tennis is just another outlet for competition
Ray Hidaka has been a fixture in the Shoreham-Wading River boys varsity tennis team for five years
wide-eyed seventh grader but still earned the first singles slot and has never let it go all these years
he finally got some competition for that No
Ray and Kai both finished ranked second and fourth respectively in the division for singles players
worked his way into the second singles slot after playing varsity doubles with his brother the year before
Ray only lost to three opponents all of last year in the first singles spot and all three of his losses were against seniors later named All-State
he was one win away from making it to the states
After being in the shadows of his brother early in his varsity years
Kai decided to commit to tennis this offseason
“I really spent a lot of time playing this year and wanted to get better,” Kai said
“I’ve been playing club tennis since I was five
something in me just wanted to take the next step and push myself to the limit.”
Coach Matthew Epp saw it right away when he stepped foot on the court for the first practice
“You could tell his improvement immediately
making tough shots and putting the pressure on his opponents
I knew we were going to see a new version of Kai this year.”
Though Kai and Ray are only two years apart in age
the siblings play with two different styles
Ray is more methodical and cool-headed — other schools call him ‘The Terminator’ because of how ruthless and efficient he is
They ended up playing head to head on the third day of practice.”
we don’t actually play against each other a lot,” Ray said
but we rarely play against each other in the offseason
I’ve been busy studying for my six AP classes
And before he would get a chance to face the best singles players in Suffolk County
he had to prove that he was better than his brother
“All I kept thinking about was all the times I lost to him over the years,” Kai said
Kai won the first set 6-0 then proceeded to win the match and the spot
I knew I was in trouble after that first set.”
SWR opened their season March 25 against Bayport-Blue Point
Both Hidakas won but Ray finished earlier after a two-set sweep
He watched from the sidelines as his brother’s match went into the third and final set
played with emotion and yelled in tight moments
he was disappointed in his first performance in the No
“I thought I was off my usual game,” Kai said
“Playing outside after playing indoors all year is so much different
That’s one thing I wish I had from my brother is his calmness no matter how many points he’s behind.”
The competition continues as the siblings keep pushing one another to improve
“Both of us want to make states this year,” Ray said with a smile. “But who knows, we might just have to play each other again in the county tournament.”
A kaleidoscope of spring colors — periwinkle foxglove
Leon Maurice Creighton of Greenport Village died Monday
With the birth of river otter pups at the Long Island Aquarium and possible sightings of otters at Marion Pond in..
Shohei Ohtani was surrounded by plenty of familiar faces when he was announced as the unanimous winner of the 2024 National League MVP Award
was part of the MLB Network broadcast to break the news to his Los Angeles Dodgers teammate
Ohtani’s acceptance of the NL MVP Award also included Matt Hidaka working as an interpreter between the two-way superstar and MLB Network broadcast
It’s not yet clear if Hidaka has assumed the role of Ohtani’s new interpreter
who took over after Ippei Mizuhara was fired during the Seoul Series
reportedly was alongside Dodgers president of baseball operations Andrew Friedman for a scouting trip in Japan when the MVP winners were announced
Matt Hidaka interpreted for Ohtani during his introductory news conference with the Los Angeles Angels in December 2017
He also worked as an interpreter for Kosuke Fukudome in 2007
When Ohtani reported for his first MLB Spring Training in 2018
it was with Ippei Mizuhara as his interpreter
The two went on to form a close friendship that was well documented and added to the shock when Mizuhara was found to have stolen nearly $17 million from Ohtani in order to pay off illegal sports gambling debts
Mizuhara’s betting activity surfaced during the Seoul Series at the beginning of the 2024 season
and led to immediately being fired by the Dodgers
Mizuhara is facing federal charges and recently had his sentencing delayed into January 2025
The Dodgers looked internally in order to replace Mizuhara and tasked Will Ireton with becoming Ohtani’s new interpreter
Ireton previously worked as a Dodgers interpreter for Kenta Maeda from 2016-2019 and remained with the team when the right-hander was traded to the Minnesota Twins
With Maeda no longer on the Dodgers roster
Ireton shifted into player development and baseball operations
holding various roles such as coordinator of performance and his current position of manager of performance operations
He also spent one season on the Triple-A Oklahoma City coaching staff
Along with serving as an interpreter for Ohtani
Ireton handled in-game translating and communication for Yoshinobu Yamamoto
It previously was another of Mizuhara’s responsibilities as well because MLB rules only permit teams to have one interpreter in the dugout during games
Yoshihiro Sonoda remains Yamamoto’s interpreter for media interviews
It’s plausible Ireton is going to continue interpreting for Ohtani moving forward
but it’s also possible the Dodgers fill the role with a new hire
Have you subscribed to the Dodger Blue YouTube channel
Be sure to ring the notification bell to watch player interviews
and stay up to date on all Dodgers news and rumors
Get breaking Dodgers News direct to your inbox
Metrics details
Dimorphopterus japonicus is a kind of pest which seriously harms sorghum and millet
we sequenced the mitochondrial whole genome of D
and characterized and analyzed the mitogenome
and it exhibits a typical high A + T content (77.6%)
japonicus is highly conservative and there are no gene rearrangements
The evolutionary rates of the PCGs are in the order of atp8 > nad3 > nad6 > nad2 > nad5 > atp6 > nad4 > nad4L > cox2 > nad1 > cytb > cox3 > cox1
By using the Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods
we inferred the phylogenetic relationships within Lygaeoidea and estimated their divergence times based on concatenated mitogenome genes
The stable clades of (Oxycarenidae + Piesmatidae)
and (Blissidae+(Cymidae + Ninidae)) were consistently recovered in all analyses
Estimated divergence times revealed that the divergence time of the Lygaeoidea was 99.4 Ma (95% HPD: 83.4-124.8 Ma)
and most lygaeoid families diverged during the early Cretaceous to late Paleogene
Berytidae is the latest differentiation in the lygaeoid families
and the genus Dimorphopterus was differentiated in 45.9 Ma (95% HPD: 39.8–47.7 Ma)
This study is of great significance for reconstructing the phylogeny of Lygaeoidea and providing insights into its evolutionary history
andthe phylogeny of major lineages of Lygaeoidea was reconstructed
which include the construction of phylogenetic trees for Lygaeoidea and an evaluation of divergence times
will provide molecular evidence and theoretical reference for systematic taxonomic research on the Lygaeoidea superfamily
The nucleotide composition of the D. japonicus mitochondrial genome is detailed in Table 2
the control region exhibits the highest A + T content (80.8%)
atp8 has the highest A + T content (88.4%)
When examining the three codon positions within the PCGs
the A + T content at the first position (69.6%) is lower than that at the second (78.1%) and third (82.7%) positions
The base skew analysis of the 13 PCGs reveals that seven genes have AT-skew values less than 0
while nine genes exhibit GC-skew values less than 0
The relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) in the mitogenomes of D
japonicus mitochondrial genome collectively span 1,846 bp
all other PCGs use ATN as their start codon
and the remaining seven PCGs use TAA as their stop codons
The ratios of KaKs of 13 PCGs in the mitochondrial genomes of D
Organization of the control region in D
Phylogenetic tree of Lygaeoidea inferred from BI and ML method based on different datasets.
Phylogenetic tree of Lygaeoidea inferred from ML method based on PCG12rRNA dataset
the monophyly of the Lygaeoidea superfamily was well supported
Neolethaeus assamensis did not cluster with other species of the family Rhyparochromidae
whereas the remaining 15 families formed monophyletic groups
Although the internal topology of Lygaeoidea was not entirely stable
were consistently recovered in all analyses
the topology was divided into three major clades
Pachygronthidae and Heterogastridae formed a sister group relationship in the first clade
The topology of second clade was (Artheneidae+ (Oxycarenidae + Piesmatidae))
The other 11 families clustered the third clade
the topology was (Cryptorhamphidae+ (((Lygaeidae + Rhyparochromidae)+ (Malcidae + Colobathristidae))+ ((Geocoridae+ (Meschiidae + Berytidae))+ (Blissidae+ (Cymidae + Ninidae)))))
Neolethaeus assamensis was identified as the earliest divergent lineage within Lygaeoidea
while the genera Dimorphopterus and Cavelerius also formed a sister group relationship
The divergence times for Oxycarenidae and Piesmatidae were estimated at 82.7 Ma (95% HPD: 73.2–86.3 Ma) during the Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic era. The divergence times for Malcidae and Colobathristidae were estimated at 75.3 Ma (95% HPD: 61.0-89.4 Ma) in the same period. The genus Dimorphopterus diverged around 45.9 Ma (95% HPD: 39.8–47.7 Ma) during the Paleogene period of the Cenozoic era.
The chronogram of divergence times by BEAST analysis
the longest intergenic region was located between nad5 and trnH
a rare feature in the mitochondrial genomes of Hemiptera insects
G-U pairing was also observed in the secondary structure of rRNA
further morphological and molecular data will be necessary to better understand the monophyly of Rhyparochromidae
Our results suggest that the divergence of most lygaeoid families occurred from the early Cretaceous to the late Paleogene
The divergence time of Berytidae was estimated at 31.4 Ma
representing the latest differentiation among lygaeoid families
The divergence time of Blissidae was estimated at 55.8 Ma
with the genus Dimorphopterus differentiating at 45.9 Ma
we conducted phylogenetic analyses and divergence time estimations within Lygaeoidea
Due to the relatively small number of mitochondrial genomes available for Lygaeoidea
research on the phylogenetic relationships within this superfamily remains limited and cannot yet provide a stable taxonomic position
further research is necessary to increase the number of mitochondrial genomes and to further elucidate the phylogenetic relationships within Lygaeoidea by integrating morphological and biological characteristics
japonicus used in this study were collected from Xinfu District
the specimens were preserved in absolute ethanol at -20 °C
Thoracic muscle tissue from adult insects was extracted following the protocol of the Shanghai Sangon ONE-4-ALL DNA Extraction Kit (BS88504)
DNA quality was assessed using a NanoDrop 2000 nucleic acid analyzer
Qualified samples were sent to Shanghai Personalbio Biotechnology Co.
