Olympic Gold Medalist to join Wave FC on two-year deal
2025) – San Diego Wave FC announced today the Club has acquired Olympic gold medalist and Canadian international forward Adriana Leon via transfer from Aston Villa of the Women’s Super League (WSL) for an undisclosed fee
Her contract with the Club includes a two-year deal through the 2026 season with a mutual option for 2027
pending receipt of her P-1 Visa and International Transfer Certificate (ITC)
“Adriana is a fantastic addition to our team
bringing a dynamic attacking presence and a wealth of experience at the highest levels,” said Sporting Director and General Manager Camille Ashton
“She is a proven playmaker with technical quality
and a relentless work ethic that will complement our style of play
Her experience in top leagues and on the international stage will be invaluable
and we’re excited to welcome her and see the immediate impact she’ll have both on and off the field.”
made her international debut with the Canadian Women’s National Team at 20 years old
and eight assists for Canada and is currently the nation’s all-time leading active goal scorer across both the men’s and women’s national teams
She was a vital contributor to Canada’s gold medal-winning campaign at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics
including scoring a decisive penalty in the shootout victory over Sweden in the final
She has also represented her country in three FIFA World Cups (2015
the 2024 Paris Olympics and helped secure three Concacaf silver medals
she was named 2024 Gold Cup Golden Boot winner and led Canada in scoring throughout 2024 with 10 international goals
the most in a single calendar year for her career
“I’m incredibly excited to join San Diego Wave FC and can’t wait to get to work with my new teammates,” Leon said
and I’m ready to give everything I have to help the team succeed
The passion of the fans and the energy around this city make it an amazing place to play
and I’m looking forward to stepping on the field and representing San Diego with pride.”
Leon has built an impressive professional career across both the WSL and NWSL
The forward spent six seasons in the NWSL playing for the Boston Breakers (2013)
She also had a brief loan spell in 2016 with FC Zürich
where she scored three goals and tallied three assists in the UEFA Champions League
in addition to one goal and three assists in the Swiss Cup
where she has spent nearly eight years of her career
and providing four assists across three clubs – West Ham (2018-22)
Manchester United (2022-23) and Aston Villa (2023-25)
Leon made a brief return to the NWSL on a three-month loan with the Portland Thorns
Leon will occupy an international roster slot on the Wave’s roster in 2025
Transaction: San Diego Wave FC acquire Adriana Leon via transfer from Aston Villa on a two-year contract with a mutual option for 2027
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near Rome) is an exceptional complex of classical buildings created in the 2nd century A.D
It combines the best elements of the architectural heritage of Egypt
Greece and Rome in the form of an 'ideal city'
Ce complexe exceptionnel d'édifices classiques
créé au IIe siècle par l'empereur romain Hadrien
reproduit les meilleurs éléments des cultures matérielles d'Égypte
de Grèce et de Rome sous la forme d'une « cité idéale »
تمثل هذه المجموعة من النصب الكلاسيكية التي أنشأها الامبراطور الروماني "هادريان" أفضل عناصر الحواضر المادية في مصر، واليونان وروما بشكل "مدينة فاضلة"
阿德利阿纳村庄位于罗马附近的提沃利,是公元2世纪时由罗马帝国国王哈德里亚所建造的一处卓越的古典建筑群。它用“理想城市”的形式规划建设,综合利用了古埃及、希腊、罗马建筑遗产中的最佳元素。
Вилла Адриана (в Тиволи вблизи Рима) – это выдающийся комплекс классических зданий
Вилла объединяет лучшие элементы архитектурного наследия Египта
la Villa Adriana es un magnífico conjunto de edificios clásicos construidos por orden del emperador Adriano en el siglo II
que combinan los mejores elementos del legado arquitectónico de Egipto
Villa Adriana is an exceptional architectural legacy of the great Roman Emperor Hadrian
Built as a retreat from Rome between 117 and 138 AD
the villa was designed as an ideal city and incorporates the architectural traditions of Ancient Greece
The remains of some 30 buildings extend over 120 hectares of the Tiburtine Hills
While the structures appear to be arranged with no particular plan
the site comprises a complex and well planned arrangement together with a large number of residential and recreative buildings
the site creates a serene and contemplative oasis
There are some thirty extant buildings within the site that can be broadly divided into four groups
A first group of buildings on the site includes the so called ‘Greek Theatre’ and ‘Temple of Cnidian Aphrodite’
is a second group of structures including buildings specifically for the emperor and his court
and includes the so called ‘Maritime Theatre’
Latin and Greek ‘Libraries’ and the ‘Golden Square’
This group of structures is organized around four separate peristyles
The ‘Golden Square’ is one of the most impressive buildings in the complex
comprising a vast peristyle surrounded by a two-aisled portico with alternate columns of cipollino marble and Egyptian granite
The ‘palace’ consists of a complex of rooms around a courtyard
The circular structure of the ‘Maritime Theatre’ comprises an ionic marble peristyle that surrounds an artificial circular island with a miniature villa
The ‘Libraries’ are reached from there by two passages
and a nymphaeum stands on the northern side
A third group of buildings comprises the baths
Large Thermae and the Thermae with Heliocaminus
The final group of structures includes the ‘Lily Pond’
there is a complex of underground elements
including cryptoportici and underground galleries
used for internal communications and storage
as that with the ‘Temple of Cnidian Aphrodite’ or that in the ‘Court of the Libraries’ and
This extraordinary complex of buildings and structures is symbolic of a power that was gradually becoming absolute
reminiscent of famous places and buildings throughout the empire
reproduced elements of the material cultures of Egypt
Greece and Rome in the form of an “ideal city”
After suffering damage and neglect for many centuries after Hadrian’s death in 138 AD
the site was eventually rediscovered in 1461
The serenity of the site inspired a renewed interest in classical architecture
Studies of Villa Adriana influenced architects of later centuries
notably the Renaissance but especially baroque architecture
Its remarkable achievement in design continued to exert significant influence on notable architects and designers of the modern era
Criterion (i): The Villa Adriana is a masterpiece that uniquely brings together the highest expressions of the material cultures of the ancient Mediterranean world
Criterion (ii): Study of the monuments that make up Villa Adriana played a crucial role in the rediscovery of the elements of classical architecture by the architects of the Renaissance and the Baroque periods
It also profoundly influenced many 19th and 20th century architects and designers
Criterion (iii): Villa Adriana is an exceptional survival from the Early Roman Empire
The great number of buildings and other structures within it
and the collection of statues and sculptures that decorate the interior and exterior rooms
illustrate the taste and erudition of one of the greatest Roman Emperors
who personally oversaw the construction of the villa
inspired by his travels through his extensive Empire
he brought the best of the varied cultures back to this palatial complex
The archaeological area of Villa Adriana protected as a World Heritage property includes all the essential elements that contribute to the recognition of the site as holding Outstanding Universal Value
The key features of the site in the protected area include exemplary and unusual structures situated within an extensive area of green space
fountains and architectural settings that create an immersive landscape that has remained unchanged since at least the 18th century
The original layout of the main buildings is perfectly preserved
in its relationship with the surrounding landscape
Despite centuries of plundering and destruction
the integrity of the structures is well preserved
to the extent that it is possible to accurately interpret various component parts of the structures comprising the monumental complex
Potential impacts to the buffer zone were identified in close proximity to the World Heritage property boundary
The buffer zone is an important and sensitive site that ensures the enhancement
the presentation and protection of the Outstanding Universal Value of the property
