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Daniela Villalba is a Water Supply and Sanitation Specialist at the World Bank based in Colombia
She oversees the management of the country's water projects
such as the "Todos Somos Pazcífico" Plan and the government's support management through grants
she supports the Rural Water and Sanitation initiative in the Latin America and Caribbean region
She has worked in the water sector for over 8 years
combining experience from both the public and private sectors in Colombia and Venezuela
Daniela holds a Civil Engineering degree from the University of Los Andes (Mérida
Venezuela) and a Master’s in Civil Engineering (focused on project management) from the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Bogotá
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A man faces rape and kidnapping charges after the Lee County Sheriff's Office said he picked a 14-year-old girl up from school and drove her to a hotel
is charged with two counts of statutory rape
second-degree kidnapping and solicitation of a minor by computer
The sheriff's office said Bustamante picked the teenage girl up from a local middle school on Wednesday
When the girl didn't come home from school
investigators found the two together at a Red Roof Inn in Sanford
Warrants show Bustamante used Facebook to contact the teen
"It's absolutely heartbreaking," said Savannah Campbell
HAVEN is a non-profit that works with survivors of domestic violence and sexual assault
"We are very much more aware of how social media has become a factor," she said
It's the third recent case of a teen girl connecting with her alleged attacker on social media
In the Harnett County case, Elihue Martin Mahler, 31, and Austyn Lee Cole, 23, were charged after a 15-year-old girl from Spring Lake was missing for two days before she was found in Dare County
Prosecutors said Mahler took the teen to Virginia Beach before returning with her to North Carolina with the plan to turn her over to Cole in Kitty Hawk so the two could engage in sex
Bustamante appeared in court Thursday morning
Bustamante was determined not to be a legal U.S
resident and will be held on a federal detainer
Chadrick Barefoot with the SBI Computer Crimes Child Exploitation Task Force said it's easy for traffickers to reach a child if they have internet access
He said traffickers groom their victims online
building trust before arranging dangerous meet-ups
and parents must be vigilant of their child's activity online
hopefully better than anyone else," Barefoot said
if you see your children acting in ways that they've not in the past
that's when you need to start asking some questions and having an open dialogue.”
Morrissa Moyer with the Center for Missing Persons said 15-year-old girls are especially vulnerable in cases like this
specifically 15-year-old females who are minorities
"We don't have a real reason why that happens
but this is very much on par statistically with what happens on a state level and a national level."
The National Human Trafficking hotline is available 24/7 by calling 1-888-373-7888. People can also text 233733 or use the organization’s chat
If you or someone you know is a victim of domestic violence
you can call the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-7233 (SAFE)
the North Carolina Coalition Against Domestic Violence has a list of resources at nccadv.org
Dolby Chadwick Gallery presents Paintings from home
an exhibition of recent work by artist Emilio Villalba
what I see myself reflected in," says Villalba
to amalgamations of objects that could be found in his kitchen
the artist builds scenes from his life by way of his unique visual language
He renders deeply personal affects—both on and off the canvas—in everything that surrounds him
the place he's called home for more than 15 years
This exhibition follows Villalba's debut solo institutional presentation
at the Nerman Museum of Contemporary Art in Kansas
Presented as a survey of his artistic evolution
each composition featured in the show bursts with life and individuality
particularly in his Everything is Something series
speaks to his remarkable ability to capture the essence of everyday life
Perhaps this is why these paintings resonate so strongly with viewers
"Flattened digital images of his paintings convey only a fraction of the truth," writes the esteemed JoAnne Northrup
Executive Director and Chief Curator at the Nerman Museum
in her foreword to the institution's exhibition catalogue
his paintings are alive with busy brushwork
His paintings convey a reverence for everyday objects and the people in his life."
The artist weaves loose stylistic influences from the Bay Area Figurative Movement (David Park
Joan Brown) and Expressionism (from Edvard Munch
and continues to experiment with Abstraction (inspired by artists Gerhard Richter
Villalba blurs the line between painting and sculpture in his recent compositions—pushing the boundaries of his training as a figurative painter
The large-scale works are characterized by their grid-like
sculptural quality achieved by his distinct painting method: systematically building numerous layers of oil paint onto the surface
displays intense emotions embodied by a controlled chaos in the composition
"this is still life painting taken to an exuberant extreme and [it] is both personal and universal."
Villalba is his most honest and vulnerable in this body of work
scene from his everyday life—imbues a strong
sense of intimacy and belonging for the viewer
glossy oil paint in his compositions transform mundane subjects to extraordinary narratives
"The evident buildup on the surface mirrors how the human form reveals its deeper structural elements," states Villalba
1984) received a Master of Fine Arts in Painting from the Academy of Art University
San Francisco in 2012 and a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Animation from the Art Institute of California
He has exhibited extensively in San Francisco and New York City
and has collaborated with the international fashion house Valentino
His work was recently acquired by the Crocker Art Museum in Sacramento and the Nerman Museum of Contemporary Art in Kansas
Visite nuestra página de admisiones en Español para futuros estudiantes
on-the-spot efforts have not gone unnoticed by the Cowboys
you’ve found your way to the best seat in the house
That’s why Villalba packs up his bags and goes to work every day
Alumni, Rawls Business
Two women were recently arrested in connection to the fatal shooting of a man
just hours after he was released from jail
were arrested in Los Angeles by federal law enforcement on Wednesday and charged with an open count of murder and tampering with evidence in the August shooting death of Adam Morres
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Gregory R.C. Hasman covers crime and is the ‘Road Warrior’. You can contact him at ghasman@abqjournal.com
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known for her loving spirit and generosity
Her cherished grandchildren include Malik (and his wife
Maria was also a proud great-grandmother to Ophelia
and her ashes will be spread in a private ceremony
Her family will forever carry her memory and love in their hearts
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Detectives from the Albuquerque Police Department charged two women for the fatal shooting of Adam Morres on the morning of August 22
was murdered just hours after he was released from jail
federal law enforcement authorities in Los Angeles apprehended Katherine Silas
Both individuals are facing separate charges of murder and tampering with evidence
police responded to a shooting incident at 516 Hermosa Drive NE*
was found in the driver’s seat of a silver Toyota vehicle and sustained a gunshot wound to the head
Morres died from his injuries two days later
Homicide detectives assumed control of the investigation on August 24
APD homicide detectives ascertained that Morres was acquainted with Silas and Villalba
individuals implicated in drug trafficking activities
they were indicted in Arizona for their involvement in drug trafficking.
