the dynamic duo recently fought their way to the Top 3 in T-Pain’s March Music Madness competition
securing a game-changing win that will propel his career to new heights
Asaka has returned from Atlanta and is back in Detroit
He is still riding the high of winning the competition and says he feels comfortable at this moment after working so hard
and you feel like you worked hard for it,” Asaka said.
“It’s one of those feelings; I really do genuinely feel like the amount of work that I’ve put in
I also feel like things happen the way that God ordained them too
after winning T-Pain’s March Music Madness
The brainchild of Grammy-winning artist T-Pain
March Music Madness was no ordinary contest
and entrepreneur personally funded the entire project
offering an unprecedented prize package: a single deal with Nappy Boy Entertainment
extensive marketing and promotional support
This was more than just a contest for independent artists; it was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity
With thousands of submissions pouring in from across the country
Asaka The Renegade and Sam Watson faced stiff competition
Their music is a blend of Detroit’s signature sound infused with their unique artistry
and it quickly caught the attention of fans and judges alike
They delivered electrifying performances round after round
earning their place among the final three contenders
a shocking twist threatened to shake its integrity
An investigation revealed that one of the contestants had resorted to underhanded tactics in an effort to manipulate the outcome
What made the scandal even more egregious was the revelation that this individual had specifically targeted Asaka
attempting to block him from advancing to the final round
He doubled down on his craft with unwavering determination
proving that authenticity and talent would always outweigh deception
fueling an outpouring of support that propelled him to the final showdown
T-Pain himself took to the stage to announce the winner
it was Asaka The Renegade who emerged victorious
The announcement sent shockwaves through the music world and social media
solidifying Asaka’s status as a rising star to watch
his longtime collaborator and fellow CM2 Entertainment artist
knowing this victory was also a win for the city and the team that has supported them both from day one
“We’ve been through hell and rain with each other
all the losses we’ve endured over the years and to make it into this competition together as brothers and just really shining a light on Detroit
better yet Michigan period was just a blessing in disguise
This is something that we’ve been working hard for,” Sam said.
Sam is no stranger to hard work and dedication as he made it to the top three in the competition
the challenge that I had to overcome because it’s hard to steer away from an original song that you know and write a brand new song over it; that was the tough part,” Sam said.
Asaka reflects on going through a rough patch in my life
but Sam never treated him any differently and supported him every step of the way
Including in this competition emphasized that even though they were competing against each other simultaneously
it was a win for both if either of them won
“Sam actually taught me how to record myself and how to sing,” Asaka said
“He helped me get my vocals together and taught me how to mix
I spent a good part of the trip telling him
‘I wouldn’t be here if it wasn’t for you.’ Even outside of that
just him being a brother to me this whole time.”
With a Nappy Boy Entertainment single deal
Asaka The Renegade is now positioned for the biggest chapter of his career
But if his journey in March Music Madness proved anything
it’s that he is built for the challenge
As Detroit continues to produce some of the industry’s most groundbreaking artists
Asaka and Sam Watson’s success serves as a testament to the city’s enduring influence
I’m more excited than anything to work with T-Pain
I’ve been listening to T-Pain since he came out
He’s been in my top three artists of all time forever
So that’s the next step,” Asaka said.
is an experienced journalist with investigative reporting
She covers various topics related to the Black community
from human interest stories to racial injustices to community happenings
Amber is currently a staff writer and can be reached via email at aogden@michronicle.com
Tags: Detroit artist, Detroit Rap, record deal, t pain
Asaka Park had a deep passion for writing and journalism
writing frequently about her disability and her life (Photo courtesy of Edward Park)
Every time we walked into the AIMM journalism room
we were greeted with a friendly face and lively conversation from Asaka Watanabe Park
Park was an extraordinarily kind person and a gift to the journalism department at the College
We are heartbroken that Asaka died of natural causes while at her home in Cresskill
“Asaka was kind and compassionate to everyone,” said Kathleen Webber
journalism program coordinator and advisor to The Signal
“She attended every event and class with an open mind and a smile on her face
always grateful for the opportunity to learn and be with our community
She taught us kindness and understanding and she will be forever missed by her friends and professors in journalism and communication.”
“Asaka always worried that she wasn’t doing enough,” said Kim Pearson
“What she did with the short time she had [was] nothing short of amazing
dean of the School of the Arts and Communication
said she is “heartbroken” by the loss of Park
She described Park as “an engaged student who made the most of college.”
we were together for a visiting speaker and afterwards Asaka wrote to me and Professors Webber and Pearson,” Barnett said
“She thanked us for the event and also said how wonderful and supportive the JPW program was [and] that she would miss us when she graduated.”
Park’s hard work and dedication to storytelling were recognized by many
a former professor of journalism and Signal advisor
She detailed her experience having Park in her classes and underscored her enthusiasm for the craft of writing
“Asaka loved writing and was willing to put in the hard work it takes to get good at it,” Lounsberry said
“She had a kind of thirst for knowledge that we love to see in our students.”
Park recently worked as an intern for The Journalism Salute, a podcast created by Mark Simon ‘97 that highlights journalists and their careers. In her role, Park wrote essays about interviews and provided her own unique perspective for the podcast’s newsletter
“Asaka had a distinct journalism voice,” Simon said
“She was passionate and courageous and a strong supporter for college students and for people with disabilities
She approached her writing for my newsletter with a high degree of enthusiasm and a strong desire to improve as a writer
I am saddened by her loss but grateful for having had the opportunity to know her and be touched by her writing.”
we were greeted with a friendly face and lively conversation from Asaka Park
This photo is from a January 2024 reunion with alumni of The Signal (Photo courtesy of Kathleen Webber)
Gabriel Salazar ‘18 served as a podcasting mentor to Park
and he also noted her dedication to the causes that drove her
I immediately felt her passion in telling her story of being a person with autism,” Salazar said
“What I really came to admire about Asaka in my short time of knowing her was how she wrote and spoke about her lived experiences with so much candor
I know her writing and her work advocating for people with autism and disabilities will help others who have similar experiences feel seen and heard.”
a senior journalism major and correspondent for The Signal
said her friendship with Park expanded beyond the classroom
“I met Asaka in my freshman year of college because we were both in Her Campus together,” Rittman said
“We became even closer friends when we took Media Ethics and Magazine Journalism together
I had always looked up to her due to her writing skills
She even inspired me to make a Substack account myself
Park also became close with those she met outside of journalism
during a Chinese Student Association trip to Chinatown two years ago
where they bonded over learning about Chinese culture
“She would tell me that she wasn't sure she would make it as a journalist
so I'm really glad that I hopefully was a part of encouraging her to keep going,” Barone said
“She wanted to be a writer for well-known journals one day
and it always inspired me how much work she put into her writing and kept pushing forward to graduate.”
Park was also involved in Breaking Down Barriers
the College’s disability awareness and inclusion club
where she held an executive board position
Park welcomed others into the program and was an advocate for many
“Asaka was one of the students that introduced me to Breaking Down Barriers,” said senior public health major Gio Adu-Gyamfi
“She was a really talented writer and journalist who could relate with any student.”
especially for her strong voice and passion for everything she did
“Her and I both listened to the same music,” Rittman said
“We would even do homework together in her dorm room and the journalism room sometimes
She always seemed so accomplished in my eyes.”
She loved to share these interests with others and write about them
“She didn’t want to only be known for her disability advocacy,” Barone said
“rather she wanted people to know ‘Asaka.’ Her disability was a part of her life
but she also wanted to share her beauty advice
To only know her for her advocacy is great
but it discredits all of the hard work she put in to be seen as a college girl aside from that.”