and as such requires sensitive management and protection
As far back as the latter half of the 19th century
restoration work carried out at Villa Adriana was undertaken in keeping with the theories and techniques of archaeological restoration
the criteria of which had recently been applied in the restoration of the Colosseum and later codified in the Restoration Charter
At the same time careful analysis and studies made possible to carry out partial anastylosis of some structures
subsequent interventions by the Archaeological Office of the Ministry for Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism were effected in compliance with the principles of the Restoration Charter
The entire property is protected under the provisions of the basic Italian Law
which prohibits the carrying out of any works that may affect the monument without authorization
120 ha comprised of state and private ownership
are protected by the Ministry for Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism - Decreto Legislativo 42/2004 (Codice dei beni culturali e del Paesaggio)
a safeguarding measure which ensures that any activity on the site must be authorized by the competent offices of the Ministry for Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism
The site is further protected by the provisions of the Lazio Region
including the Landscape-Territorial Plan of the Lazio Region
adopted in 2008 and confirming the regulations and directions set out under ministerial restrictions
Management of the Villa Adriana falls within the responsibility of the Ministry for Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism
The competent office of the Ministry for Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism is responsible for management at local level
green space that demands careful maintenance
a Green-space Management Plan is drawn up every three years
aimed at safeguarding historic tree species
maintaining visitor walkways and weed clearance – all of which are useful in terms of preserving the historic masonry work
Work is underway to reinstate the Villa’s ancient gardens to their original state at the time of Hadrian
The buffer zone provides important protection to the site and requires special maintenance for the conservation of the Outstanding Universal Value of the property
Since 1997 a management plan has been in force relating to infrastructural aspects of the site – drainage
water and electricity supply and distribution
A wireless video surveillance system was installed
covering the most sensitive sections within the Archaeological Area
The Ministry has allocated special financial resources to the site in order to draw up the Management Plan of the whole site
The monument is one of the most visited sites in Italy
Since 1996 major sources of funding from the European Union
the National Lottery and elsewhere have permitted the preparation and implementation of a major programme of investigation
Activities to enhance interpretation and access to the site include a number of cultural events and exhibitions aimed at raising awareness of the various aspects of the monumental complex at Villa Adriana
and the creation of a Villa Adriana website
An analysis of the site’s accessibility for the physically disabled is currently underway
In addition there will be a program of archaeological research conducted in collaboration with international partners (Italian and foreign universities and institutions)
There will be a specific study of the underground passageways
which preserves numerous historic-archaeological remains
Villa Gregoriana Park and the World Heritage property
Villa d’Este which is under the protection of the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism
and now also managed by the same competent office as Villa Adriana
the Grotto of Diana at Villa d’Este in Tivoli will become accessible to visitors again starting May 6
The nymphaeum has been completely restored in a two-year intervention thanks to a collaboration between the Istituto autonomo Villa Adriana e Villa d’Este - Villae and the Fendi fashion house.Located in one of the most scenic and fascinating views of Villa d’Este
the Grotto of Diana is a cruciform chambered nymphaeum located in the Passeggiata del Cardinale and created between 1570 and 1572 by Paolo Calandrino
probably inspired by the original design of Pirro Ligorio
the grotto was conceived as a space of contemplation and harmony
in keeping with the Mannerist aesthetic of the late 16th century
the decorations depict scenes from Ovid’s Metamorphoses
along with mythological figures such as Tritons
The entire surface is covered with rich decoration in different materials
Diana’s Grotto provided an exemplary model for the design of nymphaea and artificial grottoes in 16th- and 17th-century European aristocratic gardens
Cardinal Ippolito II d’Este himself loved to walk through these evocative spaces
which embodied the essence of Mannerist culture
The recent restoration has restored splendor not only to the interior decorations
but to every structural aspect of the nymphaeum
Among the new features of the intervention is the installation of a glass window in the loggia facing Rome: a functional solution that protects the environment from the atmospheric agents-particularly the wind-that for centuries threatened the integrity of the decorative materials
aims to explore and decode the infinite suggestions of Villa d’Este
highlighting how this place continues to emanate its magnificent beauty
revealing at times the sophisticated cultural project that was at its base,” explains Villa Adriana and Villa d’Este Institute Director Andrea Bruciati
“With this action we seek to counteract the loss and oblivion that often distinguishes our heritage
and the recovery of the Grotto of Diana ensures that this wealth becomes available again to the community
Art history is also a cognitive process that feeds on these ’re-emergences,’ reconfiguring present and past for future generations.”
“The restoration of Diana’s Grotto at Villa d’Este is an act of love for Fendi
the most recent in a centuries-long journey of protecting and enhancing Italy’s cultural heritage
which culminates this year with the celebration of our centenary,” said Silvia Venturini Fendi
Artistic Director Accessories and Men’s Collections at the maison
“This work represents for us a further investment in the future that starts from the memory of the past: a commitment aimed at preserving the beauty and history of our country,” she concluded
Wanted in RomeMagazine
The magical gardens of Villa d’Este and the ancient ruins of Hadrian's Villa in Tivoli
will open late on Saturday nights in August
Visitors can admire the Renaissance water gardens of Villa d'Este and its spectacular flood-lit fountains until 23.45 on 3
The majestic Villa Adriana, built between 118 and 138 AD by Emperor Hadrian, can be visited until 23.00 on 15 and 16 August.
In addition it will be possible to enjoy an evening visit to the Villa Gregoriana park in Tivoli from 18.30 to 20.30 on 10 and 17 August, by booking in advance on the FAI website
Ticket offices for Villa d'Este and Villa Adriana close one hour before night visits end, for more details see VILLÆ website
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© 2025 / 2026 Wanted World Wide LTD Network. All Rights Reserved. Made with Kraken PMS.
which feels weird and formal since I live alone
breakfast is 1.5 servings of Special K snarfed on my couch
Like the "imperial breakfast room" recently discovered in former Roman emperor Hadrian's 1,900-year-old Villa Adriana
Atlas Obscura reports that an archeological team led by professor Rafael Hidalgo Prieto discovered the room while excavating the positively palatial 300-acre compound
The area was reportedly accessed by retractable wooden bridges
adorned with small waterfalls and a recessed fountain
and flanked by a courtyard of ornamental gardens
An excellent arrangement for slurping oatmeal and/or poached eggs
The breakfast room wasn't just an extra-comfy spot for Hadrian and his wife, Vibia Sabina, to nosh on Roman Apple Jacks. Site director, Andrea Bruciati, told The Times of London that the room featured a raised platform that projected the rulers' silhouettes through a pair of windows for members of the court to see
"The villa was a machine that served to represent the emperor's divinity," Bruciati said
"[This would have been] a quasi-theatrical spectacle."
"The emperor wanted to show things that would overwhelm the visitor
something that had not been seen anywhere else in the world and that exists only in Villa Adriana."