rRNA genes were determined by referencing published mitochondrial rRNA genes of Blissidae insects and considering their secondary structures
Two replicate Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) runs were performed with the tree and parameter values sampled every 1000 steps over a total of 50 million generations
sample trees were aggregated and 95% highest probability density (95% HPD) was displayed
Sequence data that support the findings of this study have been deposited in the GenBank database with the accession number PP949834
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This research was funded by Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province
grant number 20210302124140 and 202103021224331
and funded by Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi
and funded by the Fund for Shanxi “1331 Project” Improving the quality and efficiency Plan Project subtopic
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sustained an arm injury Monday after his adult daughter allegedly attacked him with a kitchen knife at their house in central Japan
The police arrested Hana Hidaka on suspicion of attempted murder of her father Yoshihiro
by assaulting him with the weapon at around 3 a.m
The police responded to a call by the 33-year-old daughter
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and U30 rider Lesil Yasuda became the winners of the 2024 Japanese Youth Riders Championships held at the Setagaya Equestrian Park at the start of October 2024
The divisions were well filled with fifteen riders in the children and junior age category and twelve young riders
The Juniors and young riders contested the individual test and freestyle to determine the national champion
In Japan the Under 25 Grand Prix division is expanded to include riders up to age 30
At Children level top honours went to Isami Saito aboard Poronociw Will
The pair posted 68,680%in the first round and 69,667% in the evond round to be the stand-out winners for the title
almost 3 percentage points ahead of the reserve champion
Last year Saito was seventh in the 2023 Children Championship
The silver went to championship newcomer Kokomi Matsuoka aboard Gracia with 67,708% and 67,833%
while Mayuko Sato collected bronze aboard the 15-year old Danish warmblood Øgårdens Dior De Luxe (by Sandreo x Zardin Firfod) after scoring 65,972% and 66,667%
Dior de Luxe came from Denmark where he was shown by Mille Larsen Warncke
Mugen Matsushisa on GyemantMugen Matsuhisa and Gyemant have gone from finishing fifth last year at the 2023 Nationals to grabbing the title and the gold medal in 2024
The pair scored 67,696% in the individual test and added a 70,470% freestyle on top for a winning
Last year's bronze medal winner Kenshin Matsuoka climbed to a silver medal spot this year aboard Gracia
while Yuki Kasahara collected bronze with Elevamente
This pair was fourth in the children division in 2023
The three podium place-getters are yet to make their international show debut
Gaito Hidaka on Sir GalantoFor 19-year old Gaito Hidaka the 2024 show season has been a wonderful one as the young rising star not only grabbed the title in the Young Riders division, but also went on to take bronze in the senior Grand Prix Championships in Gotemba
Aboard Chiemi Katayama's 20-year old Hanoverian Sir Galanto (by Stedinger x De Niro) he scored 71,667% in the individual test and 73,975% in the freestyle for the Young Riders' title
Gaito took over the ride on Sir Galanto from Kiichi Harada
"I would like to thank my wonderful partners
the supportive owners and sponsors," Gaito took to Instagram after winning the title
chiropractors and the Hiruzen Horse Park team who always support me."
The silver medal went to 21-year old Marie Yoshida on Grandeur
a 13-year old KWPN gelding by Charmeur x Krack C
who previously shown in europe by Italian Beatrice Arturi before selling to Japan
Last year elder sister Yurie Yoshida became the 2023 Japanese Young Riders Champion on him
This year it was Marie's turn to finish second overall after scoring 68,676% and 70,825%
The bronze went to Yuki Takamatsu on Hermes Der II after posting 67,843% and 70,870%
In the Under 30 Grand Prix division Lesil Yasuda was the only rider to twice crack the sixty percentage barrier to earn the national title
Aboard the 18-year old Dutch warmblood Bernardau (by Uptown x Bustron) she scored 63,392 in the Intermediaire II and 63,587% in the short Grand Prix for the gold medal
Yasuda bought Bernardau in 2023 after he was shown in The Netherlands by Stephanie Peters and Sharon Lubkemann
Lesil trains at the Little Horse Club in Miki and prrofessionally works as an HR consultant in the corporate planning office at Sion Co Ltd
Lesil Yasuda on Bernardau"I can't get enough of my buddy who is too good," said winner Yasuda after the Championships
"I am grateful for the environment I have and will continue to work hard to embrace the next new opportunities
Gotta become a good rider for my buddy real soon."
The silver medal went to Sayuko Kimura on the Palomino Bosco (by Benicio x Quarterback), while Fuga Kitamura got bronze with Luce Di Speranza. Biggest absentee from the Under 25 division was Yurie Yoshida, who opted to ride the senior Championship aboard Dark Diamond
Stalls for Rent at Durondeau Dressage in Peer, Belgium
Exceptionally Well Located Equestrian Facility in Wellington, Florida
Well-built Equestrian Estate With Multiple Business Opportunities in Sweden
Stable Units for Rent at Lotje Schoots' Equestrian Center in Houten (NED)
For Rent: Several Apartments and Stable Wing at High-End Equestrian Facility
Stable Wing Available at Reiterhof Wensing on Dutch/German border
Real Estate: Well-Appointed Country House with Extensive Equestrian Facility in the U.K.
Rémi Blot
Electrifying new Tuesday night drama as Takashi Sorimachi and Yosuke Sugino team up
This gripping entertainment blends the heartwarming essence of a Showa-era detective with the reserved
the two take on cases that have long been shelved and forgotten
digging into mysteries that have almost faded from memory
this marks the exciting return of the renowned “Tuesday 9 p.m.” drama for the first time in 9 years
promising to bring you a dynamic mix of action
With this intriguing pairing and a storyline filled with unexpected twists
A thrilling blend of old-school Showa vibes with a fresh Reiwa twist as these detectives breathe life into cold cases…?
A new tip-off reach the investigation division where buddies Hidaka and Fuwa are stationed…?
is determined to bring the criminal running wild back under the law’s control
Hidaka is summoned by the chief of the first investigation division regarding the body of the victim who had died during an investigation…?
Hidaka finds that the victim’s ex-boyfriend
Hidaka reveals a file titled “HIDE&SEEK” to Fuwa
Inside lies the hidden truth of an unsolved case...?
The OKURA members including Hidaka and Fuwa discover that the Chief of the First Investigation Division
Hidaka and Fuwa reveal to Rinko that there is a file detailing the perpetrator of an unsolved case…?
Hidaka learns that his ex-wife is the perpetrator of the series of police officer murders that occurred ten years ago…?
who was the perpetrator of a series of police officer murders that occurred 10 years ago…?
Fuwa uncovers the shocking truth: Hidaka is the real culprit behind the murder…?
This carpet of over 5,000,000 bright red spider lilies beside the Koma River made it to the list of the top 30 reasons to visit Japan or really
that the Emperor and Empress of Japan came last year to see it for themselves
The entrance fee of ¥300 allows you to walk amongst the flowers and enter the festival area with all day stage events and food and souvenir booths
Kinchakuda is about a 10 minute downhill walk from Koma Station (Seibu Chichibu Line)
Koma Station is a little over an hour from Ikebukuro which makes it an easy day trip
Thousands of people come to see this yearly event and parking spaces are limited
Kinchakuda Manjushage Festival (巾着田曼珠沙華まつり)
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The fifth edition of “Japan’s Erzberg”
the extreme enduro race been held in Hokkaido
the northernmost island in the country which is dosed in snow all winter but becomes a home for enduro in the summer
This year’s Hidaka Rocks was the fourth round of the 2024 Japan Hard Enduro Championship Series
which will feature a total of seven rounds in total
The race format follows that of the Erzbergrodeo in Austria
combining a qualifying time trials on Saturday with a main race on Sunday
2024 Hidaka Rocks Extreme Enduro: Japan’s Erzberg prologue onboard a Yamaha YZ250X
The qualifying race took place on a course of about 5km with a maximum speed exceeding 120km/h
The results of the two time trial runs affected the starting order for the final
The main race takes place in a quarry where rocks formed in the Jurassic Period are collected
100 riders lined up in five rows took on the challenging 11km course
which was completely covered with rocks and had five checkpoints
With a time limit of 2 hours and 30 minutes
many riders in the main race had used up all their time by CP2 or CP3
Despite being more difficult than the previous four editions
14 riders competing for the championship made it to the finish line at the top of the mountain
Fresh from landing on Enduro21 in the middle of the Erzbergrodeo (check around the 10 minute-mark in our YouTube video!)
Tomoki Ogami (Beta) claimed the lead at the beginning of the race but Masatsune Otsuka (Yamaha) took over the lead and continued to extend his lead to win the race
followed by Kouta Harada (KTM) picked off Ogami-san to claim second and third
who is Japan’s Roof of Africa gold class finisher
also crossed finish line with seventh place on his Yamaha four-stroke 450
The town of Hidaka in Hokkaido will also host a traditional international two-day enduro in September. More information here: HTDE Facebook page
Words Credit: Hisashi Haruki | BIG TANK
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Spots
Animal
Hidaka Town in Hokkaido is famous for its horse breeding, and the horses living freely on its ranches have become a hot topic on social media.
This adorable foal lives at Ohisama Farm in Hidaka Town, home to the Monbetsu Racecourse and one of Japan's leading horse-breeding areas. In the spacious grassland, you can interact with the world's smallest horses, known as miniature horses.
The poster, Torosuke, loves Ohisama Farm so much that he visits there once a week. We asked him about the appeal of the farm.
[7 minutes walk from Sapporo Station] Enjoy hot springs, night views, and a full breakfast buffet! A comfortable stay at the 605-room "Sapporo Hotel by Granbell"
[Updated for 2025] A complete guide to accessing Daiwa House Premist Dome (Sapporo Dome) and nearby hotels! Convenient for trips and concerts
[Information on the early opening on April 25th] Sapporo Odori's newest attraction! Floor details and highlights of "4PLA" opening in summer 2025
A hotel in the center of Sapporo with a superb sauna and large public bath! Experience the warmth that is unique to Hokkaido at "Danyuki Sapporo"
[2025 Edition] 7 recommended cherry blossom spots in the Kitami and eastern Hokkaido areas! Enjoy cherry blossom viewing in the great outdoors
[2025 Edition] 10 recommended cherry blossom spots near Asahikawa and the northern Hokkaido area! Enjoy outdoor activities while viewing the cherry blossoms
Seasonal “news” of Hokkaido can be checked by category!
You can check the information of your “town” in one place!
Events” held throughout the province are easy to find and can be saved!
This page has been automatically translated by Google Translate service.
