Italian artist ECO unveils La Cura, a project that merges art and urban regeneration in Barzanò, a small town in the heart of Brianza, Italy Barzanò retains a slower pace of life fostering close social connections and community vibrancy lies a stark void—a disused building complex that serves as both a witness to the town’s history and a symbol of its neglect a former elementary school built during the Fascist era embodies the architectural characteristics of that period It remains a significant marker of the town’s identity and memory becoming a ‘living ghost’ after years of abandonment The structure stands as a deep wound in the townscape Despite numerous efforts by successive administrations to restore and repurpose the property the building continues to demand attention and care La Cura thread installation extends across the building’s main facade, presenting an artistic intervention aimed at awakening public consciousness. Urging residents to move beyond mere awareness, the public artwork calls for collective meaningful action to harness the energy required for the structure’s redevelopment ECO challenges viewers to reflect on their role in preserving community identity all images by Andrea Bassani | courtesy of ECO The initiative transforms public art into a form of participatory activism, involving the local community to reveal the hidden potential of neglected spaces. By consciously leveraging abandonment as an opportunity, the artist seeks to spark virtuous cycles of recovery and restoration with one of the highest numbers of abandoned or poorly restored buildings in the world faces an ongoing challenge in redirecting energy toward sustainable rehabilitation This issue is exacerbated by indifference and the growing disparity between neglected rural areas and overdeveloped urban centers The increasing demand for space in cities risks undermining Italy’s delicate urban fabric which is defined by its unique and varied environmental contexts Barzanò becomes a poignant example—a starting point for a series of projects aimed at confronting and healing the scars on Italy’s identity emphasizing that the decision to restore these spaces is not merely architectural but also a moral imperative La Cura by Italian artist ECO merges art with urban regeneration in Barzanò the installation revives a disused Fascist-era elementary school—a stark void in the town’s vibrant fabric La Cura transforms the school’s main facade into an artistic intervention by highlighting the potential of abandonment ECO sparks new opportunities for recovery and restoration years of abandonment have turned the structure into a ‘living ghost’ within the urban landscape the abandoned school is both a witness to Barzanò’s history and a poignant symbol of neglect La Cura reimagines public art as participatory activism involving the community in revitalizing neglected spaces advocating for the restoration of community and identity Barzanò becomes a symbolic starting point for healing the scars of neglect in Italy’s architectural heritage name: La Cura artist: ECO | @followthe.eco photography: Andrea Bassani | @bassa.mc designboom has received this project from our DIY submissions feature, where we welcome our readers to submit their own work for publication. see more project submissions from our readers here. edited by: christina vergopoulou | designboom happening now! partnering with antonio citterio, AXOR presents three bathroom concepts that are not merely places of function, but destinations in themselves — sanctuaries of style, context, and personal expression. 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Unlock unlimited access to all IAM content Volume 11 - 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00943 This article is part of the Research TopicSociomateriality in Children with Typical and/or Atypical DevelopmentView all 15 articles In this case-report we describe an experience where alternative places – rather than the classroom – are exploited to implement learning processes We maintain that this experience is a good example of materiality because it focuses on a project where students had the opportunity to re-design a public space various objects and tools are used to support discussions and exchanges with new stakeholders Our theoretical vision combines Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s tradition with an innovative framework called the Trialogical Learning Approach (TLA) From such theoretical background an idea of materiality emerges that refers to material in combination with the social relationships developed around the material Our case-report concerns a participatory project run by Rete Dialogues a national school network focusing on global citizenship education Our research question is: how can this project highlight the connection between the TLA and socio-materiality around 200 students (age 7–16) and 20 teachers from different schools have been engaged in tackling the degradation of an important square in Rome The project – “Dialogues in the Square” (DiS) was developed with several stakeholders that contributed to the understanding of critical issues influencing the maintenance of the square and possibly implementing improvements proposed by students Crucial is the cooperation with two important urban art projects: (i) the pilot-project MACRO-ASILO run by the MACRO museum in