Steel, polymer gypsum, wood, fiberglass and paint; 183 1/2 × 190 3/4 × 132 in. (466.1 × 484.5 × 335.3 cm). Sharjah Art Foundation, Sharjah, UAE. © Diana Al-Hadid VideoThe Artist Project: LaToya Ruby FrazierArtist LaToya Ruby Frazier reflects on Gordon Parks's Red Jackson in this episode of The Artist Project.September 16 The birth of GRANDE POMPEI (GREATER POMPEII EXPERIENCE) TOWARDS a “BROADER PARK”  the re-opening of the Antiquarium of Boscoreale with the display of the chariot of Civita Giuliana new forms of access to the villas of Stabia   The birth of Grande Pompei (the Greater Pompeii experience) The broader park comprises the archaeological areas of Pompeii Oplontis and Stabiae and all the surrounding territory which includes a room devoted to the excavations currently underway in the suburban villa of Civita Giuliana with the ceremonial chariot discovered in 2021 the Villa of the Mysteries will have a new lighting system with solar tiles that resemble the ancient roof tiles In order to raise awareness of this unique Grande Pompei (Greater Pompeii experience) the Park of Pompeii has launched a new accessibility plan that offers a range of inter-connected tours to the various sites which differ in terms of the price and duration of the visit All the sites will be connected by a shuttle service - Pompeii Artebus – which is already operational and has been supplemented by other buses in order to ensure access to all the sites and to enable visitors to learn about each place The visit to Pompeii has been extended through a multiple offer that includes tours of the suburban villas the Antiquarium of Boscoreale with the room devoted to Civita Giuliana and the new access to the Stabian villas will make it possible to visit the archaeological area within the walls with the exception of the suburban villas situated along Via delle Tombe Visitors will also be able to see the Antiquarium the museum within the city and the display area of the Palestra Grande which houses temporary exhibitions in December there will be a large exhibition entitled “L’altra Pompei” (The Other Pompeii) devoted to members of the lower classes that inhabited the city For people wishing to gain a better understanding of the site and the surrounding territory The offer includes a tour of the whole of ancient Pompeii within the city walls as well as the Antiquarium and the display area of Palestra Grande but also enables visitors to go further afield towards the suburban villas These range from Villa of the Mysteries to the Villa of Diomedes and Villa Regina in Boscoreale with the Antiquarium which has reopened after the refurbishment of the museum display The Antiquarium has a room entirely devoted to the excavation of the suburban villa of Civita Giuliana to the north of Pompeii where the famous ceremonial chariot will be on display The Pompei Plus package includes the Pompeii Artebus shuttle which each hour connects Villa of the Mysteries to Villa Regina and the Antiquarium The full loop of the bus tour begins from 9.30 am The annual season ticket My Pompeii Card will continue to be available and costs 35€ (8€ concession for people aged 18 to 25 years old, valid for EU citizens) which makes it possible to visit all the sites in the Park of Pompeii whenever you want, for the duration of a year starting from the date of purchase.  Entrance to individual sites will be 8 € for Villa Regina and the Antiquarium of Boscoreale, for Villa Poppea at Oplontis, and for Museo Libero d’Orsi at the Reggia di Quisisana.  Entry is free for Villa San Marco and Villa Arianna at Stabiae.  There are concessions and free tickets for all the packages, in accordance with the law.  From time to time, the Park of Pompeii will also organise a series of special tours to the archaeological sites currently being excavated and in exclusive areas of the excavations.   What we are presenting today is part of a broader strategy aimed at developing a UNESCO area which has recently been officially extended to include a buffer zone. It is intended to be an example of what we can still achieve using funding wisely and working in conjunction with other bodies and with the coordination of the Ministry which, at the instigation of the Minister Sangiuliano, focuses on the role of cultural heritage for the sustainability and development of territories.”  the area north of Pompeii where Roman aristocrats had their country villas It belonged to the descendants of Vincenzo De Prisco who excavated the site in the 1890s and sold its hoard of silver (the villa was later reburied) The superintendency is considering staging a show to recreate the Boscoreale baths at the national archaeological museum in Naples which owns a bronze basin and original pipes from the site news1 March 2021'Lamborghini' of ancient Roman chariots unearthed near PompeiiExperts believe that the ceremonial carriage may have been used for wedding processions news20 January 2025A newly discovered bath complex—thought to be the biggest in a Pompeiian home—is set to open to the publicThe spa complex was thought to have been owned by a powerful politician news26 January 2021From Roman dining to the victims of Vesuvius: Pompeii hails reopening of archaeological museumThe Antiquarium reveals treasures and recent discoveries charting the ancient Roman city's rich history before deadly volcanic eruption Too many automated requests from this network Jim Hambrick Founder of the Superman Museum with Veronica Vitale This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page AN AUTUMN EVENING AT POMPEII EVENING WALKS FROM VILLA OF THE MYSTERIES  TO VILLA REGINA AT BOSCOREALE INCLUDING THE ANTIQUARIUM The autumn evenings at the Archaeological Park of Pompeii continue during the month of December with walks to Villa of the Mysteries lit up at night and Villa Regina at Boscoreale two examples of suburban villas with related productive activities The atmospheric Villa of the Mysteries was an elegantly decorated residence with the famous Hall of the Mysteries although it was formerly used to produce wine while Villa Regina at Boscoreale was an ancient farm with typical dolia (large containers for storing wine) They both form part of Greater Pompeii (Grande Pompei) includes the suburban villas in the territory The itinerary of the evening walks also includes the Antiquarium of Boscoreale The Antiquarium is a display space traditionally devoted