KAUA‘I SANCTUARY IS HUGELY POPULAR WITH NATIVE AND TRANSPACIFIC WATER BIRDS Kaua‘i – West Kaua‘i’s Mānā Plain is attracting larger numbers of native waterbirds and migratory shore birds than DLNR  Division of Forestry and Wildlife (DOFAW) biologist Jason Vercelli has ever seen in his 18 years of work in the wetlands and the Koloa duck — and they’re sharing the 100 acres of wetlands with migratory shorebirds Vercelli has nearly as many stories about his long service as there are birds ranging from tales about birds’ cultural significance to how to manage wetlands for optimal conditions In the early 1900s it was drained for agricultural purposes and that’s the primary reason the four endangered water birds are of concern in the 1990s the state decided to restore some of that lost habitat Another 50 acres of newer wetlands adjoins it and another 50 acres is set to become part of the larger sanctuary soon,” Vercelli explained All 150 acres will be managed as the Mānā Plain wetland restoration project The sanctuary has created intense interest from nature lovers especially this time of year when parents and their offspring fill the air with flight “People come out here to see birds they don’t usually see I have a lot of school kids come out and help with work and enjoy the place We have volunteer days where people can come out and enjoy the area and get a little dirty at times Perhaps the most fascinating stories Vercelli shares are about the visiting birds “We’re seeing a lot of migratory birds now Pretty soon they’re going to start staging where they come together as groups and then head back to the mainland,” he said “I think they’re more relaxed flying to the continent as it’s a bigger target how they find this little rock out here in the middle of the Pacific.” In addition to creating a paradise for birds and bird lovers the Mānā Plain wetlands provide important ecological services It helps clean and clarify water before it deposits sediment out on the reef It acts as a natural filter and furthers the concept of care for the ‘aina because the water we draw out of this canal has a lot of sediment in the water It cleans up the water before it goes out to the reef Much of Vercelli’s work these days involves management of the wetland by improving bird habitat and conducting water manipulation to keep the basins full of water and at optimal levels for various seasons At other times he needs to drop the water level to create more breeding and nesting habitat Vercelli sums up nearly two decades of work saying “I can have a bad day and then come out here and see something and just seeing this and getting feedback from the people and just knowing that I was helpful in developing this is definitely a pride factor.” He wants to continue to see the bird sanctuary grow and thrive DOFAW has a grant to establish a visitor’s center which Vercelli says would be a really nice addition HD video – Hugely Popular: Kaua‘i Sanctuary for Waterbirds and Shorebirds (web feature): https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/2sldo0pj8wtypk4javw8x/Hugely-Popular-Kaua-i-Sanctuary-for-Native-Transpacific-Birds.mov?rlkey=ntfyxl50jvrht4uixstauzwrn&st=vldobjud&dl=0 HD video – Mānā Plain wetland restoration project media clips (April 11 https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/jrbuz028tixgq1vmyzb85/Kaua-i-Waterbird-Sanctuary-media-clips-April-11-2025.mov?rlkey=y2lab9i2gr56vfckhe9pxrow9&st=y8oqc5bp&dl=0 Photographs – Mānā Plain wetland restoration project media clips (April 11 https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fo/19d83pna2ki7c9cjbfmry/AJrn7VIrdTDKc5nYZcBjPkI?rlkey=2gj6ag0ds2hpwu1c15gafw9ve&st=dre3zxhf&dl=0 [email protected] © 2025 BVM Sports. Best Version Media, LLC. showcasing top gymnasts from various clubs Elena Colas from Libertas Vercelli won the all-around title with a score of 56.200 followed closely by Kaylia Nemour from Renato Serra with 55.950 Team competition saw Libertas Vercelli clinch first place overall with a combined score of 161.050 driven by strong performances across all apparatuses teams will focus on improving their performances ahead of upcoming national and international competitions This final result may influence selections for future championships Elena Colas' victory and Libertas Vercelli's triumph underscore their competitive edge in Italian gymnastics setting a high standard for the rest of the season Maintaining this momentum will be crucial as teams prepare for future challenges The summary of the linked article was generated with the assistance of artificial intelligence technology from OpenAI We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it OK Privacy policy 07 Apr 2025 18:30:00 GMT?.css-1txiau5-AnswerContainer{color:var(--GlobalColorScheme-Text-secondaryText2);}AlbinoLeffe won 3–1 over Pro Vercelli on Mon Predicted lineups are available for the match a few days in advance while the actual lineup will be available about an hour ahead of the match The current head to head record for the teams are AlbinoLeffe 3 win(s) Have scored 3 goals in their last 5 matches Who won between AlbinoLeffe and Pro Vercelli on Mon 07 Apr 2025 18:30:00 GMT?AlbinoLeffe won 3–1 over Pro Vercelli on Mon 07 Apr 2025 18:30:00 GMT.InsightsHave scored 8 goals in their last 5 matches AlbinoLeffe is playing home against Pro Vercelli on Mon Browse Departments & Services Home Digital Asset Law Committee Courses Scholarship Advisory Council Students News & Events Compliance & Ethics Certificate Back to top A member in good standing with multiple bar associations, she holds a Master of Laws in International Law (LL.M.) from Georgetown University and a Juris Doctor (JD) from The American University Washington College of Law. Volume 14 - 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2020.572013 Onuf’s nucleus is a small group of neurons located in the ventral horns of the sacral spinal cord The motor neurons (MNs) of Onuf’s nucleus innervate striated voluntary muscles of the pelvic floor and are histologically and biochemically comparable to the other somatic spinal MNs these neurons also show some autonomic-like features as they receive a strong peptidergic innervation The review provides an overview of the histological and gene expression peculiarities of Onuf’s nucleus it describes the aging-related pathologies as well as several traumatic and neurodegenerative disorders in which its neurons are involved: indeed Onuf’s nucleus is affected in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Shy-Drager Syndrome (SDS) whereas it is spared in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) We summarize here the milestone studies that have contributed to clarifying the nature of Onuf’s neurons and in understanding what makes them either vulnerable or resistant to damage these works can offer the possibility to develop new therapeutic strategies for counteracting neurodegeneration the Russian neuroanatomist Bronislaw Onuf (Onufrowicz) identified and described a group of neurons located in the human sacral spinal cord and involved in the innervation of the pelvic floor: he called this formation “nucleus X,” later renamed after him “Onuf’s nucleus.” and this subdivision is generally still used Onuf’s nucleus motor neurons (MNs) Localization of Onuf’s MNs (in black those innervating ischiocavernosus muscle in the dorsolateral column) in rat spinal cord by horseradish-peroxidase retrograde transport Dendrites form characteristic dendritic bundles The dotted line in panel (A) outlines the gray matter Scale bars: 100 μm in panels (A,B) Onuf’s (ON) MNs are located in the ventral horns of the upper sacral segment and innervate sphincters and muscles of the pelvic and perineal regions the ischiocavernosus (and its equivalent in females Schematic summary of the higher-order projections to Onuf’s nucleus Onuf’s nucleus (ON) receives direct projections from the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (Pa; in blue) The periaqueductal gray (PAG) in the mesencephalon controls the pelvic floor by stimulating the pelvic organ stimulating center (POSC; in red) which in turn projects to inhibitory interneurons in the sacral cord that finally innervate Onuf’s nucleus PAG sends efferent fibers to the nucleus retroambiguus (NRA; in green) in the medulla which is then connected with Onuf’s MNs which innervate the muscles determining the abdominal pressure The strongest afferents to the PAG originate from different brain areas (identified in purple) such as the medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) the lateral Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis (BNST) and the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala (CeA) projections from the limbic system and prefrontal cortex reach the PAG that then projects to the pelvic floor stimulating center (PFSC; in yellow) in the pons which in turn innervates Onuf’s MNs the supraspinal regulation of pelvic tract function depends on multiple paths carrying information between the brain and the spinal cord Pullen et al. (1997) performed several morphological analyses that allowed defining its dimension and the number and size of neurons these results (although referring to a few subjects and not statistically significant) highlighted a slight sexual dimorphism the Onuf’s nucleus volume was 0.299 ± 0.0369 mm3 in males and 0.285 ± 0.0551 mm3 in females; the mean number of MNs was 654 ± 141.8 in males and 610 ± 142.7 in females; on the other hand the mean neuronal size was very similar between sexes (25.94 ± 3.63 μm in males and 26.25 ± 2.25 μm in females) Onuf’s nucleus is spared in diseases in which somatic sacral MNs degenerate [as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)]; on the contrary the nucleus is affected -together with the parasympathetic nuclei in pathologies in which somatic sacral MNs are spared [such as Shy-Drager Syndrome (SDS) Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)] The first group of diseases is characterized by somatomotor neuronal disorders while the second group mainly includes visceromotor neuronal malfunctions this characteristic is rather an indication for its dual instead of a unique autonomic nature this evidence suggests that the real nature of Onuf’s MNs should be investigated biochemically to better define their specificities and to clarify their involvement in the abovementioned pathologies The neurochemical properties of Onuf’s neurons have been initially studied since the later ‘80s Thus, since innervation, peptide pattern distribution and neuronal integrity are lost in somatic MN diseases (such as ALS), and conversely spared in Onuf’s nuclei, it could be speculated that the pattern of innervation and peptide expression contributes to the maintenance of Onuf’s neural integrity (Gibson et al., 1988) These studies demonstrated that gene and/or protein expression analysis of MNs that show differential