PGA odds courtesy of <a href="https://mediaserver.betmgmpartners.com/renderBanner.do?zoneId=1689650" target=_blank>BetMGM Sportsbook</a>. Odds updated Wednesday at 3:05 PM ET. For a full list of sports betting odds, access <a href=https://sportsdata.usatoday.com/ target=_blank>USA TODAY Sports Betting Scores Odds Hub</a>
Kanaya has participated in nine tournaments this season
       America is disconnected from veterans and military families
Kanaya was my sun-seeking neighbor who plucked red
ripe tomatoes off the vine in his sunny garden on our tree-lined streets in Chicago
and their four daughters—moved into their modest brick home across the street from our family in the late 1960s
vivacious child with a quick laugh who played bongo drums and loved to sing
She was limber enough to do “the splits” after a few deep stretches
and she easily fit into our existing all-girl friend group
we did not consider parents three-dimensional beings
We took up the proscenium stage; parents hid behind the curtains
I was too distracted and self-involved to recognize that Mr
Kanaya—who tended to ripe garden tomatoes on humid summer days or tinkered with electronic equipment as we raced in and out of rattling screen doors—was a hero living quietly across the street
Enoch Kanaya’s parents with three of their granddaughters
the Kanaya canon began to unfold through an elementary school lecture and a high school history fair project that required a person with wartime experience
Kanaya and his two siblings grew up in rural Clackamas
before the family relocated to the bustling city of Portland
they busied themselves with sports and attended school functions
But after the surprise Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December of 1941
Japanese American communities got swept up in a discriminatory crossfire
and his family were sent to an internment camp along with thousands of other Japanese Americans following the bombing of Pearl Harbor
In February 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed an <a href="https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/executive-order-9066" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer">executive order</a> that led to the incarceration of 120,000 innocent Japanese Americans during World War II and caused many civilians to view neighbors through a suspicious lens
in tandem with thousands of other Japanese American families
they were forced to get rid of their possessions and vacate the only homes they had ever known
called “Minidoka Camp.” Making the best of an unprecedented predicament
the teenaged Enoch worked as a truck mechanic for a paltry monthly sum while completing his high school education part time
the 442nd crossed the Atlantic and landed in France
they were ordered to safeguard the Alps that separated France and Italy from invading German troops
In Italy, the 442nd successfully pushed the German troops back. After that victory, the soldiers guarded German prisoners of war before finally returning home, where they received a <a href="https://history.army.mil/html/topics/apam/442rct.html" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer">Presidential Citation</a>
But it wasn’t until 2011 that this unsung group of segregated soldiers <a href="https://www.army.mil/article/66904/japanese_american_soldiers_will_receive_congressional_gold_medal" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer">received the Congressional Gold Medal</a>
Kanaya had raised four daughters with his wife
He’d tallied up 28 years as a technician at the Admiral Corporation in his hometown
Then, this May, 80 years after he was drafted into the Army, Enoch H. Kanaya—now one of the last remaining survivors of the 442nd—<a href="https://chicago.consulfrance.org/wwii-veteran-enoch-h-kanaya-awarded-the-french-legion-of-honor" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer">received France’s highest order of merit</a>
the National Order of the Legion of Honour
like calendar pages swept up by a random wind
filled my mind as I entered a 135-year-old church for a ceremony that included more than 50 attendees and a cross-section of generations—family
veterans who kept in touch over the span of decades
including watching a video created by the Pritzker Military Museum in Chicago in which Mr
Enoch Kanaya was recently awarded France’s highest order of merit
The motto of the 442nd was “Go for Broke”—put everything on the line to win
many were sent to Europe as replacements for the 100th Infantry Battalion
the 442nd arrived in Italy; that September
they were part of the invasion of Southern France that liberated many cities from the Nazis
They went on to fight with the segregated African American 92nd Infantry Division to drive German forces out of northern Italy
Kanaya was deployed to the Alps along the border of France and Italy
he recounted being commanded to return to Italy
“The Germans had fortified the ‘Gothic Line,’” he recalled of the <a href="https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/the-gothic-line-how-the-allies-breached-germanys-defenses-in-italy/" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer">Nazis’ last line of defense in Italy</a>
“That’s where they stopped the Allied advance even before the 442nd had left for France,” Mr
they [the Germans] were still at the same line.”
He has retold the story to rapt intergenerational audiences many times over
“The best way to attack the Gothic Line was to sneak through the mountains and attack them from the rear
he was one of the last men of the 442nd to leave Europe
Time has turned my friend’s father’s hair salt and pepper
I watched as he carefully navigated the stairs to accept his award
He paused for photos before heading to the podium
Enoch Kanaya receives the National Order of the Legion of Honour from Consul Gen
of France Yannick Tagand in a ceremony in Chicago
The consul general of France pinned the gleaming circular disc to Mr
Kanaya’s neatly pressed jacket and embraced him
The French people will never forget what we owe you,” he said
“This medal does not just belong to me,” Mr
Tom Brokaw said that the World War II veterans saved the world
If it were not for the World War II veterans
He wore a cap emblazoned with the 442nd’s motto
She confided that she never imagined asking her father for his autograph
an educator who has brought textbook battles and triumphs to life for generations of children and adults
no longer wallpaper at our giddy pajama parties
A grown-up Barbara told me that the “H” in her father’s name stands for “Hiroru,” which means “abundant and giving.”
The <a href="https://www.thenmusa.org/nisei-soldiers-in-world-war-ii/#:~:text=Second%20generation%20Japanese%20Americans%2C%20known,living%20on%20the%20west%20coast." data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer">Nisei generation</a>
the first group of Japanese Americans to call North America home
had to live up to extraordinarily high standards
They fought bravely and honorably for a nation that viewed them with suspicion and incarcerated them
Sometimes heroes exist solely in the mind of the beholder
Kanaya has been generally dismissive about his herculean accomplishments
As one of the youngest and last surviving members of the 442nd
he symbolizes the heroism of the World War II generation and the courage and sacrifice of the Nisei volunteers
In the Greatest Generation’s victory garden
 This War Horse reflection was written by Lisa Torem
<a href="mailto:Lisa-Torem@thewarhorse.org" class="email-profile" data-av_iconfont="entypo-fontello" rel="nofollow"></a>                    			
Editors Note: This &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;https://thewarhorse.org/japanese-american-wwii-veteran-enoch-kanaya-was-a-quiet-hero/&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; first appeared on &lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;https://thewarhorse.org&quot;&gt;The War Horse,&lt;/a&gt; an award-winning nonprofit news organization educating the public on military service
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PGA Tour card Sunday after holding onto third place in the fourth round of the PGA Tour Q-School Final Stage
this year's top money winner on the Japanese professional men's golf tour
had four birdies and three bogeys for 1-under 69 at TPC Sawgrass in Florida to finish with a four-round total of 5-under 275
putting him in the top five and winning him a place on next year's PGA tour
I managed to come this far thanks to support from many people," a tearful Kanaya said
Getting rewarded for that is really pleasing."
Lanto Griffin had a final-round 63 to win at 9-under
followed by fellow American Hayden Buckley three shots back
Alejandro Tosti of Argentina as well as Americans Will Chandler and Matthew Riedel finished tied for fourth
clinched his first JGTO money title earlier this month at the Japan tour's season-ending Nihon Series JT Cup
Japan's Kensei Hirata had a strong final-day 64 but finished eighth at 2-under overall
two shots out of the tie for fourth that earned the final available cards
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CALIFORNIA - JANUARY 17: Takumi Kanaya of Japan prepares to play his shot from the 13th tee during the second round of The American Express 2025 at La Quinta Country Club on January 17
missing the cut at Torrey Pines Golf Course (South Course)
He is seeking a better outcome in Vallarta
at the 2025 Mexico Open at VidantaWorld from Feb
A dash represents a stat in which a player has not played a qualifying number of rounds this FedExCup season
All stats in this article are accurate for Kanaya as of the start of the Mexico Open at VidantaWorld
Note: The PGA TOUR has created this story via a machine-learning model using data from <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="chakra-link css-vqpqpw" role="link" href="https://www.pgatour.com/shotlink">ShotLink</a>, powered by CDW, in addition to player performance data. While we strive for accuracy and quality, please note that the information provided may not be entirely error-free.
Copyright © 2025 PGA TOUR, Inc. All rights reserved.
Takumi Kanaya missed the cut at The American Express
22-25 in San Diego at the 2025 Farmers Insurance Open
All stats in this article are accurate for Kanaya as of the start of the Farmers Insurance Open
and the Swinging Golfer design are registered trademarks
The Korn Ferry trademark is also a registered trademark
and is used in the Korn Ferry Tour logo with permission
Takumi Kanaya has earned his PGA Tour card for 2025
United States: Japan’s Takumi Kanaya will join fellow former Asia-Pacific Amateur Championship (AAC) winner Hideki Matsuyama on the PGA Tour in 2025
Kanaya claimed solo third place at the Final Stage of the PGA Tour Qualifying School presented by Korn Ferry to earn prized PGA Tour playing rights for next year
The newly crowned Japan Golf Tour number one fired a final round of one-under 69 at TPC Sawgrass Dye’s Valley for a four-day total of five-under 275 as he capped a great season for himself and Japanese golf
He will become one of five Japanese players to hold a PGA Tour card for next year
Onishi and Hoshino will be playing their maiden full seasons on the elite circuit after gaining playing rights through the Korn Ferry Tour Top-30 and DP World Tour Top-10 respectively
“I’m going to call my parents about my finish
I’ve had some tough moments and difficulties but I’ve been able to get through with the support of so many people,” said the seven-time Japan Golf Tour winner Kanaya
Qualifying School is one of the toughest tests in golf and Kanaya showed courage and resilience to achieve his American dream
It has been a remarkable journey for the former world amateur number one who won the AAC in Singapore in 2018 and was runner-up in 2019
he had thoughts of heading home in the second stage after covering his first seven holes in seven-over
He fought back bravely to finish tied fourth to advance into the Final Stage
and subsequently won the season-ending tournament in Japan and the money list title
“Winning the money list gave me the confidence and I think if I work hard
I will have more chances to compete,” said Kanaya
who was voted the Japan Tour’s Most Valuable Player
“I want to prepare well now and do my best in 2025
The second stage was really tough for four days but we took it one step at a time
I think I’ve done well up to now and I’m really happy that it’s paid off like this
It wasn’t a great start but I believed if I concentrated and worked hard
spearheading the game in his country and inspiring a new generation of players to shoot for the stars
Kanaya believes the strong contingent of players from Japan competing on the PGA Tour next year will be a boon for the game at home
“Hideki has been so successful in the US for a long time and is already one of the best players in the world
I think many Japanese players will be taking on the challenge in the future and I would like to do my best to be like Hideki,” he said
Compatriot Kensei Hirata finished tied eighth with a closing 64 to agonisingly miss out on the top-five finish and ties finish required for a PGA Tour card but he earned Korn Ferry Tour status for 2025
SY Noh (67) also finished joint eighth while fellow-Korean Bae Sang-moon
finished tied 43rd to also secure his Korn Ferry Tour playing rights
PGA Tour card after moving up to third in the penultimate round of the final qualifying tournament on Saturday
The top five and ties at the PGA Tour Q-School Final Stage will earn automatic promotion to the world's most prestigious golf tour
Starting the third round at TPC Sawgrass in fourth place
Kanaya shot a 2-under 68 with two birdies and no bogeys to go to 4-under for the tournament
The 26-year-old Hiroshima Prefecture native heads into the final day two strokes back from the joint leaders
Americans Matthew Riedel and Alistair Docherty
and holds a one-shot lead over four players tied for fourth
"I'm glad I could shoot a bogey-free round," Kanaya said
"It would be good if I can play the final day the same as I would in Japan or anywhere else
I want to prepare well and keep playing my own game."