to the context of productive settlements in the territory and to the history of the Vesuvian area refurbished layout comprises a room devoted to the discoveries made at the suburban villa of Civita Giuliana where excavations are still being carried out: the exhibits include the ceremonial chariot with refined decorative elements copies of the plaster casts of human victims and a horse harnesses and several examples of household ware Each Thursday, Friday and Saturday, beginning from 7 December (7,8, 9 – 14,15,16 -21,22,23 -28,29,30 December) it will be possible to visit the two villas and the Antiquarium, which will be connected using the free Pompeii Artebus shuttle service leaving from Piazza Esedra from 5.40 pm (check the timetable on the website www.pompeiisites.org) The timetable for the walks ranges begins at 6.00 pm and ends at 10.00 pm (last entry at 9.30 pm) The last entry at 9.30 pm enables a visit to just one of the sites It is advisable to park along via Plinio and to use the shuttle service to get to Villa of the Mysteries Cost of the initiative € 5. The tickets can be bought online: https://www.ticketone.it ( + €1.00 online booking fee) or with a  credit card/ contactless debit card at the entrance at Villa of the Mysteries or in cash at the ticket office of Boscoreale I was drawn to the cubiculum (bedroom) from the Villa of P. Fannius Synistor at Boscoreale in the context of Juneteenth because it is ancient and it is the survivor of a catastrophe—but also because it feels fanciful and decadent and the discipline required to make these frescoes and restore them here reveals the burden of our joys "Cubiculum Nocturnum" by Eisa Davis Pause0:00Skip backward 10 secondsSkip backward 10 secondsSkip forward 10 secondsSkip forward 10 seconds0:00I’m in you repelledyour skinny panted men and pickpockets taken refugewith Milan’s dusky nightclub habitués chantedin Tuscan villas and stonewalled policemen who seizedmy passport for a bribe until they got tired of waiting,gave it back I’ve been unkissed in the scentof Capri’s night blooming jasmine and swum in your grottos,the Mediterranean sparkling in my curl shrinkage.This is my real life: I’ve been attacked so mercilesslyby your beauty I hallucinated Hitchcock filmsbubbling from the funk of your sulfurous islands.You’re so extra You are more than enough.I stand transfixed by the walls of another villa,now exiled from you inside a grand museum in New York.These excavated walls stand decorated at birth then buriedby Vesuvius a mile north of Pompeii’s House of the Poet,where Toi and Cornelius first spied the mosaic that spelledCave Canem This villa loves itself so much it has builtan infinity of wonder into all eyes that visit painted with the structured fantasyof what lies beyond it ordered creationon stucco once as blank as a pair of Kendrick’s khakis.This invented world done up in cinnabar and ochre,pulling me away from myself an invitation to a scene.New York City sways under rain and the feet of protestersand I feel an allegory coming on I take these frescoesas a record of what we never beheld but still saw,the imagining that fills our lungs with life Walls adornedwith futures where we are free from slaveryor prison or despair walls surrounding our bodieswith cool or warmth sheltering us from snakesfalling out of trees tattoo us permanently into that barbeque in paradise intoxicated with escapeand rumors of escape brought to usby those who still have a thing for shacklesand forced perspective dreaming others’ dreamsthat are as dear and strange as a growing child.In a fictive nation voluntary servitudecomes dressed as belief out of the museum,in my real ass life in these divided states of amnesia,I wrap my gum in a ripped corner of paper I stumbleover my words as time begins to move again and look,someone’s mark on the world is a cigarette burnon a plastic subway seat—I know this to be some kind of freedom: where my lifeand the life of my mind meet fresh as if they’d once lost each other in a flood of ash A recipient of a 2020 Creative Capital Award and an Obie Award for Sustained Excellence in Performance Davis was also a Pulitzer Prize–finalist for her play Bulrusher and wrote and starred in the stage memoir Angela's Mixtape The History Of Light (Barrymore nomination) Mushroom (premiering September 2022) and ||: Girls :||: Chance :||: Music :||: A multivolume series of her plays is soon to be published by 53rd State Press Eisa led the 2021 citywide celebration of Kathleen Collins’s work AFROFEMONONOMY // WORK THE ROOTS; has recorded two albums of her original music Something Else and Tinctures; and has enjoyed a multidecade career as a performer on stage and screen Current projects include her music-theatre piece The Essentialisn't and the songs for a musical version of Devil in a Blue Dress Davis has received awards and fellowships from the Hermitage Artist Retreat 4th and 11th August and 1st September :- from 20:30 to 23:30  AT POMPEII the nighttime walks will involve on of the most monumental features of the site - the area of the Forum religious and economic life of the ancient city through an itinerary of lights and sounds which will begin from the Porta Marina The splendour and beauty of the illuminated temples and other buildings along with the chance to relive moments from the daily life of the ancient city through voices will accompany the visitor along their discovery of history just outside the city walls and the entry from Via del Mare the shouts and activities of artisans and workers from the workshops of Via Marina (the bakery and Furius’ shop) the noises and chatter of the landlady in the House of Triptolemus the sounds and voices which accompany and tell of the ludi (games) in honour of Apollo in the Sanctuary of the same name and the rhythm of the drums and music of the sacred cult ceremonies for the Supreme Jupiter at the Capitolium (or Temple of Jupiter) the confusion of the Market (the Macellum) and the activities of the fullones (the launderers) at the Building of Eumachia will mark the stages of this journey into the past with a visit to the Antiquarium and the finds displayed in the current exhibitions will take place from the 27th July until the 28th September There will be 18 evenings according to the following schedule: 27th and 28th July; 3rd AT OPLONTIS the nighttime visits will include the Villa of Poppaea one of the most magnificent