Detectives in a criminal complaint assert that Morres contacted Villalba on August 20th
and requested that she arrange for another individual to collect Morres’s belongings prior to his transportation to jail
This individual subsequently took possession of the belongings
which appeared to be in Villalba’s possession until the time of the murder
Detectives determined through investigation that Villalba and Silas were upset with Morres for betraying them at the time of the murder
Editor note: APD’s Civilian PIO stated this happened in southeast ABQ and it was in NE
You can read our initial story on this murder here:
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Pretty common knowledge you can track cellphones
In addition rather than face drug charges they opted for murder instead
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A federal judge sentenced two men to prison for carjacking a man in Tulsa and driving him around at gunpoint
Investigators said Ray Villalba arranged to meet the victim on a dating app
but showed up with Elijah Titone and they jumped the victim and tied him up with Zip-Ties
They said the men threatened to kill the victim
drove him to banks with a gun pointed at him and tried to take his money before leaving him on the side of the road
Villalba was sentenced to 18 years in prison
Investigators said the pair also broke into a Broken Arrow home two days later and that Villalba hit that victim in the eye with his gun
Related: 2 Men Arrested, Accused Of Multiple Charges After Alleged Home Invasion In Broken Arrow
Related: 2 Men Arrested, Accused Of Multiple Charges After Alleged Home Invasion In Broken Arrow
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We show that this response involves reprogramming the astrocyte methylome to a stem cell methylome and is absent if the de novo methyltransferase DNMT3A is missing
we unveil DNA methylation as a promising target for regenerative medicine
which comprises cells from the vSVZ (light grey) and striatum
UMAP and pseudotime ranks (excluding oligodendrocytes) based on data from all three molecular layers
Average methylation and chromatin accessibility levels around TSSs and CTCF-binding sites of one individual neuroblast
Correlation of VMR methylation and VAR accessibility with expression of the nearest gene
Negative correlations (blue) indicate a repressive effect of methylation or accessibility; positive correlations (orange) indicate activation
n is the number of nominally significant correlations (Pearson’s two-sided correlation test) after Benjamini–Hochberg adjustment
distance histogram of all significant correlations (blue
positive) between gene expression and all VMRs and VARs within 2 Mb of the TSS
Genes binned according to methylation change downstream of their TSS
Bar colour denotes the proportion of genes upregulated or downregulated
according to their transcript expression in the NSC lineage; parenthesized numbers denote gene number per bin
Overlap of significantly correlating VMRs and VARs with gene features (i) and candidate cis-regulatory elements (j)
raising the question of whether all astrocytes have latent neurogenic potential that is merely blocked during homeostasis
which characterizes three modalities simultaneously for each cell: the transcriptome (cytoplasmic and nuclear mRNA)
chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation
This enabled us to assess whether gene expression changes in the NSC lineage are underpinned by epigenetic changes
we compared NSCs (neurogenic vSVZ astrocytes) with non-neurogenic astrocytes from the striatum and cerebral cortex to determine whether NSC stemness is encoded in the epigenome
and the mean gene expression for the transcription factor in the respective cell population on the x axis
Human transcription factors are set in all upper case and mouse transcription factors are set with initial upper case only
This revealed a sharp increase in methylation near astrocyte markers at the qNSC2 stage
whereas their gene expression fades more gradually
Oligodendrocyte marker expression is clearly underpinned by epigenetic features
whereas TAP markers appear constitutively demethylated and accessible
corresponding methylomes represent subset of the cells in e
The residual presence of astrocytic transcripts in qNSC2 despite methylation might be due to the transition from vSVZ astrocytes to qNSC2 without cycling and thus without dilution of these transcripts
we found vast methylation differences between cells endowed with stemness and common parenchymal astrocytes of the striatum
despite their remarkably similar transcriptomes
We propose that it is DNA methylation that establishes the difference between stemness and supporting parenchymal astrocyte function
Pie charts show the proportion of cells inside the neurogenic lineage (qNSC2→neuroblast lineage is shown in salmon)
Methylome state of cells in transcriptome-based pseudotime
TLX–YFP fluorescence intensity for a subset of cells that were index-sorted
demonstrating that cells in the striatum do not derive from TLX+ vSVZ NSCs
These cells might represent cells transitioning into stemness
which would indicate that as opposed to homeostatic conditions
ischaemia-induced changes in gene expression may precede epigenome remodelling
whereas cells outside the lineage expressed markers observed in the A2 phenotype
this suggests a potential negative feedback loop in which ischaemia first induces demethylation
which is then activated and reverts the ischaemia-induced demethylation events
Experiment to assess whether injury-induced neurogenesis in the striatum depends on the de novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A
FACS quantification of PSA-NCAM+ neuroblasts in the naive or post-ischaemic striatum of n = 9 Dnmt3a-deficient mice and n = 10 wild-type control mice
columns represent the mean (on the logit scale) and error bars mark 95% confidence intervals
with P value for the (two-sided) contrast indicated above and 95% confidence interval for the difference below the bracket
All inference is performed using a linear model fitted on the logit scale
against the null hypothesis of the two bracket-marked differences not being equal) is 0.017
Schematic depiction of genes involved in astrocyte function and neurogenesis
and their methylation and gene expression status in different cell states
We propose that DNA methylation locks common parenchymal astrocytes in their astrocyte fate by repressing genes required for neurogenesis
which permits their progression along the neurogenic lineage
Source Data
Here we demonstrate that DNA methylation is similarly dynamic in NSCs that are differentiating in adult brains
Our results also suggest that methylation changes in response to environmental stimuli such as ischaemia
indicating that DNA methylation is even more dynamic and that it may have a role in a wide range of biological processes in adult tissues
Our finding that Dnmt3a itself is demethylated at 21 dpi suggests that activity of the DNA methylation machinery itself might be regulated by methylation change
injury-induced methylome remodelling results in demethylation at Dnmt3a
which may ultimately lead to altered DNMT3A activity that facilitates the reversal of the injury-induced methylation change in some cells
Further investigations are warranted to unravel such potential feedback loops
is the question of whether the current strategy of reprogramming through forced expression of transcription factors similarly remodels the methylome
or whether there are additional factors that would enhance the efficiency of reprogramming
it may be beneficial for reprogramming experiments to consider addressing the methylome to achieve stable and precise cell fates
Animals were housed in the animal facilities of the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) at a 12 h dark/light cycle with free access to food and water
Humidity was kept at 55% and temperature at 22 °C
All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the institutional guidelines of the DKFZ and were approved by the Regierungspräsidium Karlsruhe
Naive mice or injured mice were euthanized at 2 or 21 dpi for single-cell sorting and sequencing
Flow cytometry data analysis was done with BD FACSDiva 8.0.2
with a multiplexing capacity of 384 cells per run
To knock out Dnmt3a in cells of the striatum
we stereotactically injected 3 µl of AAV1_P5_Cre virus into both striata (coordinates calculated to bregma: anterior-posterior: 0 mm
Mice received 5.10 × 108 viral genomes in 3 µl
BCCAO was performed in mice at 5 days post-injection and were sacrificed 2 dpi for quantification of PSA-NCAM+ cells
Injected naive mice as well as non-injected naive and post-ischaemic mice were used as control
we considered the proportion of PSA-NCAM+ neuroblasts among all live (Sytox Blue negative) cells
Inference was performed using a linear model fitted on the logit scale
The proportion of TUNEL+ cells was averaged across technical replicates (slides) to obtain one value per biological replicate (individual mouse)
After dissociation and single-cell preparation
cells were plated in 96-well plates at a density of 1,000 cells in 200 µl per well
the number of wells that had neurospheres were counted
a maximum of 10 wells were randomly chosen for quantifying the number and size of neurospheres
Three biological replicates were used for every condition
After filtering PCR duplicates with Bismark
DNA methylation at individual cytosines was quantified with Bismark’s coverage2cytosine script using the NOMe-seq option to distinguish between CpG and GpC contexts
some cells passed the RNA quality threshold but did not pass the methylome quality threshold
we used ‘methscan smooth’ with a bandwidth of 1,000 (500 for GpC data) to quantify the smoothed mean methylation of all high-quality cells over the whole genome
VMRs and VARs were detected with ‘methscan scan’
a sliding window approach that scans the whole genome for regions of high methylation variance between cells
We used a bandwidth of 2,000 (1,000 for GpC data)
a step size of 10 and a variance threshold of 0.2
We then quantified methylation and accessibility at VMRs
VARs and promoters (TSS ± 1,000 bp) using ‘methscan matrix’
after normalizing and finding 3,000 highly variable genes using default Seurat parameters for both datasets
we used FindIntegrationAnchors and IntegrateData using 30 dimensions to integrate the datasets
principal component analysis (PCA) and UMAP on 30 principal components
Accessibility data was processed in the same manner
with the following differences: Only VARs observed in at least 40% of cells were considered
and promoter accessibility values were used in addition to VAR accessibility
Oligodendrocytes were excluded from pseudotime analysis since the focus of our study is on neurogenesis
The same procedure was repeated to integrate additional naive striatal and cortical astrocytes which were sequenced at a later date
