Please select what you would like included for printing: Copy the text below and then paste that into your favorite email application Brad graduated from Burnsville High School and went on to college at SDSU where he met and was smitten with his wife of 40 years and followed up with a formal ceremony on June 23 They then studied in Hawaii where Brad graduated with an Electrical Engineering degree as well as achieving his advanced diving certificate in SCUBA could nearly always be found taking things apart and putting them back together He was an excellent engineer which matched his "matter of fact" personality He first worked at ATI with his mentoring uncle Marlyn Grotte's building management company before joining Aero Systems Engineering (ASE) to design jet engine testing equipment and finally at ITT designing joy sticks for MRI machines and heavy construction equipment His electrical engineering capabilities helped his siblings learn and wire their homes amongst other things While in high school Brad was an accomplished wrestler and held records in weightlifting he spent considerable time four-wheeling with friends in the muddy Minnesota river bottoms often getting so thoroughly stuck he'd get home in the wee hours of the morning Throughout his years he continued to take pride in improving his jeeps and other 4WD vehicles Brad was quite active as a Boy Scout where he achieved the rank of Eagle and spent weeks at a time in the wilderness Brad found great pleasure in nature whether it be hunting with his beloved dog Rufus or fishing with his family and friends in northern Minnesota and deep into Canada He was known as the best shot in shooting trap at the family farm Brad is preceded in death by his parents Phillip and Leah Grotte Also surviving are many nieces and nephews Brad held the honorary role leading the group in the ever popular sing-along "Bill Grogans Goat" which always ended in laughter and a family cheer Brad's remains will be spread on the family farm he so loved A celebration of Brad's life will be held on Sunday Ranfranz and Vine Funeral Home is honored to be serving the Grotte family This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply Service map data © OpenStreetMap contributors Funeral homes often submit obituaries as a service to the families they are assisting we will be happy to accept obituaries from family members pending proper verification of the death He grew up in Northwood and spent his teen years in Hamilton Sam worked building forest lookouts and was a smoke jumper Sam graduated with a BS in music from the University of Montana he married Donnie Steves and entered the U.S Sam served in the Air Force for 20 years as a fighter pilot He flew reconnaissance missions in Vietnam It was in the Air Force where he got the nick name of “Sam the Man.” He retired as a major and went to work for American Airlines as a pilot Sam bought his home on the bluff in White Salmon 1985 Sam started playing with the White Salmon Jazz Band and eventually became its director the Eastside Orchestra and the Gorge Sinfonietta He also played in the pit for both The Dalles and Hood River Sam was the director of the Gorge Winds Concert Band He loved to travel and had an extensive collection of books a Stinson and a Piper Cub family cruiser float plane Sam authored a book about his amazing life "A Life," or as much of it as I can factually recall he describes the 1964 Alaskan earthquake which he survived as well as his experiences in the Air Force great-grandchildren and numerous nieces and nephews The family has donated Sam’s remains to the Alzheimer's research program In lieu of flowers they suggest donations to The History Museum of Hood River County Columbia Gorge Orchestra Association or Hospice of the Gorge A celebration of life is scheduled for Saturday at the Best Western Plus Hood River Inn in Hood River By sharing a fond memory or writing a kind tribute you will be providing a comforting keepsake to those in mourning If you have an existing account with this site you can create an account by clicking on the Log in button below Your browser is out of date and potentially vulnerable to security risks.We recommend switching to one of the following browsers: Account processing issue - the email address may already exist Sign up to receive notifications when a new Columbia Gorge News e-Edition is published Would you like to receive our news updates? Signup today Receive weekly updates on obituaries and death notices Receive updates on upcoming promotions and special sections Invalid password or account does not exist Submitting this form below will send a message to your email with a link to change your password An email message containing instructions on how to reset your password has been sent to the email address listed on your account CLICK HERE TO SUBSCRIBE TO THE TDN FOR FREE! Remember Ben with a gift to Thoroughbred aftercare Subscribe for FREE to the Daily PDF or the News Alerts Home » Archive » Shared News » Black-Type Analysis: Zarigana Back In Action In La Grotte Field: Batal Youmzain (Fr) (Hello Youmzain {Fr}) Sahlan (Ire) (Wootton Bassett {GB}) TDN Verdict: France's premier Poule d'Essai des Poulains trial sees the G1 Prix Jean-Luc Lagardere third Misunderstood tackle some up-and-comers including the Listed Prix Omnium II winner Darius Cen and the maiden winners Sahlan and Ridari who represents the all-conquering Graffard stable looked a smart prospect when winning by four lengths on debut on Deauville's Polytrack in late November with sharp finishing sectionals suggesting he must be taken seriously Field: Zarigana (GB) (Siyouni {Fr}) Shes Perfect (Ire) (Sioux Nation) Rosa Salvaje (Ire) (Maximum Security) Tigress Of Gaul (Fr) (Kingman {GB}) TDN Verdict: Prospects don't come much more exciting than Zarigana who despite tasting narrow defeat in the G1 Prix Marcel Boussac over this course and distance on Arc day is potentially one of this year's leading lights Previously dominant in the G3 Prix d'Aumale the grandaughter of Zarkava (Ire) (Zamindar) is greeted by two unbeaten peers with big upside in Safia and Tigress Of Gaul with the former showing she was ready for this kind of test in Saint-Cloud's Prix Kizil Kourgan last month Field: Stormy Donald (Fr) (Hello Youmzain {Fr}) Aidan's Phone (Fr) (Prince Gibraltar {Fr}) Rafale Design (Ire) (Starspangledbanner {Aus}) Nitoi (Camelot {GB}) TDN Verdict: Yeguada Centurion's TDN Rising Star Tito Mo Cen is put to the test in this Prix du Jockey Club pointer with his wide-margin debut success at Chantilly followed by success in that track's Listed Prix Maurice Caillault Rafale Design wowed at Deauville in November while Andre Fabre saddles Nitoi the half-brother to the G1 Hong Kong Vase hero Junko (GB) (Intello {Ger}) who has the one run under his belt having scored at Chantilly in September Click here for the complete fields with owner and breeder information Not a subscriber? Click here to sign up for the daily PDF or alerts. Copy Article Link Editor / News Stories:editor@thetdn.com Advertising:advertising@thetdn.com Customer Service:customerservice@thetdn.com Click Here to sign up for a free subscription You don't have permission to access the page you requested What is this page?The website you are visiting is protected.For security reasons this page cannot be displayed This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page La Grotte pictured besides the pedal that inspired it the La Grotte is a remarkable achievement as a fully analog spring reverb pedal with a built-in spring tank and a preamp for a dark and grungy reverb 100% analog and mechanical spring reverb with a built-in 3-spring tank Digital reverb players might find it dark-sounding Is there anything Jack White doesn’t have his hands in and entrepreneur has been making hay for his Third Man Hardware company by partnering with select brands like Donner and MXR to create musical gear aligned with his eclectic vision Now you can add French boutique pedal-maker Anasounds to the list Nearly all these musical-product collaborations have sported contrasting yellows and blacks and symbolic pattern motifs that he’s adopted as his “Jack White-ish” signature La Grotte means “The Cave” in French A little background: White was so enamored with Anasounds’ Element Spring Reverb (a “two-part” pedal where the Element serves as the preamp that’s hooked into an external Anasounds spring tank offered in three sizes) that he wanted the La Grotte to be an all-in-one pedal where the spring tank is built into the pedal’s enclosure Even more challenging was that White demanded three springs instead of two for more authentic reverberation one-of-a-kind analog spring reverb with a visually striking engraved surface and a plexiglass faceplate to observe its three springs actively vibrate Usability rating: ★★★★☆ The La Grotte is unlike most other analog reverb stompboxes because its built-in preamp (based on Tampco’s Tone Oven pedal) directly affects its splashy and saturated reverb sound Two knobs for Dry and Wet are dual volume knobs that govern the reverb mix and can increasingly boost or clip either signal into overdrive The Low and High controls are a two-band EQ that only affects the tone of the reverb sound the pedal features an internal gain control an internal bypass switch for selecting true or buffered bypass (preserves reverb tails) you’ll need a 9V DC power supply to operate it One thing that’s clear to me is that the La Grotte is not your traditional spring reverb which makes it engagingly absorbing and frustrating It’s sensitive to where you set the dual Wet/Dry volumes and you’ll want to tailor the EQ of the reverb accordingly you’ll hear that reverb crashing sound (which is kinda cool) Sounds rating: ★★★★☆ it’s a saturated reverb with a boingy and I believe many garage and lo-fi pedal junkies are going to flip over La Grotte’s seductively dark and grungy splash Boosting the Dry volume and dialing back the Wet puts the reverb in the background while adding a cavernous ambience to your tone Even the onboard preamp is transparent and full with a warmly overdriven tone as you turn it up Those deep reverberations come with some cloudiness, so, to make it respond like a guitar amp’s reverb boosting the Dry volume and dialing back the Wet puts the reverb in the background while adding a cavernous ambience to your tone increasing the Wet volume will saturate the reverb the La Grotte allows you to find a reverberated middle ground or go to extremes Designed by Anasounds and Jack White, the La Grotte is a remarkable achievement as a fully analog spring reverb pedal with a built-in spring tank and a preamp for a dark and grungy reverb ($499/£430/€449)One for spring reverb die-hards The unit that inspired La Grotte is available individually or as a bundle with three different reverb tank sizes It is brighter and more vintage sounding but has no preamp ($229/£199)An affordable, compact and convincing digital emulation of spring reverb that pairs nicely with clean and driven amps.Our review ($359/£299)CTC's revised White Whale similarly contains a real mechanical spring – and it has tremolo for that vintage amp sound Paul RiarioSocial Links NavigationPaul Riario has been the tech/gear editor and online video presence for Guitar World for over 25 years Paul is one of the few gear editors who has actually played and owned nearly all the original gear that most guitarists wax poetically about and has survived this long by knowing every useless musical tidbit of classic rock When Paul is not riding his road bike at any given moment playing in two bands called SuperTrans Am and Radio Nashville it has the substance to match its good looks": Squier Limited Edition Paranormal Offset Telecaster SJ review “I remember there was a video of Gary Moore and he played Red House on this Fiesta Red Strat and I thought it was just the most incredible thing”: Is Toby Lee Britain’s next blues-rock superstar but essentially it’s an instrument that belongs to the 20th century in many ways what can you do to try to reinvent that vocabulary to make it seem relevant?”: Steven Wilson on the making of a cosmic prog epic The latest collaboration between White’s Third Man Hardware brand and French effects maker Anasounds is an intriguing and surprisingly versatile spring reverb pedal $299/£300, thirdmanstore.com Increasingly though, that spring sound is not being made with actual springs. Many of us are choosing to get our reverb from pedals and even those of us who want to get our reverb on the backline side are finding that fewer amps are shipping with the telltale metal box that denotes a bona fide spring reverb tank His new reverb pedal reflects both sides of his personality. La Grotte is a partnership with French effects brand Anasounds that reflects the pedal-first existence of most modern guitarists (himself included) but flips it by putting an actual honest-to-goodness spring reverb tank right there at your feet in a package even more compact than Danelectro’s venerable Spring King ‘the cave’ and scratches a long-time itch for Jack White – the ability to have a compact fully mechanical spring reverb pedal on his pedalboard that he could use with any amp he happened to feel like using that day The partnership with Anasounds isn’t coincidental of course – the French brand made its name by devising a way to put real spring reverb on your pedalboard in a compact way an important difference exists between La Grotte and previous Anasounds pedal-reverb efforts Anasounds spring reverbs came in two parts – a small pedal with switching and controls and a tiny outboard reverb tank designed to be mounted safe and sound underneath your board or on your amp La Grotte dispenses with this, combining both controls and tank into one enclosure. If the hassle of having to find somewhere to stash the tank has put you off an Anasounds pedal before, this is of course big news. It’s also pretty big full stop – sporting a chunky enclosure that’s a little under 5×6” big, and about an inch and a half deep. If you can’t be bothered to get a tape measure out, it’s almost exactly the same size as two Boss compact pedals side by side the springs are right there behind a little transparent screen that lights up when you plug it in – after all what’s the point in having real springs if nobody can see them doing their good work The pedal’s available in two different finish options – both black and yellow of course – and the one I’ve got on test here is the limited edition White Stripes-y swirl finish, which is a Third Man Records exclusive (and will cost you an extra $50) You expect to know what you’re in for when you plug into a spring reverb and the interesting thing about La Grotte is that it does a very good job of confounding those expectations I didn’t expect it to be quite as versatile and interesting as it turns out to be on initial inspection but they’re typically carefully considered by White The ‘Dry’ knob for example doesn’t just determine the level of dry signal while there’s a two-band EQ for the reverb itself allowing you to emphasise the amount of high or low frequencies that resonate With the Dry and Wet knobs set at around 9 o’clock and the EQs at 12 o’clock, you get a very pleasing and classic spring reverb sound that is pretty remarkable. It’s reductive and cliche to say ‘real thing sounds better than digital thing’ but even on this most polite and vintage setting the depth and lushness of the sound is so much more alive and vibrant than your bog standard digital spring setting But this is a pedal that’s definitely not about politeness This becomes instantly apparent as you turn up the dry control and introduce more of that preamp While you can tweak the level of gain it adds with an internal trim pot out of the gate it’s set so that as you wind the knob up with a massive amount of level boost going with it It quickly makes even the cleanest amps sound dirty and will tip even mildly overdriven sounds positively filthy – albeit still