Metrics details the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak to be a pandemic the understandable concern that mosquitoes could transmit the virus began to increase among the general public and public health organisations We have investigated the vector competence of Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus the two most common species of vector mosquitoes in Europe for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Due to the very unusual feeding behaviour of Ae we also evaluated the role of this mosquito in a potential mechanical transmission of the virus mosquitoes were allowed to take several infectious blood meals The mosquitoes were then collected and analysed at 0 albopictus females were allowed to feed for a short time on a feeder containing infectious blood and then on a feeder containing virus-free blood Both mosquitoes and blood were tested for viral presence This is the first study to show that the most common species of vector mosquitoes in Europe do not transmit SARS-CoV-2 and that Ae albopictus is unable to mechanically transmit the virus from a positive host to a healthy host through host-feeding this diurnal species does not make a complete meal with a single bite but it can make short and frequent meals on the same or different hosts we have assessed the vector competence of the two most common mosquito species in Europe We also evaluated potential mechanical transmission of the virus through Ae The study was carried out by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS) and the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe) The mosquitoes used in the experimental infections were from long-established laboratory colonies of Cx albopictus maintained at the ISS Insectary and cages containing 80 females of each species were set up the mosquitoes were starved for 12 h before the experimental infection by depriving them of the sucrose solution which they normally fed on The infection experiment was performed in a Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory (BSL3) cabinet at 28 °C and a relative humidity of about 70% Female mosquitoes were allowed to feed for 120 min through a pig intestine membrane covering a glass feeder containing the blood that was maintained at 37°C by a warm water circulation system albopictus were allowed in parallel to take an uninfected blood meal; these mosquitoes were subsequently monitored during the study to verify the survival of mosquito populations under experimental conditions Experiments at IZSVe were performed on Ae albopictus and followed the same protocol adopted by ISS with slight modifications the virus was diluted 1:20 to achieve a final concentration of 106 PFU/ml in defibrinated sheep blood and a different artificial feeder device was used (Hemotek Inc. Two cages of 80 females from long-established laboratory colonies of Ae albopictus from the Insectary of Entostudio Srl (Ponte San Nicolò After the meal only fully engorged females were selected in a glove box and then transferred and maintained in a climate chamber (26 ± 1 °C; 70% relative humidity; 14/10-h light/dark cycle) with a 10% sucrose solution About 6–12 mosquitoes of both species were individually analysed at each Institute on 0 specimens of each mosquito species were tested to confirm the ingestion of viral particles; at 3 each mosquito was individually examined by separating the body from the legs and wings Mosquito bodies were investigated to evaluate the infection rate (IR) calculated as the number of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-positive bodies compared to the total number of females tested Legs and wings were tested to assess the dissemination rate (DR) calculated as the number of samples with SARS-CoV-2 RNA-positive legs and wings (pooled together) among infected mosquitoes The samples were exchanged between the two Institutes for cross-analysis to strengthen the molecular analysis and make the results more reliable The mechanical transmission test was performed using the same membrane feeding system and under the same conditions as described above on a feeder containing infectious blood at a concentration of 1.2 × 106 PFU/ml the feeder was removed and replaced immediately afterwards with a feeder containing 3 ml of virus-free blood and the mosquitoes were allowed to complete the meal until they became replete the blood was collected and analysed for the viral presence The engorged female mosquitoes were killed and stored at − 80°C for subsequent analysis The blood was subjected to RNA extraction and amplification by qRT-PCR using both protocols Viral titers in Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens bodies analysed at different days post‐infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 The results of the mechanical transmission analysis did not highlight the presence of viral genome in the virus-free blood on which the Ae albopictus mosquitoes completed the meal immediately after feeding partially on a feeder containing infectious blood The engorged mosquitoes were individually analysed by qRT-PCR The viral titer detected in individual mosquitoes was variable ranging from 6.32x102 to 3.44x101 PFU equivalents depending on ingested viral particles by mosquitoes during the disturbed infectious blood meal pipiens larvae and adults born from eggs deposited by potentially infected mosquitoes revealed that there was no vertical transmission of the virus We also investigated the possible mechanical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by the Ae a mosquito species with a diurnal and peculiar trophic activity which can take short and frequent meals on the same or different hosts Aedes albopictus females that had partially fed on the infectious blood and which were disturbed but soon afterwards were allowed to complete their meal with virus-free blood were all positive for the viral genome confirming the ingestion of viral particles by the mosquitoes virus-free blood was analysed and no viral genome was detected This result suggests that mosquitoes which are partially engorged with a first infectious blood meal are unable to mechanically release the virus immediately thereafter upon biting an uninfected host our findings provide additional and definitive scientific evidence that SARS-CoV-2 cannot replicate and spread in mosquitoes through direct ingestion of an infectious blood meal This study also shows for the first time that Ae albopictus is unable to mechanically transmit the virus to a healthy host after first feeding on a SARS-CoV-2-positive host even in the hypothetical case of very high viremia Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie Clinical and virologic characteristics of the first 12 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States Zheng S, Fan J, Yu F, Feng B, Lou B, Zou Q, et al. Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China, January–March 2020: retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2020;369:m1443. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1443 Detectable 2019-nCoV viral RNA in blood is a strong indicator for the further clinical severity Exploring the possibility of arthropod transmission of HCV Identification of hepatitis C virus in the common bed bug—a potential Detection of H5N1 avian influenza virus from mosquitoes collected in an infected poultry farm in Thailand SARS-CoV-2 does not replicate in Aedes mosquito cells nor present in field-caught mosquitoes from Wuhan Huang YS, Vanlandingham DL, Bilyeu AN, Sharp HM, Hettenbach SM, Higgs S. SARS-CoV-2 failure to infect or replicate in mosquitoes: an extreme challenge. Sci Rep. 2020;10:11915. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68882-7 Riccardo F, Bolici F, Fafangel M, Jovanovic V, Socan M, Klepac P, et al. West Nile virus in Europe: after action reviews of preparedness and response to the 2018 transmission season in Italy, Slovenia Serbia and Greece. Glob Health. 2020;16:47. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00568-1 Mechanical transmission of lumpy skin disease virus by Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Mechanical transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by mosquitoes The assessment of insecticidal impact on the malaria mosquito's vectorial capacity from data on the proportion of parous females Fortuna C, Remoli ME, Di Luca M, Severini F, Toma L, Benedetti E, et al. Experimental studies on comparison of the vector competence of four Italian Culex pipiens populations for West Nile virus. Parasites Vectors. 2015;8:463. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-1067-z Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) realtime rRT-PCR panel primers and probes. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/rt-pcr-panel-primer-probes.html Corman VM, Landt O, Kaiser M, Molenkamp R, Meijer A, Chu DK, et al. Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR. Euro Surveill. 2020;25(3):2000045. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000045 and vaccines for novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Molecular and serological investigation of 2019-nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes The biology of mosquitoes volume 1: development Janeh M, Osman D, Kambris Z. Damage-induced cell regeneration in the midgut of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Sci Rep. 2017;7:44594. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44594 Download references The authors thank Franco Mutinelli for his support in BLS3 IZSVe (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie) Marina Sbattella and Ambrogio Carlei for technical support and Antonio Di Virgilio for veterinary assistance (Istituto Superiore di Sanità) The study was partially funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme Claudia Fortuna and Fabrizio Montarsi contributed equally to this work LT conceived and coordinated the study; CF LT and AA performed the mosquito infection and subsequent sampling; CF and AA processed the mosquitoes and the blood of the mechanical transmission; GM performed the biomelocular analyses on the mosquitoes; CF wrote the manuscript together with MDL; GR read and revised the manuscript MB and AM performed the mosquito infection and subsequent sampling; SR performed the biomolecular analyses on the mosquitoes; GC critically revised the manuscript All authors read and approved the final manuscript The protocol for routine blood mosquito feeding was approved by the Service for Biotechnology and Animal Welfare of the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute of Health) and was authorised by the Italian Ministry of Health with Decree 222/2011-B which was implemented in Italy through European Directive 86/609/EEC on laboratory animal protection the presence and approval of an Ethical Committee is not required The animals used in this study were housed and treated in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Legislative Decree 116/92 guidelines and animal welfare was routinely checked by veterinarians from the Service for Biotechnology and Animal welfare were from the animal facility of the ISS; blood was collected from the ear vein of the rabbit according to the European legislation for the care and the use of laboratory animals All efforts were made to minimize animal suffering and a commercial certified defibrinated sheep blood was used (Batch 19420.1) very common in Italy (used for making sausages); it can be found in every butcher store or supermarket We just rinsed it with a saline solution and cut a square portion before use The authors declare that they have no competing interests Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04578-9 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article Continuando a navigare questo sito acconsenti all'utilizzo dei cookie sul browser come descritto nella nostra Cookie Policy The exhibition is dedicated to the 9 women and 11 men who inspired the creation of the European Union in which we live today The main intention of the exhibition is to emphasize how these women and men were