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Please upgrade your browser to improve your experience are focused on the development and production of unique products in lighting and human-machine interfaces respectively for the most reputed brands in luxury automotive almost more than industrialists,” says Santena Site Activity Manager Giancarlo Magi smiling Located just a few kilometers from the Piedmontese capital Valeo’s Santena site has a position of inverse proportion to its modest size (4,700 m2) in the niche market of luxury automotive develops and produces human-machine interface technologies – panel controls etc. – for the most prestigious luxury car brands in particular those that have made the legend of Italian luxury sports cars everything is tailored according to Customer demand being compliant with Group standards at the same time,” emphasizes Giancarlo Magi “Everything that comes off our production lines must be of impeccable quality and aesthetics Beautiful to look at and beautiful to touch.” Since luxury volumes are inherently limited there’s something unique about every piece produced here And the meticulous attention to detail of the site’s 230 or so employees is akin to lacemaking “What’s fundamentally changing with luxury car customers is the pace It’s absolutely incredible the number of new models they’re developing and the speed at which they’re doing it with the constant need to offer innovations the marriage of Valeo and its capacity for innovation with the luxury automobile and its need to constantly offer something new is which produces nearly a hundred front and rear light references for luxury customers flexibility and high reactivity to follow customers’ demand are the factors that make the difference,” says Dario Artusa It takes just a year and a half to develop a product three years for the more traditional automotive industry Valeo’s strength lies in our platforms system This means we can start from a standard base that has already been developed and then customize it to meet the customer’s specific needs This allows us to move much faster and reduce costs This market of super sports cars brings out passion and motivation from our engineers in facing daily challenges Seeing our technologies on these wonderful cars makes us so proud of our work.” Some 190 employees work on the manufacturing and injection lines in the laboratories and in R&D at Valeo Pianezza which covers more than 20,000 m2 and produces mostly the totality of the front lighting systems of a famous Italian luxury brand with the scheduled launch of 10 new products over the next two years A real challenge for the site’s R&D engineers specializing in optics “And a source of great pride for all our employees,” says site manager Vincenzo Mastrandrea “This pride and attachment to the site is reflected in the very high stability of the workforce.” “Italy has a strong automotive tradition symbols of luxury and made in Italy; joining world class technology with tailor made solutions local competences and agility are our strength recognized by all our Customers which allowed us to be successful in this segment” concludes Maurizio Martinelli Valeo Visibility Business Group and Valeo Italy President We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences for future visits However you may visit Cookie Settings to customize your consent it may store or retrieve information on your browser your preferences or your device and is mostly used to make the site work as you expect it to The information does not usually directly identify you but it can give you a more personalized web experience you can choose not to allow some types of cookies Click on the different category headings to find out more and change our default settings blocking some types of cookies may impact your experience of the site and the services we are able to offer These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched off in our systems They are usually only set in response to actions made by you which amount to a request for services You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies but some parts of the site will not then work These cookies do not store any personally identifiable information Functional cookies help perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website These cookies help provide information on metrics such as the number of visitors Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with customized advertisements based on the pages you visited previously and to analyze the effectiveness of the ad campaigns Other cookies are those that are being identified and have not been classified into any category as yet Metrics details Horizontal transfer of genetic material in eukaryotes has rarely been documented over short evolutionary timescales invaded the genomes of multiple species of the melanogaster subgroup within the last 50 years simulans infected the island endemic species D sechellia (Seychelles) with both TEs after 1995 We find that the donors of Shellder and Spoink are likely American Drosophila species from the willistoni the described cascade of TE invasions could only become feasible after D simulans extended their distributions into the Americas 200 years ago Our work reveals that cascades of TE invasions likely initiated by human-mediated range expansions could have an impact on the genomic and phenotypic evolution of geographically dispersed species