Park was the first daughter of Edward Park and Junko Watanabe
“Asaka’s early years were marked by a love for animals, but it was her growing passion for writing that truly defined her,” her obituary read
SITTING IN Asaka Japanese Restaurant’s dining room
diners glimpse Indy sushi chef Nina Takamure alongside her father
the duo have worked together: She handcrafts the nigiri and maki
while he cooks the ramen and tempura for the restaurant’s devotees
“We have customers who come into Indy annually for business or events
They get a hotel near [Asaka] so they can come every day while in town.”
Her family immigrated to Indianapolis when she was a child and Tsutomu
decided to buy Asaka and operate it as a family endeavor
then—at Tsutomu’s urging—apprenticed and became as proficient as her master sushi chef dad
To find a woman expertly cutting a sliver of toro over a mound of vinegared rice is a rarity
Several myths regarding women persist in the field
and—the kicker—their menstrual cycle affecting a dish’s taste
All are easily debunked as nothing more than misogyny
and those falsehoods don’t matter to Asaka’s enthusiasts
the parking lot was full of cars covered in fresh snow while their occupants sat over bowls of steaming noodles and handrolls
is enjoying the good times at the restaurant while they last
“and I want to grow my family.” Retirement
“In a few years—three tops—when he is done
This work, Largest Yama Sakura exercise concludes; solidifies lasting commitment to regional security, by SPC Samarion Hicks, identified by DVIDS, must comply with the restrictions shown on https://www.dvidshub.net/about/copyright
procuring ingredients directly from small farmers to redefine how tea is sourced and enjoyed
In 2016, she founded Asheville Tea Company
developed in an incubator program at Asheville Buncombe Technical Community College
which grew into an 11-person production with a regional retail store and nationwide online distribution in eight years
“Our mission has always been to do our part in creating value chains here in the Southeast rather than relying on traditional supply chains,” said Jessie Dean
who’s also the company’s chief executive officer
potent cup of tea and supports our area’s economy and conservation of farmland and regenerative agricultural practices.”
Asheville Tea Company occupied a building at 91 Thompson St
near the historic Biltmore Village for its production
She planned to convert a section into a retail space for customers
watched those dreams and years of hard work get swept away by the Swannanoa River during Tropical Storm Helene
was lifted off its foundation and carried away as the river rose more than 24 feet high
“I took almost nothing out of the building,” Melissa Dean said while touring the wreckage along Thompson Street on Oct
“We were watching all of the weather reports
We moved everything up high thinking just in case water gets into the building
but the building had been lifted out of the flood zone years ago.”
The sisters said they watched a video a resident of a nearby apartment complex recorded the moment the building washed away and split in half on a utility pole
Jessie and Melissa Dean have slowly tracked what happened
packaged boxes of tea and silver bags of ingredients scattered on the debris-covered Thompson Street and riverbank
“The first sign that I saw even before that was a white wicker desk that we had in our office that is kind of sandwiched between flooring and roofing,” Jessie Dean said
The bulk of the wreckage is embedded in the front of Asaka Japanese Cuisine’s building and parking lot with more found crashed against Long John Silver’s on Biltmore Avenue
“We’re finding things as we go,” Jessie Dean said
“We’re finding things like 25 feet up into trees just strewn about on both sides of the river all the way down.”
What's left of Asheville Tea Company's productsJessie Dean estimated losses from their raw materials and equipment at nearly half a million dollars
The company distributes wholesale to regional retailers and ships to customers online nationwide
The tea products on the shelves are what’s left of the original inventory at places including French Broad Food Co-Op in Asheville
Swamp Rabbit Café and Grocery in Greenville
and Ingles and Mast General Stores across the Southeast
In May, Asheville Tea Company expanded the distribution of select hot and cold brews to Whole Foods Market. A list of retailers is on the business’s website, ashevilleteacompany.com
I keep seeing it around town and it’s like seeing old friends,” Jessie Dean said
who also sustained flood damage to her Woodfin home and lost her vehicle in the storm
said the company usually inches along through the year
depending on the fourth quarter sales increase during the cold weather months
“This is the time that’s make-or-break for us,” she said
“We are so seasonally driven by the holidays and it’s the time when people think about tea in particular so it’s been a huge revenue hit."
Asheville Tea Company’s relaunchAn Asheville Tea Company relaunch was underway several weeks after the devastating storm
though Jessie Dean said it hadn’t been easy to restart
especially when navigating the sadness and shock of Tropical Storm Helene
farms and other tea companies in Asheville
Pennsylvania and Canada have shown an outpouring of support
supplies and co-manufacturing opportunities
She said partner farms still had harvests of herbs and florals on reserve for the company
spearmint and native varietal mountain mint
Jessie Dean said a crowdsourcing fundraiser and Mountain BizWorks relief fund loan have assisted with reestablishing the small business
the company must pay debt from inventory and equipment that’s now lost
She projected the first batches of the new inventory would be ready for sale by the holiday season though on a much smaller scale with only a few staple and holiday tea blends available on the website and at retail shops
She said staff members will be brought back as operations ramp up
“It will be exciting to have something back out in the world,” Jessie Dean said
Jessie Dean said she and her sister grew up in Western North Carolina
and launching the business in Asheville was in part because of the incredible community of supportive food and beverage entrepreneurs doing purpose-driven work and creating a vibrant culture for locals and visitors
The tea company dubbed itself “the other craft brew” as a nod to Asheville’s craft beer
“It was compelling for me to start a business here because we could be a part of that ― the buzz and excitement around doing good work and creating great experiences,” she said
Jessie Dean said she has hope and faith the company and WNC community can rebuild and revive the culture in the next few years though there’s fear over the lack of funding needed to accomplish the feat. She called for more grants ― not loans ― for local business owners
“I believe this whole community is an ecosystem and without it
“It feels vital to support each other in the process of rebuilding and that’s what Western North Carolina people do and have always done.”
For more, visit ashevilleteacompany.com and follow @ashevilleteaco on Instagram.
Tiana Kennell is the food and dining reporter for the Asheville Citizen Times, part of the USA Today Network. She is a graduate of Michigan State University and covered the arts, entertainment and hospitality in Louisiana for several years. Email her at tkennell@citizentimes.com or follow her on Instagram @PrincessOfPage.
Yama Sakura began Friday at the home of Japan’s Ground Component Command in Saitama prefecture, north of Tokyo, and concludes Dec. 14.
The annual drill involves 1,500 U.S. personnel, 5,000 Japanese troops and 300 Australian soldiers at locations across Japan, Alaska, Hawaii and Australia, according to an Army news release Thursday.
It’s the first time U.S. Marines have joined the command post exercise, and the second year Australians have been full participants, the release said.
A command post exercise gauges the participants’ ability to manage and respond to a simulated crisis. It typically involves commanders, command staff and communications between participating headquarters.
“We have seen drastic changes in the global power balance,” Lt. Gen. Toshikazu Yamane, commander of Japan’s Ground Component Command, told a formation of troops from the three nations gathered at his home base to start the drill.
He called attention to the conflicts in Ukraine and Gaza and told the troops that Yama Sakura will hone their ability to respond to a crisis and deter adversaries in the region.
This year’s exercise will focus on operations across the land, air, sea, space and cyber domains as well as expeditionary advanced basing, a strategy that involves fighting from dispersed positions that are harder for the enemy to target, Yamane said.
American units involved include the 25th Infantry Division, 11th Airborne Division, 5th Security Force Assistance Brigade, U.S. Army Japan and III Marine Expeditionary Force, according to the Army news release.