Kanaya clinched his first JGTO money title earlier this month at the Japan tour's season-ending Nihon Series JT Cup
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Shizuoka — A long-standing tradition celebrating the region’s famed tea harvest took place in mid-April as the Kanaya tea festival showcasing a tea-picking women’s group dance drew crowds to JR Kanaya Station in Shimada
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The biennial festival was held on April 12 in the city known as a major tea production region
featuring about 500 women and girls dressed in tea-picking attire
filled the streets and captivated the audience
Organized by the Kanaya tea festival preservation and promotion association
which began in 1952 and was held for the 41st time
featured women of all ages dancing gracefully to the folk song “Chakkiri Bushi.”
They wore tea-picking costumes featuring kasuri checker-like pattern kimonos
red tasuki sashes and “anesan-kaburi” head coverings
a style of headdress using tenugui hand towels
The festival was originally scheduled to continue on April 13 but was canceled due to forecast rain
Our weekly ePaper presents the most noteworthy recent topics in an exciting
&#169; 2025 The Japan News - by The Yomiuri Shimbun
Takumi Kanaya holds up a Masters pin flag after winning the 2018 Asia-Pacific Amateur Championship
McCormack medal - handed out by the R&A - in 2020
Find out more about Japanese professional golfer
Takumi Kanaya's life and career in the game so far via these facts..
Takumi Kanaya is a Japanese pro golfer who has enjoyed plenty of success in his homeland and is currently having a crack at breaking through on the PGA Tour
Discover more about his life and career so far via these facts
His name is pronounced 'tuh-KOO-mee kuh-NYE-uh.'
Kanaya attended Tohoku Fukushi University in Sendai
Japan - the same school that Hideki Matsuyama went to
He won the 2015 Japan Amateur Championship and was low amateur at the Japan Open Golf Championship later that same year after finishing second
He went on to be the low amateur at the Japan Open Golf Championship again in 2017
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Kanaya won the Asia-Pacific Amateur Championship and earned spots in the 2019 Masters and Open Championship as a result
Representing Japan at the 2018 Eisenhower Trophy
Kanaya finished runner-up in the individual competition
while also being on the winning International side at the 2019 Arnold Palmer Cup
Kanaya helped Japan to team gold at both the 2017 Summer Universiade and the 2018 Asian Games
Kanaya was World Amateur No.1 for 55 weeks
He won the 2019 Mitsui Sumitomo VISA Taiheiyo Masters to become just the fourth amateur in history to win a professional event in Japan
Kanaya later finished third at the 2019 Australian Open
2020 and made his professional debut at the Japan Open Golf Championship
McCormack medal - handed out by the R&amp;A - in 2020
lifting the prestigious Dunlop Phoenix Tournament after triumphing at the fourth extra hole of a sudden death play-off
He won the Japan Golf Tour Rookie of the Year award in 2020-21 after securing a second pro title - the Token Homemate Cup - in April
The Japanese pro's best finish on the PGA Tour was a T7th result at the 2021 Zozo Championship
His highest result on the DP World Tour was T7th at the 2022 Australian PGA Championship
Kanaya has claimed eight professional victories throughout his career so far - seven of which have arrived on the Japan Golf Tour
His only non-JGT victory was at the Asian Tour's International Series Oman in 2023
<a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/CtFWEOXhp8D/" target="_blank" data-url="https://www.instagram.com/p/CtFWEOXhp8D/" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade" data-hl-processed="none">A post shared by Takumi Kanaya &#37329;&#35895;&#25299;&#23455; (@takumi.kanaya)</a>
Kanaya won the Japan Golf Tour money list and was named the circuit's Most Valuable Player
he had lifted his only Japanese Major to date at the BMW Japan Golf Tour Championship Mori Building Cup
Kanaya secured a PGA Tour card for 2025 when finishing third at Q-School in December 2024
Kanaya has a best finish of T58th in 11 Major starts throughout his career
That arrived in his Masters debut back in 2019
He has missed the cut in each of the other 10
After finishing T9th at the 2022 WGC Dell Technologies Match Play
Kanaya rose to a highest-ever position of 49th in the Official World Golf Ranking
<a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DDo5pBhxDvc/" target="_blank" data-url="https://www.instagram.com/p/DDo5pBhxDvc/" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade" data-hl-processed="none">A post shared by Takumi Kanaya &#37329;&#35895;&#25299;&#23455; (@takumi.kanaya)</a>
2019 Mitsui Sumitomo Visa Taiheiyo Masters*
2023 BMW Japan Golf Tour Championship Mori Building Cup
He graduated from the University of Brighton with a degree in Sport Journalism in 2017 and spent almost five years as the sole sports reporter at his local newspaper
Jonny has interviewed several stars of the game
Jonny enjoys learning as much about the game as he can and recently reached his Handicap goal of 18 for the first time
He attended both the 150th and 151st Open Championships and dreams of attending The Masters one day
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Takumi Kanaya odds to win THE CJ CUP Byron NelsonData SkriveTakumi Kanaya heads into the 2025 THE CJ CUP Byron Nelson at TPC Craig Ranch with +15000 odds to win after he missed the cut in his most recent tournament
Kanaya has played in 12 events in the past year
A prize pool of $9,900,000.00 is on the line
PGA odds courtesy of <a href="https://mediaserver.betmgmpartners.com/renderBanner.do?zoneId=1689650" target=_blank>BetMGM Sportsbook</a>. Odds updated Tuesday at 1:22 PM ET. For a full list of sports betting odds, access <a href=https://sportsdata.usatoday.com/ target=_blank>USA TODAY Sports Betting Scores Odds Hub</a>
2025Data SkriveTakumi Kanaya enters the 2025 THE CJ CUP Byron Nelson at TPC Craig Ranch with +12000 odds after missing the cut in his last outing
we'll break down his recent form to help you make your best bets on Kanaya before he tees off in McKinney
Takumi Kanaya odds to winGolf odds courtesy of <a href="https://mediaserver.betmgmpartners.com/renderBanner.do?zoneId=1689650" target=_blank>BetMGM Sportsbook</a>. Odds updated Tuesday at 1:15 PM ET. For a full list of sports betting odds, access <a href=https://sportsdata.usatoday.com/ target=_blank>USA TODAY Sports Betting Scores Odds Hub</a>
PGA odds courtesy of <a href="https://mediaserver.betmgmpartners.com/renderBanner.do?zoneId=1689650" target=_blank>BetMGM Sportsbook</a>. Odds updated Thursday at 3:00 AM ET. For a full list of sports betting odds, access <a href=https://sportsdata.usatoday.com/ target=_blank>USA TODAY Sports Betting Scores Odds Hub</a>
Kanaya has participated in eight tournaments this season
but he has not registered a finish in the top 10
Kanaya has not finished inside the top 20 in his past four appearances
PGA odds courtesy of <a href="https://mediaserver.betmgmpartners.com/renderBanner.do?zoneId=1689650" target=_blank>BetMGM Sportsbook</a>. Odds updated Thursday at 2:58 AM ET. For a full list of sports betting odds, access <a href=https://sportsdata.usatoday.com/ target=_blank>USA TODAY Sports Betting Scores Odds Hub</a>
Kanaya has played six tournaments this season
Kanaya has not finished inside the top 20 in his past four events
Read the full story on <a href="https://featured.japan-forward.com/sportslook">SportsLook</a> - <a href="https://featured.japan-forward.com/sportslook/odds-and-evens-golf-success-in-2024-rio-takeda-and-takumi-kanaya-made-their-mark" title="">[ODDS and EVENS] Golf Success in 2024: Rio Takeda and Takumi Kanaya Made Their Mark</a>
a seven-time winner on the Japan Golf Tour
pocketed ¥119.5 million (about $800,000) in 2024
who triumphed in four tournaments this year
finished second in earnings (¥114.4 million
Continue reading <a href="https://featured.japan-forward.com/sportslook/odds-and-evens-golf-success-in-2024-rio-takeda-and-takumi-kanaya-made-their-mark" title="">the full story</a> on SportsLook
Author: <a href="https://featured.japan-forward.com/sportslook/tag/ed-odeven/">Ed Odeven</a>
Find Ed on JAPAN Forward's dedicated website, <a href="https://featured.japan-forward.com/sportslook/">SportsLook</a>. Follow his <a href="https://featured.japan-forward.com/sportslook/category/features/japan-sports-notebook/">[Japan Sports Notebook]</a> on Sundays, <a href="https://featured.japan-forward.com/sportslook/category/features/odds-and-evens/">[Odds and Evens]</a> during the week, and X (formerly Twitter) <a href="https://twitter.com/ed_odeven">＠ed_odeven</a>.&nbsp;
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Newly crowned JGTO money ranking champion Takumi Kanaya completed a stellar 2024 season by securing his PGA TOUR membership for the first time after finishing third at Final Stage of Q-School on Sunday.
Kanaya, who has won seven times on the JGTO including two victories at the Token Homemate Cup and ACN Champion Golf Tournament this year, was making his first career appearance at the Final stage held at TPC Sawgrass&rsquo; Dye&rsquo;s Valley Course.
The 26-year-old was the only golfer with four rounds of even-par or better as he carded rounds of 68, 70, 68 and 69 for a four-day total of five-under-par 275 to finish as one of the top five and ties to earn their PGA TOUR membership for 2025.
Kanaya will join Hideki Matsuyama and Ryo Histatsune on the PGA TOUR next season along with Kaito Onishi, who earned his card through the Korn Ferry Tour, and Rikuya Hoshino, who secured his through the DP World Tour.
Kensei Hirata, meanwhile, finished in tied-eighth place to miss out on his playing status by two shots.
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Kanaya clinches top gong as award winners get recognised at 2024 JGTO Awards ceremony
South Africa’s Shaun Norris shot a final-round 2-under 68 on Sunday for a two-stroke victory in the Japan pro tour’s season-ending Nippon Series JT Cup, while Takumi Kanaya finished third to overtake Kensei Hirata and claim his first money crown.
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Norris, starting out one stroke behind leader Keita Nakajima on the per-70 Tokyo Yomiuri Country Club course in Inagi, Tokyo, had four birdies before carding his lone bogey on the final par-3 18th hole to finish at 12-under 268
The 42-year-old Norris earned ¥40 million with his third major and seventh overall win on the Japan tour, and first since winning the Japan Open in 2021.
Naoyuki Kataoka shot a even-par 70 to finish alone in second at 10-under 270, one shot ahead of Kanaya and two better than Nakajima, who struggled with a final-round 73.
Kanaya went into the tournament trailing Hirata by about ¥2.9 million in the money standings. He shot a 67 to finish third at 271, good for ¥10 million in prize money and giving him ¥119,551,222 for the season. Hirata earned just ¥1.9 million when he ended up 17th at even-par 280 and ended with ¥114,388,472.
Nakajima, last year’s money champion who has played most of this season on the European tour, had put together three straight under-par rounds, but fell out of the lead Sunday when he carded a double-bogey on the par-4 fourth hole. Four bogeys over the back nine ended any chance of a comeback.
Our weekly ePaper presents the most noteworthy recent topics in an exciting, readable fomat.
