Wanted in RomeMagazine Italy on Sunday marks the 16th anniversary of the 6.3-magnitude earthquake that struck the city of L'Aquila in the early hours of 6 April 2009 The earthquake left thousands of people homeless and devastated more than 50 villages in the central Abruzzo region in the deadliest terremoto to hit Italy since the 1980 Irpinia earthquake On Saturday night local residents held the traditional torchlit procession through the streets of L'Aquila and a huge blue beam of light was projected into the sky from the central Piazza Duomo once for each person that died under the rubble with works to reconstruct some buildings in L'Aquila still underway 16 years after the city was devastated by the deadly earthquake L'Aquila is currently preparing to become Italian Capital of Culture 2026 a prestigious year-long title it will obtain next January Wanted in Rome ™ is member of the Wanted World Wide Ltd network.Click here to find out more about our Network or Follow us on social networks © 2025 / 2026 Wanted World Wide LTD Network This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page From mountain-farmed food to wine that’s been perfected over 2,000 years What most people don’t know is that this central region level with Lazio but on the Adriatic Coast Its mountainous hinterlands sink down into rolling hills topped with Renaissance towns and plaited with vines while the Adriatic Sea sparkles in the distance This wild territory—still home to bears and wolves in parts—is a place where nature rules Earthquakes have leveled settlements throughout the centuries but generation after generation of Abruzzesi have rebuilt Those deeply set roots make it the perfect place to experience an Italy far from the tourist mayhem: a place where food traditions are centuries-old where mountain plants are magicked into feisty drinks and where you can go from bear-spotting in the mountains to wine-tasting near the beach in a matter of hours Here’s what not to miss in this region where the wilderness is never far away While tourists fulfill their sweet dreams of tasting torrone tenoro al cioccolato (soft chocolate nougat); the Province of L’Aquila (in the Abruzzo region) also offers visitors a window into Renaissance-era traditions People in period costumes attend a Knightly Joust or Giostra Cavalleresca seen here in Sulmona Abruzzo's sweet-toothed capitalIn a wide enjoys one of Italy’s most extraordinary city settings Although it was devastated by an earthquake in 2009 and signs of rebuilding are still ever-present it’s an important visit for anyone wanting to understand Abruzzo and the tenacious character of Italy’s quake-prone central regions The city is home to important churches, including the Baroque Basilica di San Bernardino, swaggering over the historic center, and Romanesque-Gothic Santa Maria di Collemaggio, in parkland just outside. It’s also home to one of Italy’s most intriguing museums, MUNDA—where medieval wood sculptures terracotta statues and Renaissance paintings are displayed in L’Aquila’s former slaughterhouse an ancient village huddled on a plateau that sometimes appears to hover above the clouds Known for its wool production since Renaissance times it’s one of countless rural Italian towns and villages that emptied out as residents emigrated for a better life in the 19th and early 20th centuries from pork neck smothered in a sweet fig sauce to giant ravioli stuffed with local sheep ricotta and swirled in a sauce laced with saffron cultivated in Abruzzo’s mountain highlands Most visitors on a wine pilgrimage to Italy will head to Tuscany or Piedmont—but that may be changing Abruzzo was named “region of the year” by Wine Enthusiast magazine in 2022 for its eclectic terroir unspooling from the mountains towards the Adriatic Sea It’s best known for its feisty Montepulciano (also called Montepulciano d’Abruzzo) reds and heady Cerasuolo rosés (made from the same grape) while its Pecorino white wine is also becoming increasingly popular the first vineyard to produce sparkling Trebbiano and Pecorino whites Abruzzo’s real wine hub lies in the Chieti province, inland from capital Pescara—known for its wine since Roman times, around 80 percent of the region’s vineyards are here. The Di Nunzio family have been producing wine for four generations at La Vinarte and offer regular tastings as well as picnics amid the vines and atmospheric olive groves (Related: These are the must-see sights of Italy's Veneto region.) Families in towns along the Trabocchi Coast have converted fishing traboccos into atmospheric restaurants for patrons to enjoy the local bounty and the incredible views of the sea.Photograph by Francesco Vaninetti Photo Getty ImagesRoam the national parksRoughly a third of Abruzzo’s territory is protected as national parks and nature reserves—drive around and it feels like the towns and villages are slotted discreetly into the pristine landscape The territory here runs the gamut from mountainous (Parco Nazionale del Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga which comprises no fewer than three mountain ranges) to the fauna-filled Parco Nazionale d’Abruzzo meals are swilled down with a shot of genziana a bitter but refreshing digestif made from the roots of the gentian flower which grows in abundance on the mountainsides You’ll find it in restaurants and bars across the region In the hills outside the Silente-Velino nature reserve, south of L’Aquila, Liquorificio d’Abruzzo brews genziana as well as other liqueurs from Abruzzo herbs and roots Visitors can visit the distillery and then taste the boozy wares—try the santoreggia liqueur made from the thyme-like herb of the same name The 24-mile crescent of coastline between Ortona and Vasto is named the Trabocchi Coast for its most famous residents: bizarre fishing platforms cantilevered over the boulder-filled waters Gussied up with nets galore and levers for sinking them into the water these spindly trabocchi look like spiders mid-spin of their webs Local fishing families built them from the 1700s onwards to cast their nets beyond the rocky coastline; today most families have converted them into atmospheric restaurants where guests cross a rickety catwalk from the shore to eat the spoils of the sea as waves crash below and seagulls hover expectantly One of the loveliest is the fairy-lit Sasso della Cajana where the Verì family serve up local dishes from anchovies sprinkled with chilli flakes to pasta topped with the catch of the day Work it off the next day with a walk or cycle along the biking path that runs the whole way along the Trabocchi Coast (Related: 7 must-do experiences in Italy's stunning Lombardy region.) Europe’s bear populations have almost all been extinguished but some of the continent’s last remaining animals live in Abruzzo’s vast stretches of mountain wilderness There are around 50 Marsican brown bears living in the Parco Nazionale d’Abruzzo Lazio e Molise—the national park straddling three Italian regions The Abruzzo side is the best place to have a chance of seeing them taking in mountain villages and jawdropper landscapes as well as tracking the bears Perched on a hillside overlooking the Adriatic Sea Vasto was the Renaissance-era seat of the d’Avalos family whose fiefdom sprawled over much of southern Italy The cloister and Neapolitan-style gardens with their sweeping views whisk you back to the time of Vittoria Colonna one of the Renaissance period’s most famous poets and the muse of Michelangelo who spent time here when she married into the family better known as the Pelino Confetti Museum—a private museum owned by one local producer which has been making the treat since 1783 Sulmona’s other medieval masterpiece is its extraordinary which has been swishing fresh water through the center of town since 1256 Fill up at the Renaissance-built Fontana del Vecchio fountain when the sugar load gets too much a mountain lodge and restaurant that specializes in hearty mushrooms truffles and meat from the mountains beneath whose ragged peaks it sits Abruzzo isn’t simple to reach—Pescara airport only sees budget airlines on European routes. It’s easiest to fly to Rome or Naples, both a three-hour drive away. Trains from Rome take a minimum of three-and-a-half hours to either Pescara or L’Aquila (for once, Trenitalia’s slower regional trains have direct There’s a picturesque train line down the Trabocchi Coast Sextantio Santo Stefano di Sessanio is the ideal introduction to Abruzzo its rooms carved out of long-abandoned houses and lovingly prepared menus are an immersion into the region’s long-held traditions Wine-lovers can sleep immersed in nature at Tema Relais, part of Tenuta Masciangelo which produces high-quality wine and olive oil between the Maiella National Park and the beaches of Francavilla al Mare Watch your inbox over the next few days for photos captured in mistnet on the outskirts of Wanang village their jelly matrix will limit ventilation to the egg masses starving out especially dense eggs like this (La Jolla Castor canadensis."},"title":"Where does vanilla flavoring come from The silken case itself is visible with the greyish material (a mix of caterpillar saliva and silk) the first black man to make it to the top of the country and western music field From Twenty Hand-Coloured Prints after Original Paintings of Famous American Thoroughbreds by Edward Troye (1808–1874) image: 11 3/8 x 14 15/16 in.","ttl":"2B0GHKP.jpg"},"title":"The life of Lexington used to make tequila on the grounds of the Fortaleza Tequila Distillery."},"title":"Visit Jalisco The Haenyeo make a living out of harvesting the sea floor catching conch They freedive to depths of 20 meters and hold their breath for minutes But the Haenyoe is an endangered 'species' the sea was abundant with them – around 30.000 of them would take to the sea almost daily they hardly number 5000 and more than two-thirds are over 60 years old Here are a few experts love."}],"topicName":"Lifestyle"},"rightpromo":{"id":"2c88edf9-e45c-48a7-a57e-3c8667c53fbc","cmsType":"TileGridModule","tiles":{"id":"drn:src:natgeo:unison::prod:441fde9e-010c-4a0c-a09d-296ee7cb9690","href":"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/lifestyle/article/best-compact-cameras","cmsType":"ArticleNavTile","ratio":"4x3","title":"The 10 best compact cameras for travel In addition to visiting historic landmarks and national parks travelers should consider a journey around the region to explore its diverse culinary scene Read on to find out how to do it all.","credit":"Photograph by seraficus mountainous terrain of Abruzzo.","crdt":"Photograph by seraficus Getty Images","dsc":"The charming medieval village of Villa Santa Maria,in Abruzzo Italy.","ttl":"GettyImages-471339133","rchDsc":{"markup":"The charming medieval village of Villa Santa Maria,in Abruzzo Citta Alta with Duomo di Bergamo and Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore in Bergamo The convictions by an Italian judge of four scientists, two engineers and a government official for manslaughter in the deaths resulting from the L'Aquila earthquake in 2009, which killed over 300 people, have stunned the scientific community The seven experts were part of the National Commission for the Forecast and Prevention of Major Risks that was held in L'Aquila six days before the magnitude 6.3 earthquake struck The experts weren't convicted for not correctly predicting the large quake, but for downplaying the risks of a large quake due to the smaller swarm quakes that were occurring at the time The prosecution's position was that due to "incomplete, imprecise and contradictory\ statements about the risk of a major earthquake, residents of L'Aquila remained inside their homes instead of going outside when the earthquake struck, which led to greater loss of life AAAS member Enzo Boschi, a geophysicist at the University of Bologna and at the time of the earthquake president of Italy's National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology is one of the seven, all of whom were sentenced to prison for six years—two years longer than the prosecution requested Because no prison time is served until at least one appeal is concluded, the experts remain free The fallout has begun, with several members of the Italian government disaster assessment body resigning their positions because of the convictions AAASMC asked AAAS Fellow Mark Zoback, professor of geophysics at Stanford University, about the verdict and its impact on the scientific community AAASMC: Do you think this verdict will chill the efforts of scientists around the world in trying to predict and mitigate risk in the future, or do you think this verdict is an aberration?Mark Zoback, Professor of Geophysics at Stanford University: This is a very sobering event, and I think everyone who deals with the public in the context of natural hazards and the risks to the public will look at this event and worry deeply about what they can and should be saying Most of us are trying to provide accurate information to the public and to characterize the risk in the context of scientific information to the best of our ability Assuming that's what our Italian colleagues were doing, that we've seen this punishment meted out for them trying to deal honestly with the situation is extraordinarily worrisome AAASMC: It appears the conviction wasn't for failure to predict a large quake, but for downplaying the risk of a major earthquake after a swarm of smaller quakes Can you discuss the significance of a swarm to the occurrence of a large earthquake?Zoback: Swarms are a sequence of many relatively small- to moderate-sized earthquakes without there being a large event It's common for them to occur without a larger event I'm assuming the opinions among the individuals involved were that this was a swarm like many other swarms that characterize the region Most of those swarms were not associated with a larger event AAASMC: In 2010, there was an article in The Guardian about Italian scientist Giampaolo Giuliani who said he predicted the large quake a few days before by reading higher levels of radon gas emissions Is there any scientific merit to such a claim?Zoback: It has been claimed that measuring radon gas could be useful in predicting earthquakes; however, all of the serious scientific investigations that have looked at this claim have failed to show any reason for promise or merit in this hypothesis It has occurred, but where reputable scientists have looked at these kinds of claims, they have not been borne out It is not surprising that a group of scientists were not endorsing this kind of prediction It's really an unfortunate coincidence that this occurrence was in fact associated with a big earthquake and many people were killed AAASMC: What's the buzz in the scientific community as a result of this case Is there any talk of being more cautious with predictions and risk mitigation in the future?Zoback: I think what's probably going to happen is that there will be panel discussions and public forums among scientists on this topic It's too soon for any kind of organized thinking and response, but I think that will be forthcoming Many people are potentially affected by this How we communicate the possibility of a low probability but high impact event is a very difficult topic to discuss in a concise way, in a way that the public can understand it AAASMC: Do you think this opens the door for scientific liability in predicting other natural disasters such as hurricanes or tsunamis, for example?Zoback: I think it opens a very dangerous door It looks as if it's not so much about prediction of events, but prediction of potential consequences of events We don't know if we'll ever be able to predict earthquakes, but we do have responsibility for accurately communicating earthquake risk to the public In this case in hindsight, it is clear that the earthquake occurred and the risk had not been accurately communicated That was done by a group of individuals who were trying to act responsibly, but in this case they happened to be wrong If that's the standard to which scientists are held, if you can't act responsibly, and sadly, sometimes be wrong, how can anyone ever express a scientific opinion This affects severe weather prediction, flooding, landslides, drought; various natural hazards exist, and these are complex systems We rely on our scientific knowledge and best judgment, and occasionally, we will be wrong But being wrong is not a criminal offense when we are using our best scientific judgment and trying to serve the public as best we can Our ability to provide a voice for scientists and engineers and to advance science depends on the support from individuals like you Give together we can be a united voice for scientific progress. Join Metrics details The traditional optimization approaches suffer from certain problems like getting stuck in local optima thus requiring reliance on single-based solutions an Improved Aquila Optimizer (IAO) is proposed which is a unique meta-heuristic optimization method motivated by the hunting behavior of Aquila An improved version of Aquila optimizer seeks to increase effectiveness and productivity IAO emulates the hunting behaviors of Aquila elucidating each step of the hunting process The IAO algorithm contains innovative elements to boost its optimization capabilities It combines a combination of low flight with a