South Korea has designated Yeosu City as an area in need of state-level support
citing a sharp decline in the local petrochemical sector driven by global oversupply from low-cost Chinese imports
The second largest city in South Jeolla Province is home to major petrochemical facilities and has been significantly impacted by weakening industry conditions
is the first such designation under the government’s measures for the petrochemical industry announced in 2024
The ministry noted that the global oversupply of petrochemical products
is projected to rise to 61 million tons by 2028
Yeosu will become eligible for emergency funds and local investment promotion subsidies
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the area will be eligible for support covering up to 24 percent of facility investments
Financial institutions will also offer extended loan maturities and deferred repayments to SMEs and partner firms in the city
Additional support measures will include research and development funding
are also reportedly pushing for the designation of industrial crisis areas as traditional manufacturing industries such as petrochemicals and steel experience difficulties
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In this first-person narrative Angelica Gutierrez
tells Nevada Today about her experience studying abroad in the University Studies Abroad Consortium’s (USAC) Gwangju
I was surrounded by English- and Spanish-speakers
so I never really thought twice about the significance of being bilingual
It wasn’t until I took my first French class in high school that I realized I wanted to expand my relationship with language and interact with as many cultures as possible
My goal is to become a polyglot: a person who knows and is able to use several languages
a lovely port city with its own history and unique charm
At first, USAC Seoul was my top choice program
given that its city atmosphere is full of fun activities and cat cafes
which would have undoubtedly been my financial downfall — albeit a welcomed one
when I really evaluated my goals for my study abroad journey
I wanted to create a challenge to immerse myself in the language and its cultural nuances
would better benefit and challenge me to practice and put myself out there
The intensive language program at Chonnam National University was amazing
we learned a different part of the language that included vocabulary/pronunciation
We also had a Korean culture class in the afternoon that taught us history
I had three professors for my language classes
I felt like I was able to experience different methods of teaching that helped me understand what worked for me and what didn’t
so I never felt like I couldn’t ask clarifying questions
but learning the language in the city was the time that stuck with me the most
the one thing you should take away from this blog post is that the locals are some of the kindest people ever
so the people have the time and interest to talk with foreigners about their experiences
They always asked me if I was enjoying Korea
It was beautiful to have the vocabulary to tell them how much I appreciated their country and how kind they are.One moment that stands out vividly in my memory was just a few days before I was set to leave Korea
My sister — who was also in the program — and I had just finished dinner and hailed a taxi back to the dorms
I noticed the driver glancing at us in the rear-view mirror
I could tell the driver was caught off guard by my Korean
His surprise quickly turned into curiosity
and he began asking about our thoughts on Korea
I felt so calm and content to share this moment
he gave us one of his postcards showcasing his work
I realize that I wouldn’t have experienced it if I hadn’t taken the time to learn the language
it was one of the proudest moments of my study abroad experience. If any student is thinking about studying abroad
my advice is to take the opportunity to personally connect yourself with the world
Angelica Gutierrez is an alumna of the University of Nevada
where she received her bachelor's in both biology and French in May 2024
Gutierrez has since transitioned into a Program Advisor for USAC's Latin America and Thailand programs
She hopes to one day obtain her master's in genetic counseling and language fluency in Korean and ASL.
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14 following the sinking of 139-ton trawler Seogyeong No
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This edition of Bustler's curated picks of noteworthy architecture and design competitions features four calls seeking proposals for the revitalization of Yeosu City Hall in South Korea
standout products and designers that reflect forward-thinking design
student-driven urban solutions for the reimagining of a site along the Cai River in Nha Trang
For the complete directory of newly listed competitions, click here
Architectural Design Competition for the Extension of the Yeosu City Hall AnnexRegistration Deadline: Friday
"To resolve long-standing complaints regarding administrative inefficiency and poor service
the city aims to construct a rational and future-oriented office building
This new facility will go beyond serving as a simple administrative space and will introduce a variety of functions that allow it to coexist with the citizens."