retaining an impressive degree of clarity even with the control full up The Wet knob is another slightly misleading control but just to the reverbed sound – and this is where things start to really get interesting Combined with the high and low EQ controls this allows you to take the basic spring reverb sound and push things in much more esoteric and atmospheric situations With the Wet full up and the low frequencies emphasised I’m able to create gloriously dense self-oscillating soundscapes in an instant As an expressive esoteric reverb it’s pretty much as weird and atmospheric as a genuine spring sound could possibly get It even does the thing where the springs jangle in the tank when you give the pedal itself a whack This is something that has definite soundscapey potential in the right hands but I mainly kept doing it by accident – especially as the springs jangle even with the pedal bypassed The ‘kick pad’ has been a feature on other spring reverb pedals but it’s not the sort of thing you want to have happening by accident I found I was knocking it rather a lot over the course of my test – am I just a big-footed clumsy oaf There’s some interesting stuff going on with this pedal not least in what it’s capable of versus what its creator clearly intends it to be used for You absolutely can get one of the most vibrant and organic classic spring reverb sounds you’ll ever hear in a pedal with the right settings but that rather feels like using a Ferrari to deliver for UberEats White and Anasounds main man Alexander Ernandez have created a pedal that’s crying out for you to get weird to make strange noises and wonderful howls If you’re going to spend $300 on a reverb pedal The world’s leading authority and resource for all things guitar. preamp-equipped pedal adds extra features and tweaks to Anasound’s cult classic Elements pedal allowing players to “benefit from the added soul of an analog spring” Jack White’s Third Man Audio has linked up with French pedal specialist Anasounds for the La Grotte – a stompbox that ends his lifelong quest for the perfect analog spring reverb After the firm gained huge prominence in the American market, White purchased one of Anasounds’ Elements spring reverb pedals back in 2021 and it was love at first riff A desire to collaborate with its makers on a new design – springing off the Elements’ successful template – has resulted in La Grotte which comes with some major differences to further its tonal goodness a three-spring tank is combined with a warm preamp for “a distinct sonic personnalité” its two-band EQ affects only the reverberated sound with independent volume settings for dry and wet sounds completing its left-field tweakability Two years after his inital Anasounds purchase White sent off his first draft for La Grotte and little has changed in the back and forth between the two firms since Some fine-tuning was needed to find the right tank and get the right frequencies to shine with all involved careful not to trigger the spring sound when turning the pedal on fading the reverb in and out when activated Thinking of iconic spring reverbs from Fender and Roland White deemed a built-in preamp a necessity White and Mancini leant on Anasounds’s expertise with the resulting circuit offering plenty of headroom but still with the ability to get dirty when pushed Players who don’t vibe with White’s preamp sweet spot can find their preferred setting by toying with the pedal’s internal trimpot Where the Elements was designed for better highs and the best possible signal-to-noise ratio with the reverb trailing off naturally when the buffered mode is used A pad allows players to adjust the input level from 0dB to -10dB for those wanting to use the pedal as a studio outboard unit and the preamp’s “massive volume boost” will “help your tracks come alive” and even brass instruments so that musicians of all kind can “benefit from the added soul of an analog spring” “It's been a lifetime searching for a small real spring reverb that could be used a stompbox on stage or in the studio,” Jack White reveals “The hang-up is that you normally have to use really long springs to get a good sound it was the addition of the third spring that really brought this sound alive and gave us the ability to have that long decay from a real spring in a small box “the built-in drive/boost feature you get from the Dry knob is very impressive in how it elevates the signal you are sending to the springs Visit Anasounds and Third Man Hardware to discover more in which he slings an 8-string Strandberg Boden Original churning that low string through a variety of tunings He's also a published author and is currently penning his debut novel which chucks fantasy mythology and humanity into a great big melting pot "The only thing missing is the noise from the tape loop." We review the Strymon EC-1 Single Head dTape Echo a convincing take on a very special vintage tube Echoplex "BigSky MX will be replacing the BigSky as my go-to reverb pedal I’ve heard nothing that covers all the bases with such pristine and detailed audio quality." We crowned the Strymon BigSky MX the champ of multi-reverb pedals “We turned the Marshall up all the way That’s the sound.’” In a rare interview Barry Goudreau talks creating Boston’s smash debut and his ongoing rift with Tom Scholz ND to Stanley Vernon Grotte and Betty Jane (Jacobson) Grotte ND and graduated from high school there in 1968 SD to attend the National College of Business There she met her future husband Richard Schulz They made their home in East Grand Forks and were blessed with two children She worked in the accounting department at Altru Hospital was a member of Our Savior’s Lutheran Church and a board member of their gun club in AZ Nancy was a pilot and scuba diver and she enjoyed traveling and reading Nancy is survived by her husband of 54 years Richard Schulz; children Heather (Elliott) Knutson and Scott (Nicole) Schulz all of East Grand Forks; grandchildren Kyle (Nicole Pecka) Cullen and Kane Schulz; great-granddaughter Frankie Knutson; sister Judy Boyd of Ft AZ; and brothers Steven (Lorie) Grotte of Grand Forks and Brian (Tammy) Grotte of Buckeye She was preceded in death by her parents Stanley Grotte and Betty Grotte Schwartz VISITATION: One hour prior to the funeral at the funeral home INTERMENT: Resurrection Cemetery of East Grand Forks we look at the new Jack White signature La Grotte spring reverb pedal which has just been announced and is due out later this month Then we have a peek at the new Xotic Effects XW-2 wah pedal the respected guitar luthier who has died aged 72 Jack White’s latest collaboration with Anasound the Third Man x Anasound LA Grotte Reverb Pedal is a stompbox that blends retro audio-electrical technology with modern design This unique pedal offers an unconventional approach to reverb The 100% analogue pedal features three mechanical springs the onboard preamp offers two-band EQ and ample headroom Independent volume settings for wet and dry signals allow precise reverb blend control A limited edition yellow version is also coming Both are due at the end of September and are available to preorder You are currently viewing a placeholder content from YouTube Please note that doing so will share data with third-party providers The XW-2 is Xotic Effects’ newly updated wah pedal, which updates their very popular XW-1 pedal This compact metallic blue wah is 20% smaller than traditional wah pedals so it takes up less space on your pedalboard The pedal has a self-lubricating nylon bushing pivot and an adjustable rocker tension, allowing it to work smoothly and be set up to the user’s preference Xotic has used a gold contact true bypass relay switching system to make the pedal play nicely with other effects It also uses a custom-wound inductor and potentiometer to give it a throaty wah voicing and more then these look like ones you should check out Renowned guitar luthier and designer James Tyler known for his high-end instruments that shaped the LA studio sound of the 1980s His family announced the news on August 29th Tyler’s meticulous craftsmanship and innovative designs made him a go-to for many LA session players His guitars played a pivotal role in the evolution of the era’s Superstrat arms race and his influence can be heard on countless hit recordings Tyler began his career as a repairman at Norman’s Rare Guitars in LA before launching his own shop in 1980 His forward-thinking modifications and high-performance builds quickly gained a reputation among demanding session players and his guitars were featured on hits by artists like James Taylor leaving his company under the guidance of his daughter Sarah and General Manager Rich Renken His family has since announced their intention to establish a foundation in his honour to support aspiring musicians This is a massive loss for the guitar community and anyone who has ever played or seen his work will know just how gifted a luthier he was To donate to the James Tyler Foundation, please visit GoFundMe This post contains affiliate links and/or widgets When you buy a product via our affiliate partner we receive a small commission that helps support what we do Leave a Reply Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id" "aa6c36e765e77ed940aa15fb65c0c054" );document.getElementById("e2a7d02a0b").setAttribute( "id" Hot PicksPolyend Synth Update 1.3 Brings Crazy Sample-Based Engine Frap Tools Magnolia – Superbooth 25’s Surprise Hit Soundtoys SpaceBlender: Top Reverb Plugin as Freeware – Free Until May 22 The best budget beat-making gear to help you get creative The Best Multichannel Audio Interfaces for Home Recording Budget Home Recording: Essential tools to get you started How to sound like Depeche Mode’s Never Let Me Down Again Best Earplugs for Musicians: How to prevent Hearing Loss The Notting Hill Kid: How To Sound Like Mark Ronson Best Guitar Multi-Effects Pedals & Best Guitar Multi-Effects in General The Five Best Value Solid-State Amps: Portable Which is the Best DAW System for your Style of Music From Harlem To Stardom: How To Sound Like Moby The Best Budget FX Pedals Under €50 – Bargain Stompboxes for all Is the Yamaha NS-10 still relevant in modern music production How to Recreate the Classic Roland Juno Sound using Software Plug-ins The Best Value Microphones for Vocal Recording They Were Right About You: How To Sound Like A Perfect Circle Instruo Seashell: Semi-Modular Desktop Synth with Total Recall but that’s way too expensive (and I usually defend smaller manufacturers’ prices) Polyend Synth Update 1.3 Brings Crazy Sample-Based Engine, More 05 May · How does this even matter when they will abandon this as well and simply move to the next half baked “project” product That is what they have done with every release Why the New AI Copyright Law Poses a Massive Threat to the Future of Artists in Europe - Act Now! 05 May · There is more than enough copyright-free music and other forms of art out there for the AI companies to train their models on There is absolutely no 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You are currently viewing a placeholder content from Facebook You are currently viewing a placeholder content from Instagram You are currently viewing a placeholder content from X About  .  Contact  .  Donation Archaeologists have uncovered compelling evidence of early medicinal plant use by prehistoric humans in Morocco’s Taforalt Cave (Grotte des Pigeons) published in Nature and led by an international team was coordinated by Morocco’s National Institute of Archaeology and Heritage Sciences (INSAP) Researchers found charred remains of the Ephedra plant suggesting it was used for therapeutic and ritualistic purposes by the Iberomaurusian people of North Africa during the Late Stone Age a resilient non-flowering shrub common in arid regions which are used to alleviate pain and respiratory issues the ancient inhabitants of Taforalt Cave specifically utilized Ephedra seeds an indication of a nuanced understanding of the plant’s medicinal properties “This procedure would have been painful and involved significant bleeding leading the team to suggest that Ephedra was used to stop bleeding and soothe pain,” Bouzouggar explained in an interview with Morocco World News revealing their symbolic and practical use of natural resources Excavations conducted between 2005 and 2015 revealed layers of burials and one notable individual who had undergone trepanation—a form of cranial surgery this individual’s skull showed signs of healing suggesting that medicinal plants like Ephedra might have been applied to aid in recovery The site is also famous for a ritual involving tooth extraction likely performed as a rite of passage for adolescents the pain and bleeding associated with tooth avulsion might have been alleviated by Ephedra’s medicinal properties This points to a complex understanding of herbal remedies that likely helped these early communities endure painful procedures and honor cultural customs the discovery challenges existing beliefs about prehistoric medical knowledge demonstrating that early humans in North Africa not only gathered medicinal plants but may have applied them in specific dosages or forms strongly suggest its use in funerary rituals potentially as part of the mourning process or to prepare bodies for the afterlife INSAP’s team worked closely with Moroccan Their findings at Taforalt Cave add to the global understanding of ancient human societies’ adaptability and their relationship with the natural world and website in this browser for the next time I comment Δdocument.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()) Learn how to describe the purpose of the image (opens in a new tab) Leave empty if the image is purely decorative Learn how to describe the purpose of the image (opens in a new tab). Leave empty if the image is purely decorative. Your Ads Privacy ChoicesIMDb Home » Archive » Top News Europe » Another For The Aga Khan's Studs As Siyouni's Zarigana Wins The Grotte Entering Sunday's G3 Prix de la Grotte at ParisLongchamp with her reputation still sky-high The Aga Khan's Studs' Zarigana (GB) (Siyouni {Fr}) duly emerged with it intact ahead of what could be a big Classic campaign Remaining calm as she was re-shod before the start the Francis-Henri Graffard-trained grandaughter of Zarkava (Ire) (Zamindar) travelled strongly but sensibly on the wing off the moderate pace Taken into contention with a 10.57 penultimate split Mickael Barzalona was able to pull the trigger with her momentum at its greatest approaching the furlong pole and the TDN Rising Star responded with a 10.88 last furlong to deny the British raider Shes Perfect (Ire) (@GraffardRacing and Mikael Barzalona! pic.twitter.com/DQ9Rb6mRos — At The Races (@AtTheRaces) April 13, 2025 Copy Article Link White's latest collaborative release has been nearly four years in the making and combines three springs with a specially engineered built-in preamp Jack White’s Third Man Hardware has partnered with fellow effects firm Anasounds to produce the La Grotte spring reverb pedal which will let players “benefit from the added soul of an analog spring” Third Man Hardware has developed a reputation for masterminding some eccentric and unique stompboxes many of which have been designed as part of cross-brand collaborations a humble spring reverb might at first seem like a fairly tame attempt from the two firms this isn’t your standard spring reverb pedal the La Grotte is the result of almost four years of collaboration between the two parties which first began when White got his hands on an Anasounds Elements reverb (Image credit: Third Man Hardware/Anasounds)(Image credit: Third Man Hardware/Anasounds)(Image credit: Third Man Hardware/Anasounds)(Image credit: Third Man Hardware/Anasounds)From there the prospect of a signature pedal that could both solve some problems associated with standard spring reverbs and deliver some extra sonic features was discussed The final La Grotte features three genuine