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Bank accounts are blocked for Radio Maria in Nicaragua. The radio station has announced that it can no longer access its savings at the Banco de la Producción
stated that the block was "without justification." Later
it was announced that the decision was due to a lack of up-to-date documentation
Radio Maria said it was "confident that it could continue its work of evangelisation."
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Mirabaud is aiming to strengthen its foothold in the Latin American wealth management market and double its assets in the region by 2030
The Swiss private bank currently oversees $4bn in assets across its offices in Uruguay and Brazil and has been growing its presence across the region
Mirabaud has used its Uruguayan office to expand its business in the Southern Cone under the leadership of Fabio Kreplak
to serve a growing international client base, the group said in a press release
existing Philippine fintechs concentrate almost exclusively on payments
and infrastructure constraints limit their reach
The result is a widening gap between the country’s enormous underbanked population and the expanding range of innovative financial technologies lying just beyond its borders
The banking penetration rate remains among the lowest in the region
and traditional financial institutions focus heavily on commercial lending
and digitally savvy population with little access to financial services that meet their needs
new entrants that move swiftly and offer products tailored to the needs of underbanked businesses and consumers
will be able to establish strong market positions
while latecomers will struggle to stand out in an increasingly crowded field
regulators are laying the necessary groundwork for digital financial services and digital-first business models
other technology-driven financial subsectors have only begun to emerge
Traditional banks remain focused on wholesale banking and have been slow to reach new customers outside their existing client base
Rural areas are home to nearly half the population
yet rural households are especially underserved
and many have little or no access to brick-and-mortar banking infrastructure
Corporations receive 76 percent of all loans, one of the largest shares worldwide (Exhibit 3)
while small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) continue to face binding credit constraints
The Philippines has an estimated 15 million informal entrepreneurs and self-employed workers—a massive pool of would-be borrowers with little access to traditional finance
retail lending is heavily concentrated in a narrow band of wealthy households
This unbalanced distribution of existing loans—combined with a rapidly growing adult population
continuous broad-based gains in household income
ongoing regulatory efforts to promote financial inclusion
and the introduction of new digital technologies—makes retail lending especially prone to disruption and accelerated growth
and the onboarding procedures of traditional banks are often needlessly cumbersome
the country’s nascent mobile-banking subsector already offers basic accounts that can be opened with nothing more than an ID card and a selfie
as well as restricted accounts that require only a phone number
the government recently launched the SIM Registration Act (SRA)
linking cellular SIM cards with verified users
The remaining 15 percent of unbanked Filipinos point to a lack of trust in financial institutions as their chief reason for not opening an account
This attitude may prove to be the most enduring challenge to the expansion of retail banking
especially among SMEs and lower-income households
fintech firms and nonbank financial service providers have stepped into the gap
offering innovative solutions designed to meet the needs of small-scale borrowers with limited financial documentation and low levels of trust in the banking system
a combination of weak information infrastructure and limited risk appetite has discouraged existing banks from courting new market segments
especially thin-file customers with small ticket sizes
given the perceived high risk and low profitability of the segment
the existing fintech sector has grown almost exclusively on payments and currently commands a negligible share of the lending market
with all the associated transaction records and fees
yet traditional banks have not systematically incorporated remittance income into their lending decisions
Remittances play an especially vital economic role in rural areas
where households are least likely to have access to bank accounts
Domestic payment services such as GCash and Maya are explicitly targeting remittance transactions
disrupting the established model of brick-and-mortar service providers
about $30.5 billion in remittances flows into the Philippines
Recognizing the untapped potential of digital financial services
the government recently launched a reform program designed to increase competition in traditional banking while facilitating the growth of fintech alternatives
The centerpiece of this effort is the central bank’s aggressive target of 70 percent banking penetration by 2030
the authorities have relaxed limits on foreign ownership
The bank-licensing process has been streamlined
Foreign firms (with a minority local partner) can acquire small rural banks
and foreign banks can establish wholly owned subsidiaries
The alignment of Philippine regulations with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) has sharply lowered compliance costs for established international financial firms
The introduction of digital banking licenses has further reduced the country’s already-low minimum capital requirements and allowed fully foreign entities to obtain a banking license
opening the simplest accounts now requires only a phone number or an ID card
The central bank’s unified QR code payments infrastructure (QRPh) has cut person-to-merchant (P2M) transaction costs while further expanding the reach of digital payments systems
and the introduction of InstaPay and PesoNet is enabling at-scale transactions via electronic bank transfers
incumbent banks will need to adapt quickly or risk a permanent loss of market share
The traditional banking sector has already proven vulnerable to digital innovation
digital financial service providers performed especially well during the COVID-19 pandemic
creating more shareholder value than the entire banking sector (Exhibit 4)
the market value of the country’s traditional banks increased by $2.2 billion
while the total market value of the top three fintech firms rose by $3.0 billion
Established banks have been slow to embrace the more transformative aspects of digital finance
their efforts have largely focused on creating mobile apps for existing customers and digitizing legacy processes
mounting pressure from fintech firms is spurring innovation in the traditional banking sector
recently launched the Vybe e-wallet on its mobile app
Vybe offers many of the same services as GCash and Maya
and its uptake by a traditional bank illustrates the efforts of incumbent financial institutions to compete with fintech service providers in their native market segments
