Organizers: World Health Organization (WHO) the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and the University of Cassino and Southern Lazio \"Particle Pathways\" is a pioneering three-day international conference designed to explore the critical intersection of indoor air pollution and airborne diseases This multidisciplinary event is dedicated to bridging the gap between two pivotal areas of public health and environmental science fostering a unique dialogue on the exposure to ambient and viral particles \"Particle Pathways\" seeks to deepen the understanding on airborne disease transmission noncommunicable diseases from air pollution explore synergies between different fields environmentally sustainable solutions to mitigate risks associated with air pollution and airborne pathogens The integration of these disciplines is essential for developing a holistic understanding of the nexus between indoor air pollution and airborne diseases "Particle Pathways" is a pioneering three-day international conference designed to explore the critical intersection of indoor air pollution and airborne diseases "Particle Pathways" seeks to deepen the understanding on airborne disease transmission MU is an equal opportunity employer © 2025 — The Curators of the University of Missouri. All rights reserved. DMCA and other copyright information. Privacy Policy An equal opportunity/access/affirmative action/pro-disabled and veteran employer. | Disability Resources Thanks for visiting The use of software that blocks ads hinders our ability to serve you the content you came here to enjoy We ask that you consider turning off your ad blocker so we can deliver you the best experience possible while you are here is a visionary innovator best known for his Academy Award-winning work on The Matrix trilogy A pioneer in immersive media and future-facing technologies Gaeta has spent his career exploring the fusion of storytelling and artificial intelligence to push the boundaries of how audiences experience narrative worlds With escape.ai Gaeta is now focused on showcasing the next generation of AI-generated and AI-enhanced film content The platform serves as a curated space for cutting-edge audiovisual experiences powered by generative AI highlighting the future of storytelling through experimental formats and intelligent media By spotlighting this emerging wave of creative work Escape.ai is redefining what streaming looks like in the era of artificial intelligence and how does it tie into your long-standing mission to reinvent cinematic storytelling through technology You’ve described Escape as a “Neo Cinema” platform Can you define what Neo Cinema means to you and how it differs from traditional or even modern digital cinema Neo Cinema is a spirit and movement that is pushing the next paradigm of storytelling and story-world making It’s built upon the foundations of cinema while also disrupting and evolving it From The Matrix to Magic Leap to ILMxLAB to Epic Games to Inworld ai you’ve always worked at the intersection of story and tech How has that journey informed the DNA of Escape.ai My journey’s always been about expanding the ways stories and worlds can be experienced and breaking narrative constraints we experimented with blurring reality with beloved worlds like Star Wars we showcased the next plateau of cinematic-interactive platforms And at Inworld we catalyzed the first steps toward intelligent Characters Escape.ai is where it all comes together — and where creators This DNA is critical: we’re not just innovating formats; we’re redistributing power creators can now compete with legacy studios — on their own terms What are the most exciting or transformative ways you’re seeing Generative AI and game engines used in storytelling today What excites me most is that the creative asymmetry is disappearing a small team — or even a solo creator — can now prototype entire worlds These aren’t shortcuts — they’re force multipliers AI doesn’t just amplify the natural talents of human storytellers; it levels the playing field by allowing new voices to be heard It gives indie storytellers the means to launch franchises — and on escape Do you believe AI filmmaking will eventually merge with traditional Hollywood or are we witnessing the birth of an entirely new industry How do you respond to skepticism around the creative legitimacy of AI-assisted content The human heart and mind is still the source Human authors are ground zero if something capable of authentic human resonance is the objective AI tools are just extending the reach of human imagination in the same way that special effects enabled the making of The Wizard of Oz or 2001: A Space Odyssey Early computer graphics made films like TRON possible and once it arrived were people worried that human creativity would go extinct because we were turning to computers to become our next paint brush our myths — only now we can express them more vividly AI doesn’t replace creativity; but can help to remove the obstacles between vision and realization And because creators can now build and publish without a massive budget or corporate backing we’re actually seeing more human stories — from more voices — than ever before what role will human authors and actors play in the future of AI-powered cinema They’ll be at the center — but in new ways Writers won’t just script linear plots; they’ll design narrative ecosystems Actors will blend physical and digital performances creating personas that persist across mediums It also gives them control over the avatars and universes they create — and the ability to monetize those assets directly We’re entering an era of creative sovereignty You've said Escape.ai isn’t just about technology but about discovering “masters of a new craft.” What are the new skills today’s filmmakers need to thrive in this hybrid creative world Today’s new masters sometimes think like systems designers With unprecedented access to rapid iteration they are able to fail fast and learn from mistakes leading to better understanding of story and structure — world-building This year and beyond we will see a great convergence between this pioneer sector and the pre existing sector of natural creative risk takers producers and performers that are often frustrated by the “hollywood” media complex they have contributed so much to yet are constrained by the modern creator is beginning to understand the value of ownership as they become ever more wary of old paradigm exploitation It’s not enough to make something beautiful — you have to own your world Escape.ai exists to support that entire creative cycle — from spark to storyworld to platform You’ve described Escape.ai as a “Netflix for Neo Cinema.” What does that experience look like for viewers — and how does it differ from a traditional streaming platform Escape.ai appears on its face as a beautifully presented streaming service but it’s not just where you watch — it’s a destination you can enter Beyond the new world of cutting edge original content there are social places where the creators hang out Places such as our social feed or our majestic retro future immersive theater Any visitor to escape can choose to watch videos traditionally or they can literally hit an escape button and find themselves inside a social interactive theater where they can watch and celebrate with friends where creators can speak directly to audiences and where fans can support and influence what gets made next they can also grow it across games (Neo Play is being developed now) You’ve introduced features like virtual theaters and creator journals — can you talk about how Escape is blurring the lines between streaming Escape.ai is designed to bring creators and audiences into the same space — not just as viewers Virtual theaters allow real-time premieres with global participation Creator journals offer transparency and insight into the creative process It’s not just entertainment — it’s an ecosystem And we’re tying this to economic models that reward creators for engagement IP ownership becomes the foundation for a true creator economy — where success is shared and fans feel connected to the worlds they help elevate Escape.ai empowers creators to retain ownership of their IP — a rarity in today’s entertainment world we’re building a world where artists don’t have to sell their rights to tell their stories Emergent tech like GenAI makes it easier to produce content — but publishing that content allows fan bases to emerge and that makes ip more valuable We want creators to not only make iconic worlds — but to own the mythology the people behind escape are in fact creators as well We have every intention in collaborating with many of the creators on escape in pursuit of our own originals For a young filmmaker or game artist reading this — what’s your advice on getting started in Neo Cinema Start building your universe — even if it’s small If your ideas are compelling you might even challenge anything on streaming platforms This is the time for bold creators to step forward Please know that escape is for creators across the spectrum from the newly minted to the highly established and tell the story you want not the one you’ve been told you must Thank you for the great interview, I urge readers to visit escape.ai and watch a few shorts to experience the future of video streaming and digital story telling Deloitte’s US Cyber AI & Automation leader – Interview Series Head of Product at Lumai – Interview Series Antoine is a visionary leader and founding partner of Unite.AI driven by an unwavering passion for shaping and promoting the future of AI and robotics he believes that AI will be as disruptive to society as electricity and is often caught raving about the potential of disruptive technologies and AGI As a futurist, he is dedicated to exploring how these innovations will shape our world. In addition, he is the founder of Securities.io a platform focused on investing in cutting-edge technologies that are redefining the future and reshaping entire sectors AI/ML at SnapLogic – Interview Series Founder and CEO of Explorance – Interview Series 10 Best AI Pre-Production Tools for Filmmakers (May 2025) Acuity Behavioral Health – Interview Series Advertiser Disclosure: Unite.AI is committed to rigorous editorial standards to provide our readers with accurate information and news We may receive compensation when you click on links to products we reviewed ShareSaveCommentInnovationConsumer TechJohn Gaeta’s Escape AI Launches Alternative Oscars For AI FilmmakersByCharlie Fink Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights XR and The Metaverse for Forbes.Follow AuthorFeb 28 09:58am ESTShareSaveCommentAcademy Award Winner John Gaeta is the founder of neo-cinema platofrm Escape.ai Hollywood has always been in flux, but few figures embody its ongoing transformation like John Gaeta. Best known for pioneering ‘bullet time’ in The Matrix and shaping immersive entertainment at companies like Magic Leap, Gaeta is once again ahead of the curve. His latest venture, Escape.AI is a digital-first platform for the next wave of cinematic creators embracing Neo-Cinema—a term he coined to describe storytelling made with emerging technologies Escape AI will host its first-ever Escape Awards an AI-centric film festival and awards show set one day before the Motion Picture Academy’s Oscars voting is exclusively done by Escape’s 200+ creators It’s a bold counterpoint to traditional awards which have struggled to define AI’s role in filmmaking Escape.ai is celebrating its launch with its own awards show tomorrow Neo-Cinema is built for digital-first creators leveraging AI and virtual production tools to produce high-quality films with smaller teams “but the way creators achieve that is radically different now.” Escape.AI functions as a curated platform for these new-age filmmakers its peer-driven model helps surface standout work without the noise of YouTube or social media algorithms The Escape Awards is a natural extension of that ecosystem where AI-assisted films are judged by fellow AI filmmakers—sidestepping the institutional hesitation Hollywood has shown toward AI-driven work The Escape Awards will take place in a custom-built virtual venue where attendees will navigate an interactive metaverse-style social space before being ushered into a 3D theater to watch the