Rome and aimed at connecting the world of art with the city life; (ii) the “building sites” of the Rome Rebirth Forum inspired by the world-known artist Michelangelo Pistoletto’s “third paradise” methodology that encourages responsibility and action taking on sustainability through art Drawing on data collected through direct observations and video recordings we aim to show and make sense of the connection between the TLA and socio-materiality highlighting three key elements: the flexible use of mediation tools the overcoming of the dichotomy between individual and collective learning through reflection Traditional learning does not appear to be able to target these dimensions; therefore a fresh look at educational practices is needed After having discussed the theoretical underpinnings of our approach this paper describes a project where materiality is introduced as the empowering dimension that supports the transaction between different learning contexts We focus on some aspects of the learning processes that have occurred in one of the sessions within our project Our intent is to make sense of the impact of materiality from two complementary perspectives: the materiality of the learning object (a square in Rome Piazza Annibaliano) and the materiality of the working environment (a particular room in a modern art museum in Rome the “words room,” set up for the MACRO-ASILO project) The literature offers a number of answers to these questions determining both the theoretical vision of how cognition works and the ideal practical setting for effective learning processes theories about these topics have assumed the form of a contraposition/polarity between a Piagetian-based and a Vygotskian-based approach According to Piaget, knowledge resides in objects, and children retrieve information by manipulating them (Piaget and Inhelder, 1967). It is by querying the elements composing the context in which children are immersed and by making hypotheses about how objects will react to actions performed “on” them that they gather information about the world (Spelke, 1991), whereas for Vygotskij (1978) the main source of learning is social interaction It is by observing and imitating adults and by engaging collaboratively in joint actions that children learn and make sense of the world around them but they become sources of information through social interactions first based on adult imitation and later by appropriating and internalizing the actions observed it capitalizes on insights coming from the socio-constructivism and the cultural approach by giving relevance to context and situated dynamics Within the traditional TLA framework, materiality is still underdeveloped. The focus on building objects that embody conceptual knowledge and shared ideas and the relevance of tools as instruments that foster cognitive and social processes and support the construction of objects are hints of an implicit materiality or rather socio-materiality. Illuminating is Latour’s (2005) challenge (2005) when he asks the reader to define a soldier he concludes that there are no soldiers without their uniforms and arms They co-constitute each other and determine their relationship by identifying the formation they belong to materiality is not just a matter of adding a new dimension; it means highlighting the relevance of considering “things” as real partners of cognitive and social processes as elements containing knowledge and supporting the generation of new knowledge This knowledge is not simply acquired by touching or experimenting with “things”; rather and intersubjective construction of mutual exchange of values about the objects Where and with what this is occurring matters because it contributes to shaping these processes The case study presented here aims at providing empirical evidence of the role of socio-materiality in shaping learning processes We also highlight how the TLA helps to emphasize the socio-material dimension crossing the boundaries between formal (classroom) and informal (museum This will allow us to answer our research question: how can this project highlight the connection between the TLA and socio-materiality students started brainstorming about their environment focusing on the needs of a nearby well-known square in Rome: Piazza Annibaliano situated in a context of ancient monuments is now surrounded by litter and unfinished flowerbeds Students were encouraged to observe the square and engage in planning its regeneration: their plans are conceived as trialogical objects knowledge that they create addressing communities external to the school negotiations were started with the municipality to have their support resulting in a formal memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the schools Artists/experts in various fields were involved to help students figure out suitable actions to undertake to improve the state of the square eliciting its potential as a social and artistic site The DiS project became an active member of the forum and benefited from the opportunity to invite several artists to cooperate and how tools became partners of students’ cognitive and social processes It is 7 February 2019, from 10.30 to 13.30, when our class goes to the museum with their art and technology teachers to meet Rachid Benhadj, a leading Italo-Algerian film director particularly interested in diversity and