The annual production of centuries and millennia-old olive trees promotes Villa Adriana’s historical and cultural importance to Italy’s capital region
a special extra virgin olive oil produced from olive trees in the Villa Adriana archaeological area near Rome
was included in the PGI Olio di Roma label last year as part of a partnership between Villae
and Unaprol to protect and add value to the historic olive grove
built by Roman emperor Hadrian in the 2nd century AD and declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1999
contains centuries-old olive trees of rare varieties
with the collaboration aiming to combine history and innovation while promoting the quality of extra virgin olive oil in the tourism sector
This year’s production of Olea Hadriani results from a partnership between Villae
the institute that consists of the complexes of Villa Adriana and neighboring Villa D’Este
the Italian association of olive oil producers
The partnership’s goal is to protect and add value to the olive grove located in the 120-hectare estate built in the 2nd century AD by the Roman emperor Hadrian
“I felt responsible for sustaining and increasing the beauty of the world,” Hadrian is quoted as saying in Marguerite Yourcenar’s 1951 historic novel Memoirs of Hadrian
which significantly contributed to making him one of the most influential characters of Roman history
His fame was further bolstered by the long period of peace in the empire during his reign from 117 to 138 AD
artistic and archaeological heritage has major implications of environmental
cultural and economic nature,” said Andrea Bruciati
He also emphasized the importance of safeguarding the historic olive tree patrimony
Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1999
Villa Adriana is considered a “masterpiece that uniquely brings together the highest forms of expression of the material cultures of the ancient Mediterranean world.”
the majestic property includes buildings
pools and thermal baths separated by gardens and orchards that contain a wealth of biodiversity
Seven olive varieties
where 3,500 centuries-old trees are incorporated into the remains
While many trees are from the 18th century
the most ancient one dates back to the 13th century
the tree is considered the patriarch of Villa Adriana
Due to its vast dimensions and plentiful production
it was possible to bottle an exclusive monovarietal obtained from its fruits
“Our collaboration with Villae for the valorization of the historic olive grove represents the perfect combination of history and innovation,” said David Granieri
the president of Unaprol and national vice president of Coldiretti
“The mix of food, tourism and culture remains unbeatable. As the concept of quality grows, extra virgin olive oil is increasingly becoming an attractive element in the tourism sector,” he concluded
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After two decades spent leading archaeological digs among the 1,900-year-old ruins of the former Roman emperor Hadrian’s sprawling Villa Adriana
Rafael Hidalgo Prieto thought he’d seen it all
Then the Spanish professor and his team discovered an imperial breakfast room unlike anything in the world
The palazzo area once featured a royal four-bedroom complex centered by a semicircular nymphaeum with a private dining area suspended over a pool of flowing water
Vaulted ceilings with niches for sculptures overlooked a marble triclinium—that is
a sumptuous Roman dining area where aristocrats enjoyed expensive food and drink while lying on u-shaped couches
The area was accessed by retractable wooden bridges and flanked by a wall that featured small waterfalls and a recessed fountain
The room was open on one side and looked out on a courtyard of ornamental gardens
Here, archaeologists believe, Hadrian and his wife, Vibia Sabina, breakfasted in a lavish display of power: The raised platform was positioned to project their silhouettes through a pair of windows for members of the court to see, site director, Andrea Bruciati, told the Times of London
“The villa was a machine that served to represent the emperor’s divinity … [This would have been] a quasi-theatrical spectacle.”
Built 20 miles east of Rome, in what’s now Tivoli, between 118 and 138 A.D., the 300-acre compound was once one of the world’s most incredible palatial properties. The only thing like it, writes Mary Beard
300-room “Golden House,” which stood in the center of Rome
“Hadrian got away with this over-the-top architectural extravagance because it was out of town and out of sight.” (She also objects to the description of the find as a breakfast spot
noting that the Romans generally did not attribute as much cultural significance to the meal as many modern diners.)
and is considered one of the “Five Good Emperors” of Rome who presided over the empire’s peak
He was known for consolidating and unifying Rome’s vast lands and ushering in a golden age of peace and prosperity
Hadrian personally participated in the design of Villa Adriana
combining architectural elements observed while traveling through Italy
Now a designated UNESCO world heritage site
the seven-square-mile villa comprised more than 30 buildings at the height of its grandeur and was bigger than the town of Pompeii
The complex contained an unrivaled array of art and furnishings
and buildings were connected by a landscape peppered with ornate fountains
Prieto, the Spanish archaeology professor, described the discovery of the breakfast area—which had previously remained unexcavated due to funding issues and a focus on other areas of the massive estate—as a “bombshell” in the Spanish newspaper ABC
“In all the Roman world there is nothing like it,” Prieto said
“The emperor wanted to show things that would overwhelm the visitor
something that had not been seen anywhere else in the world and that exists only in Villa Adriana.”
The announcement of the new find came as Italy dialed back pandemic-related social distancing restrictions on cultural venues and museums in early February
and coincided with the historic villa’s reopening
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When French writer Marguerite Yourcenar first visited Hadrian’s Villa in Tivoli, Italy, she was mesmerized by what she defined as its “wild and free ruins.” A black and white photo from 1924 shows the 21-year-old writer standing by crumbled walls against a background of cypresses and olive trees
During that trip, Yourcenar jotted down some notes that, decades later, would be turned into her masterpiece, Memoirs of Hadrian
a fictional account of Emperor Hadrian’s life based on both her imagination and historical documents
“Last night at the Villa I thought of the thousand silent existences that have lived here between the time of Hadrian and us,” she wrote during her visit
but also the animal and plant life that inhabited the villa in the 2,000 years since its founding
Appreciation of Villa Adriana and all its historical residents has only grown since
the 250-acre archeological complex located in Tivoli
has inspired an unlikely collaboration between art historians and farmers
Hadrian’s Villa produces around 1,500 liters of olive oil yearly
made from olives harvested from the 3,000 olive trees in the villa gardens
“Because of their age and the way they have become part of the landscape
the olive trees of Hadrian Villa can be thought of as a green monument,” wrote David Granieri
president of the local chapter of Coldiretti
To preserve the villa’s unique botanical heritage
together with Italy’s olive farmers association
reached out to Hadrian Villa’s curators to propose the olive oil venture back in 2018
harvesters take the fruits from Hadrian’s Villa to an olive crusher in the nearby town of Palombara Sabina
in Latin) was officially recognized as a product of Rome
according to the European Union’s Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) classification
built the Tivoli estate between 117 and 138
Its buildings combined elements of Egyptian
and Roman architecture that he witnessed during his extensive travels across the Roman empire
Famous features include the Maritime Theater
a circular structure surrounded by water where Hadrian spent time reflecting and meditating
a statue-lined oval pool representing the river Nile
and patches of wilderness into the estate’s design
the villa passed into different hands until it was abandoned by the 6th century
the complex was used for radically different purposes than the one intended by its founder
Foreign troops used part of the estate as their headquarters
and builders would notoriously steal marble and other stones needed for new buildings in the area
It was only in the 15th century that the estate was “rediscovered” and treated as a monument
olive trees were silent witnesses to the villa’s highs and lows
“We know from visitors’ notes that there were olive trees in the area for centuries,” says Andrea Bruciati
an art historian and director of Hadrian Villa archeological complex
adding that the majority of olive trees used for current production are only a few hundred years old
As many as seven different cultivars of olive trees grow on the estate
including one totally unique variety called Albero Bello
the villa produced special olive oil made only from the olives of this nearly thousand-year-old giant
Putting the olive grove back in production
allows for an active preservation of the villa’s botanical heritage and highlights the surrounding landscape
as Tivoli has been known for its olive oil farming through the ages
“We want to preserve the olive trees not just for their aesthetic value but for their actual productive value,” he notes
Olea Hadriana is not available to the public
Its production is intended only for visitors to the villa to taste
while school groups attend open-air lessons about olive oil production
allow for a different kind of experience on the land on which the archeological complex stands
“I have always thought of Hadrian Villa not just as an archeological entity
but as a place where visitors can engage in slow and thoughtful exploration,” he says
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Important archaeological discovery at the Villa Adriana in Tivoli: a team of Spanish archaeologists from the Universidad Pablo de Olavide in Seville
directed by Professor Rafael Hidalgo Prieto
it would not be a triclinium as there are so many
would have no other counterpart in the world: in fact
archaeologists found there a marble platform that in ancient times was surrounded by water and fountains and gave Emperor Hadrian and his diners the feeling of dining on water.“What we have found,” Professor Prieto explained to the Spanish daily ABC
a monumental fountain: it is like a large pool with fountains all around it
with a some marble pillars on which Emperor Hadrian arranged a walkway
where one had the sensation of floating on water while standing on a marble platform.”
with the sound of the water always present during the banquet
There is no banquet hall as sophisticated as the one we found at Villa Adriana.”