INTERIOR DESIGN Magazine's 2025 HiP AwardsRegistration/Submission Deadline: Friday
"From visionary product designers to the creative forces behind standout workplace
and education spaces—this is your moment to shine
The HiP Awards spotlight both established names and emerging talent making bold contributions across the A+D industry
the HiP Awards continues to recognize innovation
and forward-thinking design in two main categories: HiP People and HiP Products
Whether you're submitting a future-forward furniture collection or nominating a rising star from your firm
this program offers a prestigious platform to elevate your work and your team."
4th International Design Competition: (Re)engaging Cities Landscape for Cultural and Economic VibrancyRegistration/Submission Deadline: Tuesday, July 15
LIT Lighting Design Awards 2025Registration/Submission Deadline: Sunday
"The LIT Lighting Design Awards are officially open for submissions
inviting the world’s most innovative lighting designers to be part of its 2025 celebration of excellence
This distinguished event is renowned for recognizing the pinnacle of creativity and innovation in the lighting design industry
The program boasts an impressive array of categories
Would you like to contribute competitions, award programs, or calls for submissions that aren't listed on Bustler yet? Send them directly to our team to review
50,000€ Prize / Mujassam Watan Urban Sculpture Challenge
500,000€ Prize / Free registration / DUBAI URBAN ELEMENTS CHALLENGE
Kinderspace: Architecture for Children's Development #2
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5 missing after fishing boat capsizes near Yeosu
At least four people have been confirmed dead after a fishing boat carrying 14 crew members capsized off the coast of Yeosu
a report that the 139-ton Seogyeong trawler may have sunk was made by a nearby fishing vessel at 1:41 a.m.
when the trawler suddenly disappeared from its radar
authorities recovered seven crew members aboard a lifeboat
The other four crew members in the lifeboat -- two Vietnamese and two Indonesian nationals -- were transferred to a nearby hospital Sunday morning after showing signs of hypothermia
the Coast Guard found an eighth crew member floating unconscious near the location of the sinking
the agency announced that it had found the sunken trawler at a depth of 80 meters and 400 meters from the location where it was suspected to have sunk
It also found one out of the six missing crewmembers
it was unclear whether the newly discovered crew member was found dead or alive
Based on testimony provided by the rescued Vietnamese crewmembers
the Coast Guard stated during a press briefing Sunday that the trawler “suddenly tilted and sank.”
“After checking with the rescued Vietnamese crew
it seems that the vessel suddenly tilted violently to the left while sailing and capsized,” said a Coast Guard official
“The 11 crew members jumped into the sea without life jackets
authorities were searching for missing crew crew members that remain unaccounted for
focusing on an area within five kilometers of where the boat is believed to have sunk
one Vietnamese and four Korean crew members are still missing
Authorities said three of them were last seen inside the vessel before the accident while the others were seen in the water
The exact cause behind the accident is still being investigated
though rescued crew members testified to the police that the trawler capsized due to bad weather
While the Seogyeong was moving as a fleet with four other fishing vessels
it reportedly did not send a distress signal to the other fishing vessels or the Coast Guard
Authorities believe that the vessel sank so suddenly that it was unable to send out a signal
The Coast Guard said it had deployed 24 patrol vessels
three vessels from affiliated agencies as well as 15 civilian fishing boats to look for the missing crew
as unfavorable weather conditions continued
the authorities' rescue efforts have faced hurdles
a 5-ton Coast Guard patrol vessel also capsized near the site of the accident due to high waves
The Coast Guard immediately dispatched another patrol vessel and the crew members on board were successfully rescued
The Ministry of Interior and Safety has set up an emergency response headquarters in cooperation with the South Jeolla provincial government and the city government of Yeosu to help organize the search and rescue operation while also providing support for those affected by the accident
acting President Choi Sang-mok instructed relevant agencies to mobilize all available equipment and personnel to ensure that rescue activities at the scene proceed smoothly to locate the missing crew members
the recent incident comes less than 10 days after another fishing vessel capsized near Jeju Island on Feb
According to the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries
the number of fatalities and missing people from fishing vessel accidents rose to 119 in 2024
recording the highest in 10 years and a 52 percent increase compared to 2023’s numbers
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National Thermal power plant in Yeosu catches fire
A section of a thermal power plant caught fire Monday in the southern coastal city of Yeosu
Flames erupted at the power plant as of 9:28 a.m
but no casualties have been reported so far
Firefighters rushed to the scene and tried to extinguish the fire
has reportedly initiated the shutdown process for its ethylene glycol (EG) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) production facilities at Yeosu Plant 2 in southern South Korea
Lotte Chemical has begun reducing production and preparing for “box-up” at the plant
which involves emptying production equipment and filling it with nitrogen
is typically carried out for plant shutdowns or maintenance
it reportedly marks the preparatory stage for dismantling and selling the facilities
a primary ingredient in automotive coolants
have been flagship products for Lotte Chemical since the former Honam Petrochemical era in the 1970s
The plant generated annual sales of 3 trillion won ($2.15 billion) to 4 trillion won at its peak
but Lotte Chemical reported an operating loss of 413.6 billion won in the third quarter of 2024
the company’s fourth consecutive quarterly loss
The company’s challenges reflect broader difficulties in Korea‘s petrochemical industry
has halted operations at its styrene monomer (SM) plant in the same industrial complex
issued perpetual bonds worth 700 billion won to bolster its financial structure
The industry is grappling with a crisis as China’s overproduction of general-purpose plastics erodes key export markets and floods the domestic market
China’s annual ethylene production capacity reached 51.74 million tons
more than double the 25.65 million tons recorded in 2018
the Korean government plans to announce a comprehensive support package for the petrochemical industry in December 2024
The measures are expected to include tax incentives and eased regulations on mergers and acquisitions
with additional steps under review to facilitate corporate consolidations
Lotte Group has also implemented significant personnel changes
It replaced 21 affiliate chief executive officers (CEOs) and retired 22 percent of its executives
reducing the total number of executives by 13 percent compared to the end of 2023
while 30 percent of executives in the division were retired
to vice president and appointed 12 CEOs born in the 1970s to drive a generational shift
and Park Hyun-chul of Lotte Engineering & Construction Co
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April 7 (Yonhap) -- A fire at a shuttered thermal power plant in the southern coastal city of Yeosu was put out on Monday
Flames erupted at the power plant in Yeosu
but firefighters extinguished the flames at 10:56 a.m
Four people were working at the time of the fire
but no one was injured as they evacuated on time
according to a local office of Korea East-West Power Co.
The power plant had been closed since 2021 after over 40 years of operation
shows a thermal power plant on fire in the southern coastal city of Yeosu on April 7
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Three cities in the eastern part of Jeollanam-do
united to overcome the industrial crisis in the Gwangyang Bay area
The three cities adopted a joint declaration through an administrative council meeting held at the Citizens Hall of Gwangyang City Hall on the 30th and formalized solidarity and cooperation to revive the stagnant flagship industry
The declaration comes amid a structural crisis that has recently shaken the economic foundation of the Gwangyang Bay area
has played a pivotal role in the country's key industries
but the local economy is seriously hit by external factors such as global oversupply
it is a common recognition of problems in the three cities that not only the contraction of the industrial base
but also the lack of youth jobs and concerns about population outflows are becoming a reality
The mayors who attended the meeting emphasized that there is a limit to individual cities' handling of the crisis
and that regional cooperation is the only solution for the survival of the Gwangyang Bay area
rather than simply staying in symbolic solidarity
we decided to work together to link practical policies to respond to industrial crises and increase future responsiveness
the crisis in the petrochemical industry in Yeosu will be promoted together so that it can be designated as a preemptive response area at the national level
and the entire Gwangyang Bay area will be designated as a special industrial crisis response area
the government will focus its administrative capabilities on expanding the job base and improving settlement conditions so that young people can stay in the region