intercultural dialogue (see Figure 1) As is the case for artists/experts in other sessions he was invited to support students’ creative process of elaborating the idea of the “square” as a venue for proposals and new atmospheres that can add value and expand the possibilities of inhabitants and visitors Film director Rachid Benhadj introducing the exercise to the students graduating student at Academy of Arts and New Technologies In a preliminary meeting in the museum hall five teams (four or five students each) are formed following the teachers’ suggestions Benhadj presents his proposal to the students: “Think deeply of Piazza Annibaliano and portray them following the wave of your dreams: how would you like the square and why pushing your imagination as far as possible…” Students are invited to elaborate the idea of the “square” representing their ideals without worrying about feasibility at this stage they enter the “words room,” and it is clear how impressed they are from the beginning by its lights A connection between thinking/doing is thus made evident and students are encouraged to go back and forward from immateriality to materiality – as we will see in the next paragraph Benhadj sketches a quick map of Piazza Annibaliano and surrounding streets at the center of the blackboard and better clarifies the expected delivery: paper-and-pencil sketches to start and then the teams will move to the blackboard to represent their project with colored chalks Students sketch their ideas for the square The “genius loci” of the room lies in the alteration of the dimensions of traditional tools used in the classroom This setting ends up disregarding a consolidated stereotype: the blackboard is by definition an “exclusive” place generating a markedly vertical relationship It is used by a single person – or a few – who is expected to report something to an audience to whom the back is turned Here the blackboard is “open to all”: the teams work horizontally and simultaneously observing one another’s work and sharing ideas but the works develop efficiently; students’ active engagement is visible Someone moves his or her chair near the blackboard others use the ladder available in the room and someone else even sits on the shoulders of a friend to use the space at the top of the board Even the colored chalks become important actors, with their immediate but fragile effectiveness enabling creativity (see Figure 3) the awareness that whatever was created can disappear with just a few passes of the eraser pushes students to refine their work: “to take pictures before it disappears,” as a student clarifies What has been described so far provides first evidence of how the TLA could enhance the socio-material dimension of learning This approach emphasizes the flexible use of technologies and mediation tools Depending on what students want to achieve – create transform – they move from using their smartphones to using chalks always as a tool to shape their ideas and to “materialize” them In about one hour, the blackboard is lively, full of shapes, colors, and writings, and the time comes for a collective report (see Figure 4) Benhadj poses two questions: “What have you done can you tell us?” And then: “Were there emotions in this work What touched you the most?” Each team gets ready for their presentation while someone enjoys looking at their work from a distance video-recording a full overview of the blackboard The teams “walk” along the blackboard stopping in front of each drawing to deliver the presentations: students naturally swing from the role of presenters to that of audience Students using the full length and height of the blackboard you can walk the winter path; but if you are happy When the time comes to answer director Benhadj’s second question about emotions and surprises excitement increases: nobody wants to give up telling their experiences Keywords in the narratives are: expectations Several students underline how they did not expect to experience such intense satisfaction in working together claims: “I didn’t imagine we could do something like this… now I see it I think it’s very original.” The blackboard with its significant size has made everyone’s work visible in real time: a multiplier of satisfaction expanding the meaning of “audience.” The idea of satisfaction is expressed by students in many ways: “to see what you just did and realize that everybody looks at it” (Luisa) “to know that before there was nothing and now… look here!” (Angela) “to understand that maybe we will be able to change something with our drawings” (Oscar) “to work so freely in cooperation and share the product” (Eleonora) More than just simple satisfaction for the work done emerges here Students overcome the dichotomy between individual and collective approaches to learning clearly showing the contribution of the TLA to socio-materiality Productive participation in knowledge creation processes needs the transformation of personal contributions toward the construction of collective products that “embody” the shared enterprise Our students are involved in such creative processes; therefore their individual contributions are intertwined in social processes In the “words room” session, several “critical incidents” occurred, in the sense indicated by Tripp (1993, 2006): events that produce new interpretations and allow their significance