Volume 4 - 2019 | <a class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__doi" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2019.00056">https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2019.00056</a>
A majority of the research on students receiving special education services in the United States have focused on school-aged outcomes
Comparatively less is known about how these students fare in adulthood
By utilizing a one-to-one propensity score matching technique
individuals who received special education services were compared with those who did not on multiple adulthood outcomes that span educational attainment
Results suggest that Hispanic students in our sample who participate in special education fared better compared to their non-Hispanic counterparts on some outcomes
propensity (the likelihood of receiving services) predicted several more outcomes
These results point to the potential importance of the contextual factors that surround special education services and suggest the need to provide context-specific services at the local level
The findings also highlight the use of propensity score analyses to reduce concerns of selection bias in special educational research
Though this is not an exhaustive list of all the changes
they demonstrate the evolving nature of IDEA that alter the number and type of individuals who qualify for services
that unlike many other educational intervention programs
IDEA was created to meet the educational needs of students from a wide array of socio-demographic characteristics
studies that isolate children from a specific subgroup or location
they potentially exclude millions of children who were served by a program that was purposefully created to provide flexibility and relies on the subjective nature of multiple educational professionals and child advocates
it is important to include all individuals who were served in some capacity
regardless of the diagnosis and the duration and nature of the provided services
studies that examine the adulthood outcomes of all children who received services at the national level during a specific time period are needed within education research
Researchers have used propensity score analysis to reduce concerns of selection bias. Propensity score analysis can provide relatively unbiased estimates that are close approximations to those derived from randomized control studies (<a href="#B10">Luellen et al., 2005</a>)
not receiving services) condition are established
a propensity score&#x02014;the predicted probability of receiving the treatment given these covariates&#x02014;is calculated for each participant based on covariates that could confound the likelihood of the treatment condition
the treatment and control conditions are matched based on propensity and compared on the outcome variables
An alternative approach is to create a dataset where each participant in the treatment condition is individually matched with a participant in the control condition by propensity score
The &#x0201C;matched pairs&#x0201D; approach will yield an equal sample size for the treatment and control samples
but will exclude individuals who do not have a match
individuals who are on the extreme ends of the propensity range (i.e.
individuals who are extremely likely or extremely unlikely to receive special education services) would be excluded from subsequent analyses
While propensity score studies are not a perfect substitution for random assignment (<a href="#B8">Graham and Kurlaender, 2011</a>), they can be a useful technique when random assignment is impossible to implement. For these reasons, propensity score analyses are becoming more prevalent within education and policy research (<a href="#B13">Morgan et al., 2010</a>) and are particularly useful for special education studies
Due to the methodological demands of utilizing this approach and creating effective matches
a large-scale dataset with sufficient sample size for treatment
and a wide variety of covariates is required
the results from these two studies were conducted by comparing the outcomes of individuals in the treatment group to those in the control group by using the strata-matching technique
there has not been a study that utilizes propensity score analysis with the matched-pairs technique
The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) and its corresponding Child and Young Adult (CYA) dataset provide an ideal opportunity to examine the post-secondary outcomes among students who received special education services
The NLSY is a nationally representative sample of over 12,000 individuals who were between 14 and 21 years old on December 31
and were interviewed biennially on a wide range of behaviors
These surveys and data collection are sponsored and administered by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S
Department of Labor in order to gather information on the U.S
including the relationship between educational experiences and labor outcomes
the Bureau of Labor Statistics created a new dataset
to track over 11,000 children born to the females of the NLSY
CYA participants were also interviewed biennially about their emotional
as well as their educational and occupational patterns
portions of the NLSY and CYA are publicly available and have been used in numerous research reports and publications since their inception
By combining the information from both datasets
longitudinal dataset that includes children&#x00027;s individual and environmental characteristics (e.g.
and is ideal for propensity score analyses
The purpose of the current study is to explore the links between receiving special education services and adulthood outcomes in a U.S
sample using the following approach: (1) by using the NLSY and corresponding CYA datasets we developed a comprehensive dataset of students who received special education services at any time during their school years
(2) to reduce selection bias we utilized a one-to-one propensity score matching technique
and (3) due to the age of the participants in the CYA datasets
we examined adulthood outcomes beyond the first year of high school graduation
we are asking: How do individuals who are served in some capacity by IDEA fare in adulthood across multiple domains of outcomes compared to individuals who were equally likely to receive services but did not
Children eligible for the current study were born between 1980 and 1994 (n = 8,476)
The birth year cutoffs were set to limit the sample to children who were 6 years old (i.e.
school-aged) or younger when the study began in 1986 and at least 18 years old in the 2012 dataset
only children who had at least one Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PPVT) score or one Behavior Problem Index (BPI) score and were assessed as youth (n = 6,230) were included in the propensity score calculations and matching procedures
The treatment variable in this study was created using a composite of 17 variables of maternal and youth current and retrospective reports of participation in a special education program or class
Reports were gathered in interviews conducted between 1994 and 2010
a total of 573 children (8%) reported participating in special education in some capacity during their schooling and were coded as such
A random number generator was used to select the second imputation
Dependent variables used in calculating propensity score and balance check for whites (n = 262)
Dependent variables used in calculating propensity score and balance check for hispanics (n = 142)
Dependent variables used in calculating propensity score and balance check for blacks (n = 182)
The effects of special education were assessed using a series of outcome measures selected and categorized using four of the domains outlined by <a href="#B29">Ysseldyke and Olsen (1997)</a>: educational attainment
These domains are part of a proposed framework for assessing the performance and progress of children with disabilities
developed in part to address the IDEA policy requiring states to use alternate assessments for students who cannot take standard forms of assessment
Each outcome measure within each domain is described below
participants were asked to report the highest grade they completed
A variable was created indicating the highest grade reported across waves
Using participant reports of grade completion
a variable was created indicating whether participants received a high school diploma
If participants reported receiving a high school diploma
a separate variable was created to indicate the year participants received this degree
Participants were asked to report their yearly income
participants were asked to report whether they received any welfare assistance in that year
a composite score was created indicating the total number of years participants reported receiving welfare assistance
A dichotomous variable was created indicating whether participants reported ever receiving welfare assistance
participants were asked to report whether they received federal assistance from the following programs: welfare
or Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)
a dichotomous variable was created indicating whether participants reported ever receiving any form of public assistance
Participants rated their physical health on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = poor
participants were asked to report their drug use
a dichotomous variable was created indicating whether participants reported ever using these drugs
Four items were used to assess the extent to which participants felt supported by family and friends
&#x0201C;How much do you feel loved and cared for by your relatives?&#x0201D; and &#x0201C;How much can you open up to your friends if you need to talk about your worries?&#x0201D; Participants rated the items on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = not at all
The social support score was based on a mean of the four items (Cronbach &#x003B1; = 0.77)
A six-item scale was used to assess the degree of conflict in participants&#x00027; families. Items included, &#x0201C;We fight a lot in our family,&#x0201D; &#x0201C;Family members hardly ever lose their temper,&#x0201D; &#x0201C;Family members sometimes get so angry they throw things,&#x0201D; and &#x0201C;Family members always calmly discuss problems.&#x0201D; The six-item Family Conflict Scale is a subset of the Family Environment Scale (<a href="#B12">Moos and Moos, 1994</a>)
Participants rated the items on a 4-point Likert scale (1 = strongly agree
These ratings were reverse coded to indicate that a higher score (e.g.
4) meant a higher level of family conflict compared to a lower score (e.g.
The family conflict scale is based on a mean of all six items (Cronbach &#x003B1; = 0.74)
participants were asked to report whether they were ever convicted of a felony
a dichotomous variable was created indicating whether participants reported ever being convicted
all corresponding 2-way interactions between race/ethnicity and special education
as well as gender and special education were tested to determine whether the effects of special education varied by race/ethnicity or gender
Special education and/or propensity were significant predictors in seven out of the eleven analyses
Hierarchical multiple regression analyses predicting highest grade completed (n = 586)
Hierarchical multiple logistic regression analyses predicting completion of high school diploma (n = 586)
Both models were significant (Model 1: F(6
such that younger individuals reported lower income levels compared to older individuals
such that females reported lower income levels compared to males
such that Blacks reported lower income levels compared to Whites
Hierarchical multiple logistic regression analyses predicting welfare use (n = 586)
Hierarchical multiple regression analyses predicting years of welfare use (n = 586)
Hierarchical multiple logistic regression analyses predicting use of any public assistance (n = 586)
Hierarchical multiple regression analyses predicting physical health (n = 586)
Both models were significant (Model 1: &#x003C7;2(6) = 33.94
Nagelkerke R2 = 0.11; Model 2: &#x003C7;2(9) = 37.15
Nagelkerke R2 = 0.08; &#x00394; adjR2 = &#x02212;0.03)
such that older individuals were more likely to have taken drugs compared to younger individuals
such that females were less likely to have taken drugs compared to males
such that females reported higher levels of social support compared to males
Race/race/ethnicity was significant (Hispanic: B = &#x02212;0.36
p &#x0003C; 0.01) such that Hispanics and Blacks reported lower levels of social support compared to Whites
Hierarchical multiple regression analyses predicting family conflict (n = 586)
Both models were significant (Model 1: &#x003C7;2(6) = 43.54
Nagelkerke R2 = 0.11; Model 2: &#x003C7;2(9) = 45.36
Nagelkerke R2 = 0.12; &#x00394; adjR2 = 0.01)
such that younger individuals were less likely to be convicted compared to older individuals
such that females were less likely to be convicted compared to males
The purpose of the current study was to compare the adulthood outcomes of children who received special education services with those who did not
using one-to-one match propensity score methodology
Our analyses revealed that Hispanic students showed evidence of benefitting from special education
in terms of reporting better physical health and less family conflict
the majority of results suggest that individuals who were born between 1980 and 1994 and received special education services did not differ on adulthood outcomes across educational attainment
compared to individuals with the same likelihood of receiving services who did not receive services
children who received special education services did not fare better than children who were equally likely to have received services
Propensity (the likelihood of receiving special education services)
had a statistically significant effect on several outcomes
individuals with higher propensity scores had significantly lower educational attainment
were less likely to have a high school diploma
compared to individuals with lower propensity scores
Propensity was also significantly associated with economic self-sufficiency
such that individuals with higher propensity scores were more likely to participate in welfare for more years and receive any form of public assistance
these findings suggest that the larger set of contextual factors that increase the likelihood of receiving services (e.g.
maternal education) are a stronger predictor of adulthood outcomes than the actual services received
These results are similar to previous research on the adulthood outcomes of children receiving special education (<a href="#B4">Chesmore et al., 2016</a>) as well as propensity score analyses on school-aged outcomes (<a href="#B13">Morgan et al., 2010</a>; <a href="#B27">Sullivan and Field, 2013</a>)
They also provide further support for the idea that the disadvantaging contextual factors
programs likely need to address these factors in addition to the symptoms related to children&#x00027;s disabilities
Though current IDEA practices only require one-year follow-ups on the educational and occupational outcomes of individuals
individuals are likely to continue living under many of the circumstances that increased their propensity for special education
it may be useful for transitional services to include information that is tailored to the specific contextual factors of their community (e.g.
locations of specific health clinics) and improve current services that are designated for helping adults with disabilities
this study integrated a number of methodological features to provide a unique perspective for examining adulthood outcomes of students who receive special education services
we created a comparable &#x0201C;control&#x0201D; sample that reduced bias from confounding variables and allowed for an examination of adulthood outcomes
by starting with the dataset of the mothers (the NLSY)
we were able to capture important variables that assess the cognitive
and educational characteristics of the mother
as well as &#x0201C;real time&#x0201D; prenatal characteristics that are often difficult to include in child-specific datasets
in order to reduce potential bias that is introduced when employing the more commonly-used
we utilized a one-to-one matching process to create our treatment and non-treatment groups
These specific distinctions may not be adequate to identify important distinctions within racial/ethnic categories (e.g.