It also plans to ease regulations that hinder corporate attraction and increase urban competitiveness by expanding wide-area transportation networks and linking medical and tourism infrastructure
they agreed on the urgent need for a response strategy to strengthen the industrial base and living base at the same time due to concerns that the improvement of the wide-area transportation system
such as the expansion of the railway network
could accelerate and the outflow of population to the metropolitan area
Suncheon Mayor Roh Kwan-kyu proposed a new cooperative model beyond the level of joint response
"This joint declaration goes beyond simple administrative cooperation and is the starting point for Yeosu
Suncheon and Gwangyang to unite as one economic alliance," he said
it should develop into a special government that can deal with industrial policy
"We will cooperate with local chambers of commerce
and the central government so that this initiative can lead to concrete institutionalization," he stressed
※ This service is provided by machine translation tool
Three tourists who ate pufferfish in Yeosu
showed symptoms of poisoning and were urgently transferred by the Coast Guard and 119
According to the Yeosu Maritime Police Station on the 20th
three tourists in their 60s were reported to show symptoms of addiction after eating puffer fish in Yeon-ro
The group reportedly ate pufferfish purchased at a fish market in Yeosu while visiting and fishing in the morning of the same day
Tourists reported to the Year Health Center when symptoms such as paralysis appeared after eating pufferfish
the health center doctor asked the Coast Guard for emergency rescue
the Coast Guard dispatched a patrol ship to Yeonhae Port
The coast guard ship arrived at Woljeon Port in Hwatae Island at around 7:40 p.m
and 119 paramedics who were waiting took them to the hospital
Tourists showed symptoms of pufferfish poisoning such as tongue paralysis
and one of them was treated urgently for decreased consciousness and breathing problems
Two people showed symptoms such as facial boomabies
"Fogfish can be fatal if toxicity is not removed during cooking
so you must consume cooked food from qualified experts."
April 16 (Yonhap) -- The body of a missing crew member aboard a fishing vessel that sank in February was found Wednesday
The body belonged to one of the five crew members who went missing after their 139-ton vessel sank in waters near Yeosu
Rescue divers made the discovery in the steering room of the vessel 82.8 meters underwater
The Coast Guard plan to recover the body and transfer it to a local hospital
and three Indonesians were aboard the ship at the time of the sinking
Bereaved family members watch over the sea on Feb
in hopes of finding their loved ones after a fishing trawler sank in waters about 17 kilometers east of the island of Habaek
Korea.net hosts networking event for Honorary Reporters
Accord with Japan to protect both nations' people abroad
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The first Mega Island Music Festival will be held in Yeosu from July 26 to Aug
This festival is the first large-scale cultural event in 13 years since the Yeosu World Expo in 2012 on the coast of the Sky Tower at the Yeosu World Expo site
The "Mega Island Music Festival" is the largest in Korea and the first in the world to be tried in the form of a "Music Festival Fair," and leading music festivals at home and abroad will participate together
It is a multi-cultural festival that encompasses K-contents from all genres
and a total of 100 artists will be on stage every day
"The Yeosu Mega Island Music Festival is establishing various direct and indirect strategies to revitalize the local economy and promote tourism
and is doing its best to maximize the ripple effect of the region."
"In addition to the largest scale and genre integration in Korea
we plan to expand our connection with famous overseas music festivals every year beyond Korea through cooperation with highly recognized global brands," he stressed
The lineup of artists to participate in the festival
and specific event schedules will be released later on the official website and SNS channels
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An additional crew member's body was found in the hull of the Seokyeong
According to South Jeolla Province and others on the 20th
which sank 80 meters deep on the sea east of Habaekdo Island
The probationary authorities plan to hand over the body to the family after going through an identification process at a funeral home in Yeosu
believing that there will be more missing people on board
Jeollanam-do decided to invest 1 billion won in reserve funds for underwater search operations at the request of families of missing persons and signed a contract with a specialized company