leisurely descent for exploitation contour flying with brief gliding attacks for exploration and controlled swooping maneuvers for effective prey capture IAO was compared using 23 classical optimization functions The achieved results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms various champion algorithms the proposed algorithm is applied to five real-world engineering problems The achieved results prove effectiveness in diverse application domains The key findings of the research work highlight IAO’s resilience and adaptability in solving challenging optimization issues and its importance as a strong optimization tool for real-world engineering applications Convergence curves compare the speed of proposed algorithms with selected algorithms for 1000 iterations Time complexity analysis shows that the best time is 0.00015225 which is better as compared to other algorithms also Wilcoxon ranksum test is carried out to calculate the p-value is less than 0.05 rejecting the null hypothesis The research emphasizes the potential of IAO as a tool for tackling real-world optimization challenges by explaining its efficacy and competitiveness compared to other optimization procedures via comprehensive testing and analysis To investigate various regions of the search space during the diversification phase the algorithm then focuses on locating the optimal response inside the search space the effectiveness of an MH optimization algorithm depends on finding a balance between the inclinations towards exploration and exploitation For the method to be effective and efficient in addressing optimization problems the proposed Improved Aquila Optimizer (IAO) a unique meta-heuristic optimization method motivated by natural events It seeks to increase effectiveness and productivity Rigorous validation of the proposed IAO algorithm is conducted using a comprehensive set of benchmarks comprising 23 classical functions and 5 real-world problems the potential of IAO as an effective tool for resolving a variety of optimization problems is analyzed both in theoretical and practical contexts where the optimization process begins with a population of possible solutions These solutions are generated stochastically inside the specified issue’s upper bound (UB) and lower bound (LB) Every iteration uses the best solution found so far as an approximation of the optimal answer Where Xi stands for the decision values (positions) of the ith solution and represents the set of possible solutions that might be randomly discovered using Eq. (2) Dim is the size of the problem’s dimensions and N is the total number of viable solutions in the population The process of generating potential solutions makes use of the problem’s ${j_{th}}$ dimension’s lower limit ($L{B_j}$) and upper bound ($U{B_j}$) as well as a random number generator ($rand$) The exploration and exploitation steps might be handled by the AO algorithm in different ways depending on this condition: if $t \leqslant \frac{2}{3}*T$ the exploration steps will be initiated; if not Algorithm 1 presents the working mechanism of our proposed model The overall work has been carried out in a series of steps from 1 to 38 Algorithm 1: Improved Aquila Optimizer (IAO) and the machine is equipped with 16GB RAM and an Intel Core i5 CPU operating at 3.10 GHz This configuration guarantees a solid and trustworthy evaluation of IAO’s performance in contrast to other cutting-edge optimization techniques A detailed comparison of the suggested Improved Aquilla Optimizer (IAO) with the Aquilla Optimizer and eleven other well-known algorithms can be found in Table 5 The study shows that the suggested IAO performs consistently better than all other algorithms The IAO shows its superiority by producing noteworthy results throughout F1 especially for uni-modal functions (F1-F7) While PSO exhibits favorable performance for F6 only the IAO excels in all multimodal functions (F8–F13) except for F8 Regarding functions with fixed dimensions (F14–F23) the IAO demonstrates superior performance in nearly 14 functions achieving comparable results in six functions and GOA in conjunction with SSA show promising results in one function each This comprehensive analysis underscores the efficacy of the proposed IAO across diverse optimization scenarios In Table 6 we compare our proposed algorithm with recent algorithms namely they are Effective Butterfly Optimizer using Covariance Matrix Adapted Retreat Phase (EBO with CMAR) self-optimization approach for L-SHADE incorporated with eigenvector-based crossover and successful-parent-selecting framework L-SHADE−CnEpSi optimization algorithm and LSHADE (Lévy Search Adaptive Differential Evolution with Success-History based Parameter Adaptation) Graphical representation of parameter space convergence curve and search space trajectory of all solutions The results were obtained using a Lenovo IdeaPad 3 laptop equipped with an Intel i5 3.10 GHz processor To further evaluate the efficiency of the IAO it was tested on a cascaded 31-level H-Bridge multilevel inverter and five other real-life engineering problems These additional assessments not only validate the robustness of the IAO across diverse optimization scenarios but also highlight its applicability in addressing complex real-world challenges To compare the proposed algorithms with the mentioned algorithms the convergence curves are provided with different dimensions the main purpose of carrying out the analysis is to test whether the improved Aquila optimizer has the capability of searching the global minimum for uni-modal and multi-modal benchmark functions The complexity of the problem increases with the dimension of the problem the convergence curves are shown for 1000 iterations with dimensions d = 10 It can be easily observed that the convergence curves are clearly showing how fast the algorithm reaches the global minimum with iterations Figure 2 below depicts the convergence curve for improved Aquila optimizer, gazelle optimizer, PSO, GWO, Ant-lion optimizer, SCA, WOA, and Aquila optimizer for 10 dimensions. Convergence curves for Uni-modal and Multi-modal functions for Improved Aquila optimizer WOA and Aquila optimizer for 10 dimensions As the analysis is done for uni-modal and multi-modal benchmark functions the convergence rate concerning iterations can be observed through these curves Figure 3 Convergence curves for Uni-modal and Multi-modal functions for Improved Aquila optimizer, Gazelle optimizer, PSO, GWO, ALO, Sine cosine algorithm, WOA, and Aquila optimizer for 30 dimensions. below depicts the convergence curve for improved Aquila optimizer Figure 4 Convergence curves for Uni-modal and Multi-modal functions for Improved Aquila optimizer, Gazelle optimizer, PSO, GWO, ALO, Sine cosine algorithm, WOA, and Aquila optimizer for 50 dimensions. Figure 5 Convergence curves for Uni-modal and Multi-modal functions for Improved Aquila optimizer, Gazelle optimizer, PSO, GWO, ALO, Sine cosine algorithm, WOA and Aquila optimizer for 100 dimensions. To compare the speed of proposed algorithm with selected algorithms mean time and worst time is provided after analysis Wilcoxon test is carried out to verify the significant level of proposed algorithms with the selected algorithms The significance level is determined using p-values obtained after carrying out Wilcoxon-Ranksum test From Table 7 it can be easily observed that the improved aquila optimizer outperforms many selected algorithms as it has p-value less than 0.05 which rejects the null hypothesis Now here GWO and SCA are showing that they are not statistically significant as the p-value is more than 0.05 The 31-level H-Bridge multilevel inverter with cascaded design represents a sophisticated power electronics topology designed to meet the increasing demand for applications requiring high power and voltage As a key component in modern power conversion systems this inverter architecture offers several advantages including improved voltage waveform quality and enhanced efficiency compared to conventional inverters By utilizing multiple H-bridge modules cascaded in series each capable of independently controlling voltage levels the 31-level inverter achieves precise voltage synthesis with minimal switching losses This technology finds extensive applications in renewable energy systems highlighting its significance in advancing the efficiency and performance of modern power electronics The output voltage waveform’s CHB multilevel general equation is as follows: where Vo(t) is the output voltage waveform w is the fundamental frequency of the resulting waveform and Vdc k is the DC voltage input of the kth H-bridge module N is the number of H-bridge modules in the inverter The exploration of “Harmonics” delves into a fundamental aspect of power electronics and mitigation strategies associated with harmonic distortions arising as unwanted frequencies in electrical systems present significant challenges to the performance and reliability of power conversion devices like multilevel inverters Strong mitigation strategies are crucial to maintaining the reliability and efficiency of power distribution networks since these distortions raise losses and interact with delicate electronic equipment Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is a critical metric in assessing the quality of electrical power It measures how much of an electrical signal’s harmonic distortion is present concerning its fundamental frequency and interference with sensitive electronic devices accurate measurement and mitigation of THD are essential to ensure the reliable operation of power distribution networks By monitoring and managing THD levels effectively ultimately enhancing the overall efficiency and reliability of electrical grids as specified by international standards such as IEEE 519 is crucial for delivering high-quality power to consumers and maintaining the dependability of electrical networks $THD=\frac{{\sqrt[2]{{{\text{sum}}\;{\text{of}}\;{\text{squares}}\;{\text{of}}\;{\text{all}}\;{\text{harmonic}}\;{\text{frequencies}}\;{\text{except}}\;{\text{the}}\;{\text{fundamental}}\;{\text{frequency}}}}}}{{{\text{Fundamental}}\;{\text{frequency}}}} \times 100$ this section aims to offer valuable insights and solutions to address these complex engineering challenges Design problem (Design_1) for three-bar truss engineering P = 2KN/${\text{c}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{2}}}$ $\sigma$ = 2 KN/${\text{c}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{2}}}$ Problem of optimal design: speed reducer (Design_2) Engineering problem: an optimal design for a gear train Subject to; $12 \leqslant {t_1},{t_2},{t_3},{t_4} \leqslant 60$ Cantilever beam optimal design issue comparison (Design_4) $0.01 \leqslant {t_1},{t_2},{t_3},{t_4},{t_5} \leqslant 100$ Design challenge for I-Beam optimum engineering design (Design_5) Herein we propose an Improved Aquilla Optimizer (IAO) This algorithm emerges as a formidable optimization algorithm outshining existing alternatives across various domains Through rigorous testing on classical benchmark functions consumer electronics issues like Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and five real-world engineering challenges the IAO consistently demonstrates its efficiency and effectiveness The proposed algorithm is tested for speed through time complexity analysis and convergence curves comparison In addition to proving the superiority of the proposed algorithm the Wilcoxon ranksum test is also conducted where GWO and SCA were not statistically significant rest were outperformed by the proposed algorithm Its ability to yield promising results while maintaining stability and convergence underscores its versatility and reliability By surpassing other algorithms and exhibiting prowess in tackling diverse optimization problems the IAO stands as an asset in engineering and scientific endeavors The best time obtained for the proposed algorithm is 0.00015225 s which is quite competitive and even better than most cases The p-value obtained after carrying out the Wilcoxon-ranksum test also confirms the superiority e.g when compared with EBO with CMAR the p-value obtained is 0.036 which rejects the null hypothesis and confirms that the results are significantly better for the proposed algorithm The extensive validation process highlights its robustness and adaptability positioning it as a preferred choice for optimization tasks in numerous fields further refinement of the IAO algorithm promises even greater capabilities opening doors to advancements in optimization theory and practice The main open research question after the study remains to shift from exploration to exploitation which may further provide the even better version of Aquila optimizer and the problem of remaining stuck in local optima which somewhat is addressed but still the scope of further improvement remains With its demonstrated superiority and potential for continued enhancement the IAO is poised to make significant contributions to the optimization landscape driving innovation and progress across a broad spectrum of applications and practitioners looking to tackle challenging optimization problems confidently and precisely its adaptability and efficacy make it a potential choice Data is provided within the manuscript or supplementary information files Novel pareto-based meta-heuristics for solving multi-objective multi-item capacitated lot-sizing problems A novel pareto-based multi-objective vibration damping optimization algorithm to solve multi-objective optimization problems Across neighborhood search for numerical optimization Henry gas solubility optimization: a novel physics-based algorithm A new optimizer using particle swarm theory Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Micro Machine and Human Science 3943 Ant system: optimization by a colony of cooperating agents A powerful and efficient algorithm for numerical function optimization: artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm Multi-verse optimizer: a nature-inspired algorithm for global optimization Socio evolution & learning optimization algorithm: A socio-inspired optimization methodology A comprehensive survey of the harmony search algorithm in clustering applications Modern meta-heuristics based on nonlinear physics processes: a review of models and design procedures Firefly algorithms for multimodal optimization In International Symposium on Stochastic Algorithms 169178 Cuckoo search algorithm: a metaheuristic approach to solve structural optimization problems Salp swarm algorithm: a bio-inspired optimizer for engineering design problems Moth-flame optimization algorithm: a novel nature-inspired heuristic paradigm Marine predators algorithm: a nature-inspired metaheuristic Lion optimization algorithm (loa): a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm Grasshopper optimization algorithm: theory and application A novel nature-inspired algorithm for optimization: Squirrel search algorithm Golden eagle optimizer: a nature-inspired meta heuristic algorithm Differential evolution-a simple and efficient heuristic for global optimization over continuous spaces Krishan Arora, A., Kumar, V. 