to be unraveled We focus on an emblematic example: the case of Marco a clever but difficult student from team 2 quickly sketches a little circle under his team’s drawing He looks around with a somewhat guilty expression almost waiting for a reproach for not putting aside the chalk One of the teachers asks him: “What were you in such a hurry to write?” Surprised by this attention he replies: “I wrote: this is for you from us.” breaking the order given (putting aside the chalk) The large blackboard is a material space inviting to be filled Even the teacher reacts in an unexpected way: she asks for the reason of such behavior instead of reproaching Marco The setting elicited new social practices from both the teacher and the student allowing the discovery of Marco’s awareness of having achieved something that deserves to be offered to others Both teachers are astonished at the involvement transpiring from the words of this challenging student “authentic,” and challenging problems social practices are re-negotiated based on the contamination offered by entering new settings and using flexible tools This experience created the space for new ways of interacting Crossing boundaries between settings – school and museum – represents a crucial experience to review the practices supporting the creation of objects such as how to react when a student does not follow the teacher’s indications Even research conducted in non-school contexts (Kumpulainen et al., 2014; Rajala and Akkerman, 2019; Yrjönsuuri et al., 2019) has shown how objects participate actively in shaping the learning process we found that students’ engagement improves greatly and it goes beyond learning concepts so that collaborative and creative knowledge building is possible When students are challenged to produce useful objects for a large community they feel part of this community – becoming active citizens – and feel entitled to improve it Using a large blackboard and moving furniture, students have had the chance to work together, experiencing their mutual influence and the impact of cooperation in real time, together with a sense of self-efficacy (Bandura, 2010) Learning is now not only connected to the possibility to build knowledge but it emerges from the deep engagement elicited in the continuous shift from presenters to audience: question–answer processes were intense and new interpretations of traditional solutions arose The triangulation learners–teachers/expert–object was activated by the new “place” where objects composing the setting (the blackboard and the other technological means) functioned as mediators to build a new common object: the imagined square the meaning of the various dimensions tackled by the project was exploited and the museum has offered a place where learning means “giving body” to ideas We witnessed how materiality implies also the interconnection between different time–space levels One level is the local context in which students are working The other levels concern the contexts evoked; one could be the physical square visited and studied by the students and/or the imagined square they were planning where a large part of the preparatory work was done As Säljö (2019) contends instruments are tools meant not only to build objects but also to think with and through them the target object – the square in our case – becomes an additional material object to reach new cognitive levels where many points of view may interweave which in our case concern the symbolic value attached to the object These values are constructed through various discourses and representations of the object learning is a process that is deeply affected by the space and place in which it occurs and by the materials available Such materiality has a multi-level dimension where each level enriches the other and all together influence the learning outcomes All datasets generated for this study are included in the article/Supplementary Material Ethical review and approval was not required for the study on human participants in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements Written informed consent from the participants’ legal guardian/next of kin was not required to participate in this study in accordance with the national legislation and the institutional requirements The authors have shared the responsibility for the theoretical framework The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00943/full#supplementary-material Google Scholar Google Scholar “Self-efficacy,” The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology Google Scholar Posthumanist performativity: toward an understanding of how matter comes to matter CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar The hot potato of teacher evaluation in Italy CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar 21st Century Skills: Rethinking How Students Learn Google Scholar Google Scholar Sociomateriality as a partner in the polyphony of students positioning CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Cognitive and situated learning perspectives in theory and practice CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Cultural Psychology: A Once and Future Discipline Google Scholar Google Scholar Engeström “Activity theory and individual and social transformation,” in Learning in Doing: Social Punamäki (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) Google