Leiden clusters and pseudotime (using slingshot) were re-calculated on the integrated transcriptome PCA
Accessibility was correlated in the same manner
Only regions with genomic reads in at least five cells were considered
Correlation P values were adjusted for multiple testing with the Benjamini–Hochberg method
We used ‘methscan matrix’ to quantify DNA methylation (shrunken mean of residuals) in 3,000-bp-wide intervals downstream of TSSs
we considered the TSSs of all protein-coding genes and used the interval from +2 kb downstream to +5 kb downstream of each TSS
TSSs with sequencing coverage in at least 5 cells per group were then tested for differential methylation between astrocytes (vSVZ
striatum) and NSC-lineage cells (qNSC2→neuroblast) with the two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test
The same approach was applied to log-normalized RNA counts to determine genes up- or downregulated in the NSC lineage
Both sets of Wilcoxon P values were adjusted for multiple testing with the Benjamini–Hochberg method
TSSs were then binned according to the rounded methylation difference
counting TSSs with an adjusted Wilcoxon P value > 0.05 or a methylation difference smaller than 5% as not significant
We used the ward.D2 method of the R function hclust for hierarchical clustering of cell states
We chose to omit the cell state correlation heat map for chromatin accessibility data since the results depended greatly on the choice of pre-processing methods
To quantify (de)methylation events in the NSC lineage
we considered all VMRs that were observed in at least 100 cells of the naive wild-type NSC lineage including vSVZ astrocytes
we fit a step function to the methylation values as a function of pseudotime
The function is parametrized by a change point s in pseudotime and two constant values
which the function takes before and after s
Minimizing the sum of squared residuals over this parameter space
we found a most likely value for the methylation change point in pseudotime
VMR change points were considered (de)methylation events if the step function fit was at least 15% better (with respect to the squared residuals sum) than a constant fit without a step
methylation and chromatin accessibility of genes affected by demethylation in late TAPs (the ‘second wave’)
we selected VMRs with an inferred change point between pseudotime ranks 250 and 400 that intersect with a gene
log-normalized expression of its intersecting gene
Representative marker genes for each cell type or stage were determined with the two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test
by testing log-normalized expression values in cells of interest against the expression values of all other cells
We selected the top 100 most differentially expressed genes among genes with a Benjamini–Hochberg-adjusted P value below 0.05 that also contain a VMR in their gene body
methylation and accessibility values of these genes and their corresponding promoters or VMRs were averaged
The same strategy was used to identify motifs enriched in regions with low methylation in the neurogenic lineage (5,000 VMRs with the highest PC2 loading) and in common parenchymal astrocytes (lowest 5,000 PC2 loadings)
using the option “basal plus extension” with a constitutive 20 kb downstream regulatory domain and up to 1,000 kb maximum extension
To visualize smooth methylation tracks of LMRs and their surroundings
we averaged CpG methylation values in pseudobulk cell groups and smoothed these means with a weighted kernel smoother (tricube kernel
NSC methylomes and astrocyte methylomes were distinguished based on the mean methylation of all astrocyte and NSC LMRs; the depicted methylation score is the difference of these two means
This approach was repeated to test 21 dpi cells against naive
Data exploration and visualization was done in R/tidyverse 1.3.1
Further information on research design is available in the Nature Portfolio Reporting Summary linked to this article
The software that we developed to analyse single-cell methylome data is free and open source, and available at https://anders-biostat.github.io/MethSCAn. Additional scripts specific to this study are deposited at https://github.com/LKremer/scbs/tree/astrocyte-stemness-analysis
The subventricular zone continues to generate corpus callosum and rostral migratory stream astroglia in normal adult mice
The adult ventricular–subventricular zone (V-SVZ) and olfactory bulb (OB) neurogenesis
Release of stem cells from quiescence reveals gliogenic domains in the adult mouse brain
Single-cell analysis of the ventricular-subventricular zone reveals signatures of dorsal and ventral adult neurogenesis
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals a population of dormant neural stem cells that become activated upon brain injury
Single-cell transcriptomics characterizes cell types in the subventricular zone and uncovers molecular defects impairing adult neurogenesis
A latent neurogenic program in astrocytes regulated by Notch signaling in the mouse
Activation of a neural stem cell transcriptional program in parenchymal astrocytes
Inducing different neuronal subtypes from astrocytes in the injured mouse cerebral cortex
Striatal astrocytes produce neuroblasts in an excitotoxic model of Huntington’s disease
Reversing a model of Parkinson’s disease with in situ converted nigral neurons
Striatal astrocytes transdifferentiate into functional mature neurons following ischemic brain injury
scNMT-seq enables joint profiling of chromatin accessibility
DNA methylation and transcription in single cells
Quiescence modulates stem cell maintenance and regenerative capacity in the aging brain
Onset of differentiation is post-transcriptionally controlled in adult neural stem cells
Single-cell RNA counting at allele and isoform resolution using Smart-seq3
Cerrizuela, S. et al. High-throughput scNMT protocol for multiomics profiling of single cells from mouse brain and pancreatic organoids. STAR Protoc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101555 (2022)
Interferon regulates neural stem cell function at all ages by orchestrating mTOR and cell cycle
MOFA+: a statistical framework for comprehensive integration of multi-modal single-cell data
Nucleosome repositioning links DNA (de) methylation and differential CTCF binding during stem cell development
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Decoding the regulatory landscape of medulloblastoma using DNA methylation sequencing
Consistent inverse correlation between DNA methylation of the first intron and gene expression across tissues and species
Modeling complex patterns of differential DNA methylation that associate with gene expression changes
DNA-binding factors shape the mouse methylome at distal regulatory regions
Troy+ brain stem cells cycle through quiescence and regulate their number by sensing niche occupancy
High throughput screening of novel AAV capsids identifies variants for transduction of adult NSCs within the subventricular zone
NFIA is a gliogenic switch enabling rapid derivation of functional human astrocytes from pluripotent stem cells
Loss of NFIX transcription factor biases postnatal neural stem/progenitor cells toward oligodendrogenesis
The oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 OLIG2 regulates transcriptional repression during myelinogenesis in rodents
Oligodendrogliogenic and neurogenic adult subependymal zone neural stem cells constitute distinct lineages and exhibit differential responsiveness to Wnt signalling
Evidence that direct inhibition of transcription factor binding is the prevailing mode of gene and repeat repression by DNA methylation
Genetic determinants and epigenetic effects of pioneer-factor occupancy
Postnatal DNA demethylation and its role in tissue maturation
Ephrin-A2 reverse signaling negatively regulates neural progenitor proliferation and neurogenesis
Ephrins as negative regulators of adult neurogenesis in diverse regions of the central nervous system
EphB signaling controls lineage plasticity of adult neural stem cell niche cells
CRISPR technologies for precise epigenome editing
Genome-wide programmable transcriptional memory by CRISPR-based epigenome editing
Consistent injury to medium spiny neurons and white matter in the mouse striatum after prolonged transient global cerebral ischemia
The nuclear receptor tailless is required for neurogenesis in the adult subventricular zone
Coordinated changes in cellular behavior ensure the lifelong maintenance of the hippocampal stem cell population
Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia
Neuroinflammatory astrocyte subtypes in the mouse brain
Acute inflammation initiates the regenerative response in the adult zebrafish brain
Interferon-γ promotes neuronal repair by transplanted neural stem cells in ischemic rats
A genomic sequencing protocol that yields a positive display of 5-methylcytosine residues in individual DNA strands
DNA methylation changes during long-term in vitro cell culture are caused by epigenetic drift
High levels of de novo methylation and altered chromatin structure at CpG islands in cell lines
Multi-omics profiling of mouse gastrulation at single-cell resolution
Active DNA demethylation at enhancers during the vertebrate phylotypic period
DNMT3A and TET1 cooperate to regulate promoter epigenetic landscapes in mouse embryonic stem cells
Epigenomic analysis of multilineage differentiation of human embryonic stem cells
Quantitative mapping of transcriptome and proteome dynamics during polarization of human iPSC-derived neurons
Directed differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells generates active motor neurons
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Simple combinations of lineage-determining transcription factors prime cis-regulatory elements required for macrophage and B cell identities
GREAT improves functional interpretation of cis-regulatory regions
Functional role of type I and type II interferons in antiviral defense
Immune response in mice that lack the interferon-γ receptor
Essential role for de novo DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a in paternal and maternal imprinting
DLL1-mediated Notch activation regulates endothelial identity in mouse fetal arteries
A sensitive and bright single-cell resolution live imaging reporter of Wnt/ss-catenin signaling in the mouse
Cellpose: a generalist algorithm for cellular segmentation
zUMIs - A fast and flexible pipeline to process RNA sequencing data with UMIs
Bismark: a flexible aligner and methylation caller for Bisulfite-Seq applications
APPRIS: annotation of principal and alternative splice isoforms
New developments on the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) data portal
GimmeMotifs: a de novo motif prediction pipeline for ChIP-sequencing experiments