Lt. Gen. Joel Vowell, deputy commander U.S. Army Pacific and a former U.S. Army Japan commander, told journalists that participating forces will simulate attacks using precision fires.
One weapon the troops are practicing to use is the precision strike missile, or PrSM, he said, emphasizing that strikes will be simulated.
This summer, the Army helped sink a target ship during the Valiant Shield exercise by launching two of the new missiles from Palau, Naval News reported June 23.
PrSM is capable of neutralizing targets at standoffs greater than 250 miles, according to manufacturer Lockheed Martin.
Australian troops participating in Yama Sakura will also practice employing long-range missiles, Maj. Gen. Ash Collingburn, commander of the Australian Army’s Brisbane-based 1st Division, told the reporters.
The exercise will test long-duration intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance equipment that can identify enemy targets, Vowell said.
Troops are also using advanced commercial communication gear with a large amount of bandwidth, he said.
“We have speed of information advantage,” he said. “We see sense and understand faster than our adversaries.”
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The funding will help increase access to finance for agriculture and strengthen the bank’s climate finance portfolio
OPEC Fund President Abdulhamid Alkhalifa said: “Our partnership with Asaka Bank supports two crucial priorities for Uzbekistan - ensuring food security and addressing climate change
Agriculture remains a cornerstone of the country’s economy and targeted investments in sustainable practices will help smallholder farmers build resilience and boost productivity
The new financing reflects our commitment to fostering economic growth while driving climate action.”
Agriculture is a key driver of Uzbekistan’s economy
accounting for 25 percent of the country’s GDP and also employing about a quarter of the workforce
As the sector faces challenges such as extreme weather events
water scarcity and limited access to finance
strengthening financial support for small-scale farmers can create far-reaching benefits
Asaka Bank will on-lend the OPEC Fund’s loan to small and medium-sized enterprises and agribusinesses
enabling them to access essential financing for growth
This will help farmers and rural enterprises secure critical services
adopt modern technology and expand market access - strengthening productivity and resilience across the sector
Asaka Bank is Uzbekistan’s fourth-largest commercial bank by assets and gross loans
The bank plays a key role in financing economic development and is majority state-owned
The OPEC Fund partners with Asaka Bank through its risk-sharing program with international financial institutions
The OPEC Fund has been a longstanding partner of Uzbekistan for 25 years
supporting nearly 30 public and private sector projects with a total loan volume of US$800 million to date
A Country Partnership Framework signed in 2024 earmarks US$500 million in new OPEC Fund financing to advance Uzbekistan’s sustainable development agenda until 2029
The OPEC Fund for International Development (the OPEC Fund) is the only globally mandated development institution that provides financing from member countries to non-member countries exclusively
The organization works in cooperation with developing country partners and the international development community to stimulate economic growth and social progress in low- and middle-income countries around the world
The OPEC Fund was established in 1976 with a distinct purpose: to drive development
focusing on financing projects that meet essential needs
employment (particularly relating to MSMEs)
the OPEC Fund has committed more than US$29 billion to development projects in over 125 countries with an estimated total project cost of more than US$200 billion
The OPEC Fund is rated AA+/Outlook Stable by Fitch and AA+
Our vision is a world where sustainable development is a reality for all
The press release is provided for informational purposes only
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value or profitability of any particular security
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National Report
Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin expressed confidence about enhanced military capabilities among the United States
Australia and Japan as he observed joint exercises Wednesday showcasing their closer cooperation as tensions grow in the region
Austin is in Japan to reaffirm the importance of their alliance and Washington’s commitment to regional security
Austin noted as he observed the trilateral Yama Sakura 87 exercises held at the Japanese army’s Camp Asaka on the outskirts of Tokyo that the necessary equipment
munitions and people are in place and “these are the things that will guarantee success if we ever get challenged on the battlefield.”
under a security strategy introduced in 2022
is pursuing a rapid military buildup to increase its deterrence against growing threats from China
especially with the United States and Australia
Austin praised the strength of the Japan-U.S
alliance at a time of rapid global political change
cooperation with Tokyo and Seoul is crucial for regional stability
The scenario-based command post exercises began last Friday and are combined with the U.S
Army’s Warfighter command post exercise for the first time
making it the largest since they began in 1982
More than 7,000 servicemembers from the three countries are participating at multiple locations including Camp Kengun in southwestern Japan to simulate operations on remote islands as well as cross-domain operations including space and cyber defense
according to the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force
US-Japan security talks focus on bolstering military cooperation
security talks focus on bolstering military cooperation
Information on the latest cherry blossom conditions
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A series based on diplomatic documents declassified by Japan’s Foreign Ministry
Here is a collection of first-hand accounts by “hibakusha” atomic bomb survivors
chefs and others involved in the field of food introduce their special recipes intertwined with their paths in life
A series about Japanese-Americans and their memories of World War II
In-house News and Messages
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under the guidance of new head coach Shota Sato and Japanese import Asaka Tamaru
are looking to enhance their performance by integrating Japanese volleyball into their system
The Farm Fresh Foxies are looking to improve even further
following their last-minute addition to the 2024 PVL Reinforced Conference
Farm Fresh hired Shota Sato as the head coach before the start of the Reinforced Conference
After finishing in eighth place and stepping up to replace the PLDT High Speed Hitters in the Invitational Conference, the Foxies tapped Asaka Tamaru to be their import
In their first match of the tournament, Farm Fresh faced off the defending champions Kurashiki Ablaze, bowing in straight sets, 25-13, 25-16, 25-16
Tamaru would have wanted to bring home a win for the Foxies
“[I really regret it because I wanted to win against Ablaze
[Though] I really enjoyed the time and had a great experience with Farm Fresh,” Tamaru said in Japanese,interpreted by the Foxies' translator
Despite their slow start to the conference
Tamaru is seeing some positive things for the young Foxies squad after her stint with another rookie team in the ZUS Coffee Thunderbelles
most of the players were young and lacked experience
which affected their strategy and made things difficult for them
they have more experience and potential,” said Tamaru
“The only thing they lack is mental toughness
I hope to see more of their potential at Farm Fresh,” the 5-foot-7 Japanese outside hitter added
[ALSO READ: PVL: Asaka Tamaru hopes to bring Japanese style and discipline to revamped ZUS Coffee]
who marked his second conference coaching the Foxies
admitted that the team only had two days of practice after accepting the PVL’s call to replace the PLDT High Speed Hitters in the tournament
the Japanese tactician said they are grateful for more opportunities to improve themselves
“I appreciate the experience and am grateful to PVL and Boss Frank
But we believe they will improve gradually,” said Sato
Sato hopes to integrate more Japanese volleyball into Farm Fresh and build a contending team
“[I am] feeling the connection with Japan volleyball again
[I am] also happy and want a mix of Philippine and Japanese volleyball for Farm Fresh,” said Sato
FRIENDS OFF OF IT 🤝 Kurashiki Ablaze's head coach Hideo Suzuki gave some advice to recently named Best Opposite Spiker Trisha Tubu after the Farm Fresh Foxies' debut in the 2024 PVL Invitational Conference
while Saya Taniguchi and Asaka Tamaru quickly caught up with each other
| via Jamie Velasco/One Sports Digital #OSTimeout #PVL2024 #TheHeartofVolleyball #OneSports #SportsonTiktok
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Asaka Tamaru will play once again in the PVL Invitational Conference
but this time she will be suiting for the Farm Fresh Foxies
Asaka Tamaru will be back in the 2024 PVL Invitational Conference
she won’t be playing for the defending champions
The Japanese outside hitter will join Farm Fresh Foxies
who recently replaced the PLDT High Speed Hitters in the conference
Tamaru is coming off her stint with the ZUS Coffee Thunderbelles in the Reinforced Conference
she and the young Thunderbelles went winless in the conference
Tamaru impressed during her stint with ZUS Coffee and will now join Farm Fresh in their bid in the Invitational Conference
which will see a five-team field instead after the Akari Chargers also decided to back out from the tournament
[ALSO READ: PVL: Farm Fresh takes PLDT's spot in Invitational Conference, Akari also opts out due to nagging injuries]
as they face their former team in Japan later on in the conference
who was hailed the Best Outside Hitter during the tournament
scored the championship-winning point for the Ablaze in their thrilling finals victory over the Creamline Cool Smashers
The Invitational Conference will begin at 1 p.m.