UnionBank has begun offering fully digital financial services to underbanked consumers via its UnionDigital Bank proposition
While competition in digital financial services is clearly intensifying
dominant players have yet to emerge outside the mobile-payments subsector
Six digital banks have recently launched operations in the Philippines
are payments providers that have recently expanded into lending
Maya has obtained a dedicated digital banking license
while GCash distributes consumer-finance loans both from itself and from third parties
Though their customer bases together encompass more than half the Philippine population
these digital pure plays are capturing only a small fraction of the market for digital financial services
fintechs and digital banks must address their own unique challenges
including transforming operations and improving profitability to sustain growth momentum
an experienced international firm with market-tested products could take a strong position in high-value segments while facing far less resistance from entrenched competitors than it would in a more mature environment
New entrants equipped with an understanding of the local economic and regulatory context can swiftly establish a consumer base and begin building brand recognition
while firms that lack on-the-ground knowledge may encounter unexpected technical
and administrative obstacles despite the improving business climate
Partnering with an established domestic player can provide vital information on local market conditions
and such partnerships can offer incumbents a chance to expand their offerings rapidly while leveraging the experience of an international counterpart
The fintech landscape also offers considerable scope for unilateral expansion by existing banks that are willing to move beyond their existing customer base
and invest in their capacity for innovation
The underserved rural sector is well suited to digital-first or hybrid offerings
and recent changes to onboarding requirements and agent-banking rules are designed to enable digital service providers to maximize the impact of the country’s limited rural banking infrastructure
While the Philippines presents highly attractive opportunities for expansion
the way foreign firms and existing Filipino conglomerates choose to enter the fintech sector will have a major impact on their growth and competitiveness
Universal banking licenses are available to fully foreign-owned banks that are established
Domestic and foreign banks no longer require separate licenses and are subject to the same minimum capital requirement of $55 million to obtain a universal banking license
the government approved the creation of a digital banking license that allows for full foreign ownership and entails a capital requirement of just $19 million
provided that the bank maintains a principal or headquarters in the Philippines
Six digital banks are licensed under this dedicated regime
but no new applications will be accepted until 2024
Expert advice from a partner with detailed knowledge of the application process will be a critical asset for any firm that wishes to obtain a license when the process reopens
Universal banking licenses and dedicated digital licenses each confer specific advantages
but the simplest way for a foreign player to access the Philippine market may be to acquire a small rural bank and repurpose it for digital banking
Many have already been acquired for less than $5 million—a fraction of the cost in comparable markets—and their minimum paid-up capital ranges from $1 million to $3.6 million depending on the number of branches
This approach will be especially attractive in the near term
given the relatively long wait time for a universal banking license and the suspended application process for digital licenses
Seabank Philippines offers a prime example of this strategy in action
Seabank acquired a majority stake in Banco Laguna Inc
it obtained an Electronic Products and Financial Services (EPFS) Type A License
which enabled it to launch its digital-first proposition nationwide
Limited information infrastructure remains a serious challenge
The narrow coverage of a unique national ID complicates know-your-customer (KYC) compliance
and the nascent credit bureau database offers only a limited appraisal of prospective borrowers’ creditworthiness
The underdevelopment of traditional financial systems presents additional obstacles
with low rates of point-of-sale penetration (0.1 percent) and credit card uptake (9 percent)
QR-based P2M and e-wallets appear to be leapfrogging credit card networks
Internet penetration is relatively high at 73 percent
The opportunities presented by the vast greenfield market for digital finance in the Philippines far outweigh the risks
but a keen awareness of the challenges facing fintech service providers will offer a critical advantage
Navigating the rapidly shifting landscape of digital finance in the Philippines requires understanding the sector’s structural limitations
and position within the global fintech ecosystem
An experienced partner with a deep understanding of the local context can enable new entrants to outmaneuver foreign and domestic competitors and position themselves to enjoy decades of growth in a dynamic emerging economy
Guillaume de Gantès is a senior partner in McKinsey’s Southeast Asia office, where Hernan Gerson is an associate partner, and Kristine Romano is a partner in the Manila office
The authors wish to thank Aaron Ong for his contributions to this article
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2024 at 6:30 AM ESTBookmarkSaveLock This article is for subscribers only.For years
Mexico was an afterthought among investment bankers
a perennial underperformer overshadowed by Brazil
Suddenly there’s growing conviction on Wall Street that the country is on the cusp of a breakout
if it can avoid squandering the opportunity
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Santander has announced the re-organisation of its global transaction banking (GTB) division
Yago Espinosa de los Monteros will head up global cash management in GTB
responsible for the development and sale of specialised solutions for managing payment collection
liquidity and communications for the bank’s corporate and insurance-sector clients
As GTB head of trade and working capital solutions
Rogier Schulpen will be responsible for optimising Santander’s working capital product offering
specifically products related to receivables
and developing products’ risk-mitigating structures
Octaviano Couttolenc will head up export and agency finance
working closely with ECAs and multilateral agencies to originate
structure and oversee financing activities like buyer and supplier credits and guarantees
Alberto Amo will be head of GTB trade asset solutions
co-ordinating trade flow product plans for corporate clients whilst taking responsibility for solutions requiring legal counsel on regulatory
Julia García Romano becomes Santander’s GTB head of international financial institutions (IFI)
covering the sale and development of GTB products to clients in that segment
GTR reported on Calderon’s appointment as global head of GTB at Santander
Previously head of GTB in Spain and Portugal
he has 16 years’ transaction banking experience
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