ceremony Categories reflect the unique nature of AI-driven filmmaking recognizing achievements in generative storytelling The winners—selected by their peers—will have their films showcased to a broader audience positioning Escape as the go-to hub for next-gen storytelling Escape.ai’s launch comes amid a fierce industry debate about AI in film but recent controversies—from AI-assisted performances (The Brutalist Emilia Pérez) to AI-enhanced VFX (Dune: Part Two)—have fueled anxieties about what counts as “authentic” artistry Gaeta’s approach sidesteps the debate altogether “The modern creator isn’t limited to one format,” he says describing how today’s storytellers are blending film Escape AI is not competing with Hollywood—it’s building something new alongside it Gaeta and his team are already looking beyond the awards show Escape AI plans to expand monetization options for creators including recurring fan support (Patreon-style) Whether Hollywood embraces AI or resists it Escape.AI is staking its claim as the home for the next generation of filmmakers—one where AI isn’t a controversy Gaeta has been an influential member of the Kern Country track and field community for decades he was the head boys’ and girls’ coach at Wasco High School in Wasco Gaeta’s teams captured two South Sequoia League titles the Wasco girls’ track squad earned a Central Section Championship and produced a Central Section girls’ hurdle champion Gaeta also served as director of the annual Wasco Relays Track & Field Invitational he was named a Central Section Track and Field Honoree Coach Gaeta was the head boys’ and girls’ track and field coach at Frontier High School in Bakersfield His teams won three Southwest Yosemite League girls’ varsity league titles and two SWYL boys’ varsity league titles His teams also earned eight SWYL JV/F-S boys’ and girls’ league titles Gaeta coached Frontier to a boys’ California State Track & Field Championship Gaeta also served as director of the annual Frontier Frosh-Soph Relays Track & Field Invitational and the annual Titan Top 16 Frosh-Soph Track & Field Invitational Gaeta was named The Bakersfield Californian boys track & field Coach of the Year in 2010 and 2014 He coached three Central Section hurdle champions Gaeta also had one hurdler (boy or girl) named to The Bakersfield Californian All-Area Team since 2008 Gaeta also competed in the 120-yard high hurdles and the 400-meter hurdles for the Bakersfield College track and field team He was a two-time Metropolitan Conference champion in the 120-yard high hurdles in 1974 and 1975 and was elected to the Bakersfield College Track and Field Hall of Fame in 2010 Gaeta has taught world history at Frontier High since 2008 He has been a member of the Kern County Officials Association refereeing high school and college basketball Gaeta has been married to Catherine Merlo since 1991 where he was a 400m hurdler on the Bakersfield track and field team Thanks for visiting The site serves portions of New York and Pennsylvania Radio broadcast news award winner in NY & PA Send news releases to wjqzfounder@gmail.com 2024 at Olean General Hospital after a lengthy illness in Cuba a son of John “Jack” and June (Rose) Gaeta Dave was a graduate of Cuba Central School Class of 1984.  While in high school he played basketball and the trumpet in Marching Band.  After graduation he attended JCC where he earned an Associates Degree in Business Administration He was previously employed in various places in the Southern Tier.  In February of 2023 he started his dream job as the Athletic Coordinator for the ARC Allegany-Steuben Special Olympics.  His passion for each and every athlete shined through in all he did “What do you know?” he would instantly respond “Music and Sports.”  You could always find him chatting with someone about a game or band.  He was an absolute fan of the Toronto Blue Jays and Buffalo Bills.  When it came to music and The Beatles.  Dave’s passion for music was clearly evident by the multitude of bands he played with but was most known for Channel Six with his friends John Grey and Toby Lindberg.  Dave always supported local musicians and saw the good in everyone always supporting others dreams and passions He was a member of the Franklinville Fastpitch for over 44 years and during that time his team won numerous championships since 2010 and had 400 career wins.  He considered by his fastpitch team the “Gators” his family and he loved everyone on the team like brothers or sons.  Throughout the league he found it possible to support everyone regardless of the team they were on Dave had a generous heart and was great example of what a loving and caring person should be.  He always had smile and love and kindness for others.  He was proud to be from Cuba and had a tremendous love for the community.  talented daughter Mackenna (Fey) of Buffalo and his biggest dream was to see her happy!  He would often talk of their father-daughter dates and the special spot they held in his heart and greatest fan of his life Tina Smith of Cuba; Two brothers Paul (Vicky) Gaeta of Cuba and Mark Gaeta of  Scio; three sisters Christina (Jose Mazon) of Cuba Debra Gaeta of Cuba and Pamela (Thomas) Burch of Friendship; 9 Nieces and Nephews including Griffin Burch whom he adored dearly and considered his up-and-coming drummer boy; His life long best friend Jim Burdick of Cuba; Mother-in-law Joan Harman of Florida  and his fur babies Elijah Joe he was predeceased by a brother Andrew Gaeta and a sister-in-law Rose Gaeta Rinker Funeral Home & Memorial Service Memorials may be made to the Marie Lorenz Dialysis Center New York 14727 or to the Allegany-Steuben ARC Special Olympics Dave wishes to extend love and respect to the nurses and staff at the dialysis center who were his life line for seven years at his “Part-time job with full time benefits”.  Online condolences may be sent at www.rinkerfuneralhome.com.   was able to fulfill her lifelong dream of becoming a teacher by earning her Master of Arts in Teaching at Meredith College she hopes to return to Meredith as a professor to inspire a new generation of teachers Italy — A Navy ship in service for 53 years that has been a symbol of NATO strength for nearly two decades has a new commander Colin Price took over command of the amphibious command ship USS Mount Whitney from Capt Matthew Kiser during a change of command ceremony Friday in the Mediterranean Sea port city north of Naples where the ship is homeported A fighter pilot who most recently served as executive officer of the aircraft carrier USS Dwight D Price now is in charge of a vessel that the Navy potentially seeks to decommission next year saying that Mount Whitney is necessary to keep Russia in check and that the plan ignored lessons learned from the war in Ukraine Mount Whitney is the Navy’s fourth-oldest commissioned active ship and also the flagship of U.S It wasn’t clear Friday whether the decommissioning plans are still in place but shipboard officials noted the vessel’s upcoming full schedule “It is the multi-use capabilities of our naval vessels to wage war as well as deliver precious cargo and then bring lasting peace that makes the maritime environment so special,” Vice Adm commander of 6th Fleet and Naval Striking and Support Forces NATO Mount Whitney’s ability to allow him to simultaneously command U.S and NATO forces is an increasingly important advantage in the 6th Fleet theater the ship’s crew stood up a joint task on Mount Whitney after the Oct The ship spent seven weeks at sea in the Mediterranean as the U.S worked to keep the Israel-Hamas war from broadening The ship also participated in several NATO exercises and activities including BALTOPS 2023 and 2024 and Large Scale Exercise 23 “We’ve witnessed a theater that has more conflict and a more dynamic schedule than any other area in the world,” Kiser said Friday His next assignment is as commanding officer of the aircraft carrier USS John C the ship spent seven months in the Red Sea as its namesake carrier strike group battled Iran-backed Houthi militants at a pace unseen in decades Price also has served as executive officer and commanding officer of Strike Fighter Squadron 154 Price expects that the coming year will be busy with supporting exercises and other 6th Fleet needs The Mediterranean continues to be an important dynamic region with threats to NATO’s southern flank and conflict in the Middle East for whatever role we need to play to make sure that (Anderson) can command and control all the forces in this region,” Price said A trial date was confirmed today for a felon suspected of fatally shooting a woman outside a garage in Indio in 2016 pleaded not guilty to the murder charge and one felony count of being a convicted felon and narcotic addict in possession of a firearm and a sentence-enhancing allegation of discharging a firearm causing great bodily injury The defendant's trial is scheduled to begin Oct 2019 in Cathedral City on a fugitive warrant stemming from the Aug the prosecution brought in witnesses who alleged that Gaeta shot Maher several times outside the garage at a residence on Santa Rosa Avenue the daughter of the woman who owned the residence testified that she was in her room at the time of the shooting with her back against the window that faced the garage area where she said "Smokey," the defendant "At first I heard one (gunshot) and then that's what made me look out my window and I saw (Maher) running out of my garage and him reloading his gun and then shooting her another six more times in the stomach,'' Shaw said I couldn't really correlate in my mind what was going on and I couldn't really like focus or think.''    Monique Rivas and her husband Hector "Whiskey" Rivera testified that they didn't tell law enforcement about Gaeta's involvement in the shooting after it occurred because they were fearful Rivas said she believed Gaeta had someone follow her in a red truck for miles and hit her a few weeks after the incident Rivera alleged that Gaeta took him on a drive and told him that if anyone said anything or talked to anybody about anything then it would be "another body under his belt." you don't tell nobody else -- you keep it to yourself there's consequences behind it,'' Rivera said Gaeta's defense attorney Melanie Roe alleged that there was a rumor of Rivera being the shooter because and drove away in his truck shortly after the shots were fired Maher was found shot multiple times and responding officers performed CPR on her but she died at the scene a short time later "When arrested in the area of Date Palm Drive and Ramon Road in Cathedral City but was safely taken into custody,'' according to Indio police Maher's mother told KESQ shortly after his arrest but our family needs justice and the community needs justice."   