susceptibility to degeneration can be used to point out candidates to preserve vulnerable MNs. The studies highlight that neuronal vulnerability in the spinal cord could be regulated by the lack of certain beneficial factors and proper innervation, as well as by the increase in susceptibility to noxious molecules (Nijssen et al., 2017) For its peculiarities, Onuf’s nucleus is involved or affected in aging-related pathologies as well as several traumatic and neurodegenerative disorders (as PD and SDS), whereas it is spared in other diseases (ALS, SMA, DMD) that we describe below (Figure 4) Although extremely important in pediatrics here we will not deal with the Onuf’s nucleus development and related defects Selective vulnerability of Onuf’s MNs (A) Onuf’s nucleus is affected in several neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) Parkinsonism Onuf’s MNs are also degenerating in aging-related pathologies Onuf’s nucleus is spared in certain neurodegenerative diseases where somatic MNs are degenerating: for instance Onuf’s MNs are preserved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) The cerebral cortex, POSC, and the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spinal regions control the lower urinary tract. In particular, as described above, the prefrontal cortex, through the medial OFC with its projections to the PAG, plays an important role in micturition (Holstege, 2016) A spinal cord injury (SCI) induces damage at the level of the spinal cord that causes temporary or permanent changes in neuronal function and innervation. Symptoms include loss of sensations, paralysis, or autonomic dysregulation, below the level of the injury (Eckert and Martin, 2017) The change in the expression of serotonin receptors after SCI must be confirmed in human Onuf’s cells but these recent findings suggest the 5-HT7R could be a possible target for therapeutic interventions PD is a severe neurodegenerative pathology due to the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, determining tremors, bradykinesia, rigidity, impaired posture and balance (Beitz, 2014) the rarity of the disease and the limitation in PSP (spinal) sample availability might constitute a restriction in PSP pathophysiological studies and large cohorts of patients are needed to better unravel the involvement of Onuf’s nucleus Muscles innervated by Onuf’s MNs might result in more resistance to denervation due to the higher percentage of small type I muscle fibers compared to other skeletal muscles; the presence of slow MNs in Onuf’s nucleus could partially explain Onuf’s neuron resilience in some neurodegenerative diseases although neuronal perimeter and area of Onuf’s neurons remained stable even in advanced phases of disease Given that in ALS Onuf’s nucleus is only partially vulnerable to the ALS process and the degree of degeneration differs from that observed in other MNs the involvement of Onuf’s nucleus might be slowed due to characteristics specific to this nucleus including its physicochemical and molecular properties Interestingly, also in SMA, the autosomal recessive MN disease representing the most common genetic cause of infant mortality, patients retain both normal eye movements and external sphincter continence. Indeed, oculomotor and Onuf’s nuclei are preserved in SMA as well as in ALS (Sumner et al., 2017) the lack of Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein which is the specific hallmark of MNs in SMA pathology could only partially affect Onuf’s cells Deep transcriptomic analysis in SMA tissues might reveal opposite-expressed genes between Onuf’s and the spinal MNs these studies pave the way to design new therapeutic strategies for counteracting neurodegeneration additional analyses are still needed to better explain the resilience/vulnerability of Onuf’s neurons in other pathologies seen the heterogeneity in the disease etiology and onset in the distribution of vulnerable motor pools (e.g. diaphragmatic function is preserved in SMA and affected in ALS) and molecular targets MB: conceptualization and draft preparation This study was supported by Ministero dell’Istruzione dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR) project “Dipartimenti di eccellenza 2018-2022” and by Girotondo/ONLUS and SMArathon-ONLUS foundations The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest Modeling motor neuron resilience in als using stem cells Central control of penile erection: role of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus Central control of micturition in women: brain-bladder pathways in continence and urgency urinary incontinence Tau and α-synuclein brainstem pathology in Alzheimer disease: relation with extrapyramidal signs “Neuroanatomy of the lower urinary tract,” in Urinary Tract Google Scholar PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Onuf’s nucleus is frequently involved in motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Hormone accumulation in a sexually dimorphic motor nucleus of the rat spinal cord Unravelling the enigma of selective vulnerability in neurodegeneration: motor neurons resistant to degeneration in ALS show distinct gene expression characteristics and decreased susceptibility to excitotoxicity Fecal continence revisited: the anal external sphincter continence reflex relevance to spinal cord injury and treatment: a narrative review Transcription factor mechanisms guiding motor neuron differentiation and diversification Chéhensse The spinal control of ejaculation revisited: a systematic review and meta-analysis of anejaculation in spinal cord injured patients Novel genes associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: diagnostic and clinical implications Effect of age on in vivo urinary bladder function in the rat de Groat, W. 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publish located near Vercelli in the Northern Italian region of Piedmont is an international centre for technological experimentation that seeks to improve employee working conditions enhance the customer experience and make our processes more sustainable Situated just an hours’ drive from the Italian Alps engineers and scientists from all over the world work together at the lab to design test and implement cutting-edge technological solutions that help make Amazon’s global fulfilment centres safer the company can more easily deploy these innovations across its whole operations network enhancing the experience of millions of customers and employees established in 2019 as part of an existing Amazon fulfilment centre (FC) is a hub for the global mechatronics & sustainable packaging team in Europe It also serves as a testing ground for new sustainable packaging as well as a training centre for Amazon Robotics operators while offering start-ups resources to develop their technology the facility was expanded with the addition of a visitor centre which opens for free public tours on 18 September allowing anyone interested to take a close look at the advanced technologies developed here we travelled to Vercelli to take an exclusive tour of the new visitor hub before it opened its doors we were encouraged to scan a QR code to access wifi and stay connected for some surprises throughout the tour Before seeing each FC technology in action visitors enter the “experience centre” which gives an overview of Amazon’s networks A digital map showed us the path from click to delivery demystifying how much goes on behind every customer order: a package can start from land continue its journey on electric vehicles or trucks the tote and the box - and it turns out there’s more to each of these Amazon items than meets the eye Kindles are actually used by FC workers to operate some of the machines (including robots!) the tote is the main carrier of all products and everything in an FC is designed around this one black box the iconic Amazon box is what helps differentiate all the packages that come through the door - but this Amazon "icon" has kept evolving over the years to minimise waste and ensure damage-free delivery The public can get a glimpse of the first prototypes and the evolution of the Flat Sorter Robotic Induct (FSRI) - one of the most important inventions on display at the lab The FSRI identifies the item and assigns it to its final destination It does this by using advanced vision sensors that automate repetitive tasks such as picking individual packages of different sizes and passing them on from the incoming to the outcoming conveyor belt By observing each piece of the machine and seeing the development of an idea coming to life we learned about Amazon’s pivotal cycle of innovation it began by solving one simple problem and moved to tackling more complex challenges sort and move packages faster than ever before The whole visit was a continuous learning experience and in the next stage of the tour we got to see the machines in action Videos and infographics visualise the “before and after” showing how workplaces became safer and more efficient with each new technology we learned how each machine has reduced repetitive tasks and the need to lift heavy weights while also helping them focus on more strategic and important tasks to improve and innovate processes every day The Bags Containerization Matrix Sorter (BCMS) sorts packages directly into bags that will be shipped to the same postal code basically treating the bag as one item in the sortation centre This drastically reduces the use of containers in an FC increasing overall capacity and minimising the physical effort of bending and sorting packages manually told us that you can see long rows of the BCMS in an FC “It makes sorting so much easier for FC workers and basically removes the step of needing to manually sort packages that head to the same direction,” he said he added: “I want visitors to see how every innovation is always focused with the customer in mind I also want them to understand that new technologies are constantly being developed in the heart of Europe The most recent addition to the lab is the Universal Robotic Labeller products with irregular shapes can be labelled and prepared for shipping with and even without packaging This drastically reduces the amount of packaging and helps customers recycle the box more easily Another recent innovation is Amazon’s automated packaging technology already in use at the Bristol FC in the UK builds made-to-fit paper bags on demand around individual items Visitors of the lab can try the technology out for themselves guided by an expert engineer who shows you how it works the machine calculates the amount of packaging the item needs and wraps it in recycled paper which usually goes directly on the conveyor belt in an FC There are many more technologies to discover on this tour and each plays an important role in the entire innovation process The guided tour is focused on a dedicated ‘experience centre’ and is divided into