convinced that the people of Europe while remaining proud of their identity and their national history were determined to overcome the old divisions and build together their common destiny The aim of the exhibition is to spread the understanding of the European Union and citizenship among European citizens through the knowledge of the common European history Indirizzi PEC del Comune di Venezia Call Center Unico tel. (+39) 041 2747070 On joint initiative of the Human Rights Centre of the University of Padua Democracy and Peace" of the same University and of the National Coordinating Body of Local Authorities for Peace and Human Rights 100 Municipal Councils of big and small Italian cities - from Sondrio to Ragusa from Este (Padua) to Ponte San Nicolò (Padua) - have so far adopted a petitionary motion for the international recognition of the human right to peace Also the Regional Council of Veneto has approved the same petitionary motion The initiative aims to support the work of the Intergovernmental Group of the UN Human Rights Council that is currently involved in discussing the draft of the United Nations Declaration on the Right to Peace The Italian Municipalities are showing a direct interest in the debate currently taking place in Geneva due also to the fact that most of their Statutes include a norm which referring at the same time to the Italian Constitution and to the International Human Rights Law recognises peace as a fundamental right of individuals and people (the so called “peace and human rights” norm): this situation is still a unique case in the world the Italian sub-national legislation is preceding the formal process of international legal positivisation on the subject Strengthened by this original legitimation and referring to Article 1 of the “United Nations Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals Groups and Organs of Society to promote and protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms” a delegation of Mayors representing the City Councils that have adopted the above-mentioned petitionary motion will be in Geneva at the Palais des Nations on Monday 23 June in order to deliver a copy of the Councils’ deliberations to Ambassador Christian Guillermet President of the intergovernmental Human Rights Council Working Group Permanent Representative of Italy to the United Nations to the Representative of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations The initiative joins the International Campaign for the recognition of the human right to peace  promoted by the Human Rights Centre and the UNESCO Chair "Human Rights Democracy and Peace" of the University of Padua by the Franciscan Order of the Sacro Convento di San Francesco di Assisi by the National Coordinating Body of Local Authorities for Peace and Human Rights the Peace Roundtable (Tavola della Pace)  and the Peace Network PerugiaAssisi a “Virgin Mary who is called of the Pillar,” a work that has been heavily reworked today although not to the point of totally obscuring the typical features of Stefano di Benedetto’s art (delicate complexions The fresco assigned to him is the one on the lower level and it depicts four saints (including Saint Bartholomew recognizable by the iconographic attribute of the knife and hold the jar of ointments that identifies their profession as doctors) we find a fragmentary Madonna Enthroned with Child originally facing an anonymous patron on her right and bordered by several frames decorated with plant motifs and medallions with portraits of Roman emperors but not only that: an inscription has been brought back to legibility that would place the painting around 1410 a painter active in Padua in the late 14th and early 15th centuries whose main work is the polyptych in the church of San Fidenzio in Roncaiette di Ponte San Nicolò the Paduan Madonna represents the apex of the anonymous artist’s career the moment of closest proximity to the art of Gentile da Fabriano “Even if the attribution is not confirmed by subsequent analysis,” reads a note “it would be an important testimony to the Umbrian Renaissance which is still firmly rooted in late Gothic figurative culture but which by now preludes Humanism and the art of Mantegna and Donatello of which important examples had not yet been identified in the Basilica del Santo early 15th-century painting also comes to be documented with a fresco of high quality.” studies continue in the Basilica of the Saint not only on the frescoes in the Chapel of the Madonna Mora (in fact various diagnostic analyses are allowing scholars to verify the state of conservation of the frescoes and plasters present partially financed by the CIRCe Center (Interdepartmental Research Center for the Study of Cementitious Materials and Hydraulic Binders) which has signed an agreement with the Venerable Ark of St researchers who are part of the Center and the European infrastructure IPERION CH (MOLAB) have collaborated regarding diagnostic techniques on the paintings and plasters theCNR-ISAC Institute (Padua Unit) regarding environmental monitoring and measurements and from the Department of Cultural Heritage at UNIPD regarding geophysical and multispectral surveys “had two main objectives: on the one hand the in-depth investigation of the visible fourteenth-century surfaces and those covered by the seventeenth-century plaster of the central portion of the eastern part These investigations were carried out using state-of-the-art diagnostic techniques capable of penetrating to various depths beneath the surface layers monitoring of the climatic situation of the hall and the state of conservation and degradation of the frescoes we focused on the two portions of plaster discovered during the works carried out before 1900 which reveal two fragments of a crucifixion hypothesizing from the two fragments what the structure of the crucifixion and the position of the crucified Christ figure might have been the investigations focused on the upper part of the wall and in particular at the height of the false tympanum frescoed in