Scholar A knowledge-practice perspective on technology-mediated learning CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Creative Public Leadership: How School System Leaders Can Create the Conditions for System-wide Innovation Google Scholar The socio-materiality of learning practices and implications for the field of learning technology Google Scholar Introduction: what are knowledge work practices in education CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Reaching Students: What Research Says ABOUT EFFECTIVE INSTRUCTIon in Undergraduate Science and Engineering Google Scholar The chronotopes of technology-mediated creative learning practices in an elementary school community CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory Google Scholar Materiality and immateriality in based-object pedagogies at the Ure Museum of Greek Archaeology Google Scholar development and materiality at school: a cultural-historical approach Assessment of innovation competency: a thematic analysis of upper secondary school teachers’ talk CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Sociomateriality: Challenging the separation of technology CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Trialogical Approach for Knowledge Creation Google Scholar “See especially “systems of reference and horizontal-vertical coordinates,” in The Child’s Conception of Space Google Scholar Researching reinterpretations of educational activity in dialogic interactions during a fieldtrip CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar “Educating for global competency,” in International Perspectives on the Goals of Universal Basic and Secondary Education Google Scholar North Charleston; 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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited in accordance with accepted academic practice distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms *Correspondence: Giovanna Barzanò, ZG90dC5naW92YW5uYS5iYXJ6YW5vQGdtYWlsLmNvbQ== Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish I found myself craving a slice of fresh mozzarella Tucci is also a celebrated cookbook author he's eating his way through Naples and the Amalfi Coast The final two episodes air on CNN at 9 p.m on March 14 and March 21; the series has been picked up for another season for 2022 Tucci's show inspired me to research the regional tastes of Italy available in Erie But when I learned that Erie's Italian immigrants can trace their roots to most of Italy's 20 regions I realized it would be impossible to identify all the geographic influences on Italian food in Erie with its rich cultural connection with the entire country with a star in the middle and the name "Collopietro."  came to this country at age four from Collopietro already bears the name of his father Mark's side of the family So when Luke opened a pizza place in Bemus Point He kept the Coppola name when he opened his fresh-dough Erie pizzeria in January 2020 "A big deciding factor was that it had been a pizzeria for a long time," he said But his business location is also paired with tradition "We use a lot of Italian recipes from my grandma "There's a lot of heritage there," he said as he recalled his grandmother's Sunday dinners when she'd plant an Italian flag on top of the food before they said grace My search for the history of Italian food in Erie led me to my recipe box for a handwritten recipe for pizza from Mary Ida Martone Her family started DiMichael's Pizza on West 18th Street in 1947 "This little pizza shop was truly unique for the times," her brother told me for a feature series on Little Italy in 1988 "People from all over the city became curious and once they tasted their first pizza pie Julie Barzano Monocello also comes from a family with a storied tradition of introducing Erieites to great Italian food  "Watching the [Tucci] special made me hungry for my mom's sauce and meatballs," said Monocello the daughter of first-generation Italians Sam and Grace Barzano Her father's family came from Naples; her mom's parents were from Calabria "Growing up in our family meant there was never a shortage of good Italian food and uncles all loved to cook and throughout the '40s and '50s various members of the family at one time or another owned the A & J Dinor on West 26th and Elmwood and then later the Rathskeller's on State Street." to finish college and become a history teacher Sam Barzano left school to buy a small pizza shop at West 26th and Myrtle streets "Although disappointed that their only son decided to quit college and risk all of his savings on a pizza shop my mom and dad continued to support Sam by lending their culinary expertise and offering to help develop many of the delicious menu items at his small but ever-growing business," she said her father left his job in the maintenance department at Villa Maria Academy to join his son's business before South Erie Pizza moved from the south side of West 26th Street to the north side of 26th Street The restaurant had its grand opening in the new location in December 1974 and continued there until it closed 10 years later "Folks around here still remember and talk about the place," said Monocello who is retired from the Millcreek School District she and her brother were walking at the Millcreek Mall I want a half order of cheese and pep — and