The specialized company has conducted an underwater search since the 23rd of last month and recovered one more on the same day
following the discovery of the body of a foreign sailor on the 16th
Seokyeong sank off the coast of Yeosu early on February 9
Nine out of 14 crew members were rescued or found on the day of the accident
Two of the remaining five crew members were found by this day
A fishing boat sank near Habaek Island in Yeosu
the Coast Guard received a report that the 22nd West Gyeong
disappeared from the radar in waters about 17 kilometers east of Habaek Island
Yeosu Coast Guard dispatched to the scene of the accident and rescued seven crew members
The Coast Guard continued the search and searched for one more person
The ship is believed to have sunk in a short period of time without even sending a distress signal
which was sailing in a total of five ships
disappeared without any signs of rescue request to the Coast Guard and the fleet
a wind wave warning was in effect until 3 a.m
on the sea about 17 kilometers east of Habaek Island
The weather conditions were reportedly bad enough to overturn the Coast Guard's high-speed patrol boat
The Coast Guard is doing its best to search for the remaining six missing people
The missing are four Koreans and one Indonesian and Vietnamese
The Coast Guard is also investigating whether the ship in the accident sent the ship's Automatic Identification System (AIS) signal normally to the adjacent Regional Maritime Control Center (VTS) before the accident
"There has been no factory expansion work this year
The industrial park is so quiet that I'm scared." Kim
who worked for a plant business in Yeosu National Industrial Complex in South Jeolla Province for 15 years
recently quit the company and is looking for a new job
gross domestic product (GDP) fell back in the first quarter of this year
According to the Bank of Korea on the 24th
real GDP grew 0.2% in the first quarter of this year compared to the previous quarter
It is the first time in nine months that the quarterly growth rate has been negative since the second quarter of last year (-0.2%)
The negative growth in the second quarter of last year was largely due to the base effect of the previous quarter's surprise high growth (1.3%)
but the "shock" is serious because it collapsed without enduring growth
which was only 0.1% in the fourth quarter of last year
the Bank of Korea expected economic sentiment to pick up from February to March and semiconductor exports to increase
individuals closed their wallets due to emergency martial law and political uncertainty following impeachment
and the launch of the Donald Trump administration adversely affected global trade
Construction investment (-3.2%) grew back for four consecutive quarters in the first quarter
private consumption (-0.1%) and government consumption (-0.1%) all decreased from the previous quarter
Exports and imports also fell -1.1 percent and -2 percent
Only a few workers come and go to the Yeosu Industrial Complex construction site
which was visited by hundreds of people a day
Most of the companies operating in the industrial complex
lost tens of billions to hundreds of billions of won last year
Factory utilization and employment rates have also fallen
A representative of a parts company in Busan said
"Large automakers can find measures to build overseas factories
According to an analysis of the Bank of Korea's business sentiment index by region
nine out of 13 metropolitan and provincial governments in the non-metropolitan area said the economy felt worse in the first quarter of this year than in the first quarter of 2023
The business sentiment index by region was the worst in the order of Jeonnam (-14.4)
the more companies are pessimistic about the economy
so trade tensions are a big headwind," Bank of Korea Governor Lee Chang-yong said in an interview with CNBC
"Not only will it be directly affected by U.S
but it will also be indirectly affected by U.S
Prime Minister Han Duck-soo delivers a speech in a ceremony remembering the victims of the Yeosu-Suncheon uprising
held at Korean Tea Culture Park in Boseong
Korea East-West Power announced on the 19th that it signed a "Basic Agreement on Yeosu Green Group Energy Project" with E1 on the 18th
attended the signing ceremony at E1's headquarters
the two companies will begin construction of an LNG cogeneration plant to supply electricity in Yeosu
Taking advantage of each company's expertise
the company plans to jointly carry out overall projects such as construction orders
Yeosu Green Energy is a special purpose corporation (SPC) with a total of 495MW of collective energy business license
It supplies heat and power to industrial complexes and residential areas in Yeosu
"This agreement will strengthen the competitiveness of the two companies in the energy sector and contribute to stabilizing the national electricity supply."