the mid-17th century where the Franciscan coat of arms is visible geognostic investigations carried out in depth on the masonry have shown that there is no evidence of openings or infill that would suggest the removal of the original fresco to make room for doors Based on the investigations carried out with laser interferometry (DHSPI) it was found that there are numerous points where the visible portions of the fresco extend continuously under the seventeenth-century plaster; moreover further investigations carried out with very high-frequency imaging (THz imaging) revealed the presence of microstructures referable to a halo with grooves and golden reflector quite similar to those measured on the halo present in the visible part of the fresco The area studied should therefore refer to the halo of the head of Christ on the cross would still be present in the central area of the painting there are still large portions of the Giottesque fresco yet to be recovered under the surface layer Below are photos of the frescoes in the Madonna Mora Chapel the Human Rights Centre will celebrate Human Rights Day 2014 focusing on the issue “We have a right to peace” at Aula Magna “Galileo Galilei” of the University of Padua the event will represent a very important and significant moment due to the fact that almost 300 Italian municipalities provinces and regions have approved the petitionary motion for the international recognition of peace as a fundamental right of individuals and peoples The ongoing mobilization in Italy has aroused great interest at the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the 47 Member States of the Council of Europe thanks to the initiative of the Municipality of Strasbourg the President of the Intergovernmental Working Group of the UN Human Rights Council is conducting informal consultations at the Human Rights Council in Geneva on the finalisation of the text of the United Nations Declaration on the Right to Peace The challenge is now to put pressure on the Intergovernmental Working Group to conclude its work by delivering a Document that truly recognizes the human right to peace and the related legal obligations without being another example of general guidelines on the culture of peace Among the delegations that have already confirmed their participation represented by the Municipality of Assisi and by the Sacro Convento of San Francesco All the mayors who are currently committed to building peace from the bottom and who are trying to make their voice directly heard by the United Nations will play a central role on this occasion and representatives of non-governmental organisations are also invited to participate in the event If you want to participate, please complete the following online form to register The event will be broadcast live on Radio Bue - The web radio of the University of Padua http://www.radiobue.it/ Rector of the University of PaduaMarco Mascia Director of the Human Rights CentreMaria Luisa Coppola The strategic importance of the right to peace Presentation of the proposal addressed to the Human Rights Council of the United Nations Delegate of the Sacro Convento of San Francesco of Assisi Video "We have a Right to Peace" Peace March PerugiAssisi The Cities for Human Rights and Peace  Rovereto; President of the Active citizenship Commission Human Rights Club of StrasbourgFlavio Lotti Director of the National Coordination of Local Authorities for Peace and Human Rightsd President of the Association Beati Costruttori di Pace Video "Peace Has Your Signature" Peace Without Borders the Associations and the Civil Service for Peace and Human Rights student of the Master Degree in Human Rights and Multi-level Governance of the University of PaduaErsilia Filosa and Monica Dario Regional Delegate of the Civil Service volunteers Video Students of the University of Padua at the PerugiAssisi National mourning for Pope Francis affects Liberation celebrations throughout Italy The recent death of Pope Francis has deeply shaken Italy leading to a series of changes in the celebrations of April 25 the day that commemorates the Liberation from Nazi-fascism have decided to cancel or limit traditional events as a sign of respect for the national mourning This decision has sparked a heated political and social debate highlighting the different sensitivities present in the country Municipalities such as Ono San Pietro and Cividate Camuno have already canceled the parades planned for Liberation Day Domodossola has also taken a similar measure including the Democratic Party and the Five Star Movement The controversy has also spread to Romano di Lombardia The imposed regulation prohibits the performance of musical pieces thus limiting the expression of a fundamental historical moment for the country The decision to limit the celebrations has generated mixed reactions a center-right civic mayor has decided to stop the traditional procession a center-left council has opted to cancel the celebrations as a sign of respect the mayor has also reduced the length of the procession and has invited political parties not to display flags but without the traditional municipal band a decision that has raised questions about the management of the celebrations at such a delicate moment The list of municipalities that have decided to modify the celebrations is long and extends along the entire Peninsula This situation highlights not only the respect for the figure of Pope Francis but also the different interpretations of mourning and historical memory The events planned in the State Archives and other public places have been postponed or canceled a sign that mourning has had a profound impact on every aspect of public life The issue raises questions about how historical memory and respect for public figures can coexist in a context of celebrating freedom and democracy Notizie.it is a newspaper registered with the Court of Milan n.68 on 01/03/2018 Impara come descrivere lo scopo dell'immagine (si apre in una nuova scheda) Lascia vuoto se l'immagine è puramente decorativa