she coordinates coverage for North American events and global news As former elite-level road racer who dabbled in cyclo-cross and track Laura has a passion for all three disciplines When not working she likes to go camping and explore lesser traveled roads UCI governance and performing data analysis you will then be prompted to enter your display name By: 5:00 am on February 2 Initial plans by the Toll Brothers would have created six townhome units, each with an ADU and a 55-unit five-story apartment complex. Initial massings drawn by VMWP showed a typical podium-style infill with a rooftop amenity deck The newly surfaced project will create 28 homes for ownership including 18 three-bedrooms and ten four-bedrooms Each home will have a private two-car garage and the site will have four additional guest parking spots The developer has filed a Senate Bill 330 pre-application ensuring that four homes will be restricted as affordable housing SB330 will provide the developer with a streamlined approval process and benefits from the State Density Bonus program SDG Architects is responsible for the design, and CBG is the civil engineer Construction will separate the 28 units into five structures Illustrations show each building will feature articulated facade treatment and use residential vernacular to separate each unit visually The 1.35-acre project site is two lots divided by Cesano Court Future residents will be twenty minutes away from the San Antonio Caltrain Station on foot or six minutes by bicycle the developer writes that “with attractive landscaping outdoor amenities and contemporary architecture SummerHill expects the project to be an excellent homeownership opportunity for people living or working in Palo Alto.” Subscribe to YIMBY’s daily e-mail Follow YIMBYgram for real-time photo updates Like YIMBY on Facebook Follow YIMBY’s Twitter for the latest in YIMBYnews ‘Downscaled to less than half of unit capacity’ That is why Palo Alto NIMBYs are the most powerful force known to man Hello I was interested in these apartments and I wanted to know how can I sign u ga('send', 'event', ‘Robert ‘Becker, 'Impression', 'https://sfyimby.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/desktop-ad.jpg', { nonInteraction: true }); ADVERTISEMENT ga('send', 'event', 'SF YIMBY', 'Impression', 'https://sfyimby.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/sfyimbyadnews.jpg', { nonInteraction: true }); ga('send', 'event', 'SF YIMBY', 'Impression', 'https://sfyimby.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/sf-yimby-dot-com-graphic.jpg', { nonInteraction: true }); Follow on Instagram © COPYRIGHT New York YIMBY LLC, 2025 Volume 7 - 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00219 This article is part of the Research TopicCarbon- and Inorganic-based Nanostructures for Energy ApplicationsView all 10 articles Electrical conductors based on carbons have recently attracted a growing interest due to the prospect of replacing metals Electrical conductors without metals could represent not only an alternative for traditional wiring but also a step forward in the progress and advancing of technology This result can be achieved by combining high electrical conductivity with other properties high electrical/thermal conductivity of the assembled fibers are all generally associated with low concentration of defects in the fiber backbone and in the individual carbon “building blocks” a special attention is paid to an empirical relationship between morphology/structure/composition and the electrical properties when the carbon filaments became the lights for urban streets some of the recent developments in the field of “all-carbon” electrical conductors are discussed Such conductors can be obtained by assembling nanoscale carbons (i.e. the role played by the chemistry in particular by means of the molecular-level control and doping This contribution elucidates most recent results in the field Due to the growing interests about new electrically conductive materials with superior characteristics than the conventional conductors a detailed knowledge of the electrical properties of carbon-based materials is mandatory the electrical properties are not the only element of evaluation for a possible use of alternative electrical conductors including thermal and mechanical properties and interconnections with traditional wires together with the critical investigation of the literature indicate that the scientific background on this subject is but extremely various and it is nearly unattainable to afford a complete description of all the possible applications the purpose of the present review is to provide a selection of insights dedicated to electrical properties of micro-assembled nanocarbon fibers with no metal present (hereafter all-carbon fibers) Marcellin Jobard was the first who experienced a “glow lamp” based on carbon a vacuum bulb containing a small strip of carbon used as a conductor of a current Edison and Alessandro Cruto were among the first scientists pioneering on electric lighting After the first approaches with metal filaments placed outside or inside a vacuum bulb apart from one another they realized that low cost high-resistance filaments of about a few hundred ohms were required for reducing the sizes of the electric lamps pyrolyzed carbon filaments were identified as the best possible candidate materials and some of whom filed separately patents Edison and Swan are perhaps the more famous but not the first inventors of the electric lamp while the most durable ones were probably obtained by Alessandro Cruto Edison’s contribution has been a series of requirements characteristics and methods required to fabricate durable electrical lamps a new revolution appeared in the light bulbs: the tungsten coiled coils in a bulb filled with inert gas soon substituted carbon filaments due to its brighter light and better durability higher thermal and electrical conductivities and have a carbon content > 99% Sometimes they are called graphitic fibers Fibers obtained at lower temperature contain a lower C amount (93–95%) and possess lower mechanical properties and conductivities Apart from the foremost use in fiber-reinforced composites carbon fibers are used in electrode/microelectrodes (i.e. whenever a low wear friction on the contact interface is required (e.g. Fabrication steps of carbon fibers from (A) polyacrylonitrile (the most used precursor): oxidation and crosslinking of the PAN fibers the graphitization step occurring at the higher temperatures under inert atmosphere or vacuum conditions; two other conventional precursors of carbon fibers: (B) cellulose and (C) pitch; (D) morphology structure and surface chemistry of PAN-derived carbon fibers; and (E) evolution of the carbon structure with the increasing temperature from amorphous to crystalline structure (i.e. with consequent limitation in properties when compared to the graphite counterpart This can be considered a straightforward consequence of the direct pyrolysis of organic precursors Fabrication scheme of 1D and 2D carbons from molecular precursors (or pre-constituted CNT/graphene structures): (A) carbon nanofibers (CNFs) (B) single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs MWCNTs); and (C) 2D carbons obtained from “bottom-up” and “top-down” approaches: graphene graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) Together with a remarkable increment of the mechanical properties electrical conductivity and specific capacitance (Csp) due to the reduction of the contact resistance between graphene flakes and carbon fibers Post treatments have been found to increase the density and the properties of the fibers similar to the process commonly used to produce high-performance industrial fibers Together with electrical properties that will be discussed later such fibers were tested for mechanical and thermal properties tensile strength (1 GPa) and modulus (120 GPa) were determined together with an elongation at break of 1.4% The same fibers displayed a thermal conductivity of c.a The same authors determined the effect of doping with iodine the thermal conductivity was increased by 100% (635 W/m K−1) even after thermal annealing at 600°C we can conclude that optimal morphology and structure (i.e. lack of impurities and defects) are crucial for the final properties of CNT fibers As far as graphene fibers are concerned, the two-dimensional structure and crystal domains with finite dimensions dictate a few considerations. First of all, layered structures are very flexible, but their structural organization in a yarn of indefinite length, implies a stacking (Figure 5). A full scale approach to minimize defects from atomic to macroscale levels was attempted by Xu et al. (2016) The authors used large GO liquid crystals and the wet-spinning method with continuous stretching during the process to obtain the ordered orientation of graphene sheets along the axis of fibers The control over the concentration and nozzle diameter together with the thermal treatment at 3000°C helped to perfect the atomic structure of graphene The obtained fibers demonstrated a series of record properties tensile strength (1.45 GPa) high electrical conductivity (8 × 105 S m–1) and ampacity (2.3 × 10 10 A m–2) Figure 5. Structural models of: defects in GFs from the macroscale to the atomic scale of chemically reduced GO (top panels); high-quality defect-free GFs (bottom panels). Adapted from Xu et al. (2016) with permission from Wiley-VCH Electrical properties at room temperature of CNT/graphene-based fibers indicated that resistivity decreases exponentially below 70 K due to the prevailing intercontact effects among CNTs while above 70 K the resistivity decreases linearly and the intrinsic CNT resistivity properties prevail the same authors estimated the resistivity in their CNT bundle to be ∼8 × 10–4 Ω⋅cm (1.25 × 103 S/cm) which was very close to that of CNT yarns (1.1 × 10–3 Ω⋅cm corresponding to 9.1 × 102 S/cm) at room temperature and they concluded that the CNT bundle resistivity is the limiting factor in the CNT fibers it was also observed at room temperature that the electrical transport was not affected by densification of CNT fibers and the contacts between CNTs leads to the reduction of defects with the consequent increment of the mechanical and electrical properties On the other hands, the addition of graphene flakes within a CNT wire to constitute a hybrid composition has been shown to increase the electrical conductivity, current-carrying capacity (or ampacity, which can be defined as the maximum current in amperes, that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use and without exceeding its temperature rating) and doping properties (Li and Pandey, 2015; Lepak-Kuc et al., 2019) Besides the remarked relevance of the graphene flake characteristics of the fiber purity and of the solvent properties the authors explained that graphene flakes constitute effective bridges by means of a theoretical model Such bridges create Fermi level states inside the CNTs bands with the consequent increase of current and electrical conductance in the system while doping can enhance the conductance of the hybrid assembly The doping of the carbon and the related electrical conductivity is discussed in the next section At very low temperature (∼11 K) the Ca-doped fibers exhibited a superconducting transition the literature on this subject is still very limited Most of the recent studies on conductors based on doped carbons have examined the case of carbon nanotube fibers while the literature on graphene fibers appears moderately more limited The room temperature conductivity of the film reached the record value for the graphene series of 1.7 × 10–5 S cm–1 the authors reported a significative dependence of the conductivity with the doping amount together with a long-term stability under environmental conditions (> 1 year) thermal (140°C) and chemical resistance against some MoCl5 solvents (acetone the chemical doping has the potential to improve the thermal and electrical conductivities of CNT and graphene fibers Notwithstanding the increase observed for doped systems the electrical conductivity of carbon yarns becomes comparable or higher than that of metal filaments Another advantage of carbon-based filaments over metallic filaments is that they allow a remarkable