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In 2017 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), Donostia, Spain 1835–1842 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/CEC.2017.7969524 Download references This research was supported by the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2024R244) School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering School of Computer Science and Engineering College of Computer and Information Sciences wrote the main manuscript text and Syed Immamul Ansarullah.Hussain AlSalman The authors declare no competing interests Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79577-8 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article Sign up for the Nature Briefing: AI and Robotics newsletter — what matters in AI and robotics research Pope Francis will visit the tomb of Celestine V Photo: Benedict XVI during his visit to L'Aquila in 2009 ©CNS photo/L'Osservatore Romano via Reuters Translation of the article into Italian Translation of the article into English In a few weeks, Pope Francis will make a new tripThis time to L'Aquila This will officially begin the celebrations of the so-called "Celestinian Pardon" in the basilica of Santa Maria di Collemaggio Pietro Angeleri was elected Pope under the name of Celestine V in the presence of more than two hundred thousand people he granted the gift of plenary indulgence to "all those who had devoutly visited the same basilica "from the Vespers of August 28 to the Vespers of the 29th" The formal bull from the papal chancellery arrived a month later and the following year the first solemn feast was celebrated A sort of "jubilee ante litteram" dedicated to forgiveness since the first real Holy Year was instituted in 1300 by Boniface VIII The authenticity of the Bull of Pardon has been questioned several times over time at the time of the general revision of all plenary indulgences counted that of Celestine V at the top of the official list The central concepts of this precious document are peace Today they resonate with more timeliness than ever precisely because of the events of war that are also shaking Europe And it is significant that the last trip Pope Francis made was to Canada precisely to reconcile the Church with the native peoples of those lands The trip to L'Aquila takes on an additional meaning of rebirth after the disastrous earthquake of 2009 razed its historic center The visit of Pope Francis is also a stimulus for the populations still struggling to regain the normality of ordinary life after a private visit to the city's cathedral the Pontiff also greeted the families of the earthquake victims in the parvis Francis will also be the first pontiff in history to open the Holy Door that inaugurates the acts of the Pardonanza and it is representative that he does so when he has made mercy a cornerstone of his pontificate will reach the whole world as a city that proclaims the message of Forgiveness a message that must see us engaged as protagonists with works and our witness," commented in recent days Cardinal Giuseppe Petrocchi who has led the diocesan community of L'Aquila since 2013 The program of the visit The Pope's message has at its center "the spiritual and cultural dimension of an event that should aim at the essential" having forgiveness as its "fundamental nucleus" the Celestinian Perdonanza is a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Subscribe to Omnes magazine and enjoy exclusive content for subscribers 'On the road with the Bank of Italy' will be in L'Aquila This is the twentieth stop of the initiative aimed at promoting financial awareness encouraging dialogue between the central bank and explaining the work of Banca d'Italia in the service of the country all the initiatives scheduled during these two days are free of charge The other events scheduled for 28 November are: From 9 am to 1 pm, the L'Aquila branch of Banca d'Italia will open its doors to the public, with an open day that will include financial education workshops and guided tours to better understand the services offered by Banca d'Italia. Book here At 3.30 pm, again at the Banca d'Italia branch, it will be time for the seminar 'Beware of scams! If you know them, you avoid them'. Citizens will be able to understand how to defend themselves from fraud related to online payments and digital banking services. Experts from the Banking and Financial Ombudsman (ABF), Banca d'Italia, the Guardia di Finanza, and the Police will participate. Book here At 5.30 pm, at the 'Luigi Zordan' conference centre of the University of L'Aquila, the event 'Women matter' will be dedicated to financial education for women. Experts, academics, trade unionists and representatives of the Soroptimist Association will speak. Book here the event 'The economy of the green transition' will take place at the I.I.S an online course for school students will be presented prepared by Banca d'Italia and the Polytechnic of Milan with a focus on the transition to a sustainable economy A short summary of the main event on 'Facing the structural challenges of the Italian economy' can be viewed here Home » 130 years of cinema on exhibition at Palazzo De Marchis in L'Aquila In 2025 we will celebrate 130 years since the birth of cinema and the L'Aquila Film Institute "La Lanterna Magica" proposes the exhibition "130 Years of Cinema" in L'Aquila in the ground floor rooms of Palazzo De Marchis 1895 is the date that marks the birth of cinema in the "Salon Indien" of the Grand Café on Boulevard des Capucines presented the first public screening of their film "La sortie des usines" the Film Archive Center of "La Lanterna Magica" unveils some precious finds from its collections including a series of original figurines for the costumes of some films that have marked the history of Italian and international cinema the Film Institute pays tribute to Sandra Milo one of the most popular divas of Italian cinema with a showreel that recounts the highlights of her career made timeless by the meeting with Federico Fellini thanks also to the contribution of the Carispaq Foundation It will also be possible to see the first film in history "Le Dirigeable Fantastique" of 1906 by George Méliès An animated video by Tomek Bagiński will then tell the magic of cinema: "The Kinematograph" selected for an Oscar nomination for best animated short film The exhibition "130 Years of Cinema" will be open until 15 January 2025 from 10:00 to 12:30 and from 16:00 to 19:30 The L'Aquila Film Institute "La Lanterna Magica" is among the institutions that benefits from the state contribution for the three-year period 2024 - 2026 granted for the cultural relevance of the activities carried out Service II – Cultural Institutes secretary Published personal data can be reused only under the conditions stipulated by the EU directive 2003/98/CE and by the Legislative Decree 36/2006 Metrics details The use of antiplatelet therapy (APT) is prevalent among the general population We provided updated figures on the incidence and prognosis of first-ever intracerebral hemorrhage occurring on APT (APT-ICH) over 10 years in a population-based stroke registry and investigated the rates of inappropriate APT prescription We included all cases of first-ever ICH not on anticoagulants from January 2011 to December 2020 in the district of L’Aquila (Southern Italy) Indication to APT was adjudicated according to 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for cardiovascular prevention One-hundred-forty-two APT-ICHs (56.6%) occurred in patients without clear indications to APT While the incidence of non-APT-ICH decreased over time APT-ICH showed higher 30-day and 1-year case-fatality rates versus non-APT-ICH (44.7% versus 25.6% APT intake was independently associated with higher 30-day case-fatality (HR 1.51 Our findings suggest that APT-ICH exhibits sustained incidence over time and elevated mortality Urgent initiatives are needed to enhance adherence to established guidelines for APT use This effort has the potential to mitigate the risk of ICH and to reduce the associated mortality In our study we aimed to provide updated figures on the incidence and prognosis of first-ever ICH occurring on prior APT over 10 years in a population-based stroke registry and to investigate the rates of inappropriate APT prescription We included only patients experiencing their first-ever ICH excluding those with a history of previous strokes/TIA and those with hemorrhagic transformations of cerebral infarctions ICH cases occurring on anticoagulation were excluded when the last intake of anticoagulant occurred within the last 48 h of ICH we excluded patients with primary subdural or epidural hematomas or hemorrhage related to a tumor were also excluded We monitored both inpatient and outpatient healthcare services to detect any ICH event All cases were initially recognized by a senior physician within 7 days of symptoms onset and subsequently verified by a consulting neurologist Admission and discharge records were also examined we conducted a thorough review of patient records that exhibited symptoms potentially indicative of differential diagnoses We extended our surveillance to encompass neighboring hospitals and we included clinical data for all patients who died with an ICH diagnosis whether their information was not already included in the registry Comprehensive identification and follow-up was ensured by hot and cold pursuit Demographic and clinical information was systematically collected by reviewing medical records and securely stored in a computerized database in a completely anonymous form by utilizing Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) We recorded data regarding medical history cardiovascular and neurological assessments we assessed the clinical severity at the onset of ICH using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score we evaluated disability or dependence in daily activities by means of the modified Rankin scale (mRS) score we adjudicated the mRS score both prior to the occurrence of the index event and at the time of discharge with the latter evaluation separately reported for the overall population and for those who survived at discharge All outcomes were assessed by the treating physician without blinding to APT status Definitions of vascular risk factors are detailed in Supplemental Table 1 (Supplemental Table 2) we categorized patients with APT-ICH into two groups: recommended (R-) and not recommended (NR-) APT R-APT-ICH was defined if any of the following conditions were met: (1) a history of prior myocardial infarction or revascularization; (2) symptomatic lower extremity artery disease; (3) diabetes mellitus and a high risk of ASCVD Given that our data collection did not encompass laboratory results we were unable to calculate the 10-year risk of ASCVD we determined that APT was appropriate for individuals with diabetes mellitus if they presented with at least two of the following conditions: age ≥ 65 years there were no cases on APT for the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke or TIA We provided an analysis of the global incidence rate based on catchment population for non-APT and APT-ICH and its trend over the 10-year observation period To assess the incidence trend and determine confidence intervals (CIs) for the incidence rates The Incidence Rate Ratios (IRRs) were calculated based on a Poisson distribution under the assumption of constant event-rates We provided separate figures for patients with NR-APT-ICH Descriptive statistics are provided in terms of absolute numbers with accompanying percentages or as mean values ± standard deviation (SD) Continuous and categorical variables were compared using either the Wilcoxon test or the Pearson 2 test We established a two-sided statistical significance level at P < 0.05 We reported 30-day and 1-year case-fatality rates as numbers and percentages with associated confidence intervals (CIs) The overall survival following the index event was estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves and differences between various groups were assessed using the log-rank test Univariate estimates of hazard ratios for factors influencing the 30-day and 1-year case-fatality rates were calculated using Cox regression analysis we performed a multivariate Cox regression analysis including variables with statistical significance < 0.05 to identify independent predictors of 30-day and 1-year case-fatality in the overall population we cross-referenced patients’ treatment records to enhance data completeness For Cox regression analyses involving continuous variables missing values were imputed using the median of the respective variables All statistical analyses were performed using R software From January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2020, we identified 748 first-ever ICH of whom 142 were excluded because occurring on anticoagulation. Among 606 patients with non-anticoagulants-related ICH, 251 (41.4%) were APT-ICH. (Fig. 1) All patients were hospitalized, and hospitalization settings did not differ across subgroups. AC: anticoagulation; APT: antiplatelet; ICH: intracerebral hemorrhage; LASR: L’Aquila Stroke Registry; NR: not recommended; R: recommended As compared to patients with non-APT-ICH, those with APT-ICH were significantly older (79.7 ± 9.5 versus 70.4 ± 15.3 years, p < 0.001 Table 1) A second brain NCCT was performed in 70.9% and 70.4% with APT-ICH and non-APT-ICH after a median time of 1 (IQR 0–1) days from admission (p = 0.786) Patients with APT-ICH had a significantly higher frequency of hematoma expansion at the second brain NCCT than those with non-APT-ICH (35.5% versus 20.8%; p = 0.001) Incidence trends of APT-ICH and non-APT-ICH APT: antiplatelet; ICH: intracerebral hemorrhage; PY: person-years Kaplan Meier estimates of 1-year survival probability after APT-ICH and non-APT-ICH APT: antiplatelet; ICH: intracerebral hemorrhage; p: log-rank test p-value Shaded areas indicate 95% confidence intervals 56.6%) occurred in patients who did not meet the ESC 2021 recommendations for the use of APT in cardiovascular prevention (NR-APT-ICH) Baseline characteristics ofR-APT-ICH and NR-APT-ICH patients are reported in (Supplemental Table 7) We found an increasing trend in the incidence of R-APT-ICH (P for trend = 0.028) while the incidence of NR-APT-ICH remained stable throughout the study period (P for trend = 0.925) 1 Thirty-day and 1-year case-fatality rates were similar betweenR-APT-ICH and NR-APT-ICH patients Supplemental Tables 9 and the Kaplan-Meier estimates indicated comparable overall survival Our study provides an updated account of the epidemiology and outcomes of APT-ICH over a decade in a well-defined population mostly composed by non-Hispanic white individuals Around 40% of all ICH occurred in APT users While the incidence of non-APT-ICH significantly decreased over time the incidence trend of APT-ICH was stable over the study period APT-ICH is associated with a worst prognosis in terms of fatalities as compared to those non-APT-ICH over half of APT-ICHs occurred in patients who were receiving APT beyond current recommendations for primary or secondary prevention of ASCVD thus leading to a relevant number of potentially evitable fatalities the decision to use aspirin for primary prevention should be approached on an individual basis considering an accurate evaluation of the balance between risk and benefit the stable incidence of NR-APT-ICH in our cohort may suggest that the selection of patients who are prescribed with long-term APT by treating physicians did not improve over years Strengths of our study include the well-defined population of ICH patients and the long-term insight into ICH trends as provided by our 10-year span of investigation Given the population-based design of our study we assume that our results can be generalized to the non-Hispanic white population of Western countries we applied standardized criteria for ICH on a population of 2,983,430 person-years it is possible that some cases of ICH were not identified due to early fatalities or a lack of medical attention we addressed these concerns by conducting a thorough search for cases from multiple sources our definition of APT-associated ICH included all patients taking AP drugs within 96 h of the onset of ICH or other potential factors contributing to ICH we tried to establish appropriateness of APT use but several guidelines form different societies with changes over time To provide a rough estimate we selected the 2021 ESC guideline We cannot exclude that by applying criteria from other guidelines figures would have been different our dataset did not provide the means for a precise estimation of the 10-year risk of ASCVD in our cohort the appropriateness of APT was determined based on the presence of additional risk factors we were also unable to identify patients on APT who had indication because of asymptomatic coronary artery disease we cannot rule out the possibility that APT was actually appropriate for some of these patients we cannot rule out the possibility of confounding by indication when comparing outcomes between APT-ICH and non-APT-ICH groups patients prescribed APT likely had worse cardiovascular health than those not on APT and this underlying difference may have influenced their outcomes independently of the effects of APT While we adjusted for various confounders in our multivariate regression model this inherent difference in health status may not have been fully accounted for potentially leading to residual confounding in our analysis all outcomes were adjudicated by the treating physician without blinding to APT status which may have influenced the assessment of certain measures we did not document the percentage of patients who underwent more intensive bundle of care for ICH acute management nor did we collect data on the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments it is local practice to maintain such treatments until consensus is reached between the treating physician and the patient’s caregiver the use of median imputation for missing data in Cox regressions can be considered as a limitation of the study we recorded only a small number of missing values in NIHSS on admission (< 5%) APT-ICH emerges as a substantial concern within the population exhibiting a sustained incidence over time in contrast to the overall decline in ICH rates APT-ICH is linked to a considerably elevated mortality rate Urgent initiatives are needed to enhance adherence to established guidelines for APT use to mitigate inappropriate use of APT in primary prevention This effort has the potential to not only mitigate the risk of ICH but also reduce the associated mortality research is needed to identify safe and effective treatments for arresting bleeding in patients with APT-ICH The complete dataset used for this study will be shared upon reasonable request from any qualified researcher to the corresponding author Li, Y. et al. 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JAMA 321 (3), 277–287. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.20578 (2019) Download references Matteo Foschi and Raffaele Ornello contributed equally to this work Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit of Avezzano-Sulmona Federica De Santis & Berardino Orlandi drafted the manuscript and created tables and figures designed and coordinated the study and revised the manuscript for intellectual content majorly contributed to data retrieval and revised the manuscript for intellectual content the study has obtained approval from the Ethical Committee of the University of L’Aquila (protocol numbers 13/2018 and 57/2019) All subjects gave written informed consent for being included in the study Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81526-4 Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science Leggi in italiano Workers check the damages at the church of San Bernardino after the earthquake that hit the city in April 2009 Seismologists debate whether it’s possible to recognize when small earthquakes are really foreshocks preceding a stronger event. Now a team from Italy and Germany has re-analysed the seismic activity that preceded the magnitude-6.1 earthquake that hit L’Aquila on 6 April 2009 to check whether the amplitude and energy of small foreshocks showed different patterns from the normal background seismicity that occurs all year Their conclusion does not suggest that the April 2009 event could have been predicted but it identifies a new parameter that could help study seismic sequences and identify potential that a large earthquake is imminent “Our biggest problem is that we will never be able to be on the source when an earthquake strikes” sophisticated networks have been developed that improve scientists’ ability to observe phenomena in the Earth's crust by accessing large volumes of data at the European level “For the L’Aquila sequence we had the advantage of looking at a very big dataset and we knew in advance what was the seismicity background and what were the foreshocks,” he says both leading up to and immediately after the main shock They focussed in particular on two parameters: the seismic moment that is essentially a measure of an earthquake’s size that measures the dynamic and friction properties of the rupture They introduced a parameter of their own design that measures the relationship between seismic moment and radiated energy They found that for the week before the 6 April 2009 earthquake the measure of EI deviates significantly from the background seismicity signalling the onset of the activation phase of the main shock The authors suggest that in the future EI may be combined with other parameters for a nearly real-time monitoring to intercept the preparatory phases of earthquakes and improve hazard estimates “Several authors have investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake in central Italy but the study of Picozzi and colleagues has examined the seismological features of a well-defined foreshock sequence prior to the magnitude- 6.1 earthquake in a novel manner” an expert on earthquake dynamics at the University of Plymouth “For EI to be considered as a forecasting method for large earthquakes it would be essential to repeat this study for earthquake swarms or clusters of microseismicity that do not lead to mainshocks and for mainshocks that do not have such a clearly defined foreshock sequence” “A better understanding of the possible underlying physical mechanisms of these seismological observations would help clarify the causal link between foreshocks and mainshocks.” doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d43978-022-00057-6 Download references HT is an interdisciplinary research institute created and supported by the Italian government whose aim is to develop innovative strategies to pr.. UNIL is a leading international teaching and research institution with over 5,000 employees and 17,000 students split between its Dorigny campus Department of Energy and Environmental Materials and advance cancer research in a leading translational institute Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute We are seeking a tenure-track associate professor to promote interdisciplinary research in nanoprobe life sciences or related interdisciplinary field At the conclusion of Sunday's celebrations in L'Aquila Pope Francis presided over the rite of opening of the Holy Door of the Basilica of Santa Maria in Collemaggio marking the 728th Celestinian Pardon. The "Perdonanza Celestiniana" (Celestinian Pardon) is a historical-religious event held annually in L'Aquila between 28 and 29 August accompanied by other celebrations during the last week of August. The celebration was established by Pope Celestine V in 1294 with the issue of Papal Bull "Inter sanctorum solemnia" also known as the Bolla del Perdono (Bull of Forgiveness) in which he granted a plenary indulgence to anyone who visited the basilica of Santa Maria di Collemaggio from the Vespers of August 28 to those of 29 August The event is a precursor of the universal Jubilee of the Catholic Church established by Pope Boniface VIII in 1300 Pope Francis knocked on the Holy Door three times with a staff made of olive wood and the doors were opened for all to process inside He then spent time in prayer before the tomb of Pope Celestine V before exiting and greeting the faithful inside and outside the Pope returned to Rome with the events concluding by around 12:30 Pope Francis offered the following prayer: rich in mercy and great in love who grants to the Church this time of penance and forgiveness so that she might have the joy of being interiorly renewed by the work of the Holy Spirit while remaining a sign of salvation and redemption in the midst of the world deign to respond to our hopes: open completely to us the doors of your mercy so that one day the doors of your heavenly dwelling may be open to us where Jesus your Son and the first among the human race has preceded us that we might all together sing to you forever that all those who cross this threshold with renewed commitment and firm faith might obtain salvation which comes forth from you and leads us to you.” Thank you for reading our article. You can keep up-to-date by subscribing to our daily newsletter. Just click here Gabriel 6 (in 25' 2/2 from two, 6/14 from three, 5/6 from free throws, 4 rebounds, one turnover, one assist). Stopping at 27 points scored after two months of absence would be modest, taking up a recent maxim of the coach. Because between angry gestures to Nikolic, provocations, flopping and a passive defense in Avellino's moment of momentum, one begins to think that the road is still long from a team perspective. Battistini 5 (in 10' 1/2 from three, one rebound). It can be seen from long range, but it's a shooting star. Bolpin 5 (in 25' 1/4 from two, 3 turnovers, one assist). Certainly recovering from the fever, certainly not centered, but between turnovers and a shaky defense he never manages to get into the match. The foul on Mussini with 17" to go curtails an already complicated comeback. Clothes 5 (in 28' 0/2 from two, 2/2 from free throws, 3 rebounds, one turnover, one steal, 3 assists). Another all-round match, this time without praise: especially when he has to try to contain Mussini, who often takes him for a walk. Cusin 6,5 (in 23' 4/6 from two, 10 rebounds, one turnover, one recovery). Sportella on the rebound, some flashes of experience and he is among the best of a very bitter evening. Mian 6,5 (in 33' 3/9 from two, 2/5 from three, 1/2 from free throws, 1 rebound, 2 assists). He leaves immediately for fouls, for the rest, perhaps thanks to the many shots of his colleague Gabriel, he seems like a shadow of the positive player of the last few months. But he is the architect of the comeback. Fantinelli 5,5 (in 31' 4/8 from two, 5 rebounds, one turnover, one recovery). He doesn't produce assists, which is already impressive news. But he can't put in the usual energy, which is another news. Freeman 5 (in 15' 3/6 from two, 7 rebounds). He is the last to recover from the fever and fails to emerge except for a quarter of an hour. The L'Aquila earthquake of 6 April 2009 deeply shook Italy generating a strong wave of emotion and solidarity that affected the entire country. Professionals from every sector have offered specific skills and competences by placing themselves at the service of the affected population in body and soul Even INGV took the field with its resources spent side by side with the citizens of the areas involved could you introduce yourself to our readers My name is Concetta Nostro and I have been working as a seismologist at INGV for 20 years In my life I have had to deal with earthquakes since I was a child: I lived in Veneto with my family and the memory of the earthquake of 6 May 1976 in Friuli is still very strong I have dedicated a lot of time to seismological research but for more than 15 years I have been mainly involved in information communication and seismic risk reduction projects My name is Massimo Crescimbene and I have been working at INGV since 1999 My professional experience began with the National Volcanology and Earthquake Defense Groups of the National Research Council (CNR) in 1986 I have always worked on issues of prevention and education of the population to natural phenomena such as earthquakes and volcanic phenomena has been framed in a branch of psychology that calls itself emergency psychology what did the L'Aquila earthquake represent for INGV's emergency activities The earthquake emergency in L'Aquila was the first great experience of coordinated intervention by all the technical scientific and emergency support components of INGV.Everything that has been achieved in Abruzzo has been the result of various experiences and professionalism gained over the years in the context of risk reduction projects in the information sector and in emergency management As far as seismic risk reduction projects are concerned the EDURISK project (editor's note: www.edurisk.it) had already developed professionalism tools and methods for starting risk mitigation itineraries in different contexts and situations.For emergency information management the INGV National Earthquake Center (now the National Earthquake Observatory) had launched a project since 2008 for the creation of the information component of the Seismic Emergency Operations Center (COES) a structure that represents the logistics component of the Seismic Emergency Response network (today Sismiko) This structure was still in full planning when the L'Aquila earthquake occurred and we suddenly found ourselves in an unexpected executive phase it was decided to have those who were planning the information component of the COES intervene in the epicentral area and to involve colleagues who had participated in other similar initiatives necessary requisites in a dramatic and complex situation like the emergency in Abruzzo My colleague Milena Moretti and I arrived in L'Aquila two days after the earthquake The CNT has activated the COES within the Command and Control Directorate (Di.Coma.C.) of Coppito (AQ) This INGV garrison had the aim of promoting direct extremely rapid communication with the Civil Protection Department (DPC) and thanks to the constant presence of seismologists made it possible to reduce the time required for preliminary communication of each seismic event in the area affected by the sequence played a fundamental role in disseminating information during the emergency on the progress of the seismic sequence in progress on the historical and recent seismicity of the area but also on the emotional reactions associated with the earthquake and on possible interventions for the emotional management of experiences related to the emergency.In the first two weeks of activity scientific and psychological support to both rescuers and the affected population This initiative made it possible to quickly understand the information needs of the people involved in the emergency and therefore to plan targeted interventions aimed at teachers present in reception camps; the project La Terra tretteca… Ji No! aimed at the population residing in the reception camps; and the project La Terra tretteca… Ji No aimed at schools in the areas most affected by the earthquake can you tell us about the EmerFOR project and the meetings with the population in the tent cities The idea of the EmerFOR project was born in the field starting from the experience of the first weeks at COES where my colleague Federica La Longa - also a psychologist at INGV - and I essentially carried out a psychoeducational activity on emotions aimed at all the population that in those early days attended the Di.Coma.C With Federica we realized that there was a great need to make the population understand that the strong and intense emotions that people feel after a catastrophic event like the one they experienced are absolutely normal from a human point of view There is nothing sick or pathological about feeling angry This is why we convinced ourselves that the best thing was to meet as many people as possible in the tent cities and that a good starting point could be to start with the teachers who continued to carry out their work with the students in the camps taking advantage of the contacts with the institutions present at the Di.Coma.C in agreement with the COES and with the EDURISK project in agreement with the Provincial School Office of L'Aquila and the Regional School Office for Abruzzo a series of meetings for the teachers present in the tent cities to provide a immediate information and training support for the displaced school population.With a cycle of twelve meetings The activities were divided into two teaching modules: one dedicated to the area of knowledge on the earthquake the history and seismic hazard of the Abruzzo area the evolution of the seismic sequence taking place in 2009 and the elements for risk reduction The other module was instead dedicated to the area of "knowing how to be" linked to the exploration of the emotional experiences of the earthquake to the psychoeducational contents for the management of emotions and to the proposal of educational paths to face the “earthquake stress”.These activities have allowed teachers to acquire tools and minimum skills to individually manage the emergency phase and face with the awareness of being able to assume a more active in providing psychological support to children and young people during the emergency.The project “La Terra tretteca… Ji no!” it was the natural continuation of EmerFOR Its purpose was to deal with the earthquake emergency with a multidisciplinary approach (seismological psychological and social) to help the affected population understand what happened in the overall context of the danger and risk of the area providing resources and strategies for emotional and psychosocial adaptation in the post-emergency phase which could stimulate a new model of reconstruction and management of the territory itself.The essential contribution of these various emergency interventions and in particular of the project in the tent cities was to provide the opportunity to dissolve the strong tensions present in the population helping to recreate a climate of respect and trust towards the scientific community can you tell us about your experience with schools after the earthquake of April 6 we launched the project “La Terra tretteca… Ji no also taking into account the INGV proposal to start a cycle of meetings with teachers to encourage the restart of school activities has appointed a group of experts to carry out a project with schools.The staff consisted of a seismologist a psychologist and a technician responsible for school safety planning This project envisaged providing updated information on the earthquake and on the progress of the sequence a general overview of the psychological aspects some indications on the safety measures to be adopted in individual schools and indications on the management of a possible emergency at school.Overall between 7 and 19 September we met over 2700 people including teachers managers and ATA staff from the city of L'Aquila and the provinces of L'Aquila Teramo and Pescara.This initiative has certainly contributed to appropriately addressing a series of problematic aspects that would have made the delicate phase of reopening schools more difficult making it possible to recreate a climate of greater respect and trust in the institutions that were working to restore your experience with schools didn't end there though.. In the following years we worked on a project between INGV and Save the Children which lasted at least two years starting from the earthquake of April 6 was born by bringing together the different skills of this group of people but it was an ever-present scenography that accompanied and marked our work designed to involve and work together with the students changes and difficulties faced and resolved together with the boys The story of all the workshops carried out was presented by the students themselves to our Institute in a day's work that has remained forever in my heart what do you have left of the experiences you had ConcettaThe lived experience has greatly changed our way of communicating and has put our abilities and skills to the test What we have tried to achieve in L'Aquila and its surroundings has been possible thanks to the wonderful interaction with the people of L'Aquila with all those who have rushed from all over Italy to help the people of L'Aquila and with colleagues who have collaborated to ensure continuous and detailed information on the seismic sequence underway in Abruzzo.I feel particular gratitude towards the volunteer psychologists who have helped us to carry out with so much enthusiasm and professionalism the projects of "psycho-seismological support" for