Inmate records show that Gaeta was released from the Southwest Detention Center on Aug including a felony child abuse charge in March 2011 and a felony burglary charge in May 2000 News Channel 3 is committed to providing a forum for civil and constructive conversation Please keep your comments respectful and relevant. You can review our Community Guidelines by clicking here If you would like to share a story idea, please submit it here Terms of Service | Privacy Policy | Community Guidelines KESQ-TV FCC Public File | KPSP-TV FCC Public File | KDFX-TV FCC Public File | EEO Report | FCC Applications | Do Not Sell My Personal Information Julie Gaeta is a holistic health coach, yoga instructor, and writer. As the creator of becomingyouwithjulie.com, she shares inspiration on personal growth, plant-based recipes, and finding strength through life’s transitions. For more from Julie, find her on Instagram @becomingyouwithjulie. By entering your email and clicking Sign Up, you're agreeing to let us send you customized marketing messages about us and our advertising partners. You are also agreeing to our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy Much of Italy’s beachfront is in the hands of family-run concessions who operate exclusive clubs or charge big money for umbrellas and loungers But a new ruling is rallying activists on both sides “They are used to paying to go to the seaside the institutions will think we’re fine with it.” another 30 people are preparing to do the same They are all members of Mare Libero (Free Sea) the association that since 2019 has swarmed beaches with protesters in an effort to reclaim the space They want to make Italy’s beaches free to access or at least allocated to beach operators through a transparent bidding process The European Commission has long criticised Italy’s beach concession renewal system in which state-owned licences are automatically handed down through families of beach operators who use them to run members-only beach clubs or charge for sun loungers and umbrellas. This system of “keeping it in the family” is illegal, according to EU law which states longstanding beach concessionaires should compete with new operators Manuela Salvi the country’s top court ruled Italy’s automatic renewal of beach concessions invalid and a public tendering process for beach concessions which cover almost half of the country’s estimated 4,900 miles (7,900km) of coastline Those running the concessions are so incensed they plan to strike this week Italy’s coastline remains lined with long stretches of private beaches crowded with people tanning on loungers “I have spent almost every summer of my life in the same beach club and my mother has done the same for 25 years,” says Mare Libero’s Margherita Welyam Welyam’s biggest role as a protester is cultural “In regions where beaches are more privatised people believe this is the only way they can experience the beach “My mother used to pay about €3,000 to rent the same cabin Along the Italian coastline, there are more than 12,000 beach resorts, with daily prices for two loungers and an umbrella averaging €30-35 (£25-30) and reaching up to €700 in the more exclusive places such as Bagnoli in Naples and San Giovanni a Teduccio in Naples are often polluted and theoretically off-limits for swimming but are still used due to a lack of alternatives head of the association of concessionaires of Serapo says that as long as the government doesn’t stop him and fellow owners from running their businesses they will continue to open their beach clubs every morning “But I’m worried about the future,” he says On Friday, beach concessionaires will strike, opening up at 9.30am instead of 7.30am, to demand government action for legislative clarity. In a press release the Italian Beach Concessionaires’ Union said: “It should be clear to everyone that there is a real and concrete risk of losing jobs and businesses and that help from the government is needed now or it will be useless.” If no response is received the strike will be repeated on August 19 and August 29 When Mare Libero activists staged their own protest and planted their beach umbrellas there were no consequences for the protesters including the secretary of the libertarian party Italian Radicals were charged with participating in an unauthorised protest after one of their actions at Papeete Beach a renowned beach club on the Adriatic coast activists continue to target regular and luxury beach clubs the upmarket establishment where Daniela Santanché “Municipalities could use these funds to provide lifeguards and toilets on public beaches. Just a few kilometres away in France, this is already the norm. It can be here too,” he says. Multimodal ML can help predict the outcome of CSF biomarkers in early AD by utilizing non-invasive and economically feasible variables. The integration of computational models into medical practice offers a promising tool for the screening of patients at risk of AD, potentially guiding clinical decisions. Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Volume 16 - 2024 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2024.1369545 Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder Current core cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers making them impractical as screening tools Considering the role of sleep disturbances in AD recent research suggests quantitative sleep electroencephalography features as potential non-invasive biomarkers of AD pathology quantitative analysis of comprehensive polysomnography (PSG) signals remains relatively understudied PSG is a non-invasive test enabling qualitative and quantitative analysis of a wide range of parameters offering additional insights alongside other biomarkers Machine Learning (ML) gained interest for its ability to discern intricate patterns within complex datasets offering promise in AD neuropathology detection this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a multimodal ML approach in predicting core AD CSF biomarkers Methods: Mild-moderate AD patients were prospectively recruited for PSG followed by testing of CSF and blood samples for biomarkers PSG signals underwent preprocessing to extract non-linear time domain and frequency domain statistics quantitative features Multiple ML algorithms were trained using four subsets of input features: clinical variables (CLINVAR) quantitative PSG signal features (PSGVAR) and a combination of all subsets (ALL) Cross-validation techniques were employed to evaluate model performance and ensure generalizability Regression models were developed to determine the most effective variable combinations for explaining variance in the biomarkers Gradient Boosting Regressors achieved the best results in estimating biomarkers levels using different loss functions for each biomarker: least absolute deviation (LAD) for the Aβ42 least squares (LS) for p-tau and Huber for t-tau The ALL subset demonstrated the lowest training errors for all three biomarkers the SLEEPVAR subset yielded the best test performance in predicting Aβ42 while the ALL subset most accurately predicted p-tau and t-tau due to the lowest test errors Conclusions: Multimodal ML can help predict the outcome of CSF biomarkers in early AD by utilizing non-invasive and economically feasible variables The integration of computational models into medical practice offers a promising tool for the screening of patients at risk of AD identifying markers for sleep disturbances in early AD stages could pave the way for developing preventive strategies targeting neurodegeneration through sleep intervention these techniques may limit the feasibility of widespread screening highlighting the need for less invasive diagnostic methods thus potentially offering additional insights alongside other biomarkers it is becoming increasingly clear that relying on a single type of biomarker may not suffice for accurate diagnosis models that incorporate sleep-related variables to detect AD neuropathology at an early stage of the disease have not yet been fully explored we hypothesize that ML techniques could enable us to identify a specific array of diverse non-invasive variables—including those related to sleep—as potential indicators of AD neuropathology Our research is thus directed at developing a multimodal ML model to serve as an early diagnostic tool that can accurately and non-invasively predict levels of CSF AD core biomarkers This is critical for identifying AD-specific neuropathological changes and providing novel insights for a non-invasive clinical protocol to monitor AD-related neuropathology we will train various ML models incorporating different subsets of non-invasive variables quantitative PSG signal features and a range of clinical variables related to AD pathogenesis Figure 1 presents a flowchart outlining the study methodology and the ML analysis process for predicting CSF biomarkers Flowchart of the proposed methodology for biomarker prediction Our biomarkers are the concentration of Aβ42 and p-tau proteins present in the cerebrospinal fluid The main steps of the proposed methodology are signal processing and the prediction of biomarker levels using Machine Learning (ML) models CSF samples obtained via lumbar puncture and amounting to 8–10 mL were centrifuged at low speed (2,000 x g for 10 min at 4°C) to pellet any cellular elements They were then aliquoted in polypropylene tubes before being frozen and stored at −80°C The samples were then processed for biomarker analysis and Aβ42 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (Innotest® and the results were given in parts per million (pg/ml) IRBLleida Biobank (B.0000682) and Plataforma Biobancos PT17/0015/0027 facilitated the sample collection process The Aβ42 cut-off values were 600 pg/ml with values below this suggesting amyloid deposition The cut-off values for t-tau and p-tau were set at 425 and 65 pg/ml Values exceeding these cut-offs indicated the presence of neurofibrillary tangles The ApoE genotype was determined using a Maxwell® RCS blood DNA kit (Promega USA) and 20 μL of DNA from a 2 mL peripheral blood sample Participants were categorized as either homozygous or heterozygous carriers of the ApoE4 allele (noted as ApoE4+) The physicians' annotations included details on any artifacts observed during the recordings Measures of sleep quality were determined and included total sleep time (TST) sleep efficiency (SE)—calculated as the percentage of TST relative to the time spent in bed (TIB)—and arousal index (AI) defined as the total number of arousals per hour of sleep Apneas were identified using an oronasal thermal sensor and defined as a reduction in the airflow sensor signal by 90% when compared to the pre-event baseline value for more than 10 s Hypopneas were recognized as a decrease of at least 30% in airflow and associated with either arousal or a 3% decrease in oxygen saturation from the pre-event baseline The apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) was defined as the average number of apnea and hypopnea episodes per hour of TST The oxygen desaturation index (ODI) is the average number of instances per hour of sleep where oxygen saturation decreases by 3% or more An AHI exceeding 15 events per hour is indicative of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) The MATLAB® signal processing toolbox was used to preprocess and analyze signal data offline To standardize the format of the signals across different PSG channels and to mitigate the effects of the noise during the analysis phase The preprocessing phase was divided into three main steps: • Resampling: due to varying sample rates across the channels and subjects, signals were resampled for uniformity based on international guidelines (Bandyopadhyay and Goldstein, 2023), as is detailed in Table 1 each signal was decomposed into five new signals corresponding to the sleep phases: W Segments identified as “Wake” were discarded identified as the same sleep stage in their respective hypnogram These were then resampled at a standard rate of 128 Hz to diminish their size The resampled signals were further divided into uniform 10-s segments • Filtering: the channels were filtered with a fifth-order bandpass digital Butterworth filter (Butterworth, 1930). The cutoff frequencies for each channel were set in accordance with the AASM guidelines (Berry et al., 2015), as specified in Table 1 to ensure comparably meaningful spectral content across channels • Artifact removal: based on the annotations provided by expert physicians segments containing artifacts were identified and excluded from the signals Signal frequency ranges and filter settings: the original sample rate (fs0) and the filter frequencies for the Electrooculogram (EOG) Features were calculated as the mean across each sleep stage (N1 and REM) for the entire duration of the overnight recording For segments annotated as distinct sleep stages parameters were derived from the mean values within 2-min windows The estimates were obtained using Welch's averaged modified periodogram method with a Hamming window of 65,536 points for EOG Frequency domain statistics and spectral parameters computed for Electrooculogram (EOG) and the Airflow and Oxygen saturation (SpO2) channels of the polysomnography Statistical analyzes were conducted using R statistical software Descriptive statistics were calculated for both normally and non-normally distributed quantitative data with the former presented as mean and standard deviation (SD) and the latter as median with interquartile range (IQR) we reported absolute and relative frequencies we computed Pearson's correlation coefficient to assess the relationship with the target biomarker a one-way ANOVA test was employed to determine if there were significant differences between the means of two or more groups a feature selection process was undertaken This step aimed to reduce the dataset dimensionality