three main parts: The Big Picture: The area where people learn about Amazon’s logistics and processes and where a digital map shows the journey from click to delivery The Innovation Mindset: This section explores Amazon’s approach to innovation and how it is developed Visitors get to see the first prototypes and the evolution of the Flat Sorter Robotic Induct – one of the key pieces of technology on display at the lab The Shop Floor: Where people learn more about how innovation and cutting-edge technologies powered by AI are improving the customer and employee experience across the European network automated guided vehicles to automated packaging solutions these are just some of the innovations that are already making tasks easier and safer for our employees is suitable for all guests aged six years and above Thursday away at Pro Vercelli12 March 2025share-facebookshare-xshare-whatsappshare-copy-link20:45 CET kick-off at the Silvio Piola stadiumA midweek showdown is in the cards for Atalanta U23s with coach Modesto's lads locking horn with Pro Vercelli on Thursday the Nerazzurri brought home the full three points in a fell swoop thanks to a 2-0 win courtesy of the Vavassori-Vlahović duo By imposing themselves 2-0 over Pro Vercelli Atalanta U23s have shrugged off their latest setback in a wink and ran out winners from the Municipal stadium in Caravaggio A share of the spoils in a 2-2 draw at home to Vicenza kept Atalanta U23s in 8th place with 42 points the Piedmont side are fighting to stay out of the danger zone Mr Enrico Gigliotti from the Cosenza AIA section will officiate the match His assistants will be Emanuele Bracaccini from Macerata and Carlo De Luca from Merano while the fourth official will be Mattia Mirri from Savona Atalanta U23s will be both aired live on Sky Sport's TV channels and streamed online via Now TV and Sky Go Mario Pollarolo is the historical memory of the Jewish Community of Vercelli in the Piedmont region and he even received a certificate from the Claims Conference to celebrate ‘his extraordinary life of heroism and resilience after the Shoah,’” explained Rossella Bottini Treves president of the Jewish Community of Vercelli.Mario has lived for many years in Asigliano Vercellese Born in the former Jewish ghetto of Vercelli he attended the Levi kindergarten and witnessed the events surrounding the local 19th-century synagogue “What an emotion that day; there was Rabbi Ugo Massìach and us kids We sang both at the Levi kindergarten and in the temple we would circle around the Tevàh (the pulpit),” he told Bottini Treves Mario also recalls other moments related to communal life like the smell of “apple fritters cooked by the rabbi’s wife the matzah was baked in the basement of the Levi Kindergarten sugar was added to make Masòd nasiròd.” Another food-related memory tied to the customs of the Vercelli Jewish community is a bit hazy: “Some spoke of a tradition where boys who learned the psalms well were given collandar the confetti.”Pollarolo has shared with the president several testimonies from the time of fascism and the war the first Stolpersteine (stumbling stones) were laid in Vercelli between 2023 and 2024 that identified the homes of those deported Seleziona il modo in cui vuoi essere contattato da Unione delle Comunità Ebraiche Italiane: Usiamo Mailchimp come piattaforma per la realizzazione e l'invio dei nostri notiziari. Con l'iscrizione le tue informazioni saranno trasferite a Mailchimp per l'elaborazione. Scopri di più sulla privacy di Mailchimp Donata Vercelli, MD, a Regents Professor at the University of Arizona and a professor of cellular and molecular medicine at the University of Arizona College of Medicine – Tucson was recently named an American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Fellow New AAAS Fellows have been elected annually since 1874 by the AAAS Council in recognition of their scientific achievements across disciplines. The 2022 class of AAAS Fellows was announced in January “When it became clear through research that growing up in microbe-rich environments can protect from allergic disease I focused on ways to prevent allergies through microbial exposures,” Dr “This theme has led us to explore fundamental immunological paradigms which can be used to prevent serious Vercelli and all that she has accomplished in her groundbreaking research,” said College of Medicine – Tucson Dean Michael Abecassis “Very few scientists in the world are honored as AAAS Fellows and I cannot think of anyone more deserving than Dr She is truly advancing the science of medicine and her work will no doubt benefit society for years to come.” Vercelli said that being part of the UArizona Health Sciences has encouraged her to think boldly and innovatively “What has been special for us here is that we could take the road less traveled – that is we dared to do experiments that no one thought could work,” Dr in fact – and got us closer to understanding how we can achieve those allergy-protective effects that are the overarching goal of our quest.” Vercelli earned her medical degree from the University of Florence and trained in immunology at Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School where she was an assistant professor of pediatrics She then served as director of the Molecular Immunoregulation Unit at San Raffaele Scientific Institute in Milan She joined the College of Medicine – Tucson in 1999 Dr. Vercelli was one of five UArizona faculty members named to the new class of AAAS Fellows We respectfully acknowledge the University of Arizona is on the land and territories of Indigenous peoples Arizona is home to 22 federally recognized tribes with Tucson being home to the O’odham and the Yaqui The University strives to build sustainable relationships with sovereign Native Nations and Indigenous communities through education offerings University Information Security and Privacy © 2025 The Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of The University of Arizona 22 Mar 2025 16:30:00 GMT?.css-1txiau5-AnswerContainer{color:var(--GlobalColorScheme-Text-secondaryText2);}Pro Vercelli won 2–1 over Alcione on Sat The current head to head record for the teams are Alcione 0 win(s) Haven't scored in their last 2 matches Have scored 1 goals in their last 5 matches Who won between Alcione and Pro Vercelli on Sat 22 Mar 2025 16:30:00 GMT?Pro Vercelli won 2–1 over Alcione on Sat 22 Mar 2025 16:30:00 GMT.InsightsHave scored 3 goals in their last 5 matches Alcione is playing home against Pro Vercelli on Sat When Alberto Gilardino was appointed manager of Pro Vercelli in July of 2019 It was a relative coup; a big name for the club based in the picturesque Piedmont region of Italy but an appointment that largely passed the world by Despite the history of Pro Vercelli – and is there history – there was no talk about chasing trophies Gilardino merely expressed an impassioned desire to progress; to build and to help the young squad improve one that raises the question of what exactly is needed to be deemed a ‘big club’ Nottingham Forest or Aston Villa if they consider themselves to be big clubs then the answer would think of their passionate fans and significant successes down the years within which it is all too easy to slide out of view leaving little more than claw marks on those at the top of the pile All three aforementioned English clubs are living examples of how quickly it can all change One minute you’re winning the European Cup then you blink and it’s gone They are the fallen giants of Italian football with more titles to their name than the likes of Roma more dramatic than any English club can truly comprehend.  Northern Italy has long been home to the powerhouses of the nation with over 100 titles belonging to various sides on the northern side of the divide But the fact that seven of them lay in the quiet town of Vercelli is nevertheless a surprise Located between the metropoles of Turin and Milan it’s known today for its cultivation of rice it was home to the most the irrepressible Il Leoni (Lions) who were by far and away the most supreme side in the country So dominant were Pro Vercelli that they only lost one game in that particular five-year time span and even that came with a fair helping of controversy Also known as Le Bianche Casacche (The White Shirts) Pro Vercelli had one of the youngest sides of their time and relied on more techniques and training methods than their rivals to develop their players The club was born out of a gym and this inherent emphasis on physicality and stamina is something that was clear in matches with Vercelli often dominating the last 15 minutes of games thanks to their superior fitness; although when many of their opposition were often 20 years older perhaps this doesn’t come as such a surprise Read  |  Casale FC: the most unlikely Scudetto winners in history Il Leoni’s first title, in 1908, was reflective of a changing Italy, arriving just a few years before Mussolini and fascism was ushered in The format was then separated into two tournaments; the divisive Italian championship Many teams withdrew from competing due to the split leaving an opportunity that Pro Vercelli would capitalise upon emphatically going unbeaten against US Milanese and Andrea Doria the early incarnations of Inter and Sampdoria respectively Not only were all the players in Vercelli’s championship-winning team Italian but all were almost exclusively from the town itself Reflecting upon their successes in his book Winning At All Costs: A Scandalous History of Italian Soccer Italian football expert John Foot wrote: “Early football success was not so much about talent This neatly summarised Pro Vercelli’s achievements So influential was this early iteration of the club they provided much of the national team’s ranks for a number of years and were also the inspiration behind the white shirts that Italy wore against Belgium in 1913.  The nature of their influence is no coincidence and the whole nation had seen a small-town team of homegrown talent dominating football so convincingly This tied in nicely with the growing nationalism in the country foreign-heavy city clubs weren’t needed: Italy could make champions of their own and in the smallest of places Even when football in the country was expanded to a more traditional league format They conceded just three goals in the entire campaign and crushed their opposition This pre-war period was Pro Vercelli’s most successful Many of the team’s first-teamers were committed to a military tournament on the same day that their final against Inter was scheduled to be played After their request to change the date was denied by both Inter and the Italian federation Pro Vercelli fielded a team made up of youths – boys aged between 10 and 15 – out of protest they were crushed 10-3 by a full strength and markedly unsympathetic Inter.  