cut it in four pieces because I can't eat six,''' the guy joked Her brother is now in his 80s but "absolutely loves it when his customers remember him Immigrant parents and grandparents are known to encourage their offspring to seek educational opportunities they didn't have available to themselves whose father opened a barbershop at West 18th and Walnut at age 12 Cerami to learn more about a guy known as Curly the Cook a chef from a famous restaurant in New York City who was enticed to bring his skills to Erie we mostly talked about Cerami's background — and food After graduating from Strong Vincent High School and getting drafted you're going to college," Cerami said his dad told him going to the University of Pittsburgh Dental School after graduating from Gannon and braciole (rolled flank steak)," he recalled "I wrote every single thing down," he said the first two times his wife made spaghetti sauce it tasted just like the sauce he usually made His bride wondered if she had done something wrong 'I figured your mother never measured a teaspoon "She just dumped it in and that's what Carol does His wife still makes about five gallons of sauce every 10 days or so "She puts it in plastic bags and freezes it Every neighbor has tasted her sauce and can't wait to get more of it." A pinch of this and a cup of that works for many cooks But it really does help to put those recipes in writing — and to get the stories behind them while your relatives are here to tell the tales who served as the Erie Times-News food writer her former colleague from Penn State Cooperative Extension who is married to Erie Mayor Joe Schember and is the daughter of the late Jim and Theresa DeNicola Mahoney remembers going to the home of her great-grandmother "She made pizzelles one at a time over a gas stove She would flip the iron to cook it and she would make hundreds of pizzelles at a time I don't know how she had the patience or the strength in her legs to stand that long," she said near the famous Horseshoe Curve in Altoona "It was a restaurant that Frank Sinatra and anyone who performed in Pittsburgh would drive up to for a five-star dinner," she said Her Aunt Edith and Uncle Philip later started the fine-dining Allegro Restaurant in Altoona now run by her cousin and her cousin's husband where "every family celebration centered around food and the kitchen table," she said and most have never been written down," she said The next generation is left to piece together the recipes from notes on scraps of paper Rhonda Schember's roots in North East are a good reminder that Italian immigrants didn't just settle in Little Italy on the city of Erie's west side said that immigrants who settled near Holy Rosary Catholic Church on East 28th Street came from the Abruzzi region in Italy "They all cooked pretty much the same way — no recipes they would add a red pepperoni sauce to the polenta," she said you ate the same things on the same nights Sunday dinner was always a stuffed veal breast with roasted potatoes Rivalries between the east and west side Italians extended to the food purchased from Verdecchia's grocery at East 27th and Brandes come from Erie's east bayfront Italian neighborhood and cousins gathered for dinner every Sunday at 11 a.m with up to 25 family members crowded into an East Fifth Street flat Cicchetti's own mother reserved Thursday nights for spaghetti "We all knew Thursday night was the night to come home for dinner," she said Her mother's family came from San Lucido in Calabria; her father's people were from Petruro in Abruzzo the director of advancement at the Hagen History Center has a special affection for Tucci's Searching for Italy series because she and her extended family traveled to Naples and the breathtaking Amalfi Coast in May 2018 to celebrate her nephew Brian's 30th birthday and Geri's 60th birthday In addition to seeing spectacular scenery and being entertained by distant Italian relatives the family spent time at the Napoli Notte 2 Pizzeria and Ristorante learning to make the type of simple pizza that Tucci showcased — fresh dough with a little bit of sauce Cicchetti means "little meal," said Ann Carlin little ones are learning about the family traditions Her son Brian has already introduced her nine-month-old grandson to ravioli Liz Allen learned to make spaghetti sauce from her Italian mother and meatballs and pasta fagioli from her Italian mother-in-law You can reach her at lizallenerie@gmail.com Joseph on March 19 comes with special traditions including a meatless feast served at the St talked about some of the foods their family ate on St in which the stalks are stripped of their veins "Sometimes you have it in salad with oil and a little salt and pepper," said Joe Bondanella but Bondanella said his mother wasn't really fond of that dish Her favorite treat is stuffed artichokes — filled with grated Romano cheese and breadcrumbs and topped with sesame seeds when it's baked that's because when Italian immigrants came here and lived through the Depression "they made do with what they had," said Joe Bondanella He and his mother remember driving to Buffalo to celebrate St Joseph's Day with extended family before Interstate 90 was completed not only religious-wise but family-wise," she said ew exhibits related to Erie's immigrant history are coming to the Hagen History Center When the center holds