the population affected by this tragedy These experiences have represented an extraordinary heritage that we have taken into due consideration for the management of subsequent emergencies such as the one in Emilia in 2012 and in Central Italy in 2016-2017 MassimoThe experience of L'Aquila left me a lot 2009 is inextricably linked to the birth of my son Francesco Much of my commitment and my love that was dedicated to him at that time spread and channeled into the post-earthquake work in L'Aquila helped me understand how strong the lack and the pain of those who lose something dear could be This thought has often accompanied me in the following years and for this reason L'Aquila always has a special place in my heart.Furthermore after the earthquake I met the woman I love today and my life's companion: a strong and special bond but which perhaps arises precisely from the enrichment of the unique soul that she gave me this experience I feel as if I had been emotionally shaken earlier and The contents published on these pages by theNational Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology are distributed under license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article The aftershocks from the country’s worst earthquake in 30 years rippled through central Italy and an estimated 60,000 were left homeless By September 2009 vigorous assistance efforts had succeeded in moving some of the dispossessed into new homes though thousands remained housed in temporary facilities The town’s historic centre remained off-limits more than a year after the quake as restoration efforts proceeded slowly and officials involved in the reconstruction effort were later investigated for wrongdoing in the awarding of public contracts Why the battle is far from over for survivors of last week's earthquake in central Italy Story by Lauren Said-Moorhouse Italy -- A brutal earthquake strikes a remote mountain city in the dead of night But this isn’t the earthquake from seven days ago L'Aquila lies about 50 km (31 miles) from Amatrice the town at the center of last week’s earthquake in central Italy L’Aquila’s heart was ripped out in an earthquake that killed 309 people The L’Aquila earthquake devastated the historic hilltop city leveling homes and destroying the medieval baroque and renaissance gems within; its abandoned center offers a grim prediction for the future of Amatrice and other quake-stricken towns A chained door in the “zona rossa,” or red zone Both quakes were at a depth of about 10 km (6.2 miles) and both struck at about 3:30 a.m. an explosion and the whole house was shaking left and right,” recalls Davide Tonati and his parents were some of the lucky ones “My house is the same as it was on April 6 “We can go in the house with police or firemen for security but I can’t go … by myself.” Tonati is one of the tens of thousands of residents of L’Aquila and the communities around it who were displaced by the earthquake their houses and businesses have not been declared safe by authorities A memorial book for the 309 victims of the 2009 earthquake Today, the “zona rossa” -- or red zone -- remains in place, and the vast majority of structures within lie abandoned. The parallels between the two places have not gone unnoticed and many see L’Aquila as an example of things to come for survivors in Amatrice and the villages around it Related: ‘The future is finished,’ say Italy earthquake survivors Monsignor Paolo De Nicolo tours the red zone or 'Holy Mass,' at the Basilica Santa Maria di Collemaggio Cranes tower over the historic city center where much of the reconstruction is still taking place It’s the same time and the same place,” says Giovanni Comoglio one of the volunteers who responded to the disaster in 2009 standing at a memorial at the city’s college dormitory where 11 students died Giovanni Comoligio views a memorial for the 11 students who died in a university dormitory that collapsed during the earthquake It’s a gloriously bright and sunny summer’s day when we visit L’Aquila but only a handful of people wander along the cobbled avenues in the mid-afternoon A skyline of cranes rises high above the city while countless angry fractures disfigure its once-beautiful buildings A significant section of the red zone is cordoned off from pedestrians Shoes lie scattered across shelving in a former shop Litter fills an empty store in the red zone An abandoned shopfront on the south end of L’Aquila where damage was concentrated in student housing Doors hang off their hinges to reveal abandoned shops in the red zone Windows and rotting balconies have been stabilized with wooden frames and heavy-duty cables The sound of birds and the inconsistent spurt of a nearby fountain pierce the quiet “The city is definitely coming back,” Comoglio says positively You must reconstruct with anti-seismic technology A man and woman take an evening stroll through the red zone it breaks not only the foundations but also the water pipes This is a very big problem because you have to go meter by meter There is no way to do it fast… In time L’Aquila will come back.” After ambling through row upon row of disheveled we stumble out onto Corso Vittorio Emanuele The long pedestrian road flanked on both sides by tall talking animatedly as their children run around restaurants and a single gelato shop have moved back A server waits outside a restaurant before the Saturday dinner rush “The city is much better now,” says Nikos Katharosporis a 35-year-old who splits his time between working as a mechanical engineer specializing in damage assessment and working part-time in a local restaurant “In the last few years you can feel the difference More people are coming into the center of the town and a lot of restaurants have come back.” People dine al fresco on a Saturday night in L’Aquila Larger crowds gather as the few bars and cafes open Locals enjoy a “passeggiata” – an evening stroll Friends stand laughing in the streets with drinks in hand Teenagers congregate smoking and gossiping opposite the disused chamber of commerce The residents of L’Aquila are determined to revive the atmosphere of their pre-quake city But it’s a work-in-progress -- one that has been hit by allegations of corruption Billions were earmarked by the Italian government in the aftermath of 2009 and much has been spent rehousing displaced people and restoring the city’s historical properties Related: Italy quake highlights our vulnerability to disaster Meanwhile some residents are dissatisfied by the town’s revival criticizing the allocation of funds spent on historical damage rather than their own neighborhoods It’s too slow -- people think ‘How are you helping me?’" He now lives in one of the temporary “new towns” swiftly constructed on the outskirts of L’Aquila with his wife and three-year-old daughter CNN contacted the city’s mayor for this story After the quake, around 70,000 people from L’Aquila and the neighboring villages were left homeless. Towns ravaged by last week’s quake have seen around 2,500 people displaced Italy’s Prime Minister Matteo Renzi has vowed to rebuild Amatrice and its surrounding communes -- but to some this sounds eerily like the pledges made by former Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi back in 2009 A kitten represents the only inhabitants left in Fossa a small hamlet about 12 kilometers (7.5 miles) from L’Aquila where buildings are shuttered and abandoned many had to relocate to new satellite towns after their homes were destroyed Tonati says these housing projects will do for now but he yearns to return to his childhood home missing the sense of community felt in the city center One of the post-quake towns is the village of Friuli Venezia Giulia which replaced the destroyed -- and now unoccupied -- hamlet of Fossa Related: Why Italian region wasn’t prepared for earthquake Two men stroll down the thoroughfare of Friuli Venezia Giulia where the community of Fossa has relocated The now 360-strong population live in a cluster of short wooden single-storey earthquake-resistant temporary houses As we drive through the rows of small houses women glance up as they hang their laundry on wire racks We approached many houses to try talk to residents A congregation celebrates the union of a young couple at the new settlement it feels like the whole community is standing on the church steps in the center of the village as a local couple's wedding gets underway inside but there is an undercurrent of anger in the village A young woman in the congregation agreed to talk to us but declined to give her name Wedding guests take cover in the shade outside the church She says the village was supposed to be a temporary settlement but seven years on there is still no word on when Fossa will be rebuilt “An earthquake first of all is very difficult psychologically It’s difficult physically … on top of that you’ve lost the places where you’ve grown up you’ve lost the people you’ve grown up with," she says An elderly woman hangs laundry to dry outside the pre-fabricated houses built by volunteers in the months following the earthquake middle-aged man wanders over to greet people appearing to know many of the congregation and says Friuli Venezia Giulia was constructed with both disaster relief funds and donations He recalls going door-to-door for donations to build the cornerstones of the new community “We wanted to give the people of the town a place where they can come together,” he says but the community stands united to face their future head on something he thinks the people of Amatrice must do “It’s two very different types of earthquake," he says "That can be difficult to understand but the numbers are exponentially different I am positive because I have lived this before -- Italians are very generous.” A back street in Friuli Venezia Giulia is named for the date of the L’Aquila earthquake CNN’s Blathnaid Healy and Bryony Jones contributed to this piece from London own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment Rochester Institute of Technology provides funding as a member of The Conversation US View all partners It has been five years since an earthquake hit the Italian city of L’Aquila leaving 309 people dead In the aftermath one public official and six earthquake scientists were charged with multiple counts of manslaughter Each defendant was sentenced to six years in jail It is commonly believed the scientists were condemned for failing to predict the earthquake but the case was about communicating risks to a vulnerable population The defendants were accused by the prosecution of giving “inexact One of L’Aquila’s citizens succinctly articulated the position of many survivors: We all know that the earthquake could not be predicted All we wanted was clearer information on risks in order to make our choices The appeal process has been ongoing but as of November 10 charges have been dropped against the scientists involved the convicted Italian official had his sentence reduced but still faces two years in prison Six days prior to the earthquake scientists met with Bernardo De Bernardinis then deputy director of Italy’s Civil Protection Agency A local laboratory technician had been making dubious predictions of an impending large earthquake smaller tremors were being experienced in the region The meeting was called with intentions to reassure the public The scientists correctly emphasised to De Bernardinis that the precise timing of major earthquakes could not be known They were careful not to rule out the possibility of a major earthquake any time Following their meeting De Bernardinis publicly stated: “The scientific community tells us there is no danger because there is an ongoing discharge of energy The situation looks favourable.” None of the scientists made an effort to correct Bernardinis’s imprecise statements Public officials clearly felt pressure to reassure The overriding wish to calm citizen’s fears created a situation where risks were downplayed and scientific uncertainty was emphasised at the expense of responsible warnings There are obvious lessons to be gleaned from L’Aquila: clear science communication has real consequences for public safety Political officials have a responsibility to communicate risks to the public without sacrificing the science to politically palatable messages However we need not endorse the L’Aquila judgements in order to consider alternative circumstances where legal penalties might be appropriately applied Take the purposefully organised campaigns of disinformation over lead poisoning generally orchestrated by vested interest groups show a reckless disregard for public safety Now a related campaign seeks to undermine the public’s understanding of climate science It is easy to feel sympathy for an Italian official who seems to have been motivated to reassure rather than mislead Despite his failure to convey an accurate but tempered assessment of the dangers it remains true that large earthquakes really are unforeseeable in the short term I hope his ongoing appeal process is ultimately successful This is clearly irresponsible and dangerous. The devastation to human life resulting from unchecked climate change is magnitudes greater than the tragedy in L’Aquila and it will get worse still We may be uncomfortable with the Italian courts but consider the alternative: is a system which allows politicians to openly receive large sums of money from fossil fuel interests while dismissing the greatest crisis humanity has yet faced any better at serving the public’s interests We should reconsider political frameworks that allow large sums of money to shape politician’s understanding of climate science if we want to avoid cases like L'Aquila in the future Pope Francis will make a pastoral visit to L'Aquila the capital city of the Italian region of Abruzzo The Holy See Press Office announced the news on Saturday Catholics renew the solemn rite of Forgiveness (“Perdonanza”), the perpetual plenary indulgence that Pope Celestine V granted to the faithful The Pope's visit will fall the day after the Pope's consistory for the creation of 21 new Cardinals in the Vatican and during the 27-29 August encounter the Holy Father requested for the world's Cardinals to gather in the Vatican together to reflect on the recently-published Apostolic Constitution Praedicate Evangelium on reforming the Roman Curia the Holy Father will be accompanied by Cardinal Giuseppe Petrocchi which is still in ruins after the 2009 earthquake authorities and citizens present in the square He will also celebrate Holy Mass and recite the Angelus Cardinal Petrocchi has welcomed the news of the Holy Father's visit that the Holy Father has confirmed his visit to L'Aquila on the occasion of the Celebration of Forgiveness." Pope Francis is the first Pontiff to open the Holy Door after 728 years "The faithful and persistent wait of the people of L'Aquila happily reaches its fulfilment," he said "will give this event a global scope: the Holy Door of the Perdonanza will be opened not only to the pilgrims who will flock here in great numbers especially those lacerated by conflicts and internal divisions will be able to pass through it and rediscover the paths of solidarity and peace." "On behalf of our People - crucified by three devastating earthquakes and by the pandemic," the Cardinal continued "I express my heartfelt thanks to Pope Francis: who once again bears witness to the compassion and tenderness of a Pope-Father towards us!" The Holy See Press Office published the following program of the Pope's visit take-off by helicopter from the Vatican heliport landing at Gran Sasso Stadium in L'Aquila (private); transfer by car to Piazza Duomo 8:45 a.m. The Holy Father is welcomed in the Duomo Square by: the Holy Father enters the Cathedral for a private visit (the Cathedral still lies in ruins after the 2009 earthquake) - The Holy Father addresses a greeting to the families of the Victims the Authorities and the citizens present in the Piazza the Pope travels by car to the Basilica of St On the forecourt of the Basilica of Collemaggio: Holy Mass the Holy Father bids farewell to the Authorities who welcomed him; travels by car to the Gran Sasso Stadium Gran Sasso Stadium: take-off from L'Aquila Please help us improve PreventionWeb by taking this brief survey Your input will allow us to better serve the needs of the DRR community See the survey The L'Aquila earthquake was the first Italian seismic disaster in almost a century to have an epicentre close to a major concentration of population (in fact it was 3.4 km from the city's geographical centre) the tremors did a huge amount of damage and killed 308 people a total that could have been much higher if people had not been warned by the occurrence of violent foreshocks shortly before the main shock The disaster once again revealed the high seismic vulnerability of building stock in Italy It rejuvenated the national debate about the role of retrofitting and insurance But once again no definitive answer emerged In the aftermath of the 1908 Strait of Messina earthquake and tsunami Giovanni Giolitti justified the small and slow response by informing the Italian public that it was not the purpose of government to provide much disaster aid: that was something that citizens needed to organise for themselves by the time of the 1980 earthquake in Irpinia-Basilicata it