springs that provide the reverb tones as well as a specifically engineered built-in preamp that offers plenty of headroom but can still tap into the grit and dirt of White’s typical sound Though the preamp was fine-tuned by White in the studio an internal trimpot can further crank or dial down the gain for greater flexibility Other controls to tweak the tone include Low and High parameters for adjusting the frequencies and Dry and Wet knobs for controlling the preamp gain three shorter units have been used as opposed to one long spring which is usually required for similar reverb effects pedals This means the pedal is a bit more pedalboard-friendly but can still deliver those authentic mechanical reverbs “It’s been a lifetime of searching for a small real spring reverb effect unit that could be used as a stompbox on stage or in the studio,” White says “The hang up is that you normally have to use really long springs to get good sound it was the addition of the third spring that really brought this sounds alive and gave us the ability to have that long decay from a real spring in a small box “In addition the built in drive/boost features you get is very impressive in how it elevates the signal you are sending to the springs.” Head over to Anasounds and Third Man Hardware to find out more Matt OwenSocial Links NavigationNews Editor GuitarWorld.comMatt is the GuitarWorld.com News Editor and has spent the last 16 years playing everything from blues and jazz to indie and pop When he’s not combining his passion for writing and music during his day job Matt records for a number of UK-based bands and songwriters as a session musician “Jimi was staying at a hotel in Times Square He had his hair set in pink curlers and we would just talk band drama”: Electro-Harmonix founder Mike Matthews on befriending Hendrix booking Chuck Berry and the birth of pedal culture “The original Jordan Boss Tone was probably used by four out of five garage bands in the late ’60s”: Unpacking the gnarly magic of the Jordan Boss Tone – an actual guitar plug-in that delivers Dan Auerbach-approved fuzz Free Eddie Van Halen mini-documentary explores the origins of Eruption and his two-hand tapping technique – and it’s partly narrated by the man himself The La Grotte analog spring reverb pedal is available now BY Alex HudsonPublished Aug 29 The La Grotte analog spring reverb pedal is available to pre-order now "It's been a lifetime of searching for a small real spring reverb effect unit that could be used as a stomp box on stage or in the studio," White said in a statement "The hang up is that you normally have to use really long springs to get a good sound making the unit too large. With the La Grotte pedal In addition the built in drive/boost feature you get from the 'dry' knob is very impressive in how it elevates the signal you are sending to the springs." Watch White play with the reverb pedal in the demo below. Find more specs over at the pre-order page. It costs $300 USD. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Third Man Records (@thirdmanrecords) Be the first to get our biggest stories delivered to your inbox. White's gear division and Anasounds have cooked up an epic three-spring reverb with an extra long decay This unorthodox and fascinating guitar effects pedal is quintessential Jack White; applying retro audio-electrical technology in an all-new way or at least no one has taken this idea quite as far as this Third Man x Anasound collaboration.  Anasound, however, took the first step, with its Element reverb, launched in March 2019 and, according to the French stompbox specialist, becoming a minor pedalboard hit in the US.  White was among the players to be taken by its design – a genuine spring reverb tank in a compact pedal format – and bought one in 2021 That planted the seed of this collaboration Anasound set about fine-tuning the design to nail White’s specifications to a tee What they came up with had three mechanical springs an onboard preamp inspired by Tampco’s Tone Oven and independent volume settings for wet and dry signals “It’s been a lifetime of searching for a small spring reverb effect unit that could be used as a stompbox onstage or in the studio,” says White it was the addition of the third spring that really brought this sound alive and gave us the ability to have that long decay in a small box.” White says the preamp really helps you dial in the sound you need Adjusting the Dry knob can yield dramatic results “The built-in drive/boost feature you get from the Dry knob is very impressive in how it elevates the signal you are sending to the springs.” Making this deluxe signature reverb pedal for – and with – an artist with White was no easy task Anasounds says it took a crazy amount of time 400 hours of development and some 9,500 hours of production to create the first thousand pedals More than 200 components are needed to build these wonderful devices It’s no surprise that these are no cheap date it’s is not just for applying some ambient drip to blazing White fuzz riffs – “soul blues and even pop that will greatly benefit from the added soul of an analogue spring” And you can add surf rock to that list for sure.  Jonathan HorsleyJonathan Horsley has been writing about guitars and guitar culture since 2005 and shamefully still struggles with rhythm figure one of Van Halen’s Panama "I switched to a Stratocaster - I got a really good deal in the middle of the night for $120 - and then in 1972 Lowell George showed me his MXR compressor pedal”: Bonnie Raitt on how she developed her famous slide guitar style “The melodies work so well in this CGDGAD tuning I’ve absolutely fallen in love with this arrangement”: Magic Mike Dawes is at it again – he’s turned a Sleep Token track into a work of solo acoustic guitar genius It was unbelievable”: The making of Robert Palmer's Addicted To Love We may have finally found an entry point to the caves hidden beneath the moon’s surface which could shield future astronauts from dangerous radiation By Leah Crane An illustration of the proposed below-ground shape of Mare Tranquillitatis pit on the lunar surface There is probably a network of caves hidden just below the surface of the moon, and researchers may have finally found an access point. These caves have long been predicted, but until now it has been difficult to prove their existence or find a way for future missions to explore them directly which were taken by NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter in 2010 Using simulations and comparisons to lava tubes on Earth the researchers found that the Mare Tranquillitatis pit seems to lead to a large cave buried at least 130 metres underground The cave seems to be about 45 metres wide and at least 30 metres long Read more Dozens of stars show signs of hosting advanced alien civilisations Caves like this could provide a unique window into the moon’s evolution “Analysing lunar cave rocks that are not altered by the harsh lunar surface environment can provide significant insights into key scientific questions such as the timeline and duration of lunar volcanic activity as well as the actual composition of the lunar mantle,” he says The same stone ceiling that protects cave rocks from the intense radiation experienced at the surface could also provide valuable shielding to future human explorers on the moon “Unlike the lunar surface where the temperature varies dramatically between day and night [the caves] have a stable internal temperature they are also a natural shielding against radiation and impacts,” says Carrer Voyage across the galaxy and beyond with our space newsletter every month Using natural caves like this one as lunar base camps has long been a popular idea so future astronauts may one day call Mare Tranquillitatis home Nature Astronomy DOI: 10.1038/s41550-024-02302-y There was more fear than damage in Lourdes, despite the impressive images of the Grotto of Massabielle flooded by the Gave de Pau — a tributary of the Adour River that runs through the town of Lourdes The shrine was partially inundated by heavy rains at the end of the week with the grotto itself inundated by around 16 inches of water The Chapel of Candles, where pilgrims usually light votive candles Access to the shrine was momentarily restricted “Thanks to the mobilization of the Our Lady of Lourdes Shrine teams the Grotto was able to be cleaned and reopened to pilgrims following the floods that occurred,” announced the shrine the day after the bad weather The statement then expressed satisfaction with the success of its flood protection plan Only the pools remain inaccessible to the public for the time being Pilgrims will be able to visit them again in a few days' time The Chapel of Candles was reopened on the morning of Sunday The baths where the sick are immersed in water from the miraculous spring were inaccessible for four years due first to the COVID pandemic and then to renovations Articles like these are sponsored free for every Catholic through the support of generous readers just like you Please make a tax-deductible donation today Help us continue to bring the Gospel to people everywhere through uplifting Catholic news Home → Science → News Something like this would seem unimaginable for our Homo sapiens species As if Neanderthals weren’t already mysterious enough a new study adds a new layer to our understanding of Neanderthal populations some of them lived in genetic and social isolation for more than 50,000 years conducted on a Neanderthal individual discovered in Grotte Mandrin in Mediterranean France uncovers genetic divergence and highlights the role of isolation in the disappearance of Neanderthals He was dubbed “Thorin,” a reference to a Tolkien character in the Lord of the Rings universe This Neanderthal is among the most well-preserved individuals found in France date back to approximately 50,000 years ago The site’s rich archaeological context provided evidence that Thorin lived during the final millennia of Neanderthal existence But it wasn’t just the discovery of Thorin’s remains that intrigued researchers What made this find particularly significant was the genetic data recovered from his teeth They revealed a story of long-term isolation that had not been previously documented in late Neanderthal populations “The Thorin population spent 50,000 years without exchanging genes with other Neanderthal populations,” says co-first author and discoverer of Thorin CNRS researcher of Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier It’s not like this population was living far away from others either “We have 50 millennia during which two Neanderthal populations living about ten days’ walk from each other coexisted while completely ignoring each other This would be unimaginable for a Sapiens and reveals that Neanderthals must have biologically conceived our world very differently from us Sapiens.” Thorin was found in the same layer as other objects and structures from 40-45,000 years ago so archaeologists estimated that that was Thorin’s age as well But the genetic data suggested that Thorin was very different from Neanderthals who lived in that period and suggested the individual more closely resembled the genomes of Neanderthals who lived more than 100,000 years ago “We worked for seven years to find out who was wrong — archaeologists or genomicists,” says Slimak researchers turned to a third type of information: isotopes isotopes in Thorin’s bones and teeth hold clues regarding the climate in which the individual lived the data showed Thorin was indeed a Late Neanderthal living in a cold climate around forty thousand years ago “This genome is a remnant of some of the earliest Neanderthal populations in Europe,” says population geneticist and senior author Martin Sikora of the University of Copenhagen “The lineage leading to Thorin would have separated from the lineage leading to the other late Neanderthals around 105,000 years ago.” Traditionally, Neanderthal extinction theories have focused on external factors the genetic isolation of Neanderthal groups introduces the possibility that internal factors also played a critical role and inbreeding might have posed an added challenge The lack of interbreeding with other Neanderthal groups or early modern humans could have left isolated populations like Thorin’s vulnerable to extinction Genomic analysis showed high levels of inbreeding Thorin’s lineage appears to have been cut off from other Neanderthal groups for millennia with little to no genetic exchange occurring between these isolated communities likely contributed to the genetic uniqueness of Thorin’s population but it could also be social behaviors that prevented these Neanderthal groups from interbreeding The myth that Neanderthals were unthinking brutes has long been disproven. They appear to have been every bit as intelligent and culturally capable as humans Yet the reasons for their disappearance are all the more mysterious Thorin’s population was not the only isolated Neanderthal group during this period. Other Neanderthals, such as those from the Mezmaiskaya and Chagyrskaya caves in Siberia also show signs of small group sizes and genetic isolation these findings suggest that Neanderthals were not a single cohesive population but rather a collection of fragmented groups This cultural separation could have been another factor in the isolation of Neanderthal populations While early modern humans likely had broader social networks and exchanged ideas and technologies across larger distances Neanderthals appear to have been more limited in their interactions with other groups Thorin’s population represents one of the last groups of surviving Neanderthals in Europe these Neanderthals managed to persist until around 40,000 years ago just before Neanderthals disappeared from the archaeological record The discovery of Thorin’s genome suggests that these final populations were living in increasingly fragmented and isolated communities researchers are beginning to piece together the final chapters of Neanderthal history It is becoming increasingly clear that Neanderthal extinction was not a single event but rather the culmination of many factors Long genetic and social isolation in Neanderthals before their extinction, Cell Genomics (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100593. www.cell.com/cell-genomics/ful … 2666-979X(24)00177-0 © 2007-2025 ZME Science - Not exactly rocket science © 2007-2025 ZME Science - Not exactly rocket science WAITE PARK — It’s a quiet Wednesday morning in September but families are slowly gathering in the worship space of St They genuflect before entering pews to kneel and pray Some of the women and girls wear lacy veils You don’t hear much sound except the creaking of the old pews and the occasional cry or babble from a small child Much of the hour-long Latin Mass — or Traditional Mass The priest speaks in Latin for most of the Mass there is chanting or singing with an organ accompaniment This is a far cry from the highly produced bright and boisterous worship services you can see in other churches and just the perfect way to worship God,” said Jen Grotte Cloud resident and her family try to attend both Latin Masses offered at St Grotte is part of a small but ardent group of Catholics around the world who attend the form of Mass that was performed before the sweeping changes of Vatican II in the 1960s The changes instituted by Vatican II were intended to modernize the church One of the biggest of these changes authorized the use of the common languages of a region critics of Latin Mass say it's not in line with the values of the Catholic Church and its growing popularity highlights schisms in the church between conservative and less conservative factions but priests have to get special permission from their bishop to do so but she did her best to explain why she attends to St The prayers and everything is more stronger Grotte is part of a local traditional Catholic homeschool group where 25-50 children regularly participate “It’s good families that don't want any of the … garbage of the world We believe in glorifying God … through the family is very important,” Grotte said “We're stronger together than as individuals.” Celebrating Mass in both English and Latin is important for Keller and that meets their kind of spiritual nourishment that they desire,” Keller said It’s difficult to say how many people are attending Latin Mass today worldwide But there are indicators that it’s growing in popularity John’s Abbey and associate professor of theology “There’s a real fervor of a really dedicated movement that attracts very few young people very strongly,” Ruff said Ruff has spent his life studying liturgy: Both the pre-Vatican II (or Latin Mass) and the modern form (Vatican II Mass) He said the Latin Mass doesn’t allow for the community’s active participation offering up spoken and silent prayers on behalf of the parish But that doesn’t reflect the values of today's Catholic Church “All members have a role under the leadership of the clergy,” Ruff said “It’s not where the lay people just watch the priests do the whole rite as if (the priests) are the church alone.” the staging of the each kind of Mass is different Keller said he faces the back wall of the church “Facing the tabernacle is a way of symbolizing that we're on a journey together.’ … Think of a tour guide God is in the entire community,” Ruff said Proponents of Latin Mass say they like it because it connects them to worshipers of the past Keller said he likes that the saints he's praying to "would have celebrated this Mass exactly like this “I just believe it's the most reverent Mass that all the saints celebrated,” she said But this idea that Latin Mass is the Mass saints would have known isn’t true “The apostle Paul would not recognize a Latin Mass He wouldn’t even know what rite or perhaps what religion,” Ruff said The modern Mass more closely resembles the rituals of the early church with Latin Mass having roots in the Middle Ages “Vatican II admitted we got away from our earliest tradition and now we’re going to do better,” Ruff said It’s also a myth that the Vatican II reforms drove people away from the church “There was always a very small group that didn’t like Vatican II … so the acceptance was not 100%,” Ruff said Pope John Paul II made an exception that small groups could celebrate Latin Mass But Pope Francis rolled back that expansion leaving churches with the current need for special bishop permission The practice of Latin Mass likely gives people a sense of identity and belonging “It’s very few people who go to the traditional Latin Mass but they can be very dedicated to it,” Ruff said large families with lots of children are really finding something they find valuable .. in a rapidly changing world" that can seem threatening Ruff mentioned culture war issues such as LGBTQ rights and growing diversity might trigger some of these fears But while Latin Mass attendance can sometimes be tied to very conservative beliefs “It seems like people are seeking security in the past,” Ruff said "It’s generally a new discovery for them .. nostalgia for something they didn’t experience.” “The church actually said it in Vatican I that the old Mass needs reforming,” Ruff said “It doesn’t reflect our changed and renewed Catholic faith It does not give a good image to ourselves and others of what the church is.” Metrics details anatomically modern humans appeared in Western Europe to the detriment of indigenous Neanderthal groups It is during this period that new techno-cultural complexes appear such as the Châtelperronian that extends from northern Spain to the Paris Basin The Grotte du Renne (Arcy-sur-Cure) is a key site for discussing the biological identity of its makers This deposit has yielded several Neanderthal human remains in its Châtelperronian levels the last inventory of the paleoanthropological collection attributed to this techno-complex allowed the identification of an ilium belonging to a neonate (AR-63) whose morphology required a thorough analysis to assess its taxonomic attribution we quantified its morphology and compared it to that of 2 Neanderthals and 32 recent individuals deceased during the perinatal period to explore their morphological variation Our results indicate a morphological distinction between the ilia of Neanderthals and anatomically modern neonates Although AR-63 is slightly outside recent variability We propose that this is due to its belonging to an early modern human lineage whose morphology differs slightly from present-day humans We also explore different hypotheses about the presence of this anatomically modern neonate ilium among Neanderthal remains (c) Location of the caves of Arcy-sur-Cure North–south stratigraphic section between the A and B raws of the excavation grid The black star represents the projection of the localization of the perinatal ilium AR-63 discovered in the Xb2 sublayers the discovery of these Neanderthal fossils in layers containing a lot of material with features considered as "typical" of the UP (production of blades ornaments and coloring materials) is a result of inter-stratigraphic disturbances that mixed Mousterian human remains with remains from overlying levels reported to the UP it was emphasized that the movements occurred within the subsets of the same layer these indications of post-depositional movements do not call into question the major stratigraphic subdivisions initially defined and therefore the association of Châtelperronian material with layers X Lateral (left) and medial (right) view of (a) the right ilium (mirrored in left) of AR-63 (b) the left ilium of the perinatal Neanderthal LM2 and (c) the left ilium of a recent perinatal individual (T41) Principal component analysis in shape space of the general outline of the perinatal ilia showing the results of the Neighbor joining computed using Procrustes distances: (a) PC1 and PC2 The red dots represent the recent perinatal sample (RH) the blue dots represent the perinatal Neanderthal sample (HN) and the yellow dot represents AR-63 The black lines between individuals make the link between the nearest neighbors based on the inter-individual closest Procrustes distances Surface warps representing the variation along each component are showed in lateral view at the positive and negative ends of each axis (±5 SD from the mean) the three fossil specimens fall in the middle of the variability of RH LM2 and MZ1 plot outside the RH variation in the negative values MZ1 is the most distant while LM2 is much closer to the RH cluster AR-63 is found on the periphery of the RH variation in the negative values To further explore the position of fossils relative to RH we analyzed their distribution according to PC3 reflecting 10.2% of the total variance (Fig. 4b) we observe that AR-63 and LM2 plot outside the RH variation MZ1 is included within their variability but at the periphery the two Neanderthals plot in negative values at the opposite side of AR-63 plotting in positive values on PC3 we note that the three fossils are all excluded from the variability of the RH with AR-63 which is the closest AR-63 shows the highest positive value and is clearly opposite of the two Neanderthals placed at the minimum end of the negative values with LM2 corresponding to the lowest value The minimal values characterize individuals whose ilia present a greater height relatively to the anterior-posterior length and a concave anterior edge the individuals placed within the maximum values of PC1 have a more extended anterior-posterior length and a straighter anterior edge AR-63, placed at the periphery of the RH cluster, is clearly distinct from Neanderthals by a more anterolateral acetabular area (Fig. 6a), very similar to that of RH (Fig. 7a) but with a less prominent posterior-superior iliac spine than them. the Neanderthals are clearly distinct with MZ1 closer to LM2 than any other specimen The identification of such a trait in ancient hominins and great apes raises the question of the derived or plesiomorphic condition of the orientation of the acetabulum in RH we consider that the more lateral orientation of the acetabulum in Neanderthal neonates testifies to its presence before any biomechanical or postural influences If LM2 clearly appears outside the RH cluster according to PC3 this is not the case for MZ1 which is placed This overlap could therefore indicate a variability of iliac curvature shared between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens This feature will require further research at least by attempting to increase the sample of RH we propose that the shape of the AR-63 ilium represents an AMH morphology therefore closer to the morphology of our RH sample these previous descriptions suggest that the lack of knowledge about the variability of Neanderthal and ancient AMH perinatal ilia does not limit us in our taxonomic interpretation of the ilium of AR-63 If we assume that the integrity of the Châtelperronian levels is as good as that of the underlying Mousterian and those of the overlying UP and that the perinatal ilium is indeed contemporary with the Neanderthal human remains of layer Xb2 then AR-63 would attest the presence of AMH in this area of western Europe during the Châtelperronian period The makers of the Châtelperronian could then be human groups where Neanderthals and AMH coexisted (hypothesis H4) or the GDR could have been occupied alternately by distinct human groups makers of the same techno-complex (hypothesis H5) Clearly different from Neanderthal morphology AR-63 also shows morphological peculiarities such as its very "laterally offset" posterior-superior iliac spine an ancient biologically modern phenotypic expression not previously documented within RH variability a similar phenomenon remains to document for the time period of the Neanderthal replacement in Europe We selected the ilia (left or right, depending on the state of preservation) of 4 highly premature individuals, 32 full-term and newborn individuals and 9 young children (Table 1) AR-63 is a very well preserved right ilium of a perinatal individual with a maximum height of 29 mm and a maximum length of 32 mm the greater sciatic notch is open and forms an obtuse angle Regarding the inferior portion of the ilium the inferior margin of the latter has a convex semicircular morphology the superior delineation of the acetabular area is slightly convex and more open than that of its inferior margin so that the angle formed by the greater sciatic notch of LM2 The morphology of the inferior margin of the acetabular area forms a convex arc relatively similar to that seen in AR-63 the superior outline of the acetabular area of LM2 differs from that of AR-63 with an "elevation" of its posterior half so that the acetabular morphology is “teardrop”-shaped The ilia of 20 individuals (17 left and 3 right) were included in this study Both collections are curated at the laboratory of PACEA laboratory (Bordeaux We then distinguish sub-age groups among the age group of individuals who died during the perinatal period lato sensu: highly premature individuals with mean age-at-death ranging between 24 and 34 completed weeks of amenorrhea slightly premature and full-term individuals with mean age-at-death ranging between 35 and 40 completed weeks of amenorrhea and newborns with mean age-at-death ranging between 41 and 48 completed weeks of amenorrhea In an attempt to place the remains of AR-63 and the two Neanderthal neonate ilia within the morphological variability of RH ilia we undertook a 3D geometric morphometric analysis that required the microtomographic acquisition of these specimens Arcy's ilium was scanned at the Department of Human Evolution of the Max Planck Institute Leipzig (MPI-EVA Germany) using a tabletop micro-CT scanner (SkyScan 1173) with a resolution of 31 μm the RH ilia were scanned at the PLACAMAT platform (UMS 3626 France) using X GE™ V/TOME/X S microtomographic equipment with a resolution of 30 μm Landmarks template applied to a left ilium of a recent perinatal individual. (a) lateral view, (b) medial view, (c) superior view, (d) inferior view. White spheres numbered 1 to 5 correspond to fixed landmarks and black spheres are semilandmarks delimiting the curves described in Table 2 Results of the PCA were visualized by computing extreme shapes on each axis (±5 SD from the mean) The authors declare that all data supporting the conclusions of this study are present in the article and in the supplementary information file The corresponding author is willing to share additional data upon reasonable request The intrusive nature of the Châtelperronian in the Iberian Peninsula Études des restes humains fossiles provenant des grottes d’Arcy-sur-Cure Les découvertes de restes humains dans un horizon castelperronien de Saint-Césaire (CharenteMaritime) La place du Néandertalien de Saint-Césaire dans la chronologie würmienne Technological changes across the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition: Economic In The Human Revolution: Behavioural and Biological Perspectives on the Origins of Modern Humans (eds Mellars Neanderthal symbolism and ornament manufacture: The bursting of a bubble? 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Kiro Cave A genome sequence from a modern human skull over 45,000 years old from Zlatý kůň in Czechia Il riparo di Agnano nel paleolitico superiore: la sepoltura di Ostuni 1 ed i suoi simboli (Terra Les enfants moustériens de Qafzeh: Interprétation phylogénétique et paléoauxologique (CNRS A new look at the end of the Middle Palaeolithic sequence in Southwestern France In Characteristic Features of the Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition in Eurasia (eds Derevianko V.) 102–115 (Institute of Archeology and Etnography Le Moustérien à denticulés: variabilité ou diversité technoéconomique News from the West: A reevaluation of the classical Aurignacian sequence of the Perigord In Towards a Definition of the Aurignacian (eds Bar-Yosef J.) 147–171 (Instituto Português de Arqueologia Etude typo-technologique et spatiale de remontages lithiques de Canaule II site châtelperronien de plein air en Bergeracois (Creysse Apport de l'analyse taphonomique et techno-économique des industries lithiques de trois gisements aquitains de plein air: le Baste Bidart (Pyrénées-Atlantiques) et Canaule II (Dordogne) The Upper Paleolithic nature of the Châtelperronian in south-western France: Archeostratigraphic and lithic evidence La fin du Paléolithique moyen en Poitou-Charentes et Périgord : considérations à partir de l'étude taphonomique et technoéconomique des sites du Moustier (niveaux G a K) et La Roche-a-Pierrot De la fin du Paléolithique moyen aux prémices du Paléolithique supérieur For a cultural anthropology of the last Neanderthals The chronology and taphonomy of the earliest Aurignacian and its implications for the understanding of Neanderthal extinction On the local Mousterian origin of the Châtelperronian: Integrating typo-technological Parure castelperronienne et aurignacienne: étude de trois séries inédites de dents percées et comparaisons The Châtelperronian Neandertals of Cova Foradada (Calafell Spain) used imperial eagle phalanges for symbolic purposes Neanderthals and the modern human colonization of Europe A single-species model for the origins of modern human behavior in Europe Normes et variations de la production lithique durant le Châtelperronien: la séquence de la Grande-Roche-de-la-Plématrie à Quinçay (Vienne) The Châtelperronian conundrum: Blade and bladelet lithic technologies from Quinçay France M.) 95–103 (Muséum national d’histoire naturelle The immature Homo naledi ilium from the Lesedi Chamber Optimal linear estimation models predict 1400–2900 years of overlap between Homo sapiens and Neandertals prior to their disappearance from France and northern Spain Ancient gene flow from early modern humans into Eastern Neanderthals Deeply divergent archaic mitochondrial genome provides lower time boundary