JASPAR 2022: the 9th release of the open-access database of transcription factor binding profiles
Integrated analysis of multimodal single-cell data
Normalization and variance stabilization of single-cell RNA-seq data using regularized negative binomial regression
From Louvain to Leiden: guaranteeing well-connected communities
Slingshot: cell lineage and pseudotime inference for single-cell transcriptomics
BEDTools: a flexible suite of utilities for comparing genomic features
ChIPseeker: an R/Bioconductor package for ChIP peak annotation
Expanded encyclopaedias of DNA elements in the human and mouse genomes
Software for computing and annotating genomic ranges
Complex heatmaps reveal patterns and correlations in multidimensional genomic data
Identification of programmed cell death in situ via specific labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation
Download references
This work was supported by the ERC (ERC-CoG 771376)
the Klaus Tschira Foundation (grant 00.022.2019)
Open access funding provided by Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)
These authors contributed equally: Lukas P
developed the computational tool for analysis of single-cell methylation data and conducted computational analysis
designed and analysed experiments and interpreted results
developed the experimental protocol and established the high-throughput scNMT-seq protocol
contributed to the development of the experimental protocols and performed experiments
contributed to the development of the experimental protocols
designed and supervised computational analysis
The authors declare no competing interests
Nature thanks the anonymous reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
Gene expression of key marker genes and transcription factors along pseudotime
Correlation of promoter methylation (left) and promoter accessibility (right) with gene expression across cells
Negative correlations (blue) indicate a repressive effect of methylation/accessibility; positive correlations (orange) indicate activation
n: number of nominally significant correlations (Pearson’s two-sided correlation test) after Benjamini-Hochberg adjustment; y axis: unadjusted p-values
Chromatin accessibility of naive wild-type cells
Average promoter (TSS ± 1 kb) accessibility of genes up- or downregulated in the NSC lineage
To minimize the impact of outliers on the color scale
the 1% (methylation) or 5% (accessibility) highest and lowest values are clipped
Mean chromatin accessibility of astrocyte LMRs and NSC LMRs
as well as the difference between these two means (bottom
Bottom right: Quantification of TUNEL+ cells in the vSVZ and striatum of n = 5 mice depicted with 5 shapes (solid shapes: ischemic mice; outlined triangle: naive control; outlined square: sham-operated control; one-sided paired t test)
FACS Strategy for sorting GLAST + cells from the vSVZ (b) and striatum (c)
Striatal GLAST + cells correspond to astrocytes
while vSVZ GLAST + cells correspond to NSCs / vSVZ astrocytes
Dead cells and CD45/O4/Ter119 positive cells were excluded
The YFP intensity of GLAST + cells was captured by index sorting
Dot plots show the fraction of YFP+ cells from the GLAST + population
followed by the filter used to measure the signal
FACS quantification of cells of the naive and post-ischemic vSVZ and striatum (n = 3 individual mice per condition)
Shown is the percentage of YFP+ (TLX reporter) cells among astrocytes and NSC lineage cells after TAM injection
Neurosphere assay of cells isolated from the naive and post-ischemic vSVZ and striatum (n = 3 individual mice)
Immunofluorescence staining of DCX in the naive and post-ischemic vSVZ and striatum of TiCY mice
showing absence of YFP+DCX+ cells in the striatum
Arrows: YFP+DCX+ neuroblasts in the vSVZ; arrowheads: YFP-DCX+ neuroblasts in the striatum
Quantification of DCX+ cells in the striata of n = 6 individual mice (points)
a-b, Average methylation of astrocyte LMRs (a), and NSC LMRs (b) from Fig. 3. The methylome score introduced in Fig. 4b is the difference between these two averages
a-c, Mean log-normalized expression of reactive astrocyte marker genes from46
These markers include putative pan reactive marker genes (a) and markers observed in two astrocyte subtypes (b: A1 reactive astrocytes
Heatmap of reactive astrocyte marker gene expression in the naive and post-ischemic striatum
a, Mean log-normalized expression of genes consistently induced by LPS-injection (from47)
Heatmap of LPS-induced genes that were only observed in one of 10 astrocyte sub-types (top) or the consistent genes from a (bottom)
Source Data
Quality metrics and other metadata of 2584 cells
isolated from a total of 15 biological replicates
Detailed information on all sequencing experiments
treatments and the total number of biological replicates
List of marker genes used for the heat maps shown in Extended Data Fig
List of astrocyte LMRs and NSC LMRs and their nearest genes
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Sophia is your community news reporter covering the North Coast of San Luis Obispo County
New businesses are moving into a building along Second Street in Los Osos
“We have a vision that every single space will give something back to the community in some sort of way
We want businesses that are open and thriving and allow people to come inside and interact somehow,” Alecia Teague said
Teague moved to Los Osos after graduate school but left with her family in 2011
Teague and her husband purchased the five-unit building on 2nd Street in November
It’s located about a block away from High Street Deli and Nautical Bean near the bay
“I just knew that Los Osos was the perfect place
It’s such an artsy community,” Teague said
“We started getting people coming up from Santa Maria and coming from Cambria
Everybody kept asking us to open another one down south and in the bay,” she said
Located in the newly-purchased shopping center
the couple opened their third Central Coast location at the end of February
“Our big word with The Pottery is community
so we love the idea of a communal space where people come together,” Teague said
The Yoga Lab is set to open in one of the other four spaces by the end of the month
Teague says discussions involving a local business taking over the corner spot are top secret
“It’s really going to be so cool for the community
I can’t wait until we finalize everything and everyone can find out about it,” Teague said
“Over here we have a unit that is about half the size of The Pottery and this one is for lease
and we’re looking for the perfect business to go in there,” Teague said
Susan Hedgecock comes to this part of town around five times a week
the Merrimaker so we’re really active here,” she said
Hedgecock says she is hoping to see more activity in the area
“Change is happening and these are some businesses that I think can really bring in the community,” she said
Cover Page
Legal HistorySports
SearchNPP says ex-Villalba mayor did not pay utilitiesThe San Juan Daily StarDec 24
20242 min readFormer Villalba mayor and current senator-elect Luis Javier Hernández OrtizBy The Star Staff
New Progressive Party (NPP) Secretary General Hiram Torres Montalvo criticized former Villalba Mayor Luis Javier Hernández Ortiz on Sunday for leaving the municipality with over $251,000 in debt to LUMA Energy and $3.4 million to the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (PRASA)
Torres Montalvo said the incoming mayor’s transition committee would evaluate potential investigations into Hernández’s administration
Interim Mayor and Administrator Marena Navarro responded to the allegations
noting that the debts to both utility companies had accumulated over several years
with established and up-to-date payment plans in place
She also noted that some items are being challenged by the municipality
Navarro expressed disappointment in the incoming administration’s distortion of public information and half-truths
assuring that each incorrect allegation would be addressed promptly
She emphasized her commitment to transparency and responsibility
A payment of $400,000 has already been allocated to PRASA from the Special Additional Contribution to address the outstanding debt
Navarro said it was “regrettable” that the incoming transition team has chosen “to confuse citizens.”
“The reality is duly documented in the final transition report that we already delivered to the incoming party,” she said
Danny Santiago Nuñez of the New Progressive Party won election as Villalba’s next mayor
Wilfredo Santos Colón of the Popular Democratic Party
was elected to an at-large seat in the island Senate in November
He had also until recently served as the president of the Puerto Rico Mayor’s Association
which groups the island’s Popular Democratic Party mayors
© 2025 The San Juan Daily Star - Puerto Rico
Verizon reported that the issue had been resolved and customers should be experiencing normal service levels once again.___
ORIGINAL STORY - Some people in Los Osos say they've been experiencing cell reception issues over the past week and haven't been able to get any answers from their cell phone companies
“Calling people and getting broken up sound
like underwater sound,” described Vid Englert
Englert says he has been experiencing issues for the past week
he says he’s reached out about a dozen times for help since the issues began
“They all said we don’t see anything wrong with the system
and this has been for a week,” Englert said
He says he even checked to make sure it wasn’t his actual phone that was the issue
driving down to Santa Maria to a specialty phone store
“They ran tests for a while and they said nothing is wrong with my phone,” Englert said
KSBY News reporter Sophia Villalba reached out to Charter
and was told they’ve had no reports of service problems in the Los Osos area
“We have no evidence of widespread outages impacting cell service
If any individual customers need assistance
they are welcome to reach out to me directly,” said Danielle Dunn
Other people in the Los Osos area report having similar issues but with a different carrier
“Really difficult due to the fact of dropped calls
or off and on connection,” said Paula Harrill
“I went into the local Verizon store here in Los Osos yesterday
There were four people in there and everybody’s question was
'what’s going on with Verizon?'” said Teri Capo
Harrill says the dropped calls and bad reception are more than an inconvenience
“My mom is 85 and coming here and it’s important we have connection,” Harrill said
“When most people don’t have landlines anymore and are dependent on their cell phones
Karen Neff says she started experiencing issues over the weekend
“We understand that a third-party vendor hardware issue is impacting service for some customers in the San Luis Obispo area
Our engineers have been engaged and we have seen some restoration but we continue to work with our vendor to quickly restore service for our customers.”