with minimal loss of significant information We performed feature selection on the training partition of the dataset organizing the variables into four subsets as follows: • SLEEPVAR: conventional PSG parameters • PSGVAR: quantitative measure derived from PSG signals • ALL: a combination of all the above subsets any feature that was missing in more than 50% of the samples was excluded An initial feature selection was conducted by retaining only those features that exhibited a correlation coefficient with the target biomarker about 0.1 for CLINVAR and SLEEPVAR and above 0.3 for PSGVAR The ALL subset was then refined to include only features meeting these criteria we calculated the correlation coefficient for each pair of features opting to retain only one variable from pairs where the correlation exceeded 0.9 Further dimensionality reduction was accomplished through principal component analysis (PCA) we chose to retain enough components to explain 90% of the variance and ALL based on the selected principal components we identified the features that most effectively explained the variance (PCA-selected features we assessed whether the variance chosen through the initial feature selection exhibited a statistically significant linear relationship with the target biomarkers using Pearson's correlation and ANOVA tests as previously described the data were divided into training and testing subsets with 25% of the data allocated to the test partition all subsets were standardized using the mean and standard deviation derived from the training data ML analyzes were performed using the scikit-learn Machine Learning library in Python (Pedregosa et al., 2011) We trained several classical ML models using the four subsets of variables that best explained the variance of the dataset A Regression model based on the k-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm was trained where the target prediction is based on local interpolation from the nearest neighbors in the training set we trained two Gaussian Process (GPs) models employing a radial basis function (RBF) kernel and a Matern 3/2 kernel These GP models were optimized 20 times using the GPy framework in Python with the optimal solution selected from these iterations For ensemble learners utilizing bagging techniques we fitted three Gradient Boosting Regressors (GBRs) with distinct loss functions: least squares (LS) In terms of models with strong regularization policies we fitted a linear regression with L2-norm regularization and another with L1-norm regularization (Lasso) we trained four Support Vector Regressions (SVRs) using different kernels: linear (LIN) A total of 61 subjects were recruited for this study three subjects that did not possess PSG recordings and 9 whose biomarker measures were missing were excluded from the analysis The population was equally distributed by gender (females were 50.8%) and the median age of the study population was 75.0 [72.0; 78.0] years The Body Mass Index (BMI) median was 28.0 [24.4; 31.1] The most frequently associated comorbidities were hypertension (63.9%) the median MMSE score was 23.0 [21.0; 25.0] Only a few patients reported symptoms indicative of poor sleep quality The cohort was free from significant subjective daytime sleepiness as indicated by a median score of 5.0 [3.0–8.0] on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale Histogram (purple) and density plots (dark blue) of the three biomarkers considered for the prediction on our dataset: (left) Aβ42; (center) p-tau; and (right) t-tau Descriptive characteristics of the study population Pearson's correlation and the p-value between CSF Aβ42 biomarker and the quantitative variables that were considered relevant by the PCA algorithm Pearson's correlation and the p-value between CSF p-tau biomarker and the quantitative variables that were considered relevant by the PCA algorithm Pearson's correlation and the p-value between CSF t-tau biomarker and the quantitative variables that were considered relevant by the PCA algorithm ANOVA p-value categorical features that were considered relevant by the PCA algorithm for predicting Aβ42 biomarker ANOVA p-value categorical features that were considered relevant by the PCA algorithm for predicting p-tau biomarkers ANOVA p-value categorical features that were considered relevant by the PCA algorithm for predicting t-tau biomarkers Aβ42: For the Aβ42 biomarker poorer sleep quality (rho = -0.3853; p = 0.0062) and shorter sleep duration on holidays (rho = -0.3981; p = 0.0046) within the CLINVAR subset were linked to lower Aβ42 levels increased Aβ42 levels were found in individuals with sleep disturbances due to heartburn (p = 0.0296) and those carrying the ApoE genotype (p = 0.0123) In terms of polysomnography variables (PSGVAR) certain EEG characteristics during different sleep stages and while awake were positively correlated with Aβ42 levels such as the skewness in the EEG O1-A2 channel during the N1 (EEGO1_A2_sk_N1) and N2 (EEGO1_A2_sk_N2) sleep stages (rho = 0.3534 the only sleep variable (SLEEPVAR) that correlated positively with Aβ42 was the percentage of time spent with oxygen saturation below 90% during sleep (rho = 0.3129 increases were associated with specific EEG patterns during certain sleep stages and a negative correlation was found with the maximum chin electromyography (EMG) value during the N1 sleep stage (rho = –0.3147 In the clinical variables subset (CLINVAR) and level of education (p = 0.0136) were significantly associated with p-tau levels significant correlations were identified with features derived from the thoracic effort channel such as the Lempel Ziv during N2 sleep stages (rho = 0.4216 p = 0.0025) and the Sample Entropy during N2 (rho = 0.3927 no significant relationships were observed with the general sleep variables while the frequency of snoring was positively correlated with t-tau in the CLINVAR subset (p = 0.0149) Table 10 presents the mean absolute error (MAE) of each model family utilized in estimating the levels of CSF biomarkers. Figures 3–5 provide more comprehensive information Mean and standard deviation of the mean average error (MAE) of Machine Learning (ML) models for the prediction of Aβ42 biomarkers grouped by the family of models (EM regression based on k-nearest neighbors; SVR Mean average error (MAE) of Machine Learning (ML) models for the prediction of Aβ42 The results are shown for three different subsets All of the models were optimized and evaluated using the PCA transformed subsets except a Bagging Regressor that was trained using only the features considered by the PCA algorithm as relevant The models evaluated were: a Bagging Regressor (BR) a Gradient Boosting Regressor with a least absolute deviation loss (GBR_lad) a least squares loss (GBR_ls) and a Huber loss (GBR_hb) a Gaussian Process with a radial basis function kernel (GP_rbf) and a Matern 3/2 kernel (GP_m32) Support Vector Regression with a linear (SVR_lin) Gradient Boosting Regressors (GBRs) consistently outperformed other models the GBR employing the least absolute deviation loss (GBR_lad) trained with the SLEEPVAR subset had the lowest training and test MAE (Train MEA: 47.54 Mean average error (MAE) of Machine Learning (ML) models for the prediction of p-tau All the models were optimized and evaluated using the PCA transformed subsets Mean average error (MAE) of Machine Learning (ML) models for the prediction of t-tau The models that yielded the most accurate estimations for the levels of the three biomarkers were the GBRs specifically employing a least absolute deviation (LAD) loss for Aβ42 in addressing the scarcity of training data employed regularization techniques to construct simpler models minimal training errors were observed when utilizing the comprehensive ALL subset the lowest MAE was recorded with the SLEEPVAR subset the subset comprising only the standard PSG parameters we trained various ML models to evaluate which combination of selected subsets of non-invasive variables could accurately predict CSF Aβ42 and t-tau biomarker levels in a cohort of patients with mild-moderate AD(AD) The subsets included clinical variables (CLINVAR) previously established as relevant to AD pathogenesis quantitative PSG features (PSGVAR) derived from advanced signal analysis and a combination of all these variables (ALL) Variable selection was performed using a range of statistical approaches with an emphasis on those with the highest discriminating power we investigated the correlations between the selected relevant variables and the CSF biomarkers to determine the nature of their relationships The Gradient Boosting Regressors (GBRs) emerged as the most effective models in estimating the levels of the three biomarkers the lowest training errors for all three biomarkers were observed when employing the ALL subset although the test evaluations showed differing results the lowest mean average error (MAE) was achieved using the subset consisting solely of conventional PSG parameters which was thereby identified as the best predictor of the CSF Aβ42 levels it was found that the combination of clinical variables and quantitative PSG features most effectively predicted CSF p-tau and t-tau levels not all the selected variables demonstrated linear relationships with the biomarkers in question the most significant variables for predicting CSF Aβ42 levels were standard PSG parameters (SLEEPVAR) these findings need to be corroborated with alternative analytical approaches and through longitudinal follow-up of our cohort Similarly, the predictive role of the AI for CSF Aβ42 that we identified—despite the association not being linear—underscores the importance of detailed and personalized sleep analysis in early AD. Corroborating our findings, studies have demonstrated that arousals differ in their oscillatory composition and have various associations with early AD-related amyloid neuropathology and cognitive function (Chylinski et al., 2021) Future studies are essential to explore these observations further and to determine if there are causal relationships The most effective combination of feature groups for predicting CSF p-tau levels overall included quantitative PSG features Regarding the role of quantitative PSG signal features (PSGVAR) our findings underscored the significance of the skewness of the EEG signal from the O1-A2 channel during the N1 and N2 sleep stages We noted a significant positive linear correlation with p-tau levels potentially resulting in more pronounced alterations in EEG signals from these regions This could render the signal more unpredictable and with distinct spatial patterns given the positive correlation between the two variables Among the conventional PSG variables (SLEEPVAR), we find it noteworthy to highlight that our models selected minimum SaO2 as one of the parameters predictive of CSF p-tau levels, suggesting that more severe hypoxemia may lead to an increase in CSF p-tau levels, given the positive relationship. This finding aligns with previous results indicating that hypoxia triggers tau hyperphosphorylation and memory deficits in rats (Zhang et al., 2014) these relationships did not follow a linear pattern As observed for the prediction of CSF p-tau the ALL subset also emerged as the best subset of variables for CSF t-tau levels Interestingly, regarding the PSGVAR subset, we found that the Lempel-Ziv and Sample Entropy—both of which are measures of signal complexity (Grassberger and Procaccia, 1983)—are pertinent to predict t-tau levels Our results indicated that the complexity of the thoracic effort signals increases with the levels of t-tau during NREM sleep This discrepancy underscores the need for future research that includes larger populations to compare OSA patients with non-OSA individuals the negative relationship between insulin serum levels and CSF t-tau we observed remains to be more extensively investigated Relevant studies on biomarkers and Machine Learning (ML) models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) Furthermore, Gaubert et al. (2021) evaluated the efficacy of an ML approach in achieving early AD diagnosis based on Aβ-PET and MRI measurement introducing a multimodal non-invasive biomarker strategy qEEG was the strongest predictor of neurodegeneration ApoEϵ4 and MRI hippocampal volumetry most strongly predicted amyloid (80% NPV