for African gene flow into Neanderthals Nuclear DNA from two early Neanderthals reveals 80,000 years of genetic continuity in Europe Reconstructing the genetic history of late Neanderthals Thermoluminescence dating of Le Moustier (Dordogne A comparison of the electron spin resonance and thermoluminescense dating methods: The results of ESR dating at Le Moustier (France) The timing and spatiotemporal patterning of Neanderthal disappearance Recycled bifaces and shifting hunting strategies at Le Moustier and their implication for the late Middle Palaeolithic in southwestern France Neanderthal brain size at birth provides insights into the evolution of human life history An infant cemetery of the Classic Kerma Period (1750–1500 Bc La nécropole 8B51 de l’île de Saï (Province du Nord Provins: une fouille programmée (Seine et Marne) Rencontre autour de la mort des tout petits - mortalité fœtale et infantile Actes de la 2e Rencontre du Groupe d'Anthropologie et d'Archéologie Funéraire Du giron au cercueil: regard bioarchéologique sur la mortalité périnatale ArkeoGazte: Revista de arqueología-Arkelogia aldizkaria 10 Quelle démarche suivre pour estimer l’âge au décès à partir du squelette In Pour un Manuel Pratique de 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A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. http://www.R-project.org/ (2020) In Statistical Shape and Deformation Analysis (eds Zheng geomorph v4.0 and gmShiny: Enhanced analytics and a new graphical interface for a comprehensive morphometric experience Landmark methods for forms without landmarks: Morphometrics of group differences in outline shape In Modern Morphometrics in Physical Anthropology (ed E.) 73–98 (Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Semilandmarks: A method for quantifying curves and surfaces Extensions of the Procrustes method for the optimal superimposition of landmarks Combining the tools of geometric morphometrics Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data: Geometry and Biology (Cambridge University Press Relative warp analysis and an example of its application to mosquito wings Comparison of cranial ontogenetic trajectories among great apes and human Early modern human diversity suggests subdivided population structure and a complex out-of-Africa scenario Download references AG and AS received financial support from the Department of Human Evolution of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (Leipzig We are also grateful to the PACEA laboratory (Bordeaux for having allowed access to its premises for the realization of this work during the Covid-19 lockdown period We thank the Musée national de Préhistoire of les Eyzies-de-Tayac (Dordogne for access to the fossil ilia AR-63 and Le Moustier 2 Temming for providing us with μCT scans of the three fossil ilia Vanderesse for the acquisition of the μCT scans of the RH ilia JH and BM received support from the Research Program of the Nouvelle Aquitaine Region: 2021-2026 ADNER CP received support from the “Fondation des Treilles" via their Young Researcher Prize This research benefited from the scientific framework of the University of Bordeaux's IdEx "Investments for the Future" program and the GPR “Human Past” and is supported by the French CNRS (Environment and Ecology Institut – INEE) Max Planck Institute for Evolutionnary Anthropology Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Austrian Archaeological Institute (OeAI) at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW) Liubov Golovanova & Vladimir Doronichev Chaire Internationale de Paléoanthropologie conducted the geometric morphometrics analysis The writing of the paper has been carried out by A.G All the co-authors reviewed the manuscript The authors declare no competing interests Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39767-2 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science Illinois passed away Tuesday January 31st at his home in Quincy the son of John Barrett  and Evelyn Irene Baker Grotte John graduated from Unity High School in Mendon John Paul Grotte was a proud American who served his country during the Vietnam War as a Sargent in the Marine Corps He served in Vietnam as a “Voice Radio Operator” and earned the Vietnamese Service Medal He enjoyed hunting and collecting Native American Artifacts and was a skilled arrowhead “Knapper” including Suzanna (Kimball) Sprague and Rebecca Grotte He was preceded in death by his parents and a brother Donald Grotte You are invited to share memories of John and leave condolences at www.triplettfuneralhomes.com Metrics details They are found at Early Aurignacian sites of the Swabian Jura in Germany Despite the wide geographical spread of the Aurignacian across Europe these carvings have no contemporaneous counterparts in a layer sandwiched between Aurignacian contexts and dated to c the object bears traces of anthropogenic modifications indicating intentional carving three-dimensional roughness and residues analyses reveal the carving is a fragment of a large ammonite which was modified to represent a caniformia head decorated with notches and probably transported for long time in a container stained with ochre While achieving Swabian Jura-like miniaturization the Grotte des Gorges specimen displays original features indicating the craftsman emulated ivory carvings while introducing significant technical This finding suggests a low degree of cultural connectivity between Early Aurignacian hunter-gatherer groups in the production of their symbolic material culture The pattern conforms to the existence of cultural boundaries limiting the transmission of symbolic practices while leaving space for the emergence of original regional expressions This pattern raises the question of why a specific innovative artistic practice such the production of three-dimensional carvings may quickly become a well-established tradition in one region while not being adopted by neighbouring groups that are otherwise sharing the same cultural adaptation Are we facing differential degrees of connectivity in distinct cultural domains among Early Upper Palaeolithic hunters-gatherers with strong similarities in hunting and domestic technologies drawing (middle) and µCT surface rendering (bottom) of the Grotte des Gorges figurine Site location and geological context of the Grotte des Gorges. Left: Geographic location of the Grotte des Gorges. Right: Vectorized geological map (1:50,000, Sheets ° 196, 1439). Created in QGIS 3.16.1 Hannover (www.qgis.org) from vectors and rasters available on Infoterre BRGM (www.infoterre.brgm.fr) Engravings of Palaeolithic style depicting, among others, megaloceros, horse, proboscidean, and felines, were identified on the cave ceiling and on limestone blocs. Most engraved blocs were found on the surface. Three were uncovered at the interface between US 2 and US 0 (SOM Text S7) A total of 20 bone remains from the Grotte des Gorges were radiocarbon dated (SOM Table S6) The sample from US 3 and another from US 2 level 2 were dated five and four times respectively All ages are older than 32 ka aside from two The first comes from a fragment of a human femur found outside the cave in square N6 within the upper portion of US 2 It yielded an age of 5,620 ± 30 BP (Beta-319487) The second was produced on a fragment of a bison humerus found inside the cave in square G13 It yielded an age of 19,150 ± 170 BP (SacA-25148) The object described in the present study was found in US 3 (SOM Text S8) which is dated between 36,586 and 35,752 cal Considering that the rib which has produced this age range was located 15 cm above the object and that the minimum age of US 4 is 38,989 BP the minimum age of the object should be comprised between 36.5 and 39.0 ka BP The surface of the Grotte des Gorges figurine is covered with funnel-like openings due to the porous nature of the ammonite mould (left linear depressions (white arrows) with fringed outlines are interpreted as eroded imprints of the fossil An oblique natural opening (red arrow) is located between the protuberance and the right edge (right) Traces of grooving. Close-up of the notches arranged radially around the concavity (a) and those present between the protuberance and the left edge of the figurine (white arrows) (b). These modifications result from the to-and-fro movement of an elongated edge. Parallel micro-striations are present inside the notches and suggest the use of a soft, quickly worn cutting edge, such as a limestone flake (c,d). Scales (a,b) = 1 mm. Grinding was applied to flatten protruding ridges between notches located on the left of the protuberance (a) as well as on the tip of the protuberance (b) Localized gouging applied on the tip of the protuberance created a concavity (b) Scales: general view (left) = 5 mm; (a,b) = 1 mm The analysis demonstrates that the surface of the notches stands out in terms roughness while the highly polished area on the protuberance could represent an extreme in variation of the wear recorded for the remainder of the surface including the area below the protuberance interpreted as worked based on microscopic analysis Chemical characterization of red particles present inside the notches arranged radially around the concavity of the Grotte des Gorges figurine. Acquisition location (A) and corresponding SEM spectra (right). Close-up view on the thin polygonal particle “a” (B). EDS reveals spectra “a” and “b” are richer in Fe2O3 than the spectrum “c” mainly composed of SiO2, CaO, Al2O3, and P2O5. Raman spectra of the red particles present inside the notches arranged radially around the concavity of the Grotte des Gorges figurine Representative Raman spectra of the red particles observed in the notches (top) compared with the reference spectra of hematite extracted from the RRUFF database (bottom) width and relative intensity of the measured signal matches the reference spectra for hematite A symbolic use of the object is supported by its small size, unusual raw material, and the absence of traces indicative of a use as tool. The use of fossil ammonite for symbolic purposes is attested in the Aurignacian (SOM Text S9) The deep notches surrounding the natural concavity arranged radially and symmetrically along the main axis of the object demonstrate the will to deliberately modify a natural shape while keeping its overall morphology The natural shape was also modified by enhancing the pointed outline of the protuberance a groove was added to create a symmetry with a similar linear depression present on the opposite side of the protuberance These last modifications evoke the possibility that their production was aimed to represent the muzzle and the natural protrusions on either side of the opposite concavity possibly representing ears The clear differences in surface texture between the highly polished appearance of the snout and the remainder of the surface are consistent with an object transported over an extended period the shiny appearance of the snout being the possible result of localized manipulation The identification of hematite-rich ochre in the notches may originate from the object being transported in an ochred container or from being covered with ochre The former hypothesis is the most likely considering the dark colour of the raw material which absorbs the red colour rather than contrasts with it the reason most likely lies in the structuring and connectivity of Aurignacian communities and the way in which cultural innovations spread between them These patterns conform to the existence of cultural boundaries shaping the transmission of symbolic practices while not preventing cultural contact in the domains of technology and adaptation Emulation refers to the process of learning by focusing on the goals or outcomes of a behavior rather than imitating the specific actions or techniques used to achieve those goals It involves identifying the desired results to achieve and pursue similar goals through their own means Imitation involves replicating the specific actions It focuses on reproducing the behavior itself and can be considered a more faithful reproduction of the model's actions emulation is suggested by the choice of a raw material that has largely determined the final morphology of the figurine and the original way in which deep radial grooves were applied to modify the object Although the final goal is shared between the Grotte des Gorges and the Swabian Jura figurines the means to achieve them differed drastically The identification of these traces was cross validated by three of us (ED Segmentation features present in the infilling was performed manually it was facilitated by differences in density between the material constituting the carving and voids in the infilling The acquired 3D data was used to create an interactive PDF allowing to view the external mesh All data are available in the main text or the supplementary materials The character of the Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition on south-west France in The explanation of culture change: Models in prehistory (ed The revolution that wasn’t: A new interpretation of the origin of modern human behavior Homo erectus at Trinil on Java used shells for tool production and engraving in Lower Palaeolithic small tools in Europe and the Levant (eds An ancient continuous human presence in the Balkans and the beginnings of human settlement in western Eurasia: A Lower Pleistocene example of the Lower Palaeolithic levels in Kozarnika cave (North-western Bulgaria) Trajectories of cultural innovation from the Middle to Later Stone Age in Eastern Africa: Personal ornaments elemental and colorimetric analysis of an engraved ochre fragment from the Middle Stone Age levels of Klasies River Cave 1 120–150 ka human tooth and ivory engravings from Xinglongdong Cave Engraved ochres from the Middle Stone Age levels at Blombos Cave Emergence of modern human behavior: Middle Stone Age engravings from South Africa A Middle Paleolithic engraved artefact from Qafzeh Cave Israel The Middle Palaeolithic occupation of Mar-Tarik a new Zagros Mousterian site in Bisotun massif (Kermanshah Proceedings of the XV World Congress (Lisbon A 51,000-year-old engraved bone reveals Neanderthals’ capacity for symbolic behaviour Engraved bones from the archaic hominin site of Lingjing Early evidence for symbolic behavior in the Levantine Middle Paleolithic: A 120 ka old engraved aurochs bone shaft from the open-air site of Nesher Ramla L’os comme artefact au Paléolithique moyen : Principes d’étude et premiers résultats Early Neanderthal constructions deep in Bruniquel Cave in southwestern France Early Middle Stone Age personal ornaments from Bizmoune Cave Shell beads of the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic: A review of the earliest record In Beauty and the eye of the beholder: Personal adornments across the millennia (eds A review of shells as personal ornamentation during the African Middle Stone Age The emergence of habitual ochre use in Africa and its significance for the development of ritual behavior during the Middle Stone Age The first uses of colour: What do we know? Additional evidence on the use of personal ornaments in the Middle Paleolithic of North Africa U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art A high-precision chronological model for the decorated Upper Paleolithic cave of Chauvet-Pont d’Arc A rock engraving made by Neanderthals in Gibraltar A new Aurignacian engraving from Abri Blanchard France: Implications for understanding Aurignacian graphic expression in Western and Central Europe Palaeolithic ivory sculptures from southwestern Germany and the origins of figurative art Muster und Symbole im Schwäbischen Aurignacien L’art mobilier paléolithique du Trou Magrite dans son contexte stratigraphique Le phallus sculpté de l’abri Blanchard (Sergeac Antiquités nationales (Saint-Germain-en-Laye) 11 The most ancient sites of Kostenki in the context of the Initial Upper Paleolithic of northern Eurasia in The Chronology of the