with the Kurashiki facing fellow guest team EST Cola of Thailand at the PhilSports Arena in Pasig City
Champion spiker Asaka Tamaru is set to return to the PVL
this time with the young ZUS Coffee Thunderbelles
Asaka Tamaru is already no stranger to the PVL
During the 2023 PVL Invitational Conference
Tamaru led the Kurashiki Ablaze to the title
winning the Best Outside Spiker award in the process
This time around, Tamaru will be bringing her talents to the rebranded ZUS Coffee Thunderbelles
the Japanese hitter already has her expectations set with her young teammates in ZUS Coffee
“Each and every ZUS Coffee player has a lot of power
so I want them to be able to use that power,” Tamaru told One Sports in Japanese
Having been in the Philippines for quite some time, Tamaru, who is also the assistant coach of the UE Lady Warriors
admitted some differences when playing in Japan and here in the country
Tamaru is looking to bring the Japanese style and discipline when playing volleyball to the Thunderbelles
“The playing style and even the discipline are different from Japan
but I want to incorporate the good parts of each other and promote Philippine volleyball,” said Tamaru
Though playing in different pools, Tamaru is also looking forward to competing against her husband, Shota Sato, who now coaches the Farm Fresh Foxies
“We had a practice match the other day but couldn’t win
I think it will be a while before we play Farm Fresh
so I [just] want to compete with the team and win,” said Tamaru
Tamaru and the rest of the Thunderbelles will look to open their Reinforced Conference campaign with a win as they go up against the defending champions Petro Gazz Angels on July 18
Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba renewed a pledge Saturday to build up his country’s military and deepen its alliance with the United States under President-elect Donald Trump
who made the comments at an annual troop review held at Camp Asaka in the Tokyo suburbs
said the security environment surrounding Japan and the international community has significantly worsened due to escalating tensions with China
He pledged to reinforce Japan’s military power
He said breaches of Japanese airspace by Chinese and Russian warplanes earlier in the year “not only violated Japanese sovereignty but also threatened the safety of Japan
and are absolutely unacceptable.” He said Japan faces growing threats from China’s accelerating military activity around Japanese coasts and from North Korea’s repeated missile firings
“As we face the most severe and complex security environment
I will balance and strengthen Japan’s diplomacy and security,” Ishiba said in his speech before hundreds of troops gathered for the ceremony
alliance is the lynchpin for achieving this
pledging to elevate Japan's ties with the United States and work closely with Trump as they agreed during a brief telephone conversation Thursday
replacing his unpopular predecessor Fumio Kishida but his governing coalition badly lost a recent parliamentary election and could face difficulty pursuing his party’s planned policies and budget plans in coming months
Ishiba pledged to pursue the ongoing military buildup plan under the 2022 security strategy adopted by his predecessor
which calls for a counter-strike capability with long-range cruise-missiles
a break from its self-defense only principle
Ishiba said he will pursue strengthening of command system to improve operation between Japanese and U.S
After its devastating defeat in World War II
Japan had prioritized economic recovery over defense under its war-renouncing constitution
but has steadily strengthened its defense capability in recent years
Japan’s new government welcomes ‘forward-looking’ message from China
New Prime Minister Ishiba vows to push a strong defense under the Japan-U.S
Ishiba continues on quest to revise Japan-U.S
Ishiba already under gun for staying mum on security issues
Japan PM candidate Koizumi talks of change
Japanese import Asaka Tamaru is still adjusting to her new team
as they continue their campaign in the 2024 PVL Reinforced Conference
Despite the efforts of Japanese import Asaka Tamaru
the ZUS Coffee Thunderbelles succumbed to the Petro Gazz Angels in straight sets during the 2024 PVL Reinforced Conference
a former player for Kurashiki Ablaze in the 2023 PVL Invitational Conference
the former Best Outside Hitter relished the support she’s been receiving from fans
“I was able to do my best because I received a lot of messages of support from my fans in the Philippines on Instagram
It was a lot of fun,” Tamaru said in Japanese
Now that she is not playing with her Kurashiki teammates
adjusting to the Philippine volleyball style has been a challenge for Tamaru
“It’s difficult to compare playing for a Japanese team and playing for a Philippine team because the feeling is different
There are many differences from the Japanese volleyball style
When asked about her standout teammates in ZUS Coffee
Tamaru had difficulty singling out just one player due to their solid performances
She eventually highlighted setter Cloanne Mondonedo and opposite hitter Gayle Pascual as particularly impressive
Mondonedo and Pascual are part of the College of Saint Benilde core that joined the Thunderbelles during the offseason
but I’d say the setter and the opposite [hitter],” Tamaru noted
Mondonedo’s playmaking was a crucial element for ZUS Coffee
[ALSO READ: PVL: No. 1 Pick Thea Gagate excited to team up with CSB core in ZUS Coffee]
and Pascual's performances indicate the promising potential for ZUS Coffee as they continue on with the Reinforced Conference even without their no
Up next for the Thunderbelles will be the Cignal HD Spikers on Tuesday
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‘Seattle from the Margins,’ a new book by assistant professor Megan Asaka points to the overseen contributions of the Duwamish
Megan Asaka always knew her Japanese family had a place in Seattle history
and faces were omitted from school textbooks and tourism brochures
she was certain her community had a place in the city’s creation and development
including the fact that her grandparents were incarcerated during World War II in California “enemy alien” camps
Her great-grandfather was detained in Montana after Pearl Harbor.
Asaka confirmed that all the cultural and historical contributions made by Japanese and other immigrant and Indigenous residents were not accidental omissions
In October, Asaka, assistant professor of history at UC Riverside, published her first book, “Seattle from the Margins: Exclusion, Erasure, and the Making of a Pacific Coast City,” by University of Washington Press
The book was primarily motivated by her own family story of migration
I was already asking questions such as: Where do we fit in the larger story of Seattle
who spent the last 12 years interviewing Japanese American families
“When I learned how early segregation had started in Seattle
Segregation started right when Seattle was created
they were pushed into the same kind of neighborhoods and districts.”
Asaka said these deliberate acts by white settlers created segregation and lifestyle restrictions — with ramifications for generations to come
Indigenous peoples and Asian immigrants could not choose where they wanted to live or work
They were essentially forced to become mobile workers
It was a tactic to prevent people from setting roots
Asaka said Seattle’s redlining only tells part of the story
White settlers removed Duwamish people by segregating them into the southern fringes of the city to take their lands
white and European laborers also settled in that southern periphery
Among the stories Asaka highlights is that of Frank Kubo
a 16-year-old who took a transpacific steamship to Seattle in 1927
The three-week trip was a return to his birthplace; years prior his parents had been among the first Japanese migrants to arrive in Auburn
They were tenant farmers but lost the farm after going bankrupt and were forced to return home to Japan with their three U.S.-born children
Asaka wrote that Kubo’s intention was to enroll in school and find a steady job to help his family
he worked for a Japanese import company peddling food and supplies to Japanese labor camps; other months he worked at hotels and lodging houses.