Volume 9 - 2015 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2015.00062
This article is part of the Research TopicIntegration and segregation in sensorimotor processingView all 13 articles
Research regarding crossmodal interactions has garnered much interest in the last few decades
A variety of studies have demonstrated that multisensory information (vision
and so on) can perceptually interact with each other in the spatial and temporal domains
Findings regarding crossmodal interactions in the spatiotemporal domain (i.e.
motion processing) have also been reported
we summarize past and recent findings on spatiotemporal processing in crossmodal interactions regarding perception of the external world
A traditional view regarding crossmodal interactions holds that vision is superior to audition in spatial processing
but audition is dominant over vision in temporal processing
vision is considered to have dominant effects over the other sensory modalities (i.e.
visual capture) in spatiotemporal processing
recent findings demonstrate that sound could have a driving effect on visual motion perception
studies regarding perceptual associative learning reported that
after association is established between a sound sequence without spatial information and visual motion information
the sound sequence could trigger visual motion perception
has also exhibited similar driving effects on visual motion perception
recent brain imaging studies demonstrate that similar activation patterns could be observed in several brain areas
between spatiotemporal information from different sensory modalities
we suggest that multimodal information could mutually interact in spatiotemporal processing in the percept of the external world and that common perceptual and neural underlying mechanisms would exist for spatiotemporal processing
In our daily life, we receive dynamic inputs to multiple modalities from, for example, moving cars, the face of a friend with whom we are conversing, and so on. While a large amount of inputs continue to change uniquely in each sensory modality, we can perceive them as integrated, coherent objects, or scenes. Our perceptual systems appropriately and flexibly associate and integrate these inputs (Ernst and Bülthoff, 2004)
thus enabling us to establish coherent and robust percepts of the external world in our brains
the findings regarding spatiotemporal processing of crossmodal interactions have been updated in recent years
we summarize past and recent findings of spatiotemporal processing in crossmodal interactions
we briefly review some key findings of spatial and temporal processing in crossmodal interactions
we focus on the literature on spatiotemporal processing in crossmodal interactions
including psychophysical and brain imaging findings
Schematic illustrations of spatial and temporal ventriloquism effects
(A) In a typical spatial ventriloquism effect
the spatial position of sound sources is perceived as that of visual sources
the temporal position of visual sources perceptually shifts to that of sound sources in a typical temporal ventriloquism effect
Crossmodal interactions in the spatial domain other than with vision have also been reported. For example, sound could affect tactile distance perception (Tajadura-Jiménez et al., 2012)
Observers were exposed to a situation where sound locations were always moderately far away relative to the tapped position of their arm
the perceived distance of the tactile sensations on the observer's arm was greater than the actual stimulated positions by the sound presentations
Crossmodal interactions have been also investigated not only in two-dimensional, but also in three-dimensional spaces (see Van der Stoep et al., 2015 for a review). For instance, Sugita and Suzuki (2003) reported that the timing of a perceived co-occurrence between light and sound was changed as a function of the distance between the observer and the light
This suggests that the brain compensates for temporal lag using viewing distance information
as if it “knows” the physical rule that the traveling velocity of light is faster than that of sound in space
the understanding of crossmodal interaction in the spatial domain has been updated in recent years
Summary of psychophysical research evidences of crossmodal motion perception
These findings indicate that sound can modulate the perception of visual motion through changes in the interpretation of a visual event or by temporal ventriloquism effects
Schematic illustrations of audiovisual illusions in motion perception
Two visual stimuli moving toward each other at the same vertical location are perceived to overlap at the center and then to continue moving along their trajectories
Both streaming and bouncing percepts occur equally without auditory information
when a transient sound is presented at the timing of the visual coincidence
This is a typical auditory modulatory effect on visual motion perception
(B) Auditory aftereffects induced by visual adaptation
The adaptation to visual size changes (e.g.
expansion) induces not only size change aftereffects for the visual test stimulus with constant size (shrinking)
but also loudness change aftereffects for the auditory stimuli with constant loudness (decreasing in loudness)
The involvement of motion processing could be assumed in this phenomenon because both auditory and visual stimuli are assumed to demonstrate motion in depth
The effect from audition to vision is not reported to occur
the adaptation to visual size changes alone could induce the auditory loudness change of a steady sound in the opposite direction of the visual adapting stimuli
both auditory and visual stimuli are assumed to signify motion in depth and the aftereffect is considered to occur purely at perceptual levels
These findings thus suggest that visual motion information could directly affect or induce auditory motion perceptions
the auditory loudness change did not have any modulatory or inducing effect on visual aftereffects
have concluded that common perceptual mechanisms and shared neural substrates for different sensory information exist in motion perception
They have also suggested that vision is superior to other sensory information in crossmodal interactions in motion perception
because sounds did not have such capturing effects on vision
Schematic illustrations of dynamic visual capture and sound-induced visual motion
When the motion direction of apparent motion is incongruent between visual and auditory stimuli
the direction of auditory apparent motion is perceived as congruent with that of visual apparent motion
The opposite effect is reported less often
Visual flashes presented at a fixed position are perceived as moving horizontally when auditory stimuli are presented in horizontal motion
This is the first demonstration of an auditory driving effect on visual motion perception
We can therefore predict that auditory information could have capturing or inducing effects on visual motion perception in this situation
the effect is considered to be purely based on perceptual motion processing
These findings could extend the suggestions originally proposed by Soto-Faraco et al
Different sensory information flexibly and adequately cooperates with each other based on the reliability and saliency of information under common perceptual mechanisms and shared neural substrates in motion perception
we could predict that arbitrary crossmodal associations could be established in motion perception as well
the exposure to auditory pitch changes and lower-order visual motion induced the association effect only for lower-order visual motion perception
These findings indicate that motion processing plays a key factor in the establishment of crossmodal associations in motion perception
Schematic illustrations of perceptual associative learning between a sound sequence and visual apparent motion
After a 3 min exposure (adaptation) to a paired presentation of sound with arbitrary pitch changes [higher (H) to lower (L)] and visual horizontal apparent motion (leftward motion)
the sounds began to induce visual apparent motion in the previously exposed manner
under the establishment of associations in crossmodal spatiotemporal processing
some lower level of processing could be involved such as subthreshold processing
and the processing of frequency band and receptive fields
They presented changes in smells (banana and fennel) with a visual global motion display
the smells affected the perceived direction of the visual global motion display
This result suggests that crossmodal associative learning in spatiotemporal processing is not limited to audio-visual domains
but could generally occur among a variety of sensory pairs
Recent findings clearly suggest that new perceptual associations could be established between arbitrary inputs through crossmodal spatiotemporal processing
each sensory input affects the percept of the other one as if “replaying” the associated relationship
The association effects are assumed not to be limited to particular sensory combinations
but have sharp selectivity in each sensory modality
These findings suggest that perceptual associative learning is one of the most plausible underlying mechanisms to establish common perceptual and neural mechanisms in crossmodal spatiotemporal processing
crossmodal motion information could activate from higher sensory association areas (e.g.
the intraparietal and superior temporal sulcus) to a relatively lower motion processing areas (e.g.
V5/MT area) and primary sensory areas related to motion processing
The activation patterns in these areas are also assumed to be variable depending on the congruency of motion signals
we overviewed recent literatures regarding perceptual aspects and functional brain characteristics related to crossmodal spatiotemporal processing
we discuss possible linkages between these aspects
Schematic illustrations of neural bases of crossmodal motion perception
Interactions of motion information across sensory modalities could occur in V5/MT and association areas and induce negative aftereffects
it could be assumed that some lower levels of brain representation and processing areas
play key roles for the establishment of new neural representations regarding the associations of motion information and arbitrary information without motion signals with positive aftereffects
We could assume that the area involved in motion processing (V5/MT area) would be the potential brain region where new neural representations for crossmodal motion processing are formed in crossmodal positive motion aftereffects
These would indicate that lower cortical regions such as primary sensory areas and/or subcortical regions could play key roles for crossmodal motion processing
Consistent with the suggestions from many crossmodal studies
lower and higher brain regions and bottom-up and top-down processing would be mutually and closely involved in crossmodal interactions in spatiotemporal processing
we encapsulated the recent evidence regarding crossmodal interactions in spatiotemporal processing (i.e.
The traditional view in crossmodal studies has regarded the dominant effects of vision over the other sensory modalities (i.e.