with distributions very distant from the donor of the TE may not be exempt from such dynamics - as species distributions change and humans transport organisms around the planet they will come into contact with novel genomic invaders such as TEs human activity indirectly influences the evolution of insect genomes Shellder and Spoink rapidly spread in populations of the island endemic species D Species endemic to Central or South America are the likely donors of Shellder and Spoink simulans acted as hubs for transmitting Shellder and Spoink thereby bridging the geographic gap between the American species and the species endemic to the Indian Ocean and Africa Both the Shellder and Spoink invasions only became possible after the range expansion of D initiated by human-mediated range expansion may have a profound impact on the evolution of insect species as many globally dispersed species can get infected by a TE within a short time simulans strains collected during the last 70 years simulans populations during the last centuries Strains having a given TE are shown in red while strains without the TE are green many independent insertions in flamenco were observed consistent with the predictions of the trap model including the most recent strain collected in 2018 in Kiev mauritiana strains collected between 1970 and 2006 B Presence (red) or absence (green) of the TEs in D sechellia strains collected in different islands of the Seychelles sechellia strains based on  > 600,000 autosomal SNPs Note that strains with (red bar) and without (green bar) Shellder and Spoink form two distinct clades In this assembly we found Spoink insertions but no Shellder insertions raising the possibility that Spoink invaded D but not Spoink was lost during the process of inbreeding we found that both Shellder and Spoink have invaded D Based on a patchy geographic distribution in the Seychelles where some island populations have the two TEs while others do not we infer that Shellder and Spoink also invaded D The pronounced population structure observed in D sechellia may be linked to barriers affecting the spread of these two TEs among the islands A Abundance of Shellder in different D teissieri strains sampled at different geographic origins (colours) Spoink and the P-element are shown in the inlays B Presence (red) or absence (green) of Shellder in D teissieri strains collected from different geographic locations teissieri strains based on  > 7mil autosomal SNPs We investigated whether the geographically patchy distribution of Shellder might be linked to population structure in D. teissieri, as was observed in D. sechellia. To test this, we inferred the relationship among D. teissieri strains based on more than 7 million autosomal SNPs. Indeed, strains from Bioko island and mainland Africa form separate clades (Fig. 3A) This suggests that the population structure in D teissieri reflects the presence or absence of Shellder potentially due to geographic barriers limiting the gene flow between island and continental populations it is also possible that the mainland African populations were sampled before Shellder had spread to D the geographically patchy distribution suggests that Shellder The presence/absence pattern of Shellder insertions in geographically distinct populations is linked to their population structure The most likely conclusion is that Shellder and Spoink have not yet invaded D Spoink and P-element insertions in these genomes A Similarity of the consensus sequence of Shellder Spoink and the P-element with TE insertions in 266 long-read assemblies from 243 drosophilids species the similarity (based on the Smith-Waterman alignment score; see M&M) between the given TE and the best match in an assembly The species were arranged by relatedness based on a tree inferred from BUSCO genes C Bayesian tree of Shellder and Spoink insertions in species having at least one complete insertion (see M&M) Multiple entries for a single species represent different insertions of a TE family in a single assembly suggesting that a horizontal transfer from one of these species triggered the recent Shellder invasions The sequence identity between the consensus sequence of Shellder and insertions in these species is very high (e.g. both the Spoink and the Shellder invasions were triggered by horizontal transfer from a South American species the Spoink invasion was likely triggered by a horizontal transfer from the willistoni group whereas the Shellder invasion was triggered by horizontal transfer from the cardini or repleta group Shellder also spread from a species in the saltans group to two Anastrepha species bridging an evolutionary distance of about 60 million years A Summary of species recently invaded by Shellder and Spoink The evidence of recent invasion is either based on time-series data (red) or a patchy geographic distribution of the TE (orange) B Schematic overview of the distribution of the involved species or species groups Shellder and P-element invasions in the melanogaster subgroup Arrows indicate likely horizontal transfer events and numbers provide the approximate year of the invasion this scenario is considered less credible than a transfer from D it is also likely that Shellder infected the two Anastrepha species in South America (all involved species solely occur in South America) we suggest that cosmopolitan species may act as global hubs distributing invading TEs between species