The circuit of labor prevented him from pursuing an education
“Seattle in the Margins” traces how the city was structured — spatially
and politically — around this demand for mobile labor
The book also offers readers a comprehensive look at how the lives of so many migrant workers intersected with one another.
“There is something about the West Coast that people think we didn’t have discrimination like in southern states
It just manifested in different ways,” Asaka said
emphasizing the importance of studying segregation earlier than the 1920s.
with nearly 1,000 total residents at that time
By 1876 King County had about 200 Chinese residents
Japanese immigrants started arriving in the 1890s.
hop farms benefited from the low-wage labor Chinese and Indigenous workers provided
Japanese workers were essential to railroad companies
The unequal treatment of immigrant groups was obvious
were seen as “the best class of foreigners,” and in turn were given better housing options
This was not true for Japanese workers.
“Employers further entrenched this racial hierarchy by segregating the Japanese from other workers
relegated Japanese laborers to isolated encampments
often deliberately situated near sites of industrial waste and nuisance — creeks that overflowed with refuse
Japanese laborers who worked for Crown Lumber in Mukilteo lived in a muddy ravine called ‘Jap Gulch’ by local whites,” Asaka wrote in the book
federal laws excluded Japanese from becoming naturalized U.S
The many layers of discrimination and unfairness are difficult to ignore
Asaka’s grandfather and great-grandfather experienced this discrimination
Researching for the book also meant learning more of her own family stories
It was a process that was both humbling and fulfilling
“To learn that my family is part of this history
I felt really empowered to finally see my family in the kind of social worlds that had been missing in Seattle,” she said
Asaka also highlights the strength of the human spirit
the ability to adapt and thrive in the worst of circumstances
listening to stories from these Asian migrant worker’s families
a Seattle-based organization dedicated to preserve WWII stories of incarcerated Japanese Americans.
is a way to reconcile this piece of omitted Seattle history
Asaka’s research also showed the artistic side of these neighborhoods
Some wrote haiku poems about their work and their multiracial communities.
“The city viewed these workers as disposable
yet they refused to be disposable,” Asaka said
they created communities — amazing multiracial communities that formed organically
but they learned to live with each other and coexist.”
tel: (951) 827-1012 email: webmaster@ucr.edu
The Japanese side made quick work of the Foxies in a 25-13
25-16 rout for their second win in as many days
and eighth straight without defeat since their title-winning debut campaign in 2023
Despite the loss, reuniting with Ablaze, albeit as opponents this time, was a treat for Sato and his partner Tamaru Asaka — and at the same time
ignited the Farm Fresh mentor’s desire to bring a winning brand of volleyball featuring the styles of play in both his homeland and his home away from home
“I’m happy to experience Japanese volleyball again (vs
Kurashiki) because the way they move the ball is very effective,” Sato said in Nihonggo
Asaka added: “I regret not getting the win I really wanted over Ablaze
but I’m really enjoying my time so far with Farm Fresh.”
The former PVL best outside hitter returned to the country as ZUS Coffee’s foreign guest player in its winless Reinforced Conference campaign
Asaka heeded the call to be the Foxies' last-minute replacement import for the Invitationals
Help build their ‘mental toughness.’
almost all the players were still very young and lacked experience
That’s why we fell short and had a hard time executing our strategies in games
Farm Fresh also has a young group of players
but they’re more experienced and have a lot of potential as a team,” Asaka said
but I hope I can help them bring out that potential to be stronger mentally.”
Kurashiki head coach Hideo Suzuki
Farm Fresh’s concurrent team consultant
says the bond remains strong between him and his former Ablaze mates
as he hopes Asaka and Sato continue to grow in their new home
“I heard Tamaru only recently joined Farm Fresh
so I think they didn't have much time to prepare
But I can see their game is gradually improving
I just need to help him level up,” said Suzuki
it was a good performance because we finally played the Ablaze way of volleyball
“It doesn’t matter for us which team we face. We’ll just do what we do and play our game the way we know best,” he added ahead of a sought-after rematch of the 2023 Invitational Conference finals with Creamline on Sunday
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Author Megan Asaka asks her readers to think about who is retained in the historical memory surrounding the settlement and growth of the city and what is at stake when other groups are erased from the story
She explores these questions in her book Seattle from the Margins: Exclusion
and the Making of a Pacific Coast City and in an upcoming presentation at Washington State University at 4:30 p.m
April 4 in Todd 276 on the Pullman campus
associate professor of history at the University of California
will give a a talk entitled “The Dividing Line: Race and Segregation in Early Seattle” which will examine the creation of a geographical line in the city
This segregation began at the inception of white settlement when founders pushed the Duwamish peoples to the southern part of the city and maintained a “residence district” in the northern part for white families
The efforts of local authorities in the city to contain its multiracial population shaped a geography of inequality that persists
as is evident in the social and spatial dynamics in Seattle today
as her family roots there go back four generations
she was acutely aware of the region’s history of Japanese incarceration during World War II
“I was always curious about the disconnect between what I knew from my family history in the city — which included segregation
incarceration — and the city’s image as being a progressive
which seeks to reconcile these apparent incongruities “reconceptualizes Seattle history from the perspective of those who had been pushed to the margins of urban society.”
She said that although her book is centrally focused on a local space
and more — listen to podcasts from Washington State University
About WSU: A selection of programs about Washington State
Asaka Tamaru is poised to once again set the Premier Volleyball League ablaze as she suits up for ZUS Coffee in the upcoming 2024 Reinforced Conference
Thunderbelles head coach Jerry Yee shared the addition of the Japanese import during the tourney's inaugural Draft Combine at Gameville Ballpark in Mandaluyong
When I complimented her that she was strong
along with the new chance to be here,” Yee said
[RELATED: TRACKER: Here are the imports for the 2024 PVL Reinforced Conference]
Tamaru is no stranger to Philippine volleyball
The 5-foot-7 opposite hitter helped steer the championship conquest of the Kurashiki Ablaze in the 2023 Invitational Conference
where she emerged as the First Best Open Spiker
Tamaru then became part of Yee’s coaching staff at Farm Fresh in the All-Filipino Conference and for the University of the East in the UAAP this year
The 25-year-old reinforcement is expected to bring firepower and defensive stability to the Thunderbelles
who will parade a youth-laden roster that includes College of St
[ALSO READ: Thea Gagate the obvious choice for ZUS Coffee for first pick of historic PVL Draft, says coach Jerry Yee]
“Confident kami sa training program [and] sa sipag na nandito kami
hindi naman namin hawak pero excited kami and gusto na naming magsimula,” Yee said
is the mother of invention — or in this case
ZUS Coffee’s Japanese guest import Tamaru Asaka might already be on her second Philippine stint, but language barriers still hinder the 2023 Premier Volleyball League (PVL) Invitational Conference champion and best outside hitter
Back in 2023 with her Japan club Kurashiki Ablaze
Asaka held court in PVL post-game interviews with an interpreter to translate her answers in Nihonggo to Filipino
But at least in their opening match, this wasn’t the case as Asaka faced the local media alone following a straight-sets debut defeat to reigning Reinforced Conference champion Petro Gazz
where she led the young Thunderbelles with 17 points on 15 attacks
Her on-court exploits did all the talking in terms of what she can bring to her new PVL team
it was a different kind of talking she had to do
In the confines of the Philsports Arena’s media room
four questions were tossed to the 25-year-old Japanese native after the defeat
As the opening query on her PVL comeback was asked
Asaka took out her phone to signal her intended use of a translator app to respond to the press’ questions
media members would key in their questions in her phone which would instantly present the query in Nihonggo
but Asaka’s responses were done through real-time voice translations in which she’d record her answers in Nihonggo and present the corresponding English translations to the media flashed on her phone screen
Her entire post-game interview ran for roughly four minutes
From her partner Shota Sato now head coach for ZUS Coffee’s sister club Farm Fresh to playing for a new team altogether
changes were aplenty come Asaka’s second coming in the PVL
such stark differences between playing for a Japanese team and a Philippine team aren’t quite comparable just yet
“It’s difficult to compare playing for a Japanese team and playing for a Philippine team because the feeling is different
but there are many differences from the Japanese volleyball style
Two of her new teammates stood out early for Asaka — multi-awarded College of St. Benilde hotshot Gayle Pascual and reigning NCAA Season 99 MVP Cloanne Mondoñedo
But I’d say the setter (Mondoñedo) and the opposite (Pascual).”