had been assumed to have only modulatory effects on crossmodal motion perception
recent findings clearly demonstrate that sound and motor action could have a driving effect on visual motion perception
specifically when the visibility of the visual stimuli was degraded
Studies regarding perceptual associative learning have further reported that an association could be established between sounds without spatial information and visual motion information by a 3 min exposure
the sounds acquired a driving effect on visual motion perception
Other sensory information (smell) was also reported to have similar driving effects on visual motion perception
Crossmodal interactions studies at neural levels demonstrate that activation in lower and higher cortical brain regions
including the area related to visual motion processing
is commonly modulated by crossmodal motion information
The perceptual associative learning effects also indicate that arbitrary
unrelated crossmodal spatiotemporal information could interact if prior knowledge/experiences of integration are formed between them
These indicate that perceptual associative learning is one of the most plausible underlying mechanisms to establish common perceptual and neural representations of crossmodal spatiotemporal processing in the brain
the generalization and validity of the existing evidence regarding crossmodal spatiotemporal processing should be confirmed by focusing on crossmodal interactions excluding vision
Detailed investigation regarding the process of establishing neural substrates through perceptual associative learning is also necessary
when and where do new neural substrates appear in the brain during perceptual associative learning
Which brain areas begin to activate and how does the amount of neural activity change over time
Does the perceptual aftereffect shift from positive to negative along with the development of forming neural representations
Answers to these questions could contribute to an understanding of the manner in which the brain acquires perceptual and neural bases for crossmodal interactions in spatiotemporal processing
could distort the percept of auditory space
Further investigation of this aspect could contribute to e comprehensive understanding of the influence of crossmodal interactions in spatiotemporal
SH and WT are involved in literature search
and YS are involved in the interpretations of findings and the writing of the paper including figures and tables
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
This research was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (No
26285160) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
No direction-specific bimodal facilitation for audiovisual motion detection
The ventriloquist effect results from near-optimal bimodal integration
Auditory motion direction encoding in auditory cortex and high-level visual cortex
Capture of auditory motion by vision is represented by an activation shift from auditory to visual motion cortex
Vestibular system: the many facets of a multimodal sense
doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125555
Neural correlates of coherent audiovisual motion perception
Attending to visual or auditory motion affects perception within and across modalities: an event-related potential study
Effects of some variations in auditory input upon visual choice reaction time
Neural synergy between kinetic vision and touch
Polymodal motion processing in posterior parietal and premotor cortex: a human fMRI study strongly implies equivalencies between humans and monkeys
Feeling what you hear: auditory signals can modulate tactile tap perception
Visual properties of neurons in a polysensory area in superior temporal sulcus of the macaque
Crossmodal processing in the human brain: insights from functional neuroimaging studies
Looming signals reveal synergistic principles of multisensory integration
Multisensory interplay reveals crossmodal influences on ‘sensory-specific’ brain regions
Attention and the crossmodal construction of space
Learning to integrate arbitrary signals from vision and touch
Humans integrate visual and haptic information in a statistically optimal fashion
Receptive-field properties of neurons in middle temporal visual area (MT) of owl monkeys
PubMed Abstract | Google Scholar
The temporal cross-capture of audition and vision
Fooling the eyes: the influence of a sound-induced visual motion illusion on eye movements
Direction of visual apparent motion driven solely by timing of a static sound
“Multisensory timing,” in The New Handbook of Multisensory Processing
Audio–tactile superiority over visuo–tactile and audio–visual combinations in the temporal resolution of synchrony perception
A common perceptual temporal limit of binding synchronous inputs across different sensory attributes and modalities
PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text
On discriminating the rate of visual flicker and auditory flutter
The effect of brief auditory stimuli on visual apparent motion
Oscillatory mechanisms underlying the enhancement of visual motion perception by multisensory congruency
doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.11.005
The functional organization of the intraparietal sulcus in humans and monkeys
Tactile motion activates the human middle temporal/V5 (MT/V5) complex
Demonstration of cue recruitment: change in visual appearance by means of Pavlovian conditioning
Alternation of sound location induces visual motion perception of a static object
Effect of pitch-space correspondence on sound-induced visual motion perception
Sound-contingent visual motion aftereffect
Auditory motion information drives visual motion perception
Google Scholar
Audiovisual associations alter the perception of low-level visual motion
Motor-induced visual motion: hand movements driving visual motion perception
0+1 > 1: How adding noninformative sound improves performance on a visual task
Benefits of stimulus congruency for multisensory facilitation of visual learning
Indiscriminable sounds determine the direction of visual motion
Sound frequency and aural selectivity in sound-contingent visual motion aftereffect
Motion aftereffects transfer between touch and vision
Körding
Causal inference in multisensory perception
Visuotactile motion congruence enhances gamma-band activity in visual and somatosensory cortices
Smelling directions: olfaction modulates ambiguous visual motion perception
Compression of auditory space during rapid head turns
A comparison of visual and auditory motion processing in human cerebral cortex
Changing pitch induced visual motion illusion
Dynamic visual capture: apparent auditory motion induced by a moving visual target
Cross-modal integration of auditory and visual motion signals
Parameter learning but not structure learning: a Bayesian network model of constraints on early perceptual learning
Auditory capture of vision: examining temporal ventriloquism
The neural bases of multisensory processes
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Audio–visual interactions for motion perception in depth modulate activity in visual area V3A
Cross-correlation between auditory and visual signals promotes multisensory integration
When correlation implies causation in multisensory integration
Auditory–visual interaction and the timing of inputs
Motion and shape perception in cerebral akinetopsia
Preperceptual and stimulus-selective enhancement of low-level human visual cortex excitability by sounds
Direction of visual apparent motion driven by perceptual organization of cross-modal signals
Spatiotemporal interactions between audition and touch depend on hand posture
Multimodal motion processing in area V5/MT: evidence from an artificial class of audio-visual events
Remembering visual motion: neural correlates of associative plasticity and motion recall in cortical area MT
Simultaneous and independent acquisition of multisensory and unisensory associations
Multisensory contributions to the perception of motion
The ventriloquist in motion: illusory capture of dynamic information across sensory modalities
Cross-modal dynamic capture: congruency effects in the perception of motion across sensory modalities
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Just how important is spatial coincidence to multisensory integration
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Vision contingent auditory pitch aftereffects
Visual motion perception induced by sounds in vertical plane
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Motion distorts visual space: shifting the perceived position of remote stationary objects
Coherent global motion percepts from stochastic local motions
The integration of auditory and visual motion signals at threshold
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Spatially congruent visual motion modulates activity of the primary auditory cortex
Teramoto W and Sugita Y (2015) Spatiotemporal Processing in Crossmodal Interactions for Perception of the External World: A Review
Received: 30 September 2015; Accepted: 03 December 2015; Published: 22 December 2015
Copyright © 2015 Hidaka, Teramoto and Sugita. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)
distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted
provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited
in accordance with accepted academic practice
distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms
*Correspondence: Souta Hidaka, aGlkYWthQHJpa2t5by5hYy5qcA==; Wataru Teramoto, dGVyYW1vdG9Aa3VtYW1vdG8tdS5hYy5qcA==
†These authors have contributed equally to this work
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations
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The police arrested Hana on suspicion of attempting to murder her 61-year-old father
by attacking him with with a kitchen knife around 3 a.m
The police arrived at the scene in response to an emergency call from Hana
who claimed she had been beaten by her father
They said she had made another call at 5:30 p.m
prompting them to visit the house afterward
The police said that Yoshihiro sustained a minor injury to his left arm
as reported by Japanese news website TokyoReporter
Yamaha Motor said it would not comment on the case
citing its private nature and the ongoing investigation
the Iwata-based firm manufactures a wide variety of motorized products
Email: evne@vnexpress.netTel: 028 7300 9999 - Ext 8556
PR
Spots
Animal
"Hokkaido Racecourse" is a local racecourse run by the Hokkaido Prefectural Government
It is held at Monbetsu Racecourse in Hidaka Town
one of the world's leading horse-breeding areas
and the 2025 season will begin on Wednesday
Horse racing in Hokkaido has a long history
and foreigners who were involved in the development of Hokkaido during the Meiji period built racecourses in Sapporo and other areas
These became the roots of modern horse racing
national horse racing (Central Horse Racing) and local horse racing (municipal horse racing
prefectural horse racing) were held all over the prefecture
but currently the only local horse racing events held in Hokkaido are the "Ban'ei Horse Racing" in Obihiro City and the "Hokkaido Horse Racing" here in Hidaka Town
Monbetsu Racecourse has a 1600m clockwise course and is close to the Polaris☆Stand
you can get much closer to the horses than at other racecourses
You can watch the excitement of the horses up close
The Grand Chariot Nighter will be held for the entire 85-day period
and the setting sun shines on the curves of the stand
you can enjoy Monbetsu Racecourse's original Jingisukan
served in a metal bucket with a Jingisukan pot on top
The meat is the "Original Hidaka Jingisukan" sold by Takayanagi Shoten in Hidaka Town
and you can also enjoy it at the outdoor tables on sunny days
Genghis Khan set requires advance reservation
Izumi Shokudo is famous for its thick country soba noodles made with buckwheat flour from Tokachi
They serve a variety of Hokkaido ingredients
and the restaurant serves meals packed with the delicious flavors of Hokkaido
head to the Asian restaurant "Lumbini Food Cafe"
and other dishes are all authentic and not to be missed
The official goods shop in Tonekko Square sells a variety of original goods
There are notebooks with the jockeys' faces printed on them
There are also goods featuring the original characters Tenta and Maki
there is a box with the words "Losing Ticket Memorial Box" written on the side
but a box for memorializing losing tickets at the shrine after the season ends
This is a service that any horse racing fan would be happy to receive
Many events will be held to coincide with the opening of Hokkaido horse racing
Former professional baseball player Kenji Sugiya
who has been appointed as the official ambassador for Hokkaido Racecourse 2025
He is scheduled to make a guest appearance at the opening ceremony and in the live broadcast studio
A ceremony to celebrate the opening of the season is held before the first race
Don't miss the moment when the sake barrel is opened
the first 300 people will receive a "Hokkaido Horse Racing 2025 Racing Calendar," "Hokkaido Furano Hop Carbonated Water," and "Red and White Mochi"
the first 300 people to arrive at the Tonekko Square special tent will receive an original towel as a gift
including the local gourmet dish "Tsubu Kushi." Also
there will be a food truck set up at a special booth near the paddock
Jockey muffler towels will be on sale from 2024
and jockey stuffed toys will be on sale from 2025
there's plenty to enjoy on the opening day besides watching the races
Hidaka Town is also full of ranch spots where you can interact with horses
Hidaka Town is not only home to Monbetsu Racecourse
but also has many other tourist attractions unique to the "town of horses." There are so many attractive facilities where you can interact with horses that it would be a shame to just come to watch the races
Here we will introduce some noteworthy ranch spots in Hidaka Town that are perfect for families and animal lovers