separated by wide geographic gaps such as South American species and species endemic to islands in the Indian Ocean we argue that a geographically patchy distribution of a TE should be considered evidence of a recent invasion likely triggered by a recent horizontal transfer It is interesting that the geographically patchy distribution of Shellder (Spoink) in D. sechellia and D. teissieri is linked to population structure (Figs. 2D, 3C) This could just reflect that gene flow and the spread of a TE face similar physical obstacles sechellia on different islands may restrict the migration of flies between the island populations leading to the observed population structure at the genomic level the limited migration of flies between island may be an obstacle to the spread of the TE we can rule out the hypothesis that the presence of either TE is required for the spread of the other demonstrating that both TEs may spread independently This does not rule out that the products of one TE may support the spread of the other Another possibility is that both Shellder and Spoink were transmitted to D Our results suggest that Shellder and Spoink are derived from different species (Spoink from willistoni and Shellder from the cardini or repleta group) making this hypothesis unlikely we cannot rule out that a species that has not yet been sequenced acted as the common donor of both TEs It is most probable that the two TEs are associated by pure coincidence Both Shellder and Spoink may have invaded D simulans around the same time from different donor species in South America simulans then led to the joint spread of both TEs where gene flow again led to the joint colonisation of populations by both TEs It is also feasible that Spoink and the P-element may soon invade D It will be interesting to see whether any of these TEs will spread to more distantly related species of the melanogaster group Our findings suggest that the impact of range expansion on genome invaders extends beyond the species directly involved The cascading effect of TE invasions may ripple across ecosystems affecting even species endemic to isolated islands As climate change and human movement continue to alter species ranges it will be crucial to understand whether such invasion cascades could affect the evolution of global insect species We solely counted insertions with  > 750 bp of length and  < 10% sequence divergence Lack of synteny between the TEs surrounding a Shellder insertion was considered evidence for independent flamenco insertion The alternative would be that genome rearrangements occurred precisely on both borders of Shellder such that a single insertion event no longer contained any of its original neighbouring sequences Further information on research design is available in the Nature Portfolio Reporting Summary linked to this article Mapping the global state of invasive alien species: patterns of invasion and policy responses in Invasive Species and Global Climate Change Linking climate change and species invasion: an illustration using insect herbivores Chun-Sen Potential distribution of invasive crop pests under climate change: incorporating mitigation responses of insects into prediction models A thousand-genome panel retraces the global spread and adaptation of a major fungal crop pathogen Crop pests and pathogens move polewards in a warming world Emerging infectious diseases of plants: pathogen pollution Impacts of biodiversity and biodiversity loss on zoonotic diseases biodiversity loss and the risk of novel infectious disease emergence Urbanization and disease emergence: dynamics at the wildlife–livestock–human interface Selfish DNA: a sexually-transmitted nuclear parasite A unified classification system for eukaryotic transposable elements The enormous repetitive antarctic krill genome reveals environmental adaptations and population insights Mobile elements: drivers of genome evolution Discovery of novel genes derived from transposable elements using integrative genomic analysis On the genetic basis of tail-loss evolution in humans and apes The industrial melanism mutation in British peppered moths is a transposable element A single P450 allele associated with insecticide resistance in Drosophila Accumulation of transposable elements in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster is associated with a decrease in fitness piRNA Clusters need a minimum size to control transposable element invasions P-element invasion fuels molecular adaptation in laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster Experimentally evolving Drosophila erecta populations may fail to establish an effective piRNA-based host defense against invading P-elements Ancient and novel small RNA pathways compensate for the loss of piRNAs in multiple independent nematode lineages Discrete small RNA-generating loci as master regulators of transposon activity in Drosophila A slicer-mediated mechanism for repeat-associated siRNA 5’ end formation in Drosophila Piwi induces piRNA-guided transcriptional silencing and establishment of a repressive chromatin state Transcriptional silencing of transposons by Piwi and maelstrom and its impact on chromatin state and gene expression piRNA clusters and open chromatin structure Recurrent insertion 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M. vcf2phylip v2.0: convert a vcf matrix into several matrix formats for phylogenetic analysis. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2540861 (2019) R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, http://www.R-project.org/ (2012) Busco: assessing genomic data quality and beyond Raxml version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies Astral: genome-scale coalescent-based species tree estimation rpianezza/doubletrouble: Double trouble: two retrotransposons triggered a cascade of invasions in drosophila species within the last 50 years Download references This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Established Programme to Stimulate Competitive Research grants NSF-EPSCoR-1826834 and NSF-EPSCoR-2032756 to SS and by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grants P35093 and P34965 to R.K This work was also supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01-GM083300 and R01-HD108914) to E.C.L and NIH core grant P30-CA008748 to Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre All of the authors would like to thank Colin D mauritiana strains for sequencing and the Petrov lab at Stanford University for hosting the work of H Beaumont for the invaluable feedback on the paper thank all members of the Institute of Population Genetics for feedback and support These authors contributed equally: Almorò Scarpa Vienna Graduate School of Population Genetics discovered the Shellder and Spoink invasions The authors declare no competing interests Nature Communications thanks Rippei Hayashi Silke Jensen and the other anonymous reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-55779-6 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science Creativity on a wearable canvas just might net Springfield High School a big reward The school is one of 25 finalists in the Vans Custom Culture competition where students design artwork on blank shoes around different themes SHS students weaved in designs of the Capitol Building the iconic Route 66 sign and the restaurant logo from the Cozy Drive In Online public voting is taking place through May 15 The winner gets $50,000 for its school’s art program Vans is a California-based manufacturer of skateboarding shoes and related apparel but this is the first time it has been a finalist All four SHS seniors who worked on the designs — Matthew “Seiya” Abe-Bell Allison Scott and Dominick Edwards — are part of an Advanced Placement art course Each student worked on each of the four shoe designs which were submitted for the contest as a package Scott said students got ideas for the history part of it from books Stapleton gave them “I didn’t even know the Cozy Dog was invented here,” Scott admitted “History makes (our design) the most special.” after the school closed in mid-March because of the COVID-19 pandemic Students were still putting finishing touches on the artwork when art teacher Beth Pianezza rescued the shoes from her art room Students had to leave the shoes at one another’s houses when they got finished with a particular section She was the only student who saw the finished product before it was submitted Scott’s “sustained investigation,” or focus for her AP art class “All four kids had such separate styles,” Stapleton said They’re all well-rounded and so creative.” With students at home because of the pandemic All four of the students involved in the project took art classes with Stapleton Pianezza said in the online impact statement is to get students supplies so they are able “to create meaningful artwork while in quarantine.” Stapleton said the award would go toward replacing outdated equipment and supplies and purchasing a pug mill Pianezza added the art department would use part of the award “to teach our students (and) motivate and has the capability to reach across all barriers.” Pianezza said there was also the possibility of community-based art installations and students being mentored by working artists “It would be incredible to have (the prize) for our school,” said Scott who will be attending DePaul University in the fall to study pre-law To vote, go to https://customculture.vans.com/vote/physical%20shoe As one of the founding countries of the company Italy played a key role in the expansion of Valeo which is today one of the biggest automotive suppliers in the world Valeo’s origins in Italy date back to 1964 in Turin when the Société Anonyme Francaise du Ferodo (SAFF) started producing clutch facings for Fiat original equipment the very first plant was built in 1965 in Mondovì the strong expansion of the company continued with the development of Valeo Sud S.p.A which has produced innovative Thermal Solutions for vehicles until 2024 Valeo Italy had inaugurated a Research and Development (R&D) excellence center in Santena (Torino region) to better satisfy customer requirements the expanding company decided to move its regional headquarters from Mondovì to Santena and Valeo’s aftermarket business was created there in 1988 which currently supplies a number of major automakers we strive to create a workplace based on ethics Our employees and their well-being are at the heart of our business and we believe in creating respectful and inclusive workplaces based on these values We develop the technology for tomorrow’s automobile – what about your development Valeo Italy has 3 major production plants located in 3 regions 2 R&D centers and 1 aftermarket distribution platform Italy is a key location for both the Group’s production and its international Research and Development