It’s not known when service will be restored
In loving memory of Celia Villalba Velasquez
who was called to her heavenly home on the 17th of August at the venerable age of 84
Celia was a beacon of familial warmth and a devout pillar of her community
the fifth of twelve children born to Manuel Guadalupe Villalba and Antonina Carrasco Villalba
was reared in a household rich with love and guided by faith
She carried these values throughout her life
Her professional journey was marked by her tireless work in local businesses
As a dedicated servant of Our Lady of Guadalupe Parish St Agnes
She served with honor as Treasurer of the St Agnes Guadalupanas
Celia’s kindness extended to the comfort she provided through food
whether it was for those mourning a loss or during the solemnity of Lent
Celia’s correspondence overflowed with affection and encouragement
Her keen memory was a living archive of family lore
cherished by all who were regaled with her tales
The annual sojourn to Garner State Park was a testament to Celia’s love for tradition
a practice she maintained faithfully for half a century
Her absence will be deeply felt this autumn
as family and friends gather without her physical presence for the first time
Though she did not meet her greatgranddaughters
they will grow up knowing her legacy of love
Celia’s life will be commemorated in a private ceremony
The Eternity Funeral Home in Fort Stockton
has the honor of arranging her final affairs
the Basilica of Our Lady San Juan Del Valle
or Our Lady of Guadalupe Parish in Fort Stockton
Read Fort Stockton Pioneer
SearchSenate gathers in Villalba to receive input from mayors of Guayama district The San Juan Daily StarMar 273 min readInadequate maintenance of state roads is a key shared concern
Villalba Mayor Dan Santiago on his first day in office declared a State of Fiscal Emergency through a municipal ordinance and created a finance committee to identify areas for debt restructuring.By The Star Staff
meeting in a Special Committee of the Whole in the municipality of Villalba on Wednesday
concerns and recommendations of the mayors of the Guayama Senate District to outline their efforts to result in legislation for the benefit of their constituents
“Our commitment is to guarantee broad access to the discussion of the issues that most affect Puerto Rico,” Senate President Thomas Rivera Schatz said
“This work is not limited to the analysis of problems
but rather translates into concrete actions
senators gain direct knowledge of the complaints and needs of communities
thus facilitating the necessary legislation to address them.”
Villalba Mayor Dan Santiago expressed his concern regarding the budget crisis in the island’s municipalities
Santiago declared a State of Fiscal Emergency through a municipal ordinance and created a finance committee to identify areas for debt restructuring
“Among the most notable debts are over $2.5 million owed to the Aqueduct and Sewer Authority
“More than $1 million is owed to the CRIM [Municipal Revenue Collections Center]
$600,000 to the General Services Administration for gasoline
anticipated one of the biggest challenges for the District of Guayama: the compromised state of the roads and the financial deficit to cover the municipalities’ operating expenses
faces significant challenges due to the economic burdens imposed by Law 27-1993 and the “Pay as You Go” model,” he said
“We need tax reform that will ease our burden and guarantee greater investment capacity in essential projects for the well-being of our citizens.”
the municipal budget of Cidra for the 2024-2025 fiscal year amounts to some $15,164,588; of which $10,968,903 is allocated exclusively to payroll
the public debt for the fiscal year will reach $1,501,428
Guayama Mayor O’Brain Vázquez Molina echoed the words of his counterpart in Cidra as he considers the repair of state highways in his municipality to be urgent
“The significant deterioration of these roads affects not only citizen mobility
but also the local economy and access to essential services,” he said
channeling the Guamaní River is an imperative for the safety of the population
preventing recurring floods that cause material and human losses.”
Another project Vázquez Molina mentioned for his municipality was the acquisition of the former Santa Rosa Hospital for the creation of an Integrated Health and Safety Center
The initiative would seek to optimize service delivery by improving coordination between the municipal health and safety departments
He added that the construction of a Combat Sports Center is important for promoting sports development
Orocovis Mayor Jesús Colón Berlingieri concurred that maintaining the region’s main roads is essential for economic development
“Highway PR-155 represents the main access to our municipality
used not only by our residents but also by a large number of domestic and international tourists who visit us thanks to our great culinary diversity and the Toro Verde Recreational Park,” he said
Colón Berlingieri requested an investigation into the expansion of Highway PR-155 from its starting point at the intersection with PR-137 in Morovis to the jurisdiction of Orocovis
and that the Department of Transportation and Public Works be asked to establish greater safety measures
He also requested information on the status of improvements to state highways in his municipality that were damaged by atmospheric events
The Orocovis mayor also noted the importance of improving the Toro Negro Forest Recreation Area
which suffered hurricane damage and has not received Federal Emergency Management Agency support through the island Department of Natural and Environmental Resources
Santa Isabel Mayor Meldwin Rivera Rodríguez recommended an increase in the contribution through Law 53-2021 to mitigate the impact of the equity fund
SearchOutgoing mayor of Villalba leaves $6.3 million deficitThe San Juan Daily StarDec 10
The outgoing mayor of Villalba and at-large senator-elect
said Monday that he will leave an accumulated deficit of $6.3 million at the end of his administration
That is despite efforts to reduce the $13 million deficit he inherited upon his election in 2012
“The elimination of the Equalization Fund by the Fiscal Oversight Board [sic] represented a loss of $6.3 million annually
equivalent to 53 percent of the current municipal budget,” Hernández Ortiz said in a message posted on his social networks
The mayor noted that during his administration he managed to reduce the deficit by more than 50% and achieve operational surpluses in several fiscal years
including one of $2.5 million at the end of fiscal year 2023
the accumulated deficit remains at $6.3 million
according to the most recent financial draft
“We ended operations with a surplus of $2,550,399
which allows us to reduce the inherited deficit to $2.6 million,” said Hernández Ortiz
who attributed the reduction to rigorous administrative measures and a reorganization of municipal operations
Hernandez Ortiz said the municipality has completed nearly 60 percent of the projects approved by the Federal Emergency Management Agency
and has left $40 million on track for future works
“We left an administration with solid foundations and a significantly smaller deficit than the one we inherited,” he said
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Volume 7 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.1083773
University dropout is currently one of the main challenges faced by government bodies and state and regional universities
Both personal and institutional reasons can be identified as root causes of university dropout
students accumulate experiences of academic failure that lead them to reflect on the possibility of continuing their studies
failure can be attributed to educational deficits
and quality parameters of the university institution itself
Even though more and more universities have educational policies aimed at reducing dropout rates
which shows that this is a complex problem due to the number of variables involved
The main objective of this study is to analyze the factors that influence university dropout among Andalusian students
The methodology is qualitative through a focus group with the participation of 12 students who dropped out of their academic studies in education science degrees at the University of Malaga (Spain)
The study population corresponds to students who formalized their enrollment in the first year of the degree in the 2021/22 academic year
The content analysis followed a deductive category development model
The results reveal that the factors that explain the educational abandonment of the students
are identification with studies that did not meet their initial expectations
and the economic difficulties in covering the costs derived from university education
The main conclusion include the importance of designing educational policies in line with the reality and needs of the students
the use of innovative methodologies that increase the degree of motivation of the students
as well as studying dropouts from a holistic perspective
considering the multiple variables that influence its origin
are among some of the causes of university dropout
This would be the central focus of this study
together with the need to develop preventive measures to guarantee continuance at university
given that the research carried out has focused more on analyzing the variables involved in university dropout
but not so much on how to prevent university dropout and encourage continuance
All these situations can lead to both dissatisfaction and demotivation of students
also associating psychological and institutional factors with university dropout
this study aims to analyze the factors that intervene both in university dropout and staying at the university
based on the experiences of students at the University of Malaga
The following specific objectives are derived from this general objective: to identify how the choice of a university degree and its course influences possible university dropout; to investigate the personal
and/or economic causes that led to university dropout; to find out about the different post-dropout trajectories from a personal
and/or employment perspective of the students; and to propose good pedagogical practices that contribute to university permanence
Distribution of students participating in this study
the participants were encouraged to express their opinions freely
with the participation of a moderator who was responsible for directing and redirecting the debate toward the issues addressed in this study
we considered the information collected on the virtual campuses of some of the subjects of the aforementioned degrees
where we identified cases of students whose enrollment had been discontinued
considering their possible interest in participating in this research
The letter explained the main objectives of the research
and the possibility of adapting to the personal needs of the students who were to participate
Throughout the whole process of data collection
different ethical codes were established to ensure the confidentiality and wellbeing of the people involved
The data collection took place in the last term of the 2021/22 academic year
The focus group lasted approximately 1–1.5 h
and prior authorization was requested to proceed with the recording
Considering the complexity associated with the phenomenon of university dropout and the multiple factors associated with it, it was considered appropriate to adapt this study to Torrado’s (2012) telephone interview
which made it possible to inquire about issues related to the current situation of each student
as well as their academic and employment trajectory after dropping out
The questions addressed in the focus group were the following:
• What studies gave you access to a university degree
• Which degree did you choose to start your university education
• What were the reasons that led you to choose that degree