metamorphosed into a form of state-sponsored largesse termed 'assistentialism' (a sort of ironic comparison with existentialism) As time wore on and the world became dominated by neoliberalism and austerity the question arose as to whether there would be a return to liberal individualistic values based on a weak state The answer has not been clear-cut or simple In 2000 Italy briefly flirted with the idea of privatising disaster assistance This notion was the subject of implacable opposition A decade later it flirted with the idea of socialised earthquake insurance: it was found to be too expensive and there was the risk that it would discourage people from retrofitting homes and other buildings Neither neoliberalism nor assistentialism dominated the response to the L'Aquila earthquake An injection of government funds provided 185 solar-powered base-isolated "antiseismic" apartment blocks intended as temporary housing for 15,500 people Always ready for a piece of self aggrandisement the Premier inaugurated these housing complexes by presenting each resident family with a government-branded champagne cooler to help them celebrate The apartments cost more than the value of similar-sized accommodation in a major metropolitan city yet they were grouped together in enclaves that lacked most basic services (such as wastewater treatment the real reconstruction was slow to take place one of the best ways of reducing expenditure is to invent labyrinthine procedures and make sure that it is difficult to understand and follow them This strategy was carefully practised in L'Aquila Time is socially necessary in post-disaster recovery It enables consensus to be built and reconstruction options to be explored 'time' meant a chance for the weeds to grow amidst the rubble The response of the population was recurrent "wheelbarrow protests" but four million tonnes of rubble could not be removed by wheelbarrows The base-isolated housing was a radical departure from previous policies on transitional shelter Regarding any forthcoming significant earthquake it is estimated that up to 12 per cent of the base isolators will fail yet the buildings on top of them have not been built to anti-seismic standards some of which were prime conservation land The intention to build a sort of 'green belt' around L'Aquila city was ill-thought-out and took no account of the inadequacy of local infrastructure or of the psychological problems that would come from stranding city dwellers in open countryside The result after seven or eight years was a heterogeneous mixture of restored buildings that were buttressed but abandoned As little effort had been made to restore the local economy stagnation was a feature of the whole post-earthquake landscape the government enacted enough measures to keep the University of L'Aquila going as the dominant local employer but many professional people left the area because they had nowhere to practise their professions Female employment was particularly hard hit One has to admire the determination of Italians to rebuild their historical monuments after major disasters which in the case of L'Aquila included 11 historic churches and numerous ancient and noble palazzi over the last decade visitors have been struck by the lifelessness of the city A better strategy would have been to restore it organically and holistically with attention to productive capacity and supporting infrastructure This would have gradually reanimated the city and given it function and purpose It would also have allowed experts to repair the urban fabric The Aquilan experiment with almost instantaneous post-seismic 'new towns' was paid for but the European Union decried the decision to spend so much on housing that was designed to last only about ten years How very different was the Italian strategy from the Japanese approach in which a social contract with the displaced had them living in cramped basic accommodation but with the understanding and trust that after seven years they would be moved into proper permanent housing Indeed I have in my library a book written in the 1980s by a priest the third circle of hell is inhabited by earthquake victims condemned for evermore to live in transitional housing Much more could be said in retrospect about the last ten years of the L'Aquila earthquake tragedy both valuable and a dangerous distortion of the moments and periods that people actually lived through with all the limitations of knowledge about what might happen next I would like to end with a consideration about the local population a mountain people with a strong ability to weather adversity (call it resilience if you will Several such groups emerged in the aftermath of the L'Aquila earthquake but none of them has been particularly successful the stimuli for local activism were visibly present I once had a close friend who was a distinguished meridionalista a student of and advocate for the development of the Mezzogiorno He warned foreigners not to come to the southern provinces and interpret life there by means of the classics of literature on the peasant culture Ernesto de Martino's Magic and the South (Sud e magia) The twentieth century feudalism described by Silone in Abruzzo cannot be dispelled by iPads and Mercedes cars social fragmentation--old traditions die hard I fear that behind the veneer of modern resilience ancient battles are still being fought Transitional housing in the Aquilan 'new towns' The Complessi Antisismici Sostenibili e Ecocompatibili (CASE) This Provincial Prefecture was to have been a nerve centre of emergency operations They left home during the foreshocks but returned inside Their bodies were recovered from the compressed space at the centre of this picture A community centre for surviving residents of Onna village – provided by the State David Alexander works in the Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction at UCL He teaches emergency planning and management "Principles of Emergency Planning and Management" "Recovery from Disaster" (with Ian Davis) and "How to Write an Emergency Plan" He is the founding Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction and Vice-President of the Institute of Civil Protection and Emergency Management His research interests include natural hazards earthquake disasters and disaster planning and management He is currently working on a new book on emergency management a companion to his recent emergency planning volume David Alexander is an Italian citizen and resident His experience of Italian disasters extends over 49 years Please note: Content is displayed as last posted by a PreventionWeb community member or editor. 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If you have 2 minutes, we would benefit from additional feedback (link opens in a new window) PreventionWeb is the global knowledge sharing platform for disaster risk reduction (DRR) and resilience Pretend you’ve been led into a new restaurant wearing a blindfold We’re playing a game: When I uncover your eyes you try to piece together enough clues to guess what sort of place we’re in The 24-flavor gelato counter would give it away too easily so I yank the blindfold a few steps beyond it Your eyes fall on a white wall lined with bottles of Campari and Martini dry vermouth Fresh espresso hits your nose just as a Serie A soccer rerun steals your gaze The place is choked with waiters rocking natty short-brim fedoras of a sort most often found atop comic-strip gangsters (but apparently resurgent in Milan) A montage of touristic photos and factoids loops on a second TV — tidbits about Venice and Rome alternating with Maserati commercials You’d think the name alone would be enough, but Gran Caffè L’Aquila leaves nothing to chance when it comes to trumpeting its inspiration Brothers Riccardo and Gigio Longo have lined one wall with black-and-white eight-by-10s of Italian celebrities Library shelves in the second-story bar sport random hardbacks recovered with phony titles like Palermo and Naples and the music is all but piped in from the Eurovision Song Contest This is a place whose servers refer to the guy who makes the gelato Gran Caffè L’Aquila screams “Italy!!!” in so many registers at once that you’d have to be a Memento-style amnesiac to miss the message And what goes for the maximalist decor goes The 180-seat sequel to 250-seat Toscana 52 in Feasterville (owned by Riccardo Longo and his father Mario) but it takes a stab at virtually everything else with an even slightly Italian accent This sprawling morning-to-night eatery is a monument to an establishment destroyed by a 2009 earthquake in the Italian city of L’Aquila award-winning gelato maker Stefano Biasini overseeing dishes that typify his native Abruzzo has curated a menu that’s all over the map The Gran Caffè also supplements its huge regular menu with a weekly one focusing on a single Italian city at a time like Biasini’s “gastronomic gelatos” — savory ice creams that accompany a handful of dishes — that set the restaurant apart from every other Italian Overload just-like-back-in-the-Old-Country neighborhood trattoria in this city lean portions layered against fatty ones and then interleafed with pancetta Spaghetti carbonara is rebooted with pancetta gelato that melts into the tangled pasta and roasted pepper gelato elevates a soothing mascarpone crab cake the music — the gelati alone are revelatory Yet the restaurant buries that distinguishing feature beneath layers of distraction A shotgun marriage of raw salmon and tuna with grapefruit and pineapple Pasty potato gnocchi drowned in mushroom cream an exquisitely grilled baby octopus that got all it needed in a simple citrus vinaigrette I loved the ingenious “salumi sushi” — prosciutto rolled around bits of strawberry and Montasio cheese in a trifecta of sweetness But a giant seafood stew was long on overcooked fish and mussel beards The servers were cheerful — even as one slid new silverware through the crumbs that never seemed to get wiped off my tables aside from the frothy lemon-sorbetto Sgroppino featuring by-the-glass offerings from each of Italy’s 20 regions is one of the most consumer-friendly in town produced the most memorable dish of my four visits: a juicy bratwurst pimped out with crispy polenta triangles who drives the single-city supplements (and the focused wines that accompany them) Perhaps editing his affordable but wildly overreaching main menu would let it shine through more clearly the Longo brothers have done Philadelphia a service by bringing Biasini here They could complete the job by standing just a little further out of his way Gran Caffè L’Aquila [Foobooz] Where Philly’s James Beard Nominees Like to Eat (and Drink) Philly’s Best Restaurant Patios and Rooftops How Not to Be the Most Annoying Dog Owner at Every Philly Cafe Metrics details Appeals court says six scientists did not cause deaths in 2009 L'Aquila earthquake and cuts sentence of a government official Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout A shorter version of this story appeared in the print magazine under the title ‘Scientists cleared of quake deaths’ Reprints and permissions Download citation the judge who in October stunned the scientific world by handing down sentences even harsher than the prosecution had requested said the experts had given reassuring statements in the days before the quake that might have led some residents to stay in their homes "The assertions made concerning the assessment of risks connected to the seismic activity in the area around L'Aquila turned out to be completely vague, generic and ineffective," Billi wrote. Three hundred and nine people died and tens of thousands were made homeless when the earthquake struck the town in the central Abruzzo region of Italy The six seismologists and one government official sentenced included Enzo Boschi former president of Italy's National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology who on Friday rejected the judge's accusations "I absolutely do not feel guilty," he told Ansa news agency after having spent years exposing the seismic nature of Italy I would have suddenly said that there was no risk of earthquakes in L'Aquila What reason would we have had for reassuring people a judge has to publish within 90 days of a sentencing ran for more than 900 pages – he was at pains to say the experts had not been sentenced for failing to predict the earthquake "'Science' is not being put on trial for not having succeeded in predicting the earthquake of April 6th 2009," he wrote "The task of the accused … was certainly not to predict the earthquake and indicate the month with the 'prediction and prevention of the risk'" who were members of the National Commission for the Forecast and Prevention of Major Risks will remain free pending the appeals process Three images of Our Lady will frame the Pope’s brief visit to L’Aquila the sacred image of Our Lady of Roio (Our Lady of the Cross) will be placed on the papal altar that will be set up on the parvis of the Basilica of Santa Maria di Collemaggio for the celebration of Mass over which Pope Francis will preside before the opening of the Holy Door of Collemaggio The people of L'Aquila have great devotion for the image of Our Lady of Roio Then-Archbishop Carlo Confalonieri of L'Aquila in response to popular enthusiasm for the devotion witnessed at her Shrine He carried out the solemn rite of crowning in L'Aquila’s Cathedral Square placing “the golden diadem on the head of the Divine Child and His Mother” which consisted of two crowns forged by a local goldsmith with gold offered by the city’s residents and blessed personally by Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1944 Pope Francis will become the third Pope to venerate Our Lady of Roio John Paul II who visited on 30 August 1980 during his visit to the city which had recently been devastated by the 2009 earthquake Pope Francis will meet in the Piazza Duomo with family members of the victims of the 2009 quake Set up on the stage in front of the Cathedral will be a canvas depicting Our Lady of the People of L’Aquila ("Salus Populi Aquilani") has been housed at the diocesan shrine at the Church of St The image of Salus Populi Aquilani was recovered from the rubble by rescue teams on 3 May 2009 The canvas later underwent meticulous restoration Archbishop Giuseppe Molinari re-crowned the image on 13 May 2013 as he rededicated it during a solemn Eucharistic celebration in the Basilica of St Mark’s Church must still undergo restoration the image of Our Lady of the People of L’Aquila is housed in the “Chapel of Remembrance at the Church of Santa Maria del Suffragio to watch over the plaques containing the names of the victims of the 2009 earthquake Pope Francis will be accompanied by a third image of Our Lady as he prays before the urn of Pope Celestine V where the Bull granting the “Forgiveness” will also be placed The stunning statue of the Virgin and Child attributed to Saturnino Gatti will sit nearby following its recovery from the rubble at the Santa Maria di Collemaggio But the judges endorsed a conviction and two-year sentence passed on one of the defendants The announcement of the verdicts was met with cries of “Disgrace” from members of the public in court The original verdicts had sparked worldwide condemnation as scientists protested that it was impossible for even the most experienced seismologists to forecast an earthquake The seven men – members of an official major risks committee – each faced six-year jail sentences on charges of multiple manslaughter and negligence leading to grievous bodily harm They had also been ordered to pay more than €9m (£7m) in damages to survivors of the disaster The trial arose from a statement issued after a meeting of the committee in L’Aquila on 31 March 2009, six days before the city and several nearby villages were devastated by the 6.3 magnitude earthquake. By then, a series of minor tremors had spread terror among the inhabitants of the area, which is high in the mountains of central Italy The prosecution claimed that the reassuring outcome of the meeting caused some of L’Aquila’s residents to stay indoors on the night of the disaster instead of seeking shelter outside as they had been doing since the tremors began The lower court judge concluded that 29 of the victims fatally changed their behaviour as a direct result of the committee’s reassurances But his verdict was deplored by scientists inside and outside Italy The journal Nature called the sentence “ludicrous” Before retiring to consider their verdicts the judges of the L’Aquila appeals court heard a dramatic final plea from one of the seismologists “I think there is nothing more important for a seismologist to do in a seismic country than to put him – or herself at the disposal of society to help understand what is happening I went into the meeting on 31 March 2009 with that conviction and I would go back with it today,” he told the court L’Aquila has been hit by at least 10 earthquakes since medieval times and in the worst disaster “It takes more strength to forgive than to wage war… Forgiveness is the only possible weapon against all war.” Pope Francis offered that message on Friday in an interview with “Il Centro” He is scheduled to make a pastoral visit to the central Italian city in the Abruzzo region on Sunday morning where he will open the holy door of the annual Celestinian Pardon Referring to the war in Ukraine and other conflicts the Pope recalled that “evil is never overcome by evil requires great interior and cultural maturity “we will remain stuck in the logic of evil which is beholden to the promotion of the self-interests of those who take advantage of conflicts to enrich themselves.” who instituted the Celestinian Pardon in 1294 “knew how to promote humility and love for the poor,” he said adding that our contemporary society can learn much from these attitudes Asked about the devastating earthquake of 2009 that killed 309 people Pope Francis recalled that “pain and suffering are always a mystery.” “Jesus Himself experienced this darkness of feeling alone and defeated he taught us that it is precisely in these moments when everything seems lost that we can make an unexpected gesture: entrust ourselves to the Lord!” The Pope added that there can be no rebirth in the wake of destruction without the act of entrusting ourselves to the Lord our interior certitude in God’s mercy is a gift which must be requested and “protected from everything that would seek to snuff it out.” Pope Francis then praised the many ways in which the local Church in L’Aquila has reached out to support the poor and those who have suffered due to the earthquake Many houses and buildings still need to be rebuilt in the city “I thank the city’s pastors,” said the Pope “And I especially thank all priests and men and women religious who an effort which involves not only homes but also the soul itself of the people.” Unity alone can allow us to make truly difficult changes We must leave behind all those things which divide us and hold up instead everything which unites us.” Pope Francis concluded the interview with “Il Centro” by saying that he comes to encourage the people of L’Aquila in their faith and mercy truly are the best way to proclaim the Gospel to the men and women of today and of all times.” Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker A new theatre backed by George Clooney is giving hope to some but the city where thousands were left homeless is still a building site As the world’s most powerful leaders converged on the earthquake-ravaged central Italian city of L’Aquila for the G8 summit in July 2009 a more discreet gathering was about to steal the limelight a village about 13km away welcomed its own illustrious visitor when George Clooney flew in from his Lake Como home to inaugurate the construction of a new theatre to replace one destroyed in nearby Casentino earlier that year The Hollywood actor’s support helped to boost donations and the restoration of the theatre has become one of the few sources of civic pride in an area that is still a long way from a full recovery “He probably doesn’t realise just how much his support has contributed to this small miracle,” said Giancarlo Gentilucci The 6.3-magnitude earthquake that struck the central region of Abruzzo on 6 April 2009 killed 309 people left 70,000 homeless and devastated around 56 villages in Italy’s mountainous heart Some of the G8 leaders fulfilled their promises to donate funds to the reconstruction concerts and other events throughout the year has played a pivotal role in helping rebuild the tattered social fabric “It’s become a necessity for people who use it,” said Irti Many came out of their isolation; for others it’s been a way to express themselves As L’Aquila marks the 10th anniversary of the earthquake the bells of Santa Maria del Suffragio church in the city’s historic centre chimed 309 times at 3.32am on Saturday – the time the tremor hit a decade ago – to remember the dead Archbishop Giuseppe Petrocchi stressed that the most important thing to restore was “the community and its citizens” He added: “This must march in parallel with the construction of buildings.” but above all we have a duty to be constantly striving to relaunch this territory,” said Conte which was home to around 20,000 people before the earthquake is a tale of two cities: one still emerging from the rubble the other resiliently trying to return to normal The few inhabitants who have gone back to their homes over the past couple of years live beside cranes Meticulously restructured buildings stand opposite ones still clad in scaffolding workmen help by patronising the handful of bars those businesses are kept afloat by students from L’Aquila’s university “Even though we’re surrounded by scaffolding when you open the door to your house and you’re inside A thriving university town before the disaster Eight perished when their hall of residence collapsed buildings just outside the walled medieval city The devastation in 2009 Photograph: Andreas Solaro/AFP/Getty ImagesIt is difficult to find out how many people are now living in the centre with some guessing “a few hundred” and others “around 1,000” who was dean of the science faculty at the time of the earthquake In the months after the tragedy she lived in a tent in her sister’s garden before moving to one of 19 “new towns” rapidly built across the area She stayed there for less than two years before moving into a repaired building on the outskirts of the city To say that rebuilding has been slow would be an understatement Work in the historic centre only began to gather pace in 2013 after problems with mismanagement stifling bureaucracy and corruption and probes into contractors’ links with the mafia Then there was the exploitation: the earthquake was disastrous for the people of L’Aquila but a golden opportunity for the construction sector Pierfrancesco Gagliardi and his brother-in-law were overheard in a wiretapped phone call bragging about contracts the disaster could bring their way “It was a huge business,” said Angelo Imperiale who grew up in L’Aquila and is now a PhD student at Groningen University in the Netherlands Imperiale has written a thesis on the emergency response to the earthquake and the impact it had on survivors and the environment pushing people away from their homes and preventing them from even accessing their belongings the red zones became a huge cake divided among influential building entrepreneurs Some 2,000 families still live in prefab housing scattered across the mountains Former prime minister Silvio Berlusconi’s anti-seismic housing initiative was originally hailed an “Italian miracle” but over time the buildings’ defects started to show with former L’Aquila mayor Massimo Cialente suggesting it would be better to demolish the projects due to the structural weaknesses and high maintenance costs The haphazard emergency response also damaged social connections: those not housed locally were put up in hotels along the Adriatic coast for almost two years Berlusconi said at the time that it would be “a nice break” for them “There was no systematic approach to engaging people,” added Imperiale “And today there are many still living in temporary who just want to get back to normal life.” But those seeking to restore a sense of normality have been irritated by the heavy focus on L’Aquila’s problems in some of the media’s anniversary coverage “They spoke about us in a way that pushed us back 10 years,” said Inverardi we as a community have been trying to exist to imagine our future and work towards that.” This is the archive of The Observer up until 21/04/2025 The Observer is now owned and operated by Tortoise Media We asked a few of our Dartmouth-Hitchcock (D-H) nutritionists and dietitians and asked them: What do you eat for breakfast Jean M. Copeland, RDN, LD, who works in the D-H Heart & Vascular Center as a registered dietitian and nutritionist eats a heart-healthy chickpea pancake on berries with plain yogurt. “I make about eight pancakes on the weekend so I can eat them over the course of the week Christina L. Aquila, RD, a dietitian with the D-H Weight & Wellness Center eats a slice of high-fiber whole wheat toast with mashed avocado and sliced tomato topped with an egg. “I also always start my day with a full glass of water,” says Aquila RDN, a dietitian in the D-H Weight & Wellness Center who approaches healthy eating with weight management and disease prevention in mind has been sticking to oatmeal: a mixture of millet and old-fashioned oats flax seed and chia seeds with milk for added protein a little maple syrup for sweetness and vanilla extract and cinnamon for flavor. “I usually advise against oatmeal when it’s too high in sugar and lacks protein but this recipe is more balanced,” says Brilling “It’s hard to get enough fiber throughout the day so oatmeal is a great choice when made with enough protein and fat to balance out the carbohydrates.” clinical dietitian for the D-H Live Well/Work Well Employee Wellness Program puts a lot of thought into her go-to breakfast drink. “I usually have tea in the morning from herbs I grow in my home garden My favorite is a blend of tulsi (holy basil) which means that it restores balances to the body mint is known for digestive health and lemon balm and chamomile help support the nervous system.” Find more healthy breakfast and other meal recipes on our Cooking Up Health webpage More stories Copyright © 2025 Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center and Dartmouth Hitchcock Clinics Metrics details This article has been updated no seismic activity was recorded prior to the latest quake This story is being updated as new details of the event emerge This story originally called 'normal faulting' — which is a specific type of seismic activity — a 'typical faulting event' Additional reporting by Davide Castelvecchi Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature.2016.20489 shigeru ban‘s ‘paper concert hall’ opened earlier this month in aquila given as a gift from the japanese government after an earthquake ravished the region the temporary concert hall represents a sense of solidarity and support for reconstruction from one country to the other a skewed oval cuts through the interior volume which is defined by 44 encompassing pillars and a simple pitched roof the temporary unit – which currently resides opposite the alfredo casella conservatory – is a durable and functional space can be dismantled and built elsewhere cardboard concrete and clay sacks that embody the material and structural characteristics ban is known for AXOR presents three bathroom concepts that are not merely places of function but destinations in themselves — sanctuaries of style God can accomplish all things for those who believe Pope Francis stressed this during the Mass he celebrated in the central Italian city of L'Aquila where he made a 28 August pastoral visit for the occasion of Celestinian Pardon He presided over the Eucharistic Celebration in the square before the Basilica of St The Pope's visit to the Italian city falls 13 years after a devastating 2009 earthquake which killed 309 people In his homily and God's mercy which frees us and brings us joy “The saints' lives are a privileged vantage point from which we can glimpse the good news that Jesus came to proclaim – namely that God is our Father and each of us is loved by Him and Jesus is the proof of this Love – His incarnation Recalling that he celebrates Mass on "a special day" for the city that of "the Celestinian Pardon," the Holy Father recalled that the relics of Pope Celestine V - who resigned from the papacy in 1294 - are preserved in L'Aquila The Holy Father observed that Pope Celestine "humbled himself," finding favour with God “We erroneously remember Celestine V as he 'who made a great refusal' according to the expression Dante used in his Divine Comedy But Celestine V was not a man who said 'no' there is no other way to accomplish God’s will the humble appear weak and as losers in the eyes of men and women "they are conquerors because they are the ones who confide completely in the Lord and know His will." It is “to the humble," Pope Francis said the Word of God invites us to become humble and meek. "but rather in that healthy realism that makes us recognize our potentials as well as our misery." humility makes us take our gaze off ourselves in order to turn it toward God to the One who can do everything and who even obtains for us what we would not succeed in obtaining on our own 'All things can be done for the one who believes.'” "not strategies or human means." Celestine V was a courageous witness of the Gospel because there was no logic or power that was able to imprison or control him "we admire a Church free from worldly logic witnessing completely to that name of God which is Mercy." "for mercy is knowing that we are loved in our misery." The Pope invited all faithful to always draw closer to Christ "L’Aquila has kept alive the gift that Pope Celestine V himself left it," namely the reminder "that with mercy can the life of every man and every woman be lived with joy." “Mercy is the experience of feeling welcomed To be forgiven is to experience here and now that which comes closest to being resurrected Forgiveness is the passage from death to life from the experience of anguish and guilt to that of freedom and joy.” always be a place in which people can be reconciled "and experience that Grace that puts us back on our feet and gives us another chance." The Pope prayed it may be "a Church of forgiveness The Holy Father recognized how much the people of L'Aquila have suffered and warned against another type of suffering This type of earthquake puts us in contact with our own frailty "Too many times," the Pope lamented "people base their worth on the place they occupy in the world." "The Christian knows that his or her life is not a career after the manner of the world but a career after the manner of Christ who said of himself that he had come to serve and not to be served," the Pope said Unless we understand that the revolution of the Gospel is contained in this type of freedom may L’Aquila truly be the capital of forgiveness Pope Francis concluded by recalling the people of L'Aquila's devotion to the Blessed Mother and praying "her maternal intercession obtain pardon and peace for the entire world." Pope Francis' visit to L'Aquila falls the day after the Pope's consistory for the creation of 20 new Cardinals in the Vatican and during the 27-29 August encounter the Holy Father requested for the world's Cardinals to gather in the Vatican together to reflect on the recently-published Apostolic Constitution Praedicate Evangelium on reforming the Roman Curia MaXXI L’Aquila, an outpost of MaXXI in Rome (Italy’s national museum of 21st century art and architecture), is set to open in the central Italian city of L'Aquila on 30 October. First announced by the Italian government in 2015 the museum is intended to contribute to the "rebirth" of the city following a 2009 earthquake that devastated L'Aquila and the surrounding region The MaXXI L’Aquila gallery will be housed in the 18th-century Palazzo Ardinghelli The building was restored after the disaster by the Italian ministry of cultural heritage and tourism with financial support from the Russian government The opening display will include works by the emerging Russian artist Anastasia Potemkina who was chosen in collaboration with L’Aquila’s Fine Arts Academy and the V-A-C Foundation in Moscow "as a first step to enhance the dialogue between Russian and Italian artists" in the historic building Works by Maurizio Cattelan and Piero Manzoni will go on show at MaXXI L'Aquila Andrea Jemolo Nunzio and Ettore Spalletti will also go on show along with images by the Italian photojournalist Paolo Pellegrin and the Paris-based photographer and video artist Stefano Cerio The new MaXXI outpost in L’Aquila will also house a small collection drawn from the main museum in Rome comprising works by artists such as Liliana Moro MaXXI L’Aquila will receive private and public funding, with the Italian government providing €2m annually for the first three years. In 2016, the Italian government announced €30m funding to complete the restoration of L’Aquila’s medieval walls, cathedral and Santa Maria Paganica church. news28 May 2021MaXXI L'Aquila hopes to kickstart cultural revival in earthquake-damaged Italian cityNew branch of Rome's national contemporary art museum opens next week in a restored 18th-century palace The earthquake struck on 6 April 2009 and killed more than 300 people in the Italian city of L'Aquila The experts had been consulted in March that year about the possibility of a major quake after tremors and the prosecution case hinged on the fact that they had given out "inexact incomplete and contradictory" information after this meeting This report from Nature also suggests that miscommunication of the March scientific discussion lies at the heart of the matter the popular perception of the story has been that science is on trial It is certainly the scientists who are bearing the brunt of the punishment Their six-year jail terms are longer even than the four-year sentences the prosecution had requested In the 17th century, Galileo faced his own trial It is popularly believed that he was convicted because of his practice of astronomy he was tried because of the way he communicated his astronomy The Vatican was not opposed to astronomy but it was against the unauthorised communication of anything that would require a change in the way the Bible was interpreted Moving the Earth from the centre of the solar system required a massive rethink of certain biblical passages and so should have been submitted to the Vatican for assessment "extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence" claiming the Earth moved was extraordinary The trouble for Galileo was that he did not possess the required extraordinary evidence His belief that the tides were created by inertia as Earth moved through space failed even a cursory analysis Even though history has proved his heliocentric view correct the opposite appears to have been the case The prosecution thought that the scientists revealed too little of what they knew In 1633, the punitive treatment of Galileo eviscerated the practice of astronomy in Italy for centuries. He was placed under house arrest for the rest of his life and although the conviction was for miscommunication, astronomy itself became toxic. Even the staunchly Catholic Society of Jesus moved its astronomical efforts to the far east to stay out of the Vatican's gaze it is very hard to see how the conviction of these geologists will do anything to improve the sciences in Italy lessons in the communication of earthquake risk must be learned from this tragedy but who will dare to speak up now with this outcome as precedent Who will want to study earthquakes in Italy This verdict cannot bring back the hundreds lost in L'Aquila It can only doom more to die as Italian scientists turn their back on the study of earthquakes Stuart Clark is the author of The Sky's Dark Labyrinth a novel exploring Galileo's life and trial More than 300 people died in the April 2009 earthquake in L'Aquila Scientists were asked to assess the risk after increased seismic activity They did not predict the major earthquake that hit the centuries-old city Prosecutors say they gave a generic and ineffective assessment of the risk '+n.escapeExpression("function"==typeof(o=null!