The star of the team at the time was Guido Ara a one-club man who played 163 times for Pro Vercelli making his debut in the triumphant 1908 campaign Partnering him in midfield throughout that pre-war period was Giuseppe Milano who also doubled as the Azzurri’s captain under Vittorio Pozzo in the early days of the national team.  Read  |  Silvio Piola: the greatest goalscorer in Serie A history scorer of an extraordinary 106 goals in 99 appearances for the club it’s no surprise to learn that it was he who bagged a brace in helping his team to down Juventus in that 1908 final Encapsulating the team spirit that young team possessed Rampini would actually sell a number of his cigars to fund treatment for his strike partner’s brother Pro Vercelli would add another two titles to their trophy haul in the 1921 and 1922 campaigns under the management of Guido Ara making him the only individual to be present for every one of their league successes before their strength would ultimately become their weakness.  The crown prince of the academy was one Silvio Piola His 51 goals across five seasons for the Lions of Piedmont would lead the president of Vercelli to announce the decline of Pro Vercelli will begin.” As the game became increasingly professional it proved harder and harder to keep hold of the gems that would emerge from their youth system.  Piola – whom the club’s 5,500-capacity stadium is named after – would eventually be seduced by Lazio and cement himself as a legend for the national side also recording the highest number of Serie A goals ever scored though he would never lift the Scudetto again The same season their president made that Piola promise Their alarming decline would see them plummet to dramatic lows Their relegation from the top-flight was eventually followed by relegation from Serie B in 1948 and would see them begin a protracted period away from the top two divisions even dallying around in the fourth division of Italian football the league system is a uniquely difficult one in which to progress there are also various levels of playoffs; subsequently it took 64 years of yoyo-ing between divisions where they sadly only lasted a solitary season still plying their trade in Serie C after another relegation in 2015/16 struggling to regain their place at the top table. Theirs is a grand history that reaches back into the game’s annals further than most clubs; all the way back to the first iteration of Società Ginnastica Pro Vercelli (Pro Vercelli Gymnastics Society) which laid the foundations for their success.  The nature of modern football means that returning to their former glory isn’t impossible But nobody in that area of north-west Italy will ever forget what they achieved the minnows that ruled over Italy for 15 years: Pro Vercelli have achieved more success than many with whom they share a continent and nigh on every one of their legends hail from the same sleepy town in the fields of Piedmont By Matthew Gibbs @matthewleuan Volume 10 - 2016 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2016.00006 Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a recessive autosomal neuromuscular disease representing the most common fatal pediatric pathology it is categorized as a motor neuron (MN) disease there is an increasing general consensus that its pathogenesis is more complex than expected neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are affected by dramatic alterations denervation and neurofilament accumulation associated to impaired synaptic functions: these abnormalities may in turn have a detrimental effect on MN survival we provide a description of NMJ development/maintenance/maturation in physiological conditions and in SMA focusing on pivotal molecules and on the time-course of pathological events since NMJs could represent an important target to be exploited for counteracting the pathology progression we also describe several therapeutic strategies that Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are specialized synapses in the peripheral nervous system which allow the transmission between the motor nerve terminal and skeletal muscle fibers In this review we will mostly refer to rodent NMJs since the majority of the available data in the literature usually come from experimental models despite some differences with human NMJs (see below) The mechanisms leading to muscular innervation involve a huge number of molecules among which acetylcholine/acetylcholine receptors (ACh/AChRs) that are pivotal in the impulse transmission that play a crucial role in the development/maintenance/maturation of NMJs (as agrin Increasing evidence suggest that NMJs can represent an early pathological target in several neuromuscular diseases including spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) although they are historically considered MN-centered pathologies Here we intend to describe and analyze the vulnerability of SMA endplates also discussing the potential therapeutic approaches that specifically target NMJs SMA is a recessive autosomal neuromuscular disease and the most common fatal pediatric pathology, with an incidence of around 1 in 10,000 live births and a carrier frequency of 1:31 (Prior et al., 2010) The genetic defects occurring in SMA determine the degeneration of spinal MNs leading to a progressive muscular atrophy and in the most severe cases Table 1. Classification of human SMA forms (according to Lefebvre et al., 1995; Feldkötter et al., 2002; D’Amico et al., 2011) Indeed increasing evidence suggest that SMA pathogenesis is more complex than expected: many authors have recently speculated that, even though MNs are the most affected cells in SMA, their loss might not only depend from the lack of SMN: retrograde signals coming from muscles and NMJs can be crucial players of the MN alteration (Bottai and Adami, 2013) Indeed several alterations have been described at peripheral level Both human and murine SMA NMJs show three main pathological features, including immaturity, denervation and neurofilament (NF) accumulation (Figure 1) The morphology and the functionality of endplates can be easily evaluated by α-bungarotoxin (α-BgTx) staining in association to an immunoreaction against NF These synaptic abnormalities appear early, before the motor symptoms onset, in SMNΔ7 SMA mice (Murray et al., 2008), and even at prenatal stages in Smn−/−;SMN2 mice, in which intercostal muscles show a very early denervation (E18.5)—suggesting that axon outgrowth and NMJ formation did not occur (McGovern et al., 2008). The symptoms become evident when about 50% endplates result denervated (Ling et al., 2012) SMA is not the only neuromuscular disease with synaptic alterations: a comparison between ALS and SMA showed that, even though the involvement of muscle groups was similar in the two pathologies, in ALS the presynaptic alterations precede the postsynaptic ones, whereas in SMA they were coincident (Comley et al., 2015) Another feature demonstrating an incorrect NMJ development concerns the persistence of polyneuronal innervation: such condition is generally associated to early stages of NMJ structuring, but is strongly delayed in SMAΔ7 mice (Lee et al., 2011) Could the extent of NF engulfment explain muscle impairment or sparing in SMA The specific causes of such selectivity still remain unclear In conclusion, even though the time-course of abnormalities affecting endplates remains matter of debate (Figure 2) there is a general consensus that the NMJ breakdown is an early event in SMA pathogenesis which probably anticipates MN dysfunction and motor symptom onset NMJs could represent an important therapeutic target to be exploited to counteract the pathology progression Even though for SMA no effective treatment is currently available, the efforts of researchers are constantly oriented to discover and test new drugs or compounds, at least aiming to delay the disease progression. A therapeutic strategy aimed at improving neuromuscular transmission (for example by increasing the release and the half-life of Ach) could be an effective and valid approach (Wadman et al., 2012) Here we will focus on the therapeutic effects on NMJs either when endplates represent the direct target of the treatment or in case of systemic/less focused treatment also having an impact on NMJs Additionally we will also mention still unexplored molecular targets in SMA Therefore even high SMN levels are ineffective in rescuing the phenotype once the disease has reached advanced stages In a mouse model of the intermediate forms of SMA (Burgheron mutant) showing a delay in NMJ maturation and a decrease in the number of functional neuromuscular units, the systemic administration of SMN-restoring ASOs at the age of onset could extend survival and rescue the neurological phenotypes (Bogdanik et al., 2015) and survival respectively in SMNΔ7 SMA mice (quadriceps and intercostal muscles) and in the milder 5058-Hemi hybrid SMA mice (intercostal muscles) Despite the impressive results offered by ASOs, translation to human patients still needs additional steps, in order to better establish timing, volume, and location of dosing, and to avoid toxic side effects (Porensky and Burghes, 2013) but reference to NMJ feature was not reported due to the relative novelty of such discoveries few therapeutic approaches have been currently evaluated in SMA An experimental modulation of the expression of miRNA-9 (gain- and loss-of-function studies) is still lacking but should help in clarifying its role in SMA NF Indeed the delivery of miRNA-206 mimics or the modulation of its downstream targets could be beneficial for SMA and similar neuromuscular diseases Additional in vivo studies may help in clarifying which therapeutic approach could be more efficient for SMA or similar neuromuscular diseases in order to support functional neuromuscular development/restoration Better understanding the molecular pathways activated by exercise at the muscular and NMJ level in SMA could be extremely useful Indeed physical activity should be associated to other therapies The role of NMJs in the pathogenesis of SMA is anything but peripheral so that pathological changes at the endplate level even precede the MN loss However divergent data are often present in the literature and a more extensive analysis is therefore needed to better clarify the molecular functional and temporal defects affecting NMJs numerous therapeutic approaches (stem cells etc.) have been tested either directly in SMA or in other similar neuromuscular/atrophic diseases The obtained results are generally promising but additional studies are necessary in view of a translational approach Indeed many crucial points still need to be unravelled the selective vulnerability of proximal muscles and MNs the precise time-course of pathological events Only the answers to these critical questions will allow to identify the best and most efficient therapy/ies for SMA This work was supported by funds