chemical resistance the temperature and time stability under working conditions still needs further investigations and improvements 3D X-ray tomography (3D XRT) is a non-destructive method, which now offers a spatial resolution down to ∼10 and 50 nm in synchrotron and lab facilities, respectively. The method could be applied to examine structure, porosity, cracks phase distribution, external habit of fibers (Figure 6), thus highlighting also interfaces within the structure of the assembled fiber (Headrick et al., 2018) Figure 6. Phase contrast X-ray computed tomography images of CNT fiber cross-sections for three type of fibers prepared by twisting (A) thick, (B) thin, or (C) by solution-spinning from coagulation bath. SEM images of the same fibers are reported in the insets. Adapted from Headrick et al. (2018) with permission from Wiley-VCH due to the familiar concept in polymer science 2D band downshifting can be observed after doping This fact arises from the not negligible lattice expansion occurred after doping C–Br at 286.9 eV together with peaks at 257.2 eV 7 m2 g–1 depending on the duration of the CVD process) due to the highly defective nature caused by NH3 etching The authors observed an increase of the electrical conductivity with the densification of the fiber of one order of magnitude Contact angle measurements can provide important findings on the fiber-liquid interactions (Zhang L. et al., 2017; Zeng et al., 2018) The non-polar and polar surface energy components can be obtained and other wetting parameters (work of adhesion spreading coefficient and wetting tension) can be predicted the authors reported a photovoltaic efficiency from the sunlight raising about the 7.4% Figure 9. (A) Picture of the USB cable fabricated with graphene fibers. (B) Reading/writing performances of the graphene cable as compared with traditional Cu wires. (C,D) picture showing a 9W working lamp (220 V) connected with a one meter long Br-doped graphene cable and the irradiance intensity tested along the time. Reproduced from Liu et al. (2016) with permission from Wiley-VCH Electrical/thermal conductivities and tensile strength of the assembled carbon fibers compared to those of other materials (metals, commercial PAN and pitch-derived carbon fibers) are compared (Figures 10A–C) It can be seen from this figure that CNT- and graphene fibers may exhibit properties equivalent or superior to those of metals a wide range of values is observed for the assembled carbon fibers Such data dispersion is largely determined by several factors graphene) and its main characteristics (aspect ratio presence of impurities and eventually amorphous carbon phases) certainly play a key role morphology and characteristics at the interface between building blocks in forming the fiber scaffold presence of voids and structural defects of the fiber twisting and wrapping properties are definitely decisive to regulate the fiber properties the doping strategy of CNT and graphene fibers has shown to be crucial for boosting the electrical and thermal properties to record values the stability over time and temperature should be deeply verified and improved to have such fibers as a practical alternative to metals (and commercial carbon fibers) graphene and graphene derivatives are becoming cheaper and the ability to control their purity and characteristics as well as the prospect to assemble the fibers in continuous processes according to industrially viable methods gives the chance to rapid progress in the field although it is still difficult to replicate the properties of individual CNT and graphene units to macroscopic fibers and (C) tensile strength of CNT- and graphene-fibers (dark green and magenta colors respectively) as compared to carbon fibers The review summarizes the scientific progress in the field of carbon-based fibers to be used as electrical conductors from the origin to the most recent findings From graphite and first developed pyrolyzed fibers to carbon fibers and assembled nanocarbons (carbon nanotubes and graphene sheets) into fibers/yarns/ropes the issue has been progressively renewed to translate the carbon attributes into materials at the frontier The main addressed theme is about the most recent innovations concerning the doping paradigm of all-carbon fibers/based on carbon nanotubes and/or graphene emphasizing the role played by the chemistry Taking advantage of the doping with metal and with non-metal compounds unprecedented electrical properties are observed achieving the metal counterpart values the conductivity record values have been found much higher than those of metals thus demonstrating the potential to substitute them in some prototypes reported in the recent literature the other advantages provided by all-carbon fibers over conventional metals are manifold Despite the great advancement in the field scalable and cost-effective production methods and interconnection with traditional cables CNTs and graphene are excellent conductors they can be used effectively in 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(spectroscopy) Zanetti M and Scarano D (2020) All-Carbon Conductors for Electronic and Electrical Wiring Applications Copyright © 2020 Cesano, Uddin, Lozano, Zanetti and Scarano. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited in accordance with accepted academic practice distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms *Correspondence: Federico Cesano, ZmVkZXJpY28uY2VzYW5vQHVuaXRvLml0 Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish Alex Cesano took over at the helm of the Maison des Pâtes de Monaco a family business that has earned a reputation for its ‘pasta of many colours’ since 1977 This profile of a food enthusiast kicks off a new series of articles devoted to local entrepreneurs in the Principality at the Condamine market or in the Casino gallery at Port Hercule the impression is the same: an Italian culinary journey with a festival of flavours Looking through the windows of the traditional Maison des Pâtes de Monaco’s different sales outlets It has to be said that the asparagus moons and the spinach ravioli are certain get your taste buds tingling every time whether it’s your first or your thousandth visit you’re bound to bump into a tall blond guy with round glasses >> À LIRE AUSSI : Neighbourhoods : Place d’Armes, the Monegasque way of life Travelling helps us realise how lucky we are to be here After obtaining his BTS in hotel management and a few years travelling on several continents with the intention of working alongside his parents but I actually preferred to be in the dining room I had already worked with my parents on the La Condamine market stalls I would say the classics – tagliatelle such as bells with ceps or asparagus mezzaluna “My father takes care of the production and my mother comes by La Condamine regularly which should continue for many years to come but the other one’s thinking about it which also supplies many Monegasque restaurants can be explained in large part by the quality of the products they use cold cuts and cheese come from Italy and the meat directly from suppliers located in Monaco Our pasta is prepared every morning in our production unit A know-how that is appreciated by some Monegasque celebrities. “Arthur Leclerc often stops to pick up some pasta,” confides the eldest of the three Cesano sons Tiémoué Bakayoko also used to come by regularly.” no less than 150 kg of fresh pasta is sold every day “That represents around 750 servings,” says the young manager such as bells with ceps or asparagus mezzaluna.” >> SEE ALSO: VIDEO. Out and about # 1: La Condamine The Industry's Leading Publication for Wineries and Growers 2015 – The Anderson Valley Winegrowers Association (AVWA) is pleased to announce the appointment of John Cesano as its new executive director Cesano is a veteran of the Mendocino wine industry and a noted local journalist He crushed his first grapes in 1972 for a family wine and has been involved with wine his entire life “We’re very excited to welcome John to the Anderson Valley Winegrowers Association,” said Joe Webb plus his intimate knowledge of Mendocino County I have no doubts that the AVWA will continue to prosper under his leadership.” After a degree in marketing and four years of service in the U.S Cesano worked as a tuxedoed waiter in a fine dining restaurant in Sonoma County John went on to open a restaurant and put together his first wine list Cesano managed tradeshows for Windsor Vineyards and Rodney Strong wineries also traveling the nation to promote their wines and host “Meet the Winemaker” dinners He visited hundreds of wineries and tasting rooms and opened 42 California counties to outside sales for the Wine Appreciation Guild – the nation’s largest seller of wine books and wine accessories Cesano managed retail operations the McFadden Farm Stand & Tasting Room in Hopland also working to promote the Hopland Passport event In addition to his 30-plus years of wine industry experience, Cesano writes an award-winning wine column in The Ukiah Daily Journal – Mendocino’s largest daily newspaper – and on his website, JohnOnWine.com where he has profiled many vintners in Mendocino County and covered its many wine events Cesano will take over day-to-day management of the association from current Executive Director Janis MacDonald He will also be responsible for the organization’s four major events: the International Alsace Varietals Festival in February the Anderson Valley Pinot Noir Festival in May the Anderson Valley Barrel Tasting Weekend in July and the Winesong Anderson Valley Pinot Noir Celebration in September “I could not be more excited,” Cesano said “Everything I have done in the wine industry in the past has paved the way for what I consider to be my dream job and consider myself blessed to be able to tell the story of our vineyards and appellation on behalf of the more than 100 members of the Anderson Valley Winegrowers Association.” Cesano can be contacted at the AVWA: (707) 895-9463 or via e-mail at john@avwines.com For more information about the AVWA or its events, visit the AVWA Web site at www.avwines.com A recently completed vineyard census (2014) can also be found online About the Anderson Valley Winegrowers Association According to Corriere della Sera,  a 25-year-old man was killed in the city of Ladispoli when a cornice fell from a building and struck him on the head local time also claimed the life of a 74-year-old man in Cesano The Italian news agency reports the man was crushed by a tree Fernando Fiorese, a retired army military officer, was with his wife and two children when their vehicle was crushed by a tree Dozens of buildings were damaged in Ladispoli by the twister and an undetermined number of injuries have been reported Several homes were evacuated amid fears of gas leaks The Ladispoli City Council announced on Sunday that schools would be closed on Monday The storm the produced the tornado also brought localized street flooding to Rome MORE ON WEATHER.COM: Magnitude 6.6 Earthquake Hits Central Italy - Oct We recognize our responsibility to use data and technology for good We may use or share your data with our data vendors The Weather Channel is the world's most accurate forecaster according to ForecastWatch, Global and Regional Weather Forecast Accuracy Overview According to Corriere della Sera,  a 25-year-old man was killed in the city of Ladispoli Fernando Fiorese, a retired army military officer, was with his wife and two children when their vehicle was crushed by a tree MORE ON WEATHER.COM: Magnitude 6.6 Earthquake Hits Central Italy - Oct After earthquakes, storms hit Italy. Two killed by tornado in Cesano, now Rome Colosseum under water pic.twitter.com/ojDYJizlQ3 (via @maus75) “We have an army base outside town, a good restaurant for meat and truffles ... and that’s about it,” Irene Patrignani, 29, said. “There’s also the train to Rome,” she added. That could all be about to change after the discovery under Cesano of large deposits of lithium, an essential ingredient of electric car batteries. European officials are now waking up to the need to dig deep to find the electro-chemical element, which is mainly mined in Australia, China and South America, closer to home as the continent looks to phase out new fossil fuel vehicles by 2035, and Registered in England No. 894646. Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, SE1 9GF. Volume 7 - 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.609576 Editorial on the Research TopicCarbon- and Inorganic-Based Nanostructures for Energy Applications Number of documents (keywords: Energy AND Materials source: Scopus) published in the last 30 years (A); Subject areas of scientific contributions dedicated to energy materials (B) The method has the potential to determine how the performance of the Li-ion batteries is affected under high rate conditions which are present in nature with limited amounts the role played by the chemistry in helping to exceed the electrical conductivity of metals by means of the molecular-level control and doping The contribution helps to elucidate most recent results in the field and envisages new directions and potential applications designed and fabricated a bio-hybrid electrode and molybdenum in a nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (NDRGO) matrix of biological origin The obtained composite material works as an electrode based on concepts of “embedded redox couples” and “induced electron transfer,” behaving as a supercapacitor reviewed MnO2/carbon composites for supercapacitors from the viewpoints of the synthesis and of the electrochemical performance MnO2 has emerged as one of the most promising electrode materials for its specific capacitance carbons are ideal materials to be compounded with MnO2 The authors show the latest findings on MnO2/carbon supercapacitor electrodes focusing on the fabrication strategies and the electrochemical performance influencing factors with an outlook on the possible development directions in future for designing high-performance materials reviewed the subject of the layered double hydroxide (LDH)/carbon nanocomposites containing Ni2+ and Co2+/3+ for supercapacitor applications The combination of Ni-Co LDHs with carbon-based materials gives a remarkable improvement in the specific energy and specific power performance of supercapacitors The authors explore important factors influencing the synthesis of LDHs and the correlation among morphology and electrochemical performances of the Ni-Co LDHs Improvements needed to increase the performance of these new supercapacitors are also provided synthesized hexagonal copper phosphide (Cu3P) platelets by chemical vapor deposition technique and incorporated it in the highly conducting 3D graphene scaffold leading to the formation of Cu3P/graphene hybrid to be used as supercapacitors with high Coulombic efficiency The fabricated asymmetric supercapacitor using Cu3P/graphene hybrid on graphite as cathode and activated carbon on graphite as anode showed high specific capacity remarkable power density and an excellent cycle life fabricated spinel Li manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) in Li-ion battery The authors observed improved stability even at elevated temperature with the addition of 1 3-propane sultone working as an electrolyte additive compared to the cell without additive fabricated membrane electrode assembly in the proton exchange membrane fuel cells using graphene materials obtained from the thermal dissociation of polyethylene terephthalate The authors then investigated the effect of gas diffusion layers and the number of catalyst layers in three types of membrane electrode assemblies semiconductor nanowires have the potential to reduce costs and increase the efficiency of the devices prepared CdS nanowires utilizing the chemical vapor deposition technique and Bi nanoparticles working as a catalyst The authors proposed a solar cell configuration in which CdS nanowires operate as windows material (or even as absorber) in hybrid solar cells like Quantum Dots Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Perovskite oxides are an important and effective class of mixed oxides which play a significant role in the fields of energy conversion For active electrocatalysts as water electrolysis to meet the demands of the sustainable energy-powered economy they are fascinating alternatives to noble metals because of their catalytic activity and cost-effectiveness developed a series of Sr2+-doped cobaltite perovskite LaCoO3 particles as efficient catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) the papers published in this issue cover materials for energy but we can easily conclude that the theme will have significant developments in the coming years We truly hope that contributions published within this article collection will contribute to help to increase the value of research articles in the field of energy materials providing inspiration for new relevant publications All authors have made a substantial contribution to the work and they approved it for publication FC acknowledges support from MIUR (Ministero dell’Istruzione dell’Università e della Ricerca) YM would like to thank the support from the Illinois Institute of Technology start-up funds MNH was supported by the National Science Foundation Award No MU acknowledges the generous support from US Office of Naval Research and editors who assisted in the article collection Emily Young and all the editorial staff who assisted the Topic Editors In Situ production of graphene–fiber hybrid structures CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Nighttime photovoltaic cells: electrical power generation by optically coupling with deep space CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Carbon nanotube yarn: carbon nanotube yarn for fiber-shaped electrical sensors CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Machine-learning-revealed statistics of the particle-carbon/binder detachment in lithium-ion battery cathodes CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar 3D microstructure design of lithium-ion battery electrodes assisted by X-ray nano-computed tomography and modelling CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Predicting a new photocatalyst and its electronic properties by density functional theory CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Data mining new energy materials from structure databases CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Mao Y and Huda MN (2020) Editorial: Carbon- and Inorganic-Based Nanostructures for Energy Applications Received: 23 September 2020; Accepted: 23 October 2020;Published: 18 November 2020 Copyright © 2020 Cesano, Uddin, Mao and Huda. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use *Correspondence: Federico Cesano, ZmVkZXJpY28uY2VzYW5vQHVuaXRvLml0 By: 5:30 am on June 2 New entitlement permits have been filed for the proposed townhome development at 4335 and 4345 El Camino Real in Palo Alto, Santa Clara County. The application provides minor adjustments and the latest renderings for the low-density project. SummerHill Homes is the project sponsor The plans will build five three-story structures and an inner-lot street across the 1.35-acre site with an average density of 21.5 units per acre Parking for 60 cars and bicycles will be included four will be designated as affordable units with 20 three-bedrooms and nine four-bedrooms SDG Architects is responsible for the design, and R3 Studios is the landscape architect The application describes the design as a “contemporary style that combines pitched roofs and classic materials with warm colors…” Facade materials will include brick veneer The developer has taken over the project from Toll Brothers who had considered a 67-unit complex with apartments and townhomes as recently as 2022 SummerHill Homes started to pursue the less-dense alternative last year The project site is split between to parcels along El Camino Real divided by Cesano Court Future residents will be just 20 minutes away from the San Antonio Caltrain Station on foot or five minutes by bicycle The estimated cost and timeline for construction have yet to be established Volume 6 - 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2019.00084 The facile preparation of polymer waste-derived microporous carbon microspheres (SBET ~800 m2/g) 100–300 μm in size the crosslinked nature and the porous texture of the poly(4-ethylstyrene-co-divinylbenzene) microspheres which allow the incoming anions and cations present in liquid media to enter and to remain segregated into the pores of the polymer microspheres as soon as the solvent is removed when incorporated in the microporous molecular architecture of the polymer prevents the collapsing of the pore structure of thermosetting polymer spheres during the pyrolysis occurring at 800°C and acts as an activating agent of the carbon phase under formation being responsible for the formation of an extended meso- and macroporosity (30–200 and 300–1,000 Å ranges) porous carbon microspheres with magnetic properties have been prepared from the ZnCl2-activated porous carbon spheres after impregnation with Fe nitrate solution and thermal treatment at 800°C A multi-technique methodology to characterize more extensively carbons at the micro/nanoscale is reported in the paper and the surface properties of the carbon and of the magnetic carbon microspheres have been investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy magnetic properties have been revealed at the nano- and at the macroscale by magnetic force microscopy and simple magnetically guided experiments by permanent magnets The multi-technique methodology presented in the paper allows in elucidating more extensively about the different characteristics of activated carbons Notwithstanding the huge amount of literature on activated carbons the precise control of both the structure and the surface has hidden the relevance of other properties at the molecular scale of the assembled architectures recent studies indicate that by molecular design and porous carbonaceous materials could also be rationally proposed Aiming to tailor and adjust the intrinsic characteristics (i.e. enantioselectivity and other optical properties the carbon materials with attained functionality can emerge in new application fields Preparation steps of the carbon microspheres upon thermal treatment/activation at 800°C subsequent impregnation with a 0.011M solution of Fe(NO3)3 and thermal treatment under N2 gas flow at 800°C for 5 h (step B2) N2-adsorption/desorption isotherms were obtained at 77 K (Micromeritics ASAP 2020 instrument) to determine the porosity properties of the materials at the different stages of preparation as obtained following the before described procedure were further outgassed overnight at RT (for the starting PS-co-DVB polymer) or at 400°C (for the resulting carbon materials after the thermal treatments) The surface area (SBET) was calculated by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) equation (in the relative pressure range of 0.05–0.25 p/p0) Total pore volume was determined from the amount of N2 adsorbed at the 0.98 p/p0 Micropore surface area and volume were calculated from N2 adsorption isotherms using the Carbon Black STSA t-plot equation Mesopore volume (Vmeso) was calculated by subtracting the micropore volume (Vmicro) from the total pore volume (Vtot) The pore size distributions (PSDs) were derived from the N2 adsorption isotherms using a non-negative least squares fitting on the adsorption isotherm data by applying the density functional theory (DFT) method (N2-DFT model slit geometry) by means of the MicroActive Datamaster 5 software (Micromeritics) Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) images were obtained on a microtomed cross-section of a Fe-based microsphere in a dual-pass mode performed by using the same AFM equipment The morphological properties were obtained in the intermittent contact mode during a first scan while the MFM phase imaging was operated in the second scan at constant-height (H) above the surface with the same magnetic probe (SSS-MFMR Nanosensors; with a tip radius of 15 nm by using a resonant frequency of 75 kHz) without bias or external magnetic field applied by monitoring the shifting of the phase and of the amplitude signals The two scans allow to discriminate short (van der Waals topography) and longer range (magnetic) interactions The magnetic tip probe was magnetized by an external magnet (magnetization along the tip-axis) and tested on a magnetic grid prior to measurements The optical properties of the samples have been obtained by means of Diffuse