etc.) and are important endeavors for future researchers on different data sources
it is important to remember that random assignment is considered the &#x0201C;gold standard&#x0201D; for determining causal inference
the best methodology to date that can imitate most features of random assignment for the special education population
the strict one-to-one matching technique within each race/ethnicity by gender subgroup narrowed the possible range of propensity scores that could be included in the outcomes analyses
we were able to find acceptable matches for approximately half of our Treatment group (293 out of our initial sample of 573)
CYA individuals who were extremely likely to receive special education services could not be included in these analyses because there was no appropriate match for them in the Non-Treatment condition
it would be almost impossible to have a one-to-one match with another individual who did not receive services
It is possible that special education plays a significant and positive role for those individuals who have the high propensity to receive services
then a different research methodology would be required to examine this sub-population of students served under IDEA
Given the overall findings regarding the importance of the contextual factors and propensity for special education
Due to the longitudinal and cross-sectional nature of the CYA
we were able to examine multiple adulthood outcomes beyond the educational and employment follow-ups that are currently required under IDEA
These data also allowed us to examine all individuals served under IDEA
rather than focusing on a single disability category or geographic region
Having data on a wide range of children&#x00027;s ages allowed us to look at IDEA through a timespan that would not have been possible with a dataset that only included a single year birth cohort
given difficulties in achieving large sample sizes of the special education population
decreasing alpha levels will also increase the chances of false negatives
we discussed the results using the standard &#x0003C;0.05 significance level
but also provided p-values and effect sizes to the third decimal point in our tables so individual readers can make their own interpretations for future research (including meta-analyses) and policy decisions
follow individuals who were receiving special education services during the ages of 13 to 16
individuals who received services at an earlier age and an appropriate comparison group of individuals who did not receive services are not included
allowed us to examine all individuals who received special education services during their school years and to include the child&#x00027;s prenatal and maternal variables in the propensity analyses
these data only allow us to examine treatment effects at the broadest level
and do not allow us to examine links between specific special education services or dosage of services and outcomes
Such specific analyses were not the focus of our study
but would provide valuable information for future researchers and policy-makers
it is important to note that the data from the current study represent the special education practices and policies that were relevant for individuals born between 1980 and 1994
It is possible that subsequent modifications to IDEA
including stronger support for preschool special education services
the introduction of the autism category in 1990
and changes in learning disability diagnosis criteria in 2004 (34 C.F.R
have altered which individuals qualify for services and how services are implemented
Future research could address these possibilities
the current study is a reflection of the current life circumstances of today&#x00027;s adults
and any examination of IDEA is a time-sensitive reflection of an evolving and dynamic set of services
Further analyses using latent growth curve modeling and/or individual growth modeling methodology could be utilized to test for differences in individuals&#x00027; trajectories across time, along with multiple outcomes and across multiple cohorts (<a href="#B25">Singer and Willett, 2003</a>; <a href="#B24">Shogren et al., 2016</a>)
such analyses can help determine if children who received special education services experience different growth trajectories than their regular education counterparts (e.g.
were participants making less money at age 20 but not at age 30?)
They could also determine if the outcomes between the two groups were due to contextual factors associated with that specific time period (e.g.
did children who received services in the late 1990&#x00027;s fare better than those who received services in the early 1990s?)
The positive outcomes experienced by the Hispanic population in our study emphasize the importance of continuing to collect more data and monitor the life-long outcomes of this sample and future special education recipients. This is particularly pertinent given that the enrollment of Hispanic students nearly doubled between 1990 and 2006 (<a href="#B17">Pew Research Center, 2008</a>)
their historical progress within special education may be different compared to their White and Black counterparts
examining the potentially unique nuances of the cultural
and educational factors within the population as they relate to special education is not within the scope of this study
but an important topic for future researchers and policy makers
Much of the research on links between special education services and outcomes focus on the students who are receiving services while they are still in school
Far less is known about the relationship between IDEA and post-secondary outcomes and
outcomes that extend beyond one year of their high school graduation
Research on IDEA is also complicated by issues surrounding selection bias
the dynamic nature of the policy and services rendered
and the wide variability with which services are practiced
matched-pairs propensity analyses on the NLSY and corresponding CYA datasets can be particularly valuable for examining the links between specific special education services and targeted outcomes beyond the school years
our analyses suggest that Hispanic students who received special education services experience more positive outcomes compared to their non-Hispanic counterparts
the important role of propensity on adulthood outcomes suggests that practitioners might consider tailoring their services more to the contextual factors that increase the likelihood of receiving services (e.g.
neighborhood quality) in addition to the symptoms and behaviors that are associated with the specific diagnosis
The datasets for this study can be found at <a href="https://www.bls.gov/nls/nlsy79.htm">https://www.bls.gov/nls/nlsy79.htm</a>
The data used in this study were collected using procedures that comply with Federal law and the policies and guidelines of the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (<a href="https://www.nlsinfo.org/content/cohorts/nlsy97/intro-to-thesample/confidentiality-informed-consent">https://www.nlsinfo.org/content/cohorts/nlsy97/intro-to-thesample/confidentiality-informed-consent</a>)
TK devised the theoretical and analytical framework
JW contributed to the theoretical framework and writing
BM conducted the regression analyses and contributed to the theoretical framework
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
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Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis: Modeling Change and Event Occurrence
doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195152968.001.0001
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Addressing special education inequity through systemic change: contributions of ecologically based organizational consultation
Do preschool special education services make a difference in kindergarten reading and mathematics skills
Critical practice analysis of special education policy: an RTI example
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0741932514550812" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a> | <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?author=K.+A.+K.+Thorius&#x00026;author=B.+D.+Maxcy+&#x00026;publication_year=2015&#x00026;title=Critical+practice+analysis+of+special+education+policy%3A+an+RTI+example&#x00026;journal=Remed.+Spec.+Edu.&#x00026;volume=36&#x00026;pages=116-124" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a>
Putting Alternate Assessments into Practice: What to Measure and 550 Possible Sources of Data
National Center on 551 Educational Outcomes
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Wai J and Miranda B (2019) Exploring the Links Between Receiving Special Education Services and Adulthood Outcomes
Received: 11 March 2019; Accepted: 24 May 2019; Published: 14 June 2019
Copyright &#x000A9; 2019 Kanaya, Wai and Miranda. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)</a>
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&#x0002A;Correspondence: Tomoe Kanaya, <a id="encmail">dGthbmF5YUBjbWMuZWR1</a>
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Today’s #VeteranOfTheDay is Army Veteran Jimmie Kanaya
Jimmie Kanaya was born in Clackamas, Oregon, in October 1920. Growing up, he was <a href="http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/vhp/story/loc.natlib.afc2001001.21666/" rel="noopener">impressed by the military</a>, with both the National Guard and the Navy having a presence in the area. With World War II escalating abroad, <a href="https://www.ww2online.org/view/jimmie-kanaya#joining-the-army-after-high-school-and-becoming-a-medic" rel="noopener">Kanaya enlisted in the Army in April 1941</a>
With the rumor of an all-Japanese-American regiment’s formation circulating
he was assigned as a technical sergeant of the medical detachment to the 442nd Regimental Combat Team
gaining recognition and receiving a battlefield commission as a second lieutenant
After the Allies tried to free the prisoners in Hammelburg
including one attempt where he hid for 10 days but had to come back to the camp having no food
Kanaya was assigned as a translator and interrogator for the Allied Translator and Interpreter Services in Tokyo
He served in a similar role in South Korea during the Korean War
serving in the Military Assistance Advisory Group’s Medical Department Operations where he was a training advisor to South Vietnamese forces
he also received his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in education
Kanaya received a number of awards and medals
a Bronze Star with Valor and two Oak Leaf Clusters
a Presidential Unit Citation and a Congressional Gold Medal
Kanaya died in November 2019 and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia
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This #VeteranOfTheDay profile was created with interviews submitted to the Veterans History Project. The project collects, preserves, and makes accessible the personal accounts of American war Veterans so that future generations may hear directly from Veterans and better understand the realities of war. Find out more at <a href="http://www.loc.gov/vets/" rel="noopener">http://www.loc.gov/vets/</a>
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 Very impressive career and one that he can be very proud of for serving his country in three wars
 I hope he had a very peaceful enjoyable retirement from 1974 until he passed on in 2019&#8230; he deserved it
This week’s Honoring Veterans Spotlight honors the service of Army Veteran Cruz Roque-Vicens
Roque-Vicens went on to have a successful career as a sports journalist
this week's #HonoringVeterans spotlight honors the service of Army Veteran and NPS employee Charles Barr
This week’s Honoring Veterans Spotlight honors the service of Army Veteran Albert Tristan
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became a prisoner of war in Germany after his family had been put behind barbed wire at home in the States
He went on to be a decorated three-war veteran and friend of The National WWII Museum who passed away November 7
Jimmie Kanaya was born in 1920 to Japanese immigrants in Clackamas
he was fascinated by the military and he enlisted in the Army in April 1941
all Japanese Americans were subjected to suspicion and prejudice
even those serving their country in the US military
Japanese Americans were declared “enemy aliens” and were thus ineligible for service
Those already in service were not considered for combat and were in limbo as the military decided what to do with them
Kanaya was transferred from Hoff General Hospital in Santa Barbara where he was serving as a medic and moved further inland (out of the “Exclusion Zone” from which Japanese Americans were removed according to Executive Order 9066 issued in February 1942)
Kanaya was given a short leave to visit his family and help sell their belongings as they were forced from their home and sent to the assembly center in Portland
a round-up point before being sent to the incarceration camp
Kanaya returned to his post at Camp Crowder
Kanaya continued on in service in the Midwest at Camp Crowder and then Ft
It would be several months before he and other Japanese Americans were given the opportunity many had been waiting for
the chance to prove themselves in combat and on the battlefield
Kanaya and other Japanese Americans who had been in the military prior to Pearl Harbor formed the backbone of the newly-formed segregated outfit
The 442 completed intensive infantry training at Camp Shelby
where they joined troops from the extent 100th Infantry Battalion composed of Japanese Americans from Hawaii (who unlike those from the mainland US were a significant portion of the population and were not sent to camps)
Before Kanaya was shipped to serve overseas with the 442
he was able to visit his parents twice at Minidoka War Relocation Center in Idaho
Walking through the camp in his Army uniform
no home-cooked food or other comforts of home
His former friends shunned him and he felt out of place
The 442 left the US in May 1944 and joined up again
with the 100th Infantry Battalion which had left earlier while the 442 stayed behind in Mississippi to continue training
The 100th Infantry Battalion had already suffered tremendous losses in Italy
“Purple Heart Battalion” and they would continue to do so
Kanaya would later receive the Silver Star
he was recommended for the Bronze Star while his unit was hung up in taking an Italian town
Kanaya went in alone and without cover to try to evacuate his platoon sergeant who was mortally wounded trying to make an advance
Kanaya took other risks on the battlefield
He was able to negotiate a short truce with the Germans near the banks of the Arno River to be able to pick up some of the dead that he had left behind in order to evacuate the wounded
he received a battlefield commission from Mark Clark
Kanaya’s role as a medic caused him to isolate himself
“I couldn’t really get too close to anybody
I felt that if I did and he gets killed then I’m going to be lamenting about it
the unit was moved from Italy to southern France and in October they made their way to the Vosges Mountains
during an overnight operation to evacuate wounded troops
He spent the rest of the war as a POW of the Germans
German interrogators would fixate on the question of why the Nisei (first generation Japanese Americans) were fighting for America
He spent the rest of the war behind barbed wire as his parents had before him in the US
Kanaya said “My parents’ example taught me to be a survivor.” In January 1945
Kanaya and the other POWs were ordered on a forced march from the camp
arriving eight weeks later at Oflag XIIIB at Hammelburg
attending Military Intelligence Service Language School and continued to serve his country during the Korean and Vietnam Wars
he attended college and received a Master’s Degree in Education
After 34 years in the Army and service in three wars
Jimmie Kanaya retired in 1974 from his last post as Deputy Commandant
Col. Kanaya and his wife Lynn were dear friends of the Museum. Col. Kanaya was featured in the Museum’s exhibits&nbsp;<a href="https://guestsofthethirdreich.org/home/">Guests of the Third Reich: American POWs in Europe</a>&nbsp;and <a href="https://barbedwiretobattlefields.org/battlefields/">From Barbed Wire to Battlefields: Japanese American Experiences in World&nbsp;War II</a>.&nbsp;
View Jimmie Kanaya's oral history&nbsp;on the Museum's Digital Collections website that&nbsp;is home to thousands of oral histories and hundreds of thousands of photographs
Kimberly Guise holds a BA in German and Judaic Studies from the University of Massachusetts Amherst
She also studied at the Universität Freiburg in Germany and holds a masters in Library and Information Science (MLIS) from Louisiana State University
and specializes in the American prisoner-of-war experience in World War II
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the day after V-E Day was officially confirmed
Eleanor Roosevelt reflects on the cautious mood
along with his fellow RAF pilots who have been revered as “the Few,” played a critical role in defending the United Kingdom against Nazi Germany during the summer of 1940.&nbsp;
US Third and Seventh Armies' March 1945 offensive cleared the Rhineland
pushing deep into Germany and decisively weakening German defenses before the final Allied push
Adolf Eichmann initially escaped justice by fleeing to Argentina
where he hid out for nearly a decade until he was kidnapped by Israeli intelligence operatives and taken to Israel for trial
Before the Allies could cross the Rhine River
Bernard Montgomery’s forces first had to pry the German defenders away from its western bank with two simultaneous operations: Veritable and Grenade.&nbsp;
The Tuskegee Airmen National Historical Museum confirmed retired Lieutenant Colonel Harry Stewart Jr.'s death
saying he passed away peacefully at his home in Bloomfield Hills
a lesser-known but significant offensive in Alsace in January 1945
But why did Hitler choose to draw the United States directly into the European conflict
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He had an exceptionally successful amateur career and was world ranked number 1 in the World Amateur Golf Ranking for 55 weeks
He also won a professional event on the 2019 Japan Golf Tour while still an amateur
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the first long-term study that aims to better understand the factors leading to heart disease in South Asians in the United States and guide prevention and treatment
it has enrolled more than 1,150 South Asian immigrants living in the San Francisco Bay Area and greater Chicago area
most of whom have spent decades in the United States
A key finding of the MASALA study was that South Asians have a tendency to store body fat near organs
raising the risk of diabetes and heart disease
The importance of the MASALA study was highlighted when the American Heart Association’s latest cholesterol guidelines cited its data as the basis for identifying South Asians as a high-risk group that should be carefully considered for statin treatment
who graduated from the UCSF Medical School in 1995
She earned her Bachelor of Science degree in Biochemistry from the University of California
<a href="https://profiles.ucsf.edu/alka.kanaya" rel="noreferrer">UCSF Profile</a>
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Kanaya+AM%5BAuthor%5D" rel="noreferrer">Publications</a> 
<a href="https://www.masalastudy.org/" rel="noreferrer">The Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study</a>
<a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/education-and-awareness/heart-truth" rel="noreferrer">The Heart Truth</a>
<a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/high-blood-triglycerides" rel="noreferrer">High Blood Triglycerides Health Topic</a>
<a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/stroke" rel="noreferrer">Stroke Health Topic</a>
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Shizuoka Prefecture--Thomas the Tank Engine is back in action for the year
The steam locomotive modeled after the popular cartoon character is operated by Oigawa Railway Co.