is the love and support she received from Filipino volleyball fans in her comeback
“(I missed the) support from fans in the Philippines
I was able to do my best because I received a lot of messages of support from my fans in the Philippines on Instagram
the facade is oriented out of alignment with the street
while the interior spaces do not directly face out toward its neighbors
the parallelogram profile creates two triangular courtyards on either corner of the plot
lending more garden space between the house and its neighbors while bringing in natural light and letting fresh air naturally circulate.
toshihiro aso expresses the house in asaka as a solid block which opens up into a bright
the main interior wall is oriented parallel to the exterior walls to continue the parallelogram profile
the visitor moves from a closed room that opens into one that is more spacious
the house gradually opens up to the backyard
giving the visitor a feeling of distance from the street
a wide glazed opening connects a double-height
open-plan living and dining area to the backyard
transforming the entire space into an extension of the large garden
toshihiro aso expresses the house with arched openings
intentionally contrasting the typical standard of its surrounding urban context
the design team comments: ‘as with japanese igloos and caves from ancient times
an arch shape functions as an opening which vaguely connects inside and outside
a series of arch-shaped openings arranged in various locations both inside and outside of the house blur boundaries between inside and outside
the open-style living and dining space and the backyard
people and vibes whilst broadening the view and the interior space as if walking in a town.’
architecture: toshihiro aso
AXOR presents three bathroom concepts that are not merely places of function
but destinations in themselves — sanctuaries of style
Author and historian Megan Asaka tells the story of early migrant laborers in her book Seattle from the Margins: Exclusion
In Seattle's Chinatown International District
sits a multi story brick building with a marquee that reads "NP Hotel."
which was referred to as a first class hotel when it was built in 1914
"It was one of the many hotels that would open in this area between the late 19th and early 20th century period," says Megan Asaka
"Seattle actually had among the highest concentrations of hotel rooms and other forms of short term housing in the entire country by 1920."
Asaka says Seattle built a lot of hotels at the turn of the 20th century because the city's workforce needed them
Seattle developed around seasonal industries and extracting natural resources
These early laborers were often indigenous or Asian immigrants
industries that required a highly mobile workforce laborers needed to move between jobs often not staying long in the same location
Hotels like the NP were vital for housing those workers and most of those hotels were operated by Japanese immigrants
the 1920s operated one quarter of all the hotels in the city
even though they were just a tiny percentage of the urban population," Asaka said
"So they were very over represented in this particular occupation."
The NP Hotel shares this dense block with the Panama Hotel
it's a famous Japanese restaurant with a long history in the community
Asaka explains that many immigrants had strong ties to wealthy white business owners because those immigrants could provide and organize labor
but there's also intense racism at the forefront of this story
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 banned Chinese laborers from immigrating to the US
the US government forcibly removed people of Japanese ancestry from Seattle
and then the rest of the country and incarcerated them
The city of Seattle had a fraught relationship with its laborers
"They wanted them as workers to do the labor because no one else would do the work," Asaka said
this was true for Native American workers as well
they didn't really want them here in the city."
Megan Asaka spoke to Soundside about her latest book
and the Making of a Pacific Coast City and the importance of tracking the difficult to uncover histories of early laborers
Megan Asaka will also be speaking Thursday September 15
2022 about her book at the Elliot Bay Book Company
Libby Denkmann joined KUOW in December 2021 as the host of the midday show Soundside
She’s a native Pacific Northwesterner who grew up in Redmond
graduated from the University of Washington
and covered local news as a producer and reporter with KIRO Radio
Noel is a general assignment reporter for KUOW
covering everything from city hall to pickleball
Noel worked as a producer for KUOW’s midday show Soundside
Noel has also worked as an online editor and producer with KUOW’s web team
and she’s also a proud graduate of KUOW’s RadioActive program
Hans Anderson is a producer on KUOW’s Soundside
where he covers a diverse range of topics from conflicts over how to use busy streets to how the open spaces of the Palouse inspire modern musical compositions
He primarily produces segments about politics
nonprofit news organization that produces award-winning journalism
2024・10:00-18:00・Closed every Monday and on April 30 and May 7 | March 22,23,29,30 opening until 20:00 (Last admission at 19:30)
This year marks the 40th anniversary of the Teien Art Museum
As a large Art Deco-style building completed in 1933
the Museum oozes a glitzy modernist glamour rarely seen in Tokyo
Fans of art and interior design will enjoy this exhibition of the Prince’s home with a new focus on its materials
architectural techniques and historical anecdotes
the volumes are combined into a continuous complex connected via an outdoor bridge
the new construction serves as an extension of the main house
while the renovated warehouse and the piloti bellow become a place to host guests
the three volumes of the complex create a comfortable
intriguing environment for residents and guests alike.all images © nao takahashi
araki + sasaki architects (A+Sa) has reactivated the site through the renovation of the main house and its warehouse building
and the addition of a smaller residential construction
the outdoor bridge that connects the three volumes brings the project in direct contact with the exterior landscape
a wooden bench and open deck area have been placed nearby the existing stone fence
becoming a place of interaction between residents and guests
all three buildings feature a shared material palette that combines wood
allowing them to exist in complete harmony with each other
the new construction incorporates a series of pillars on the ground level
are characterized by subtle interventions such as new structural wooden frames and windows that promote natural ventilation.
architect: araki + sasaki architects (A+Sa)
location: asaka, saitama prefecture, japan
happening now! partnering with antonio citterio, AXOR presents three bathroom concepts that are not merely places of function, but destinations in themselves — sanctuaries of style, context, and personal expression.