Remarkably, innovative research utilizing Support Vector Machine classifiers and Gate Recurrent Unit network techniques has demonstrated the potential of sleep EEG data, including slow waves and spindles, to distinguish MCI from HC with high accuracy (Geng et al., 2022) The MCI classification accuracy of the GRU network based on features extracted from sleep EEG was the highest at 93.46% Their experimental findings demonstrate that sleep EEG can give more helpful information for identifying MCI and HC Additionally, pioneering work has proposed a novel diagnostic approach for MCI in AD, combining sleep-related movements with advanced signal processing and ML techniques (Khosroazad et al., 2023) which explores the relationship between high-frequency movements and respiratory changes during sleep highlights the potential of advanced quantitative sleep signal feature analyzes in a multimodal ML setting for early detection of AD neuropathology The approach employs Neural Networks and Kernel algorithms resulting in high sensitivity (86.75% for NN and 65% for Kernel) and accuracy (88 and 82.5%) for early detection of MCI in AD the extensive exploration of advanced quantitative sleep signal features to no invasively detect the AD neuropathology within a multimodal ML framework remains a promising area for future research our study for the first time integrated clinical variables and quantitative PSG signal features for the non-invasive prediction of core CSF biomarkers of AD using various ML models This study is novel in that it applies computational engineering to extract a wide range of quantitative signal features from thoroughly preprocessed PSG signals identifying potential biomarkers for the early detection of AD no research has delineated the relationship between these specific quantitative PSG features and AD-related CSF biomarkers of neurodegeneration suggesting that sleep qEEG could demonstrate a topographic specificity in their associations Our approach involved working with spectral and non-linear parameters directly extracted from electrophysiological signals indicating that PSG recordings may contain additional crucial information for the diagnosis of AD A significant aspect of this research is the rigorous cross-validation ML methodology employed We trained multiple ML models to determine which could deliver the best performance for our outcomes The models most effective at addressing the overfitting issue were Gradient Boosting Regressors utilizing a least absolute deviation loss function for Aβ42 a least squares loss for p-tau and a Huber loss for t-tau The other optimized ML models generally handled the scarcity of training data by using regularization to construct simpler models that accept higher training errors we recommend a cautious interpretation of our results although we believe they contribute valuable insights The models that excelled in predicting the levels of the three biomarkers were the Gradient Boosting Regressors which utilized a LAD loss for Aβ42 These are among the most common loss functions for regression challenges The distinctions between them are as follows: LAD loss is less sensitive to outliers but backs a closed-form solution due to its non-continuous derivatives; 2. LS loss, on the other hand, penalizes large deviations more severely, making it less robust to outliers, yet it tends to yield more stable solutions (Natekin and Knoll, 2013); 3. The Huber loss integrates aspects of both LAD and LS losses (Natekin and Knoll, 2013) For instance, in predicting Aβ42 levels, outliers could be disregarded with relative safety. In contrast, outliers played a more critical role in optimizing the models for the tau-related biomarkers. Examining Figure 1 reveals that p-tau and t-tau have similar density distributions boosting techniques are generally recognized for their low bias which is the discrepancy between the average prediction of the model and the actual value a high-bias model tends to be overly simplistic and does not fit the training data well leading to significant errors in both the training and the test datasets it is essential to consider that a low-bias model often has high variance increasing the risk of overfitting the training data despite the Gradient Boosting Regressors achieving some of the lowest training errors their MAEs on the test set were still considerable even with cross-validation to fine-tune the models for an optimal balance in the bias-variance trade-off the models may still not generalize well beyond the training data In terms of ensemble models employing bagging techniques they typically displayed test errors comparable to those of boosting methods but with increased training errors and Extra Trees Regressor (ETR) function by aggregating the decisions for T individual decision trees each trained on a bootstrapped subset of the data The final prediction is the majority vote across these T trees This approach reduces the variance associated with single decision trees resulting in a model that is less prone to overfitting and demonstrates improved generalization provide insight into the importance of features during training the application of PCA for dimensionality reduction obscures the interpretability of model decisions Other models generally address overfitting by deliberately allowing higher training errors thereby enhancing their generalization capabilities to new data at the expense of complexity exhibited higher training errors than test errors This could indicate that the selected kernel was insufficient in capturing the complexity of the data potentially necessitating a more sophisticated kernel for optimization Although GPs can assess feature importance through kernel length scales this interpretability is lost when PCA is applied Support Vector Regressors (SVRs) struck a better balance between training and test errors often with training errors marginally exceeding those of other models The K-Nearest Neighbors Regressors (KNR) also managed the bias-variance trade-off effectively sometimes with a training error even surpassing the test error Regarding the analysis of the three biomarkers the lowest training errors were associated with the “ALL” subset (incorporating clinical This could be attributed to the retention of a greater number of principal components for the “ALL” subset compared to others the principal components of the “ALL” subset represent linear combinations of a broader range of features thus encapsulating more detailed information about each sample the “SLEEPVAR” subset—comprising solely sleep parameters evaluated by experts-yielded the lowest MAE during testing it is important to note that none of the models achieved optimal performance To ensure the robustness of our findings across various populations we advocate for subsequent validation studies to be conducted with independent cohorts of cognitively normal subjects enhancing the predictive accuracy of our models through incorporating data from multiple preclinical cohorts and applying longitudinal multimodal measures within a nested cross-validation framework represents a promising avenue for future research An intriguing prospect for further investigation is the integration of neuropsychological assessments and MRI data as well as blood biomarkers into our analytical framework This approach would allow for a thorough longitudinal evaluation of the clinical progression toward prodromal AD leading to a deeper comprehension of neurodegenerative mechanisms it would improve the predictive accuracy of our models and provide less invasive methods for early AD detection a critical next step would be to identify the most predictive set of features for neurodegeneration Advanced artificial intelligence techniques could then be employed to determine the ability of these features to differentiate between AD the exploration of automated analysis of PSG recordings through neural network integration into our model offers a promising direction Such automation could potentially eliminate the need for manual annotation by enabling the automatic detection of artifacts and sleep stages This study highlights the potential of ML to assess asymptomatic individuals at risk for AD through the analysis of non-invasive and cost-effective biomarkers underscoring the ability of ML to uncover complex non-linear relationships within intricate datasets that may elude traditional statistical methods This could offer supplementary insights alongside other biomarkers hinting at AD pathology in asymptomatic individuals or functioning as an additional diagnostic tool for those ineligibles for CSF biomarkers determination Ours results also suggest that relying solely on a single type of biomarker may not suffice for a reliable AD early detection we emphasize the importance of specific quantitative PSG signal features such as EEG skewness Lempel Ziv and Sample Entropy of thoracic effort signals as reliable markers for predicting neurodegeneration The utilization of portable PSG devices may establish a groundwork for their utilization in clinical environments The demonstration of the viability of these innovative approaches underlines their potential contribution to the early diagnosis of AD particularly through the prediction of core CSF biomarkers and the exploration of their relationships with sleep patterns The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary material further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author The studies involving humans were approved by the study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the Ethics Committee of Hospital Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida (CE-1218) The studies were conducted in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements The participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study Writing – review & editing The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research This work was partially funded by Ministerio de Ciencia co-financed by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) “A way of making Europe” and Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Institute of Health Carlos III (grant number P114/00328); by Generalitat of Catalonia Department of Health (PERIS 2019 SLT008/18/00050) and Fundació La Marató TV3 (464/C/2014) to GP-R Co-financed by FEDER funds from the European Union (“A way to build Europe”) IRBLleida is a CERCA Programme/Generalitat of Catalonia We would like to thank the patients and personnel of the Hospital Universitari Santa Maria's Sleep and Dementia Unit as well as the IRBLleida Biobank and Plataforma Biobancos The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2024.1369545/full#supplementary-material Analysis of EEG background activity in Alzheimer's disease patients with Lempel–Ziv complexity and central tendency measure A conformation variant of p53 combined with machine learning identifies Alzheimer disease in preclinical and prodromal stages Tau pathology of Alzheimer disease: possible role of sleep deprivation On the path to 2025: understanding 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Best Version Media, LLC. who shares the story of her journey from Sweden to Norway to her newly earned U.S Caroline discusses how her father first put a golf club in her hands leading to an All-American college career at Florida State and professional experience in the U.S including her inspiring comeback from illness and injury to earn her LPGA card Caroline details her transition into coaching and her arrival at Mizzou Producer Steve later quizzes Dave and Loretta from.. 