The tourist attraction runs a distance of 17.7 kilometers
making a 100-minute round trip between Shin-Kanaya and Kawane-Onsen-Sasamado stations on the Oigawa Main Line
mainly during the summer vacation and on weekends
The special service was initially introduced in 2014
running between Shin-Kanaya and Senzu stations
The full stretch of the line was shut temporarily due to typhoon damage in September 2022
The train operated between Shin-Kanaya and Ieyama stations in 2023
the route was extended to Kawane-Onsen-Sasamado Station
we have managed to operate the train until today," said President Hajime Suzuki during a news event held June 6
About 100 local kindergartners were invited to the event
and they then took a fun round-trip ride on their favorite train
Round-trip tickets between Shin-Kanaya and Kawane-Onsen-Sasamado stations cost 3,820 yen ($24) for adults and 1,930 yen for children
Tickets targeted at tourists getting off at Ieyama Station on their return trip are 2,630 yen for adults and 1,330 yen for children
One-way tickets from Ieyama to Shin-Kanaya Station are 1,190 yen for adults and 600 yen for children
visit the official website at (https://daitetsu.jp/eng/thomas)
Scenic trolley train at Kurobe Gorge to partly open April 20
New bullet train service for Nishi-Kyushu gets thumbs up
New Shinkansen adds 18 km to ‘longest one-way train trip’
Hokuriku bullet train to extend to Tsuruga starting March 16
New Spacia X express train to connect Asakusa with Nikko 
Information on the latest cherry blossom conditions
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A series based on diplomatic documents declassified by Japan’s Foreign Ministry
Here is a collection of first-hand accounts by “hibakusha” atomic bomb survivors
chefs and others involved in the field of food introduce their special recipes intertwined with their paths in life
A series about Japanese-Americans and their memories of World War II
<a href="/ajw/inhouse_news/">In-house News and Messages</a>
No reproduction or republication without written permission
The <a href="https://www.tomahawknation.com">Florida State Seminoles</a> offseason roster overhaul has been in full swing as of late
or in this case a decision to leave football
it has been a myriad of moves in the last month
Reported earlier this month by 247Sports as a likely outcome, the updated roster release today confirmed that offensive lineman Kanaya Charlton has made the decision to step away from the <a href="https://www.tomahawknation.com/">Florida State</a> football team
Charlton only recorded two snaps this season and eleven in total over his two seasons in Tallahassee
It was the expectation since the time of his committment that the redshirt freshman would require a few years in the program before being ready to contribute significant snaps for the Seminoles
His official <a href="https://seminoles.com/sports/football/roster/kanaya-charlton/5550">FSU bio:</a>
Appeared in five games…ACC Honor Roll...Seminole Scholar…made collegiate debut in season-opening 47-7 win vs
Duquesne…also saw action in 45-3 victory at Miami
Louisiana and 35-32 Cheez-It Bowl victory vs
Consensus three-star ranked 30th among offensive guards in America and No
65 among all prospects from Georgia by Rivals…rated as No
70 interior offensive lineman nationally and No
122 overall prospect in Georgia on 247 Composite…tabbed 64th among offensive guards nationally and 121st among prospects from Georgia by ESPN…ranked 103rd among all interior linemen in Class of 2022 by 247Sports…helped lead Pirates to second round of 2021 GHSA AAAAAA playoffs with 11-1 record…blocked for offense that rushed for 45 touchdowns and averaged 6.1 yards per carry
 <a href="https://shrsl.com/44f3m">Shop FSU Seminoles Merch </a> 
Thomas the Tank Engine fans are now able to enjoy a longer ride on their favorite train after a section of central Japan line on which the tourist attraction runs was reopened on Saturday thanks to track repairs made in the wake of a 2022 typhoon
was crowded with families and other "Thomas &amp; Friends" enthusiasts taking pictures of the blue and red train made famous by the long-running British television program
The train departed the station at 9:30 a.m
carrying its passengers away for the now-extended 100-minute round trip
The full-size Thomas the Tank Engine now pulls its carriages over a distance of 17.7 kilometers between Shin-Kanaya and Kawane-Onsen-Sasamado Station
again giving passengers a view of the Oi River as the train crosses a bridge
Oigawa Railway began operating its Thomas the Tank Engine attraction in 2014
but the track was damaged due to torrential rains caused by a typhoon in September 2022
two more Oigawa Line stations have been added to the service
"The scenery from the window was impressive and my son enjoyed it," Takafumi Yoshida
"I am glad that we came all the way here."
<a title="Kyodo News Plus" href="/news/2024/05/443810da2cca-japan-bullet-trains-host-wrestling-dining-events-in-new-travel-trend.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Japan bullet trains host wrestling, dining events in new travel trend</a>
<a title="Kyodo News Plus" href="/news/2024/05/87d634281c1d-japans-maglev-project-in-focus-as-shizuoka-election-campaign-starts.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Japan's maglev project in focus as Shizuoka election campaign starts</a>
<a title="Kyodo News Plus" href="/news/2024/05/2aef43783f59-japan-to-provide-140-bil-yen-loan-to-jakarta-for-rapid-train-project.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Japan to provide 140 billion yen loan to Jakarta for rapid train project</a>
UC San Francisco primary care physician and researcher
is being recognized with the 2023 Kelly West Award for Outstanding Achievement in Epidemiology from the American Diabetes Association (ADA)
The award recognizes significant contributions to the field of diabetes epidemiology
Kanaya’s clinical research focuses on the causes and prevention of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
She has developed a three-pronged research program to investigate the relationship between type 2 diabetes
The first study arm uses existing studies to test new biomarkers (measurable substances in the body) that predict diabetes and cardiovascular disease
behavioral and biological risk factors in South Asian patients who have a higher cardiometabolic disease prevalence compared with other ethnic groups
The final arm studies behavioral interventions
to determine whether they prevent the onset of diabetes in high-risk groups
Kanaya has concentrated on clinical/epidemiologic research in type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease prevention,” wrote ADA
“She has focused her research on Asian American health disparities over the past two decades and has made seminal contributions in this area with the creation of a South Asian longitudinal cohort study and with analyses from other large datasets
including from the Northern California Kaiser Permanente data
and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
She has led the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study to better understand factors driving the high-risk factor prevalence among South Asians.”
and am very grateful to my mentors and my MASALA team for their support and dedication,” said Kanaya
The Kelly West Award is one of the 2023 National Scientific and Health Care Achievement Awards
and educators who have contributed to substantial advances in the field of diabetes care and research
Kanaya and other award recipients will be recognized at an awards ceremony during the ADA’s 83rd Scientific Sessions
Kanaya will also deliver the Kelly West Award lecture on Saturday
<a href="https://medicine.ucsf.edu/people/alka-kanaya">Kanaya</a>
where she completed a residency in primary care internal medicine and a fellowship in general internal medicine
Kanaya is a specialist in internal medicine who provides primary care for UCSF Health
About UCSF Health: UCSF Health is recognized worldwide for its innovative patient care
advanced technologies and pioneering research
It includes the flagship UCSF Medical Center
as well as UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospitals
with campuses in San Francisco and Oakland
Langley Porter Psychiatric Hospital and Clinics
UCSF Benioff Children’s Physicians and the UCSF Faculty Practice
These hospitals serve as the academic medical center of the University of California
which is world-renowned for its graduate-level health sciences education and biomedical research
UCSF Health has affiliations with hospitals and health organizations throughout the Bay Area
Follow UCSF Health on Facebook or on Twitter
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FLORIDA - MARCH 03: Takumi Kanaya of Japan plays his second shot on the par 4
first hole during the first round of the Arnold Palmer Invitational presented by Mastercard at Arnold Palmer Bay Hill Golf Course on March 03
Takumi Kanaya could be an overlooked bracket buster this week
the former top-ranked amateur in the world already has three wins on the Japan Tour and is a candidate to make this year’s International Team for the Presidents Cup
He also finished seventh in this season’s ZOZO CHAMPIONSHIP in Japan and he even shares an alma mater
To learn more about the equipment setup of this rising star
who’s currently the collegiate player development manager at Ping (and a former college teammate of Tiger Woods)
Below are three noteworthy takeaways from Yanagisawa on Kanaya&#x27;s unique equipment setup
According to Yanagisawa, Kanaya tests all the new products, but he’s particular about his golf clubs. He launches the ball low, so he works to increase his launch angle to carry the ball farther. But he also doesn’t want the ball to spin too much.