examples of a Roman aristocratic villa which attest to the life and setting of the Roman age in the Vesuvian countryside The archaeological area of the VILLA S.MARCO AT STABIAE will also participate in the initiative with the ‘Stabiae Nocte’ nighttime openings There will be 4 evenings with free admission 4th and 11th August as well as 1st September which will include guided visits at 21:00 and 22:00 This will be an atmospheric itinerary to discover the Roman villa of San Marco (1st century BC - 1st century AD) in the archaeological area of Stabiae open to the public by night for the first time will culminate with a performance including a reading of a letter of Pliny the Younger to Tacitus recounting the last moments in the life of his uncle who died at Stabiae as a victim of the eruption of Vesuvius in AD 79 There will also be a chance to visit the site freely from 20:30 to 23:30 the nighttime visits to POMPEII will expand with musical performances on the terrace of the Antiquarium organised in collaboration with Scabec - Campania Region as part of the Campania by Night project There will also be musical and atmospheric nighttime performances by Campania by Night at OPLONTIS and the ANTIQUARIUM of BOSCOREALE Access to the nighttime visits will not require a booking a widespread park that includes the archaeological areas of Pompeii Oplontis and Stabia and the entire surrounding area with a room dedicated to the ongoing excavations in the suburban villa of Civita Giuliana and the villas of Stabia; after restoration of the roofs the Villa of the Mysteries will have a lighting system powered by photovoltaic tiles similar to ancient ones.All sites will be connected with Pompeii Artebus: in fact the park’s shuttle service will restart from Oct 14 to ensure full accessibility and cross-cultural awareness of each site Three minibuses will depart from Pompeii with three different routes The first runs a continuous loop route from Villa dei Misteri to Boscoreale and makes possible a constant connection between the city of Pompeii and one of its most famous Villas which also has a museum/antiquarium within the site The second bus provides numerous daily runs to the Villa of Poppea while the third bus connects Pompeii Archaeological Park with the Villas of Stabia will allow visits to the archaeological area within the walls excluding the suburban villas located along Via delle tombe the museum inside the city and the exhibition area of the Palestra grande These include a major exhibition in December devoted to The Other Pompeii To discover all the sites of Greater Pompeii that need a few more days a 3-day ticket for 26 euros has been devised that includes Pompeii with the suburban villas route with theAntiquarium in Boscoreale as well as the Villa of Poppea in Oplontis with Villa San Marco and Villa Arianna and the Libero d’Orsi Museum at the Reggia di Quisisana in Castellammare di Stabia which will soon be reopened with its renovated museum layout and reorganization of storage facilities the archaeological park will periodically schedule a series of special visits to ongoing construction sites and exclusive areas of the excavations there is a heritage that has no equal in the world: the villas of Stabia the Villa of the Mysteries and the Villa of Diomede An invaluable value that with Greater Pompeii becomes an integral part of a single widespread park a true archaeological-cultural landscape,” said Pompeii Archaeological Park director Gabriel Zuchtriegel “The sites in the area are a kind of Pompeii 2 in terms of their potential for research and public enjoyment but at the same time they tell a complementary aspect with respect to the urban area: the agriculture the fields and the districts between Oplontis is designed to put all these places in communication: just as an airport is one because at any time I can take the shuttle from Terminal 1 to Terminal 4 without studying timetables or buying a special ticket from today can be experienced as one big park Vesuvius and the Lattari Mountains.” “What we are presenting today is part of a broader strategy for the development of the Unesco area whose buffer zone expansion was recently recognized and is also meant to be an example of what we can still do by using funding well and working in synergy with other entities and with the coordination of the Ministry which under the impetus of Minister Sangiuliano pays great attention to the role of cultural heritage for the sustainability and development of territories.” own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment View all partners From a modern, scientific perspective, the wine Romans drank is often seen as an inconsistent, poorly made and thoroughly unpleasant beverage It is alleged that Roman winemakers had to mask their products’ flaws by adding spices herbs and other ingredients to the freshly pressed grape juice However, our research has shown this may not have been the case: a recent study of earthenware vessels used in wine fermentation – both ancient and contemporary – has challenged traditional views on the taste and quality of Roman wine some of which may even have rivalled the fine wines of today Many of the longstanding misconceptions surrounding Roman wine come from a lack of insight into one of the most characteristic features of Roman winemaking: fermentation in clay jars or dolia Huge wine cellars filled with hundreds of these vessels have been found all over the Roman world but until we began our study no one had looked closely at their role in ancient wine production This controlled air contact makes for great wines egg-like form causes the fermenting must to move around which in turn leads to more balanced and rich wines its narrow base prevents grape solids that sink to the bottom from having too much contact with the maturing wine keeping harsh and unpleasant flavors from appearing winemakers can control temperature and provide a stable environment for wine to ferment and mature during its many months inside the jars Temperatures in modern qvevri commonly range from 13° C to 28°C which turns sharp malic acids into softer lactic acids often giving today’s white wines macerated in clay jars caramel and nutty tones Modern wine is typically grouped into whites whites get little or no contact with the grape skins while rosés get just enough to receive a soft pinkish colour In clay jar winemaking, however, white