Reflectance (DR) UV–vis-NIR spectrophotometer (Varian Cary UV 5000 equipped with a diffuse reflectance sphere) in the 14,000–40,000 cm−1 range (about 700–250 nm wavelength range) The samples were diluted in BaSO4 to provide detectable Kubelka–Munk values FTIR spectra have been recorded on a Perkin Elmer Spectrum 100 in the attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode with a diamond crystal and in the transmission mode on KBr pellets using 32 scans per spectrum with a resolution of 4 cm−1 to detect the low wavenumber region (700–450 cm−1 range) Q600-SDT TA instruments) were performed under air up to 800°C (heating rate 15°C/min) to quantify the iron oxide loading Low-resolution SEM images of the material at the different steps of preparation are shown in Figures 1a–d while the corresponding size distributions are illustrated in the right panel (Figures 1a′-d′) Low-resolution SEM images (left panel) of: PS-co-DVB spheres (a) PS-co-DVB spheres after pyrolysis at 800°C for 5 h (b) after thermal treatment at 800° under N2 (c) carbonized ZnCl2/carbon microspheres after impregnation with Fe(NO3)3 and then thermal treatment at the same temperature (d); size distributions (right panel) of spheres at the different steps of preparation: polymer material before (a′) and after pyrolysis at 800°C (b′) ZnCl2-activated microspheres (c′) and the same ZnCl2-based spheres impregnated with Fe(III) after their thermal treatments at 800°C (d′) the remarkable role of the embedded ZnCl2 phase into the pores in preserving the structure of the spheres upon the thermal treatment at 800°C under N2 gas flow higher resolution SEM and AFM images of the surface of the microspheres: raw copolymer (a,a′,a″); pyrolyzed PS-co-DVB (b,b′,b″); ZnCl2-embedded copolymer (c,c′,c″); and ZnCl2-carbon microspheres after impregnation with Fe nitrate solution and thermal treatment at 800°C (d,d′,d″) particular care has been paid to the analysis of the XRD peak positions and shape in whole XRD pattern XRD patterns of: PS-co-DVB-pyrolyzed at 800°C for 5 h (black pattern) ZnCl2/PS-co-DVB composite spheres treated at 800°C (red pattern) the carbonized ZnCl2/PS-co-DVB spheres after impregnation with Fe (III) salt and treatment at the same conditions (800°C and (101) graphite (PDF card #41-1487) and Fe3O4 (PDF card #19-0629 one more common for micro-mesoporous carbons developed by the isotherm at the lower pressure range and one with a more pronounced uptake at the high p/p0 being the behavior associated with the occurrence of more larger and uniform meso/macropores (see steep capillary condensation at the higher relative pressure) N2-adsorption/desorption isotherms of: (a) the native PS-co-DVB (1-curve) and of the same polymer spheres pyrolyzed at 800°C for 5 h (2-curve); (b) ZnCl2/PS-co-DVB composite spheres treated at 800°C for 5 h (3-curve) and ZnCl2 carbon microspheres after the subsequent impregnation with Fe(NO3)3 and thermal treatment at 800°C for 5 h (4-curve); (c) pore size distributions of the samples Surface area (m2 g−1) and pore volume (cm3 g−1) of the materials at different stages of preparation It is noteworthy that the ZnCl2 dispersed in a polymer phase entails a set of reactions (i.e., melting, decomposition, oxidation, reduction to metal and vaporization), thus favoring the formation of an open porosity during the thermal treatment (Cesano et al., 2008b). Furthermore the formation of large mesopores has been observed when ZnCl2 is molecularly dispersed in the termosetting resins (Cesano et al., 2012b) Taking into consideration these previous studies the fact that ZnCl2 is effective not only in preserving the structural texture from the collapsing during the carbonization step but also in the activation of the carbon phase under formation is well-testified by the contribution of the larger pores (meso- and macropores) as well as of the total nitrogen uptake in the Vtot The following impregnation of the so-obtained carbon microspheres slightly reduces the porosity but does not affect the pore distributions in large amount A better understanding of the inner structure, in terms of porosity textures of the Fe3O4-based carbon microspheres and of the nanoparticle distribution, has been further obtained by SEM and TEM analyses (Figures 5a–d and Supplementary Figure 2) Fe3O4-based ZnCl2/PS-co-DVB microspheres treated at 800°C: HRSEM (a) A thin slice of a microsphere embedded in the epoxy resin after sectioning the specimen by ultramicrotomy is shown in the inset of (a) The red dotted line evidences the embedded carbonaceous microsphere (darker region) from the epoxy resin (brighter region) Nanoparticles and macropores are highlighted in (b) In the inset of (d) the selected nanoparticle is FFT imaged maghemite) into the sample cannot be ruled out We shall return on this point by comparing AFM and MFM images of the obtained samples the TEM analysis has a relevant role in investigating the porosity of the sample at the nanometric scale well-supporting the results obtained by gas sorption techniques which on the other hand provide a systematic statistical analysis due to the distinctive feature of the microscopy approach that is local TEM would be ineffective without porosimetry analysis Raman spectra of magnetic carbon microspheres obtained by means of three different exciting laser lines: (a) λ = 785 nm Spectra have been normalized to the G-band and shifted for a better comparison In the inset the laser energy dependence of D- and G-band positions is illustrated Fe3O4-based carbon microspheres: (a) AFM topography and (c) MFM phase shift images at H = 60 nm lift height obtained in a second scan The phase shift range in (c) is ~ 0.6 m° due to the good dispersion of the magnetic particles within the porous material (see TEM images) only the magnetic nanoparticles closer to the surface are expected to respond to the magnetic interaction with the tip probe In conclusion, from either the MFM signal and the TEM images, it results that the nanoparticles are mostly single domain particles or small aggregates of magnetic particles (Butler and Banerjee, 1975) but nothing more can be said about the orientation of their magnetic walls To investigate the macroscopic magnetic properties of the Fe3O4-based carbon microspheres, a simple experiment was performed, as illustrated in Figure 8 and in Supplementary Video 1 From these it comes out that iron oxide-based carbon microspheres are affected by a hand-held external magnet Pictures showing the macroscopic magnetic properties of the Fe3O4-based carbon microspheres The absorption spectra, in the 39,500–14,000 cm−1 (or 253–714 nm) UV-visible region, of PS-co-DVB-pyrolyzed at 800°C for 5 h (black curve), of the carbonized ZnCl2/PS-co-DVB spheres after impregnation with Fe (III) salt and treatment at the same conditions (800°C, 5 h) (blue curve), together with the Fe3O4 reference (Sigma Aldrich) (dotted curve) are compared in Figure 9 UV-vis spectra of: PS-co-DVB pyrolyzed at 800°C (black curve); carbonized ZnCl2/PS-co-DVB spheres after impregnation with Fe (III) salt and treatment at 800°C (blue curve); Fe3O4 Notice that the intense absorption at about 38,000 cm−1 (black curve), before ascribed to π-π* transitions of sp2 carbon sites inside the amorphous carbon phase, is quite completely eroded, although a redshift inside the complex envelope cannot be ruled out (blue curve). From this, one might infer the occurrence of Fe3O4/carbon interactions at the core-shell interface, as reported by some authors (Jafari et al., 2014) It is worth noticing that, despite the fact that carbonaceous species are spectrally active in the ultraviolet (UV) region of the spectrum, they have been largely considered only for extra-terrestrial investigations and not for solar system surfaces up to now (Hendrix et al., 2016; Applin et al., 2018) The attention on the precise control of the structure/surface has hidden so far the relevance of some properties related to the assembled architectures of the carbon materials In accordance with the molecular design concept the rational design of nanostructured porous carbonaceous materials has been adopted we have shown that polymer waste-derived microporous carbon microspheres (SBET ~ 800 m2/g) 100–300 μm in size can be obtained by taking advantage of both the crosslinked nature and the porous texture of the poly(4-ethylstyrene-co-divinylbenzene) precursor infiltrated by ZnCl2 incorporated in the microporous scaffold of the polymer prevents the collapsing of the pore structure and acts as an activating agent of the carbon phase under formation during the pyrolysis occurring at 800°C porous carbon microspheres with magnetic properties have been obtained from the ZnCl2-activated porous carbon spheres after impregnation with Fe nitrate solution and thermal treatment at 800°C A multi-technique approach has been adopted to characterize more extensively the carbons at the micro/nanoscale porous texture and the surface properties of materials have been investigated by several techniques (scanning and transmission electron microscopy magnetic properties have been shown at the nano- and at the macroscale by magnetic force microscopy and simple magnetically guided experiments by permanent magnets The presented multi-technique methodology aims also to an extensive description of the different characteristics of activated carbons with magnetic properties tailoring of some intrinsic characteristics (i.e. and other optical properties.) and the combination with some other functionalities (i.e. can open a perspective unattainable for the more traditional materials and performed the experiments and characterizations All authors participated in the final editing of the manuscript This work was supported by MIUR (Ministero dell'Istruzione dell'Università e della Ricerca) and NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Inter-Departmental Centre of University of Torino Valsania for the precious support in TEM experiments Compagnia di San Paolo and University of Turin through the program 2013–2015 (Open Access Raman Laboratory) The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2019.00084/full#supplementary-material optical microscope images and a video demonstrating the macroscopic magnetic properties of the Fe3O4-based carbon microspheres) 1. ^Or La (nm) = 560/(Elaser)4 × (ID/IG)−1 Preparation and characterization of microporous carbon spheres from high amylose pea maltodextrin CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Ultraviolet spectral reflectance of carbonaceous materials Microporous activated carbon prepared from coconut shells using chemical activation with zinc chloride Recent advances in functionalized micro and mesoporous carbon materials: synthesis and applications Toward a molecular design of porous carbon materials CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Theoretical single-domain grain size range in magnetite and titanomagnetite CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Calvo-Muñoz Biomass waste carbon materials as adsorbents for CO2 capture under post-combustion conditions Oriented TiO2 nanostructured pillar arrays: synthesis and characterization Radially organized pillars of TiO2 nanoparticles: synthesis Magnetic hybrid carbon via graphitization of polystyrene-co-divinylbenzene: morphology 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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) *Correspondence: Federico Cesano, ZmVkZXJpY28uY2VzYW5vQHVuaXRvLml0 Domenica Scarano, ZG9tZW5pY2Euc2NhcmFub0B1bml0by5pdA== Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish. Volume 7 - 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.00192 The anatase to rutile phase transformation via thermal and chemical (HF etching) routes of TiO2 P25 has been investigated The treatment parameters and properties of the resulting anatase and rutile nanoparticles are analyzed and discussed Since the nature of TiO2 surfaces plays a significant role in determining the physical and chemical properties of the TiO2 nanoparticles it is important to investigate the surface properties to be correlated with their peculiar properties we report an infrared spectroscopy investigation employing the adsorption of CO probe molecule at low temperature including 12CO and 12CO-13CO isotopic mixtures previously heated from room temperature to 1,023 K under vacuum