Aurignacian and of the Transitional Technocomplexes: Dating Proceedings of Symposium 6.1 of the XIVth Congress of the UISPP (University of Liège A cladistics analysis exploring regional patterning of the anthropomorphic figurines from the Gravettian in Cultural phylogenetics: Concepts and applications in archaeology (ed L.) 179–202 (Springer International Publishing ChronoModel version 1.5.0: Software for chronological modelling of archaeological data using Bayesian statistics (2019) The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0–55 cal kBP) Revisiting the chronology of the Proto-Aurignacian and the Early Aurignacian in Europe: A reply to Higham et al.’s comments on ecological and environmental reconstructions: A review Giving the early fossil record of sponges a squeeze Carte géologique de la France (1/50 000) no Le Paléolithique supérieur ancien en Belgique Production organization in the early Upper Paleolithic: Ivory tools and ornaments of the French Aurignacian Aurignacian ethno-linguistic geography of Europe revealed by personal ornaments First large-scale provenance study of pigments reveals new complex behavioural patterns during the Upper Palaeolithic of south-western Germany over-imitation and the scope of culture for child and chimpanzee Ratcheting up the ratchet: On the evolution of cumulative culture C.) 80–465 (Geological Society of America & The University of Kansas Press Ammoniten ihr Leven und ihre Umwelt (Ferdinand Enke A new look at the Berekhat Ram figurine: Implications for the origins of symbolism La vie sociale de l’art mobilier paléolithique Travail expérimental de l’ivoire: Sculpture d’une statuette féminine In Méthodologie appliquée à l’industrie de l’os préhistorique 2ème Colloque international sur l’industrie de l’os dans la préhistoire Linear measurements of cortical bone and dental enamel by computed tomography: Applications and problems 3D surface reconstruction using HMH algorithm In 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) 2505–2508 (2009) Time wears on: Assessing how bone wears using 3D surface texture analysis Technological and functional analysis of 80–60 ka bone wedges from Sibudu (KwaZulu-Natal Disentangling carcass processing activities and the state of worked hide from use wear patterns on expedient bone tools: A premilinary experiment Lafuente, B., Downs, R. T., Yang, H. & Stone, N. 1. The power of databases: The RRUFF project. In Highlights in mineralogical crystallography (eds. Armbruster, T. & Danisi, R. M.) 1–30 (Walter De Gruyter GmbH, 2016). https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110417104-003 Download references We wish to thank Aurélien Royer for his constructive feedback on an earlier version of the manuscript This research was funded by the following agencies: Initiative d’Excellence IdEx LD); French government in the framework of the University of Bordeaux’s IdEx “Investments for the Future” program / GPR “Human Past” (Fd’E SapienCE grant # 262618 (Fd’E); ERC Synergy QUANTA (grant #951388); Labex LaScArBx-ANR # ANR-10-LABX-52 (Fd’E These authors contributed equally: Francesco d’Errico and Luc Doyon Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour (SapienCE) École Pratique des Hautes Études-Paris Sciences and Lettres University École de Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales Laboratorio de Análisis e Investigaciones Arqueométricas Excavation: S.D.; conceptualization: F.d’E. L.D.; writing—supplementary online material: F.d’E. Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39897-7 The World Heritage Centre is at the forefront of the international community’s efforts to protect and preserve World Heritage partnerships for conservation Ensuring that World Heritage sites sustain their outstanding universal value is an increasingly challenging mission in today’s complex world where sites are vulnerable to the effects of uncontrolled urban development Our Partners Donate Take advantage of the search to browse through the World Heritage Centre information Located in a limestone plateau of the Ardèche River in southern France the property contains the earliest-known and best-preserved figurative drawings in the world dating back as early as the Aurignacian period (30,000–32,000 BP) making it an exceptional testimony of prehistoric art The cave was closed off by a rock fall approximately 20,000 years BP and remained sealed until its discovery in 1994 which helped to keep it in pristine condition Over 1,000 images have so far been inventoried on its walls combining a variety of anthropomorphic and animal motifs they demonstrate a range of techniques including the skilful use of shading They include several dangerous animal species difficult to observe at that time as well as 4,000 inventoried remains of prehistoric fauna and a variety of human footprints Située dans un plateau calcaire traversé par les méandres de la rivière Ardèche la grotte recèle les plus anciennes peintures connues à ce jour (période de l’aurignacien : entre 30 000 et 32 000 av Cette grotte exceptionnelle qui témoigne de l’art préhistorique a été fermée par un éboulement il y a environ 20 000 ans BP et elle est restée scellée jusqu’à sa redécouverte en 1994 ce qui a permis de la conserver de façon exceptionnelle Leur qualité esthétique exceptionnelle témoigne d’une large gamme de techniques la représentation tridimensionnelle et du mouvement On y trouve notamment des représentations d’espèces dangereuses difficiles à observer pour les hommes de l’époque (mammouths plus de 4 000 restes de la faune du paléolithique et diverses empreintes de pas humains se hallan los dibujos figurativos más antiguos y mejor conservados del mundo Realizados en el Periodo Auriñaciense (esto es estos dibujos constituyen un testimonio excepcional del arte prehistórico un desprendimiento de rocas cerró herméticamente la entrada de la gruta hasta su hallazgo en 1994 lo cual permitió que se conservara en su estado primigenio Hasta la fecha se han podido catalogar más de 1.000 imágenes pintadas en sus paredes con una gran variedad de motivos animales y antropomórficos Su calidad estética es excepcional y su ejecución pone de manifiesto el dominio de toda una serie de técnicas: pericia en el uso de los colores tridimensionalidad y sentido del movimiento Las imágenes muestran diversas especies animales peligrosas y difíciles de observar en esa época (mamuts y también se han hallado unos 4.000 restos catalogados de fauna prehistórica y un variado conjunto de huellas humanas known as Grotte Chauvet-Pont d’Arc is located in a limestone plateau of the meandering Ardèche River in southern France and extends to an area of approximately 8,500 square meters It contains the earliest known pictorial drawings carbon-dated to as early as the Aurignacian period (30,000 to 32,000 BP) The cave was closed off by a rock fall approximately 20,000 years BP and remained sealed until its rediscovery in 1994 as well as a large number of archaeological and Palaeolithic vestiges The cave contains the best-preserved expressions of artistic creation of the Aurignacian people constituting an exceptional testimony of prehistoric cave art In addition to the anthropomorphic depictions the zoomorphic drawings illustrate an unusual selection of animals which were difficult to observe or approach at the time Some of these are uniquely illustrated in Grotte Chauvet As a result of the extremely stable interior climate over millennia as well as the absence of natural damaging processes the drawings and paintings have been preserved in a pristine state of conservation and in exceptional completeness Criterion (i): The decorated cave of Pont d’Arc known as Grotte Chauvet-Pont d’Arc contains the first known expressions of human artistic genius and more than 1,000 drawings of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic motifs of exceptional aesthetic quality have been inventoried These form a remarkable expression of early human artistic creation of grand excellence and variety The artistic quality is underlined by the skilful use of colours the precision in anatomical representation and the ability to give an impression of volumes and movements Criterion (iii): The decorated cave of Pont d’Arc known as Grotte Chauvet-Pont d’Arc bears a unique and exceptionally well-preserved testimony to the cultural and artistic tradition of the Aurignacian people and to the early development of creative human activity in general The cave’s seclusion for more than 20 millennia has transmitted an unparalleled testimony of early Aurignacian art free of post-Aurignacian human intervention or disturbances The archaeological and paleontological evidence in the cave illustrates like no other cave of the Early Upper Palaeolithic period the frequentation of caves for cultural and ritual practices The nominated property comprises the entire subterranean space of the cave of approximately 8,500 square meters and all structurally relevant parts of the limestone plateau above the cave as well as its entrance situation and immediate surroundings These spaces contain all the attributes of Outstanding Universal Value and the property is of adequate size Strict preventive conservation policies including access restrictions have allowed for the maintenance of an almost identical situation to the time of discovery These access restrictions and the continuous monitoring of the climatic conditions will be key factors for the preservation of integrity of the property and for averting potential dangers of human impact The authenticity of the property can be demonstrated by its pristine condition and state of conservation having been sealed off for 23,000 years and carefully treated and access-restricted since its rediscovery The dating of the finds and drawings has been confirmed by C14 analysis as between 32,000 and 30,000 years BP drawing techniques and traces of workmanship date back to this time The rock art as well as the archaeological and paleontological vestiges are free of human impact or alterations The only modification is the installation of completely-reversible stainless steel bridging elements to allow for access to parts of the cave whilst preventing disturbance of floor traces or finds known as Grotte Chauvet-Pont d’Arc is protected at the highest national level as a historic monument the buffer zone benefits from the highest level of national protection since early 2013 The buffer zone accordingly will not permit future development The focus of management is the implementation of a preventive conservation strategy based on constant monitoring and non-intervention Several monitoring systems have been installed in the cave which form an integral part of these preventive conservation efforts Any changes in relative humidity and/or the air composition inside the cave may have severe effects on the condition of the drawings and paintings It is due to this risk that the cave will not be open to the general public researchers and conservators will need to be restricted to the absolute minimum necessary Despite the delicateness of paintings and drawings no conservation activities have been carried out in the cave and it is intended to retain all paintings and drawings in the fragile but pristine condition in which they were discovered The management authorities have implemented a management plan (2012-16) budget requirements and quality assurance indicators The latter will allow for full quality assurance after the cycle of implementation in 2016 following which the management plan will have to be revised for future management processes After it became clear that the cave would never be accessible to the general public the idea of a facsimile reconstruction to provide interpretation and presentation facilities emerged The Grand Projet Espace de Restitution de la Grotte Chauvet (ERGC) was established with the aim of creating a facsimile reconstruction of the cave with its paintings and drawings and a discovery and interpretation area to attract visitors 2025 will be marked by major new cultural events From the anticipated return of an iconic monument to a gigantic artistic project discover the four highlights that will rock Paris in 2025 While Notre-Dame de Paris reopened its doors to the public on 8 December its worksite is not yet completely finished. From summer 2025 visitors will once again be able to climb its towers and admire the gargoyles and breathtaking views over Paris The new tour route also includes viewpoints of the rebuilt spire and framework  READ ALSO: How Victor Hugo saved Notre-Dame de Paris SEE ALSO: Images of Notre-Dame restored Currently located on boulevard Raspail, the Fondation Cartier will pack its bags at the end of 2025 and move to the heart of Paris a stone’s throw from the Louvre Museum in a new building designed by architect Jean Nouvel the Grand Palais closed its doors for a vast restoration and restructuring project to coincide with the Olympic and Paralympic Games the Nave has once again been open to the public but work continues on avenue Winston Churchill allowing visitors to rediscover the Grand Palais in a completely new configuration it will once again host the Palais de la Découverte  ALSO READ: Dive into the poetic universe of Chiharu Shiota at the Grand Palais Christo and Jeann-Claude wrapped the Pont Neuf in 41,800m2 of fabric It was an event that left a lasting impression on all those who were able to attend in collaboration with the Fondation Christo et Jeanne-Claude has come up with Projet Pont-Neuf : the transformation of the Pont Neuf into a grotto this ground-breaking project will enable visitors to admire the grotto by day and night  ALSO READ: The Arc de Triomphe wrapped by Christo and Jeanne-Claude Δdocument.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value" This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.  