wines regularly undergo long macerations with the grape solids (skins, seeds, and so on). This gives beautiful dark yellow, amber coloured wines, today commonly known as “orange wines” This wine – increasingly popular today – is similar to descriptions of some of the most prized wines in antiquity Buried clay jars encourage the formation of yeasts on the surface of the fermenting must. Many of these are what we call “flor” yeasts a thick white foam layer that protects the wine from contact with the air Ancient Greek and Roman texts are filled with descriptions of such surface yeasts in wines Flor produces several chemicals, including sotolon This is a sensory profile quite comparable with the herb fenugreek which the Romans often added to grape must to strengthen this desirable flavour the Romans were well aware of many different techniques to master and alter the qualities of their wines Roman winemakers were able to have great control over the end product Our research emphasises the value of comparing ancient and modern wine production techniques It not only debunks the alleged amateurish nature of Roman winemaking but it also uncovers common traits in millennia-old winemaking techniques modern winemakers are reviving these ancient methods to produce “new” clay jar wines While such wines are often mistakenly termed “amphora wines” (amphorae were two-handled earthenware vessels used to transport wines and other liquids not store them) they show the robustness of clay jar winemaking A documentary approach of the iconic landscape shaped by Vesuvius historic and present-day photographic representations and stories inscribed in this cyclical landscape It is considered to be the first volcanic eruption ever photographed with the next eruption dangerously looming each period of quietude to forgetfulness and complacency I am not burnt interweaves documentary writing and photography in a constellation of subjects ranging from the historic and present-day observatories twelve students who perished near the crater government workers standing around a bonfire and lovers parked along the nightly road leading up the volcano As each eruption adds a layer on top of the last I am not burnt uses documentary photography as a research perspective into a landscape that is documentary in its own right As each eruption adds a layer upon a previous one the documentary possibilities of photography seem limited to what’s visible at the surface I am not burnt departs from the properties classically attributed to documentary photography – its said potential to approach a subject ‘in depth’ to lay bare a ‘hidden and deeper truth’ – and opens new and radical possibilities In considering the literal and figural surface as ground for documentary I am not burnt appears as series of photographic and textual documents embedded in a speculative I am not burntMichiel De Cleene & Arnout De Cleene2024Roma Publications 462162 pages I am not burnt is part of Documenting Objects a research project at KASK & Conservatorium The cities buried by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 A.D. constitute a tragic account of the volcano’s devastating impact on the ancient cities of the Vesuvian region The volcano erupted in an impetuous manner gas and debris that rose for miles above the crater cities were hit by a shower of lapilli and pumice followed by high-temperature pyroclastic flows that flowed down the slopes of Vesuvius overwhelming whatever they encountered in their path Many people were trapped in buildings or affected by collapses caused by the weight of the volcanic materials while others died from inhaling toxic gases or from heat shock caused by the high temperatures the eruption also had a conservation effect as buried cities remained intact under the blanket of ash and lava for centuries thus preserving an exceptional record of ancient Roman life.Archaeological excavations conducted in the areas have unearthed roads offering valuable insights into the daily life the various archaeological parks in the buried cities offer visitors the opportunity to immerse themselves in ancient Roman history features extraordinary public and residential structures as well as a museum housing artifacts and works of art recovered from the excavations offers a detailed view of daily life in the ancient city well-preserved frescoes and artifacts of various kinds also offer important evidence of Roman art and culture The parks allow visitors to immerse themselves in the life and history of the eruption offering a unique view of an era long gone but still alive thanks to the preserved remains of the cities buried by Vesuvius So here is what you need to know before visiting the five archaeological parks a roar interrupted the daily tranquility at the foot of Mount Vesuvius the volcano poured out a huge amount of pyroclastic material radically changing the landscape of the entire Vesuvian area During the first phase of the eruption on Pompeiii those who had not left the city in time were trapped in buildings invaded by pumice and lapilli or were affected by collapses caused by the eruptive material which accumulated to a height of about three meters a high-temperature pyroclastic flow swept over Pompeiii at great speed filling the spaces not yet invaded by volcanic materials and causing the instantaneous death by heat shock of those still in the city Pompeiii was a prosperous and densely populated city with a history spanning nearly a millennium and characterized by the coexistence of different cultures its main forum is surrounded by majestic public buildings Pompeiii is most renowned for its outstanding collection of residences the Villa of the Mysteries emerges as one of the most significant monuments taking its name from the extraordinary frescoes in the triclinium depicting the initiation rites (the “mysteries”) of the cult of Dionysus Another distinctive feature of Pompeiii is the numerous graffiti that adorns the walls of the city offering a unique glimpse into the daily life and people who lived in this ancient Roman city the archaeological area of Herculaneum has been included in theUNESCO list of world heritage sites along with the Pompeiii excavations and the villas of Oplontis This makes the city an integral part of the UNESCO site known as the “Archaeological Areas of Pompeiii Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata.” In 1738 at the behest