A petting ranch that specializes in miniature horses
This is the only place where you can interact with them directly
Miniature horses are the smallest horses in the world
standing 83.7cm tall and weighing around 80kg when fully grown
Come and spend some relaxing time with the many miniature horses
This is a ranch where you can observe retired race horses
The ranch also has accommodation where you can spend time surrounded by horses
They also sell a variety of original goods
such as beauty serum made from thoroughbred placenta
A portion of the sales will be donated to the retired horses
a free shuttle bus runs from the north exit of JR Sapporo Station
there is also a free shuttle from Monbetsu Racecourse to "Yogibo Versailles Resort Farm (Wednesdays only)"
Get closer to Hokkaido Racecourse and the unique spots of this horse breeding region
About the "Free Shuttle Bus from/to the North Exit of JR Sapporo Station"
Seasonal “news” of Hokkaido can be checked by category
You can check the information of your “town” in one place
Events” held throughout the province are easy to find and can be saved
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Mari Asaka is an ordinary high school student attending an ordinary school when she meets Tsunagu Hidaka
newly attending her school as part of an integration program; most beastfolk live in a walled-off section of the city
but can their love bloom in a world where beastfolk are second-class citizens
Our Love Will Make It Through is translated by Alethea Nibley and Athena Nibley and lettered by Greg Deng
Tsunagu Hidaka's race is also a way for the story to explore racism and human treatment of someone they perceive as Other
The story takes place in a world where beastfolk were genetically engineered (for unclear or unstated purposes) quite some time ago
living inside walled areas within cities with tight security; Tsunagu is shown having to show some form of ID in order to leave to go to school
the high school our leads attend is taking part in a new integration program
where students from beastfolk schools will be allowed to enroll in human schools
While it won't conjure up this image for everyone
it will absolutely remind some American readers of school integration efforts during the Civil Rights era
and I think that's deliberate on Yuzuki's part
Tsunagu faces discrimination from his first day in the classroom
with students targeting him because of his race
and some attempting to get him expelled or “encouraging” him to leave
Alongside this overt discrimination we have scenes such as Mari bringing Tsunagu home with her after he falls into the river; her mother isn't cruel to him
but she is visibly shocked and clearly uncomfortable at first
Mari and Tsunagu first meet when they're both running late for school and have to climb over a low wall to get there on time
Mari offers to help before she sees Tsunagu's fluffy dog face
and she is taken aback when she realizes that this beastboy is wearing her school uniform
But she quickly realizes that he's just a bigger
furrier version of the boys she already knows
and this allows her to become one of his first allies at school
is willing to engage in a friendly way with Tsunagu
and while other students may act like they accept him
little events show that they're not as comfortable or happy as they pretend – for example
when Tsunagu takes first place in the exams
a female classmate is furious because she wanted that rank
but that her first instinct is to lash out at the one student who it feels “safe” to hate is still telling
The issues with the narrative are solely confined to the romance plot
and if you take out the way that Tsunagu looks
they're really just the same problems people have had with YA romance for quite some time
that means that there are elements of Tsunagu and Mari's burgeoning relationship that feel distinctly unhealthy
Largely this comes down to him forcing himself on her because he simply can't help himself
there is an extra layer here in that he has “beastlike” instincts; he's started school in May rather than April because of beastfolk's mating season
Yuzuki is clearly trying to shield these controversial romance tropes behind the trappings of another genre
Tsunagu licks and bites sexual(ized) areas of Mari's body while she tells him no
and he's fully aware that this is not acceptable behavior
shielded by the idea that he wants her so much that he can't stop
This plays directly into what scholars Megan K
Bonomi call “the virgin-beast trope” in their 2020 essay “Love Hurts?: Identifying Abuse in the Virgin-Beast Trope of Popular Romantic Fiction” in Journal of Family Violence
“Popular romantic fiction … often portrays a submissive/virginal female character and an aggressive/beastly male character
This binary portrayal of heterosexual relationships is problematic because it presents a power imbalance within the couple as essential for romance.” While there are many more egregious examples of the trope
it's hard to deny that the romance plot of this volume plays right into it
and it's not only a trope some readers dislike
it's also one that is controversial when used in young adult fiction
if you enjoy that trope or are looking for a furry/human romance in general
There are some confusing elements of the art – apart from his face and tail
it doesn't really look like Tsunagu has fur all over his body
especially since we can see his very human fingernails – but scenes of him unconsciously wagging his tail are adorable
The translation does its best to highlight the racial inequality message
Yuzuki's art does its best to lean into that
Our Love Will Make it Through isn't for everyone
Full encyclopedia details aboutKimi to Koete Koi ni Naru (manga)
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Tokyo
Kinchakuda Manjushage Park in Saitama prefecture’s Hidaka city is one of the best places near Tokyo to see red spider lilies
also known as higanbana or manjushage in Japanese
With about five million of these unique flowers expected to bloom around this time of year
the sprawling Saitama park will be bringing back its annual autumn flower festival from September 18
the warmer-than-usual weather this year delayed the growth and the blooming of the flowers
as such the festival has been extended until October 9
And that's perfect because the red spider lilies are now approaching full bloom and this weekend's the best time to go see them
Aside from fields of beautiful scarlet red spider lilies
you’ll also find booths at the festival selling a variety of local food and drinks as well as souvenirs
As this is one of Japan's largest concentrations of red spider lilies
especially on these dates: September 28-29 and October 5-6
It takes about 90 minutes from Ikebukuro Station to Koma Station on the Seibu Ikebukuro line; from there
it’s a 15-minute walk to the park.
Kinchakuda Manjushage Park is open from 9am to 4.30pm
Entry costs ¥500 per person (free for junior high school students and younger children)
To all photographers and Instagrammers who’re planning to shoot photos and videos
note that you’re not allowed to set up tripods at the park
In the mean time, you can keep an eye on the flowering status of the spider lilies via the event website and Instagram Stories.This article was originally published on August 25 2022 and updated on October 2 2024
Here’s the official 2024 autumn leaves forecast for Japan – updated
A zombie shinkansen is running from Tokyo to Osaka this month
Two typhoons are approaching Japan this week
teamLab opens a new permanent exhibition at a rice terrace in Ibaraki
This Japanese restaurant chain is serving deep-fried KitKat
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Watching Neo Sora’s debut feature “Happyend,” a coming-of-age film set in the near future
I was reminded of stories I’d heard from my wife about her Tokyo high school
which was shut down for weeks in the turbulent 1960s by student protesters
But instead of battling cops on the streets
she served as the president of a Beatles fan club and saw “A Hard Day’s Night” about 30 times
the film draws a similar contrast between social turmoil outside the confines of an upscale urban high school as a major earthquake looms and the personal lives of its students
from a practical joke they play to annoy their principal (a wonderfully caustic Shiro Sano) to the tight but troubled friendship of the two main protagonists.googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1499653692894-0'); });
the film’s kids view potential disaster and present oppression by shadowy xenophobic authorities with something less than life-or-death urgency
as though they were seeing it from inside a bubble
This makes their semi-dystopian world and its discontents feel more like metaphors than anything present and real
The official website for the new anime of Rumiko Takahashi's Ranma 1/2 manga announced on Saturday that singer-songwriter Riria. is performing the anime's ending theme song "Anta Nante." Riria
She recalled mulling over Ranma and Akane's back-and-forth repartee
and came up with this song that represents their aggravating relationship
Director Kōnosuke Uda drew the illustration below to thank Riria
for this song that "wonderfully portrays Akane's feelings when she is upset by Ranma":
Akane's voice actress Noriko Hidaka said she felt like crying when she heard the song's lyrics "Anta Nante," and asked fans to look forward to experiencing feelings for Akane after 35 years
when the ending plays after the first episode
Ano will perform the anime's opening theme song
Twelve episodes of the new anime were leaked
Takahashi debuted the manga in Shogakukan's Weekly Shōnen Sunday magazine in August 1987
Viz Media released the original anime on VHS
Sources: New Ranma 1/2 anime's website, Comic Natalie
announced management changes effective October 1
was stabbed at home last September and requested to resign
which also included those of Chief Executive Officer and Representative Director of the Company
were taken over on October 1 by Katsuaki Watanabe
who continues to serve as chairman and representative director
Motofumi Shitara was appointed as Executive Vice President and representative director
while also holding the position of Senior Executive Officer and Director
Yamaha is complying with Japanese laws regarding the stipulated number of directors
despite not hiring any external individuals
Can-Am is returning to its roots in motorcycles
and its two models have been honored with the Red Dot Design Award – adding to the iF Design Award...
BMW Motorrad has unveiled the new R 1300 RS
a major evolution of its boxer-engine sport touring lineup
Royal Alloy Japan has unveiled a limited-edition version of its classic scooter
dubbed the “Royal Alloy JPS Edition.” Drawing from the iconic livery of the 1970s Lotus F1..
Triumph Motorcycles Japan held a nationwide contest for customised DAYTONA 660 bikes
Acerbis has recently launched the new Assault – a helmet designed for riders to take on the asphalt with no limits or venture into off-road terrain
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A shocking incident shook the city of Iwata
president of renowned motorcycle manufacturer Yamaha Motor
was allegedly assaulted by his own daughter in the early hours of Monday morning
the attack took place at around 3am at the family home
was arrested by the authorities on suspicion of attempted murder
it has not been disclosed whether the suspect has confessed to the crime
The incident was preceded by an emergency call made by Hana on Sunday afternoon
claiming to have been assaulted by her father
The authorities responded to the call by visiting the residence
the police received another emergency call
Yamaha Motor has refrained from commenting on the case
calling it a private matter and citing the ongoing investigation
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National Report
Hokkaido--India native Rizwan Alam rises at 4 a.m
as an employee of Mishima Stud here to begin his work
He then rides on the back of a yearling that he is responsible for
Alam is tasked with training horses to ride with humans
he returns to a dormitory near the stable to eat lunch with his family
which is said to be India's national sport
Alam communicates with Japanese in broken English
Indian colleagues interpret for him to provide explanations in his native tongue
“He is firmly determined to take care of his entire family,” said Kenta Fujii
“He is diligent and respects his superiors--a feature that may be common among Indians
They have strong ties and care for each other while on duty.”
One of every 30 residents is now Indian in Urakawa
which is Japan’s most renowned thoroughbred-producing area
A staggering 80 percent of racehorses are produced in the Hidaka region of Hokkaido
Urakawa is particularly famous as a leading production area in Hidaka
A national breeding farm was installed in Urakawa during the Meiji Era (1868-1912)
the five-time champion Shinzan is especially noted as the superstar of the Showa Era (1926-1989)
the shortage of labor in the horseracing industry has accelerated over the last 10 years or so
Urakawa thus started inviting and hiring skilled trainers from Southeast Asia and Africa
A rapidly growing number of farms reportedly began employing Indian trainers
after word spread that their work styles and personalities are ideal for positions in Urakawa
Starting from 2014 when there were no Indian workers in Urakawa
their number reached 371 by the end of October 2024
Alam hails from Bihar state in northern India
one of the poorest regions across the nation
the sport of riding horses and hitting a ball with sticks
He served as a trainer for nine years in Qatar
Hearing from a friend in Urakawa that his “salary can go up 20,000 yen ($128) to 30,000 yen” more than what he was making
Alam came to Japan in 2022 to show off his skills in the “slightly cold but pleasant destination.”
