Scenario 13 (good effect) and Scenario 16 (bad effect) For computing significant relationships in people’s attributions of blame in pairwise comparisons Bonferroni-corrected Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used People rated the blame-/ praiseworthiness of Alice and Zoe on a 7-point Likert scale with ‘-3’ meaning ‘extremely blameworthy’ and ‘3’ meaning ‘extremely praiseworthy’ Impact of the moral status of the effect on blame judgments Blame ratings on a 7-point Likert scale with ’-3’ meaning ‘extremely blameworthy’ and ‘3’ meaning ‘extremely praiseworthy’ Subjects rated the blame-/praiseworthiness of Zoe and Alice in scenarios without norm violation Impact of rule violation on blame judgments Subjects rated the blame-/praiseworthiness of Zoe and Alice in scenarios with synchronous logging in when presented with two asynchronous actions in an opportunity chain people tend to judge both actions to be actual causes Further investigation is needed to establish why causal reasoning about temporal chains and opportunity chains differ with respect to the influence of temporal order hence CCM predicts that subjects’ judgments of actual causation should not be different in these two conditions in order for one to be held responsible for a negative effect E when an unintended and unforeseen positive/neutral effect follows a certain action A performed by a certain subject S people are willing to consider A as the cause of E since they are willing to hold S morally responsible for E; in contrast when an unintended and unforeseen negative effect follows a certain action A performed by a certain subject S people are reluctant to consider A as the cause of E since the anti-bad luck condition prevents them to judge S to be morally responsible for E we did not directly investigate subjects’ judgments of moral responsibility further evidence is needed to assess an explanation of our results along these lines Further evidence is needed to adjudicate among these hypotheses our study established that temporal location and norm violation are all significant predictors of judgments of actual causation In line with probabilistic models of temporal location is significantly weakened if the second agent did not violate a norm and the first did neither of these theories can account for the role of moral judgments about the effect in causal reasoning The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest We would like to thank the following people for their most helpful comments and suggestions: Cesare Aloisi We are particularly grateful to Joshua Knobe for his support Luca Barlassina’s work was funded by the Alexander Von Humboldt Foundation Raphael van Riel’s work was funded by the Volkswagenstiftung CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Culpable control and the psychology of blame CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Google Scholar “Causing and nothingness,” in Causation and Counterfactuals Google Scholar CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar “Attributions of causation and moral responsibility,” in Moral psychology 2: The cognitive science of morality: Intuition and diversity Google Scholar Ambiguity and uncertainty in probabilistic inference CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Selecting explanations from causal chains: do statistical principles explain preferences for voluntary causes Google Scholar “The course of events: counterfactuals and explanation,” in The Psychology of Counterfactual Thinking Google Scholar Google Scholar Causal primacy and comparative fault: the effect of position in a causal chain on judgements of legal responsibility The concept of intentional action: a case study in the uses of folk psychology CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar “Causal judgment and moral judgment: two experiments,” in Moral Psychology 2:The Cognitive Science of Morality: Intuition and Diversity Google Scholar Judgments of cause and blame: the effects of intentionality and foreseeability Judgments of voluntary and physical causes in causal chains: probabilistic and social functionalist criteria for attributions Temporal order and the perceived mutability of events: implications for blame assignment CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar N’gbala Mental simulation and causal attribution: when simulating an event does not affect fault assignment CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Concepts of negligence and intention in the assignment of moral responsibility CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Two types of typicality: rethinking the role of statistical typicality in ordinary causal attributions “Omissions and causal explanations,” in Agency and Causation in the Human Sciences Google Scholar Relative importance of prior and immediate events: a causal primacy effect CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Citation: Reuter K, Kirfel L, van Riel R and Barlassina L (2014) The good, the bad, and the timely: How temporal order and moral judgment influence causal selection. Front. Psychol. 5:1336. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01336 Copyright © 2014 Reuter, Kirfel, van Riel and Barlassina. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited in accordance with accepted academic practice distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms *Correspondence: Luca Barlassina, Department of Philosophy, University of Sheffield, 45 Victoria Street, Sheffield S3 7QB, UK e-mail:bC5iYXJsYXNzaW5hQHNoZWZmaWVsZC5hYy51aw== Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish ONIRO Group organized an evening to talk about dreams in a tribute to the Greek divinity for which the group is named With a special guest: the writer Alessandro Baricco opportunities to talk about creativity are frequent And some of them manage to be radically different than all the others As in the case of the lecture/performance organized by ONIRO Group on 12 January at Teatro Belloni in Barlassina On a stage set up with a few pieces of furniture the writer Alessandro Baricco acted as a special guide talking about five books in which the dream is the protagonist and reading various excerpts: Dracula by Bram Stoker Fictions by Jorge Luis Borges (from which he chose the story Funes the Memorious) The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka (also with a quotation from The Trial) The House of the Sleeping Beauties by Yasunari Kawabata All these titles are part of the Biblioteca del Sogno the company behind various luxury interior design brands: Jumbo Collection containing over 250 titles (the number is constantly growing) is open to the public and covers various categories of books that narrate the world of dreams from multiple perspectives Classics of psychology by Freud and Jung meet modern theories of the neurosciences works in prose and poetry that describe nocturnal dreams and daydreams photographers and designers who have taken inspiration from the world of dreams to make their works “Baricco is simply the best possible narrator,” says Livio Ballabio – “It came naturally to entrust him with the illustration of a powerful the young pianist Federica Tremolada performed compositions by Claude Debussy The intense event was the first appointment organized by Voce al Sogno the multifaceted editorial project invented by ONIRO Lab; an invitation to come to terms with various visions of the dream world in our culture The largest diffusion magazine in the luxury & design world Privacy Policy(function (w,d) {var loader = function () {var s = d.createElement("script") tag = d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.src="https://cdn.iubenda.com/iubenda.js"; tag.parentNode.insertBefore(s,tag);}; if(w.addEventListener){w.addEventListener("load" false);}else if(w.attachEvent){w.attachEvent("onload" loader);}else{w.onload = loader;}})(window Industry news and insights from Europe and around the World Keep up-to-date with the latest new products and technology SWEDEN/ITALY: Systemair has acquired Tecnair LV the close control air conditioning unit manufacturer and member of the Lu-Ve Group The deal sees Systemair acquiring 80% of the shares from Lu-Ve and the remaining 20% from the Monti family. Tecnair LV achieved sales of €12m with an EBITDA of €1.2m and a positive net financial position adjusted of €1.2m The purchase contract is said to include representation and warranties customary for this kind of transaction on the international markets Lu-Ve Group and Systemair will enter into a long-term global agreement for the supply to Systemair of heat exchangers coils and related products the two companies will continue to expand their cross-selling activity related to close control air conditioning units Tecnair is located adjacent to the Lu-Ve factory in Uboldo but will relocate to Systemair’s existing premises in Barlassina 15km away The Italian market accounts for about 25% of Tecnair’s sales and the rest is exported mainly within Europe Lu-Ve Group president Iginio Liberali said: “I am confident that Tecnair LV will have even better opportunities to continue developing under the ownership of Systemair and at the same time this transaction creates a new promising cooperation with an important group such as Systemair.” Systemair president and CEO Roland Kasper stated that Tecnair complements Systemair in multiple areas “We also see good synergies by coordinating production product development and sales of Tecnair with our existing facility in Barlassina Through the acquisition we get a stronger market position and good synergies in the field of air conditioning products in the European market,” he said Cooling Post is the leading online resource covering latest news and developments in the cooling industry air conditioning news and the latest heat pump developments Privacy & Cookie Policy © Copyright 2025, Cooling Post Ltd - All Rights Reserved | Website by Capital Web The feast of Our Lady of Palestine on Sunday was an occasion to pray for peace in the Holy Land About 300 people gathered in Der Rafat for a solemn Mass animated by seminarians of Beit Jala Because of the current security situation fewer people were able to attend than last year There were fervent prayers peace and prayers for Patriarch Fouad Twal Patriarchal Vicar in Nazareth presided over the Mass in the church of Der Rafat Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General Emeritus patriarchal vicar for the Hebrew-speaking Catholics and Mgr Tom Burns Bishop of the diocese of Menevia in Wales who is on pilgrimage with an English delegation of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem.In his homily Mgr Marcuzzo reflected on the importance of the Virgin Mary in the lives of all Palestinians and especially the impact she had on Mary Alphonisine and Mariam Bawardi the two Palestinian Saints who were canonized this year.The celebration was followed by a meal prepared by the sisters of the convent with the help of two families who worked together to prepare for the joyous day.The shrine of Der Rafat built in 1927 at the initiative of HB Barlassina was entrusted to the French community of the Sisters of Bethlehem the protector of the Holy Land has been venerated officially since 1933 a date which the Holy See recognized and approved.The prayer to Our Lady of Palestine prayer was written by HB Barlassina in 1926 Israeli settlers occupy Christian village near Bethlehem