Apparently, the Ping G410 series still fits his eye and his performance preferences just right.
“Once he gets set and comfortable, he just rides that out,” Yanagisawa told GolfWRX. “He’ll play the same clubs until he finds something better. He always tests everything and we’ll take numbers, but at the end of the day, he keeps playing what he’s comfortable with.”
The same goes for his putter. Kanaya has been using the same Ping Sigma2 Arna putter since his amateur days, and it has a special hosel that was only released in limited markets overseas.
Take it from Takumi: Comfort with performance is often better than going with something new just to do it.
It’s not often that you see a golfer use two irons with same number on them, but Kanaya has a specific reason.
According to Yanagisawa, Kanaya is precise with the yardage gaps between his irons. He doesn’t want the gaps between clubs to be too far apart or too close together.
While the two Ping irons both say “5” on their soles, the irons are two different models that were designed for different performance characteristics.
His Ping i210 5-iron is designed for better players, but with a touch of forgiveness added. While it has a cavity-back construction with perimeter weighting for additional relief on mishits, it has a compact shape, reduced offset and a thin topline. Kanaya carries that club 210 yards.
His Ping G710 5-iron, on the other hand, is more of a game-improvement club that has a fast face made for higher launch and more carry distance. While his G710 also is a 5-iron, it’s designed to fly farther and higher than Kanaya’s i210 5-iron. He hits the G710 5-iron 230 yards.
For amateur golfers, it’s important to hit all of the clubs in your bag on a launch monitor to see exactly how far they fly. You may notice you have two clubs that fly about the same distance. In that case, you’ll want to find a different club to replace one of them, since there’s no sense in having two clubs that serve the same purpose.
Kanaya’s highest lofted wedge is a Ping Glide Forged Pro 60-degree lob wedge, which is only 2 degrees more than his 58-degree sand wedge.
“What’s the point of having two wedges so close together in loft?” you may be wondering.
Well, Kanaya doesn’t hit full shots often with his 60-degree wedge. For longer shots, Kanaya opts for the 58-degree wedge, which is slightly easier to hit and more forgiving on full swings. He keeps the 60-degree wedge in his bag for specialty shots around the green when he needs the extra loft.
“He likes to have that 60-degree for certain shots around the greens,” Yanagisawa said. “He’s a very good short-game player. He’s world class, in my opinion. He uses the 58-degree for full shots and most of his chipping, but for many specialty shots around the green, he uses the 60-degree.”
For amateurs, it’s important to take a good, hard look at your wedge setup and why you have certain wedges in the bag. It could be in your best interest to get rid of the lob wedge altogether and fill your bag with clubs that are slightly easier to hit on long shots. Remember, the lob wedge is a specialty club, not a prerequisite.
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Anger suppression is important in our daily life
as its failure can sometimes lead to the breaking down of relationships in families
effective strategies to suppress or neutralise anger have been examined
This study shows that physical disposal of a piece of paper containing one’s written thoughts on the cause of a provocative event neutralises anger
participants wrote brief opinions about social problems and received a handwritten
insulting comment consisting of low evaluations about their composition from a confederate
the participants wrote the cause and their thoughts about the provocative event
Half of the participants (disposal group) disposed of the paper in the trash can (Experiment 1) or in the shredder (Experiment 2)
while the other half (retention group) kept it in a file on the desk
All the participants showed an increased subjective rating of anger after receiving the insulting feedback
the subjective anger for the disposal group decreased as low as the baseline period
while that of the retention group was still higher than that in the baseline period in both experiments
We propose this method as a powerful and simple way to eliminate anger
when presented in a defused format (‘I am having a thought that my life is pointless’)
could decrease the emotional discomfort related to that statement
Such access to physical objects can significantly modify individuals’ ability to manage their emotions
throwing an object associated with negative emotions (anger) may result in losing the negative emotions (anger)
no study has tested whether the disposal of anger-written paper can reduce or even eliminate anger
This simple method of eliminating anger could potentially contribute to effective parental anger management toward their children
a within-subjects measurement correlation of 0.5
The calculation suggested a sample size of 22 participants in each group
we concluded that the sample size was appropriate for this study
The participants were required to read the feedback ratings and comments silently for two minutes
they filled out the subjective emotional questionnaires (PANAS and anger adjectives) for the post-provocation period
the participants were asked to write every thought of them on receiving the feedback and were given three minutes for this
The instruction was ‘Think about the event from your own perspective
Concentrate especially on the things that originally triggered the emotions and your reactions’
We added guide questions (‘Why were you feeling this way?’
‘What made you feel this way?’) to induce analytical rumination
To allow the participants to write about their honest feelings
they were informed that the written paper would not be seen by anyone
the participants were asked to review the sentences carefully for 30 s
The participants in the disposal group rolled up the paper into a crumpled ball
threw the paper into the trash can held by the experimenter
both groups of participants filled out the subjective emotional questionnaires (anger adjectives and PANAS) for the post-writing period
all participants were debriefed and informed of the truth
They were also assured that the evaluations of their essays had been prepared in advance
Angry feelings were analysed using a 2 (group: disposal or retention) × 3 (period: at baseline
All significance levels were set at p &lt; 0.05
We used the Greenhouse–Geisser correction when Mauchly’s test of sphericity was violated
multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction method were used to assess the differences
We also report Bayes factors (BFs) from the Bayesian repeated measures ANOVA in JASP<a data-track="click" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-test="citation-ref" aria-label="Reference 43" title="JASP Team. (2020). JASP (Version 0.7) [Computer software]. &#xA;                  https://jasp-stats.org&#xA;                  &#xA;                " href="/articles/s41598-024-57916-z#ref-CR43" id="ref-link-section-d459553885e659">43</a>
BF10 values reflect the probability of an alternative relative to the null hypothesis
BFs greater than 3 indicate support for the hypotheses
A BF favouring the alternative over the null hypothesis (BF10) offers strong evidence for the alternative hypothesis when it is over 10
Values less than 0.33 indicate support for the null hypothesis
and values between 0.33 and 3 indicate data insensitivity
We also reported 95%  confidence intervals
We aimed to examine (1) whether angry feelings resumed in the disposal group
and (2) whether angry feelings were different between the groups after the disposal or retention treatments
while we also verified PANAS scores using a 2 (group: disposal or retention) × 3 (period: at baseline
All participants were paid for their participation and had provided written informed consent in accordance with the procedures before participation
The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences at Nagoya University (201104-C-02–02)
All methods were carried out in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki
All participants provided their written and informed consent prior to starting the study
</a>Self-reported anger during Experiment 1 (left) and Experiment 2 (right)
Significant differences emerged at the end of time due to experimental manipulations
Possible values for anger range from 1 to 6
Each vertical line illustrates the 95% confidence intervals for each group
The negative affect subscale of the PANAS at post-provocation (Mdisposal = 3.10
3.47]) was higher than at baseline (Mdisposal = 2.45
The 95% CIs of the disposal group overlapped a little bit between post-provocation [2.70
and those of the retention group overlapped between both the post-provocation [2.64
The 95% CIs for the post-writing means partially overlapped between the groups
A 2 (group) × 3 (period) mixed ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of period [F (2
BF10 = 0.32] and the interaction between group and period were not significant [F (2
Multiple comparisons with the Bonferroni method revealed that the subjective negative affect post-provocation was significantly higher than at baseline and post-writing (ps &lt; 0.05)
The PANAS positive affect subscale showed little variation at three periods (Mdisposal = 2.33
A 2 × 3 mixed ANOVA revealed that neither main effects nor interaction was significant (Fs &lt; 0.90
This study examined whether writing about the provocative event and disposing of the paper into a trash can would suppress anger
The provocation treatments evoked anger in both the groups similarly
the retention group still showed significantly higher anger compared to levels at the baseline period
while the disposal group completely eliminated their anger after the disposal of the anger-written paper
These results suggest that the disposal of the paper containing ruminated anger into the trash can neutralise anger
Our interpretation is that the act of throwing the paper with ruminated anger into the trash can produces a feeling similar to the psychological existence (anger) being discarded
since the psychological entity (anger) was disposed along with the physical object (anger-written paper)
This study could not exclude throwing action's potential contribution to neutralising anger
we conducted another experiment to exclude the potential contribution of the throwing action as much as possible
confirm the effectiveness of the disposal method
suggesting that the perceived meaning of actions
we designed a new study to confirm whether the perceived meaning of action eliminates anger
We predicted that putting the paper in a shredder would reduce negative emotions (anger)
a within-participants measurement correlation of 0.5
the data of two participants were excluded from the final analysis because they correctly guessed the purpose of the experiment and did not express anger by insult (subjective ratings of anger were lower or the same as those at the baseline)
Our final analysis included 46 participants (women = 23
a dustbin-type shredder (ACCO Brands Japan Corp
This shredder (30 cm × 10 cm × 28 cm) cuts paper into pieces of 2 mm × 14 mm on putting the paper in from the top
The lower part of the shredder holds a transparent dustbin
so that the pieces of paper can be observed from the outside
a hand-made clear plastic box (23 cm × 5 cm × 30 cm) was used
the box is also transparent so that the paper in the box can be observed from the outside
</a>Pictures of experimental manipulations in Experiment 2
The disposal group (left) put the paper into the shredder
while the retention group (right) put the paper into the transparent box
The right panel of Fig. <a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="figure anchor" href="/articles/s41598-024-57916-z#Fig1">1</a> shows the mean subjective anger ratings for the disposal and retention groups at the three time points (baseline
This pattern of results is similar to that of Experiment 1
Subjective ratings of anger in both groups increased after provocation (Mdisposal = 3.14
Subjective ratings at post-writing decreased from post-provocation
those of the retention group were still higher than those of the baseline (Mretention = 2.75
while those of the disposal group were eliminated at the same level as the baseline (Mdisposal = 1.98
Only a small overlap (0.04) was observed in the 95% CI for the mean post-writing scores between the groups
A 2 (group: disposal or retention) × 3 (period: at baseline
and post-writing) mixed model ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of period [F (2
while the main effect of group was not significant [F (1
The interaction between group and period was significant [F (2
Multiple comparisons with the Bonferroni method revealed that subjective anger was significantly higher at post-provocation than baseline (p &lt; 0.05)
indicating that provocative manipulation was exerted
Subjective ratings of anger at post-writing decreased significantly compared to post-provocation (p &lt; 0.05)
the subjective ratings of the retention group in the post-writing period were still maintained at the same level of anger as those of the post-provocation period (p &gt; 0.05)
those of the disposal group in the post-writing period were significantly lower than those of the post-provocation period (p &lt; 0.05)
the subjective ratings of the retention group in the post-writing period were significantly higher than those of the baseline period (p &lt; 0.05)
Those of the disposal group in the post-writing period were eliminated to the baseline period (p &gt; 0.05)
The subjective ratings of the disposal group in the post-writing period were significantly lower than those of the retention group (p &lt; 0.05)
The negative affect subscale of the PANAS at post-provocation (Mdisposal = 3.34
3.73]) was higher than at baseline (Mdisposal = 2.60
The 95% CIs of the disposal group overlapped a little bit between post-provocation [2.88
and those of the retention group overlapped between both the post-provocation [2.98
BF10 = 0.33] and the interaction between group and period were not significant [F (2
The positive affect subscale of the PANAS showed little variation at the three-time points (Mdisposal = 2.88
A 2 × 3 mixed ANOVA revealed that neither the main effects nor interaction were significant (Fs &lt; 2.28
The results were essentially the same as those of Experiment 1
The disposal group significantly reduced their anger after disposing of the anger-written paper into the shredder