from RF-2009-1475235 (Italian Ministry of Health) Girotondo/ONLUS and Smarathon-ONLUS associations to AV and by University of Turin (ex 60% Linea B 2013) grant to MB Reduced expression of nicotinic AChRs in myotubes from spinal muscular atrophy I patients Overwork weakness in partially denervated skeletal muscle PubMed Abstract | Google Scholar Mechanisms controlling neuromuscular junction stability postsymptomatic antisense oligonucleotide rescues motor unit maturation delay in a new mouse model for type II/III spinal muscular atrophy Spinal muscular atrophy: new findings for an old pathology profilin IIa and plastin 3: a link between the deregulation of actin dynamics and SMA pathogenesis Smn depletion alters profilin II expression and leads to upregulation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway and defects in neuronal integrity Muscle histone deacetylase 4 upregulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: potential role in 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vulnerability of spinal and cortical motor neuron subpopulations in delta7 SMA mice Presynaptic localization of SMN and hnRNP R in axon terminals of embryonic and postnatal mouse motoneurons Spinal muscular atrophy: the role of SMN in axonal mRNA regulation Feldkötter Quantitative analyses of SMN1 and SMN2 based on real-time lightCycler PCR: fast and highly reliable carrier testing and prediction of severity of spinal muscular atrophy Transcriptional response of the neuromuscular system to exercise training and potential implications for ALS Defective neuromuscular synaptogenesis in agrin-deficient mutant mice Regular exercise prolongs survival in a type 2 spinal muscular atrophy model mouse Gene therapy of murine motor neuron disease using adenoviral vectors for neurotrophic factors miRNA malfunction causes spinal motor neuron disease Spectrum of neuropathophysiology in spinal muscular atrophy type I Injection of a soluble fragment of neural agrin (NT-1654) considerably improves the muscle pathology caused by the disassembly of the neuromuscular junction Adult rat mesenchymal stem cells delay denervated muscle atrophy Requirement of enhanced survival motoneuron protein imposed during neuromuscular junction maturation Reduced SMN protein impairs maturation of the neuromuscular junctions in mouse models of spinal muscular atrophy A short antisense oligonucleotide ameliorates symptoms of severe mouse models of spinal muscular atrophy Lrp4 is a receptor for agrin and forms a complex with MuSK Impaired synaptic vesicle release and immaturity of neuromuscular junctions in spinal muscular atrophy mice Axonopathy is associated with complex axonal transport defects in a model of multiple sclerosis Local neurotrophic repression of gene transcripts encoding fetal AChRs at rat neuromuscular synapses Limited phenotypic effects of selectively augmenting the SMN protein in the neurons of a mouse model of severe spinal muscular atrophy Muscles in a mouse model of spinal muscular 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receptor loss at the developing neuromuscular junction Survival motor neuron protein in motor neurons determines synaptic integrity in spinal muscular atrophy Stem cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: state of the art Embryonic motor axon development in the severe SMA mouse Maturation of the acetylcholine receptor in skeletal muscle: regulation of the AChR gamma-to-epsilon switch Selective vulnerability of motor neurons and dissociation of pre- and post-synaptic pathology at the neuromuscular junction in mouse models of spinal muscular atrophy Role of exercise in maintaining the integrity of the neuromuscular junction Improvement of neuromuscular synaptic phenotypes without enhanced survival and motor function in severe spinal muscular atrophy mice selectively rescued in motor neurons Antisense oligonucleotides delivered to the mouse CNS ameliorate symptoms of severe spinal muscular atrophy Antisense oligonucleotides for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy Newborn and carrier screening for spinal muscular atrophy Agrin released by motor neurons induces the aggregation of acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions Defining the therapeutic window in a severe animal model of spinal muscular atrophy The agrin gene codes for a family of basal lamina proteins that differ in function and distribution Altered intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in nerve terminals of severe spinal muscular atrophy mice Postnatal maturation of nerve-muscle junctions in hindlimb muscles of the mouse Mechanisms regulating neuromuscular junction development and function and causes of muscle wasting Synaptic defects in spinal muscular atrophy animal models Therapy development for spinal muscular atrophy in SMN independent targets IGF-1 delivery to CNS attenuates motor neuron cell death but does not improve motor function in type III SMA mice Multiple therapeutic effects of valproic acid in spinal muscular atrophy model mice The role of muscle microRNAs in repairing the neuromuscular junction Attenuation of age-related changes in mouse neuromuscular synapses by caloric restriction and exercise Expression of muscle-specific MiRNA 206 in the progression of disease in a murine SMA model Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell therapy outcomes for three patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 Evidence for muscle-dependent neuromuscular synaptic site determination in mammals Dysfunction of the neuromuscular junction in spinal muscular atrophy types 2 and 3 In vivo time-lapse imaging of synaptic takeover associated with naturally occurring synapse elimination Survival of motor neuron protein downregulates miR-9 expression in patients with spinal muscular atrophy Neurotrophins promote maturation of developing neuromuscular synapses PubMed Abstract | Google Scholar MicroRNA-206 delays ALS progression and promotes regeneration of neuromuscular synapses in mice To build a synapse: signaling pathways in neuromuscular junction assembly Stem cell-derived neurotrophic support for the neuromuscular junction in spinal muscular atrophy Modeling the early phenotype at the neuromuscular junction of spinal muscular atrophy using patient-derived iPSCs Dysregulation of synaptogenesis genes antecedes motor neuron pathology in spinal muscular atrophy Combination of agrin and laminin increase acetylcholine receptor clustering and enhance functional neuromuscular junction formation In vitro doi: 10.1002/dneu.22331 [Epub ahead of print] Skeletal muscle calpain acts through nitric oxide and neural miRNAs to regulate acetylcholine release in motor nerve terminals Citation: Boido M and Vercelli A (2016) Neuromuscular Junctions as Key Contributors and Therapeutic Targets in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Received: 17 November 2015; Accepted: 13 January 2016; Published: 03 February 2016 Copyright © 2016 Boido and Vercelli. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited “I am delighted to join the Arizona Board of Regents in recognizing Dr Vercelli’s extraordinary research in the interaction of genetic and environmental factors in the development of asthma and allergic diseases,” said Michael D which integrate basic and molecular epidemiologic approaches have had a profound impact on the public’s understanding of the development of asthma and allergic diseases.” published in the New England Journal of Medicine showed that children growing up on Amish farms who were exposed to higher levels of microbial products were better protected from asthma than children with similar genetic backgrounds who were growing up on Hutterite farms with less microbial exposure “Becoming a Regents Professor is a truly great honor because so many stars need to be aligned – you need to have the enthusiastic support your colleagues willing to identify and verbalize that ‘je ne sais quoi’ that is supposed to set Regents Professors apart within a faculty with many excellent members; then you need the support of several international and national authorities in your field; and finally multidisciplinary group of professors who send their recommendations to our president,” said Dr “How can you not feel humbled and ask yourself Her research has led to several major prizes grant funding totaling more than $40 million and national and international accolades she was elected to the Association of American Physicians she was elected secretary general of the Collegium Internationale Allergologicum – an international group that examines the scientific and clinical problems in allergy and related branches of medicine and immunology In eight years she will become president of the Collegium “I believe what is special about UArizona Health Sciences is that while pursuing our scientific dream – to understand how the environment and microbes can protect from asthma and allergies – we took the road less traveled and dared do experiments no one thought could work,” said Dr I am convinced that being at UArizona Health Sciences has nurtured and strengthened my ability to think boldly and innovatively – because at its best this is what UArizona Health Sciences is about.” Vercelli received her medical degree from the University of Florence in 1978 and trained in immunology at Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School where she was assistant professor of pediatrics from 1991 to 1994 She followed that appointment at the San Raffaele Scientific Institute in Milan where she spent four years as director of the Molecular Immunoregulation Unit The title of Regents Professor is reserved for full professors whose exceptional achievements merit national and international distinction Regents Professor appointments are limited to no more than 3% of the total number of the university's tenured and tenure-track faculty members Therefore, the precaution to have him at 100% in view of the playoffs prevailed. If the standings remained like this, Renate would face in the first round Novara. Today in Vercelli instead the referee is Mr. Drigo from Portogruaro, live on Sky Sport and streaming on Now. (pictured Vassallo and Mastromonaco) who will welcome Pro Vercelli to the municipal stadium in Caravaggio tomorrow The Nerazzurri are currently eighth in the standings on 17 points and will be looking to bounce back from their away setback to Vicenza in the latest round who also lost 3-0 at home to Arzignano on matchday 11 The match will be officiated by Michele Maccorin from the Pordenone AIA section assistant referees: Marco Roncari from Vicenza and Giuseppe Minutoli from Messina The fourth Official will be Lorenzo Montefiori from the Ravenna AIA section Pro Vercelli will be aired live on Sky Sport's TV channels and streamed online via Now TV and Sky Go Participating in the dedication of a public shrine to Blessed John of Vercelli Dominic's