The Popemobile of Peace: Pope Francis' final gift to Gaza Missionary sister pays tribute to her cousin We offer publicity space for Catholic groups/organisations. See our advertising page if you would like more information ICN aims to provide speedy and accurate news coverage of all subjects of interest to Catholics and the wider Christian community As our audience increases - so do our costs You can support our journalism by advertising with us or donating to ICN The Feast of Our Lady of Palestine was established in 1927 by the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, Luigi Barlassina His purpose was to ask Our Lady for her protection of Palestine and the Holy City of Jerusalem This feast day was approved by the Holy See in 1933 and is celebrated every October 25 the faithful were also asked to join in praying to the Virgin Mary for special protection for her native land The title “Our Lady of Palestine” seems to suggest that the feast is in honor of an apparition of the Blessed Mother The origins of this feast date back to the First Crusade which took place between the years 1095 and 1102 The Holy Land has always been a sacred place for Christians and there has always been a deep-seated desire to protect it this was the Holy Family's “hometown.” This is where Jesus was born In the year 614, the Persians conquered Jerusalem and destroyed many churches, including the Church of the Holy Sepulchre re-established Byzantine rule in Jerusalem and recovered the True Cross Thus began rule by a succession of Arab dynasties the year the First Crusade reconquered the land War continued off and on. In the year 1229, with the Sixth Crusade led by the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick II, Jerusalem and other Christian sites were returned to the Crusader kingdom. It was also during this same year that the Franciscans established themselves in Jerusalem near the Fifth Station of Via Dolorosa (the “Way of Sorrow” -- the traditional route that Jesus traveled when carrying His cross) and rejoicing in this part of the world we call the Holy Land this Feast Day was not initiated until 1927 After the First Crusade, its leader, Godfrey de Bouillon founded the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem The order's purpose was to defend the Holy Sepulchre and support the Christian presence in the Holy Land In 1291 the authority to bring new Knights into the Order was transferred to the Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land which would become the highest Catholic authority in the region Christians did not emphasize Palestine as a political area as much as the homeland of Jesus and Mary Who better than Mary to approach for comfort and protection Our Lady of Palestine is so universally loved that the church built in her honor has angels painted on the ceiling holding ribbons with the words “Ave Maria” in 280 different languages Today, the Equestrian Order is made up of faithful Christians from all over the world whose primary purpose is to support the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem and its Christian community The Shrine of Our Lady of Palestine is located midway between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv The front of the church has an inscription on it that reads “Reginae Palaestinae” (the Queen of Palestine) stretching six meters (almost 20 feet) high It represents Our Lady of Palestine watching over the Holy Land behold us prostrate before thy exalted throne Full of confidence in thy goodness and in thy boundless power we beseech thee to turn a pitying glance upon Palestine and from there hast given the Redeemer to the world Remember that there especially thou wast constituted our tender Mother with special protection over thy native country for it was there that the Son of Eternal Justice shone Bring about the speedy fulfillment of the promise which issued from the lips of thy Divine Son that there should be one fold and one Shepherd Obtain for us all that we may serve the Lord in sanctity and justice during all the days of our life by the merits of Jesus and with thy motherly aid we may pass at last from this earthly Jerusalem to the splendors of the heavenly one More information can be found here. Get Aleteia delivered to your inbox. It’s free! Articles like these are sponsored free for every Catholic through the support of generous readers just like you. Please make a tax-deductible donation today! Help us continue to bring the Gospel to people everywhere through uplifting Catholic news, stories, spirituality, and more. Genome-wide association studies have identified a high number of genetic loci associated with hypertension suggesting the presence of an underlying polygenic architecture. In this study, we aimed to dissect the polygenic component of primary hypertension searching also for pathway-specific components. The polygenic risk score (PRS) models, based on the UK biobank genetic signals for hypertension status, were obtained on a target Italian case/control cohort including 561 cases and 731 hyper-normal controls from HYPERGENES, and were then applied to an independent validation cohort composed by multi-countries European-based samples including 1,284 cases and 960 hyper-normal controls. The development of pathway-specific PRS could prioritize biological mechanisms, according to their contribution to the genetic susceptibility, whose regulations might be a potential pharmacological preventive target. Volume 9 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.814502 This article is part of the Research TopicInsights in Hypertension: 2021View all 7 articles Introduction and Objectives: Genome-wide association studies have identified a high number of