conditions The same FTIR experiments were adopted on HF-etched TiO2 X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses were adopted to elucidate the role played by the thermal and the HF-etching treatments in modifying not only the distribution of exposed surfaces but even the phase composition of the pristine TiO2 P25 samples which are initially dominated by the most thermodynamically stable (101) facets of the anatase phase The present study helps in the crystal and exposed facet engineering for the development of highly efficient photocatalysts we report a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic study of the surface sites present on TiO2 P25 treated at different temperatures (RT and 1,023 K) or etched with HF solutions at different level of concentrations the CO molecules are used as surface probes before and after HF etching reactions to give further contributions to the knowledge of the surface chemistry X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were adopted to elucidate the role played by the thermal and the HF-etching treatments having about 50 m2g−1 as surface area was used without any further modification throughout the experiments where IA and IR correspond to the integrated intensities of anatase (101) and (110) rutile reflections located at 29.4° and at 32.0° The same XRD reflections were also used to calculate the average crystallite sizes by using the Scherrer equation: L = κ λ/(β-βi) cosθ β is the observed FWHM and βi is the calculated instrumental broadening Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of TiO2 powders were obtained by means of a JEOL 3010-UHR instrument operating at 300 kV with a point-to point resolution of 0.12 nm and equipped with a 2k × 2k pixels Gatan US1000 CCD camera Powders were placed dry on a lacey carbon coated copper grid without solvent X-ray diffraction patterns of TiO2 P25, obtained after thermal activation in vacuum at different temperatures from RT to 1,023 K are compared to the standard anatase (PDF card #21-1272) and rutile (PDF card #21-1276) (Figure 1) XRD patterns of TiO2 P25 powders: (A) outgassed at RT Peak positions and relative intensities (vertical lines) of anatase (PDF card #21-1272) and rutile TiO2 (PDF card #21-1276) are shown for comparison Table 1. Phase composition and crystal size analysis from XRD patterns shown in Figure 1 such as (11–2) can be also identified from both HRTEM and FFT images Such interference fringes can be observed parallelly oriented to the lateral sides of the anatase nanocrystal indicating that they preferentially expose (101) TEM images and the related high-resolution TEM selected regions of: (A,B) TiO2 P25 and of the same P25 powder after thermal activation in vacuum at: (D,E) 773 K and (G,H) 1,023 K; (C,F,I) fast-Fourier-transform (FFT) images of the selected nanocrystals in (A,D,G) as obtained from [111] or [-111] zone axis directions A remarkable variation in sizes can be observed for the sample treated at 1,023 K (Figure 2G). A HRTEM image of a nanoparticle exposing regular and sharp edges with well-defined interference fringes is shown in Figure 2H. The observed fringes are compatible with rutile (011) and (101) lattice planes as imaged from [−111] zone axis (Figure 2I) in all the imaged samples the observed lattice fringes are always observed parallelly oriented to the external sides of the nanocrystals indicating that they preferentially expose (101) and (110) surfaces FTIR spectra of CO adsorbed at 100 K on the TiO2 surface of previously activated samples at increasing temperatures, from RT to 1,032 K have been investigated (Figures 3A–G) FTIR spectra at 100 K of adsorbed CO (PCO = 50 mbar) at decreasing coverages on TiO2 (P25) surface and successively treated at the same temperature for 1 h with static O2 (PO2 = 50 mbar) at (A) RT show a visible coverage-induced shifting from ~2 to ~12 cm−1 (2,178 → 2,190 cm−1 from θ ≅ 1 to θ = 0) All these observations indicate that the CO species adsorbing in the 2,178–2,192 cm−1 range are associated with an array of parallel CO oscillators adsorbed on flat surfaces or terraces. On the basis of data obtained on shape-controlled TiO2 nanoparticles (Deiana et al., 2013a; Mino et al., 2018) and on TiO2 single crystals (Xu et al., 2011) we can safely state that the responsible face is the anatase (101) It is noteworthy that the observed high reversibility and the small difference with respect to νCO (gas) indicate that Ti+4 centers on these terraces or facets have a low Lewis acidic character The increase of the frequency shift with the activation temperature is likely associated with the decrement of hydroxyls concentration and with the associated increase of the extension of fully dehydroxylated and more regular patches where adsorbate-adsorbate interaction can fully develop Taken in consideration these findings, we can state that the role of rutile phase in affecting the CO spectra of samples outgassed at T ≤773 K is not evident and hence the contribution of CO adsorbed on rutile surface is very low, in agreement with the XRD data reported in Table 1 it is inferred that the feature in the 2,180–2,192 cm−1 range is due to CO on (110) faces of rutile FTIR spectra at 100 K of (A) adsorbed 12CO-13CO isotopic mixture (PCO = 2.5 mbar and P13CO = 50 mbar) at decreasing coverages on TiO2 (P25) surface previously outgassed at 773 K for 2 h and successively treated at the same temperature with static O2 (PO2 = 50 mbar) for the same time (B) comparison of adsorbed 12CO-13CO isotopic mixture (black line) with pure 12CO (gray line) at maximum coverage on TiO2 surface; (C) Relative IR absorbance vs frequency value during desorption of CO from 13CO-12CO mixture (PCO = 2.5 mbar and P13CO = 50 mbar) (solid black line) and from 12CO (PCO = 50 mbar) (gray solid line) XRD patterns of P25 powders chemically treated with 1 or 6 vol% HF for 1 h, or 10 vol% HF for 12 h are shown in Figure 5 respectively) and compared with the XRD pattern of the native P25 powder (black pattern) Table 2. Phase composition and crystal size analysis from XRD patterns for the HF-etched TiO2 samples shown in Figure 5 Due to the more remarkable changes of the structure and crystal sizes, samples chemically treated with the more severe etching conditions (6 vol% HF for 1 h and 10 vol% HF for 12 h solutions) have been TEM imaged (Figure 6) TEM images and the related high-resolution TEM selected images of TiO2 P25 etched with 6 vol% (A,B) and 10 vol% HF (D,E); fast-Fourier-transform (FFT) images (C,F) of the nanocrystals selected in (A,D) as obtained from [1-11] and [−111] zone axis directions FTIR spectra of CO adsorbed at 60 K on the surface of pristine and previously HF etched TiO2 P25 samples (1, 6, and 10 vol% HF) activated at 773 K are reported in Figures 7A–D to better investigate the CO interaction with weak Ti4+ Lewis acid sites of CO adsorbed at progressively decreasing coverages on TiO2 P25 outgassed at 773 K for 4 h and previously etched in hydrofluoric acid: (A) pristine TiO2 P25 (no HF treatment) broad and easily reversible band at 2,140 cm−1 due to a multilayer of physically adsorbed CO Increasing the HF concentration to 6 vol% results in a decrease of the intensity of the band at 2,165 cm−1, ascribed to CO interacting with the (100) surface, and a parallel growth of the rutile signal at 2,149 cm−1 (Figure 7C). This finding is consistent with the increase of the rutile fraction from 20% to 33% (Table 2) is due to CO adsorbed on the (110) rutile surface In the complex absorption in the 2,195–2,180 cm−1 range a residual contribution of the (101) and (110) anatase facets could also still be present The surface modification of TiO2 nanoparticles to design more effective photocatalysts is one of the major topics in photocatalysis A multi-technique characterization approach and XRD analyses for the investigation of thermally/HF-chemically modified TiO2 P25 powders has been shown in this contribution FTIR studies of adsorbed CO are an effective method to investigate the surface sites structure thus highlighting significant differences in the morphology and structure of different TiO2 samples coming from different thermal activations and etching processes by HF FTIR spectra taken at decreasing CO coverage at 100 K on TiO2 P25 give rise to bands at 2,178 and 2,165–4 cm−1 due to carbonyls on Ti4+ sites of (101) and (100) facets a band around 2,155 cm−1 can be explained with species adsorbed on surface hydroxyl groups and/or on the (001) anatase surface and TEM analyses were used to elucidate the role played by the thermal treatment (from RT to 1,023 K) and chemical etching by HF solutions (1 vol% for 1 h 10 vol% for 12 h) in altering the phase composition and modifying the distribution of exposed surfaces of the pristine TiO2 P25 FTIR spectra acquired at 60 K of samples obtained through more drastic etching conditions are dominated by two components centered at 2,149 cm−1 and at 2,182 cm−1 due to CO adsorbed on the rutile phase thus confirming the almost complete phase transition from anatase to rutile The present study helps in the crystal and exposed facet engineering in the development of highly efficient photocatalysts The datasets generated for this study are available on request to the corresponding authors and AZ provided a substantial contribution to the work INSTM Consorzio 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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) *Correspondence: M. Jasim Uddin, bW9oYW1tZWQudWRkaW5AdXRyZ3YuZWR1; Domenica Scarano, ZG9tZW5pY2Euc2NhcmFub0B1bml0by5pdA== David Martinetti was born an only child to a typical Italian family in a small city called Cesano Boscone he hopes to be a shliach and find the place in the world where he and his wife are most needed By Sofya Sara Esther Tamarkin – Chabad.org but not particularly observant in their daily lives From a young age David questioned the authenticity of his parents’ traditions yet the answer he received did not satisfy his curiosity David came to the understanding that the foundation of the Christian faith is Judaism and felt it important to pursue the source and read original texts David still hadn’t encountered an opportunity to meet an actual Jew he attended the annual celebration of Italy’s liberation from the Nazi regime where he saw representatives of the Jewish Brigade Group wearing Jewish attire His dream of meeting a Jewish person was coming true at last I told them that I was interested in their organization One of the members invited me to participate in a celebration of Israel’s Independence Day just a few weeks away “Although this was my first encounter with ‘real’ Jews I had secretly already been trying to learn to read Hebrew on my own my parents were not particularly supportive of this new interest So while I did not share my plans to attend the Israel Day parade with my parents she traveled with me to Milan to help me find my way “I was so excited that I arrived hours early to set up his outreach work for the large crowd that was anticipated and offered me my first Jewish greeting: ‘Shalom.’ I froze I observed this warm and friendly rabbi putting “black boxes” (tefillin) on participants he was the first rabbi who shook my hand and greeted me in the holy tongue I was too shy to speak to him or ask questions.” David had made the life-changing decision to join the Jewish people he had no idea what conversion to Judaism entailed or just how complex his journey was going to be he was committed to sacrifice whatever it took to become a part of the Jewish people “It took a lot of courage before I finally dialed the number of one of the organizers from the Israeli parade,” David recalls I asked to be connected to a teacher who could help me learn about Jewish traditions I was greeted by that same friendly face and unforgettable smile of the rabbi who shook my hand months ago—a clear sign that I was on the right track “It was the beginning of my lifelong connection with Rabbi Shmuel Rodal We started learning about the Seven Laws of Noah Although 16 people attended the second class of the series I was the only student present for the first which gave me an opportunity to ask questions ending late at night when the trains were no longer running David’s parents picked him up after the first class but made it clear that they were unwilling to do it again he was visibly worried that he had no way of returning home his fellow classmate shared that he lived a few minutes away from David’s house and would be happy to give him a ride home each week David saw this as a sign that he was on the right path and was being guided by his Creator David’s commitment to his Jewish education intensified He appealed to Rabbi Rodal to include lessons on important Jewish ideas in addition to the Seven Noahide Laws Recognizing how seriously the young man took his studies Rabbi Rodal agreed to teach him twice a week David knew with certainty that he belonged with the Jewish people I became legally independent and decided to move to Israel My parents were shattered and went to speak to the rabbi asking him to convince me to finish high school in Italy “The rabbi listened to their anguish and told me You need to complete your high school education and then move on to the next stage of your life.’ The rabbi also advised me to honor my parents and get the best grades possible I started looking for a Jewish school—a yeshivah either in the United States or in Israel—with hopes of beginning my conversion process I knew that I needed to start living in a Jewish environment “It had become increasingly complicated for me and my parents to live together my plan to attend yeshivah did not come to fruition since no Jewish school was willing to take me in Rabbi Shmuel Rodal acted as my guardian angel and offered to create a custom curriculum just for me we studied together every day for four hours hiding everything Jewish in order not to upset my already aggravated parents I moved in with my grandmother where I could be more open about my observance Rabbi Rodal was away in another city so I had to take a break from our learning My usual daily schedule included a two-hour commute as well as extra time with the rabbi’s family I moved into a vacant family vacation home where I spent my days watching countless videos of the Lubavitcher Rebbe’s talks I worked to improve my Hebrew reading skills I thought back to the way I concluded my first article about Elisheva At the time I did not know what had become of her so I simply wrote what I imagined: “In my dream she is holding hands with her skirt-wearing daughters while her kippah-wearing husband is talking to her in a soft reality is even more magnificent than dreams Yet I could have never imagined that while Elisheva was finding her way to the Jewish people David was seeking the same truth in another part of the world fortunately Elisheva had support of her mother When I asked David where he drew his courage despite his loneliness and the resentment from his family “In one of the many arguments with my mother saying that even if I was to convert to Judaism I would never truly belong because no ‘real’ Jew would ever marry me She was certain that I would be completely alone in the world “She was worried that I would have no friends I was surprised by my own reply when I asked her ‘What is the difference between gold and aluminum?’ She was confused by my question I explained that while both metals seem similar yet to me the value of the ‘golden’ truth was infinitely greater than all the noise of the mundane ‘aluminum’ world.” “At the end of my second year of intense studies Rabbi Rodal smiled and announced that by Rosh Hashanah I would be counted as a 10th person in the minyan on the 24th day of the Jewish month of Elul but the day already had significance as it is Elisheva’s birthday Rabbi Rodal arranged and paid for my studies No words can express the gratitude that I feel thoughtfulness and financial support can never be repaid I simply want to emulate his kindness by the way that I live my life This is the only way I can honor the rabbi that changed my life.” Two years prior to David’s arrival in Israel was studying a few blocks away in this same city David went on to learn in a yeshivah in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn he was embraced by the kindness of the Jewish people He met the Blizinsky family who “adopted” him as their own When I spoke to David about meeting his wife he concluded that the story was nothing short of a miracle Many people expressed their concern for my future I had a complex identity and an unusual past I decided for myself that if I was not married or engaged by my 24th birthday Elisheva and I celebrated our engagement on the night of my 24th birthday.” Elisheva and David were married in London in October 2018; their wedding was attended by friends and rabbis from China Their stories span continents and cultures each detail clearly orchestrated by Divine Providence David’s parents are proud of the life he has built with Elisheva They love to visit and play with their beautiful granddaughter David is a rabbi and continues to spend his days learning Torah I asked both David and Elisheva about their future dreams I was not surprised by the answer of this power couple “Our dream is to emulate all the kindness we received along our journeys We hope to become Chabad-Lubavitch emissaries, shluchim and find the place in the world where we are most needed.” I wiped away tears as I looked through the screen of my Zoom meeting with this Chinese-born young woman and Catholic Italian-born young man David and Elisheva experienced Divine guidance and tremendous kindness empathy and dedication from the Jewish people The way these seekers of truth were treated and cared for offers us a glimpse to the powerful Their journey is a clear reminder that when a person wants to find a path back to the Creator As David pointed out: “A life where G‑d’s ways are revealed is a life of true blessing!” Reprinted with permission from Chabad.org Δdocument.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value" ANSA’s sources confirmed an earlier report by Il Fatto Quotidiano saying that the training took place at Sabaudia in the province of Latina to the south of Rome and regarded the SAMP/T anti-missile systems At the same time, Il Giornale D’Italia reports that Ukrainian servicemen were at the Santa Barbara barracks in Sabaudia (Latina) the headquarters of the air defense department of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of Italy but it was discovered by Il Fatto Quotidiano It is not known exactly when the Ukrainian military arrived in Italy but they were transported by special flight to Pratica di Mare (Rome) and Sabaudia as the Italian mass media learned from the Ministry of Defense of Italy were at the Infantry school in Cesano (Rome Scuola di Fanteria di Cesano in Italian) for tests on some armored vehicles the Italian Ministry of Defense confirmed the presence of Ukrainian troops on the territory of Lazio after the information leak but announced that the training had already been completed Defense Express reported earlier on What Other Air Defense Systems Italy Transfers to Ukraine in Addition SAMP/T This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page Altamin (ASX:AZI) has bolstered its Lazio Project area near Cesano Italy by more than 500% after securing 4 new exploration licences from Regione Lazio.  The $21.94 million market capitalisation company says the combined exploration licence area provides Altamin with the majority land position in the Cesano geothermal field.  including the historical test wells drilled by Enel in the 1970s and the extraction and injection wells that were used for ‘extensive’ pilot-scale testwork.  an updated study by expert Italian geothermal consultants Steam provides hydrological and geological models for the project and reports a ‘positive’ reservoir assessment for geothermal energy Further evaluation of the reservoir’s contained mineral endowment is in progress by relevant European based specialists Altamin Managing Director Geraint Harris says the company is positioned to evaluate what it believes to be potential for Italy to host ‘world-class’ resources of in-demand minerals “It is hugely encouraging that we have been able to secure a majority land position in the Cesano geothermal area and this has unlocked the value of historical wells and production data which has lain dormant for more than 40 years.  Italy has been the pioneer and home of geothermal energy since 1911 and we are very fortunate to have a skilled Italian team and access to world class technical expertise within Italy and in the broader European context We are now focused on plans to accelerate progress with the further evaluation and development of these assets.” and assessment of rich mineral deposits in Italy that are attractive for commercialisation and development in conjunction with European Union objectives The Lazio Project sits about 30km northwest of Italy’s capital city of Rome.  Altamin had $1.86 million cash and cash equivalents at hand Write to Adam Drought at Mining.com.au ABC Refinery: Back to the future with Trump’s tariffs Donald Trump may have ‘borrowed’ the phrase “Make America Great Again” from.. 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Stay Informed on up-to-the-minute mining news Get the best articles straight to your inbox ABC Refinery: Back to the future with Trump’s tariffs06 May Flagship eyes potential to expand Pantanillo’s mineralisation06 May Pacgold accelerates Alice River with new resource06 May Get the latest Mining news delivered straight to your inbox religion — at this point in our national history we Americans seem particularly bent on picking a point of view and sticking to it We seek opinions that support our own and discount facts and ideas that contradict our beliefs We eschew civil discourse and consider compromise a sign of weakness encourages members to explore the world and connections among religion art and science with a goal of understanding themselves and others better What draws members together isn’t a shared belief or world view members and guests seek to understand differences discover commonalities and embrace diversity while engaging in self-discovery publicist for the Theosophical Society in America Those interested in learning more can attend the society’s TheosoFEST an open-house festival featuring presenters on topics such as astrology healing and Western and Eastern philosophy tai chi and meditation practices throughout the day An outdoor drumming circle closes the event “This event is a more extensive example of what we normally offer to the community: a variety of teachings and experiences a place for people to meet without distinctions and find other fellow seekers and opportunities for enjoyment,” Cesano said Cesano tells us more about the Theosophical Society in America The society has a vision of wholeness that inspires a fellowship united in study Its mission is to encourage open-minded inquiry into world religions and the arts in order to understand the wisdom of the ages and help people explore spiritual self-transformation feeling and thought affect all other beings and that each of us is capable of and responsible for contributing to the benefit of the whole How do you work toward accomplishing that goal The Theosophical Society has Three Objects: Ÿ To form a nucleus of the universal brotherhood of humanity Ÿ To encourage the comparative study of religion Ÿ To investigate unexplained laws of nature and the powers latent in humanity we provide an open space in which people can freely grow into a broader comprehension of life and their part in it We offer a range of opportunities to connect with what resonates most with each individual group discussions and occasional special events are open to the community year round We present a variety of topics and speakers but to present opportunities for individuals to grow in self-understanding The affordable nature of our activities are in keeping with our priority of making practical applications of the ageless wisdom teachings readily available The Theosophical Society is an international organization that was founded in 1875 in New York The intention for its founding was to bridge the chasm between science and religion The international society has centers in more than 50 countries At that time it was composed of branches in 14 cities The society was influential in the founding of many later movements a number of which were founded by former members founder of the modern Martinist Order; William W co-founder of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn; Max Heindel founder