of the King of Naples Charles of Bourbon the first systematic explorations of Herculaneum’s subsoil began The hardness of the volcanic mud and the difficulty of digging underground tunnels caused the enterprise to be abandoned after a few decades and it was not until 1927 that the new excavations of Herculaneum Thanks to the research much of the area that today constitutes the archaeological park was cleared the remains of more than three hundred fugitives were found along the ancient shoreline of Herculaneum they abandoned their homes hoping for rescue by sea Among the most poignant discoveries was the body of a young pregnant woman with the remains of an eight-month-old unborn child was dubbed the “Lady of Jewels” by the press of the time when emerging from the volcanic mud in front of the Suburban Baths the keel of a boat overturned by the eruption was found According to the most recent interpretations it may have been a military lance from Pliny the Elder’s fleet which set out from Misenum to rescue the threatened city This suggestive theory is supported by the discovery near the boat of the skeleton of an officer with a belt located north of Pompeiii at the foot of Mount Vesuvius may correspond to the Pagus Augustus Felix Suburbanus was re-inhabited after the eruption of 79 AD as evidenced by the Baths of Via Casone Grotta dating from the 2nd-3rd centuries AD it was dotted with villas and farms devoted to the cultivation of vines In the last decades of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century numerous archaeological excavations were conducted in the northern suburbs of Pompeiii These excavations aimed mainly to recover wall and floor decorations and valuable objects many of which ended up in the collections of various museums such as the National Museum in Naples Excavations revealed a series of about thirty rustic villas which were part of a dense network of productive settlements operating in the first century AD on the slopes of Vesuvius and the nearby Sarno River plain The settlements ranged from small and medium-sized family-run or slave farms to larger complexes with luxurious residential sectors for the owners and areas dedicated to production and labor Thanks to the excellent conditions of preservation of structures and objects due to the eruption of 79 A.D. the excavation data have allowed us to understand the different stages of processing of the main agricultural products of the Vesuvian area Stabiae has played both a strategic and commercial role since the Archaic period Its heyday came between the devastating incursion of Sulla in 89 BC and the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD numerous villas with panoramic views sprang up on the northern slope of the Varano hill mainly intended for residence: these dwellings included vast housing complexes Prominent among these were the Villa San Marco one of the most impressive Roman residences who had an urban complex with stores and streets and as well as six residential villas analyzed on the edge of the Varano plateau The approach to excavation involved the use of burrows with material not deemed significant being reburied or abandoned Then after a hiatus of about thirteen years focusing on the Villa Ariadne and surrounding rural areas The work conducted by the Bourbon excavators was extensively documented and published in 1881 by M with the final excavation of the villas by L In the past for conservation reasons many frescoes were detached from the structures and housed in the Antiquarium Among the Vesuvian localities buried by the 79 AD eruption Oplontis stands out for its monumental evidence of the Pompeiian suburbs it houses a peripheral urban center that was part of the administration of Pompeiii Oplontis features two important buildings: Villa A a farm specializing in wine and oil production In the heart of Torre Annunziata are impressive archaeological remains belonging to ancient Oplontis mentioned only in the Tabula Peutingeriana a medieval map of the roads of the Roman Empire the excavations of Oplontis have been included in UNESCO’s list of World Heritage Sites These excavations include significant parts of buildings that were located on the western outskirts of Pompeiii BOSCOREALE, Italy, March 29 (UPI) -- Italian police said they found a bust of actor Al Pacino as his character from the 1983 film "Scarface" in the home of an accused mafia drug lord Investigators said they arrested more than 30 people with ties to Padovani's alleged operation which police said used children as young as 6 years as lookouts for drug pushers Prosecutors said Padovani and his alleged accomplices are believed to be connected to three clans from the Camorra mafia which allegedly operates in the Naples area The Villa Described in LiteratureThe term villa designates several types of structure that share a natural setting or agrarian purpose Included in the architecture of a villa may be working structures devoted to farming The villa is therefore most aptly understood as a label or identity capturing several distinct parts sometimes interrelated or dependent on one another and in other cases divorced from a larger architectural complex the term villa exhibits mobility as the application of an idea to architecture In place of a fixed image is an architectural environment that embodies an ideal of living The form and organization of villa architecture depend upon literary descriptions provided by the authors of ancient Rome. Particularly, the writings of Columella (4–70 A.D.) in De re rustica (I.6.1–3) and Cato (234–149 B.C.) in De agricultura (I.4.1) elaborate on the features of their villas in the Campagna the villa enjoys from the natural setting restorative powers in opposition to the excesses of city life Horace (65–8 B.C.) extolled the simple virtues and pleasures of ancient villa life in his poetry (for example and letters unfurled in a setting that was distinctly different from the urban experience of Rome Relying on initial reconstructions by Vincenzo Scamozzi (1548–1616) later architects would turn to Pliny’s descriptions to imagine the spaces and experience of the ancient villa The Villa Recovered: Archaeological Studies in Renaissance ItalyThe architecture and landscape elements described by Pliny the Younger appear as part of the Roman tradition of the monumental Villa Adriana Originally built by Emperor Hadrian in the first