genetic loci associated with hypertension suggesting the presence of an underlying polygenic architecture we aimed to dissect the polygenic component of primary hypertension searching also for pathway-specific components Methods: The polygenic risk score (PRS) models based on the UK biobank genetic signals for hypertension status were obtained on a target Italian case/control cohort including 561 cases and 731 hyper-normal controls from HYPERGENES and were then applied to an independent validation cohort composed by multi-countries European-based samples including 1,284 cases and 960 hyper-normal controls Results: The resulting genome-wide PRS was capable of stratifying the individuals for hypertension risk by comparing between individuals in the last PRS decile and the median decile: we observed an odds ratio (OR) of 3.62 5.10] (P = 6.47E-08) in the target and validation cohorts The relatively high case/control ORs across PRS quantiles corroborates the presence of strong polygenic components which could be driven by an enrichment of risk alleles within the cases but also by potential enrichment of protective alleles in the old normotensive controls novel pathway-specific PRS revealed an enrichment of the polygenic signal attributable to specific biological pathways Among those the most significantly associated with hypertension status was the calcium signaling pathway together with other mainly related such as the phosphatidylinositol/inositol phosphate pathways Conclusions: The development of pathway-specific PRS could prioritize biological mechanisms according to their contribution to the genetic susceptibility whose regulations might be a potential pharmacological preventive target While a classic genome-wide PRS combining the effects of all hypertension-associated SNPs may be more powerful for corroborating the presence of a highly polygenic genetic signal for hypertension a pathway-specific PRS may be a more powerful predictor of specific biomarkers contributing to an enriched component of the underlying hypertension pathology thus leading to a greater comprehension of individual hypertension predisposition we computed both a genome-wide and a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) derived pathway-specific PRS for hypertension in a Caucasian case/control target cohort The derived models were then applied to an independent validation cohort in association with hypertension status the analysis of hypertension pathway-specific PRS in the target and in the validation HYPERGENES cohorts revealed some pathways characterized by a prominent genetic association the mean age was significantly higher in normotensives than in hypertensives Since aging is associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension we selected exclusively hyper-controls older than 50-year-old allowing for the exclusion of subjects that developed hypertension at a later age the distribution of age was bimodal and we excluded it as an explanatory variable in the PRS the DBP and SBP pressures were also significantly higher in hypertensives with respect to controls All participants were unrelated and of European ancestry Demographic and phenotypic characteristics of target and validation cohorts Samples were genotyped using Illumina 1M-Duo array. As the data were already used for a GWAS on hypertension we refer the readers to the previous work for details on genotyping data generation (18). In the present work data were re-imputed using V3 of 1,000 genomes project (19). Details on genotype data processing can be found in the Supplementary Material PRS was computed using a clumping-thresholding approach by means of PRSice software (20) The pipeline generates clumps around SNPs (by considering flanking genomic regions of 250 kb) with P-value of associations lower than a given threshold and retain only variants that are not in linkage with the indexed variants (variants with an r2 of correlations > 0.1 were considered in linkage) The process is repeated iteratively through all index SNPs starting from the smallest P-value and allowing each SNP to appear only in one clump A PRS so defined contains the most significantly phenotype-associated SNPs (according to the reference GWAS) for each linkage-disequilibrium (LD) filtered clump across the entire genome The PRS is then computed as the weighted sum of the risk alleles where the weights represent the strength of association with the phenotype as represented by the beta coefficients of the reference genome-wide summary statistics (i.e. Polygenic risk score for hypertension were built according to the variant effect sizes retrieved from the GWAS on hypertension performed on UK Biobank dataset including 144,793 cases and 313,761 controls (21) The summary statistics from UK Biobank GWAS were used as base associations (i.e. to match variant names and corresponding genomic coordinates and to derive the betas from the GWAS to be used as weights of the tested alleles) Different PRS were created over a range of five P-values thresholds Hypertension-PRS based on a reference hypertension-GWAS performed on the UK Biobank were calculated in the Italian hypertension (HT) case/control target cohort from the HYPERGENES dataset The models were then validated in an independent European-wide HT case/control cohort within the HYPERGENES dataset The analysis was performed both for genome-wide PRS and for pathway-specific PRS according to 186 KEGG-pathways In order to test for the prediction performance of the models the receiving operating curves (ROC) were derived and the corresponding area under the curves (AUC) were computed The DeLong's test was applied to compare the AUC of the full models and of the covariate-models and thus to