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Advertise on Cineuropa Logos and Banners PRODUCTION / FUNDING Italy / Poland by Davide Abbatescianni stars Valeria Solarino as an archaeologist uncovering secrets from the past a process that culminates in a series of brutal murders a thriller titled Fanum – Shadows of the Past will premiere on Sunday 20 October in Rome the young director completed a foundation year in Filmmaking and Art & Design at City of Oxford College then obtained a BA in Film and Television at the University of the Arts London she worked as an assistant director on international productions and directed several shorts The plot of Fanum – Shadows from the Past follows Marianne Byron (portrayed by Valeria Solarino) who is on the trail of an epoch-making and revolutionary discovery about the ancient Etruscan civilisation the secrets of the past surface in the present culminating in a series of brutal murders that seek to desecrate Etruscan culture by emulating their sacrifices Juggling new discoveries and buried secrets Marianne must dig not only into the ancient ruins trying to understand who and what lies behind the murders How far is Marianne willing to go to uncover it The script was penned by Cristiano Gazzarrini The cast is rounded off by Valeria Bilello The technical crew includes DoP Matteo Bangrazi and editors Matteo Bugliarello and Artemide Alfieri The premiere will take place at the Acquario Romano. The screening is organised by Play Entertainment and Italian film magazine Fabrique du Cinéma in collaboration with the Rome Film Fest the producers and some of the key cast members will be in attendance Please subscribe to our newsletter to receive more stories like this directly in your inbox 02/05/2025Production / Funding – Italy Shooting begins on Walter Fasano’s Nino, a portrait of scoring maestro Nino Rota 02/05/2025Production / Funding – Belgium Wallimage is backing Michaël R Roskam's Le Faux Soir 30/04/2025Production / Funding – Italy The final clapperboard slams on Il falsario, starring Pietro Castellitto 30/04/2025Production / Funding – UK/France/Germany Sally Potter’s Alma to star Pamela Anderson and Dakota Fanning 29/04/2025Production / Funding – Spain Claudia Pinto finishes filming Morir no siempre sale bien 29/04/2025Production / Funding – Latvia The National Film Centre of Latvia unveils the recipients of its latest round of funding Subscribe to our newsletter to receive the most important daily or weekly news on European cinema Cannes 2025 Marché du Film AFCI runs its second annual Global Film Commission Network Summit at Marché du Film Festivals / Awards Czech Republic Czech Republic’s Anifilm goes sci-fi Distribution / Releases / Exhibitors Europe European Arthouse Cinema Day set to return on 23 November Cannes 2025 Marché du Film Indie Sales presents a three-star line-up at Cannes HOFF 2025 The Shadow and U Are the Universe win at Estonia’s Haapsalu Horror and Fantasy Film Festival Crossing Europe 2025 Awards The New Year That Never Came and The Flats crowned at Crossing Europe Cannes 2025 Marché du Film Be For Films to sell Love Me Tender in Cannes Cannes 2025/Sponsored Latvia set to shine bright at Cannes, led by Sergei Loznitsa’s competition entry Two Prosecutors Las Palmas 2025 MECAS/Awards Manuel Muñoz Rivas and Joana Carro win awards at the eighth MECAS Cannes 2025 Marché du Film Playtime to present some high-impact and entrancing trump cards at Cannes Production / Funding Italy goEast 2025 Review: My Magical World Market TrendsFOCUSA busy spring festival season awaits the European film industry. Cineuropa will continue to keep its readers up to date with the latest news and market insights, covering the buzziest events, including Cannes, Kraków, Karlovy Vary, Tribeca, Hot Docs, Annecy, Brussels, Munich and many others Distribution, Exhibition and Streaming – 02/05/2025Slovak crime-thriller Černák becomes the highest-grossing film in domestic cinemasThe second film in the saga about a local mafia boss, directed by Jakub Króner, outgrossed its first part, which dominated Slovak cinemas last year Animation – 30/04/2025Mirko Goran Marijanac • Media sales executive, DeAPlaneta EntertainmentDuring our chat, the exec shared key insights from this year’s Cartoon Next and touched on the current climate for the animation sector Jaśmina Wójcik • Director of King Matt the First The Polish director discusses her approach to taking on a 1920s children’s literary classic in an unexpected way Želimir Žilnik • Director of Eighty Plus The Serbian director discusses his deep suspicion of ideologies in relation to his irresistibly charming latest feature, which follows a man whose life spans three political systems Paulina Jaroszewicz • Distribution and marketing manager, New Horizons Association Cineuropa sat down with the Polish distributor to discuss her company’s strategy as well as the connection between its distribution line-up and BNP Paribas New Horizons Festival’s programme Lorcan Finnegan • Director of The Surfer The Irish filmmaker discusses his mystery-thriller, how he created the character with Nicolas Cage and his approach to the use of colours in the film Privacy Policy The images used on this website have been provided by journalists and are believed to be free of rights if you are the owner of an image used on this website and believe that its use infringes on your copyright We will remove the image in question as soon as possible We have made reasonable efforts to ensure that all images used on this website are used legally and in accordance with copyright laws About us | Contact us | Logos and Banners Mission | Partners | Team | Donations | Terms and conditions Volume 8 - 2014 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00987 The limbic system is part of an intricate network which is involved in several functions like memory and emotion Traditionally the role of the cerebellum was considered mainly associated to motion control; however several evidences are raising about a role of the cerebellum in learning skills mnemonic and behavioral processes involving also connections with limbic system In 15 normal subjects we studied limbic connections by probabilistic Constrained Spherical Deconvolution (CSD) tractography The main result of our work was to prove for the first time in human brain the existence of a direct cerebello-limbic pathway which was previously hypothesized but never demonstrated We also extended our analysis to the other limbic connections including cingulate fasciculus Although these pathways have been already described in the tractographic literature we provided reconstruction quantitative analysis and Fractional Anisotropy (FA) right-left symmetry comparison using probabilistic CSD tractography that is known to provide a potential improvement compared to previously used Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) techniques The demonstration of the existence of cerebello-limbic pathway could constitute an important step in the knowledge of the anatomic substrate of non-motor cerebellar functions Finally the CSD statistical data about limbic connections in healthy subjects could be potentially useful in the diagnosis of pathological disorders damaging this system Fifteen healthy subjects with no history of neurological diseases (8 males 7 females; age range 25–32 years; mean age 29) were recruited Each subject wrote informed consent and the entire study was approved by Ethical Committee of “I.R.C.C.S.—Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—Centro Studi Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo which confirmed that all examinations are in conformity with relevant regulatory standard The study was performed with a 3T Achieva Philips scanner (Philips healthcare Netherlands); using a Quasar Dual gradient system (mode 1: 40 mT/m and 200 mT/m/ms; mode 2: 80 mT/m and 100 mT/m/ms) For anatomical comparison and segmentation we used the following MRI sequences: T1-weighted 3D high-resolution Fast Field Echo (FFE) sequence with: TR 25 ms; TE 4.6 ms; flip angle 30°; FOV 240 × 240 mm2; reconstruction matrix 256 × 256; voxel size 1 × 1 × 1 mm; slice thickness 1 mm T2 weighted 3D high resolution Turbo Spin Echo (TSE) with: TR 2500 ms; TE 380 ms; FOV 250 × 250 mm2; reconstruction matrix 312 × 312; voxel size 0.8 × 0.8 × 0.8 mm; slice thickness 0.8 mm The use of 3D TSE sequence permitted to obtain high-resolution images with a relative short acquisition time     For tractography we used: 3. Diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI with a dual phase encoded pulsed gradient spin echo sequence; 60 gradient diffusion directions were used in order to improve correction of susceptibility and Eddy’s currents distortion (Embleton et al., 2010) following the rules stated by an electrostatic repulsion model (Jones et al., 1999) We used probabilistic CSD, that is a modified High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI) technique. Constrained Spherical Deconvolution estimates, directly from the DW signal, the fiber Orientation Distribution Function (fODF) by means of positive spherical deconvolution (Tournier et al., 2007) We set to 8 the degree of spherical harmonics to achieve robustness to noise obtained by deconvolution of a single fiber DW signal response it was possible to find the components with specific orientation The use of CSD-based method to extract local fiber orientations allows to overcome several limitations of other commonly used tractographic techniques, such as DTI (Tournier et al., 2007; Jones and Cercignani, 2010) but the latter increases difficulty to correct eddy currents and motion artifacts thus we chose a lower b-value in order to obtain better correction according to an anatomical model-based approach we selected regions of avoidance (ROAs) that filter out tracts The combined use of ROIs and ROAs allowed us to obtain more reliable selection of tracts of interest All MRI data were spatially normalized to Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) stereotactic space using the SPM8 segmentation toolbox1 Segmentation was manually performed by one expert rater using Analyze 11.0 (AnalyzeDirect the individual volumes obtained from the T1 and T2 sequences were opened into the viewer; second the contrast values were set to maximally increased visibility of each brain structure; third the axial view was magnified to make easier the individuation of the cerebellar mask The fastigial nucleus was segmented by using MNI coordinates and following data provided by other authors (Dimitrova et al., 2002; Park et al., 2014) In addition, anterior thalamic nuclei, amygdala and hippocampus were also segmented. The hippocampal subregions (CA1, Fimbria, Subiculum and Presubiculum) were detected following the study of Frisoni et al. (2008) Quantitative analysis was performed with Explore DTI (Leemans et al., 2009); we considered tracts number, tracts volume, tracts length mean, Fractional Anisotropy (FA) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficent (ADC). The study of the FA right-left variability was possible after the CSD data transfer to diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) Studio2 following the instruction provided by the documentation In order to assess intra- and inter-subjects variability of tracts number (number of streamlines = N.), we calculated a lateralization index (Parker et al., 2005; Lebel and Beaulieu, 2009) according to the following formula: (N In addition we also assessed FA right-left variability Statistical significance of the inter-subjects and intra-subjects variability was determined using a 2-tailed t-test; P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant In 15 out of 15 subjects we segmented the hippocampus (Figure 1) and bilaterally traced fiber bundles passing through the superior cerebellar peduncles, linking the hippocampus and the cerebellum: a direct cerebello-limbic pathway (Figure 2). Mean quantitative analysis of this pathway is shown in Table 1 No statistically significant differences were found comparing intra- and inter-subjects right and left variability for tracts number sagittal (B) and coronal (C) MRI views of hippocampus (H) and amygdala (A) segmentation Tridimensional sagittal view of a right cerebello-limbic direct pathway Mean quantitative analysis of the direct cerebello-limbic pathway for each subject Anatomical course of the cerebello-limbic direct pathway The coronal images show the course of a right cerebello-limbic pathway proceeding through the superior cerebellar peduncle (B) reaching the temporal lobe (C) and the hippocampus (D) The hippocampus was widely interested by this white matter fiber pathway. After the detection of hippocampal subregions (Figure 4), we found the involvement of CA1, fimbria, subiculum and presubiculum. In the cerebellum we found that the fibers predominantly reached the vermis, lobules VIII, IX, X, Crus I, Crus II (Figure 5A) and fastigial nucleus (Figure 5B) Anterior (A) and posterior (B) views of a segmented hippocampus with manually colored subregions: CA1 (red) subiculum and presubiculum (blue) and fimbria (yellow) Tridimensional multiplanar view of a direct cerebello-limbic pathway An oblique sagittal view depicts that the large part of the fibers connects the vermis (green arrow) IX and X (white arrow) with the hippocampus (white arrowhead) (A) In a right targeted parasagittal view the isolated connection between hippocampus (white arrowhead) and fastigial nucleus (red arrowhead) can be seen (B) We did not find streamlines between amygdala and the cerebellum Furthermore, we isolated the following white matter limbic pathways: cingulate fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, fornix (Figure 6) and anterior thalamic pathway, which is made by four main fiber bundles orientated toward: prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, mammillary bodies, parietal cortex, temporal cortex, occipital cortex and hippocampus (Figure 7) Each pathway was colored manually after morphological isolation in order to show them separately: cingulate fasciculus (blue) fornix (red) and inferior longitudinal fasciculus (green) (B) Tractographic reconstruction of right anterior thalamic pathway after the placement of a ROI corresponding to right anterior thalamic nuclei (yellow ROI) This pathway (A) is composed by seven white matter bundles which are connected respectively to: cingulate gyrus and prefrontal cortices (green arrow) frontal and secondary motor cortices (orange arrow) mammillary bodies (red arrow) and hippocampus (red ROI) The posterior view (B) shows better temporal projections (white arrows) We assessed intra- and inter-subjects right-left variability also for these pathways looking at the following data: tracts number, tracts length mean, tracts volume, FA and ADC values. Table 2 shows the mean quantitative analysis of all volunteers No differences were found between subjects (inter-subjects variability p > 0.05) for all parameters Mean quantitative analysis for all subjects of main pathways of the limbic network On the other hand, analyzing the FA of each previously described pathway, we detected a significant intra-subjects variability only for the following tracts: fornices, uncinate fasciculi and anterior thalamic pathways with right predominance (Figure 8) Fractional Anisotropy (FA) right-left intra-subject variability analysis of each limbic pathway Statistical significance is indicated by asterisks (p < 0.05) suggesting that the existence of cerebello-limbic connections may allow the emotional processing modulation despite the fact that it was never demonstrated In our study we detected and analyzed for the first time in human brain a direct cerebello-limbic pathway with probabilistic CSD This pathway consists of a white matter bundle connecting the hippocampus and the cerebellum passing through the superior cerebellar peduncle Main cerebellar areas reached by this pathway are vermis Quantitative comparison showed that there are no statistically significant differences in shape and size of this white matter bundle between each subject analyzed The comparative analysis of right and left bundles showed no significant differences with good right-left symmetry for each subject it might be possible that specific motor skills of the amygdala do not necessarily require a direct connection with the cerebellum For the present study we studied main pathways of the limbic system (cingulate fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, uncinated fasciculus, anterior thalamic connections and fornix) using probabilistic CSD technique, in order to overcome intrinsic limitation of DTI and to obtain more accurate data. Indeed, recently Kristo et al. (2013) showed that CSD tractography is more reliable than traditional DTI in the white matter tracts reconstruction and analysis Although other studies described the white matter connections of the limbic system (Mega et al., 1997; Catani et al., 2013) to our knowledge no previous reconstruction and statistical analysis of these fiber bundles using probabilistic CSD in human were reported in the literature probabilistic CSD is probably the most reliable practical option for clinical use Unfortunately, according to Takao et al. (2013) data about FA asymmetry “are somewhat inconsistent” therefore further studies involving larger number of subjects comparing different technical approaches should be carried out to clarify the issue the demonstration of a direct cerebello-limbic pathway in human brain the morphological and statistical analysis by probabilistic CSD of major white matter pathways involved into limbic network Both these findings might be potentially useful to explore pathological conditions damaging this system further studies need to be performed in order to clarify the physiological role of this new direct connection and its involvement in pathological conditions Alessandro Arrigo: study concepts/study design data interpretation; Enricomaria Mormina: study concepts/study design data interpretation; Giuseppe Pio Anastasi: Guarantor of integrity of entire study approval of final version of submitted manuscript; Michele Gaeta: study concepts/study design data interpretation; Alessandro Calamuneri: statistical analysis manuscript revision; Angelo Quartarone: Guarantor of integrity of entire study approval of final version of submitted manuscript; Simona De Salvo: data acquisition; Daniele Bruschetta: literature research manuscript revision; Giuseppina Rizzo: literature research manuscript revision; Fabio Trimarchi: literature research manuscript revision; Demetrio Milardi: study concepts/study design Understanding anterograde amnesia: disconnections and hidden lesions amnesia and the hippocampal-anterior thalamic axis The effects of selective lesions within the anterior thalamic nuclei on spatial memory in the rat Optimal imaging parameters for fiber-orientation estimation in diffusion MRI Morphological asymmetry in anterior limb of human internal capsule revealed by confocal laser and polarized light microscopy Functional topography of primary emotion processing in the human cerebellum Neurological Anatomy in Relation to Clinical Medicine The organization of the human cerebellum estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity Emotion and motivation: the role of the amygdala Principles and limitations of computational algorithms in clinical diffusion tensor MR tractography Diffusion tensor tractography of the limbic system Deterministic and probabilistic tractography based on complex fibre orientation distributions Distortion correction for diffusion-weighted MRI tractography and fMRI in the temporal lobes Limbic and callosal white matter changes in euthymic bipolar i disorder: an advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tractography study Transcranial cerebellar direct current stimulation (tcDCS): motor control Mapping local hippocampal changes in Alzheimer’s disease and normal ageing with MRI at 3 Tesla Anterior thalamic lesions stop synaptic plasticity in retrosplenial cortex slices: expanding the pathology of diencephalic amnesia A connectome-based comparison of diffusion MRI schemes Distinct cerebellar contributions to intrinsic connectivity networks Cerebellar stimulation: effects on septal region Ascending projections of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus to the hippocampus amygdala and other temporal lobe sites: evoked potential and histological studies in monkeys and cats Asymmetry of the uncinate fasciculus: a post-mortem study of normal subjects and patients with schizophrenia Neural connectivity of the posterior body of the fornix in the human brain: diffusion tensor imaging study Neural connectivity of the anterior body of the fornix in the human brain: diffusion tensor imaging study The anterior thalamus provides a subcortical circuit supporting memory and spatial navigation Probabilistic fiber tracking using the residual bootstrap with constrained spherical deconvolution MRI Twenty-five pitfalls in the analysis of diffusion MRI data Optimal strategies for measuring diffusion in anisotropic systems by magnetic resonance imaging doi: 10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(199909)42:3<515::aid-mrm14>3.3.co;2-h Reliability of two clinicaly relevant fiber pathways reconstructed with constrained spherical deconvolution Lateralization of the arcuate fasciculus from childhood to adulthood and its relation to cognitive abilities in children ExploreDTI: a graphical toolbox for processing analyzing and visualizing diffusion MR data Google Scholar The B-matrix must be rotated when correcting for subject motion in DTI data Neuropsychological consequences of cerebellar tumour resection in children: cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome in a paediatric population A direct hippocampo-cerebellar projection in chicken The retrosplenial cortex and emotion: new insights from functional neuroimaging of the human brain Impairment of radial maze delayed nonmatching after lesions of anterior thalamus and parahippocampal cortex “Behavioural neuroanatomy: large-scale networks the limbic system and the hemispheric specializations,” in Principles of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Cortical and subcortical connections of the human claustrum revealed in vivo by constrained spherical deconvolution tractography Functional relationships between the hippocampus and the cerebellum: an electrophysiological study of the cat Hippocampal-Cerebellar interaction during spatio-temporal prediction O’Reilly Distinct and overlapping functional zones in the cerebellum defined by resting state functional connectivity Color schemes to represent the orientation of anisotropic tissues from diffusion tensor data: application to white matter fiber tract mapping in the human brain doi: 10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(199909)42:3<526::aid-mrm15>3.3.co;2-a Derivation of high-resolution MRI atlases of the human cerebellum at 3T and segmentation using multiple automatically generated templates Lateralization of ventral and dorsal auditory-language pathways in the human brain A pitfall in the reconstruction of fibre ODfs using spherical deconvolution of diffusion MRI data Pathological laughter and crying in patients with multiple system atrophy-cerebellar type Exaggerated crying and tremor with a cerebellar cyst Abnormalities of cortical-limbic-cerebellar white matter networks may contribute to treatment-resistant depression: a diffusion tensor imaging study Contributions of the amygdala to emotion processing: from animal models to human behavior The anatomy of extended limbic pathways in Asperger syndrome: a preliminary diffusion tensor imaging tractography study A default mode of brain function: a brief history of an evolving idea The role of the cerebellum in cognition and behaviour: a selective review The cerebellum: a new key structure in the navigation system Diffusion tensor tractography versus volumetric imaging in the diagnosis of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia A role for the human amygdala in higher cognition An emerging concept: the cerebellar contribution to higher function From movement to thought: anatomic substrates of the cerebellar contribution to cognitive processing doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(1996)4:3<174::aid-hbm3>3.3.co;2-w The role of the cerebellum in affect and psychosis CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Cerebellar contributions to the Papez circuit Neuropsychological long-term sequelae after posterior fossa tumour resection during childhood Functional topography in the human cerebellum: a meta-analysis if neuroimaging studies doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125606 The fornix of the human brain: evidence of left/right asymmetry on axial MRI scans White matter microstructure asymmetry: effects of volume asymmetry on fractional anisotropy asymmetry Thiebaut de Schotten A lateralized brain network for visuospatial attention Storage of a naturally acquired conditioned response is impaired in patients with cerebellar degeneration Robust determination of the fibre orientation distribution in diffusion MRI: non-negativity constrained super-resolved spherical deconvolution Effect of step size on probabilistic streamlines: implications for the interpretation of connectivity analysis Google Scholar Resolving crossing fibres using constrained