Alam found many of the comforts of home and a supportive community for Indian immigrants
A grocery store offers a range of spices in Urakawa
which are distributed by local governments to expectant mothers
Urakawa town released a maternal and child-health handbook in Hindi
A local supermarket is expanding its lineup of milk
yogurt and other items Indians typically buy in bulk
Bharat Restaurant is characterized by a noticeable yellow sign among horse farms
recommends curries with a spice level of 2 or 3 for Japanese guests
while Indian patrons often prefer level 10
Finding Indian features in every corner of the town
Alam invited his family to Urakawa a year earlier
A remaining challenge is the language barrier
Mothers from India often return to their homeland for educational purposes when their children turn 5 years old
said he is worried about the future of his offspring as well
“I want him to study in Urakawa but feel at the same time that an English school is necessary,” said Alam
“English education is important in particular in India.”
People from the major South Asian country with the world's largest population of more than 1.4 billion speak not only the official language of Hindi but also Marwari and other minor languages
As many as 21 languages are officially recognized as state tongues in the Constitution to reflect the nation’s diverse ethnic groups and religions
Minakshi Soni arrived in the town last August under the Japan Exchange and Teaching (JET) Program
aiming to promote foreign language education and global interactions in the local municipality
came from a town in Rajasthan state in India
As she was raised by her Marwari-speaking father who was a goldwork artisan
Soni became enchanted by the beauty of a Japan-made light green vase treated with gold during her childhood
Soni started attending a weekly Japanese language class
She spent six years passing the advanced level of a Japanese language test
securing a Japanese teacher post at a junior high school in India
a friend informed Soni about a “job offer that best suits you.” Soni therefore decided to head for Urakawa
Soni currently serves as an interpreter for Indians who show up at the town office for tax consultations
She likewise translates the municipality’s notices
“I am happy to be able to support Indians in Japan
as I had longed to work in the country for many years,” said Soni
Another mission of Soni is assisting in Indian kids’ learning
She goes to an elementary school in Urakawa twice a week where two Indian children are enrolled
Though a first-grade boy who came to Japan last spring has gradually become able to understand the Japanese spoken by his teacher at the primary school
Soni stressed that further support is essential
Her reasoning is that Indian parents frequently do not use Japanese
making it difficult for children to receive help with their assignments at home
“My hope is teaching Japanese for adults as well as children,” said Soni
Soni's latest endeavor is offering a weekly Hindi lesson for Japanese
“I would like both Japanese and Indians to learn from one another to further deepen friendship,” she said
Her journey as a liaison between India and Urakawa has just started
as the JET program lasts for up to five years
Foreign workers the winning ticket at horse racing stables
Forget stereotype and explore the real India
Nishi-Kasai’s Little India is a model of expat integration
Ranch aims to save as many retired horses as possible
Information on the latest cherry blossom conditions
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A series based on diplomatic documents declassified by Japan’s Foreign Ministry
Here is a collection of first-hand accounts by “hibakusha” atomic bomb survivors
chefs and others involved in the field of food introduce their special recipes intertwined with their paths in life
A series about Japanese-Americans and their memories of World War II
In-house News and Messages
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Research Division Hospital for Special Surgery
Weill Medical College of Cornell University
For more publications, please see the PubMed listing
One of the goals of HSS is to advance the science of orthopedic surgery
and related disciplines for the benefit of patients
Research staff at HSS may collaborate with outside companies for education
HSS supports this collaboration in order to foster medical breakthroughs; however
HSS also believes that these collaborations must be disclosed
this website lists Research staff collaborations with outside companies if the Research staff member received any payment during the prior year or expects to receive any payment in the next year
The disclosures are based on information provided by the Research staff and other sources and are updated regularly
Current ownership interests and leadership positions are also listed
Further information may be available on individual company websites
Hidaka reported no relationships with healthcare industry
By disclosing the collaborations of HSS Research staff with industry on this website
HSS and its Research staff make this information available to patients and the public
thus creating a transparent environment for those who are interested in this information
the HSS Conflicts of Interest Policy does not permit payment of royalties on products developed by him/her that are used on patients at HSS
This story is part of a series spotlighting Seattle University student clubs
In this installment we go inside the Hidako Taiko club
one of more than 100 student-run clubs on campus
there are several cultural clubs on campus including Hidaka Taiko
a club intended to spread the joy and culture of taiko drumming to the campus community
Taiko is a traditional form of Japanese drumming traced back to the 6th century CE and has been ringing loud ever since
Having such a strong Japanese cultural presence on campus
an SU Japanese exchange student decided to first form the club in 2017 and the group has grown considerably in popularity since
“Hidaka Taiko has allowed me the privilege to become a part of an immensely encouraging community and I have made connections with amazing people
who I would have never met otherwise,” says club member Catherine Smead
“Once I joined Hidaka in the Fall of 2020
my passion for the art grew immensely and I hope to continue playing even after my time at SU comes to a close.”
When I asked the club to describe themselves in one word
they answered “driven” and given the intense workload they put on themselves
Club members practice three times a week intensive drills to improve their form
Because they are a student-run cultural entertainment club
they are invited to perform at many on-campus events including during games
"I love Hidaka Taiko because it is a club that serves as a creative outlet
I can push myself to be better because I know I have supportive people around me that will always encourage me,” says club member Katlyn Wong
“I got to fulfill a childhood wish with this club and I really couldn’t have asked for a better taiko group to start with and learn from
It’s a home I can always come back to.”
Hidaka Taiko struggled to retain members throughout COVID
they have slowly rebuilt their club to its pre-pandemic form
including welcoming promising new members that will keep up the beautiful tradition of taiko drumming
Copyright © document.write(new Date().getFullYear()) Seattle University
they take us around a tour of the famous Hidaka Washi factory in Japan known for making the world’s thinnest paper
one company is taking paper thinner than it’s ever been before
using methods that date back a thousand years
The paper is then sent to museums and libraries around the world—including the British Museum and the Library of Congress—and is used to restore and protect books and works of art,” says the video’s description
The company claims their work is focused on the theme of “Washi” not just papermaking
which is reflected in the firm’s name
“Hidaka Washi originated as the TENGU Export Paper Union in 1949 with 10 paper-making craftsmen living in a valley called Kusaka
hand-made tengu was popular for export as typewriter paper,” explains the company’s about section
Hidaka Washi has maintained the traditional handmade papermaking techniques employed by those early craftsmen but also improved and refined them with the latest technologies
“Since the era of handmade Japanese Paper
we have concentrated on making washi by applying traditional skills and methods to meet the demands of the times,” claims the firm
Via: Great Big Story
Premium
Japanese version
Late spring cruising through the mountains around Okutama in a rally car (of sorts)
Fuji rising up into the clouds like a stoic giant covered in ice cream
Well let me take it up a notch by joining Hidaka-san and his friends as they tour their classic Porsches through mountain passes of Kanagawa and into Yamamashi
I was invited by Hidaka-san to join the NPSC (Narrow Porsche Sports Club) touring day a few months back
and since then I’d been counting down the days
I was instructed to meet the group at 8:00am sharp at Omugishiro Parking Area on the shore of Lake Okutama
With its proximity to Tokyo and stunning mountain scenery
The vibe at Omugishiro Parking Area was super chill, and with 21 classic Porsches in the group it was hard to find a bad photo. There were plenty of other interesting cars out for a drive too, and I took a quick look around here
After we spent a good half hour or so soaking up the morning atmosphere, Hidaka-san entered the next location into my Google Maps app and we set off in convoy. Last in the procession of these perfectly maintained air-cooled Porsches, my Impreza must have looked very sad indeed
Some of you may be familiar with Hidaka-san’s Porsche from Blake’s feature back in 2018
there have been plenty of updates since then
I thought it was worth catching up with Hidaka-san again and checking out the new look of the car
Once we started winding our way through the mountains
I really began to feel like part of the family
engine layout is pretty much where the similarities end between the 911s and my Impreza
although Porsche was actually quite successful in the world of rally too
most of the classic drivers were distinguished gentlemen who have perhaps retired and are indulging in some well-earned driving time
But there were a couple of younger participants in the group too
including this guy who looked a proper bad-ass with his crew cut
At the next parking area I started mounting up my camera rig
The other drivers found this incredibly entertaining; I’m pretty certain they had never seen a foreigner strap a camera to the front of an Impreza before
I started changing positions of the rig to get some more rolling shots of Hidaka-san’s Porsche
The other guys milled around stretching their legs
but in the process Hidaka-san and I had fallen away from the group
We packed up the camera gear and agreed that we should catch back up to the pack
Even though we knew the photos would be great
I think we both felt a sense of release to be able to relax and just enjoy some driving
The exhaust note of Hidaka-san’s Porsche was really beautiful
but most impressive was the speed he carried through the corners
the sun was out and it was lovely and warm
It wasn’t until I got out of the car that I realised we had arrived at a vineyard
wine tasting was off the table for all drivers
Japan has a zero tolerance to drink driving
which is probably why so many cars stay on the road unscathed for so long here
For those of you who dabble in the joys of the grape
I would highly recommend trying some Japanese wine
While it’s no competition compared to French
the Yamanashi Cabernet Sauvignon gifted to me by Hidaka-san was really very drinkable
well balanced and peppery (I’m not ashamed to show my lack of wine notes lingo)
Having done plenty of wine tours in Australia and the UK
it was interesting to see some of the different growing techniques
including some vineyards with 10ft high trellises
how many certified Carrera RSs have you spotted
currently there are four 1973 RSs in the club
I took the opportunity to have a good nose around the 911s I had been tracking all morning
Apart from the obvious decal change from the last time we saw this car
including the switch from a 915 transmission to a beefier G50 unit
The wheels have also changed from 17-inch to 16-inch and the tire size from 255 to 275
‘Gulf Orange’ is definitely one of Porsche’s more vibrant colour codes and gives this car real hakuryoku – impressiveness