assess the additional specific contribution in the prediction performance attributable to the PRS Since pathway-specific PRS are based on a small number of variants, full models (i.e., no P-value filtering) after clumping were generated for each pathway so to capture the overall genetic signal present in the pathway, an approach proved to be effective to obtain to study pathways-specific associations (23) False discovery rate was applied to correct for multiple-testing Beside self-contained P-values also pathway-specific competitive P-values were generated through a permutation based-approach aimed at the evaluation of a potential enrichment in the genetic signal attributable to specific gene-sets Namely a background set of SNPs is defined by considering all variants belonging to any genes and thus included for pathway-specific PRS The pathway specific P-value is compared to the null distribution of P-values obtained by randomly selecting n times (where n is the number of permutations) k variants from the background set (where k is number of variants in the analyzed pathway specific PRS) In the present work 10 k permutations were applied to derive the empirical P-values (i.e. competitive P-values) used to assess to which extent the genetic signal is enriched in a given pathway with respect to the underlying genome-wide association signal The z-score for each pathway was derived as the ratio between the PRS effect size and standard error of the corresponding logistic regression while the Pearson correlation coefficient of the z-scores was used to assess the correlation of the pathway-specific PRS in the target and in the validation cohort Bar plot displaying the model fit of the PRS at P-value threshold In the x-axis are reported the P-value thresholds used to filter for the variants to be included in the PRS computation Above the bar are reported the P-values of the logistic association test In order to test to which extent PRS can differentiate individuals for the hypertension risk we stratified the individuals in deciles according to the PRS and we compared the OR across the different groups. Both in the target and in the validation cohort we observed that the higher the decile the higher the OR (Table 2, Figure 3) ORs between hypertensive cases and normotensive controls by grouping the samples according to the PRS deciles (A: target cohort; B: validation cohort) The points represent the OR point estimates and the lines represent the corresponding standard errors The comparison of the ROC in full model and in the covariate-only model in both cohorts showed that PRS improves the discrimination between cases and controls (Figure 4) The AUC of the full model including PRS was significantly greater than the AUC reached by the only covariates model (DeLong's test P = 2.47E-09 and P = 8.97E-12 in the target and in the validation cohort the AUC of the covariates-only model (thus including BMI sex and 4PC) reached and AUC of 0.68 and 0.66 in the target and validation cohort The inclusion of PRS in the model led to an AUC of 0.75 and 0.73 in the target and in the validation cohort Target (A) and validation (B) ROC of the full model including PRS and covariates (darker line) and of the covariates-only (i.e. We further examined the pathway-specific PRS for enrichment of the polygenic signal by analyzing the polygenic signal that can be attributed to KEGG pathways by considering variants located in gene-region. A total of 175,488 variants across 11,950 genes were included in pathway analysis. Pathway-specific PRS in the target cohort detected a total of 21 significant (FDR adjusted) associations out of the 186 analyzed KEGG pathways derived-PRS (see Supplementary Table 2) The identified 21 pathway-based PRS were also significantly enriched with respect to the background PRS signal as assessed by the empirical-competitive (Emp_P) P-value Pathway-specific PRS were also computed in the multi-countries validation cohort by considering the same variants some of which were shared among five pathways (n = 4) three (n = 18) or between two pathways (n = 89) The most common genes among the pathways were related to the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase the phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit the inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase gene families as well as the phospholipase C isoforms and the Akt serine/threonine kinases Significant pathway-specific PRS in both target and validation cohorts In the present study a strong association between PRS based on UK Biobank data and the hypertension status was detected in two independent case/control cohorts. The best fitting model was obtained considering 2,167 clumped variants confirming that hypertension is a highly polygenic trait as already verified in other larger cohorts (8, 9) maybe reflecting the choice of SNPs and weights for PRS differing between populations due to LD and allele frequency patterns differences we observed that in HYPERGENES dataset a prediction model for hypertension combining both clinical risk factors (i.e. sex and BMI) and PRS reached a significantly higher AUC with respect to a model based on only covariates Beside the primary purpose in the definition of disease status, PRS may be also informative to gain insight into the potential disease-related biological pathways by addressing their genetic contribution in PRS (28) as the analyzed genotyping data are based on post-imputed genotyping datasets the selected variants for the best-PRS might be a proxy in LD with the true causal variants we computed pathway-specific PRS to investigate to which extent the genetic variability located in genes belonging to specific biological processes is