Learn more recevez le meilleur de Culturez-vous dans votre boite mail 2023 6:01 PM(Credit: Gorodenkoff/Shutterstock)NewsletterSign up for our email newsletter for the latest science newsSign Up Deep in southern France And it has housed Neanderthal and human history for over 100,000 years the cave withstood the hands of time because of its location The mistral — a famous French northwesterly wind that blows in each winter from the Gulf of Lion — has covered the cave with layers of dust frozen in time to preserve what lies beneath It’s also the place where Neanderthals and humans came together in Europe an archaeologist and director of the Grotte Mandrin project Archaeological layers hidden beneath the cave show us that around 50,000 years ago humans made their first incursion into the cave Researchers distinguished the Neanderthal and human remains from each other using the structural morphology of their teeth And they uncovered the exact timing of human incursion based on soot from the roof of the cave Read more: Did Neanderthals Really Live in Caves? we were able to distinguish when the last Neanderthal and the first human fires were built in the cave,” says Slimak Researchers studied the “parietal concretions of the Grotte Mandrin site,” or traces of soot that collect on the roof of the cave after fires to see that Neanderthals and humans lived in the cave within a year of each other As condensation and water run-off inside cracks of the cave formed and fell to the ground in small portions of limestone deposits “Thousands of fragments of soot fell into the archaeological layers of the cave Each time period has a unique thickness in the barcode allowing archeologists to learn when each fire occurred It’s the same way researchers can drill into a tree and obtain its date using the tree’s rings They can also use the unique layers of soot to date human and Neanderthal inhabitation Slimak says his team used the same computer software that a dendrologist would use to study the age of a tree “We were able to show that there were 500 different phases of occupation in the cave,” says Slimak Read more: The Fascinating World of Neanderthal Diet, Language and Other Behaviors Slimak says that there are two indications showing that humans and Neanderthals likely had some interaction the time between the last Neanderthals and the first humans in the cave was short And it seems unlikely that humans slid in and out of the cave without meeting Neanderthals Slimak and his team uncovered the territory of Neanderthals based on where they sourced their flints — rock pieces used in weapon and tool making Neanderthals had already lived in the area for millennia and knew where everything was others from Provence and still others from the western side of the Rhone River Read more: Forensic Anthropology Expands the View on Human-Neanderthal Interbreeding Humans only inhabited the cave for 40 years It seems unlikely they would have known all the information that the Neanderthals knew without some sort of interaction Neanderthals likely provided information about the territory to humans who had come from elsewhere “This is a very large territory and the inhabitants had precise knowledge of all its resources,” says Slimak you can’t know the resources of a territory this large that represents several thousand square kilometers.” Read more: Everyone Has Neanderthal DNA in Their Genome, New Genetic Analysis Shows This is one of the main reasons why Slimak thinks Neanderthals and humans did often communicate They brought bows and arrows that hadn’t been used outside of Africa and the Levant in the Middle East Neanderthals previously used much more primitive spears for hunting We know that Neanderthals and humans shared a cave Neanderthals in the Grotte Mandrin were gone They built their last fires and disappeared The reason behind their demise has long eluded archaeologists And Slimak has spent his career exploring the subject He says that it was most likely “something big and something sudden.” But we still don’t know why because whatever the reason Read more: Why Did Neanderthals Disappear? Register or Log In Want more?Keep reading for as low as $1.99 Subscribe Save up to 40% off the cover price when you subscribe to Discover magazine Longchamp's traditional trials day for the French Guineas has a rich history of pinpointing one or both of the future Classic winners Seventeen years ago her granddam Zarkava took this race en route to a miraculous 2008 season when she went on to dominate the Poule d'Essai leading the Aga Khan to hail her as "the apogee of my career as a breeder" But the daughter of Siyouni remains a wildly exciting prospect having reportedly grown into her already impressive frame during the off-season while trainer Francis Graffard has his string in rude health at this early stage of the year Graffard said: "Zarigana wintered very well and I'm very pleased with her condition She's ready to make her seasonal comeback and it was always the plan to start her in the Grotte "She’s a filly we’ve always liked," said Fellowes "We could be shooting for the stars a little bit she’s strong and I think she’s improved over the winter The son of Hello Youmzain carries the hopes of trainer Mario Baratti who used this race as a springboard to Classic success in the Poule d'Essai des Poulains last season for Metropolitan "He was almost faultless last season and he has grown in strength and maturity over the winter," said Baratti "Barring unexpected rain he'll be racing on the quickest ground he has encountered but he's in good form and I can't wait to get him out on track." Al Shaqab's Sahlan made a deep impression when scoring on his sole juvenile start winning by four lengths on the Deauville Polytrack in November "Sahlan is a horse I really like.," said Graffard I'm trying him in this race to see where we might go in the future He needs to show he stays the mile because his dam was only really a seven-furlong horse but I'm pleased with him and he's ready to go." Victoria Head also has plenty of promising three-year-olds courtesy of her association with Yeguada Centurion and Darius Cen made no mistake when winning the Listed Prix Omnium II at Saint-Cloud last month Looking for free bets? Racing Post have got the best offers, all in one place. Visit racingpost.com/freebets to find out more Published on 12 April 2025inFrance Copyright © 2025 Spotlight Sports Group Limited or its licensors In a new paper published this week in the journal Science Advances, paleoanthropologists report hominin fossils from Grotte Mandrin in France that reveal the presence of anatomically modern Homo sapiens in Europe between 56,800 and 51,700 years ago The discovery indicates that the movement of modern humans into Europe and the overlap with Neanderthals is more complex than previously thought and anatomically modern humans by at least 195,000 years ago The first pulses of early modern humans outside Africa are found in Israel at 194,000 to 177,000 years ago and possibly Greece by 210,000 years ago Modern human remains are documented in East Asia as early as 80,000 years ago modern humans reached Australia by 65,000 years ago their appearance seems to have occurred much later perhaps because of ecological barriers and/or the occupation of the region by Neanderthals The earliest evidence of Homo sapiens settlement in Europe is constrained to around 45,000-43,000 years ago based on five isolated dental remains from three Italian sites and one site in Bulgaria Cultural and anthropological successions in Grotte Mandrin showing the arrival of Homo sapiens in the heart of Neanderthal territories The new evidence from Grotte Mandrin near the town of Malataverne pushes this date back by about 10,000 years “The Mandrin findings document the first clearly demonstrable alternating occupation of a site by Neanderthals and modern humans,” said Professor Chris Stringer a researcher in the Centre for Human Evolution Research at the Natural History Museum “We’ve often thought that the arrival of modern humans in Europe led to the pretty rapid demise of Neanderthals but this new evidence suggests that both the appearance of modern humans in Europe and disappearance of Neanderthals is much more complex than that.” Professor Stringer and colleagues unearthed the dental remains of at least seven individuals in 12 archaeological layers of Grotte Mandrin They identified six of these individuals as Neanderthal but in a layer sandwiched between the Neanderthal layers a deciduous upper molar from a modern human child was found They also uncovered stone tools from the unique Neronian industry which has previously been regarded as a technological anomaly due to its distinctive features and the fact it had been found in between classic Neanderthal Mousterian layers the presence of the modern human molar in the Neronian layer led the researchers to directly link this stone tool industry with Homo sapiens for the first time Neronian points from the Layer E of Grotte Mandrin France: micro- and nanopoints (numbers 1 to 23) you’ve got a really nice sequence dated between about 60,000-40,000 years ago,” Professor Stringer said “In there are Mousterian stone tools made by Neanderthals and then afterwards the appearance of modern humans with the Aurignacian industry.” “The presence of the modern human molar alongside the Neronian is where the story really gets firmed up — both Neanderthal and modern human populations replaced the other several times in the same territory.” The finds from Grotte Mandrin also suggest the Mediterranean basin played a major role in the geographic expansion of modern humans into Western Eurasia “The findings from Mandrin are really exciting and are another piece in the puzzle of how and when modern humans arrived in Europe,” Professor Stringer said “Understanding more about the overlap between modern humans and other hominins in Eurasia is vital to understanding more about their interactions and how we became the last remaining human species.” Science Advances 8 (6); doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9496 Metrics details We present the results of a multi-disciplinary investigation on a deciduous human tooth (Pradis 1) recently recovered from the Epigravettian layers of the Grotte di Pradis archaeological site (Northeastern Italian Prealps) Pradis 1 is an exfoliated deciduous molar (Rdm2) lost during life by an 11–12-year-old child A direct radiocarbon date provided an age of 13,088–12,897 cal BP (95% probability Amelogenin peptides extracted from tooth enamel and analysed through LC–MS/MS indicate that Pradis 1 likely belonged to a male Time-resolved 87Sr/86Sr analyses by laser ablation mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICPMS) were able to resolve his movements during the first year of life (i.e the Sr isotope ratio of the tooth enamel differs from the local baseline value suggesting that the child likely spent his first year of life far from Grotte di Pradis Sr isotopes are also suggestive of a cyclical/seasonal mobility pattern exploited by the Epigravettian human group The exploitation of Grotte di Pradis on a seasonal basis is also indicated by the faunal spectra the nearly 100% occurrence of marmot remains in the entire archaeozoological collection indicates the use of Pradis as a specialized marmot hunting or butchering site This work represents the first direct assessment of sub-annual movements observed in an Epigravettian hunter-gatherer group from Northern Italy to decipher whether the tooth belonged to a male or a female Our results give direct insights into the seasonal mobility strategies of human groups during the Epigravettian providing the only direct assessment for the Late Upper Paleolithic in Northern Italy and lost intra vitam and thus informing on the biological life history of an individual who survived infancy can provide direct first-hand information at high temporal resolution about the life of (pregnant) women and children within the social structure of a post-glacial hunter-gatherer group The Pradis caves are located at 560 m a.s.l. on the Pradis Plateau (eastern side of the Carnic Prealps, NE Italy; Fig. 1). The orographic unit (ca. 850 km2) shows an irregular landscape, characterized by hills and valleys (400 to 800 m deep) and surrounded by mountains up to 2000–2300 m high. (c) Photographic record of Pradis 1 dm2 tooth; scale bar is 2 mm; B buccal Pleistocene sediments filled some of these cavities as Grotte Verdi di Pradis and Grotta del Clusantin Principal component analyses (PCA) of left dm2crown outline of Upper Paleolithic (UPHS) and recent H The green star represents the Pradis 1 (right dm2 mirrored) reconstructed based on the pooled sample mean The Pradis tooth is projected in the PCA plot (PC1 vs Pradis 1 likely belonged to a child of male sex For these reasons we cautiously chose to limit the comparison with archaeological tooth enamel of micromammals selected from the same stratum bearing the human tooth The specimen Pradis 1 is an exfoliated Rdm2 directly dated to 13,088–12,897 cal BP (95% probability) which was lost in life by an 11–12-year-old male child Except for postmortem damage that affected the mesiolingual side of the crown no dental pathologies or antemortem modifications (i.e. Pradis 1 shares features mainly observed in Western Europe RHS such as an enlarged buccal outline that reduces distally ultimately giving the crown a more rounded (i.e. whose bedrock geology for example include Variscan metamorphic rocks or various clastic rock formations and overall suggest that the child was not born in Pradis this suggests that marmots were mostly hunted and consumed around September–October when their fat stores for hibernation peak at the highest levels (a) Time-resolved Sr isotope profile of tooth enamel of Pradis 1 relative to respective results from other North-Italian Middle-Upper Palaeolithic Homo sp.12 but normalized for their respective mean value (c) First order derivative of the 87Sr/86Sr profiles from (a) Compared with other data from Northern Italy concerning different periods and hominin taxa (i.e Pradis 1 shows the largest intra-tooth variability reported so far (Δmax-min =  ~ 0.0015) Box plot representing intra-tooth 87Sr/86Sr data of Northern Italy Neanderthals and UP humans from this study and from Nava et al.12 Data distribution is also reported and color-coded following the palette of the isoscape in the inset Pradis 1 adds a further piece to disentangle the puzzle of human mobility during the Paleolithic period 11–12 years old male child likely spent his first year of life moving across the Northeastern Italian landscape with his mother or during the Bølling–Allerød climatic amelioration (ca Such evidence reinforces our (scant) knowledge on Late Epigravettian mobility patterns providing this first direct assessment of seasonal movements for these hunter-gatherer human groups The µCT image data were semiautomatically segmented using Avizo 9.2 software (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, US), and the 3D models of the dental tissues (i.e., enamel and dentine) were refined in Geomagic Design X (3D Systems Software, Rock Hill, South Carolina, US) to optimize the triangles and create fully closed surfaces (Fig. 2a) Collagen was extracted from the Pradis 1 tooth following the pretreatment protocol described in Fewlass et al.27 for bone/tooth samples < 100 mg Spectra were recorded in transmission mode at 4 cm−1 resolution with averaging of 34 scans between 4000 and 400 cm−1 using Resolution Pro software (Agilent Technologies) The thin section of the dental crown was prepared at the Service of Bioarchaeology of the Museo delle Civiltà in Rome The sectioning protocol consists of a detailed embedding-cutting-mounting procedure that makes use of dental adhesives The tooth was first covered with a thin layer of reversible resin (Crystalbond 509 SPI Supplies) that does not contaminate chemically the dental tissues and which is soluble in Crystalbond cleaning agent (Aramco Products This step allows the removal of the crown from the resin block after thin sectioning to perform the restoration The second embedding in epoxy resin (EpoThin 2 guarantees the protection of the sample during the cutting procedure The tooth was sectioned using an IsoMet low-speed diamond blade microtome (Buehler Ltd) a microscope slide was attached to the exposed surface using the epoxy resin A single longitudinal bucco-lingual thin section The thin section was ground using water resistant abrasive paper of different grits (Carbimet Buehler Ltd) to a final thickness of ~ 150 µm and polished with a micro-tissue (Buehler Ltd) and diamond paste with 1 µm size (DB-Suspension The thin section was imaged with a transmitted light microscope (Olympus BX 60) under polarized light Overlapping pictures of the dental crown captured through a digital camera (Nikon DSFI3) were assembled in a single photomosaic using the software ICE 2.0 (Image Composite Editor Microsoft Research Computational Photography Group) Any minor residual variability in 84Sr/86Sr is likely due to Kr-background variations not fully accounted for by the extended on-peak baseline measurement in view of elevated Kr-contamination of the plasma-support gas Ar on the day of analysis First order derivatives of the Sr isotope profiles over time (Fig. 5) were obtained using R Derivatives were calculated after resampling the 87Sr/86Sr profiles at one-day resolution Repeated measures of NBS987 yielded an 87Sr/86Sr value of 0.710243 ± 0.000018 (2 SD; n = 8) All values were normalized to an NBS987 accepted value of 0.710248 Total laboratory Sr blanks did not exceed 200 pg Early Alpine occupation backdates westward human migration in Late Glacial Europe Pleistocene mitochondrial genomes suggest a single major dispersal of non-Africans and a Late Glacial population turnover in Europe L’Epigravettiano recente nell’area prealpina e alpina orientale In L’Italia tra 15 000 e 10 000 anni fa cosmopolitismo e regionalità nel tardoglaciale: atti della tavola rotonda (Firenze F.) 39–94 (Museo Fiorentino di Preistoria & EDIFIR (Studi di Archeologia Preistorica Il versante meridionale delle