century A.D the villa extends across an area of more than 300 acres as a villa-estate combining the functions of imperial rule (negotium) and courtly leisure (otium) the vast archaeological site was recovered in the fifteenth century and many architects—including Francesco di Giorgio Martini (1439–1501) 1512/13–1583)—excavated and recorded firsthand the details of Hadrian’s design while consulting descriptive passages of the emperor’s life at the villa from the text Historia Augusta the architect-antiquarian Ligorio employed sculptural remains of the Villa Adriana in the Vatican gardens and as architectural spolia in his design of the nearby Villa d’Este (begun 1560) Built as one of the most splendid garden ensembles in Renaissance Italy Ligorio’s design for Cardinal Ippolito II d’Este (1509–1572) remains celebrated for its festive waterworks and terraced gardens (1991.1073.145[4.3]) Like the descriptions of ancient villas consulted by Renaissance architects the Villa d’Este commands spectacular vistas over the Roman campagna from its position high in the hills of Tivoli above the Villa Adriana The Invention of the Villa: Renaissance Rome and FlorenceThe imagined grandeur of the ancient Roman villa-estate depended not only on written descriptions but developed from the rediscovery of painted frescoes on the walls of antique ruins The painter-architect Raphael (1483–1520) and his workshop reinterpreted the highly ornamental stucco details from their archaeological studies for the monumental Villa Madama in Rome (begun 1517) The painted and sculpted relief grotesques portray narratives from ancient authors and follow antique examples from the Villa Adriana and the Domus Aurea several architects—including Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola (1507–1573) and Giorgio Vasari (1511–1574)—created ornate surfaces within the courtyard and grotto at the retreat in suburban Rome known as the Villa Giulia (1551–53) their designs unified the architecture of the surface and landscape setting into a carefully arranged decorative whole replete with fantastic water displays (1991.1073.145[2.7]) and antique statues (1990.53.1); (1990.53.2) formed the stage for the grand theatrical entertainments of the day Noteworthy examples include the immense villa gardens on the Pincio and Gianiculum hills associated with the powerful families of Rome such as the Villa Pincian (now Villa Borghese the Villa Medici (1540/1574–77) (61.532.26[7]) and the Villa Doria Pamphilj (1644–52) on the Gianiculum Equally vast estates were laid out in the Alban hills outside Rome at Frascati including the Villa Aldobrandini (1598–1603) (1991.1073.145[2.5]) and the Villa Mondragone (1573–77) (1991.1073.145[2.18]) In and around Florence during the sixteenth century the Medici family developed a series of villas integrated with the garden setting such as the magnificently situated Villa Medici at Fiesole (1458–61) the inventive villa-park at Pratolino (now Villa Demidoff and the delightful Villa La Petraia (1575–90) (36.31.10[33]) with its central belvedere overlooking the Arno River valley who promoted the antique tradition of his practice in I quattro libri dell’architettura (1570) In Palladio’s design for the Villa Almerico four identical porticos with temple-fronts and broad rising staircases are arrayed symmetrically on perpendicular axes about a circular sala at the center of the building The villa is advantageously placed on a hilltop and controls the landscape by its visibility across the fields Palladio’s invention recalls the unusual combination of forms at the Villa Adriana as he crowns the building with a dome and invests the structure with its alternate identity which recognizes the ancient Roman example of the Pantheon The first revived design from Palladio’s text was likely Lord Burlington’s Chiswick House near London (1725–29) based on the published woodcuts and travelers’ observations of the Villa Rotonda (41.100.169[1.2.15]) On the European continent as well as on distant shores Palladianism replaced other ideas of the Roman villa the typology of his villa designs influenced Pieter Post’s (1608–1669) villa-palace Huis ten Bosch the Neo-Palladian vocabulary influenced Thomas Jefferson’s home and retreat outside of Charlottesville and informed the design of Drayton Hall (ca built at the center of a rice plantation on the banks of the Ashley River near Charleston The Kirtlington Park dining room (1742–48) combines various sources in the design including motifs after antique models (32.53.1) exuberant contemporary decorative flourishes in the wall decoration and the seventeenth-century Palladian pattern on the ceiling after a similar design by Inigo Jones the dignified Neoclassical dining room from Lansdowne House (1766–69) may have more in common with an ideal interior after Palladio (32.12) The archaeologically correct ornamentation of the hall especially the niches with antique sculpture resembles the published design for a Corinthian Hall from the pages of Giacomo Leoni’s English edition of Palladio’s treatise (1715) (41.100.169[1.2.28]) Vanessa Bezemer SellersIndependent Scholar Geoffrey TaylorDepartment of Drawings and Prints The Villa: Form and Ideology of Country Houses Andrea Palladio: The Architect in His Time Peck, Amelia, et al. Period Rooms in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1996. See on MetPublications “The Idea and Invention of the Villa.” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/villa/hd_villa.htm (October 2004) More from the Timeline of Art HistoryView all had seven strings of equal length and a solidly built Strings of gut or sinew were stretched from a holder at the base of the instrument over a bridge to the crossbar that joined the two sidepieces made music by stroking the plektron (pick) in his right hand across the strings sounding all those not damped with his left fingers the instrument rested against the musician’s shoulder and was supported by a sling that wrapped around the left wrist The musician could regulate pitch by the tension and the kithara found a major niche in Greek public performances Although similar in form to the tortoiseshell Greek lyra which any well-bred Greek citizen might play the kithara with its large soundbox was more suited for virtuoso display It was generally a professional musician’s instrument reserved for public concerts Very little is known of the