driving the current genome-wide PRS associations thus prioritizing biological mechanisms overlapping putative core biological previously studied and newly mechanisms The advent of clinically relevant polygenic scores and the related biological specific-pathways mechanisms also purposes novel backgrounds for potential pharmacological preventive targeting in several pathologies related to hypertension Further studies of personalized treatment of each individual could allow randomization to clinical trials and biomarker studies to be stratified based on evidence of involvement of specific biological pathways The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author/s and PM recruited the subjects and performed the assessments of patients CL and PM revised critically the manuscript content All the authors read and approved the final manuscript All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2022.814502/full#supplementary-material Pharmacogenomics and hypertension: current insights Global burden of hypertension and systolic blood pressure of at least 110 to 115 mm Hg Towards precision medicine for hypertension: a review of genomic and microbiomic effects on blood pressure in experimental rat models and humans Genetic predisposition to high blood pressure and lifestyle factors: associations with midlife blood pressure levels and cardiovascular events PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Genome-wide association analysis 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PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Lanzani C and Manunta P (2022) Dissecting the Polygenic Basis of Primary Hypertension: Identification of Key Pathway-Specific Components Received: 13 November 2021; Accepted: 19 January 2022; Published: 16 February 2022 Copyright © 2022 Maj, Salvi, Citterio, Borisov, Simonini, Glorioso, Barlassina, Glorioso, Thijs, Kuznetsova, Cappuccio, Zhang, Staessen, Cusi, Lanzani and Manunta. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited *Correspondence: Carlo Maj, Y21hakB1bmktYm9ubi5kZQ== †These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship Alessandro Rossi, editorial director at Forbes (Italy), talks to  Cision’s  Mario Cipriano about its plans for launching an Italian language edition in print and online next month We would like to make a popular high-end newspaper What did you do before your appointment as editorial director of the new Forbes by publisher Blue Financial Communication I have been working at BFC for 15 years as editorial director and member of the board I contributed to the launch of the weekly financial magazine Milano Finanza and to the daily newspaper MF also working in the economic editorial team of the daily newspaper La Repubblica and launching and directing Bloomberg Investimenti I also directed a generalist newspaper in Florence and collaborated with several Italian newspapers What excites you most about the new launch It is no coincidence that Forbes Italy is my fourth magazine launch I am fascinated by the challenge of the new and to be able to bring an international publication to Italy I’ve already successfully done this with Bloomberg The editorial team will be lead by Marco Barlassina and the title will feature journalists They will bring quality and experience to an editorial team mainly made of young journalists The web editorial team will be led by Marco Barlassina too and will have a dozen reporters Weisz asked for a serious overhaul following the difficulties faced the season prior and the key new players were Aurelio Marchese from Sanremo and the light-hearted but rebellious striker from Montevideo Bologna had their great centre-forward and it was Hector Puricelli Seña It was a good omen as his name Seña sounds like the Italian word for scoring He was brilliant in the air to put it lightly nine of which came from headers as he received great service from Biavati as his magnificent timing allowed him to get there before any defender winning at Genoa and Bari thanks to his goals The incredibly difficult situation faced by Arpad Weisz then seemed to affect the team as they lost a couple of games heavily the great Coach made his departure fleeing for France during the long journey with his family that tragically led to his death in a concentration camp Dall’Ara called his old friend Hermann Felsner who was able to leave Milan and eager to come back Liguria flew out the blocks with Bologna catching up thanks to a sensational 19-game unbeaten run that only ended in April with a 1-0 loss to Juventus with Puricelli missing and it was a controversial goal Sansone’s team were winter champions along with the Genoa club who soon fell away after a draw in Puglia challenges from Ambrosiana and Torino were fought off thanks to the efforts of top scorer Puricelli Bologna became champions of Italy for the fifth time at Roma’s Campo Testaccio with two games to spare | TEL +39 0516111111 | FAX +39 0516111122 | P.Iva 02260700378 | © 2025 Website by blossom.it In Italy an elderly man was fined almost €900 after he voluntarily fixed a pothole in the road Claudio Trenta was angry because the Local Council never repaired a large 30 centimetre hole in the village of Barlassina in Lombardy The 72-year-old man decided to take it upon himself and filled the hole himself This led to his being fined which sparked a debate about potholes in the roads the man shared the letter he received from the Police accusing him of violating road regulations He was charged with carrying out works in a public space without authorisation and without any competence to do this work He was ordered to return the road to its status quo ante with some saying that he should have been compensated and not fined.