“Pablo de Olavide” University has been working on the excavation in the Palace area at Hadrian’s Villa since 2013
and what was presented to the Spanish press yesterday is probably the most important discovery of these years of work
While the original purpose of the temple is unclear
the Pantheon survives virtually intact today as a converted church in the heart of Rome
The temple was the largest to be constructed in Rome
and its position atop the Velia Hill added to its imposing appearance
being composed of a double rectangular colonnade around two cellae arranged back to back
Even the temple’s goddesses echoed this design: Venus is the goddess of amor (“love”)
The temple’s remains are open to the public today
Hadrian’s most opulent work was his countryside palace, located in Tivoli
the Villa Adriana stretched over some 7 square miles (18 square km)
resembling more a small city than a residence
One remarkable structure within this complex is the Maritime Theatre
a circular “villa within a villa” separated from the main grounds by a moat
a long pool representing the Nile with copies of various Greek statues along the perimeter
Surviving portions of the Villa Adriana provide a glimpse into the architectural prowess and cultural scope of the Roman Empire at its peak
There is free entry to the sites of Hadrian's Villa and Villa d'Este in Tivoli
on the first Monday of the month between May and December
Entry to Villa Adriana, the vast imperial residence of Emperor Hadrian, and Villa d'Este, the spectacular water garden, is from 09.00-13.00 and from 14.00-17.00.
Entry to both the UNESCO World Hertiage Sites is also free on Sundays from October to March, as part of the Italian culture ministry's Domenica al Museo initiative
The next free opening is 5 August. For visiting details see Coopculture website
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Hadrian’s Villa opened the Serapeum to the public for the first time: the structure was intended to reproduce the Serapeum
or the temple dedicated to the Egyptian god Serapis
located in the ancient Egyptian city of Canopus
and consisted of a large exedra-shaped pavilion with
a 119-meter-long pool surrounded by a portico with statues
In ancient times Emperor Hadrian used the Serapeum as a place for outdoor parties
especially since the pavilion was also embellished with water features that entertained guests
It is one of the most spectacular spaces in Hadrian’s Villa.The Serapeum is included
in the new tour route that reveals to the public spaces that have never been open before
which until now has been inaccessible for security reasons
The public will also be able to admire the Serapeum’s vault from above and will have the opportunity to observe it from an unusual view: the goal is to bring the 2019 public’s gaze closer to that of Emperor Hadrian
“If the Maritime Theater is the private
intimate and reserved area of Hadrian’s Villa,” points out Villa Adriana director Andrea Bruciati
“the Serapeo is the heart of the mundane
tunnels and subterranean passages is basically like entering the rooms of the god
offering a two-dimensional image of itself; now the full depth
organicity and complexity is grasped.”
Admission to the Serapeo will be limited and visitors will be accompanied by Coopculture staff
An additional ticket will be required for the visit
Vogue Interiors announced that interior designers Leslie Gebert
IDS are creating the interior for Harbourside Custom Homes’ Villa Adriana II in Via Trevi at Miromar Lakes Beach and Golf Club. The 2,815 square feet under air lakefront home features an open-concept floor plan with a spacious great room
a powder room that also serves as a pool bath
an outdoor living area with an outdoor kitchen
and a three-car garage. Tray ceilings are featured throughout the living areas and in the master suite. The great room includes a bar with a bar sink and an undercounter refrigerator. The master suite features two walk-in closets and a bath with a free-standing tub and a walk-in shower
Leslie and Salvatore have created a compelling modern design for the Adriana II. Their soothing color pallette of soft ivories and greys will be accented with occasional light splashes of persimmon and charcoal. Exceptionally long 60-inch ceramic wood-look tile plank flooring will be done in a soft ivory finish and featured in the home’s living areas
Visitors to the Adriana II will be greeted in a dramatic double foyer with a ceiling that soars to nearly 18 feet. Mirror wall details in the first foyer will extend from floor to ceiling and feature contemporary chrome wall sconces. A stunning chandelier will feature crystal strands of varying lengths. A recessed niche in the second foyer will be finished with an ivory-toned origami wallpaper with vertical pleats that conveys a very soft contemporary look
A large art piece will be displayed over a contemporary buffet featuring a dark charcoal finish with metal details and a glass shelf
The great room’s feature wall will showcase a pair of bump outs flanking a center section. Back-lit textured ivory
and white wallpaper will cover the walls of the entire space. A floating dark charcoal-grey console with under-lighting will be built into the wall and feature a wooden top finished in the same dark charcoal-grey tone. Four flat doors on the console will include large half-circle hardware. The ceiling in the great room will mimic the ceiling in the study on a larger scale. A contemporary ceiling fan will be finished in brushed nickel
Furnishings in the great room will include a sofa flanked by two end tables
and a rectangular coffee table. The square-armed sofa will feature a textured ivory linen performance fabric and two lumbar pillows in a velvet fabric that has embroidery in persimmon
and white. The charcoal-grey end tables will include circular chrome pulls. Medium grey embossed charcoal chenille fabric on the side chairs will provide a soft contrast. The distinctive coffee table will feature a brushed nickel base
and a raised center section. The furnishings will be anchored by an 8-foot by a grey 11-foot wool area rug with a cut-loop design
four swivel barstools with medium grey textured vinyl that imitates ostrich leather and shiny chrome bases will be placed at a waterfall island with a white quartz top featuring dramatic charcoal veining and embedded sparkles. The dark charcoal island base will contrast the high-gloss white perimeter cabinetry and soft grey quartz counter surface. White and soft grey glass tile in a chevron design will be used to create the backsplash
A 60-inch wide chandelier with six candle stick features will provide a design highlight in the dining area. A dark espresso border surrounding two square brushed metal inlays will give the dining table a distinctive look. The metal inlay will also be featured on the table legs. Six chairs will present dark espresso frames and woven fabric in a persimmon color.