its grand reopening July 17-18 part of "Erie and the American Dream," in the new exhibit building "Coming to Erie," will feature the waves of newcomers who have "shaped our dynamic community," according to Geri Cicchetti director of advancement for the Erie County Historical Society "Prison overcrowding can be considered a symptom of a malfunctioning justice system" Senior Regional Advisor of the Justice Section at UNODC "The problems of overcrowding have to be dealt with by the prison administration although the solutions are seldom within their reach." Ms Barzano noted several reinforcing reasons that may lead to prison overcrowding including causes not confined to the limits of criminal justice but that extend to other spheres of State responsibility such as welfare policy Prison overcrowding refers to the occupancy rate compared with the official capacity of prisons the rate of overcrowding is defined as that part of the occupancy rate above one hundred per cent; in situations where occupancy is above 120 per cent this can be considered as serious overcrowding 77 countries worldwide were reported as having a prisoner occupancy rate higher than 120 per cent The problem is very localized and extremely challenging with overcrowding increasing the risk of transmission of communicable diseases and posing an immense management challenge to prison administrations "Prison overcrowding impacts the quality of nutrition health care services and the care of vulnerable groups mental health and well-being of all prisoners exacerbates existing mental and physical health problems," said Ms Five years ago at the 12th UN Crime Congress a workshop was held on the 'Strategies and Best Practices against Overcrowding in Correctional Facilities.' "So here we are five years down the line," continued Ms but there is still a growing recognition that one of the key obstacles to implementing the provisions of the standard minimum rules of the treatment of prisoners is overcrowding in prisons policy-makers and experts to consider how best to integrate crime prevention and criminal justice into the wider UN agenda It also focuses on links between security and justice This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page ARIZONA NEWS 10:35 AM | Updated: 10:35 am BY BOB MCCLAY — Thousands of runners will converge on Tempe this weekend for the 10th annual P.F Chang’s Rock ‘n’ Roll Marathon and Half Marathon Have a story idea or tip? Pass it along to the KTAR News team here Get important news about your town as it happens Get the top stories from across our network Are you sure you want to unsubscribe from daily updates died April 21 after a long battle with an illness “With his shock of red hair, blue eyes and big smile, he will be deeply missed by all who knew him and will remain in our hearts forever,” reads Minahan’s obituary. Minahan graduated from Dover High School in 1998 and graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree from the College of New Jersey He was gainfully employed as a Technical Support Engineer at Signature Information Solutions Minahan also had a passion for the arts and loved taking photos He was known for his singing and dancing in high school plays Colleen and husband Tom Hunter and Meghan Minahan and Brad Haskins; his nephews Minahan is predeceased by his birth mother Alice and Martin Minahan and Stella and Nick Genese 12 area wrestling teams have sent their best 14-person lineup onto the mat in hopes of coming away with a state championship With the team season having concluded last Sunday these dozen squads will put out their top 14 grapplers and watch them make a run toward an individual state crown when the District 1-3 championships kick off Friday and continue through Saturday at Phillipsburg All three district tournaments will begin with the first-round matches at 5:30 p.m DIstrict 3 will open its semifinal and consolation rounds at 9 a.m. while Districts 1 and 2 will start theirs at 11 a.m The finals for District 3 will occur at 1 p.m. The start times for each final on Saturday may be pushed back depending on how long each match takes District 3 will sport eight area teams: High Point District 1 will feature Hackettstown and North Warren in an eight-team field while District 2 will have Hopatcong and Lenape Valley against nine squads Here are the breakdowns for each team in their respective district Hackettstown made a huge impact on the field last year by having five wrestlers capture individual championships while winning the team title with 185 points over defending champion Phillipsburg Senior Ryan Nicotra will seek his third straight district title after winning the 103- and 112-pound classes the past two seasons while district champs Tyler Kozimor (So. 285) will each look to bring home another individual title senior Jordan Perrine will try to claim a top finish after taking third place at 135 in 2009-10 North Warren only had one wrestler win an individual crown last year Sophomore Mason Ryzoff (130) and senior Nick Barzano (135) were the only others to place last season Ryzoff and Barzano took fourth at 125 and 130 Lenape Valley fared better than its next-door neighbor Hopatcong after the Patriots took fourth with 97.5 points while the Chiefs placed fifth with 96 they both went home with the same number of individual titles since former Patriot Billy Hagany won at 119 