Alpi durante il Tardiglaciale e l’Olocene antico: mobilità sfruttamento delle risorse e modalità insediative degli ultimi cacciatori-raccoglitori Lo sfruttamento dello stambecco nel Tardiglaciale di Riparo Dalmeri (TN): il livello 26c In Studi di archeozoologia in onore di Alfredo Riedel (eds Tecchiati the most common prey species at Grotta del Clusantin: Insights from an unusual case-study in the Italian Alps Strontium isotope evidence of Neanderthal mobility at the site of Lakonis Evidence for dietary change but not landscape use in South African early hominins Suspected limited mobility of a Middle Pleistocene woman from Southern Italy: Strontium isotopes of a human deciduous tooth Strontium and stable isotope evidence of human mobility strategies across the Last Glacial Maximum in southern Italy and tools: New insights into early Neanderthal mobility strategies in South-Eastern France from lithic reconstructions and strontium isotope analysis Tooth Development in Human Evolution and Bioarchaeology (Cambridge University Press Elemental signatures of Australopithecus africanus teeth reveal seasonal dietary stress Ca isotopic analysis of laser-cut microsamples of (bio)apatite without chemical purification Enamel mineralization and compositional time-resolution in human teeth evaluated via histologically-defined LA-ICPMS profiles Territorial exploitation in the Tyrrhenian Gravettian Italy: The case-study of Bilancino (Tuscany) Tracing human mobility in central Europe during the Upper Paleolithic using sub-seasonally resolved Sr isotope records in ornaments Exploring late Paleolithic and Mesolithic diet in the Eastern Alpine region of Italy through multiple proxies Mobility in Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic Europe: evidence from the lower limb Deux clavicules de marmotte épigravettiennes incisées provenant des grottes Verdi de Pradis (Alpes italiennes) Marmot hunting during the Upper Palaeolithic: The specialized exploitation at Grotte di Pradis (Italian pre-Alps) Accuracy of laser-ablation (LA)-MC-ICPMS Sr isotope analysis of (Bio)apatite: A problem reassessed Pretreatment and gaseous radiocarbon dating of 40–100 mg archaeological bone Sex determination of human remains from peptides in tooth enamel Enamel peptides reveal the sex of the Late Antique ‘Lovers of Modena’ Le più antiche culture preistoriche della Ladinia (Paleolitico e Mesolitico) Experimental and archaeological data for the identification of projectile impact marks on small-sized mammals Scoring produces for key morphological traits of the permanent dentition: The Arizona State University dental anthropology system In Advances in Dental Anthropology (eds Kelley An evaluation of lower molar trigonid crest patterns based on both dentine and enamel expression Formation and resorption of three deciduous teeth in children Brief communication: The London atlas of human tooth development and eruption and tooth shape of the lower second deciduous molar and first permanent molar Sex-related morbidity and mortality in non-adult individuals from the Early Medieval site of Valdaro (Italy): The contribution of dental enamel peptide analysis Bone Collagen Quality Indicators for Palaeodietary and Radiocarbon Measurement “Here we go again”: the inspection of collagen extraction protocols for 14C dating and palaeodietary analysis Neonatal lines in the enamel of primary teeth-A morphological and scanning electron microscopic investigation Disentangling diagenetic and biogenic trace elements and Sr radiogenic isotopes in fossil dental enamel using laser ablation analysis Strontium isotope stratigraphy: LOWESS version 3: Best fit to the marine Sr-isotope curve for 0–509 Ma and accompanying look-up table for deriving numerical age The characterization of biologically available strontium isotope ratios for the study of prehistoric migration Agricultural lime disturbs natural strontium isotope variations: Implications for provenance and migration studies Bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr in different environmental samples: Effects of anthropogenic contamination and implications for isoscapes in past migration studies Sampling Plants and Malacofauna in 87Sr/86Sr Bioavailability Studies: Implications for isoscape mapping and reconstructing of past mobility patterns Shallow retardation of the strontium isotope signal of agricultural liming-implications for isoscapes used in provenance studies Cervical and crown outline analysis of worn Neanderthal and modern human lower second deciduous molars A strontium isoscape of Italy for provenance studies Monthly mobility inferred from isoscapes and laser ablation strontium isotope ratios in caprine tooth enamel Climate warming and vegetation response after Heinrich event 1 (16 700–16 000 cal yr BP) in Europe south of the Alps Willow smoke and dogs’ tails: Hunter-gatherer settlement systems and archaeological site formation Wißing, C. et al. Stable isotopes reveal patterns of diet and mobility in the last Neandertals and first modern humans in Europe. Sci. Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41033-3 (2019) 2008 “Strontium isotope evidence of Neanderthal mobility at the site of Lakonis Quantitative analysis of X-ray microtomography images of geomaterials: Application to volcanic rocks Pore3D: A software library for quantitative analysis of porous media A late Neanderthal tooth from northeastern Italy Taxonomic differences in deciduous lower first molar crown outlines of Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis Improving the spatial orientation of human teeth using a virtual 3D approach Analysis of the dental morphology of Plio-Pleistocene hominids A geometric morphometric analysis of hominin upper first molar shape Comparison of dental measurement systems for taxonomic assignment of first molars Morphometric analysis of the hominin talus: Evolutionary and functional implications A 3.8-million-year-old hominin cranium from Woranso-Mille Adams, D. C., Collyer, M. L., Kaliontzopoulou, A. & Baken, E. Geomorph: Software for Geometric Morphometric Analyses. R Package Version 3.3.2. https://cran.r-project.org/package=geomorph (2021) Morpho and Rvcg-Shape Analysis in R: R-Packages for geometric morphometrics In Statistical Shape and Deformation Analysis 217–256 (Elsevier High-accuracy methodology for the integrative restoration for archaeological teeth by using reverse engineering techniques and rapid prototyping The PRIDE database and related tools and resources in 2019: Improving support for quantification data enzymatic and spectroscopic characterization of “collagen” and other organic fractions from prehistoric bones Quality controlled radiocarbon dating of bones and charcoal from the early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) of Motza (Israel) Evaluation of possible contamination sources in the 14C analysis of bone samples by FTIR spectroscopy Sponheimer, M. et al. Saving Old Bones: a non-destructive method for bone collagen prescreening. Sci. Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50443-2 (2019) MAMS: A new AMS facility at the Curt-Engelhorn-Centre for Achaeometry the accelerator mass spectrometer dedicated to 14C recently installed in Aix-en-Provence Development of small CO2 gas measurements with AixMICADAS Diet and health in Central-Southern Italy during the Roman Imperial time Initial performance metrics of a new custom-designed ArF excimer LA-ICPMS system coupled to a two-volume laser-ablation cell Testing miniaturized extraction chromatography protocols for combined 87Sr/86Sr and δ88/86Sr analyses of pore water by MC-ICP-MS In situ high spatial resolution 87Sr/86Sr ratio determination of two Middle Pleistocene (c.a 580 ka) Stephanorhinus hundsheimensis teeth by LA–MC–ICP–MS Modelling last glacial cycle ice dynamics in the Alps A stratigraphic framework for abrupt climatic changes during the Last Glacial period based on three synchronized Greenland ice-core records: Refining and extending the INTIMATE event stratigraphy Download references Filippo Genovese is thanked for the help during LC-MS analyses The ‘Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Modena’ is acknowledged for funding the UHPLC-ESI-Q Exactive system at the Centro Interdipartimentale Grandi Strumenti (CIGS) Two anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for their constructive comments on our manuscript Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences Institució Milà i Fontanals de Investigación en Humanidades Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IMF - CSIC) Section of Prehistoric and Anthropological Sciences Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” LINXS – Lund Institute for advanced Neutron and X-ray Science Frankfurt Isotope and Element Research Center (FIERCE) wrote the paper with significant inputs from A.N. and S.B.; all the authors reviewed and commented the manuscript; F.L. performed the histomorphometry analyses; H.F. performed the sex estimation through LC–MS; R.S. performed the dental morphology analyses; L.M produced the archaeological framework and coordinated archaeological excavations at Pradis; W.M. Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12193-6 Sign up for the Nature Briefing: Microbiology newsletter — what matters in microbiology research Strike Life Tributes 2016 at the Veterans Hospital in Minneapolis A celebration of life service will be held at 11 A.M August 12th at Long Lake Lutheran Church with Rev Friends and family may gather 1 hour before the service at the church  Military honors will be provided by the Isanti VFW Post 2735 He will be laid to rest in the Minnesota State Veterans Cemetery in Little Falls memorials are preferred to the East Central Minnesota Vietnam Veterans of America Chapter 684 Wisconsin to Leonard and Joyce (Baker) Wood  He was adopted and raised by John and Evelyn Grotte in Quincy 1966 and would serve in the military for 20 years They lived in several places over the years because of his military career After his Army discharge they lived in Aurora Francis in 1986 where they have since made their home Don was a past Post Commander of the Isanti VFW Post 2735 and the “The Military Order of the Cooties” He was a member of Vietnam Veterans of America and was active in the Isanti County Yellow Ribbon program Don enjoyed going camping and was very active in many volunteer activities Don passed away at the Veterans Hospital in Minneapolis on August 8 Besides his parents he was preceded in death by his sister Wendy (Chris) Baumgardt of Nowthen; 6 grandchildren John Paul Grotte of Quincy; and by many other relatives and friends He was always there with a helping hand….no matter the cost….he had so much experience and knowledge that he willingly shared with those who sought it out…..he will be fondly remembered and greatly missed where he and Betty were packing up their house to move to Minnesota with my Mom and Dads help As apart of the neighborhood kid clan we were down stairs perhaps playing one of the last games to be packed up enjoying each other’s company for the last time Don and Betty came down talking about making sure the next homeowners take care of the house as well as they did After about a month the new owners had moved in and repainted the house an ugly green All I could think was that Don would not approve of his house being this color and I kept it a secret even when would visit and he’d ask I would just talk about the yard or plants being moved hugs and prayers for Betty and family during this journey of your loss Don was a great help for me when I got back from Afghanistan I admired his willingness to help other veterans whether it was organizing trips to visit the folks at the Vet’s Home Video Copyright © 2025 Strike Life Tributes a two-mile promontory projects into the water At the very end of it lie the ruins of a large Roman villa The oldest part of the structure dates back to the first century B.C. but most of the villa was built about 100 years later and over time it was incorporated into the city walls of Sirmione Catullus describes his return to a home in Sirmione which led 14th century scholars to believe that the villa on Lake Garda was the country house of the famous poet as most of the villa was built after Catullus' death the place became known as the Grottoes of Catullus It became a popular destination for scholars and nobles The complex was renovated in the 20th century and it is now a museum and archaeological site. Some areas in and around the villa have yet to be excavated. It is considered one of the most impressive examples of Roman villas in northern Italy the villa consisted of two large residential areas with a garden in between Surrounding the villa are a number of olive groves the harvest of olives has been used to produce Grotte di Catullo extra virgin olive oil visitors can get access to the Grotte di Catullo archaeological area with Archaeological Museum of Sirmione and the Roman villa in Desenzano del Garda.  This amazingly well-preserved villa just outside Pompeii boasts rare examples of ancient Roman paintings this lesser-known Roman villa was the opulent vacation home of Emperor Nero's wife Deep in the countryside lie the remains of one of the grandest Roman dwellings in Britain The Roman Emperor's lost summer home and grotto full of enormous sculptures sit along the Italian seashore One of the world's best-preserved Roman amphitheaters is also one of the most unusual; it's made of black volcanic rock One of the major cities of Late Roman provinces An excavation site that signified Hercules in Pula and a glimpse into the city's Roman history One of the best examples of a Byzantine period monument in Albania Enter your phone number above to have directions sent via text This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. Designed by local naval architects OSK-ShipTech and built by Hvide Sande Shipyard in compliance to Bureau Veritas class rules The steel-hulled newbuild runs entirely on batteries making it the first fully electric ferry in the Molslinjen fleet Propulsive power is provided by two Danfoss Editron motors that each produce 375 kW which are located on either end of the vessel each drive a Schottel STP190 375kW thruster This arrangement enables the ferry to cruise comfortably at 11 knots The vessel's Corvus Orca Energy lithium-ion batteries have a total capacity of 1,107 kWh which the supplier claims will enable the ferry to achieve CO2 emissions reductions of as much as 2,214 tonnes for each year of operations A Scania 453kWe auxiliary engine is also fitted Charging of the batteries is done automatically once the ferry berths at its homeport of Esbjerg which features a dedicated shore facility with a total power capacity of up to 2,600 kW Establishing a connection between the ferry and the shore facility takes only 20 seconds and the batteries can be fully charged in as little as seven minutes This allows charging to be safely done even while the ferry is off- and on-loading passengers and vehicles and this capability will then lead to faster turnarounds Molslinjen opted for all-electric propulsion on Grotte as the vessel's route will also pass through a portion of Denmark's famed Wadden Sea a UNESCO World Heritage Site that is known for its many beaches Molslinjen chief engineer Ole Berg-Hansen added that the electric propulsion also ensures significantly quieter operations compared to the conventionally-powered ferries in the company's fleet Grotte joins two other Fanolinjen ferries – Fenja and Menja which both belong to the same series as Grotte but are powered by conventional engines that run on reduced-emission biofuel – in serving the Esbjerg-Fano route that carries around 1.8 million passengers every year Molslinjen plans to acquire additional all-electric ferries to serve its other routes throughout western Denmark partly to accommodate the growing number of tourists from Germany Click here for the other news, features and reviews comprising this month's Passenger Vessel Week.