A tray ceiling with beam details wrapped in grey metallic toned wallpaper in the master bedroom will continue the look established throughout the home. A unique circular contemporary chandelier will include glass planks in varied lengths. The hammered effect of the glass provides a textural element. Contemporary lighting fixtures with silver shades will be hung from fine wires over large nightstands with glossy white frames
taupe swirled wood grain touch latch drawer fronts
and brushed nickel hardware. A glossy white dresser will include touch latch drawers and contemporary cutout patterns
The bed will feature a quilted taupe leather headboard and a wooden frame. Draperies done in a steel grey satin will frame a pocketing slider that opens to the pool deck. Ten-inch long ivory colored silk fringe will hang from the bottom of the draperies. An ivory chenille lounging chair with a tufted back and an ivory soft shag area rug will complete the look
The master bathroom’s back wall that extends from behind a stand-alone tub all the way into the shower will be finished with vertical 12 by 36-inch ivory and taupe sparkle enhanced porcelain tile that is also used on the floor. A double vanity will include high gloss white cabinetry and a white granite counter surface
Horizontal vanity sconces will include miniscule crystal lines that will glow when the lights are on. Other than the back wall
the bathroom’s wall covering will present a textured
pearlized white wallpaper that will extend into the water closet. A chrome circular orb chandelier will include four candle stick lights in the center
The outdoor living area will feature ebony and sling-white furnishings
including four lounge chairs by the pool. The dining area will include an extendable
all white table with six chairs featuring black bases and white Sunbrella performance fabric cushions. The grill wall will be done with dark grey outdoor cabinets
Vogue Interiors has earned numerous national
regional and local awards. From corporate offices at 24520 Production Circle in Bonita Springs
Vogue Interiors provides design services to residential and commercial clients in the United States and abroad. Visit Vogue Interiors online at vogueinteriors.com
Fendi
is collaborating with Villa Adriana and Villa d’Este for the conservative restoration of the Grotto of Diana
set to commence in the coming months within the Estense Garden in Tivoli
The restoration aims to revive the intricate beauty of this historical site
enhancing accessibility and accommodating the needs of individuals with diverse disabilities through specialized pathways
positioned in a picturesque locale within Villa d’Este—a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2001—is a significant cruciform plan nymphaeum
Constructed between 1570 and 1572 by Paolo Calandrino
likely inspired by architect Pirro Ligorio
it venerates the virtues of honest pleasure and chastity embodied by Diana
Intricately adorned with depictions from Ovid’s Metamorphoses
the grotto showcases a multifaceted décor using various materials like stuccoes
The Grotto of Diana holds historical importance as a pivotal model influencing the design of grottoes and nymphaea in European gardens during the 16th and 17th centuries
Cardinal Ippolito II d’Este found solace in these spaces
embodying the essence of late 16th-century Mannerist culture
director of the Villa Adriana and Villa d’Este Autonomous Institute
underscores the restoration’s comprehensive nature
“Our intervention aims to protect and restore the intricate decorations
enabling a complete understanding of Villa d’Este.”
expresses pride in extending Fendi’s commitment to protecting Italian cultural heritage to Villa D’Este
He highlights Fendi’s legacy of restoring symbolic Roman landmarks and emphasizes the brand’s dedication to preserving beauty for future generations
This collaboration aligns with the institute’s core mission of preserving cultural heritage
Andrea Bruciati underscores the significance of partnering with Fendi
a brand deeply rooted in the pursuit of beauty
Fendi’s previous ‘FENDI for Fountains’ initiative
stands as a testament to their commitment to preserving Italy’s cultural richness
In keeping with Hadrian’s love for knowledge and the intellect
the olive oil will be sold in his Villa’s bookshop
Italy has produced 78 bottles of olive oil from its 3,500 ancient olive trees
marking a comeback for the historic product
The Villa’s curator aims to promote local agriculture and preserve the cultural heritage of the site
which attracts 600,000 visitors annually
Olive oil from Hadrian’s orchard is flowing again. The Roman Emperor’s second-century retreat, Hadrian’s Villa
has produced 78 bottles for the initial sale of this comeback product
The 3,500 olive trees in the park are all more than 200 years old
Hadrian’s Villa curator and historian Andrea Bruciati plans to market produce from Villa d’Este
the adjoining park built by Cardinal Ippolito II d’Este
an unusual oblong grape famed for its sweetness
Cardinal d’Este brought the grape from France and the region’s annual Pizzutello festival
features a costume parade and celebration of this heirloom grape
Bruciati is committed to the slow food movement
and he thinks the Villa Adriana and the Villa d’Este are the perfect place to raise awareness of old agricultural ways
Six hundred thousand visitors visit annually to enjoy the grounds
“Safeguarding the artistic and cultural heritage means not just protecting the landscape but also the pastoral agriculture that in some way is its soul
Supporting the local oil with a gesture like ours means adhering to the spirit of the place,” the Telegraph reported Bruciati saying
“The olive groves can’t be a mere background to the Villa because they are an integral part of its perception
in the collective image of millions of people.”
Hadrian’s villa is devoted to safeguarding intangible culture
Part of the UNESCO definition of intangible culture includes “knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe,” which fits the goal of preserving and harvesting these revered olive trees
A rare bearded ruler (he took his fashion cues from Greek philosophers)
his villa provided a government retreat outside Rome
He was an amateur architect and his huge property gave him space to construct libraries
In keeping with Hadrian’s love for knowledge and the intellect
the olive oil will be sold in the villa’s bookshop
founder of the UCLA Cultural Virtual Reality Laboratory
is a pioneer in 3D computer modeling of cultural heritage sites
His creation of a 3D restoration model of Hadrian’s Villa is one of several projects he’s done of important sites in Italy
“I am sure that Hadrian would have been delighted to know that his Tiburtine villa (note that he had many others) remains so well intact
that it attracts tens of thousands of visitors each year and that through the villa
his memory is kept alive so many centuries after his death,” Frischer told Olive Oil Times
“Certainly the cultivation of olive trees and production of olive oil would have been an important part of what the Tiburtine villa produced
From the oil made in the immediate vicinity of the villa today
it is clear that the soil and climate conditions were very favorable for producing flavorful and abundant olive oil there.”
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brother and sister Tommaso and Angela Fiore continue the family legacy
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The millenary tree symbolizes the resilience of the central Italian region
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law enforcement has worked hard to keep up
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Umbria Blazes the Trail of Year-Round Oleotourism
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restaurateurs and tourism officials in Umbria are working to turn extra virgin olive oil into a year-round attraction
Twenty years have passed since the inclusion of Hadrian’s Villa on the World Heritage List
theVilla Adriana and Villa d’Este-Villae Institute is presenting until September 30
2020 the free-entrance exhibition 60/20: Villa Adriana between Cinema and UNESCO
curated by Andrea Bruciati and Francesca Roncoroni
organized by the Villae and supported by Service I of the General Secretariat of MiBACT.The intent of the exhibition is to narrate Villa Adriana through the cinema that has made it the protagonist of films and TV and web series for sixty years
The exhibition highlights how around the 1960s
cinema designated Villa Adriana as a set of excellence
The site had recently undergone an archaeological rediscovery
restoration and major museographic projects
equipped with panels in Italian and English and multimedia content in Chinese
is set up in the Reception Center of the archaeological area of Hadrian’s Villa and brings together a selection of visual suggestions from Italian and foreign films
the sound of which is in the original language to highlight the internationality of the productions
“The exhibition,” commented Villae director Andrea Bruciati
"traces the themes of the archaeological rediscovery of Hadrian’s Villa after the war
its opening to mass tourism and the mediation of its cultural and aesthetic values through cinema to an increasingly wide audience
at a time of identity reappropriation of places and leisure time
Cinema and audiovisuals are fundamental means of artistic expression
cultural education and social communication and play a role of primary importance in the sphere of territorial promotion and the image of our country abroad
the Institute intends to continue the path of exploring the relationship between cinema and art undertaken with the Villae Film Festival."
Below is the list of films and TV and web series featuring Villa Adriana:
The Blood and the Rose / Et mourir de plaisir
90’Colonel Von Ryan / Von Ryan’s Express
Directed by: Mario Castellacci and Pierfrancesco Pingitore
The adventures of the incredible Hercules / The adventures of Hercules II 1985
110’The belly of the architect / The belly of an architect
89’All the money in the world / All the money in the world
132’Smetto quando voglio - Masterclass
Ph.Credit.