church Sunday were (from left) The Reverend Brendan J spiritual director of the Holy Name Society president of the Archdiocesan Union of Holy Name Societies chairman of the Blessed John of Vercelli shrine committee Blessed John of Vercelli was Master General of the Dominican order from 1264 to 1283 Let’s begin with some history on St. Dominic Catholic Church Dominic was established as a separate parish in 1924 the church at that time was located at Harrison Avenue and Catina Street A new church building (now the school gym) was erected in 1944 The present school building was opened in 1950 Dominic Catholic Church and its school the church and school have been overseen by the religious order known as the Dominicans which leads us to Blessed John of Vercelli he was Master General of the Dominican order from 1264 to 1283 he founded the religious organization known as the Holy Name Society He was declared Blessed by Pope Pius X in 1903 the local chapter of the Holy Name Society kicked off a campaign to raise $25,000 to build a shrine to Blessed John of Vercelli Plans called for the shrine to be dedicated in May 1961 shipping delays postponed the shrine’s completion until November 1962 The shrine’s altar (located to the left of the church’s main altar) is made of black Italian marble Blessed John of Vercelli is depicted in a life-sized statue by Italian sculptor Orlando Orlandini According to a 1961 Times-Picayune article the names of donors for the shrine were sealed in a stainless steel tube and deposited in the altar when it was completed The fountain was the brainchild of Blaine Kern Email notifications are only sent once a day Your browser is out of date and potentially vulnerable to security risks.We recommend switching to one of the following browsers: has been elected secretary general of the Collegium Internationale Allergologicum a group of distinguished international physicians and scientists who study the emerging field of allergy and clinical immunology Donata Vercelli, MD, associate director of the Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center at the University of Arizona Health Sciences, has been elected the first female secretary general of the Collegium Internationale Allergologicum the Collegium is a group of distinguished international physicians and scientists who study the emerging field of allergy and clinical immunology Vercelli has been a member of the Collegium for more than 25 years As the organization’s new secretary general she eventually will advance to the position of president after serving as the organization’s vice president “Being elected to a leadership position in the Collegium is humbling Most of the people who have served in such positions are giants in the allergy and asthma field,” said Dr “I am even more humbled and honored to be the first woman elected to such a prestigious role.” Vercelli officially was inducted into her leadership position in early October at the Collegium’s 32ndsymposium in Mallorca Vercelli also is a professor of cellular and molecular medicine at the UA College of Medicine – Tucson director of the Arizona Center for the Biology of Complex Diseases and a member of the UA BIO5 Institute Follow us: Facebook | Twitter | Instagram | LinkedIn This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker a former pro cyclist and founder of Vittoria Cycling Shoes Vercelli raced as a professional from 1969 through 1978 He rode for legendary teams including SCIC Brooklyn and the 1978 Italian National Team His teammates included two of the giants of professional cycling Roger de Vlaeminck and Gianni Motta and he raced against many other famous cyclists such as Gimondi Vercelli competed in 10 grand tours: seven Giros d'Italia two Tours de France and one Vuelta a Espana as well as many other races throughout Europe After his retirement he founded Vittoria Cycling Shoes in 1976 Up until his passing he was still involved at the factory working side by side with his son Edoardo on a daily basis Edoardo continues to oversee the day-to-day operations of the factory as he has for several years Many champions have raced in Vittoria shoes including Stephen Roche 26; the company said his death was not related to COVID-19 we wish his family and friends our deepest condolences," the company said Download the 2019 Industry Directory Read the 2021 Sales Training Guide + Eusebius was born at the beginning of the fourth century. A member of the clergy of Rome, he was elected bishop of Vercelli, in 345. + Known for his preaching and charity, he established the first monastic foundations in his diocese, and became the first bishop of the Western Church to introduce the monastic ideal to his diocesan clergy. + In 355, Eusebius attended the Synod of Milan but, because he refused to condemn Saint Athanasius and upheld the Church’s teachings on the divinity of Jesus, he was exiled to Palestine, Asia Minor, and Egypt. + Eusebius eventually returned to Italy and worked tirelessly against the Arian heresy and accompanied Saint Athanasius to the Council of Alexandria in 362. + Saint Eusebius died at Vercelli in 371. “Dearly beloved, I rejoice in your faith, in the salvation that comes from faith, in your good works, which are not confined to your own surroundings but spread far and wide.”—Saint Eusebius of Vercelli Lead us, Lord God, to imitate the constancy of Saint Eusebius so that, by preserving the faith he taught as your Bishop, we may merit a share int eh very life of your Son. Who lives and reigns with you in the unity of the Holy Spirit, Saint profiles prepared by Brother Silas Henderson, S.D.S. Would you like to read more like this?Get Aleteia delivered to your inbox HAWAI‘I’S WETLANDS PLAY KEY ROLE IN MITIGATING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS  Exploring Public & Private Wetlands on Kaua‘i  To view video please click on photo or at this link: https://vimeo.com/507309041 the State’s first wetland restoration project on Kaua‘i the Kawai‘ele Waterbird Sanctuary is about to expand but the addition of 100 acres of wetland will provide additional habitat for native Hawaiian birds and as Jason Vercelli of the DLNR Division of Forestry and Wildlife (DOFAW) put it scientists and wetlands managers are calling attention to the wide-array of ecological services and help to humanity these shallow “One of the things they can do is to help purify our water During major rain events like we see in Hawai‘i a wetland can trap and allow pollutants and toxins to settle before they reach the ocean In the same way they can help us control sediment and store flood water.” She says if we protect and look after our wetlands they can provide us with a lot of services that people are going to need as the climate warms “Wetlands are also home to some of our endangered Hawaiian waterbirds Building flood resilience for people through natural infrastructure like wetlands will also help those birds” Wildlife biologist Vercelli has worked to help restore the Kawai’ele Waterbird Sanctuary for more than a decade the four native waterbirds that now inhabit the shallow ponds: the Hawaiian stilt but it was created after sand dunes were excavated to allow water to fill in clearly wetlands are not just for the birds They provide recreational and educational opportunities In addition to the interpretive kiosks currently in place it is hoped the wetland’s expansion will eventually see a resource center with laboratory activities for keiki another wetland restoration is happening on private land wetland areas are planted with taro and banana as well as native plants and visitors can often spot koloa ducks resting along the moist banks Hawaiian ducks were once abundant across the state This is one reason the Hawai‘i Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Commission recently adopted a fictionalized koloa maoli (Koloa Iki) as a tool to increase learning about sea climate change resilience and adaptation living in wetland habitats that absorb carbon and act as an indicator of saltwater intrusion where we need to take action to make Hawai‘i climate ready.”  You can learn more about the restoration of wetlands on public and private lands and see Koloa Ike in the video below                                                                           # # #         Stadiumjourney.com Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula consist of an heterogenous group of vascular malformation often causing severe neurological deficit due to progressive myelopathy. This type of malformation could be associated with subarachnoid or subdural hemorrhage inside the spinal canal. In the English literature surgical treatment is regarded as the best option if compared to endovascular procedure, being the latter associated with an increased risk of relapse despite its less invasiveness. In this study a retrospective analysis of 30 patients with spinal dural and epidural fistula associated with perimedullary venous congestion was undertaken. The radiological and clinical presentation of each patient is analyzed, and the grade of myelopathy is classified through the mJOA score. A total number of 31 out of 41 collected procedures (22 surgery vs. 19 endovascular) were dural fistulas while the remaining 10 were classified as epidural. A 46% recurrence rate for endovascular treatment against 0% for surgical (p-value 0.004) was described for dural fistulas, while in the epidural fistula group the rate of recurrence was 80% and 20% respectively for endovascular and surgery treatment (p-value 0.6). Volume 10 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2023.1148968 This article is part of the Research TopicVeins in the BrainView all 7 articles Introduction: Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula consist of an heterogenous group of vascular malformation often causing severe neurological deficit due to progressive myelopathy This type of malformation could be associated with subarachnoid or subdural hemorrhage inside the spinal canal In the English literature surgical treatment is regarded as the best option if compared to endovascular procedure being the latter associated with an increased risk of relapse despite its less invasiveness Methods: In this study a retrospective analysis of 30 patients with spinal dural and epidural fistula associated with perimedullary venous congestion was undertaken The radiological and clinical presentation of each patient is analyzed and the grade of myelopathy is classified through the mJOA score Results: A total number of 31 out of 41 collected procedures (22 surgery vs 19 endovascular) were dural fistulas while the remaining 10 were classified as epidural A 46% recurrence rate for endovascular treatment against 0% for surgical (p-value 0.004) was described for dural fistulas while in the epidural fistula group the rate of recurrence was 80% and 20% respectively for endovascular and surgery treatment (p-value 0.6) surgical treatment could be considered as first-line treatment for spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas Endovascular embolization can be proposed in selected cases for elderly patients or with important comorbidities in view of the greater invasiveness of the surgical treatment and the non-significant difference in terms of recurrence risk between the two techniques endovascular treatment could be proposed as a first choice treatment; in the event of a recurrence a surgical intervention will instead be proposed in a short time arteriovenous lesions have been classified as extradural arteriovenous fistulas intradural arteriovenous fistulas (further subdivided into dorsal and ventral) intradural-extradural arteriovenous malformation DAVFs are usually located in the intervertebral conjugation foramen and in the thickness of the dura mater (5): the arterial support is given by a posterior radiculomeningeal branch of the corresponding root segmental artery The venous drainage of the fistula is given by a radicular vein which merges with the peri-medullary venous plexus retrogradely The venous outflow through the medullary vein and venous plexus are located on the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord in 90% of cases Extradural arteriovenous fistulas (EAVFs) are rare types of spinal arteriovenous fistula consisting in a direct connection between a distal branch of the spinal artery and the epidural venous plexus (6, 7) This vascular engorgement causes a large mass effect on the nerve root or spinal cord with symptoms and signs depending on venous congestion and on the phenomenon of vascular steal and ischemia The aim of our study is to compare the recurrence rate of surgical vs endovascular treatment for DAVFs and EAVFs suggesting then a decision-making algorithm This is a retrospective study including consecutive patients with a diagnosis of spinal dural or epidural arteriovenous fistula [according to the Spetzler modified classification (4)] undergoing surgical and/or endovascular treatment from April 2014 to September 2019 at the Neurosurgery and Interventional Neuroradiology units of authors' Institution Data were extracted from a database of patients operated for for DAVFs and EAVFs and included demographics presence and evolution of symptoms (incidental finding type of treatment (endovascular or surgical) adjusted mJOA score to stratify according to myelopathy severity accurate closure or recurrence of fistula after radiological follow-up examinations with MRA and Spinal Angiography The selection of patient for surgical or endovascular treatment was undertaken after multidisciplinary evaluation involving neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists The small sample size does not allow a statistical subdivision of patients by comorbility Right D12 dural arteriovenous fistula (A) MR; (B) VasoCT; (C) DSA Indocyanine angiography pre (A) and post (B) clipping of the point of fistula (right D12 dural arteriovenous fistula) The arterialized posterior median vein is sometimes visible as a serpentine flow void signal on T2-heavy MRI scans Similar flow voids surrounding the spinal cord correspond to the congested coronal venous plexus The venous hypertension described above causes spinal cord edema and hyperintensity on T2 The presence of medullary contrastographic impregnation in the affected region is a sign of venous infarction and an unfavorable prognostic indicator for the recovery of neurological function The peculiarity of epidural fistulas consists of appearance on spinal MRI and DSA with a pouch of epidural contrast Clinical information was obtained at the 3-month post-treatment follow-up clinic visit Healing or persistence of the fistula after treatment was assessed by comparing data between similar imaging modalities at least 1 month after treatment The main outcomes measured were: (1) the fistula recurrence rate according to the type of fistula (dural or epidural) and the type of treatment (surgical or endovascular); (2) the evolution of symptoms (stability The mJOA score (11) was validated for the evaluation of patients with myelopathy caused by degenerative pathologies of the cervical spine Considering that in most patients' spinal arteriovenous fistulas are located in thoracic and lumbosacral spine we modified the mJOA score by eliminating the sections concerning the motor and sensory functions of the upper limbs Our score therefore considered sphincter dysfunction (which is assigned a score from 0 to 3) and motor dysfunction of the lower limbs (which is assigned a score from 0 to 7) We then stratified our patients into 3 groups: mild myelopathy (8–9 points) Descriptive statistics were reported as mean or median and standard deviation for continuous variables or frequency and percentage (with 95% CI) for categorical variables Proportion comparisons were made with 2-tailed Student's t-test for continuous data and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables Statistical significance was defined as a p-value <0.05 All statistical analyzes were performed using Microsoft Office Excel A total number of 28 patients and 39 surgical or endovascular procedures was included into this study (Table 1) The majority of them was affected by DAVFs (23) with 5 EAVFs recorded The site of the fistula was cervical for 2 patients thoracic for 18 patients and lumbosacral for 8 patients In 3 cases the diagnosis was an occasional finding during tests carried out for other reasons A radiculopathy was the main symptom for 2 patients while 23 patients had signs and symptoms of myelopathy Patient age in the study population was in a median of 65 years and a mean of 66 years (standard deviation 7.4) Symptom duration had a median of 6 months and a mean of 8 months (standard deviation 6.9) According to myelopathy severity (assessed by the adjusted mJOA score) 5 patients had no symptoms of myelopathy The patients who relapsed after endovascular treatment had been treated by embolization with various materials and in all cases the embolic material had occluded the afferent feeders giving the impression of interrupting arteriovenous shunts the patients have a late recurrence as embolic material had not flowed to the fistula site and the myeloradicular vein thus allowing the recall of new arterial afferent and the persistence of the shunts The surgical treatment guaranteed a lasting closure of the fistula as it allowed to disconnect the myeloradicular vein and the portion of the epidural plexus involved by the arterial feeders This comparison did not reach a statistical significance Recurrence rate: Dural AVF (number of treatment) Recurrence rate: Epidural AVF (number of treatment) No patient presented major complications (meningitis significative vascular dissection) due to surgical and endovascular procedures Clinical outcomes were evaluated by studying the evolution of the symptoms at follow-up (at least 3 months) Most patients (21 cases) showed clinical improvement while in the other cases the symptoms remained stable In one case a progression of myelopathy was sustained because of the persistence of the fistula after the first treatment but after 3 months and a subsequent operation with complete closure a general improvement was recorded 75% of the patients therefore had an improvement in symptoms following treatment We haven't found correlation between the duration of symptoms before treatment and the possibility of obtaining improvement in symptoms Outcomes follow-up was almost 6 months (range 3–8 months) albeit not very significant (Pearson's correlation index = 0.18) between the severity of myelopathy (mJOA) and the possibility of having an improvement in symptoms (A) Pre-operative MR showed myelopathy (B) post-operative good recovery of the myelopathy at three months follow-up Endovascular option is currently the preferred method of treatment for epidural arteriovenous fistulas, with approximately two-thirds of the studies in the literature reporting the use of endovascular treatment. Huang et al. (6) in their systematic review of the endovascular and surgical management of epidural AVFs reported initial occlusion rates of 55% with endovascular treatment which increased to 92% with subsequent treatments Trans-arterial embolization was the primary means of treatment in their series Clinical improvement rates were 91% with endovascular treatment with worsening of symptoms in only 3% of cases reported complete occlusion rates of 74% on initial treatment and 87% at follow-up following subsequent interventions Clinical improvement rates with surgery were 84% and only 9% of patients reported worsening of symptoms Endovascular treatment of EAVFs with intradural venous drainage focuses on occlusion of the epidural venous varix together with the proximal intradural draining vein Failure to completely occlude the venous varix (shunt point) and draining vein may result in recanalization of the fistula due to the recruitment of additional arterial afferents This is especially true for cervical fistulas Trans-arterial embolization is often difficult to perform when the afferent arteries are small or tortuous Surgical treatment is preferred in cervical fistulas with arterial afferents from the vertebral artery and in thoracic fistulas with afferents in common with the Adamkiewicz artery No differences in terms of neurological outcome were found between patients who underwent surgery and those who underwent endovascular treatment Subgroup analysis showed that patients who underwent surgery or embolization without recurrence experienced symptom improvement while patients who underwent surgery or embolization with recurrence did not have symptom improvement The initial occlusion rate was in favor of surgery The late recurrence rate was higher for embolization (21.4%) than for surgery (9.1%) In a meta-analysis Byun et al. (18) analyzed a total of 123 patients treated for a thoracic or lumbosacral spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula Endovascular treatment was performed in 67.5% of cases surgical treatment in 23.6% and combined treatment in 8.9% of cases The overall fistula closure rate was 83.5% and did not differ between groups Clinical symptoms improved in 70.7% of patients were stable in 25% and worsened in 1.7% with no difference between treatment modalities In our series, 23 patients with spinal dural arteriovenous fistula underwent a total of 29 procedures. All 16 patients who underwent surgery had no recurrence at follow-up examinations performed 1 month after the operation and no clinical impairment at six months follow up. This trend match with literature of this topic (17, 19). In their meta-analysis Goyal et al. (20) report that with regard to dural fistulas the recurrence rate and clinical outcomes are in favor of surgical treatment although the new embolic materials (ONYX) have also improved