Volume 15 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.740509
Knowledge about the developmental process of dynamic balance control comprised of upper arms and upper legs coordination and trunk and pelvis twist coordination is important to advance effective balance assessment for abnormal development
the mechanisms of these coordination and stability control during gait in childhood are unknown.This study examined the development of dynamic postural stability
and trunk and pelvic twist coordination during gait
and investigated the potential mechanisms integrating the central nervous system with inter-limb coordination and trunk and pelvic twist coordination to control extrapolated center of the body mass (XCOM)
This study included 77 healthy children aged 3–10 years and 15 young adults
The child cohort was divided into four groups by age: 3–4
Participants walked barefoot at a self-selected walking speed along an 8 m walkway
A three-dimensional motion capture system was used for calculating the XCOM
and phase coupling movements of the upper arms
MoS in the mediolateral axis was significantly higher in the young adults than in all children groups
Contralateral coordination (ipsilateral upper arm and contralateral upper leg combination) gradually changed to an in-phase pattern with increasing age until age 9 years
Significant correlations of XCOMML with contralateral coordination and with trunk and pelvic twist coordination (trunk/pelvis coordination) were found
Significant correlations between contralateral coordination and trunk/pelvis coordination were observed only in the 5–6 years and at 7–8 years groups.Dynamic postural stability during gait was not fully mature at age 10
XCOM control is associated with the development of contralateral coordination and trunk and pelvic twist coordination
The closer to in-phase pattern of contralateral upper limb coordination improved the XCOM fluctuations
the out-of-phase pattern (about 90 degrees) of the trunk/pelvis coordination increased theXCOM fluctuation
a different control strategy was used among children 3–8 years of age and individuals over 9 years of age
which suggests that 3–4-year-old children showed a disorderly coordination strategy between limb swing and torso movement
limb swing depended on trunk/pelvis coordination
Knowledge of the development process in motor and postural control during gait is a prerequisite for assessing abnormal and pathological development (Sutherland, 1997)
both growth and central nervous system maturation influence the changes in gait function; thus
the development of gait is a complex matter
Mature development of the mechanisms of inter-limb coordination and dynamic balance control during gait remains unclear
it suggests that the development of the dynamic balance control takes longer to mature compared to that of isolated kinematic and kinetic patterns
it must be possible that coordination strategy
defined as relationships between inter-limb coordination and trunk and pelvic twist coordination
Knowledge regarding the developmental process of dynamic balance control and inter-limb coordination
and the mechanisms of gait control during childhood are very important to advance effective balance assessment for abnormal development
We aimed to investigate the development of dynamic balance control with inter-limb coordination and trunk and pelvic twist coordination during gait and the potential mechanisms integrating the central nervous system (CNS) with inter-limb coordination and trunk and pelvic twist coordination to control dynamic balance control
We made the following hypotheses: (1) dynamic postural stability
but is not fully mature at age 10; (2) contralateral limb coordination also gradually approaches the in-phase pattern with increasing age
and is associated with decreasing XCOM fluctuation; (3) trunk and pelvic twist coordination gradually improves with increasing age
and is also associated with improving dynamic postural stability; and
(4) trunk twist coordination contributes to arm swing in children aged 3–8 years
A significant correlation with trunk twist coordination and contralateral limb coordination is present in those 3–8 years old based on previous studies revealing that children depend upon “en bloc” postural strategy until 8 years of age
Seventy-seven healthy children (43 boys and 34 girls) aged 3–10 years and 15 young healthy adults (22.7 ± 2.5 years) participated in the experiment (Table 1)
The child population was clustered by age into the following groups: 3–4 years (n = 24)
Children who were born after 37 gestational weeks and had a birth weight >2,500 g were recruited
All participants had no significant history of medical
Young adults and the parents of each child gave their informed consent prior to the start of the experiment
all children gave their informed assent after this study was explained to them in lay terms prior to the start of the experiment
All study protocols were approved by the ethics committee at the institution where this study took place (28-2-52
and the experiment was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki
Participants walked barefoot at a self-selected walking speed along an 8 m walkway (Figure 1)
Several practice trials were performed before data collection
and each participant was asked to perform five trials with a 2-min rest after each trial
Experimental setup: The participants walk barefoot at a self-selected walking speed along an 8 m walkway
Twenty-seven reflective markers are attached to bony landmarks
All signals were processed offline using MATLAB R2020b software (MathWorks
Data from the VICON system were filtered with a 10-Hz fourth-order
the continuous relative phase (CRP) between different segments was calculated by subtracting the specific segment phase angle time series from each other
The absolute CRP was calculated between 0° and 180°; 0° indicated two segments were moving in the same direction at the same time (in-phase); 180° indicated the segments were moving in opposite directions at the same time (anti-phase)
the mean CRP over the gait cycle was referred to as the mean relative phase (MRP)
Since there are different phase coupling movements of segments between which coordination was measured
both upper arm combination (both arm combination)
both upper leg combination (both leg combination)
ipsilateral upper arm and ipsilateral upper leg combination (ipsilateral combination)
ipsilateral upper arm and contralateral upper leg combination (contralateral combination)
trunk and pelvic combination (trunk/pelvis combination) were calculated
Typical samples of the angle-velocity phase plot in (A) ipsilateral upper arm and (B) contralateral upper leg and (C) the phase angle profile of these segments
Red markers and blue markers represent the first point and the last point during one gait cycle
Continuous relative phase (CRP) between these segments was calculated by subtracting the specific segment phase angle time series from each other
The MoS and the XCOM were calculated to evaluate the dynamic postural stability and balance control in the frontal plane (Hof et al., 2005)
and l is the distance from the axis of ankle joint to the COM position in the frontal plane
Peak XCOM in the mediolateral axis during each gait cycle was also calculated (XCOMML)
MoS along the mediolateral axis (MoSML) is defined as the minimum distance from XCOM to the boundaries of the BOS and is calculated by
The boundaries of BOS were defined as the mediolateral position of the ankle marker in the stance leg. XCOMML was normalized by the distance from the floor to the vertical COM position during static standing (% COM height). The COM velocity was also calculated by dividing the total path length of COM in the anteroposterior axis by the duration of the gait cycle to assess the walking speed. The COM velocity was normalized by √gl (Hof, 1996)
A priori power analysis was performed in G*power 3.1
The sample size was estimated from a pilot study carried out on 25 participants (five participants per group) for a calculated effect size of f = 0.466
We performed the power analysis using the F-test model of G*Power 3.1
Twelve participants in each group were deemed sufficient to detect significant differences in the XCOMML between groups with a power (1-β) of 0.8
Two-way analysis of variance was performed with the factors Group (3–4 years
9–10 years and young adults) and Sex (males and females)
If no significant interaction and factorial effect of sex was noted
data pertaining to patients of both sex were combined
One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the parameters among the groups (3–4 years
The Tukey-Kramer post hoc analysis was performed when appropriate
a nonlinear regression analysis using exponential functions was applied to examine the relationships between XCOMML and age
Pearson’s correlation coefficient with whole subject data was used to examine the relationships between XCOMML and each combination to assess the contribution of inter-limb coordination and torso coordination for dynamic balance control
Pearson’s correlation coefficient was also used to examine the relationships between MRP of the contralateral combination and that of trunk/pelvis combination in each group to assess balance control strategies of the age groups
All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26 (IBM Corp.