and current Patriot Mike LaBell muscled his way at 171 while the Chiefs' Dan Haines and Miguel Burgos won the 119- and 160-pound classes who sports a 31-1 record this season and is Hopatcong's all-time wins leader will be seeking his fourth consecutive crown Joe and Giancarlo Cruz want to improve on their second-place finishes for Hopatcong fell just short of the 103-pound crown after getting beat by Morris Knolls' Jan Rosenberg while Giancarlo Cruz LaBell will try to win back-to-back titles at 171 after taking down Lucas Homeijer Matt Benvenuto (119) and Andrew LaBell (160) hope to better their third- and fourth-place finishes The Wildcats simply dominated District 3 in 2009-10 with seven wrestlers being crowned champions while also taking the team title The Wildcats' champions included Justin Bellis (103) whose win in the final bout enabled the Wildcats to capture their second State Group 3 championship last Sunday will go for his fourth straight district title while Wagenhoffer and Smith go for their third consecutive crowns Orr and Joe Gaccione will each try for their second individual titles Kittatinny was the only other team close to High Point's success last year bringing home four individual golds while finishing in second place as a team Garrett Scrivani and Clarke Moynihan are the only two that are back looking to repeat Kittatinny's Derek Conrad hopes to be in the mix for a crown after finishing second at 119 a year ago Newton hopes Evan Chrustic can repeat as champion at 285 while Jefferson's Mike Monarque looks to take another title at 140 Kevin Brown was torn between the microphone and the mat grabbed Brown in the hallway and pulled him aside I'm disappointed in you," Jones told Brown the senior became the first Patriots wrestler to reach 100 career wins pinning Hopatcong's Alex Lekhtman in 42 seconds at the Patriot Duals at North Warren High School "I want to inspire kids in this program," Brown said who won three matches and finished the afternoon with 101 total victories used his signature move to finish off Lekhtman -- the arm bar "It's all he's got," North Warren junior Nick Barzano said He stays calm and doesn't let his head get in the way," Barzano said because he keeps it simple: Stand up on bottom expects to attend Maryland University next fall and possibly wrestle at the Division I school He said that could depend on his state tournament finish this year He recorded top-10 finishes at 152 pounds the last two years in Atlantic City "Kevin's a good kid," Patriots head coach David Thatcher said He's a great kid and I'm happy he's accomplished this honor." The faces populating Newton's sideline looked dejected for large parts of Saturday's match against David Brearley Newton dropped its first match of the season "We wanted to win," Braves head coach Eric Bollette said They beat three of our kids today that don't typically lose." Bollette was talking about Kevin Antero (119) Casey Campbell (160) and Stephen Mihail (215) who each fell after Jake Connelly's thrilling 5-4 overtime win over Nick Losbinoso at 135 pounds Connelly went down 2-0 early but battled back snatching a 4-3 lead on a takedown with 37 seconds left But Losbinoso hit an escape with seven seconds remaining The Brave began the one-minute round on the bottom He controlled the rest of the period for the win I got everyone to stand up and we all started screaming for him and he pulled it out," he said Until the Braves dropped six straight matches before grabbing four consecutive wins to close it out "I felt that we could have won going in," Connelly said Where to Find Australia’s Best Inner-City Bakeries By Katya Wachtel By Katya Wachtel By Matheus Roslyn Thai Cafe is a cosy spot offering Thai-style breakfast, snacky street food and dessert. It’s run by husband-and-wife duo Sapol Deoisares and Busarin Rojkaranwong (both ex-Long Chim) along with Klomjit Barzano (ex-Momofuku and Nomad) The menu takes inspiration from the couple’s Chinese-Thai heritage the food Rojkaranwong grew up eating at home and her favourite childhood street food bites And there’s a strong emphasis on regional dishes from across Thailand You might go for Thai-style pork ball congee (rice porridge) with Chinese doughnut and a soft-boiled egg – a typical breakfast meal from Bangkok – or khai katha (pan-fried eggs served with a brioche roll) from the north-east region Isan a folded pancake-style dish filled with curry mushroom onion; and the nahm tao hoo set including freshly made soy milk pearl barley and kaya (coconut and pandan jam) toast Deoisares cooks savoury breakfast dishes while Rojkaranwong handles the picture-perfect chiffon cakes with flavours such as coconut pandan try coconut ice-cream with handmade pandan noodles and taro or mango sorbet with sweet sticky rice coconut syrup and crispy mung beans instead there’s the crowd-favourite Thai milk tea or the signature hot Roslyn tea with rose petals Website: roslynthaicafe.com We do not seek or accept payment from the cafes bars and shops listed in the Directory – inclusion is at our discretion Venue profiles are written by independent freelancers paid by Broadsheet Australia Debuts at the Panettone World Championship in Italy Bakeries and Restaurants That Opened or Closed in April 32 of the Hottest Dishes and Drinks in Melbourne Right Now Menu Reveal: Five Things To Order at Junda Khoo’s Ho Liao