of The Rosicrucian Fellowship; Alice Bailey founder of the Arcane School; Rudolf Steiner founder of the Anthroposophical Society; the Russian painter and Nobel Peace Prize nominee Nicholas Roerich and his wife Helena founders of the Agni Yoga Society; and Guy and Edna Ballard founders of the “I AM” movement; among others Its influence also is recognized in the field of arts through theosophists such as Wassily Kandinsky and Piet Mondrian the TS has been actively supportive of interfaith efforts from the first Parliament of World Religions held in Chicago in 1893 to hosting a mega event with His Holiness the IV Dalai Lama of Tibet last year in Chicago the theme of the event being “Bridging the Faith Divide.” What challenges do the organization currently face one of our main challenges is remaining relevant in people’s overbusy lives Although the need for genuine methods of self-discovery and self-unfoldment never have been greater the demands of time that we all face seem to place constraints on our ability to fully engage in the necessary practice One of the ways we have approached this challenge is to find ways to make the study and practice more accessible through focused classes and workshops and through Internet-based seminars and lectures What is your group best known for in the community How does the group contribute to the community The Theosophical Society usually is regarded as a nondogmatic and altruistic source of knowledge in the field of spirituality with an emphasis on self-transformation The group’s greatest gift to the community is to offer those unique qualities and provide an open space for that to happen Our greatest gift to the community is to offer not only resources but a peaceful and open space for individuals to pursue their interests We offer a wealth of online and on-site resources online classes and self-study courses to our library’s collection of about 25,000 titles of books periodicals and video and audio recordings our beautiful grounds of 42 acres of land are open to the community every day until sunset What would people experience if they spent a month or a year with the organization The society stands for a complete freedom of individual search and belief while promoting in its members a willingness to examine any concept and belief with an open mind and a respect for other people’s understanding recently wrote: “I’ve continued to volunteer at the Theosophical Center because it goes beyond what I’ve known and what I have experienced … The Theosophical Society has expanded my awareness and it has made me rethink what my world is and what my role in that world is … I know that I will be able to take the feeling with me and that same reverence When people spend some time at the Society they encounter a welcoming group of wholehearted people and experience a sense of fulfillment that comes from having touched something within themselves that may become a permanent source of inspiration in their lives What qualities do you look for in new members and religious affiliation from all over the world interested in self-transformation The society does not impose a particular commitment on our members although it is desirable that they participate in the activities they feel attracted to and help with the society’s mission if they feel inspired to do so The only requirement for membership is to be in sympathy with the three objects of the society There are a number of ways to get involved with our organization Volunteer opportunities abound and are waiting in the Henry S Volunteers are welcome all year round and enjoy special benefits 20 percent discount at Quest Book Shop and 50 percent discount for most classes Membership is always available and appreciated and provides additional benefits Where: The Theosophical Society national center Details: Presenters on topics such as astrology Altamin (ASX:AZI) has applied to increase the EL application area by over 500% at its Lazio Geothermal Lithium Project to cover a significant portion of the remaining geothermal reservoir is near Cesano some 50km north of Rome in an area well known for its geothermal energy with permits adjacent to the Italian assets of Vulcan Energy (ASX:VUL) The company has received a detailed study from expert independent Italian geothermal consultants STEAM which provides a geological model for the entire prospective district The study reports a positive reservoir assessment (non-JORC compliant) of potential energy and lithium content contained within the boundaries of the existing Campagnano and Galeria ELs Altamin reports the new permit application areas are known as Melazza All new applications have received positive environmental decrees (first stage of EL grant process) and are now being reviewed by the regional government of Lazio (final stage of EL granting) STEAM’s assessment utilises a data package based on the extensive investigation of the geothermal reservoir undertaken by ENEL (Italy’s national utility for distributing electricity and gas) in the 1970s and 80s The historical data sources include the results of ground geophysics brine analyses and data from a geothermal pilot plant commissioned to extract brines The STEAM report authors include geoscientists who worked on ENEL’s initial project and have firsthand knowledge of the geological data and the technical aspects of the historical work Altamin says geological model prepared by STEAM is developed from the historical geophysical and borehole data which indicates the presence of a deep (1,500m to 2,000m below surface) and continuous reservoir of geothermal fluids under the entire area of Altamin’s ELs The company adds that the brines from the boreholes were sampled multiple times by ENEL between the 1970s and 80s The brine analyses compiled in STEAM’s report show significant levels of lithium in multiple holes sampled Using this information Altamin applied for new EL areas designed to maximise coverage of the deep reservoir and to encompass many of the historical boreholes including the production well C1 which had lithium values recorded up to 250mg/l this EL package will give Altamin the majority land position in the Cesano geothermal field As a result of STEAM’s positive assessment and the positive environmental approvals for the EL applications Altamin has now commissioned STEAM to update the reservoir assessment of the contained energy and minerals to include all of the areas granted or under application Write to Adam Orlando at Mining.com.au Durazzo (Durrës) – Tirana (Tiranë) Tirana (Tiranë) – Tirana (Tiranë) TUDOR ITT Valona (Vlorë) – Valona (Vlorë) Alberobello (Pietramadre) – Lecce Ceglie Messapica – Matera Potenza – Napoli Castel di Sangro – Tagliacozzo Giulianova – Castelraimondo Gubbio – Siena Lucca – Pisa TUDOR ITT Viareggio – Castelnovo ne' Monti Modena – Viadana (Oglio-Po) Rovigo – Vicenza Treviso – Nova Gorica/Gorizia Fiume Veneto – Asiago Piazzola sul Brenta – San Valentino (Brentonico) San Michele all'Adige (Fondazione Edmund Mach) – Bormio Morbegno – Cesano Maderno Biella – Champoluc Verrès – Sestrière (Vialattea) Roma – Roma Sign up for free to Fanzone to access tons of exclusive content Silvio Berlusconi smiled and waved as he left an old people’s home yesterday after his first stint of community service a symbolic punishment for tax fraud that still allows him to wield huge influence over Italian politics had initially received a four-year jail sentence but that was commuted to one year’s community service and he will spend at least four hours a week at a centre for Alzheimer’s patients in a small town near Milan the media tycoon arrived in the morning in a sedan with darkened windows Ignoring around 200 Italian and foreign journalists Berlusconi left bodyguards and aides outside as he entered the Sacred Family institute a sprawling structure caring for the elderly and mentally ill he waived and smiled briefly at the media without making a comment in line with rules that prevent him from speaking to reporters while on the premises Following his definitive tax fraud conviction last year in a case revolving around his Mediaset broadcaster Berlusconi was stripped of his seat in the Italian Senate and barred from holding public office for two years But he remains the most influential politician on Italy’s centre right as leader of the Forza Italia party he created and he played a key role in negotiations with Prime Minister Matteo Renzi this year on reforming the electoral law Berlusconi has promised “surprises” during his service and told a radio station on Thursday he had been studying the latest treatments for Alzheimer’s disease to help patients “do more” said last month Berlusconi would at first go through a period of observation of the needs of Alzheimer’s patients before assisting them more actively helping them eat or taking them for a stroll He won’t do something enjoyable or relaxing he will do activities with suffering people who are a challenge for all those having contact with these patients.” please register for free or log in to your account Six of eight Armed Forces of Malta (AFM) officer cadets who have completed the local leg of their training leave Malta this morning for seven-month specialised instruction at the Italian Army's School of Infantry in Cesano The other two officer cadets will continue their training at military academies in the UK and Italy later this year Maurizio Scicluna - are part of a unique intake as most were prior service soldiers in both the Regular and Reservist forces of the AFM It is expected that next year most of the officer cadets will undergo the Infantry Officer Basic Course at the United States Army's Infantry School at Fort Benning AFM Training Wing directing staff from 3rd Regiment led the officer cadets through a military training programme aimed at developing the qualities of leadership character and intellect demanded of an army officer the officer cadets covered physical training firing range management and shooting marksmanship adventure training through rock climbing and abseiling Their academic studies included Maltese military law military history and international affairs soldier-welfare and gender-equality/sexual harassment issues Their attachment and on-job training modules familiarised them with the AFM's roles and its brand new organisational structure its search and rescue and other maritime commitments as encompassed in maritime and air operations The course aim was to foster the essential army values of loyalty The training course was divided in four phases The first was aimed at teaching basic military skills of those soldiers the future officers are expected to lead and command - the foundation for all their other training The cadets underwent long and hard training with very little free time and including a period of living in barracks which emphasised leadership skills and initiative saw the officer cadets training with Royal Artillery territorial army reservists visiting from the UK before a three-week course led by the Italian Military Mission Phase 3 focused on all aspects of "Operations other than war" from counter-insurgency warfare to peacekeeping and more academic and new subjects were introduced A three-week bilateral 'Terraferma' exercise included ten days' training in Bari alongside seasoned Maltese and Italian soldiers The final phase saw the officer cadets involved in specialised heavy weapons training using the RPG-7 anti-tank rocket-launcher and the 12.7 mm calibre Browning machine-gun A five-day training camp was held at the AFM's Qortin Base in Gozo Last Wednesday AFM Commander Carmel Vassallo presented all eight cadets with their ten-month course completion certificate Five were presented with special achievement awards Ocdt Grech won Best in Physical Training and Best in Academics; Ocdt Camilleri Best in Extra Mural Activities; Ocdt Titley Brigadier Vassallo stressed the importance of the cadets excelling in their overseas training as good results and course placings reflected not only on the cadets or the AFM but on Malta He reminded the cadets that these remaining months were still crucial for successful cadetship completion le regole per il raggiungimento degli obiettivi e per l’interazione con gli stakeholder una breve storia dell’Anas dalla sua nascita risalente al 1928 ad oggi La sezione illustra la nostra rete stradale e ne evidenzia