activities is the largest in terms of employees and surface area today The site is focused on the production of Powertrain Systems for the “Gran Turismo” market Initially a Research and Development center the Santena facility is now a multi-activity site: Valeo’s site in Pianezza is focused on lighting solutions providing quality solutions for its customers Metrics details Nicotine is the primary compound in tobacco that establishes and maintains tobacco dependence1 Most of this nicotine is metabolized to cotinine by the genetically variable enzyme CYP2A6 Here we show that individuals lacking full functional CYP2A6 who therefore have impaired nicotine metabolism are significantly protected against becoming tobacco-dependent smokers smokers whose nicotine metabolism is thus impaired smoke significantly fewer cigarettes than those with normal nicotine metabolism Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout in Advances in Behavioural Biology (eds Martin Download references Reprints and permissions Download citation Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health (2015) Leeds City Council leader Councillor James Lewis visited Lille yesterday for the signing ceremony the northern French city’s municipal councillor for international relations The partner cities have signed a new memorandum of understanding as part of efforts to maintain and strengthen co-operation post-Brexit Official local authority website for Leeds providing information on local services Leeds City Council has put pen to paper on an agreement that reaffirms its special relationship with the French community of Lille Leeds has been twinned with Lille for more than 50 years and during that time the two cities have worked closely on a range of arts following the UK’s exit from the European Union the partner cities have signed a new memorandum of understanding as part of efforts to maintain and strengthen co-operation post-Brexit The memorandum pledges that Leeds and Lille will work together in a number of fields of co-operation – including youth mobility climate change and inclusive growth – with a view to supporting local economies enhancing social cohesion and encouraging cultural diversity the northern French city’s municipal councillor for international relations Councillor Lewis and Mr Pianezza held discussions on a number of topics The human cost of Russia’s invasion has been felt particularly keenly in Lille said:                “It was an honour to represent Leeds at the signing ceremony and confirm our ongoing support for the relationship we have enjoyed with Lille for more than half a century “The ceremony came at a time when tragic events elsewhere in Europe are offering a reminder of the importance of understanding and shared values and I thank everyone in Lille for the warm welcome I received “We are very proud of our ties with Lille and our other partner cities around the world These links add an extra dimension to many aspects of life in Leeds “Sharing knowledge and expertise is a fine way of bringing people in different countries closer together – here’s to the next 50 years of our friendship with Lille.” Mr Pianezza added: "The city of Lille is very pleased to have welcomed Councillor Lewis, leader of Leeds City Council to renew the historic cooperation between Lille and Leeds Fifty four years after the officialisation of our partnership through the signature of a new cooperation agreement the links and exchanges of good practices that unite us "As municipal councillor in charge of International and European Relations I attach particular importance to the relationship with Leeds and intend to strengthen this cooperation and our shared values and ideas in no less than six areas of cooperation: climate change and the sustainable city culture and sport - including the theme of sustainable culture - and the fight against discrimination." Leeds and Lille’s relationship was originally formalised with two twinning ceremonies one held in France in October 1968 and the other at Leeds Civic Hall the following April academics and businesses have taken place between the cities Her Majesty’s Ambassador to the French Republic said: “I am delighted that the historic cities of Lille and Leeds have agreed a new MoU to define their future partnership French and British cities have so much to gain by working together to enrich their communities and to tackle common challenges “The British Embassy will continue to support efforts to reinforce regional links between the UK and France I’m certain that the next 50 years of the Lille/Leeds relationship will be exciting ones.” The 50th anniversary of the official start of the Leeds-Lille partnership was marked in 2018 with a tree-planting ceremony at Temple Newsam and an exhibition at Leeds Town Hall Leeds last year underlined its commitment to co-operation with partners across Europe by signing updated memoranda of understanding with another two of its twin cities – Dortmund in Germany and Brno in the Czech Republic The basic concept of establishing formal links between towns and cities in different countries dates back hundreds of years but the popularity of twinning really began to grow during the middle part of the 20th century as communities throughout Europe sought to forge new cross-border connections and heal the scars left by the Second World War Official local authority website for Leeds providing information on local services.