Seeing it on the road was pretty unbelievable
and over a week later I’m only just realising that the whole experience was real
The eagle-eyed among you may have noticed something else at the rear end
you’re looking at 100mm extra width in rear arches
Hidaka-san again entrusted the work to Bodyworks DB
the shop originally tasked with creating the Mary Stuart-style whale tail
it’s just been stretched out an extra 50mm on either side
After a fantastic day of driving it was time to say our goodbyes and head back down the mountain
The drive home was equally as exciting with views of Mt
I’m sure this is not the last time we’ll see Hidaka-san’s mad creation
More stories from Japan on Speedhunters
"The vibe at Omugishiro Parking Area was super chill
and with 21 classic Porsches in the group it was hard not to find a bad photo." I think you meant either: "The vibe at Omugishiro Parking Area was super chill
and with 21 classic Porsches in the group it was hard to find a bad photo," or "The vibe at Omugishiro Parking Area was super chill
and with 21 classic Porsches in the group it was hard not to find a good photo
The most photographed car of the narrow Porsche sports club was the one with a widebody kit
Hello Tobby-san.Thank you for joining our NPSC touring.It was exciting day for for NPSC.In end of Jun
you could enjoy sweet peach around Enzan aria and in January you could enjoy sweet grapes around Katunuma area.Please join again for our NPSC touring.When Covid-19 situation will over
we would like to go to Toyama.There is chare of NPSC is living.And we could enjoy sea foods around NIHONKAI.I would like to you will join again.Thanks
Yukihiro-san I’m looking forward to our next driveThank you so muchToby
TobyEven in Japan with all those young-heads and their obsession with JDM
the older guys know "what time it is!" Porsche- time
Those 2.7 Carreras are NNNNNIIIIICCCCEEEEEE
Wish I could have driven my MKIII Jetta with them
have you guys featured a prettier car than this 911
Gorgeous cars but I badly want to see your camera rig now
Same I'm always interested in camera cars:)
That first picture made me want to drop everything I'm doing
buy an old-school Porsche and spend my days driving on mountain roads
"my Impreza must have looked very sad indeed" Nahhh
Id be impressed by the impreza guy the porsche group invited lol
Well that’s a more positive way to look at it
how much wider is it than stock in total now
That's a widebody kit to dominate all wide bodies
now I want to take a look at that rig and how you managed to set the camera
how do you swap between front and back rolling shots
Speedhunters is an international collective of photographers
writers and drivers with a shared passion for uncovering the world's most exciting car culture stories
The Japanese Hard Enduro Championship has been suspended for two years due to the pandemic is back in full swing this season and
“finally” round three of the series returned to the infamous Hidaka rocks Extreme Enduro
Held in Hidaka on the north island of Hokkaido
this is the town where the annual traditional ISDE-style two-day enduro has been held for many years
Since 2018 the town has also hosted an Extreme Enduro similar to Erzbergrodeo in a similarly dramatic quarry
80 riders took on this year’s race and which
begins with a high-speed prologue on the Saturday and the result of the prologue determines the start order of the main race
Taku Izumi set the best time in the prologue on the mighty Beta RR 480
a big bike for extreme enduro but with a recorded a top speed over 130km/h
has a total distance of around six kilometres but the contrast to the prologue couldn’t be greater
Riders need to check in at four checkpoints inside the time limit is 2 hours and 30 minutes
The main race unfolded with a close battle between three riders Masatsune Otsuka (Beta)
Ayato Yamamoto (GASGAS) and Taisuke Mizukami (GASGAS) who formed the leading group from the first half of the race and exchanged positions throughout
The course itself proved much more difficult than the past editions of Hidaka Rocks and it was the final uphill at the end of the race which decided to winner
In the end it was Mizukami on the GASGAS who first conquered the last hill climb and won the final race
“The last two hill climbs decided the game.” Said Mizukami
“Every rider tried many times and failed
It was worth it to come from the southern tip of Japan where I live to this northern island!” That’s no short distance
Otsuka and Sasaki did eventually climb to the summit with last year’s series champion Ayato Yamamoto finishing in fourth place
The final result saw eight riders reach the finish line within the time limit
Words Credit: Hisashi Haruki | BIG TANK
Photo Credit: Satoru Ii | off1.jp
Some of the influences are clear and the artist’s paintings remind the viewer of the work of the great names and schools in the history of art
his work cannot be reduced to this combination of references
Born in Noda in 1977 to a Japanese mother and a British father
where he studied at the Winchester School of Fine Arts
then at the Royal Academy of Arts in London
after a period spent at Parsons School of Design in New York: quite the prestigious academic background
he decided to change his name in 2007 after meeting someone on a walk who had the same name as him
which means ‘from the sun.’ This influence and the importance of his country of birth can be found particularly in some of his canvases
such as The Conjuror (2020) and Pergola (2013)
They can also be seen in Gathering Peaks (2019)
in which the viewer observes a mountain landscape borrowed from ukiyo-e (the art of Japanese prints)
Christian Hidaka’s art is based on his ability to bring together figures and planes
and to open doors and windows onto references and art schools
it is also marked by the influence of Giorgio de Chirico and Pablo Picasso
and techniques specific to Chinese and Japanese painting
a mysterious narrative in which the lines of flight guide the eye and carry it towards other worlds
‘Without losing any sleep over dogmas and by surfing with disconcerting ease between different cultural arenas, Hidaka works at geographically and geometrically off-centring things—a poetics of anachronism‘, wrote Raphaël Brunel on the occasion of an exhibition at the Galerie Michel Rein
Christian Hidaka’s work can be viewed on his website and on that of the Galerie Michel Rein
Christian Hidaka - 'Gathering Peaks' (2019)
The Growing Popularity of Japanese Contemporary Artists in France
Traditional tattoos were strong signifiers; murderers had head tattoos
The series 'Hysteric Ten' by photographer Sawatari Hajime revisits one of the most sulphurous relationships in Japanese art
Nagisa Oshima made Sada Abe the heroine of his film
defying the codes of 'pinku eiga' that make men the focus of attention
This rice soup seasoned with miso is served by a monk to Ashitaka
one of the heroes in Hayao Miyazaki's film
we interviewed its founder and chief representative
Japan forward Asaho Hidaka reckoned the Falconets will be a tough nut to crack for his team
Hidaka however said the team will give their all advance to the quarter-final
Japan and Nigeria will clash in a Round of 16 contest at the 2024 FIFA U-20 Women’s World Cup in Bogota on Friday morning
The Falconets impressed in the group stage
recording impressive victories against Korea Republic and Venezuela
Hidaka said they are willing to give their all in order to scale through the hurdle
we’ve been focusing on winning each match one by one
our whole team is determined to fight with everything we’ve got in the match against Nigeria and absolutely win to advance,” she said in report posted on Japan women’s national football team’s X page
“Everyone on the team shares that strong mindset
and we are confident in our strengths and ready to give it our all.”
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Alumna and lecturer Chisa Hidaka ’86 talks dancing with dolphins
her project at the intersection of humanities and science
after an encounter with wild dolphins helped her realize that the animals would be perfect partners for contact improvisation
“Watching dolphins move seamlessly together in pairs or trios or larger groups
I recognized the same kind of attention and choice-making that dancers do when they improvise together,” Hidaka said.
the dancers move together using touch to communicate with each other
no set “moves” — everything is discovered spontaneously between the dancers.
Showcasing the similarities between dolphin and human behavior became the objective of Hidaka’s project
“Upending assumptions about who ‘we’ are and what is ‘animal’ is the goal,” Hidaka said
we are questioning the belief that humans are uniquely different and separate from all other species.” This questioning is crucial not only to achieve increased protection for dolphins and for the oceans
but also “to speak to a more fundamental question about what needs to change to move beyond the current environmental crisis.”
Responding to changes in the dolphins' environment has a deeper meaning for Hidaka and her team
when they were dancing with three dolphins
two swam off while the third began to act strangely and guide Hidaka back to the surface each time she tried to initiate a dance
After a few confusing dives and a sea of commotion
Hidaka realized that the two departed dolphins had chased off a tiger shark while the third protected the Dolphin Dance team
Chisa Hidaka with Dolphin Dance Project co-director Benjamin Harley and Atlantic spotted dolphins Lucky and Pristine in Dolphin Dreams (2017)
Chisa Hidaka with Atlantic spotted dolphins Jalapeno and Leia. Photo by Benjamin Harley
Chisa Hidaka with Dolphin Dance Project collaborators Kathleen Fisher
So how does a Weill Cornell-trained surgeon end up in the aquatic art film industry
“A scientific perspective is integral to my training and technique
as well as my overall aesthetic,” she said of her dance practice
my aesthetic tends toward biomechanical or hydrodynamic efficiency over decoration or gesture.” Her scientific background comes in handy constantly while working on the dolphin project
on everything from the physiology of free diving to understanding and contextualizing the existing research on dolphin cognition and behavior
Hidaka didn’t always connect the dots between dance and science
she majored in dance while on the pre-med track
“I thought that being pre-med was a kind of backup plan
in case the dance career didn’t work out.” For several years after graduation
working with choreographers like Pooh Kaye
which Hidaka said “emphasized the anatomical and biomechanical basis of movement over stylistic priorities,” sparked her interest in learning more about how bones and joints work from a scientific perspective
as well as how they become injured or diseased and how movement can be restored
It was this interest that led her to medical school. In addition to developing the Dolphin Dance Project and teaching at Barnard, she coordinates education programs at the Hospital for Special Surgery
“I see that I spent my time at Barnard gaining the educational foundation for all that I would need to bring together seemingly disparate areas of research.”
More from Hidaka: an Artist-in-Residence feature at the Barnard Movement Lab, including a conversation with her collaborator Ben Harley and Siobhan Burke
dance critic for the New York Times and Barnard Adjunct Faculty
Copyright © 2025 Barnard College | Columbia University | 3009 Broadway
Spots
Shizunai Eclipse Hotel in Shin-hidaka Town, Hokkaido, has been the focus of much attention for its "Umamusume Discount" program
The hotel's "Famous Horse Concept Rooms," in which guests can stay in a renovated suite with a display of championship memorabilia and premium goods
and a new "That Idol Horse" concept room will be launched this May
The name of the plan is "Tracks of Melody Lane - My beloved little idol
The horse weighs in the low 300kg (!) and is very small
but is active in heavyweight races and other events
The room rate is 28,000 yen per room per night including breakfast
you will also receive original goods as a present when you check in
This "Famous Horse Concept Room" series has been held in the past under the theme of famous horses such as Mesho Samson
Please visit Shizunai Eclipse Hotel's website to register!
Please enjoy the "best breakfast in Hokkaido" at the Shizunai Eclipse Hotel's specialty, along with the delicacies of Hidaka's sea and mountains!