BS Hanyang announced on the 26th that it will speed up the creation of a "猫 Eco-Energy Hub" in Yeosu
and will establish a clean energy business value chain following a liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal
BS Hanyang is promoting a clean hydrogen production and supply project based on LNG terminals at Yeosu's Myodo Eco Energy Hub
which was designated as a special opportunity development zone project in Jeollanam-do in June last year
The LNG terminal serves as a raw material supply base for clean hydrogen production
which stably supplies 3 million tons of LNG per year
BS Hanyang plans to create a 'hydrogen cluster' that leads to hydrogen production
jointly promoted by BS Hanyang with Jeollanam-do and Yeosu City
includes an LNG terminal that can store and supply LNG
and a liquefied CO₂ terminal that transfers CO₂ collected during hydrogen production to landfills
BS Hanyang is seeking policy support from the government and local governments while promoting technology and investment cooperation with global hydrogen and CCS companies to build essential infrastructure facilities such as hydrogen production facilities and CO₂ terminals required to produce up to 100,000 tons of clean hydrogen per year
the cold heat of the LNG terminal can be utilized in the process of liquefying and storing carbon dioxide generated during the hydrogen production process
which can significantly reduce power consumption
This method is a basic model of liquefied CO₂ terminals being promoted at home and abroad
and global companies are interested in it because it has differentiated competitiveness in terms of cost
Myodo Island is expected to be actively invested by companies as it has secured policy support
such as being designated as a special hydrogen-specialized opportunity development zone in Jeollanam-do by the Ministry of Trade
The creation of a hydrogen cluster in BS Hanyang and the promotion of clean energy projects are accelerating further when the Myodo cogeneration project was selected as a preferred bidder in the Ministry of Industry's power generation capacity bidding in December last year
which is undergoing screening to secure the final business rights
is a high-efficiency clean power plant that reduces fuel use by adopting the latest high-efficiency power generation facilities of 495 megawatts (MW)
Power and heat are stably supplied to the hydrogen cluster
It plans to reduce fuel consumption by adopting the latest high-efficiency power generation facilities as power plants that produce both heat and electricity
and operate as a high-efficiency clean power plant that mixes clean hydrogen with LNG
South Korea – October 2024 - The Sarasit Pithayalai Ban Pong School Marching Band was nominated by the Thailand Marching Band Association to represent Thailand at the 2024 Yeosu Marching Festival
an international festival of marching bands held in Yeosu
The Salesian musical band is made up of 52 students aged between 12 and 18
under the leadership of Fr Somrote Chaichana
the Sarasit Marching Band participated in the Street Parade along the Yeosu coastal road and performed at the Marching Festival Opening Ceremon and the " Wind Music Festival
which attracted a large number of visitors
the students undertook a study trip to learn about Korean culture from 14 to 16 October
warmly welcomed by the Salesians at the headquarters of the Salesian Province of Seoul (KOR)
The Sarasit School Marching Band has received many awards worldwide and also performed in front of Pope John Paul II at Castel Gandolfo in 2003 and
on the occasion of Pope Francis' visit to Thailand in 2019
together with the Salesian Schools' Marching Band
to welcome the Pope at the Suphachalasai National Stadium in Bangkok
The support and promotion of the Salesian School Marching Band in Thailand are a clear demonstration that the Salesians of Don Bosco care about the formation of young people in the Salesian spirit
because music helps to sharpen the minds of young people
ANS - “Agenzia iNfo Salesiana” is a on-line almost daily publication
the communication agency of the Salesian Congregation enrolled in the Press Register of the Tibunal of Rome as n 153/2007
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A blueprint for the top 10 core projects that will be the biggest attraction and experience event of the "2026 Yeosu World Island Fair" has been released
The Yeosu World Island Expo Organizing Committee announced on the 7th that it announced the "final report on research services on how to implement core projects for the 2026 Yeosu World Island Expo" and presented 10 key projects for successful hosting of the fair
Key projects for the island fair included directing immersive media
cruise operations along the island's coast
and creating island art roads and theme zones
and hold theme performances to realize this
The organizing committee plans to finalize the core project by the end of March based on the results of the service and various opinions presented
The outline of the layout of the driving site facilities was also revealed
The driving venue decided to distribute and arrange exhibition halls to secure sea views and to ensure the visibility of landmarks anywhere in the fairground by utilizing the island's characteristics
such as installing solar panels and self-generators
were presented in preparation for increased power consumption
"We will make Yeosu a global maritime tourism hub through innovative content using islands and oceans," adding
"We plan to promote the island fair to contribute to revitalizing the local economy and developing the sustainable tourism industry."
vice chairman of the Local Times Committee
we will work with Jeollanam-do and Yeosu City to secure the budget," adding
"We will do our best to successfully host the island fair with Yeosu citizens."