spherical deconvolution: validation using diffusion weighted imaging phantom data The mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one Trimarchi F and Milardi D (2014) Constrained spherical deconvolution analysis of the limbic network in human with emphasis on a direct cerebello-limbic pathway Received: 14 August 2014; Accepted: 19 November 2014; Published online: 08 December 2014 Copyright © 2014 Arrigo, Mormina, Anastasi, Gaeta, Calamuneri, Quartarone, De Salvo, Bruschetta, Rizzo, Trimarchi and Milardi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited *Correspondence: Alessandro Arrigo, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 1 Messina, 98125, Italy e-mail:YWxlc3NhbmRyby5hcnJpZ29AaG90bWFpbC5jb20= This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page There are no statistics available for this player Thanks for visiting from her upcoming EP ‘Blur Divine’ a series of “unlove” songs Julia Gaeta shares the third single, “Fragments of Pain,” from her upcoming EP Blur Divine “is about someone who is in deep limerence looking for clues and meaning that the object of their obsession might love them back but all they’re really seeing is reflections of themselves This track draws from my love of 90s pop and big choruses about saccharine love but it’s really a dark song about delusion.” Blur Divine isn’t just a collection of love songs – quite the opposite These are unlove songs veiled in facades of closeness They tell the story of how loving someone can sometimes mean walking the perilous path of losing oneself the act of unloving another becomes of utmost importance Visual themes on this EP – on the cover etc – are of absinthe and murky swamps representing the continual warping of reality that can easily swallow those who feel the most Gaeta has been inspired by personal events the push-pull energy of gritty Paris nights Her perception of the city feels constantly in flux – a testament to the idea that we create our own realities The EP was mostly written between two locations in Paris beginning with the 2020 pandemic lockdowns after Gaeta had just moved to Paris from Berlin One was a sublet in the 8th floor of a 1970s apartment complex with renowned Père Lachaise Cemetery as her backyard and the sprawling cityscape of Paris in the front The apartment felt like a lo-fi sex dungeon with faux leather curtains mysterious stains and a mirror surrounding the bed it represented a window into a collective psyche of others’ pain and pleasure The second location was more isolated from much of the city’s hustle and bustle providing an introspective and personal space to create These dual locations certainly influenced the record’s dynamic Julia Gaeta “Hangin On A Dream” single artwork The Role of Perfume in Boosting Confidence During Actor Castings Fox Lake Unveils “Savior” Video and Single; Signs with MNRK Heavy Vanessa De La Rosa has been involved in the music scene most of her life in different capacities she is a past master in the art of "nerding-out" with music and is excited to explore that passion by sharing the stories of artists everywhere Julia Gaeta Shares “Hangin On A Dream” Single off Forthcoming ‘Blur Divine’ EP it was like monsters with guitars and I was blown away.” Mark Morton: “I was starting to break out of the clouds I could tell that was happening and it felt really free to be creative.” Shadows of a Silhouette Premiere Energetic New Single “No Matter Where I Go” KING 810 Reveal ‘Rustbelt Nu Metal’ Album Details & European Tour Dawn Of Ouroboros Announce Extensive Spring & Summer US Tour Dates Headliner to Date at Boston’s MGM at Fenway Diablo® and Berserk Join Forces with Beast In Black for Epic Collaboration Deafheaven – ‘Lonely People With Power’ [Album Review] ©2025 V13 Media is part of V13 Media Group, owned by V13 Ventures. All rights reserved. Privacy Policy // Terms of Use We have the address for the funeral home & the family on file If you're not happy with your card we'll send a replacement or refund your money Gaeta of Hoffman Estates created this Life Tributes page to make it easy to share your memories Log in and download the free e-publication of the latest A&B The printed version is available for sale online in our store and press salons throughout Poland unique e-mail [will also be used as login in the portal] Only name - check the correctness of the data Only the last name - check the correctness of the data password must be at least 8 characters long * fields required for registration; data can be completed in account settings after logging in ** establishment of a student account follows verification of the validity of the student ID card Please try later or let us know: contact Technology: aitnet.pl Ⓒ AiB Publishing House 2025 Thanks for visiting 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Shockwave Medical a pioneer in the development and commercialization of transformational technologies for the treatment of cardiovascular disease announced today the appointment of Renee Gaeta as Chief Financial Officer (CFO) who previously announced his decision to retire “Renee is a highly skilled and accomplished executive with a proven track record in the medical device and healthcare industries,” said Doug Godshall “I am thrilled to welcome Renee to Shockwave and look forward to partnering with her through our next phase of growth and profitability I would also like to thank Dan Puckett for his exemplary leadership and outsized contribution to the success of Shockwave fortunately he will continue to work with us in a consulting capacity.” Renee most recently served as CFO at Eko Health where she led both the finance and human resources teams as the organization grew its digital cardiopulmonary care platform She has also served as a member of the board of directors and the audit committee of Candel Therapeutics since August 2022 Renee was CFO and a member of the executive team at Establishment Labs Holdings where she played a key role in the company’s successful initial public offering and the growth of the global business in accounting from Loyola Marymount University and is a Certified Public Accountant in the State of California “Shockwave is one of the most exciting and innovative companies in the medical technology industry and it is an honor to be joining the company at such a pivotal time in its growth,” said Renee “The progress Shockwave has made in establishing IVL as a standard of care while also strategically expanding the business to help patients is inspiring I am thrilled to be part of the team and the mission to transform treatment paradigms for poorly served patient populations with breakthrough technologies.” This press release contains statements relating to our expectations which are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue,” and similar expressions Forward-looking statements in this press release include statements regarding our expected growth and profitability; our business strategy and plans; our objectives for future operations and financial performance; and other matters You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements Forward-looking statements are only predictions based on our current expectations Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements are discussed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) including in the sections titled “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequently filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and in our other reports filed with the SEC we do not undertake to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date hereof to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations Media Contact:Scott Shadiow+1.317.432.9210sshadiow@shockwavemedical.com Investor Contact:Debbie Kasterdkaster@shockwavemedical.com Please select what you would like included for printing: Copy the text below and then paste that into your favorite email application on April 4th at Care Dimensions Hospice House in Lincoln a daughter of the late Frank and Raffaella “Raffie” (Penta) Gaeta educated in the Medford Public Schools and at Boston University  Fran first met her husband of 50 years but they did not start dating until they worked on their first political campaign together  She worked with children with disabilities in the Connecticut Public Schools where she co-pioneered a multi-college mental health counseling referral service in Boston she restructured a 10-town nonprofit multi-service hotline as President of CODE (Committee on Drug Education) and served as a long-time member and a two-term Chair of the Concord Housing Authority where she worked with her close friends to develop affordable housing for low-income people and engaging woman who was passionate about her family  She had the uncanny ability to connect with and appreciate people from all walks of life Her positive outlook and genuine concern for others was infectious In addition to her beloved parents and husband Fran was pre-deceased by her sister Norma Barricelli (Jean-Pierre) Maillis of Watertown; her grandchildren Cecelia Family and friends will honor and remember Frances’ life by gathering for calling hours in the Joyce Funeral Home Her Funeral Mass will be celebrated on Thursday morning at 11 a.m Burial will follow at Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge In lieu of flowers, memorial donations may be made to Sanctuary Place of Health Imperatives, 942 W. Chestnut Street, Brockton, Massachusetts 02301, or by visiting healthimperatives.app.neoncrm.com/forms/sanctuary-place Enter your phone number above to have directions sent via text This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply Service map data © OpenStreetMap contributors today announced the appointment of Renee Gaeta as Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and member of the executive leadership team “Eko is at a key moment in its journey to build a comprehensive platform for digital cardiopulmonary care.” said Connor Landgraf “Renee’s experience in guiding global public and private medical technology companies through sustained stages of high growth is ideal for Eko Her strategic vision and knowledge of finance and healthcare will help us expand our impact on patient care.” Gaeta previously served as CFO and member of the executive team at Establishment Labs Holdings where she played a key role in the company’s successful Initial Public Offering (IPO) and Follow-On Offering Revenue more than tripled during her tenure as did the company’s valuation after the IPO they grew direct sales in addition to distributor revenue launched new products and expanded markets and ran an FDA clinical trial for a Class III device Corporate Controller and executive team member at Sientra In this role she was instrumental in preparing the company during its pre-IPO stage establishing compliant systems and controls and she also played a key role in the company’s successful IPO and Follow-On Offering rising through the organization to the role of Director Gaeta joins Eko during a period of significant company milestones Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cleared Eko’s artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for detecting heart murmurs and atrial fibrillation and also issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for Eko’s novel rapid screening test for low ejection fraction (low EF) Eko launched the first AI-powered cardiopulmonary telehealth platform for virtual physical exams Eko and 3M™ Littmann® Stethoscopes launched a collaboration of the Littmann CORE Digital Stethoscope that marries best-in-class 3M Littmann stethoscope technology with advanced Eko digital innovations bringing the company’s total funding to $100 million a peer-reviewed publication in the Journal of the American Heart Association (AHA) validated Eko’s AI algorithm as a clinical tool for detecting heart murmurs with comparable performance to that of an expert cardiologist a company making a difference in providing the highest standard of cardiopulmonary care,” said Mrs “Eko has developed the next evolution in digital health solutions focused on improving patient care and I look forward to working with the team to execute on the company’s priorities accelerate growth and enhance value for shareholders and all stakeholders." Product MarketingEkobrit.gould@ekohealth.com