precise sound of the kithara in performance. In general, our knowledge of Greek music comes from fragmentary musical scores, some remains of instruments (mostly reed-blown pipes), inscriptions, and depictions in Greek sculpture and vase painting Nontechnical references in ancient literature especially the works of poets and philosophers Greek theoretical essays provide insight into the structure of ancient music most notably passages of Athenaios and the pseudo-Plutarchan dialogue describe the nature and history of musical practice The kithara is known primarily from written sources and from images on black- and red-figure pottery such as the amphora attributed to the Berlin Painter (56.171.38) in the Metropolitan’s collection slim garment accompanies himself on the kithara his sash swaying with the rhythm of his song He spreads the fingers of his left hand behind the strings of his instrument and prepares to strike them with the plektron The muscles in his neck stretch as he throws back his head and opens his mouth to sing Colette HemingwayDepartment of Greek and Roman Art “The Kithara in Ancient Greece.” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/kith/hd_kith.htm (October 2002) Farrell Monaco researches and recreates recipes from ancient history Her culinary exploration ranges from cheese made to Roman farmer Columella's recipe and Cato the Elder's Globi – that’s deep fried honey-soaked ricotta and wheat balls Panis Quadratus (Siligineus) recreation by Farrell Monaco Bread Sale Fresco from the House of Julia Felix at Pompeii (National Archaeology Museum Naples) Panis Siligineus or Panis Quadratus Fresco (National Archaeology Museum Naples) Photo by Farrell Monaco courtesy of Antiquarium of Boscoreale Carbonised loaf of bread AD 79 Roman Herculaneum.© Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Pompei Carbonized common wheat grains (triticum aestivum) also known as bread wheat View of Mount Vesuvius from Pompeii Street Portico of The Palaestra at the Stabian Baths (Pompeii) Garum Amphora with Residual Fish Bones in Base Photo by Farrell Monaco courtesy of the Antiquarium of Boscoreale Farrell Monaco and her resident canine companion Enzo on a morning walk through Pompeii Rotary Grain Mills at the Bakery of Popidius Priscus (Pompeii) These were powered by slaves or donkeys.JPG Farrell Monaco Studying a Bread Oven at Pompeii Monaco, an experimental archaeologist, documents the recipes on her blog Tavola Mediterranea One of her most memorable food recreations is of an unusual bread found in the ruins at Pompeii the town of 15,000 people that was buried in ash by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius nearly 2000 years ago It’s one of the most well preserved archaeological sites in the world and offers up a huge amount of data on food and drink Forty commercial bakeries have been recorded along with household hearths and braziers used for cooking while frescos illustrate the food of the time eighty loaves of the bread panus quadratus were pulled out of the ovens “Bread was the centrepoint of the daily diet … along with olive oil "The Romans ate porridge throughout the entire day We still eat it – it ain’t broke so we didn’t fix it “Same with bread; in artisanal settings is made the same way that our ancestors made bread – with starter “What has changed … is the Romans had a very deep connection to their food and their food supply … slaughtering animals they were connected to where their meat came from We have a firm separation now with respect to where our meat comes from … we don’t know the process with which it comes to us and we don’t want to know.” Get Farrell Monaco’s recipe for panus quadratus here See terms of use. for easy access to all your favourite programmes Mayors from the Naples region mired in a garbage crisis rejected a compromise offer by Italian authorities yesterday to freeze the opening of a waste dump in exchange for an end to violent protests. “We decided not to sign the (compromise) document without additional guarantees that a second dump at Terzigno will not be opened, as requested by our people,” the mayor of nearby Boscoreale, Gennaro Langella, said. Hundreds of people had joined more demonstrations late Saturday in Terzigno and overnight several dozen protestors hurled rocks at police who responded with tear gas, according to footage broadcast by Sky TG-24 television. At least six officers have been injured in the clashes, officials said. In a bid to calm tensions over the waste crisis, Italy’s top security chief Guido Bertolaso late Saturday signed the plan to halt delivery of waste to the tip at Terzigno for three days to allow for an “analysis of health and environmental issues”. It also called for the decision on whether to open a second garbage tip to be postponed indefinitely provided the demonstrations stop. Mr Bertolaso’s “indefinite freeze” is rejected by demonstrators who want the project to be scrapped altogether. Mr Langella spoke on Sunday after meeting with Bertolaso and leaders of the Campania region around Naples, Italy’s third biggest city. Mr Langella said he continued to be open to talks, as Terzigno mayor Domenico Auricchio called for calm. “I urge people to trust the state and put an end to the violence,” said Mr Auricchio. “Violence and vandalism do not serve anybody’s interest.” Gutted refuse lorries and trash bags slit open littered streets in the area yesterday. A new meeting between Mr Bertolaso and the mayors in Naples was scheduled for tomorrow. Mr Bertolaso said yesterday that the opening of a second tip was no longer on the agenda for the time being. “We wanted to delay the opening till December 2011 but the mayors thought that this was not enough so we agreed on an indefinite freeze,” he said. The protestors’ blockade of Terzigno’s existing dump has caused 2,400 tonnes of rubbish to pile up in the streets of Naples. The proposed new dump, the biggest in Europe, would be 800 metres from the edge of Terzigno in the Vesuvius National Park, some 135 square kilometres of outstanding natural beauty in the Bay of Naples. The protected area of rare wildlife and plants includes Mount Vesuvius, best known for its volcanic eruption in 79 AD that destroyed the ancient Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. The long-running waste issue has been blamed on a lack of local incinerators, and landfill sites controlled by the local Mafia, the Camorra, some of which were used for the illegal dumping of toxic waste. European Environment Commissioner Janez Potocnik said Saturday Italy faced legal action by the European Union and massive fines for failing to improve waste management around Naples. To view comments, please register for free or log in to your account. Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi yesterday promised compensation for a town near Naples that has seen violent clashes this week over plans to build Europe’s biggest waste dump there. But local officials rejected the offer, saying they wanted the dump stopped. “The government guarantees the availability of compensation funds for a total of €14 million for Terzigno,” Mr Berlusconi said at a press conference, following an emergency meeting with ministers. The talks came amid escalating clashes between police and residents of the Naples area who were protesting plans for the new Cava Vitiello tip to be built in national parkland area, where there is already a dump. Apart from the funds for Terzigno, some 20 kilometres southeast of Naples, Mr Berlusconi said plans for incinerators in the area would be speeded up. Critics have accused Mr Berlusconi of failing to keep his promise to resolve the garbage crisis in the Naples area, which he made during his election campaign in 2008 and helped to win him the vote. Mr Berlusconi also said he would send the head of Italy’s civil protection agency, Guido Bertolaso, to Naples later Friday to deal with the problem. But the mayor of Terzigno, Domenico Auricchio, said the community wanted to stop the new tip from being built, not compensation. “We’re not interested in money... we have only one objective: to prevent the opening of Cava Vitiello,” he told the press after the conference. Gennaro Langella, mayor of the nearby town of Boscoreale, said on CNR radio: “We don’t want the money.... Our health doesn’t have a price.” The new dump would be 800 metres from the edge of Terzigno in the Vesuvius National Park, around 135 square kilometres of outsdtanding rare natural beauty in the Bay of Naples. The protected area of rare wildlife and plants includes Mount Vesuvius, best known for its eruption in 79 AD that destroyed the ancient Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. The plan to build Europe’s biggest garbage dump just eight kilometres from Pompeii is “an abuse by the state” and against the law, park director Ugo Leone, a professor of environmental policy at Naples university, said after the government meeting. “From the beginning we have opposed this by all legal means possible,” he said, adding that he was “in absolute agreement with everything that the citizens of the area and the environmental groups are saying.” Residents have held almost daily sit-ins over the last month to call for the closure of the current tip, which they insist is full to overflowing and causing health problems, particularly in young children. Piles of malodorous garbage have also been accumulating in the city of Naples itself, raising fears of a repeat of the impasse in 2007 and 2008 that saw tens of thousands of tonnes of untreated waste accumulate around the city. The long-running issue has been blamed on a lack of local incinerators, and landfill sites controlled by the local mafia, the Camorra, some of which were used for the illegal dumping of toxic waste. The groups of masked residents rioting in the streets of Terzigno are not the only protesters. Non-violent campaigners include the “Vesuvian Mothers” group, a band of local mothers who have spent the last few weeks demonstrating daily with their children. They say life in the vicinity of a tip is unbearable, with residents forced to keep their windows always closed to keep the stench at bay. The residents say dangerous materials and hospital waste are dumped illegally in the current tip, posing serious health risks. The European Court of Justice earlier this year criticised Italy, saying it had no adequate system for waste disposal in the Naples region and warning that the problem was a risk to human health and the environment. From Saturday 27 July up to 28 September 2018 , every Friday and Saturday from 20,30 to 23,30, it will be possible to visit the illuminated paths in the Vesuvian archaeological sites of Pompei, villa of Poppea ad Oplontis, the Antiquarium of Boscoreale and for the first time the Villa S. Marco in Stabia. The admissions for these visits will also be at a reduced price, in the case of the Villa S. Marco free. As for Pompeii, it will be possible to delve into the life of the ancient city through a sensory path with the reproduction of voices, noises and sounds of moments of everyday life. Temples and ancient buildings will be illuminated for the occasion. In Oplotis you can visit the Villa of Poppea, among the most splendid examples of a villa of the Roman aristocracy and the Antiquarium of Boscoreale. four evenings with free admission on the other hand, you can enter Villa S. Marco in Stabia, with the night opening "Stabiae Nocte", with the possibility of guided tours at 21,00 pm and 22,00 pm. As an Awin affiliate, we earn a commission from qualifying purchases through ticketing links. This commission does not entail any additional price for the user. Il 6th April the appointment with #domenicalmuseo, the initiative promoted by Ministry of Culture which allows thefree entry every first Sunday of the month in museums e state archaeological parks. An opportunity to explore the Italian artistic and archaeological heritage, with access regulated according to the usual opening hours. Where applicable, reservations will be required, in order to ensure an orderly and pleasant use. During the previous edition, Sunday March 2, They were 279.497 visitors who have chosen to participate in the initiative, confirming their ever-present interest in accessible culture. See this content on Instagram A post shared by Gennaro Sangiuliano (@gennarosangiuliano) See this content on Instagram A post shared by @grottaazzurracapri See this content on Instagram A post shared by the Archaeological Museum of Calatia (@museocalatia) See this content on Instagram A post shared by Paestum Archaeological Park (@parcoarcheologicopaestum) Official website Domenica al Museo we earn a commission from qualifying purchases through ticketing links This commission does not entail any additional price for the user.