The retention group showed significantly higher anger than the baseline period and disposal group
These results suggest that the results in Experiment 1 could be attributed neither to the physical distance between the participant and the paper nor to the action itself (i.e
Experiment 2 replicated the results of Experiment 1 and excluded the embodied explanation (the sensorimotor experience of throwing the paper) because the action of the disposal group was quite similar to that of the retention group in Experiment 2
The distance between participant and paper was the same in both groups
as the transparent box and shredder were placed on the desk
This study aimed to determine whether the disposal of anger-written papers could eliminate or at least reduce subjective anger
either by throwing the paper into a trash can or placing it into the shredder
We propose that this anger reduction method is quite effective
so the subjective ratings of anger resumed as much as the baseline levels
We believe that this method can be used in daily life and especially for populations characterised by extreme levels of anger and aggression in their home
The use of this method may potentially contribute to emotion socialization
as parents are the primary model for their children
Their experiment tested whether certain behaviors could lower the perceived likelihood of bad luck
Participants who threw a ball believed that a jinxed-negative outcome was less likely than those who held the ball
They demonstrated that engaging in an avoidant action rather than creating physical distance was critical for reversing the perceived effect of the jinx
The results of Experiment 1 in this study are consistent with their results
we demonstrated that neither avoidance action nor physical distance was crucial in reducing subjective anger
these emotions are reduced when the objects are destroyed
such as throwing them in a septic tank or burning them
The phenomenon of ‘magical contagion’ or ‘celebrity contagion’ refers to the belief that the ‘essence’ of an individual can be transferred to their possessions
This backward magical contagion operates in a reversed process
where manipulating an object associated with a person is thought to impact the individuals themselves
The current study's findings may be explained by the concept of backward magical contagion
which posits that negative emotions can be transferred from others to an individual through their possessions
This study did not involve the direct mediation of other individuals
The neutralization of subjective anger through the disposal of an object may be achieved by recognizing that the physical entity
thus causing the original emotion to also disappear
some limitations regarding this disposal method should be addressed in future studies
the findings of this study are based on the assumption that participants identified their subjective anger with the paper
subjective anger had gone with the anger-written paper after its disposal
The participants were asked to review the sentences carefully for 30 s to enhance this identification between thought and paper
It is not clear whether this review process is necessary for identification
Another limitation is that we did not test a digital device
We believe the present disposal method can be generalised to a digital device
whereas empirical data are limited only by physical entities
Suppose the disposal method is proven to be effective in digital devices
such as business meetings or daily conversations in schools
by writing and disposing of with a smartphone
the disposal method with low cognitive effort used in this study may be more effective for individuals with lower levels of trait self-control than for those with high trait self-control
Future research should examine whether personality traits moderate the relationship between the disposal method and the expected outcomes
neglecting to investigate whether these strategies are equally effective in managing anger that persists over time
it is not always feasible to implement anger regulation strategies immediately after anger arises
to ascertain its practical utility in real-world settings
it is imperative to examine whether the effectiveness of the disposal method varies with the duration of anger
As it may not be easy to write down analytically
the disposal method will gain further strength if it is valid by experiential rumination
an increase in the subjective scores of negative emotion (assessed using the PANAS) remained unchanged
regardless of the presence or absence of an apology comment
They proposed anger as not a unitary process but one that comprises multiple independent components (subjective anger and negative feelings)
If the anger scale used in this study reflects the approach motivation component of anger as well as the STAXI
the disposal method appears to specifically suppress the components of anger’s approach motivation (aggression) and can be used to reduce aggression as a clinical technique
this is the first study to be designed and used to conveniently eliminate subjective anger by interacting with physical entities
It offers a cost-effective and easy-to-use method to reduce anger by rumination about the provocative event
Anyone with a pen and piece of paper can use this method
Suppose one maintains a diary or a personal log
they can write down a provocative event on the day on the memo pad
and throwing it into the trash can eliminate the provocative event
This action may help neutralize the negative emotions associated with the event
potentially protecting the children’s emotional socialization
This study presents a new and convenient method for eliminating subjective anger
This method offers a cost-effective way to eliminate anger in various situations
applying it to a digital device or creating a specific application) could be useful in various daily situations as well as behavioural therapies
for someone who has difficulty suppressing their anger in their homes
The datasets used and analysed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request
and Trans.) (Original work published 45) (W
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This study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 21K18552 and 21H04421
by Aoyama Gakuin University grant for ‘Projection Science,’ and by JST SPRING
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Japanese players have been part of the PGA TOUR fabric since as far back as 1929 and Kanaya is likely to be the next star from a proud golf nation
Isao Aoki became the first winner from Japan on the PGA TOUR in 1983 and since we’ve seen the likes of Shigeki Maruyama, Masashi “Jumbo” Ozaki, Tommy Nakajima, Ryuji Imada, Ryo Ishikawa, Satoshi Kodaira and, of course, Hideki Matsuyama blaze paths in the golf world.
Now the progression continues with an emerging talent who recently turned professional and was seventh in his pro debut at last week’s Japan Open. Before turning pro, the 22-year-old was the winner of this year’s Mark H. McCormack Medal as the world’s top amateur. Past recipients of the award include Jon Rahm, Patrick Cantlay, Joaquin Niemann, Nick Taylor and Matthew Fitzpatrick.
Kanaya won the 2018 Asia-Pacific Amateur and made the cut in his Masters debut last year, including a third-round 68 at Augusta National. Including last week’s finish in Japan, he has finished in the top 10 in four of his last five starts on professional circuits. That includes a win on the Japan Tour while he was still an amateur and a third-place finish in the Australian Open.
This week, Kanaya is playing his first PGA TOUR event as a professional, the ZOZO CHAMPIONSHIP @ SHERWOOD. Get to know the rising star before he tees off in Southern California.
How did you get started and fall in love with the game? When did you realize it could be something to pursue as a career?
I began playing at the age of five having been influenced by my parents who love the game. I grew up watching Tiger Woods play and it was natural to be aspired. I played other sports such as baseball and basketball as I loved sports in general but golf was always at the center and I decided to pursue my career in golf at junior high school.
Who is your favorite player? And is there a player you tried to emulate or model your game after?
Tiger Woods and Matsuyama-san (Hideki) are my favorite players. I also look up to Adam Scott through his professionalism. I saw a junior clinic and attended his seminar when he played the Japan Open which was very informative. Also Adam tries to play the Australian Open each year and when I played it last year I really felt that the people in Australia love him. I’d like to do the same for the Japan Open, for my country and the golf fans in Japan.
You had a very impressive amateur career with highlights like winning the Asia Pacific Amateur, winning on the Japan Tour and getting to the top of the world rankings to win the McCormack medal. What has been the most pleasing achievement during your progression and why?
I’m proud of the Asia Pacific Amateur win which has given me a chance to play at Augusta National in the Masters and at the Open Championship. The experience through those big events gave me a confidence boost which led to my win at the Mitsui Sumitomo VISA Taiheiyo Masters and eventually winning the McCormack Medal.
What are your interests away from the golf course? If you weren’t a professional golfer what do you think you might do?
I love sports in general but if I had to choose one, it would be basketball. If I did not choose golf, I would have definitely tried to build my career in other sports as a professional. Even if I wasn’t good enough to be a professional, I would have tried to work in the sports industry and be around the sport which I love.
What has been the most challenging moment of your career so far?
When I graduated high school, I tried to turn professional and went through the JGTO Q-School. I failed miserably at the final stage which was a bitter experience. I took the lesson to heart. (and went to college instead).
You will make your PGA TOUR debut as a professional at the ZOZO Championship. How excited are you to test your game at this level? What are you hoping to get from this week?
First of all, I’d like to thank ZOZO and all the concerned parties for making the event happen under tough times and also giving me a chance to compete in such a prestigious event! I’m simply just excited to be able to compete against the world’s best. I have nothing to lose so I will try to play my best and see where I end up.
We hear your plan is to try to play on the European Tour as you begin your pro journey. Will we one day see you join the likes of Hideki Matsuyama as a regular on the PGA TOUR? What are your short and long term goals in golf?
Yes, my immediate goal is to try and secure the European Tour status. Mid-term (3-4 years), I’d like to try and win the Race to Dubai Point Rankings and climb up the world rankings to be eligible to play in some of the PGA TOUR events, majors and World Golf Championships via my world ranking. 
Speaking of Hideki, has he or any other Japanese pro players been helpful in your career? How have they helped?
Matsuyama-san (Hideki) has been a mentor for me. He has given me important advice from his personal experience from competing on the PGA TOUR. I am very thankful for that.
Read the full story on&nbsp;<a href="https://featured.japan-forward.com/sportslook/">SportsLook</a>&nbsp;- <a href="https://featured.japan-forward.com/sportslook/japan-sports-notebook-takumi-kanaya-aims-to-encourage-cancer-stricken-mother" title="">[JAPAN SPORTS NOTEBOOK] Takumi Kanaya Aims to Encourage Cancer-Stricken Mother </a>
one of four major championships on the tour
after earning his first JGT title since April 2021 (Token Homemate Cup).&nbsp;
"My mother is battling breast cancer and this win is for her," Kanaya said at Shishido Hills Country Club
it'll go some way towards helping her with her recovery
She was diagnosed with breast cancer in the summer of 2022.Kanaya had a 7-under 64 in the opening round and a 4-under 67 in the third round
He had even-par 71 efforts in the second and fourth rounds
"I was really looking forward to a win this week and I'm really happy I managed to do it
It has been a long week with the multiple weather delays," said Kanaya
who tied for third in the Gate Way To The Open Mizuno Open
"I knew I had to play really aggressively to stand a chance of winning
and I'm pleased I managed to win by two shots this week."
Kanaya was the world's top-ranked men's amateur before turning pro. He earned the Mark H. McCormick Medal in recognition of his World Amateur Golf Ranking at the end of the 2020 season. Nakajima followed by <a href="https://featured.japan-forward.com/sportslook/keita-nakajima-becomes-the-first-two-time-mccormack-medal-recipient/">winning it in 2021 and 2022</a>
Continue reading <a href="https://featured.japan-forward.com/sportslook/japan-sports-notebook-takumi-kanaya-aims-to-encourage-cancer-stricken-mother" title="">the full story</a>
Find Ed on JAPAN Forward's dedicated website, <a href="https://featured.japan-forward.com/sportslook/">SportsLook</a>. Follow his <a href="https://featured.japan-forward.com/sportslook/category/features/japan-sports-notebook/">[Japan Sports Notebook]</a> on Sundays, <a href="https://featured.japan-forward.com/sportslook/category/features/odds-and-evens/">[Odds and Evens]</a> during the week, and Twitter <a href="https://twitter.com/ed_odeven">＠ed_odeven</a>.&nbsp;
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Amateur Takumi Kanaya of Japan plays out of a fairway bunker on the 6th during the Australian Open Golf tournament in Sydney
SINGAPORE — Japan’s Takumi Kanaya followed in the footsteps of two-time winner Hideki Matsuyama when he won the 10th Asia-Pacific Amateur Championship on Sunday
shot 5-under-par 65 to finish at 13-under-par 267
two shots ahead of India’s Rayhan Thomas and Keita Nakajima
Kanaya earned an invitation to the 2019 Masters Tournament and a spot in The 148th Open at Royal Portrush
both Thomas and Nakajima will get the chance to play in The Open Qualifying Series
I have been dreaming of going to the Masters ever since I was a kid,” said Kanaya
who received a congratulatory call from Matsuyama moments after winning the championship
“I never expected to play the Masters and The Open so early in my career so this is just huge," Kanaya said
"“I played well throughout the day but I think the key for me was how I kept my calm and composure during the round.”