the results of the endovascular options A Key point in the choice of treatment for this vascular malformation consists in the correct differential diagnosis between dural and epidural fistulas because of their similarity in pathological and clinical picture the best treatment should be individually selected Decision making algorithm for treatment of spinal arteriovenous fistula Treatment options currently include closure via surgery or embolization via endovascular treatment Surgical treatment can be proposed as first-line treatment for spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas for elderly patients or with important comorbidities who could run greater risks undergoing surgery endovascular treatment can be proposed as a first line; in the event of a recurrence The main limitation of the study could be the comparison analysis: two groups are heterogeneous and statistically incomparable in terms of clinical and morphological features and short follow-up make statistical analysis slightly significative (especially for EAVF group) The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors data curation and editing; FC: supervision All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher and prognosis of spinal arteriovenous malformations Pathophysiology and classification of intracranial and spinal dural AVF PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Spinal arteriovenous shunts: angioarchitecture and historical changes in classification PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Classification and surgical management of spinal arteriovenous lesions: arteriovenous fistulae and arteriovenous malformations (2006) 59:S195–201; discussion S3–13 Surgical ligation of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula Spinal extradural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical article PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Time-resolved magnetic resonance angiography for follow-up of treated dural and epidural spinal arteriovenous fistula Angiographic and clinical characteristics of thoracolumbar spinal epidural and dural arteriovenous fistulas Clinical and imaging characteristics of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas and spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas The modified Japanese orthopaedic association scale: establishing criteria for mild moderate and severe impairment in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy Congestive myelopathy due to spinal dural arteriovenous fistula mimicking CNS demyelinating disease Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: diagnosis Dorsal subdural hemorrhage from ruptured thoracic radicular artery pseudoaneurysm Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula presents as intramedullary hemorrhage PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical outcome after surgery versus embolization: a retrospective study Multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula-results of endovascular and surgical treatment Presentation and outcomes of patients with thoracic and lumbosacral spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas: a systematic review and meta-analysis Clinical outcomes following microsurgery and endovascular embolization in the management of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: a meta-analysis study doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2022.02.018 Outcomes following surgical versus endovascular treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: a systematic review and meta-analysis Endovascular management of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas Microsurgical versus endovascular treatment of spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas with intradural venous drainage: a multicenter study of 81 patients Garbossa D and Cofano F (2023) Spinal dural and epidural arteriovenous fistula: Recurrence rate after surgical and endovascular treatment Received: 20 January 2023; Accepted: 21 March 2023;Published: 4 April 2023 © 2023 Vercelli, Minardi, Bergui, Zenga, Garbossa and Cofano. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) *Correspondence: Giovanni Giulio Vercelli dmVyY2VsbGlnZ0BnbWFpbC5jb20= Massimiliano Minardi ZHIubWFzc2ltaWxpYW5vLm1pbmFyZGlAZ21haWwuY29t Specialty Section: This article was submitted to Neurosurgery a section of the journal Frontiers in Surgery Just before the dissolution of Czechoslovakia and the establishment of the Slovak Republic in 1990, commercial activities for Slovak corporate clients were separated from the State Bank of Czechoslovakia and placed into a new institution: VÚB Bank VÚB Bank has grown into a joint stock company belonging to Slovakia’s National Property Fund making it an essential player in the country’s economic growth and development VÚB Bank offers leasing and retirement savings services it is the second-largest bank in Slovakia and the only universal bank licensed to provide the full range of banking services to the public We spoke with CEO Alexander Resch and Deputy CEO Roberto Vercelli to understand what it takes to run a bank with 161 retail outlets and 32 branch offices and how they define excellence in providing banking and financial services to small and medium-size businesses Alexander: We operate in a very competitive market Margins are falling at a significant rate; we have some of the lowest mortgage rates in Europe This is the result of fierce but fair competition the indebtedness of Slovak households has increased significantly; it is already the highest in the Central and Eastern Europe region this implies less potential for further growth in lending but also greater risk or greater restraint on the part of the central bank Roberto: Since there are many offers on the market the client wants something more than just an ordinary mortgage we must continuously improve the products we offer and invest in customer satisfaction This is particularly true in the case of the online and mobile banking sector where customer expectations are set extremely high Alexander: One major challenge is the intense competition we face in such a small market not only when considering retail banking but also in the corporate segment is strongly driven by the net interest income at the expense of fees while in more advanced markets in Europe it is 50–50 and A big challenge in this context are long-term low interest rates as it is difficult to charge customers negative interest Roberto: The same goes if we look at the corporate market where margins are also very low due to excess liquidity we have been working in this situation for a long time so the second aspect that I see as challenging is the fact that given the long-term low unemployment rate in Slovakia – below 5% – it is challenging to find enough experts We need to continuously invest in our colleagues in order to maintain them while at the same time limiting employee turnover Roberto: Just look at the events of recent months and how they affected the whole world how the pandemic hit us and how we have dealt with it at VÚB Bank we focused on how to protect the health and safety of our employees and clients We responded as soon as the first cases began to appear in Europe putting in place the right preventive measures We started making working from home accessible to all our colleagues we were not completely ready for a situation like this but we managed to get everyone the necessary technology for them to work from home we were constantly available to our clients who under the pressure of the situation needed our support more than ever We reduced the opening hours of our branches but increased the capacity of our call centre Our corporate banking managers spend long hours making phone calls with clients to give them all the support they need We have focused on how to save the economic system from collapsing even before it became the standard on the Slovak market we never neglected how our employees felt faced with this unexpected new situation we have explained the situation from the perspective of the company and we have maintained team spirit through the new communication channels that we started to use We also set up a new platform to monitor and address mental health problems We have tried to use this time to educate and assist in the personal development of our employees we never closed our eyes to the situation in Slovakia and VÚB Bank was the first company in the country to donate respirators and disinfectants to hospitals which raised money to help Slovak health care We devoted not only financial support but also our advertising time on television and human resources to help the public through the COVID-19 crisis The CEO Magazine is more than a business title; it’s a source of information inspiration and motivation for the world’s most successful leaders Learn all about The CEO Magazine at TheCEO.com ' + scriptOptions._localizedStrings.webview_notification_text + ' " + scriptOptions._localizedStrings.redirect_overlay_title + " " + scriptOptions._localizedStrings.redirect_overlay_text + " Dear Reader,Unfortunately our comment platform isn\'t available at the moment due to issues with our paywall and authentication vendor He was trained in apprehension and drug detection Santa Rosa police are mourning the death of one of their K-9s had worked with Officer Nick Vercelli for three years The Belgian Malinois was sworn in around September 2020 Cross-trained in apprehension and narcotics detection Enzo was “crucial” in several large drug trafficking cases They included a March 2 arrest involving suspects with 6.6 pounds of methamphetamine were arrested on Hopper Avenue near Airway Drive Police at the time said Enzo had sniffed out the meth in their vehicle Police described Enzo as a friendly dog who loved interacting with people during community events He also played tug-o-war with Vercelli and was nicknamed “Meatball.” “Our hearts and thoughts are with Officer Vercelli and his family as they grieve the loss of his partner Police K-9 Enzo,” police said in a Facebook post You can reach Staff Writer Colin Atagi at colin.atagi@pressdemocrat.com In the second half, with the Spal entirely devoted to attack in search of the goal that could halve the disadvantage, the third goal of the Pro Vercelli: this time it was Pregnolato to finalize the counterattack of the Piedmontese team. See you next Saturday when Venezia will arrive at the “GB Fabbri”: a challenge to try to make up for the young white and blues. Goalscorers: 18' and 47' Bordoni, 58 ' Pregnolato Pro Vercelli: Rosin, Iuliano, Crepaldi, D'alessandro, Tarantola (65' Matella), Malaj (85' Bagarotti), Bordoni, Pregnolato, Fofana, Armocida (65' Iaria), Foti (65' Sow). Spal: Ponds, Rizzotto (65' Margiotta), Eyes (65' Pegoraro), Orlandi, Mayele, Roda, Anzolin, Kane, photo, (46' Andreoli), Samaritans, Tegbaru (65' Camara), Tarolli (75' Sermenghi). Coach. Pedriali