=(o=r(e,"eyebrowText")||(null!=l?r(l,"eyebrowText"):l))?o:n.hooks.helperMissing)?o.call(null!=l?l:n.nullContext||{},{name:"eyebrowText",hash:{},data:t,loc:{start:{line:28,column:63},end:{line:28,column:78}}}):o)+" \n '+(null!=(o=c(e,"if").call(r,null!=l?c(l,"cta2PreText"):l,{name:"if",hash:{},fn:n.program(32,t,0),inverse:n.noop,data:t,loc:{start:{line:63,column:20},end:{line:63,column:61}}}))?o:"")+"\n"+(null!=(o=(c(e,"ifAll")||l&&c(l,"ifAll")||n.hooks.helperMissing).call(r,null!=l?c(l,"cta2Text"):l,null!=l?c(l,"cta2Link"):l,{name:"ifAll",hash:{},fn:n.program(34,t,0),inverse:n.noop,data:t,loc:{start:{line:64,column:20},end:{line:70,column:30}}}))?o:"")+" First published in 1869, Nature is the world's leading multidisciplinary science journal. Nature publishes the finest peer-reviewed research that drives ground-breaking discovery, and is read by thought-leaders and decision-makers around the world. Deadly Italian Quake Strikes 40 Kilometers from L’Aquila no seismic activity was recorded prior to today’s quake By Quirin Schiermeier & Nature magazine Damage caused by the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake FLICKR was the first shock wave of the 6.2-magnitude earthquake in central Italy that has killed dozens of people—and destroyed historic villages and small towns as lovely as the one where I am now staying on holiday It was a sinister déjà vu—in 2009 I was awoken in Rome by an even more powerful quake—the one that destroyed L'Aquila Nature's senior European correspondent Alison Abbott who was in nearby Tuscania when the earthquake struck this morning If you're enjoying this article, consider supporting our award-winning journalism by subscribing By purchasing a subscription you are helping to ensure the future of impactful stories about the discoveries and ideas shaping our world today the death toll of which is now reported to have risen to around 60 is the strongest in Italy since the devastating magnitude-6.3 earthquake in 2009 near the town of L'Aquila That event killed about 300 people and destroyed tens of thousands of homes—and caused a group of scientists to be put on trial for manslaughter The shocks in the small hours of this morning have again caused death a town in the Apennine Mountains in central Italy Central Italy’s geologically and tectonically complex make-up creates a notorious quake risk The Adria micro-plate dives beneath the Appenine Mountain range from east to west with the Eurasian plate moving northeast at a rate of 24 millimetres per year The latest quake is the outcome of a typical faulting event, and is a result of the east–west movement of the Adria plate under the Appenines occurring faster than the collision of the Eurasian and African plates, according to a preliminary analysis by the US Geological Survey Seismologists had expected a rupture to occur near the location of today’s quake at any time this morning's shocks occurred in a geographical gap between a series of earthquakes in 1997 some 50 kilometres farther northwest and the L'Aquila quake in 2009 some 45 kilometres to the southeast a geologist at Italy's National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology in Rome awoke to the shocks from dreaming that someone had knocked wildly at his door he says that there is a risk of severe aftershocks in the next hours or weeks “The quake may have activated adjacent faults as happened in 1997,” he says “We expect a number of aftershocks of decreasing magnitude But we can't say when and exactly where they will occur.” Unlike in 2009, there was no seismic activity recorded before today’s quake. Controversy over the significance of alleged precursor tremors to the 2009 quake had legal ramifications Six scientists and one government official who had publically dismissed a warning by a local amateur researcher who claimed to have evidence of an imminent large quake were accused of misinforming the public Following an unprecedented trial of the scientists that drew international attention they were given six-year jail sentences for manslaughter in 2012 but the scientists were cleared on appeal in 2014. which shares some similarities with the 2009 event is a continuation of the region's expected tectonic activity “predicting earthquakes reliably is but a distant dream” No damages were reported at the National Institute of Nuclear Physics’s (INFN’s) laboratories in the area in Frascati near Rome and underground at the Gran Sasso Massif near L’Aquila a spokesperson at the INFN headquarters in Rome Further details on the quake are yet to emerge Abbott says: “Taking a coffee this morning in Tuscania which was itself extensively damaged by a deadly quake in 1971 This article is reproduced with permission and was first published on August 24 Quirin Schiermeier works for Nature magazine First published in 1869, Nature is the world's leading multidisciplinary science journal Nature publishes the finest peer-reviewed research that drives ground-breaking discovery and is read by thought-leaders and decision-makers around the world Subscribe to Scientific American to learn and share the most exciting discoveries innovations and ideas shaping our world today Scientific American is part of Springer Nature which owns or has commercial relations with thousands of scientific publications (many of them can be found at www.springernature.com/us) Scientific American maintains a strict policy of editorial independence in reporting developments in science to our readers Quirin Schiermeier works for Nature magazine Nature is the world's leading multidisciplinary science journal FLICKR Gran Caffe L’Aquila opened a week ago at 1716 Chestnut Street The bi-level space is open from morning to night The restaurant shares more than just the name with the Abruzzo Gran Caffe L’Aquila Local restaurateur Riccardo Longo has brought in World Cup of Gelato winner Stefano Biasini and Michele Morelli in on the project that was heavily damaged by an earthquake in 2009 Upon entering the downstairs space you’re greeted with a gelato counter with 24 flavors Next to those options are the drinks and the cashier In the back is an Italian-style (no seats) bar for enjoying wine and a bite The opposite wall offers seating in two-and-four-tops a full-sit down restaurant will begin service next week The upstairs also features a gelato lab and will offer Italian language classes and wine tastings The menu tops out at $29.50 for a veal shank and $14.50 for a pappardelle with pork, veal, lamb and chicken. An additional weekly menu (PDF) will focus on different areas of Italy Gelato from a World Cup of Gelato champion Gran Caffe L'Aquila offers a selection of panini Gran Caffe L’Aquila [Foobooz] Meet the Chefs Reimagining the Cheesesteak 10 Un-Brie-Lievable Philly-Area Cheese Makers and Mongers The dates displayed for an article provide information on when various publication milestones were reached at the journal that has published the article activities on preceding journals at which the article was previously under consideration are not shown (for instance submission Journal of Cleaner ProductionCitation Excerpt :The Dynamic LCA system can be used as a possible tool to determine the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) in accordance with the European Commission Recommendation 2013/179/EU which aims at the significant goal of introducing common methodologies to measure and communicate environmental performance in the life cycle of products and organizations The environmental assessment system conducted with Dynamic LCA can also be used in eco-design framework to evaluate alternative process and product scenarios integrating it with economic (D’Adamo et al. This research has highlighted some critical issues that should be explored in future studies All content on this site: Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. University of Melbourne provides funding as a founding partner of The Conversation AU You’ll know by now that six scientists and a government official have been found guilty of manslaughter (as reported yesterday) and sentenced to six years in prison for how they assessed and communicated risk prior to the L’Aquila earthquake that killed 309 people in 2009 So what can we, in earthquake science, take from these convictions? If we choose to educate the public during an earthquake sequence – as I did ahead of last year’s Christchurch earthquake – how responsible are we for any apparent surprises that eventuate Does state-of-the-art science really enable us to speak confidentially about “low-probability” events And is there a way to better communicate risk to the general public The Italian verdict was not due to the scientists’ failure to “predict” the earthquake, which most scientists generally agree is not possible with our current knowledge of precursory phenomena (such as foreshocks the prosecutor reasoned that “inadequate” risk assessment and scientifically incorrect messages were given in public statements prior to the earthquake After months of small (magnitude 3.5 to 4.1) earthquakes leading up to the L’Aquila earthquake, one of the individual’s indicted, Bernardo De Bernardinis, stated: “the scientific community tells me there is no danger because there is an ongoing discharge of energy …” The inferencence was that these small earthquakes were reducing the possibility of a major quake Certainly a statement from one member of the group at the time of the L'Aquila quake – Enzo Boschi then-president of Italy’s National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) in Rome – was both well-balanced and informative: It is unlikely that an earthquake like the one in 1703 [a devastating earthquake that previously hit L’Aquila] could occur in the short-term but the possibility cannot be totally excluded Many seismologists consider that an increase in the frequency of small- to medium-sized earthquakes increases the chances of a large earthquake based on long-established fundamental relationships in seismology But this effect is relatively small in terms of an absolute probability and does not improve earthquake prediction In the past 60 years in Italy, only six of 26 major earthquakes have been preceded by foreshocks and many earthquake swarms have occurred without subsequent large earthquakes Italian scientists concluded that a medium-sized shock in a swarm forecasts a major event within several days only about 2% of the time If they had issued a specific warning that a major earthquake was coming in L’Aquila prior to the event they would have had a 98% chance of being wrong The L’Aquila earthquake occurred on a previously identified and well-monitored fault zone in an area of elevated historical seismicity that was recognised as one of Italy’s most seismically dangerous regions and the possibility of an earthquake of its magnitude occurring in this region following months of seismicity should not have been publicly dismissed A clear lesson here is that the general public should be made aware of all possible scenarios within an earthquake sequence regardless of how small the absolute probability of certain scenarios may seem The prison sentence for the Italian scientists will seem overly harsh to most of us given the highly stressful and complex scientific and political environment that develops during an earthquake sequence One wonders whether appropriate building codes were applied and enforced and whether these scientists would have been off-the-hook if buildings had coped better with the seismic shaking of L’Aquila’s quake It takes a ton of courage for scientists to speak openly about low-probability scenarios particularly if these comments are used to accuse scientists of scaremongering and/or have detrimental impacts on earthquake recovery such as decreasing investor and re-insurer confidence during the rebuild phase and increasing stress levels of local residents Once the sorrow of last February’s Christchurch earthquake subsided to a level where I could refocus I conducted several media interviews and public talks Scientists throughout New Zealand made the public aware after the September 2010 Darfield earthquake in Canterbury New Zealand that a magnitude 6 aftershock was possible The public was also aware potential scenarios could include a shallow earthquake in the region east of the Greendale Fault and that aftershocks beneath Banks Peninsula suggested elevated crustal stresses in that area were being partially accommodated by slip on northeast-oriented faults In an article written for the New Zealand Herald on September 8 2010 My optimistic guess is that we are unlikely to get an aftershock as big as a Mw 6 based on aftershock data from what I felt were similar earthquake sequences in Haiti and Mexico […] [but] we could get a bigger one months from now In retrospect I would have liked to have the former statement back but in truth this was an example of locally based optimism at a time of heightened public anxiety I do feel scientists have a right to voice well-grounded hypotheses provided the justification for said hypotheses and the range of possibilities are publicly presented The last decade has thrown up many seismic surprises, not least the magnitude 9.0 Tohoku earthquake in Japan that was preceded by a magnitude 7.2 foreshock affirming that we still have much to learn about earthquake behaviour on our planet Having been through a catastrophic earthquake sequence beneath one of its major population centres the New Zealand earthquake science community is better placed than before to answer the needs of the public Data sharing with the general public as quickly as possible via all media avenues is being increasingly recognised as an obligatory responsibility by many practising scientists but significant barriers to this process remain Science does not move at the pace of the media and science that requires substantial peer review may be less interesting to the broader public by the time it has undergone a lengthy review process In order to make money from expensive journal subscriptions, many publishers do not allow the authors of scientific articles to disseminate their original work publicly this is inappropriate in a post-disaster environment where the affected public deserve the right to freely scrutinise the raw data that has so often been obtained with public funding Improvements can be made in the way we communicate earthquake science publicly available statements of “absolute probabilities” such as “there is a 9% chance of a magnitude 6 to 6.4 earthquake occurring in the Canterbury aftershock region in the next 12 months” should be contextualised against the “probability increase relative to pre-mainshock probabilities” This could be done with statements such as: “this probability is 100-times greater than the annual probability of a magnitude 6 to 6.4 earthquake occurring in this region prior to the Darfield earthquake” while the absolute chance of a major earthquake is low it is relatively high compared to the way it was before Better integration of fault geometries (or maps) and stress modelling will allow earthquake forecast models to be improved Better understanding of the way seismic energy is soaked up on its way through the crust will provide important information to building codes and assessment of potential damage in future earthquakes When forces as great and unpredictable as earthquakes are involved there is no way – at present – to give all the answers ahead of time But continuing enhancements to the way data is collected analysed and delivered to the public will make things better.