There was a one-hour suspension of play because of inclement weather
but Kanaya returned from the break and made three consecutive birdies beginning at the 14th hole
Lin Yuxin of China was trying to join Matsuyama as the only back-to-back winner of the event
but Lin shot 75 in the final round and slipped into a tie for ninth
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<a href="/topic/india-pr-distribution">India PR Distribution</a>New Delhi [India], August 2: The <a href="/topic/international-youth-development-foundation">International Youth Development Foundation</a> (<a href="/topic/iydf">IYDF</a>) held a meaningful charity event in <a href="/topic/jammu-and-kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a>
the event saw active participation from volunteers Pardeep Singh and Suresh Singh
with strong support from the socially conscious Raghuvir Traders
The event aimed to provide essential educational and living supplies to a local orphanage
greatly enhancing the children's quality of life.The event took place at the orphanage
where volunteers delivered a generous assortment of supplies
These donations were intended to improve the children's learning environment and meet their daily needs
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Emissions of black carbon (BC) particles from anthropogenic and natural sources contribute to climate change and human health impacts
they need to be accurately quantified to develop an effective mitigation strategy
Although the spread of the emission flux estimates for China have recently narrowed under the constraints of atmospheric observations
consensus has not been reached regarding the dominant emission sector
we quantified the contribution of the residential sector
using the response of the observed atmospheric concentration in the outflowing air during Feb–Mar 2020
with the prevalence of the COVID-19 pandemic and restricted human activities over China
estimated after removing effects from meteorological variability
dropped only slightly (− 18%) during Feb–Mar 2020 from the levels in the previous year for selected air masses of Chinese origin
suggesting the contributions from the transport and industry sectors (36%) were smaller than the rest from the residential sector (64%)
with larger emission reductions (− 35%) in the period Feb–Mar 2020
suggesting dominance of non-residential (i.e.
which contributed 70% (48–100%) emission during 2019
The estimated BC/CO emission ratio for these sectors will help to further constrain bottom-up emission inventories
We comprehensively provide a clear scientific evidence supporting mitigation policies targeting reduction in residential BC emissions from China by demonstrating the economic feasibility using marginal abatement cost curves
The mitigation of these issues typically relates to emission reductions and therefore
accurate quantification and estimation of the current total emission fluxes
and their temporal changes are crucial for efficient and robust mitigation policies
The linkage between temporal changes in the emission fluxes and atmospheric concentrations also needs to be understood to clarify the causal relationships
the contributions from industry and transport and those from the residential sectors were difficult to separate from each other
Restriction in the human activity due to the prevalence of COVID-19 in spring 2020 resulted in sharp decrease of activity levels for certain sectors
while the residential sector activity remained essentially unchanged
providing a unique opportunity to separate the contributions
Policy implication of the results is also discussed
</a>Time series of (a) BC mass concentrations and (b) CO mixing ratios from observations (dark colors) and model simulations (light colors) during Jan–Apr in 2020 and 2019 (c, d). The estimated baseline levels are also shown. The hours with arrival of air masses from China are indicated with green vertical bars. Note that the cases from China but via Korea are not included to avoid false assignment. Light blue lines indicate cases with non-negligible wet deposition.
</a>(a) Observed and modeled BC mass concentration levels for selected air masses (from China) during Feb–Mar for each year
(b) their ratios for estimating emission correction factors
and (c) estimated fractions from residential and non-residential sectors
Our central estimate of the 18% reduction is smaller
Here the major difference in the emitting sectors for BC and CO is suggested
This shows a clear contrast with the results for BC
The CO may also be affected by emission changes in the rest of the Northern Hemisphere; however
during this early phase of the COVID-19 prevalence
air masses reflecting emission reductions in Europe or America
where lockdown occurred from middle March 2020
may not have been transported to East Asia yet
such intercontinental transport signals were expected to become broader with time and thus often absorbed in the baseline calculation when estimating ΔCO
Considering the similar difficulty in representing wet deposition quantitatively with our WRF/CMAQ model simulations
we avoided using cases with non-negligible influence from wet deposition
our estimation suggested that the other 46% fraction of the country total BC emissions
particularly those from southern or western areas
might have produced only 2% of the signal at Fukue Island when the synthesized pseudo signal was analyzed by multiplying the footprint with the emission rates
Such non-ideal spatial coverage of the footprint would introduce an uncertainty of ± 10% when comparing the estimated sectoral contributions with those of the whole country
Yet another type of uncertainty (± 10%) is expected with the seasonality
as the analyzed observation period was limited to Feb–Mar
Regional delay or inhomogeneity with the emission reduction could affect our analysis but was regarded negligible as previous studies
as the lockdown policy was introduced uniformly over the country
Thereby the total uncertainty range in the annual residential emission fraction of BC from this study was widened to 44–82% for the central estimate of 64%
Additional uncertainties for CO regarding the limited spatial and temporal coverage were evaluated to be identical; the total uncertainty range in the estimated annual non-residential emission fraction of CO was 48–100% (as a theoretical maximum) for the central estimate of 70%
The non-residential sector fractions for CO from inventories were narrower
ranging from 52 to 75% and were fairly consistent with our central estimate (70%)
due to the increased energy demand in the sector related to the stay-home policy
the contribution from the non-residential sector would be decreased by ~ 2%
Nonetheless the influence is small and will not alter our conclusion that the residential sector was dominant
Another robust parameter determined in this study is the BC/CO emission ratio from the non-residential and residential sector
as 0.0020 gBC gCO−1 (or 2.5 ng m−3 BC (ppb CO)−1 in Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP
1 atm) and 0.0084 gBC gCO−1 (or 10.6 ng m−3 BC (ppb CO)−1 in STP
The value for the non-residential sector was closest to 0.0036 gBC gCO−1 (or 4.6 ng m−3 BC (ppb CO)−1 in STP) from ECLIPSE version 6b again among the studied bottom-up inventories and much lower than the range from others (0.0079–0.012 gBC gCO−1 or (9.8–15.5 ng m−3 BC (ppb CO)−1 in STP)
The latter value for the residential sector was overestimated (0.011–0.017 gBC gCO−1 (or 13.8–21.5 ng m−3 BC (ppb CO)−1 in STP) by the bottom-up inventories
with the closest value from ECLIPSE version 6b
The large spread of the BC/CO emission ratios between the residential and rest sectors by a factor of 4 was found from this study
all bottom-up inventories qualitatively estimated a larger emission ratio for the residential sector than that for the non-residential sector
the ratios need to be shifted downward considerably to explain the observations
This study provides a clear observational evidence that the dominant Chinese BC emission flux is from the residential sector
</a>Marginal abatement cost (MAC) curves for Chinese BC emissions from residential and non-residential sectors
using a meteorological field from the NCEP FNL operational model global tropospheric analyses (ds083.2) at a 1° × 1° resolution
Wet and dry deposition processes were made effective during the transport for 120 h
though considered to be negligible for the selected cases
The two types of footprint maps similarly covered the economy centers of China in CEC
while the footprint with the FLEXPART model extended to a wider region as the air dispersion was represented
The two methodologies agreed in that ~ 50% (specifically 48 or 46%) of BC emissions from China
have produced only 2% of the signal at Fukue Island when the synthesized pseudo signal was analyzed by multiplying the footprint with the emission rates
The 15 provinces or municipalities around CEC producing major signals were identified with the footprint derived with the FLEXPART model
with which the potential representativeness of the estimated sectoral contributions over the country was examined
under the strong influence from the restricted emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Future studies based on more solid information
EFijk represents the BC emission factor for sub-sector i
and Cijk the cost to apply technology k to a unit of fuel j in i
Assuming that the emission is abated by replacing technologies h (high emission) with l (low emission)
we obtained the national-level MAC curve and amount of abated BC emissions
while separating the residential and non-residential sectors
A caveat is that the simultaneous emission changes of species other than BC are not included
and the calculation does not intend to cover the effects of all species
The observational data set for BC is collectively available from <a href="https://ebcrpa.jamstec.go.jp/atmoscomp/obsdata/">https://ebcrpa.jamstec.go.jp/atmoscomp/obsdata/</a> or upon direct contact to the corresponding author
Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis
Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds Masson-Delmotte
UNEP and WMO. Integrated Assessment of Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone: Summary for Decision Makers, p. 285. ISBN: 92-807-3141-6. <a href="http://www.unep.org/dewa/Portals/67/pdf/Black_Carbon.pdf" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="http://www.unep.org/dewa/Portals/67/pdf/Black_Carbon.pdf">http://www.unep.org/dewa/Portals/67/pdf/Black_Carbon.pdf</a> (2011)
Air Pollution in Asia and the Pacific: Science-Based Solutions
250 (Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) and Asia Pacific Clean Air Partnership (APCAP)
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Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
National Institute for Environmental Studies
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)
KY and KI optimized and conducted WRF/CMAQ model simulations
and YKo contributed to observations and instrumentation
CZ collected information of activity reduction in the transport sector in China
YC contributed to the data screening method and FLEXPART model calculations with CZ
and DN provided interpretation and discussion of the emission reduction and conducted economic analysis
HT coordinated the team and contributed to discussion
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02518-2
As the 22-year-old prepares to take another crack on the PGA Tour with an appearance at the Sony Open in Hawaii starting on Thursday
he will hold close to him the Japanese word “Gamushara,” which was passed on to him by his junior high school teacher
“Gamushara is a word that my teacher taught me when I graduated from junior high school and it really touched my heart
It’s hard to come up with a literal translation
It’s a word I often remind myself of when things may be going poorly
that as a young kid I made a firm commitment to always just go for it,” said Kanaya
He intends to stick to his motto at the stunning Waialae Country Club in Honolulu this week when he comes up against a stellar field led by defending champion Cameron Smith of Australia
Kanaya’s progress is followed closely by Japanese fans and media alike
many of which have likened his emergence to its nation’s current leading golfer
five-time PGA Tour champion Hideki Matsuyama
This week will mark his sixth career start on the PGA Tour
“Wherever I go and regardless of the players
what stands out to me more than anything is the depth of the game and how the players all have their own individual strong points,” said Kanaya
who is in the field on a sponsor exemption
“Just being among these guys has motivated me to improve even more so that I can compete on their level in the future
I’ve also come to realize just how preeminent the PGA Tour stage is and what I need to do in order to make it there.”
“As a young kid I made a firm commitment to always just go for it.” – Takumi Kanaya
Kanaya rose to World No.1 and earned the prestigious Mark H
Amongst his other accolades include winning the Asia Pacific Amateur Championship in 2018
an event won twice previously by Matsuyama
his talent continued to shine through when he defeated the pros at the Mitsui Sumitomo Visa Taiheyo Masters on the Japan Golf Tour
and – after turning professional last October – he triumphed again on home soil at the Dunlop Phoenix Tournament
in what was his fourth start in the play-for-pay ranks
He is quick to brush aside comparisons to Matsuyama
who is also a former two-time winner of the Asia Pacific Amateur Championship
Kanaya hopes to emulate the high level of consistency which Matsuyama has exhibited in his career and reflected by seven successive appearances in the FedExCup Playoffs finale
“It would be my honour to be able to compare with my senior Hideki Matsuyama
but I don't think I've reached that level quite yet
I think the only thing we have in common is that we both went to the same university (Tohoku Fukushi University),” said Kanaya
“I think Hideki’s sense of stability and keeping his score together and not breaking down even when things are going poorly is remarkable
I can’t do that and want to learn how to become a more stable player by gaining more experience through my own trial and error.”
“I want to qualify for the Tokyo Olympics (in July)
securing status on the European Tour and PGA Tour is something I want to achieve right away
I want to become a world-class player competing at the highest level
His quest to tick those boxes could well begin at the Sony Open in Hawaii
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