will be held from September 5 to November 4
and other Yeosu island areas under the theme of "Connecting Island
The August 28 episode of “Show Champion” was a special featuring performances from the 2024 Yeosu Summer Music Festival Y
The artists who performed at this year’s festival included NMIXX, SF9
No winner was announced for this week’s show
Check out all the performances aired during the special episode below
Xdinary Heroes – “Little Things” and “Save me”
Kwon Eun Bi – “Underwater” and “SABOTAGE”
Woody – “When you alone” and “Flower in the Desert”
HYNN – “The Lonely Bloom Stands Alone” and “GO FOR IT”
you have no choice but to use several transportations
It will be a great help for tourists if they can book it more comfortably
Canadian national airline Air Canada is drawing attention by introducing a "railway and airport connection service" with the Korea Railroad Corporation (KORAIL) through an Intermodal partnership
The service was successfully expanded across Europe
and Korea was also introduced for the first time in the Asia-Pacific region in November last year
passengers departing from major cities in Korea can book KTX and flights at once
The smooth connection with flights from Incheon makes it more convenient to travel to North America
Air Canada customers can book and use KTX high-speed rail and flights from eight major cities in Korea
to major destinations in Canada and the United States at once
It also provides a more convenient travel experience
including the Airport Railroad (AREX) service linking Seoul Station and Incheon International Airport
You can check the reservation and transit details on the official Air Canada website
we will support reservations through travel agencies
"Korea is a very important market in Air Canada's global network," said Jang Eun-seok
We are happy to introduce this service in Korea for the first time in the Asia-Pacific region
we plan to further strengthen our position in the Korean market and continue to provide innovative mobile solutions to passengers."
Air Canada demonstrated the competitiveness of the aviation industry by winning five categories at the "Skytrax World Airlines Awards" in the UK in June 2024
The Skytracks World Aviation Awards are valued as prestigious awards ceremonies in the aviation industry with direct participation of passengers from all over the world
Air Canada operates Incheon to Vancouver every day
Incheon to Toronto six to seven times a week
and Incheon to Montreal three to four times a week
intended to meet demand for NVH solutions in electric vehicles
South Korea – Kumho Mitsui Chemicals has started an expansion project to add capacity for methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) in Yeosu
a 50/50 JV between Kumho Petrochemical and Mitsui Chemicals
has capacity to produce 410 kilotonne per annum (ktpa) of the polyurethane feedstock
production capacity at the plant will increase by 200ktpa to 610ktpa
said Mitsui Chemicals in a 23 Oct statement
The Yeosu plant manufactures monomeric MDI and modified MDI used for making auto parts
as well as polymeric MDI used for making insulation materials
The added capacity increase is intended to meet growing demand for urethane-based NVH components in electric vehicles
In addition to expanding its production facilities
Kumho Mitsui Chemicals will install recycling facilities that can reuse the by-products created during the manufacturing process
The statement did provide further details about the recycling process but said it would 'increase access to raw materials' and reducing wastewater and greenhouse gas emissions from the plant
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Volume 11 - 2024 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1362335
This article is part of the Research TopicOcean Observation based on Underwater Acoustic Technology, volume IIView all 23 articles
Observation of current speeds in coastal seas is crucial because it can provide useful information for ship operations
Coastal acoustic tomography (CAT) is a technology that can continuously monitor environmental changes such as current velocity and water temperature using reciprocal acoustic signals between CAT stations in coastal seas
This technology is different from traditional pointwise or intermittent sectional observations in that it can produce time-varying two- or three-dimensional current fields
The results of previous studies using CAT systems have been limited to reproducing horizontal maps of depth-averaged two-dimensional current fields
Utilizing results from a high-resolution coastal ocean model
this study developed a novel technique for estimating three-dimensional (3-D) current fields by combining the inverse method with an artificial intelligence (AI) model
Following three steps are the procedure for the test of estimating the 3-D current fields
utilizing the ray tracing model ‘Bellhop,’ reciprocal travel times among five CAT stations using the coastal ocean model outputs are computed
These five stations correspond to the locations where in-situ CAT systems were established for continuous monitoring of current changes in Yeosu Bay
the range-averaged currents at the five layers were estimated by incorporating this travel time difference data into an AI model trained using the same coastal ocean model outputs