"So cute it's unfair" - Feel the healing power of a sleeping miniature horse! "An angel has fallen"
Volume 6 - 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2019.00194
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that responds to a wide range of chemicals
including chemical carcinogens such as dioxins and carcinogenic polyaromatic hydrocarbons
and induces a battery of genes associated with detoxification
Recent reports suggest that AHR plays an important role in carcinogenesis and maintenance of various types of skin cancers
AHR is a susceptibility gene for squamous cell carcinoma and a prognostic factor for melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma
the carcinogenic effects of ultraviolet (UV) and chemical carcinogens
both of which are major environmental carcinogenetic factors of skin
which regulates UV-induced inflammation and apoptosis
and metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens
AHR modulates the efficacy of key therapeutic agents in melanoma
AHR activation induces the expression of resistance genes against the inhibitors of V600E mutated B-Raf proto-oncogene
serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) in melanoma and upregulation of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in tumor-infiltrating T cells surrounding melanoma
these findings underscore the importance of AHR in the biology of skin cancers
Development of therapeutic agents that modulate AHR activity is a promising strategy to advance chemoprevention and chemotherapy for skin cancers
the skin contains a system that recognizes and detoxifies these carcinogenic insults
the dysregulation of which leads to the initiation of skin cancer
In addition to the increase in carcinogenesis of skin cancer
recent therapeutic aspects of skin cancer have greatly changed
the emergence of molecular targeted therapies including inhibitors for V600E mutated B-Raf proto-oncogene
serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) and checkpoint inhibitors
which attenuate suppression of the anti-tumor immune response
have drastically improved the outcome of advanced melanoma
These drugs retrogradely elucidated the critical contribution of specific proliferative signals and tumor immunity in the maintenance of melanoma
These recent changes in skin cancers imply the importance of identifying a key molecule that modulates carcinogenesis and maintains skin cancer to improve prevention of and therapy for skin cancers
we introduce the function of AHR in the context of carcinogenesis and maintenance of skin cancer and mainly focus on environmental carcinogens and molecular targeted therapy
AHR binds to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives derived from environment
AHR isolates from the complex in cytoplasm
translocates into nucleus and activates translation of the target genes
2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro dibenzo-p-dioxin; FICZ
Summary of the effect of AHR activation on skin cancer
These observations imply that AHR activation promotes UVR-induced skin carcinogenesis via attenuation of the DNA repair system and apoptosis and via enhancement of the UV response
these results suggest that AHR activation promotes tumor induction of PAH-induced skin carcinogenesis
Regarding the mechanism of dioxins-induced carcinogenesis and its dependency of AHR
as dioxins are not generally metabolized to be directly genotoxic and there is lack of related articles
In addition to the carcinogenic role of AHR activation, AHR also greatly contributes to the maintenance of various skin cancers. In non-cutaneous tumors, AHR is an established factor that induces suppression of the anti-tumor immune response, resulting in the escape of tumor cells from immune-mediated cell death (44). Furthermore, AHR affects multiple aspects of cancer biology, including cell survival and proliferation (45)
Recent findings show that AHR modulates anti-tumor immunity and proliferative signals in skin cancers
we introduce recent findings regarding how AHR contributes to the maintenance of skin cancers
These observations suggest the contribution of the AHR system to the biology of melanoma
the details of which have been revealed in recent reports
This improvement indicates the critical importance of BRAF and checkpoint molecules in the maintenance of melanoma
recent findings have revealed a significant role for AHR in modulating the effect of these critical molecules
they also reported that co-administration of AHR antagonists with BRAF inhibitors maintains at least partial sensitivity to BRAF inhibitors in melanoma cells
This finding tells us that the AHR system may be a significant modulator of PD-1-mediated suppression of the anti-melanoma immune response
Several reports have suggested possible links between the AHR system and tumor biology in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD)
MCC is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer, and ~80% of patients are infected with merkel cell polyomavirus. Univariate analysis of clinical specimens revealed that a longer overall survival is achieved in the group with lower expression of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (TDO2) and AHR in cells surrounding the tumor (70)
As TDO2 is an enzyme in the tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathway
the TDO2-AHR axis may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of MCC
Another study of EMPD, an adenocarcinoma of apocrine origin, reported that the epidermis adjacent to EMPD lesions expresses CYP1A1 and CCL20, an interleukin-17-related chemokine. Malassezia yeast, which are often pathogenic in apocrine lesions, produce a metabolite that activates AHR and induces the Th17 immune response. Thus, a possible link may be present between Malassezia metabolite-induced AHR activation and the Th17-skewed tumor immune response in EMPD (71)
AHR was recently found to be a key modulator of UVR- and carcinogenic chemical-induced skin carcinogenesis
this molecule is associated with the efficacy of BRAF inhibitors and checkpoint inhibitors
which are core therapeutic drugs in melanoma
these data underscore the importance of the AHR system in carcinogenesis and maintenance of skin cancers
This means that the AHR system is a putative target
particularly for chemoprevention and cancer chemotherapy of skin cancer
The emergence of research investigating the effect of AHR antagonists for various skin cancers is promising and eagerly awaited
TF and SA supervised and reviewed this work
This study was supported in part by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (18cm01643h0001)
Prevalence and costs of skin cancer treatment in the U.S.
Interactions among stratum corneum defensive functions
UV irradiation and skin carcinogenesis: what we know
where we stand and what is likely to happen in the future
Molecular evolution of two vertebrate aryl hydrocarbon (dioxin) receptors (AHR1 and AHR2) and the PAS family
Molecular mechanisms of AhR functions in the regulation of cytochrome P450 genes
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as a drug target for cancer chemotherapy
Genome-wide association study identifies novel susceptibility loci for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Pan-cancer genomic analyses reveal prognostic and immunogenic features of the tumor melatonergic microenvironment across 14 solid cancer types
The AHR represses nucleotide excision repair and apoptosis and contributes to UV-induced skin carcinogenesis
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor plays a significant role in mediating airborne particulate-induced carcinogenesis in mice
Sustained activation of the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor transcription factor promotes resistance to BRAF-inhibitors in melanoma
Tumor-repopulating cells induce PD-1 expression in CD8+ T cells by transferring kynurenine and AhR activation
The relative importance of risk factors in nonmelanoma carcinoma
PubMed Abstract | Google Scholar
Ultraviolet radiation-mediated damage to cellular DNA
DNA damage and the balance between survival and death in cancer biology
Lightening up the UV response by identification of the arylhydrocarbon receptor as a cytoplasmatic target for ultraviolet B radiation
Evidence for a novel anti-apoptotic pathway in human keratinocytes involving the aryl hydrocarbon receptor
The UV response of the skin: a review of the MAPK
NFkappaB and TNFalpha signal transduction pathways
Editor's highlight: Ah receptor activation potentiates neutrophil chemoattractant (C-X-C Motif) ligand 5 expression in keratinocytes and skin
Tryptophan photoproduct FICZ upregulates IL1A
and IL6 expression via oxidative stress in keratinocytes
COX-2 expression is induced by UVB exposure in human skin: implications for the development of skin cancer
The carcinogenicity of outdoor air pollution
An integrated risk function for estimating the global burden of disease attributable to ambient fine particulate matter exposure
What is responsible for the carcinogenicity of PM2.5
Skin penetration and metabolism of topically applied chemicals in six mammalian species
including man: an in vitro study with benzo[a]pyrene and testosterone
Skin reservoir formation and bioavailability of dermally administered chemicals in hairless guinea pigs
Carcinogenicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the Syrian golden hamster
Cancer initiation by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons results from formation of stable DNA adducts rather than apurinic sites
Modeling cutaneous squamous carcinoma development in the mouse
Genomic landscape of carcinogen-induced and genetically induced mouse skin squamous cell carcinoma
Evolution of metastasis revealed by mutational landscapes of chemically induced skin cancers
Identification of a gene expression signature associated with recurrent disease in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Rapid growth of invasive metastatic melanoma in carcinogen-treated hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor-transgenic mice carrying an oncogenic CDK4 mutation
Benzo[a]pyrene carcinogenicity is lost in mice lacking the aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor polymorphism modulates DMBA-induced inflammation and carcinogenesis in phenotypically selected mice
Skin and salivary gland carcinogenicity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene is equivalent in the presence or absence of aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Role of cytochrome P450 1a1 and 1b1 in the metabolic activation of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and the effects of naturally occurring furanocoumarins on skin tumor initiation
Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes involved in activation and detoxification of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor and tumor immunity
Role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in cancer
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediates UVB radiation-induced skin tanning
The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediates leflunomide-induced growth inhibition of melanoma cells
(2012) 7: doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040926
The dioxin receptor has tumor suppressor activity in melanoma growth and metastasis
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and invasion in A2058 melanoma cells
The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia enables predictive modelling of anticancer drug sensitivity
NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology
PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar
Advanced stage melanoma therapies: detailing the present and exploring the future
BRAF/NRAS mutation frequencies among primary tumors and metastases in patients with melanoma
Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation
Dabrafenib in BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma: a multicentre
Overall survival and durable responses in patients with BRAF V600-mutant metastatic melanoma receiving dabrafenib combined with trametinib
Low MITF/AXL ratio predicts early resistance to multiple targeted drugs in melanoma
Cancer drug addiction is relayed by an ERK2-dependent phenotype switch
Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer
Neoantigens generated by individual mutations and their role in cancer immunity and immunotherapy
Molecular and genetic properties of tumors associated with local immune cytolytic activity
PD-L1 expression in melanocytic lesions does not correlate with the BRAF V600E mutation
Tumor-associated B7-H1 promotes T-cell apoptosis: a potential mechanism of immune evasion
Blockade of B7-H1 and PD-1 by monoclonal antibodies potentiates cancer therapeutic immunity
Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation
Blockade of IDO-kynurenine-AhR metabolic circuitry abrogates IFN-γ-induced immunologic dormancy of tumor-repopulating cells
STAT3/p53 pathway activation disrupts IFN-β-induced dormancy in tumor-repopulating cells
Nagata K Expression of the IDO1/TDO2-AhR pathway in tumor cells or the tumor microenvironment is associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus status and prognosis in Merkel cell carcinoma
Malassezia-derived aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands enhance the CCL20/ Th17/soluble CD163 pathogenic axis in extra-mammary Paget's disease
Fujimura T and Aiba S (2019) Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Modulates Carcinogenesis and Maintenance of Skin Cancers
Received: 06 June 2019; Accepted: 20 August 2019; Published: 04 September 2019
Copyright © 2019 Hidaka, Fujimura and Aiba. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)
provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited
*Correspondence: Takanori Hidaka, dGFrYW5vcmktaEBtZWQudG9ob2t1LmFjLmpw