The restoration of the Grotto of Diana of the Estense Garden in Tivoli will start in the coming months
thanks to the collaboration between theVilla Adriana and Villa d’Este Institute and FENDI
The intervention will be aimed at the full recovery of the legibility of the decorative cycle and the reopening of one of the places that most characterize the site
Particular attention will be paid to improving motor accessibility to the Grotto
as well as to the needs of people with visual
through a dedicated route.Located in a scenic spot of Villa d’Este
elected a UNESCO World Heritage Site back in 2001
the Grotto of Diana is a cruciform chambered nymphaeum located in the Passeggiata del Cardinale
Made between 1570 and 1572 by Paolo Calandrino probably inspired by Pirro Ligorio
the architect who designed the Villa and park
the room is dedicated to honest pleasure and chastity
Inside are depicted mythological episodes from Ovid’s Metamorphoses along with Tritons
The entire surface of the cave is covered with rich and complex polychrome and polymateric decoration (stucco
Diana’s Grotto was an important role model
fundamental to the development of grottos and nymphaea in European gardens of the 16th and 17th centuries
Cardinal Ippolito II d’Este himself loved to walk in these places
as they contained an ideal synthesis of the main values of late 16th-century Mannerist culture
“The overall conservative intervention,” said Andrea Bruciati
director of the Villa Adriana and Villa d’Este Autonomous Institute
“intends to ensure the protection of the property through work on the decorated surfaces but also on the adjacent structures and paths
for a full recovery of the legibility of the decorative cycle
The goal is the reopening to the public of a central junction of the visitor route and an architectural and decorative space essential to the understanding of the Villa d’Este itself.”
“It is an honor for FENDI to extend its Roman boundaries to the Villa d’Este
recognized worldwide as a UNESCO World Heritage Site
an iconic place that represents a masterpiece of the Italian garden with a vast concentration of fountains and water features
an element strongly celebrated by FENDI,” said Serge Brunschwig
“This initiative renews our commitment to the protection and enhancement of Italy’s cultural heritage
which in the past has led us to restore symbolic places in Rome to pass on beauty to future generations.”
The restoration is in line with the primary objectives of protection and enhancement of cultural heritage set by the director of the Villa Adriana and Villa d’Este Autonomous Institute
who strongly wanted this partnership with FENDI
already protagonist of similar interventions in the past
through the project of “FENDI for Fountains” with the restoration of various symbolic fountains of Rome
the Peschiera Fountain and the New Virgin Water Exhibit
up to the more recent Temple of Venus and Rome at the Palatine
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The Emperor's country estate is aligned to meet the solstices
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a period during which it underwent a thorough restoration campaign
the Maritime Theater of Hadrian’s Villa in Tivoli finally reopens to the public
which will be open again starting Saturday
The presentation of the intervention will instead be held on Friday
in the presence of Undersecretary for Cultural Heritage Ilaria Borletti Buitoni
The inauguration will also mark the beginning of a two-year period dedicated to Emperor Hadrian
whose anniversary number 1900 of his accession to the imperial throne (117 AD) falls.“The Maritime Theater,” says Andrea Bruciati
Director of Hadrian’s Villa and Villa d’Este
which now re-emerges from a restoration that has affected a fundamental area of the Hadrianic residential complex over the last three years
which now reintegrates the total reading of the monument
casting a new light on the near future of the Villa
This reopening thus marks a first extroverted act of an inclusive process that will see various areas unfold once again to the public in this two-year period dedicated to the Emperor
It is a symbolic and concrete action that dialectically grafts itself onto a precious and ancient frequency
which indicates in an actualized way the new course of the Villa Adriana and Villa d’Este Institute.”
The restoration intervened on many issues that had remained open
explains: “The challenging restoration work
solved the security problems and returned full legibility to the most famous monumental complex of the Villa
which for its many mentions in modern architecture has contributed decisively to the inscription of the Tiburtine residence in the UNESCO World Heritage Site
the striking annular portico of the Maritime Theater
which provided access to the two nearby Imperial Palaces
and it will be possible to admire the tiny private domus welcomed on the central island surrounded by the canal
conducted - as is the tradition in Villa restorations - with rigorous philological method
and the cleaning of the stone surfaces emphasize the beauty of the spatial solutions that fit
favoring wraparound spaces and vaulted roofs
into the most innovative strand of Hadrianic design
additions and consolidations have restored sharpness of line to the colossal structures of what was actually the Villa’s library
an expression of the ideal of Greek culture that rose to become the true unifying element of Hadrian’s Empire.”
Hadrian's Villa can only hint at its second-century glory
But a new digital archaeology project promises to transport computer users to the Roman emperor's opulent compound as it might have been nearly 2,000 years ago
Five years in the making, the Digital Hadrian's Villa Project brings to life all 250 acres (101 hectares) of the estate in Tivoli
through 3D reconstructions and gaming software
and the first of its 20 interactive Web players should be publicly available sometime before Thanksgiving (Nov
said the project's leader Bernie Frischer of Indiana University
The project's genesis sounds something like a tale of artistic patronage in ancient Rome
"I met a very wealthy person in the L.A.-area who loves Roman architecture and asked me if I could make a model of his favorite example of Roman architecture, which is Hadrian's Villa," Frischer said
That donor gave Indiana University funds for the project
and Frischer started working on it in 2008
He was later supplemented by a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
Get the world’s most fascinating discoveries delivered straight to your inbox
which were likely traversed by thousands of slaves and merchants to keep the villa running smoothly
Over the next 12 to 18 months, Frischer said his team would roll out Web players for 20 of the complexes at Hadrian's Villa
allowing users to explore digital reconstructions of the buildings based on scholarly research
"The overall model reflects the thinking of experts who sign off on the models when they're done," Frischer told LiveScience
Frischer said the foundations are all that survive of the three-building Antinoeion
He based his model of the site on the interpretation by Zaccaria Mari
an archaeologist who excavated the sanctuary
"In this field of virtual heritage … one of the perennial problems we confront is uncertainty," Fischer told LiveScience
"There's always disagreement and there's always an absence of evidence."
The project also makes publicly available its "paradata" to be transparent about what academic research influenced each part of the reconstruction
He likened these bits of information to the footnotes in scholarly print publications
Merging scholarly data into gaming software isn't intended to be used only by virtual tourists and history buffs
Frischer says scholars also might use his Web players to make discoveries
"Recent work has shown that there is a major solar alignment on April 21," the day Romans celebrated as the anniversary of their city's founding
"The sunlight goes through the big opening of the dome in the Pantheon and illuminates the door at exactly Noon on April 21."