• How did you approach the study of different subjects while you were a university student
• How did you deal with any questions or doubts that arose during your studies
how do you evaluate your university experience
and/or financial reasons did you drop out of university
have you considered continuing your studies
• What suggestions would you give to colleagues who want to start university studies
• What suggestions would you give to those in charge of universities so that students do not become demotivated and attend classes regularly
The category “previous academic status university studies” focuses on the analysis of the student’s situation before university entrance
This category includes three subcategories
aimed at finding out which were the studies that allowed them to access the university (”access studies”)
the university degree selected (”degree choice”)
and the motivations that led to this choice (”motivations in the choice”)
The category “academic situation during university studies” refers to the experiences of university students regarding their level of adaptation to the educational process
subcategories are distinguished: “class attendance” in terms of regular class attendance; “university experience,” which is related to the ways of planning
and the procedures used in resolving doubts; “decision to drop out” refers to the overall assessment of the university experience that leads them to consider dropping out of university studies
The category “causes of dropout” refers to the various reasons that lead students to drop out of university studies
This category includes six specific subcategories: “personal factors” and “family factors,” which refer
to the students’ reasons for dropping out of university studies and
to the students’ socio-family contexts as determining factors for dropping out of university studies
such as “work factors,” such as students working in a professional job
which prevents them from combining work and studies; “economic factors,” relating to the lack of resources to be able to cover the costs of university education; “curricular and organizational factors,” which relate to the didactic and teaching planning variables that are part of each subject and that may trigger possible drop-out decisions
while the subcategory “identification with studies” allows us to understand the extent to which students identify with their studies and their professional projection
The category “post-dropout trajectory” analyzes the future projections of students once they have initially left their studies
This category includes the subcategory “combination study-work,” to find out to what extent the student has favorable conditions to reconcile academic and working life
and the subcategory “university re-entry,” referring to decisions to return to university classrooms
The category “suggestions for university permanence” includes the different recommendations offered both to other students who are about to start higher education and to those responsible for university studies
to examine possible measures to help ensure that students stay on at the university
the most significant contributions of the participants have been analyzed by the categorization process and the objectives of this study
The participants’ discourses were anonymized and coded to ensure confidentiality
The codes used to identify the participating students correspond to a Degree in Social Education (DSE)
a Degree in Early Childhood Education (DECE)
the gender of each of the participants has been included
From the content analysis carried out with the Atlas. ti. (2022) application a semantic network has been obtained for the macrocategory “university permanence,” in which the rest of the categories are related to the academic situation before and during university studies, the main reasons that led to dropping out, the post-dropout trajectory, and suggestions or guidelines to ensure university continuance (Figure 1)
Semantic network of the macrocategory “university permanence”
The macrocategory “university permanence” is interconnected with the code curricular and organizational factors
being a central element from which other key subcategories converge
such as the decision to drop out due to personal
Another subcategory associated with “staying at university” is the choice of degree
which is identified with access to studies and motivation in the choice of these studies
together with suggestions from the university and peers
influences the decision to drop out and university re-entry
class attendance and university experience
In the category “previous academic status university studies,” three subcategories are presented that collect information on access studies (AS)
The participating students entered university either through Baccalaureate or through Higher Level Training Cycles
Among the reasons that led them to choose the degree
the students of DSE highlighted that it is a very necessary profession
with multiple areas and spaces for intervention
and that it can help in social transformation
one aspect to highlight from these students is that their choice of degree was conditioned by their personal experiences
which meant that they wanted to give an opportunity to people who find themselves in situations similar to those they had experienced
as well as a way of identifying and constructing their identity
the truth is that I have always wanted to be an educator
It wasn’t so much to get a degree as to acquire the professional skills that would allow me to undertake work in different workplaces to contribute to change and improve things
There are a variety of opinions about the students of the Degree in Early Childhood Education and Primary Education
to have a university degree and have greater possibilities to access the labor market
derived from a close relative who was a teacher
and who instilled in them an interest in teaching and preparing children at an early age for their future life
Another relevant aspect was the desire to become a teacher to have a compatible timetable and to be able to reconcile work and family
it was a bit of a “study for the sake of studying.” I wanted to have a degree
thinking that all this would give me more opportunities and facilities to access the labor market in more stable and serious conditions than without having a degree
In the case of the students of the Degree in Pedagogy
the choice of this degree was conditioned by the access grade
which did not allow them to access the Degree in Early Childhood Education
so they had the idea of finishing the first year and then trying to re-enroll in the desired degree course
Another emerging issue related to the choice of this degree was the possibility it offers to prepare for competitive examinations in educational guidance
allows them to have direct contact with students of different ages
to provide them with personalized educational attention
noteworthy in the arguments of these students is the continuous demotivation during the first year of the degree
as they dealt with very general aspects of the profession that hardly allowed them to have direct contact with the practical reality of pedagogical professionals
in addition to the bewilderment about the specific functions of these professionals in educational centers
It was the degree course I managed to get into and the one that was closest to the one I really wanted to study
which was the degree in Early Childhood Education
But I was left out because I didn’t have enough marks
My initial idea was to do the first year and then reapply for the one I really wanted
From the category “academic situation during university studies,” three subcategories are extracted
“class attendance (CA),” “university experience (UE)”
and “decision to drop out” (DDO)
The participating students from the different degree programs stated that they used to attend classes regularly at the beginning
it was very hard for them to stop having contact with their classmates in person and the virtual classes were very boring and monotonous
They had to be online for long hours and the teaching methodologies were lecture-based
as many of the participating students were from rural areas with poor connectivity
so they were unable to access the content and began to lose interest in the subjects
they were overloaded with work and theoretical activities
which made it impossible for them to apply the content to real situations
With regard to how they planned their studies
the participants generally stated that during classes they took notes
and even expanded the information with documents available on the virtual campuses
but as their doubts were not fully clarified
they relied on other classmates through social networks
Other students (Degree in Primary Education)
referred to the fact that they wrote messages by e-mail to the teacher
but did not receive a reply and took advantage of the last minutes of the class to ask questions
they recognized that they were losing motivation
and they no longer followed up on the subject or asked questions
but instead requested the notes of the subject from other classmates with the intention of studying before the exam and having the possibility of passing
the students from different degree programs agreed that
motivation is an element that plays an essential role in the rethinking of abandoning a university degree
I started with enthusiasm and attended classes regularly
I became disillusioned with the degree and turned off
and I didn’t see the application to the practical field
I downloaded all the documents and presentations from the Virtual Campus
and I even bought a book or two recommended by some professors
The arguments offered by the participants in this research suggest that the main reasons that led them to abandon their university studies include personal
the students of the Degree in Education alluded to the fact that they did not identify with their chosen degree and that it did not meet their initial expectations
all of which led to an identity crisis that led them to reconsider whether to continue studying or to opt for work
Some of the students (Degree in Social Education) stated that during the first year
they suffered a personal and identity crisis as they had conflicts with their parents or partners
they highlighted looking for a job or taking competitive examinations to have a certain degree of professional stability in the short term rather than pursuing a university degree
Semantic network with empirical evidence for the category “causes of drop-out”
I guess seeing myself working made me realize that the priority for my family at that time was to have several salaries
and I was a bit “forced” to work full time instead of continuing to attend school
many students (Degree in Primary Education
and Degree in Social Education) stressed the need to carry out a professional activity to contribute to the improvement of the family economy
as in many cases the students lived with their parents and siblings
which required them to contribute some extra income to maintain the expenses derived from university education
A student with a Primary Education Degree said that they not only had to pay the registration fees but also other expenses related to transport
as they did not have a scholarship for their studies
Personal because I did not feel satisfied or identified with my studies
Economic because at home the income dropped
and it was necessary to think about working and even finding something stable that would help the economy at home to improve
they insisted that I should finish my degree quietly and told me that there was always time to work
surrounded by children (which I liked) because I got a job as a school monitor
and I began to think that in the future I could get something better in the education sector
The pressure got the better of me and I decided to keep working
with regard to the university course itself