la strategicità e capillarità le strade Anas che fanno parte della rete europea TEN-T i dati del nostro Osservatorio del traffico La sezione descrive i servizi offerti ai clienti come parte 'core' del nostro business Anas gestisce le strade e offre servizi a chi le usa per lavoro o per viaggiare ma anche a chi abita oppure ha un’attività lavorativa nei pressi delle proprie strade Nella sezione si trovano tutte le informazioni utili per diventare nostro fornitore Lavorare con Anas significa essere partner di una grande impresa siamo tra i principali soggetti industriali in Italia e per raggiungere i nostri obiettivi vogliamo scegliere le migliori aziende che possano costruire con noi le strade del futuro La sezione illustra il nostro impegno nella gestione della viabilità in cooperazione con le altre strutture preposte alla sicurezza stradale i nostri piani di interventi stagionali e straordinari e tutte le informazioni utili per chi viaggia in collaborazione con il CCISS Viaggiare Informati e Sicuri Innovation and technology are part of our DNA and for us this means "building understanding" of the challenges we will face in the near future in order to "create our future" and help shape better road transport infrastructure The constant evolution of technologies and materials in our field of activity opens new perspectives for the management of road safety This is why we are constantly testing new solutions and developing new procedures and materials cooperating with research centres and promoting innovative projects at a national and international level our Cesano Research Centre (CSS) is a pole of excellence for research Anas cooperates with Italy's and Europe's main research centres experimental tests on materials and on road management technologies The technological solutions we adopt aim to drastically reduce accidents and the number of road victims Monitoring and traffic information systems on our network contribute to make the flow of traffic smoother and permit us to promptly provide traffic information report emergencies or other forms of danger Our goal is to lead Italy towards the digital transformation of its road infrastructure in order to provide services that facilitate mobility and the monitoring of road works through the development of a network of smart roads that are "connected" to and interact with road users In 2016 we invested 160 million euro for the technological transformation of 3,000 kms of the road network we manage and planned investments in this field are significant: 225 million euro for phase 1 (a large part of which have been initiated) 365 million in phase II and 210 million in phase III The challenges linked to "smart and sustainable mobility" cannot be faced just by building new infrastructure or adopting new technologies: a broader strategic approach is required to design a completely new "integrated transport system" for a "smart" management of mobility We are focusing on our “Smart Road” project in order to introduce advanced technologies that improve road safety sustainability and accessibility on our network through a “Digital Transformation” (DT) that provides innovative services and solutions that meet the needs of road users We aim to offer travelers real time information on road and traffic conditions through advanced technologie that connect them to the road infrastructure In this sense innovative solutions and platforms are being identified (by means of "in motion connectivity systems") to cancel the distance between road users through Vehicle To Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle To Vehicle (V2V) communication and  DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication) technologies in the near future will make all of this possible With Smart Roads the technological infrastructure will also be equipped with innovative video surveillance systems that will allow monitoring of the state of the infrastructure even in areas difficult to access The technological infrastructure will also be equipped with innovative video surveillance systems that will allow monitoring of the state of the infrastructure even in areas difficult to access by traditional means projects are also being developed to incorporate technologies into roadways in order to generate solar energy install more efficient lighting and monitoring systems and to improve forms of communication and of integration with self-driving vehicles In the near future roads will no longer only be considered "civil engineering works" and other technologies roads not only will become navigable Information will be shared with road users improving general road safety and conditions Also data concerning important events will be processed and collected to guarantee prompt interventions smarter maintenance and an increase in road operation efficency equipped with a MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching) network along the entire length of a road enable the sharing of data on a single platform specific Smart Road wireless systems ensure connection between road users when they are traveling on board of their vehicles Considering the widespread popularity of mobile devices the possibility to provide drivers with real time infomobility and road safety information services through APPs can be guaranteed by equipping the entire road network with a dedicated Wi-Fi connection that functions within certain speed limits (130 km/h) Vehicle to Vehicle connections and Vehicle to Infrastructure connections will also promote the development of semi-automatic or autonomous driving systems that adopt "Dedicated Short Range Communication" (DSRC) technologies based on European standards Smart Road - Energy and environmental sustainability We care about the environment and are working on sustainable technological solutions for energy sources: the core of our energy system will focus on  “Green Islands” along our roads In recent years the concept design of multifunctional poles and "Green Islands" was developed in collaboration with important research centres and this will allow the autonomous generation and distribution of energy from renewable source These islands will provide enough power for the Smart Road systems installed along each road and to recharge electric vehicles and drones Our Smart Road technologies will first be introduced on our A2 “Autostrada del Mediterraneo” motorway Other roads that will also be part of this project are Rome's Grande Raccordo Anulare (GRA) the Orte-Mestre itinerary on the E45 and E55 itineraries the A19 Palermo-Catania motorway and the city of Catania's Tangenziale (Ring road) Saving energy is another goal we pursue during the planning management and maintenance of the road and motorway network we managsand its technological systems We are increasingly focusing our attention on "energy efficiency and saving measures" More in detail great attention is placed on "monitoring" energy consumption already during the "design phase" of road projects thanks to specific software that enable the remote monitoring of lighting systems and of their functioning At the end of 2016 a multi-year project called #greenlight - with a total investment of 155 million euro - was approved by our Board of Directors and launched to reduce tunnel energy consumption for lighting while maximizing visibility and safety We have identified 708 tunnels (out of a total of 1,900 tunnels on our network) in which conventional luminaires are being replaced with more efficient lighting systems based on the latest LED technology which delivers better driver experience in tunnels where visibility and the quality of artificial light diffusion improves luminous efficiency and high visual comfort of LED equipment enables us to lower the luminance level on the road surface which translates into considerable energy savings With regard to the first tranche of investments we already pubblished a three-year framework agreement for a total value of 45 million euro that will be invested  between 2017-2019 in 200 tunnels The second tranche provides another 110 million euro  #Greenlight project info-graphic We are also installing "luminance sensors" at each tunnel's entrance so that we can adjust the internal lighting levels according to outside luminance Also a system upgrading programme is currently underway for other tunnels to ensure relevant energy savings In recent years we developed three projects and respondend to EU research calls and funding under the LIFE + and HORIZON 2020 programmes: In this same period we continued to conduct our activities within research projects that already have been funded (INFRAVATION Dynamap is a LIFE project that is co-funded by the European Commission It aims to develop a dynamic noise mapping system that detects and represents the acoustic impact generated by road infrastructures in real time.The project stems from the need to make the preparation and upgrading of “noise maps” - through a fully automatic "integrated" system for data acquisition and processing - easier and less costly which is required every 5 years by the European Directive on environmental noise The system consists of a network of sensors which are located along the infrastructure that continuously measure traffic noise levels and is managed by a software implemented on a GIS platform that updates and reports noise maps in real time. Dynamap has been implemented in two pilot areas with different environmental and territorial characteristics: an urban center and a major road The first pilot area is located in Milan while the second pilot area is located in Rome along the A90 motorway (the so-called Grande Raccordo Anulare) One year of testing was done to verify the systems efficiency For more information: http://www.life-dynamap.eu/ Research and Experimental  Projects - The Cesano Research center Technological innovations are fundamental in road maintenance We are ready to respond to customer needs with an innovative approach placing ourselves on the market as a new player in the implementation and management of systems tthat support advanced technologis for roads Among the services we provide there are tests on construction materials which are carried out by our Cesano Research Centre This Center has designed and developed several automated systems to determine maintence plans for road surfaces and bridges based on the data acquired from specific machines or through lase-scanner technologies It also carries out a number of other activities by testing new noise-absorbing and low-emission pavements and studying new additives to use in asphalt layers More information is available at the following link - Centro sperimentale stradale di Cesano We collaborate with the "Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale" - ISPRA on environmental monitoring activities In October 2015 we signed a Memorandum of Understanding with ISPRA for the exchange of information and to create a database to colect information on the hydro-geological instability of the Italian territory Open Italy is a project developed by Elis – with the patronage of the Italian Ministry of Economic Development  - that aims to foster connections between large companies and startups to bring the "innovative drive" of young start-ups into companies and promote entrepreneurship: a sort of  “Sales Accelerator” aiming to encourage this dialogue and collaboration The startups joining the initiative gain access to dedicated meetings with companies in which they discuss their business needs the startups enter a solution development path that culminates in a final event during which contracts are awarded to the best start-ups and projects Anas is  part of this alliance of large Italian companies wishing to support the innovative potential of startups In 2017 we participated at the first edition of this project and awarded two contracts to two startups Cloud4Wi is a platform that will be capable of providing information and services to its customers during their travels through the Wi-Fi network It constitutes one of the components of the smart road project which allows vehicle to vehicle and vehicle infrastructure dialog as well as the possibility of receiving traffic information and additional services the perimeter of interest within which we are looking for innovative ideas is “Connected Car & Smart Road” 2017  |  P.IVA 02133681003 |  C.F