Frischer said he is looking for a commercial partner or foundation to help apply the gaming software to another one of his projects, Rome Reborn
Check back on the website of the Digital Hadrian's Villa Project to download the first Web player when it becomes available
Ancient Egyptians drew the Milky Way on coffins and tombs
Archaeologists discover hundreds of metal objects up to 3,400 years old on mysterious volcanic hilltop in Hungary
Oscar Niemeyer is the architect who more than any other defined modern Brazil
shaping the capital Brasilia with his spectacular buildings and designing numerous other works
The villa in the luxuriant district of the Jardim Botânico
The architect designed the house for Carmen Baldo
and it belonged to her descendants until 2011
when it was bought by the artist Adriana Varejão
who with a major but respectful refurbishment has restored the splendour of its rigorous rational volumes
known for her canvases with applied materials and sculptures that probe the colonial past of South America
is considered one of the most important Brazilian artists of her generation
She regards the building as a special place in which to combine life and work
This is how the artist describes her relationship with Niemeyer’s architectural legacy: “Since a very young age I’ve been in contact with the architectural beauty of Modernism and
with the idiosyncrasies and inconsistencies of the movement
which over the years lost sight of its initial aims: the contrast
Paradoxically I sought my artistic references in baroque architecture
from both the aesthetic and the conceptual viewpoint
Perhaps living in a modernist construction
with ample open spaces and immersed in an exuberant landscape
makes me feel close to the initial utopian ideas of the movement
It certainly helps me to find a balance in the dense and chaotic baroque universe that lives inside me.” So Varejão has turned the built ‘object’ into an intellectual dialogue with her art
but above all into an open and vital residence: “My ideal home is a shared and always open space in which to receive people and have fun
The furnishings reflect its owner’s attentive eye for the protagonists of Brazilian design
I’m also an enthusiast of the work of Roberto Burle Marx
but he also designed extraordinary jewellery and fabrics
And I have a great admiration for Athos Bulcão
who collaborated on several of Oscar Niemeyer’s projects with his compositions of ceramic tiles.” Not coincidentally Varejão’s most recent paintings
“The Portuguese tiles called azulejos are a good example of how I have chosen to appropriate certain elements linked to colonialism and European culture
changing their meaning completely to convey a different message
the tile produced by the Spanish in Mexico
I don’t believe that decorative art is a minor art
and I like to break down the hierarchy between ‘high art’ and ‘popular art’
Everything deserves its place in history.”
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TheVilla Adriana and Villa d’Este Institute - Villae officially reopens to the public on May 21
after restoration works conducted by the Regional Secretariat for Lazio
two crucial areas of Hadrian’s Villa
These interventions are in addition to those on the Mouseia
thus promoting an expansion of access possibilities and the overall reinterpretation by scholars of the archaeological area of Hadrian’s Villa.Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1999
the complex was built between 118 and 138 A.D
spread over an area of about one hundred and twenty hectares
presents a multipurpose architectural heritage
the work involved the consolidation and recovery of the masonry
the cleaning of the pictorial and floor surfaces
particularly for the Octagonal Hall; in addition to these interventions
the renovation of the didactic and communication apparatuses was carried out
as well as the setting up of an accessible visit route complete with tactile panels in Italian and English with transcription in Braille
The Small Baths constitute one of the most luxurious buildings in the complex: in addition to the variety of marble decorations
a significant wealth of architectural solutions can be seen in the plan of the different rooms
in the vaults and in the movement of curved and flat surfaces
Presumably the entire complex was used for imperial attendance
given also the proximity to complexes of similar purpose
were intended for middle-ranking personnel following the court
known especially for the black-and-white tile floor mosaics forming geometric and floral decorations
and remediation of the iron framing of the old interventions of the 1950s and 1960s have been carried out
including by detaching portions of the flooring
“Villa Adriana,” says Villae director Andrea Bruciati
“has belonged to the World Heritage List since 1999
as a masterpiece that uniquely brings together the highest forms of expression of material and artistic culture of the ancient world
The Small Baths are an innovative and experimental building that has provided interesting ideas for the expressive formulation of the Baroque and all those languages that possess an expanded nature: for this reason
they represent a seminal building for new cognitive visions
a sort of complex devoted to the metamorphosis of forms according to an almost organic layout
where the whole of the parts builds a holistic architecture in continuous movement
our work is aimed at preserving this exceptional place
facilitating the possibility of accessing and enjoying it
and also promoting its reinterpretation on a daily basis
in the light of contemporary sensibilities.”
As noted by the MiC Regional Secretary for Lazio
head of the contracting station for the works
favored by an exclusively public investment
has allowed the reinterpretation of this important heritage in a contemporary key
thanks to the use and experimentation of new techniques and innovative materials
precisely for the preservation of those exceptional values that led to the identification of the UNESCO site of Villa Adriana
Prominent among all of them is the transparent ETFE dome with a lowered arch
which recreated an enclosed volume with minimal visual impact and without interfering with the ancient structures
allowing the Octagonal Hall to be protected from rainwater and further static disruption
which were followed and monitored by the single person in charge of the procedure
the director of works Enrico Calcara and Elsa Rizzi
with the coordination and testing of the Regional Secretariat for Lazio
important new scientific that have made it possible to expand the knowledge of Hadrian’s architecture
in particular of the dome of the Sala Ottagona
thus restoring to the building of the Small Baths their original physiognomy
distinct from the Great Baths of the archaeological district
Despite the setback imposed by the health emergency in 2020
the Contracting Authority effectively coordinated and concluded the work of upgrading and securing the masonry structures from the Hadrianic period and the tour route
which was completed last October by the company I.CO.RES srl
the main contractor awarded the contract with Consorzio ARKE’ and the Forcellino Company
Together with that of the museums and other cultural venues
the reopening of the Small Baths and Hospitalia
marks a new phase of restart in the cultural world
with the hope that more new doors will be opened to the future.”
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The Mail on Sunday & Metro Media Group
The Villa Described in LiteratureThe term villa designates several types of structure that share a natural setting or agrarian purpose
Included in the architecture of a villa may be working structures devoted to farming
The villa is therefore most aptly understood as a label or identity capturing several distinct parts
sometimes interrelated or dependent on one another and in other cases divorced from a larger architectural complex
the term villa exhibits mobility as the application of an idea to architecture
In place of a fixed image is an architectural environment that embodies an ideal of living
The form and organization of villa architecture depend upon literary descriptions provided by the authors of ancient Rome. Particularly, the writings of Columella (4–70 A.D.) in De re rustica (I.6.1–3) and Cato (234–149 B.C.) in De agricultura (I.4.1) elaborate on the features of their villas in the Campagna
the villa enjoys from the natural setting restorative powers
in opposition to the excesses of city life
Horace (65–8 B.C.) extolled the simple virtues and pleasures of ancient villa life in his poetry (for example
and letters unfurled in a setting that was distinctly different from the urban experience of Rome
Relying on initial reconstructions by Vincenzo Scamozzi (1548–1616)
later architects would turn to Pliny’s descriptions to imagine the spaces and experience of the ancient villa
The Villa Recovered: Archaeological Studies in Renaissance ItalyThe architecture and landscape elements described by Pliny the Younger appear as part of the Roman tradition of the monumental Villa Adriana
Originally built by Emperor Hadrian in the first century A.D
the villa extends across an area of more than 300 acres as a villa-estate combining the functions of imperial rule (negotium) and courtly leisure (otium)
the vast archaeological site was recovered in the fifteenth century and many architects—including Francesco di Giorgio Martini (1439–1501)
1512/13–1583)—excavated and recorded firsthand the details of Hadrian’s design while consulting descriptive passages of the emperor’s life at the villa from the text Historia Augusta