Statistical significance was accepted at p < 0.05
Data are expressed as mean [standard deviation (SD)]
All 92 participants were included in the analyses. Figure 3 shows the time profiles of a gait cycle for the grand mean MoSML
Patterns of these data were very similar across all groups
but all the children’s age groups showed more fluctuated patterns in XCOMML and lower MoSML
Time profiles of the gait cycle for grand mean spatial margin of stability (MoS)
extrapolated center of body mass (XCOM) displacements in the mediolateral axis
and kinematic joint movements with the standard deviation of each group
(A) Grand mean mediolateral margin of stability (MOSML) and (B) grand mean mediolateral XCOM displacements (XCOMML) and boundaries of base of support (BOS)
which is defined by ankle marker on the stance side
and are represented by a thick line and thin line
(C) Grand mean trunk and pelvic rotational angular movements in the horizontal plane are represented by the gray line and the black line
(D) The grand mean of both the upper arm and upper leg joint angular movement in the sagittal plane is represented by the solid lines and the dotted lines
Ipsilateral and contralateral limbs are represented by the black lines and the gray lines
The two-way ANOVA of MOSML, XCOMML, and each coordination showed no significant effect of sex and two-factor interaction (Table 2)
Results of two-way analysis of variance for dynamic balance and each coordination
No significant between-group difference was found in the walking speed (F4, 88 = 0.738, p = 0.569; Table 3). Although no significant between-group differences were found in the upper arm and the upper leg angular movements over a gait cycle (F4, 88 = 0.804, p = 0.526 and F4, 88 = 1.824, p = 0.131, respectively; Table 3)
significant differences in the trunk and the pelvic angular movements were found between the groups (F4
A post hoc analysis revealed that the trunk angular displacement was significantly decreased in the adult group compared to the 3–4
and 7–8 years age groups (p = 0.019
and the pelvic angular displacement was significantly decreased in the young adult group compared to the 5–6 years age group (p = 0.002)
Results of walking speed and the range of motion in each segment over one cycle
Significant differences in the MRP of both arm combination, ipsilateral combination, and contralateral combination were found between the groups (F4, 88 = 5.903, p < 0.001, F4, 88 = 3.097, p = 0.020, and F4, 88 = 8.363, p < 0.001, respectively; Figure 4)
A post hoc analysis revealed that the MRP of both upper arm combination was significantly increased in the 9–10 years age and young adult groups than in the 3–4 years age group (p = 0.003
and the ipsilateral combination was significantly increased in the young adult group compared to the 3–4 years age group (p = 0.030)
the MRP of the contralateral combination was significantly decreased in the young adult group compared to the 3–4
and 7–8 years age groups (p < 0.001)
No significant between-group differences were found in the MRP of both leg combination and trunk/pelvis combination (F4
(A) Mean relative phase of both upper arm combination
(C) ipsilateral upper arm and leg combination
(D) contralateral upper arm and leg combination
and (E) trunk and pelvis combination for each group [± standard deviation (SD)]
significant correlations were found for the 5–6 years (r = −0.586
p = 0.002) and 7–8 years groups (r = −0.522
Mean margin of stability in mediolateral axis [MoSML; ± standard deviation (SD)]
Results of regression analysis performed for age and extrapolated center of body mass in mediolateral axis (XCOMML)
Relationships between peak extrapolated center of body mass (XCOM) displacements in mediolateral axis (XCOMML) and (A) mean relative phase (MRP) of both arm combination
(C) MRP of ipsilateral arm and leg combination
(D) MRP of contralateral arm and leg combination
Relationship between mean relative phase (MRP) of contralateral arm and leg combination and MRP of trunk/pelvis combination for each group
This study mainly elucidated the developmental process of inter-limb coordination and trunk twist coordination
and the contribution of inter-limb coordination to dynamic balance control during gait
Mediolateral dynamic stability during gait (MoSML) was not fully mature at age 10
mediolateral dynamic balance control (XCOMML) gradually improved with increasing age and was associated with the development of contralateral limb coordination and trunk and pelvic twist coordination
trunk/pelvis coordination correlated with contralateral limb coordination for the 5–6 years and 7–8 years groups
These results suggest that relationships between contralateral combination and trunk/pelvis coordination during gait may change from a disorderly coordination strategy in 3–4 years to a tightly linked strategy in 5–8 years
These relationships become altered in children aged 9–10 years and attain an adult-like manner of coordination patterns
it suggests that greater trunk and pelvic angular displacement in younger children might be controlled to create higher energy and faster walking speed
The present study indicated that no significant difference between young adults and 3–10 years children in phase coupling movement between the trunk and pelvic twist movement was found
but each range of motion in trunk and pelvis attained adult-like level at 7–8 years of age
Limb swing and trunk movements may be controlled independently to utilize limb swing effectively and flexibility according to task contexts
Coordination control strategy during gait may become altered in children aged 9–10 years and attain adult-like coordination patterns
electromyography and electroencephalography should be performed to analyze relationships among inter-limb coordination and dynamic postural stability
the effects of walking speed on the XCOM might not be excluded
This study demonstrated the development of dynamic postural stability and balance control with inter-limb coordination and trunk and pelvic twist coordination during gait
Dynamic postural stability does not fully mature until age 10 or older
Improving dynamic balance control is associated with the development of in-phase pattern of the contralateral upper arm and upper leg coordination
and the anti-phase pattern of both upper arm coordination
the out-of-phase pattern (about 90 degrees) of the trunk and pelvic twist coordination is also negatively correlated with dynamic balance control
contralateral upper arm and upper leg coordination is linked with trunk and pelvic twist coordination at 5–8 years of age
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors
The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by Ethical committee of Oita University Faculty of Welfare and Health Science and Sapporo Medical University Ethics committee
Written informed consent to participate in this study was provided by the participants’ legal guardian/next of kin
Written informed consent was obtained from the individuals
and minors’ legal guardian/next of kin
for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article
TA: conception and supervision of the study and editing and revising the manuscript
All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version
This work was supported in part by a Japanese Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (18K17676
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations
Any product that may be evaluated in this article
or claim that may be made by its manufacturer
is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher
Development of locomotor balance control in healthy children
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The development of mature gait patterns in children during walking and running
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Received: 13 July 2021; Accepted: 11 October 2021; Published: 28 October 2021
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*Correspondence: Hiroki Mani, bWFuaS1oaXJva2lAb2l0YS11LmFjLmpw
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Japan — More than 6,000 soldiers from the U.S
Army and Japan Ground Self-Defense Force gathered throughout Japan on Monday to begin 10 days of command-and-control training
is an annual tabletop exercise that aims to prepare the nations’ ground forces to work together against an invading enemy force
The training involves theoretical scenarios rather than troops and equipment in the field
he told Stars and Stripes after Monday’s opening ceremony at Camp Asaka in Tokyo
and Japanese troops stood in formation to hear from their commanders
Similar ceremonies took place at other exercise spots in Japan
“The challenges of today are continually evolving,” Lt
commander of Japan’s Ground Component Command
They were joined by 30 soldiers from Australia
which had only observed past Yama Sakura drills
About 200 Australians are participating in the overall exercise
“This is the first year that they are full participants in one of the largest and most complex command-post exercises in the Indo-Pacific,” I Corps commander Lt
develop and refine” their strategies for working together and coordinating operations by air
he told those assembled in the camp’s courtyard
“Through your shared vision and by working together
we can all ensure a free and open Indo-Pacific,” he said
Yama Sakura challenges the staff sections within a command
“When anything happens around the world and the military is called up to execute a mission
the staff side of things work on problems like these,” he said
The primary emphasis will be on coordination and communication between individual commands and the three nations’ militaries
“Missions and scenarios are tracked virtually while simulated adversaries react to our operations,” he added
Yama Sakura is the first in a series of four command-post drills that make up the preamble to Operation Pathways — U.S
Army Pacific’s method of connecting multiple drills — and sets the stage for larger field exercises
Cobra Gold in Thailand and Orient Shield in Japan
“A command post establishes the physical communications hub for a division or higher to synchronize every function of warfighting across a battlefield which will eventually lead up to a warfighter exercise,” Mejia said
Troops are participating in Yama Sakura from Joint Base Lewis-McCord
and four bases in Japan: Camp Asaka in Tokyo; Camp Higashi-Chitose in Hokkaido prefecture; Camp Sendai in Miyagi prefecture; and the U.S
The plant has produced a total of 487,104 of Lacetti cars
Production of the Chevrolet Lacetti has ceased at the UzAuto Motors plant in Asaka
The last Lacetti (Gentra) in the company's history has left the assembly line
It is noted that a total of 487,104 of these cars were produced
Production of the Chevrolet Lacetti began in 2013
more than 11,000 cars were produced annually
and by 2023 this number had reached nearly 90,000
The plant had planned to stop production of this car from January 2024
due to the availability of components and spare parts
the production process was extended for several more months