the students agreed that there was a lack of motivation in specific subjects due to the excessively lecture-based teaching methodologies
which obliged them to be attentive in class to take notes
but did not give room for participation in the debate of ideas or discussions
as well as the inflexible attitudes of certain lecturers in offering alternatives that would allow them to combine study and work without having to give up their university education
The classes were boring and the lack of flexibility of the teachers helped me to quit
The category “post-dropout trajectory” includes two specific subcategories: “combination study-work” (CSW) and “university re-entry” (UR)
The students of the Pedagogy and Social Education Degree stated that they were aware that having a university degree could help them to get a job with greater professional projection and stability
They also stated that they had classmates who
told them that it was very difficult to work as a pedagogue in an educational center or as a social educator because there were many unemployed professionals and because of labor intrusion
They also commented that it was not only for this reason but also because some of these students had completed a higher degree in Social Integration
which allowed them to work in educational centers as monitors and perform the functions of a social educator in this case
My cousin has studied the intermediate degree in Social Integration and is already working in a school
but her professional figure is more welfare
but also performs functions of social educator
The students in the Degree in Primary Education and Degree in Early Childhood Education emphasized that distance learning universities are a good opportunity to reconcile study with work
They also expressed the idea of returning to university studies later
considering the possibility of enrolling in individual subjects based on prior contact with the teaching staff in charge to find out about possible ways of reconciling work and study
but my intention is to resume my studies next year
I have thought about enrolling in some individual subjects
and I will first review the guides and try to find out about the requirements
to start taking the subjects that will allow me to continue working
I am considering continuing to work because I know how difficult it is nowadays to get a job
but I also think that I can have more possibilities if I have a degree
the option I am considering in the medium term is to enroll in a distance-learning university in Degree in Social Education
could give me more options and career opportunities
The category “suggestions for university permanence” includes two subcategories: “Peer suggestions” (PS) and “University suggestions” (US)
With respect to the subcategory “Peer suggestions,” the students of the Degree in Primary Education and the Degree in Pedagogy comment on the importance of planning and organizing study time each day
knowing in advance what possibilities the university offers to reconcile study and work
in the sense of being able to request to attend class part-time
consider studying at a distance-learning university
That they organize their study time well so that there is also time to enjoy time with family and friends
they should study at a non-attending university
the students of the Degree in Social Education emphasize analyzing from the outset what the professional opportunities are and what they really want to do in the future to avoid wasting unnecessary time and effort
if they have chosen the degree they wanted
they should make the most of the classes and the teaching staff and also share experiences with other classmates
I would tell them to be fully involved in the subjects
that if they have entered the desired degree
they should try to combine everything in the best way but evaluate what they really want to dedicate themselves to in the future
That they take advantage of the joy of sharing moments with their peers
Regarding the subcategory “university suggestions,” the students in general stated that teachers should give more prominence to students
leaving aside traditionalist methodologies
The participants in this study insisted on the importance of teachers teaching how to think
making classes more dynamic and rethinking the form of evaluation
and prioritizing comprehension over memorization
they commented that it was necessary to revise the curricula to adapt them to the new demands and social needs
I think it is fundamental that students are active protagonists in the classes
that the subjects are designed as “dialogues,” and that there is flexibility in the attitudes of teachers toward students who work but also want to study
I think it is very important that teachers teach to think
there should be eliminatory evaluation tests that allow us to study gradually and have a better chance of passing the subjects
Another aspect to highlight is the functionality of the contents given in the subjects so that they have practical applicability and a real professional projection
by inviting working professionals who can share their own experiences and thus provide a real vision of each workspace
They also state that it is essential to have student counseling services that explain from the first year what the professional opportunities associated with each degree are
That useful content for the performance of the profession is transmitted
and the main needs of the students are addressed
I believe that the key is that the classes are dynamic
and the teachers are approachable and accessible
This section presents the discussion of the results according to each of the categories and subcategories
maintaining a structure in accordance with the initial objectives
Most of the participants in this study argue that the reasons that first motivated them to choose a university degree were related to vocational aspects. This data is consistent with the conclusive results of other research (Tinto, 1993; Esteban et al., 2016; Bernardo et al., 2019; Castro-López et al., 2021; Cervero et al., 2021)
which emphasize the importance of having adequate counseling during schooling to reach the choice of higher studies that match personal interests and motivations
The need to obtain a degree with which to have greater possibilities to access the labor market appears as another of the essential motivations provided by the participants in this research. These findings also appear in other studies (De la Fuente et al., 2017; Sánchez-Gelabert et al., 2020)
in which it is emphasized that obtaining a degree constitutes a way to overcome the labor precariousness of employment that young people who lack a university degree must face
in which the value of family professions as a reference with which to acquire various professional skills is emphasized
in addition to a decrease in motivation and problems of identification with the studies
which leads to sporadic attendance in classes
which emphasize the value of adequate planning and access to materials of interest as key aspects in the organization of the study of the various university disciplines
in which the use of active methodologies by teachers
and the creation of spaces that encourage students to play an active role are seen as factors in the prevention of university dropout
Most of the students argue that the reasons that led them to drop out of college were personal
Among the personal reasons was the search for personal identity in the face of studies that did not correspond to initial expectations
different problems associated with an identity crisis
or dating relationships led them to begin to reconsider dropping out of university for various reasons: to have more time to resolve these situations or also to look for a job that could guarantee them financial independence
in which the need to develop a professional activity to contribute to the improvement of family income and dissatisfaction with the chosen degree in terms of the contents addressed and the methodology constitute factors located at the origin of university dropout
it is necessary to rethink certain methodologies that allow students to become actively involved in social transformation projects based on service-learning experiences
in which the advantages of studying in the distance mode in terms of mobility and flexibility
and optimization of technological resources are noted
The students have provided suggestions for young people who wish to begin their university studies
as well as for those in charge of higher education institutions
they emphasized the importance of making a good choice of studies
in terms of personal identification and professional opportunities
as well as planning and organizing study materials and time well
they highlight the importance of being properly informed of the deadlines existing in the universities for requesting recognition of part-time students in the event of possible work activity
in which the promotion of meaningful learning
the possibility of connecting theory with professional practice
and the updating of content addressed from the different disciplines constitute signs of excellence and university quality
This study provides interesting data on the factors that influence the origin of university dropouts from the experiences of students in the Faculty of Education Sciences at the University of Malaga (Spain)
It also provides a series of recommendations aimed at preventing and guaranteeing continuity at the university
Students who access their first-choice degree program are less likely to drop out of university studies because both the overall assessment of their experience and their identification with the studies themselves is positive (greater interest)
and family factors that did not exist at the beginning may converge and may condition the permanence of the student in that degree program
students who enter the degree program without having a clear professional and employment purpose are more likely to become demotivated and lose interest in the subject
since they do not feel identified with their studies or with their future employment
marked by lecturing and the inflexibility of the teaching staff
in terms of responding to the needs of the students
have a direct impact on the origin of university desertion
In coherence with the results obtained and the scope of this study
it is recognized that there are certain limitations that should be considered for future research
We have only counted on the contributions of students belonging to the Degree in Primary Education
It would be more enriching to have the participation of students from other areas of knowledge and other autonomous communities
considering the social projection of university dropout and its relevance in today’s knowledge society
it would be appropriate to have the experiences of university professors that allow them to reflect on their own professional practice and from there
to be able to identify other ways of pedagogical intervention
Considering that we have chosen to use a qualitative methodology
it would be necessary to incorporate other instruments for collecting information that would allow the triangulation of the data obtained with a quantitative methodology
a decalogue of different recommendations and suggestions that may contribute to preventing desertion and guaranteeing university permanence
which has emerged from the analysis of the different assessments and arguments provided by the students
– Reinforce educational guidance at the compulsory stage and provide continuity during the course of university studies
– Early detection of university dropouts through student satisfaction surveys at different times during the academic year
– Reinforcement of the tutorial action of the teaching staff to meet the demands of the students and respond to the main difficulties that may be detected
– Use of emerging and innovative methodologies that favor the active participation of the students