the architect-antiquarian Ligorio employed sculptural remains of the Villa Adriana in the Vatican gardens and as architectural spolia in his design of the nearby Villa d’Este (begun 1560)
Built as one of the most splendid garden ensembles in Renaissance Italy
Ligorio’s design for Cardinal Ippolito II d’Este (1509–1572) remains celebrated for its festive waterworks and terraced gardens (1991.1073.145[4.3])
Like the descriptions of ancient villas consulted by Renaissance architects
the Villa d’Este commands spectacular vistas over the Roman campagna from its position high in the hills of Tivoli above the Villa Adriana
The Invention of the Villa: Renaissance Rome and FlorenceThe imagined grandeur of the ancient Roman villa-estate depended not only on written descriptions but developed from the rediscovery of painted frescoes on the walls of antique ruins
The painter-architect Raphael (1483–1520) and his workshop reinterpreted the highly ornamental stucco details from their archaeological studies for the monumental Villa Madama in Rome (begun 1517)
The painted and sculpted relief grotesques portray narratives from ancient authors and follow antique examples from the Villa Adriana and the Domus Aurea
several architects—including Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola (1507–1573)
and Giorgio Vasari (1511–1574)—created ornate surfaces within the courtyard
and grotto at the retreat in suburban Rome known as the Villa Giulia (1551–53)
their designs unified the architecture of the surface
and landscape setting into a carefully arranged decorative whole
replete with fantastic water displays (1991.1073.145[2.7]) and antique statues (1990.53.1); (1990.53.2)
formed the stage for the grand theatrical entertainments of the day
Noteworthy examples include the immense villa gardens on the Pincio and Gianiculum hills associated with the powerful families of Rome such as the Villa Pincian (now Villa Borghese
the Villa Medici (1540/1574–77) (61.532.26[7])
and the Villa Doria Pamphilj (1644–52) on the Gianiculum
Equally vast estates were laid out in the Alban hills outside Rome at Frascati
including the Villa Aldobrandini (1598–1603) (1991.1073.145[2.5]) and the Villa Mondragone (1573–77) (1991.1073.145[2.18])
In and around Florence during the sixteenth century
the Medici family developed a series of villas integrated with the garden setting
such as the magnificently situated Villa Medici at Fiesole (1458–61)
the inventive villa-park at Pratolino (now Villa Demidoff
and the delightful Villa La Petraia (1575–90) (36.31.10[33])
with its central belvedere overlooking the Arno River valley
who promoted the antique tradition of his practice in I quattro libri dell’architettura (1570)
In Palladio’s design for the Villa Almerico
four identical porticos with temple-fronts and broad rising staircases are arrayed symmetrically on perpendicular axes about a circular sala at the center of the building
The villa is advantageously placed on a hilltop and controls the landscape by its visibility across the fields
Palladio’s invention recalls the unusual combination of forms at the Villa Adriana
as he crowns the building with a dome and invests the structure with its alternate identity
which recognizes the ancient Roman example of the Pantheon
The first revived design from Palladio’s text was likely Lord Burlington’s Chiswick House near London (1725–29)
based on the published woodcuts and travelers’ observations of the Villa Rotonda (41.100.169[1.2.15])
On the European continent as well as on distant shores
Palladianism replaced other ideas of the Roman villa
the typology of his villa designs influenced Pieter Post’s (1608–1669) villa-palace Huis ten Bosch
the Neo-Palladian vocabulary influenced Thomas Jefferson’s home and retreat outside of Charlottesville
and informed the design of Drayton Hall (ca
built at the center of a rice plantation on the banks of the Ashley River near Charleston
The Kirtlington Park dining room (1742–48) combines various sources in the design
including motifs after antique models (32.53.1)
exuberant contemporary decorative flourishes in the wall decoration
and the seventeenth-century Palladian pattern on the ceiling after a similar design by Inigo Jones
the dignified Neoclassical dining room from Lansdowne House (1766–69)
may have more in common with an ideal interior after Palladio (32.12)
The archaeologically correct ornamentation of the hall
especially the niches with antique sculpture
resembles the published design for a Corinthian Hall from the pages of Giacomo Leoni’s English edition of Palladio’s treatise (1715) (41.100.169[1.2.28])
Vanessa Bezemer SellersIndependent Scholar
Geoffrey TaylorDepartment of Drawings and Prints
The Villa: Form and Ideology of Country Houses
Andrea Palladio: The Architect in His Time
Peck, Amelia, et al. Period Rooms in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1996. See on MetPublications
“The Idea and Invention of the Villa.” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/villa/hd_villa.htm (October 2004)
More from the Timeline of Art HistoryView all
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curated by Anne Palopoli texts Andrea Bruciati
Marco Scotini bilingual Italian and English edition Quodlibet
Published on the occasion of Luca Vitone’s exhibitions at MAXXI and Villa Adriana
this volume documents the series of works created in the imperial villa in Tivoli starting in 2018: canvases exposed to climatic conditions are transformed into landscape paintings
The reflection on the place is developed and deepened in the texts collected within the volume
Contributions from curators and art historians trace the artistic path of Luca Vitone from the mid-eighties to the present with this theme
a rich iconographic apparatus and an artist’s bio traces his main exhibitions from the beginning to the present day
The TimesThe chance discovery of vividly painted chunks of masonry buried under Hadrian’s villa near Rome has given archaeologists the first evidence of how the emperor’s sprawling palace was a brightly painted kaleidoscope of colours
The huge quantity of pieces of ceiling fresco painted sky blue
white and gold and featuring ornate floral designs were discovered beneath a house on the site recently occupied by a caretaker
“For the first time we are seeing confirmation of how richly Hadrian decorated his palace,” Andrea Bruciati
The pieces show the vivid range of colours used in the construction of the villaMARCO PLACIDIFamed for his defensive wall across the top of the Roman province of Britannia
who reigned from AD117 until his death in AD138
also employed thousands to build his country retreat near modern-day Tivoli
the Uffizi Gallery in Florence is dedicating an exhibition to the myth of Niobe by displaying
alongside the thirteen famous statues of Niobe
belonging to the museum’s collection
another sculptural group recently discovered in the thermal sector of an ancient Roman villa
The two main sculptural groups dedicated to the Niobe myth are exhibited together for the first time in the Uffizi.The Uffizi’s thirteen statues depict the slaying of the children of Niobe
the tragic protagonist of the mythological tale: the mother of seven sons and seven daughters
The myth is represented by the thirteen famous Roman-era statues now housed in the hall of the same name in the Gallery: for the exhibition
nine more are joined by a sculptural group recently discovered at Ciampino
The thirteen statues in the Uffizi were found in early 1583 within the Aurelian walls
in the vineyard of Gabriele and Tomaso Tommasini
and then transferred to Florence only in 1770
Now the Florentine Niobids will be confronted by the other sculptural group
currently preserved in the Shrine of Hercules the Victor in Tivoli
an architectural complex part of the Villa Adriana and Villa d’Este Institute
The nine sculptures were found in 2012 in a large pool near the thermal sector of an ancient villa on the outskirts of Rome
but once again recomposing the myth of Niobe
It is possible to learn more about the subject on the Uffizi website: starting today
a virtual exhibition dedicated to the two marble groups can be visited at uffizi.it
there will also be tours with tactile exploration on some of the sculptures in the Sala della Niobe
but aimed at small groups (maximum 5 people): to participate
one must make reservations by writing to uffiziaccessibili@cultura.gov.it and be in possession of the entrance ticket
“he group of Florentine Niobid statues has been one of the main interests of the protagonists of the Grand Tour for centuries,” says Eike Schmidt
“The direct comparison between the sculptures recently discovered at Ciampino and those of the Medici will enable a better appreciation of their affinities and discontinuities
while at the same time allowing more light to be shed on the prototypes on which they depend
housing a crowd of sculptures that narrate the cruelty of the gods and the foolishness of men.”
from the Uffizi and Tivoli,” points out Andrea Bruciati
director of the Villa Adriana and Villa d’Este Autonomous Institute in Tivoli
“can be interpreted as tableau vivant
a kind of solidified performance within which the narrative is structured in a cinematic manner
They therefore rise to expressive models of the same matrix
the Sanctuary group substantially complements that of the Uffizi
The politeness and perfection of the latter are an index and manifestation of a Kantian thought of distance and mastery of reason over emotion
the physical corruption of matter seems to suggest a description more attentive to the primal
an existential and porous residue of an apocalyptic tragedy.”