– Flexibility on the part of the university institutions for those students who wish to combine their studies with work and/or family
– Close and direct contact of the teaching staff with the group of students to create a climate conducive to dialogue
and understanding rather than memorization
– Practical applications of the theoretical contents addressed in the different subjects so that students can participate in socio-educational action projects with social transformation value
– The first week of initiation in the university degree is essential to support an accompaniment to the students
– To give greater rigor to the practicum course
where students can build meaningful learning by relating the contents previously taught in the subjects with the practical reality in which they interact
– Greater visibility of counseling services for students to make them aware of the professional possibilities associated with each degree
– Design educational policies that consider students in situations of special vulnerability
to make the principle of equal educational opportunities a reality
– Encourage the formation of university research groups to study in depth the factors involved in university dropout
from those variables that affect the student body to those related to organizational and curricular factors in higher education institutions that contribute to ensuring university retention
The original contributions presented in this study are included in the article/supplementary material
further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author
The approval of the Ethics Committee of the University of Málaga was requested before carrying out this study
This is a survey research study and therefore
and University of Málaga regulations
information will be provided to all participants
The researchers will not exert any pressure on students to participate in this study
This work will comply with international and Spanish legislation and international reference documents
Participation will be voluntary and completely anonymous
The benefits of this research will be shared with local
The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study
JF and MM: Introduction and literature review
MS-V and MA: methodology and analysis of results
and MM: discussion of results and conclusion and writing—review and editing
All authors contributed to each section of the manuscript and approved the submitted version
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
The reviewer JT declared a shared affiliation with the author MS-V to the handling editor at the time of review
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations
Any product that may be evaluated in this article
or claim that may be made by its manufacturer
is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher
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Emily Villalba graduated summa cum laude from Cal Poly Pomona with a Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science with a focus on the design and analysis of algorithms
She is now leveraging her skills and knowledge as a software engineer at Sony Pictures Entertainment
where she is fully engaged in applying cutting-edge technology to create meaningful contributions to TV Distribution
She has worked at Sony for two years and has already been promoted
Overcoming imposter syndrome and the lack of representation in STEM almost diverted Villalba’s path
She worked extremely hard to regain confidence in her programming skills that she always knew were great
she recognized that she wanted to work for a company where a close personal connection and desire for the betterment of the future were valued as much as technical skills
Villalba found this in her first job at Sony Pictures Entertainment
She is poised to have a great career and determined to empower women and people of color
Vilalba’s goal is to turn this into an industry where diversity can flourish by being a mentor and a voice for the underrepresented
paving the way for a more inclusive tech landscape
She recently represented STEM Advantage on a panel at Women in Technology: Hollywood’s SoCal Leadership Summit
where she discussed the lasting impact STEM Advantage has had on her career journey and how she is paying it forward as a role model and mentor for younger students
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KitchenerNewsCASE REVIEW: Geovanny Villalba-Aleman pleads guilty in UW triple stabbingBy Krista SimpsonPublished: December 16, 2024 at 6:01PM EST
Twitter feed ©2025 BellMedia All Rights Reserved
The man who stabbed three people in a University of Waterloo gender studies class last year expressed remorse for his crimes at the conclusion of his sentencing hearing Friday
but acknowledged that his apology may ring hollow to some.
“Even though I committed a violent attack
I still … don’t know what happened,” Geovanny Villalba-Aleman told the court
I don’t know what’s going (on) with my head
I still feel remorseful for what happened.”
The 25-year-old has pleaded guilty to two counts of aggravated assault
one count of assault with a weapon and one count of assault causing bodily harm in the June 2023 attack that left a professor and two students with stab wounds
Federal prosecutors have argued the offences amount to terrorism in this case because they were motivated by ideology and meant to intimidate the public
Provincial prosecutors argued that Villalba-Aleman was motivated by hatred toward members of the LGBTQ+ community and feminists
Villalba-Aleman said Friday that some people may not believe his apology since “the act is done,” but he asked the judge to consider his remorse.
“If there is a way to reconsider the situation because I admit that violence is not good … my intention was not to promote more violence here,” he said after Ontario Court Justice Frances Brennan offered him a chance to speak
Provincial prosecutor Armin Sethi told the court Thursday that a manifesto Villalba-Aleman wrote before the attack railed against transgender people
feminists and ideologies that he believed were resulting in censorship of his views.
Villalba-Aleman also told police that he specifically targeted a gender studies class
noting that he destroyed a Pride flag during the attack
which took place during Pride month.
But the defence argued Friday that the Crown has not proven that Villalba-Aleman was motivated by prejudice or hate toward a specific group
Lawyer Cooper Lord said his client believed that left-wing activism was becoming authoritarian and stifling freedom of speech
suggesting that Villalba-Aleman’s perceptions were rooted in delusions and “disordered thinking.”
Lord suggested that Villalba-Aleman’s more “tempered” comments to police after the attack should carry more weight than the manifesto he wrote before the crimes were committed
arguing that the short text shouldn’t be considered a manifesto at all and that there’s no way of knowing what kind of mental state Villalba-Aleman was in when he wrote those words.
Lord argued that Villalba-Aleman targeted the professor of the gender studies class — whom he called a “Marxist” before stabbing her — because she was “a stand-in” for his issues with authoritarianism and perceived limits on free speech in academia
He said Villalba-Aleman’s attack was not personal and “it’s not clear that he singled out Pride month for this attack to take place.”
A psychologist who recently assessed Villalba-Aleman told the court earlier this week that he appeared to be in a downward spiral and may have experienced a psychotic break in the weeks leading up to the attack
although there is no clinical evidence of psychosis.
The defence also said Thursday that the standard of proof for terrorist activity is high
and the federal Crown has not proven beyond a reasonable doubt that the stabbings meet that standard because Villalba-Aleman did not attach himself to any specific ideology
The federal Crown argued on Friday that Villalba-Aleman’s personal beliefs can still be considered as a motivating factor in deciding whether terrorism applies in this case
the judge said she had concerns about a broad definition of ideology being applied to terrorism arguments.
an international student who came to Canada from Ecuador in 2018
Court has heard that he will eventually be subject to a deportation order
The federal Crown has called for a sentence of 16 years if the judge agrees that the offences amount to terrorist activity
while provincial prosecutors have asked for a 13-year sentence if the judge rejects the terrorism argument but does find the crimes were hate-motivated.
The defence argued Friday that a sentence of eight years
minus credit for time already spent in custody
is more appropriate if the judge accepts the terrorism argument
the defence is seeking a sentence in the five- to six-year range
and even less time behind bars if the judge also finds the offences were not hate-motivated
The judge is set to deliver the sentence in January.
WASHINGTON — Prime Minister Mark Carney will have to navigate a delicate balance during his first in-person meeting with Donald Trump today
A planned peaceful vacation has spiralled into a prolonged two-month ordeal for Ontario man David Bennett
who remains stranded in the Dominican Republic despite having all criminal charges against him..
A Canadian man arrested on vacation has been proven innocent
Melissa Nakhavoly with why he is still being held in the Dominican Republic
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11 months agoDuration 3:20Geovanny Villalba-Aleman abruptly confesses to stabbings after pretending to be a victim11 months agoNewsDuration 3:20WARNING: This video contains graphic content. Evidence presented in court includes footage from a body camera worn by an officer for the Waterloo Regional Police Service. This video shows the immediate aftermath of the stabbings at the University of Waterloo in June 2023. Geovanny Villalba-Aleman eventually confesses to the officer questioning him.
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KitchenerNewsUniversity of Waterloo stabber will spend another seven years behind bars, cleared on terrorism chargeBy Jennifer K. BakerPublished: March 17, 2025 at 11:42AM EDT
KitchenerNews'Ideology' remains significant factor in Villalba-Aleman terrorism chargeBy Jeff PickelPublished: October 28, 2024 at 10:44AM EDT
‘Three Landscape Essays’ is a pilot project that tests strategies to mitigate the effects of the climate crisis in Southern Europe’s public spaces
They are on display in the main courtyard of the Conde Duque Center for Contemporary Culture in Madrid
Despite its potential as a meeting place for various users and neighbors
the monumental esplanade presents problems of thermal comfort: high temperatures caused by impermeable surfaces
with a lack of spots in which to stop and rest
and no spaces for children to play and teens to get together in
Now breaking up this huge square into smaller spaces are three islands or floating gardens
equipped with wheels to make them easy to move
Each presents a specific ecosystem referring to a particular strategy of resilience to different climate conditions
Remote Island has a double tiered-seating area for events and a large neon sign powered by solar energy
Beneath the seating emerges a landscape with species imported from different latitudes and cultures
similar only in their resilience to our climate and producing flowers and fruits to attract insects and birds
Endemic Island harbors a small experimental theater with a small tiered-seating area and a perimeter curtain
and grows species endemic to dry Iberian landscapes
defined by a rough and dark material constitution of volcanic landscapes
Pyrophytic Island shows a gentle slope to be used interchangeably as a stage
Throughout its surface are masses of pyrophytic species
spontaneously combust under extreme conditions
This island is a space designed for children to explore
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