the inverse method is applied to each layer to estimate the 3-D current fields
The validation results revealed that the newly developed method performed well in both summer and winter
Time-varying two-layer-like current fields were reasonably produced
occasionally revealing an out-of-phase relationship between the upper and lower layers depending on the tidal phases
This method yielded average root-mean-squared errors of less than 4 cm/s on six simulation paths for acoustic signal propagation
when the same method was applied to in-situ CAT observations
the average correlation coefficient (R) of the along-channel current of each layer was found to be approximately 0.9 or higher
These results suggest that this novel method can be effectively applied to the continuous monitoring of 3-D current fields in coastal seas using a CAT system
This method is feasible when multi-ray identification of 2nd or 3rd rays which pass through multiple layers along the sound transmission path is possible
because this is almost impossible in coastal areas
where the distances between stations are short and the water depth is shallow
we combine an artificial intelligence (AI) model and an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) with an existing inverse method to develop a new 3-D current field estimation method
This method has the advantage of fully reflecting the current pattern of the study area by applying EOF and simultaneously reducing the number of unknowns during inverse analysis
thereby enabling the effective estimation of currents in underdetermined systems with a minimal number of observations
this method allows the rapid estimation of the 2-D current field along the section between two CAT stations using single-ray acoustic observations of CAT
The newly developed method was applied to in-situ CAT data to demonstrate its applicability for continuous current field monitoring using the CAT system in coastal seas
(B) Map of Yeosu and Namhae located in the South Sea of Korea
Black dots in (C) indicate the CAT stations and the lines connected between the CAT stations are paths for acoustic transmission simulation
Yellow triangles in (C) indicate ADCP mooring sites (P1
Table 1 Locations of CAT stations and ADCP mooring sites
Table 2 Summary of the data used in this study
The in-situ application of the method was performed from September to October 2023 and validated against the ADCP mooring data at P1 and P2 (Figure 1C). The observation periods are presented in Table 2
The temporal resolutions were 20 min and 1 h
which are finer than that of the KOOS model; however
because the inverse method was built using the KOOS model
the in-situ application was also performed at 3-hour intervals
the 3-D current field was estimated using the following three procedures
the reciprocal travel time difference (Δt) of each transmission path is computed through the ray tracing simulation
Δt′ for each layer and path are computed using the AI model
inverse analysis was applied to each layer
resulting in a 3-D current field consisting of five layers
The ‘.env’ file contains parameters such as the depth of the source and receiver
The Bellhop model uses these input data to output the travel time (ti) between two stations from the current [u(x,y,z,t)] and sound speed [C(x,y,z,t)]
‘Calculated v’ is the current made from the ray tracing results
and ‘model v’ is the KOOS model current data
implying that Δt is mainly affected by velocity along the path
The design of the “training process” is as follows
The “test set” consisted of January–February and July–August 2022
the periods covered by the inverse analysis
For all periods except the “test set,” about 2/3 of the data is “training set,” and the remaining 1/3 is “validation set.” Independent training is conducted for each of the three non-overlapping “validation sets.” The initial values of these models were randomized
and training was performed three times for each model
The final model results were obtained by averaging nine ensemble models
This ensemble process provided robust model results
Although the direction-based loss function typically uses the mean squared error (MSE)
the model used in this study focuses on learning the upper modes by utilizing the EOF results as learning weights
resulting in the establishment of an optimized direction-based loss function
The AI model was designed to estimate the principal component (PC) time series of EOF using appropriate AI model layers for input data with different structures and dimensions (see Supplementary Figure 4)
To simulate the current caused by the difference in sea level between the southern and northern parts of Yeosu Bay
sea level data were only extracted at the southern and northern boundaries of the domain
Because the two boundaries have different lengths of data (11 and 8 nodes
a dense layer was utilized to have the same length of nodes
and then applied to a 1-D convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM1D) filter to handle the spatial dimension
The calculation of the sea level difference was not entirely dependent on the neural network
and a subtraction layer was added to directly calculate the difference between the two lines
The dimension of sea level data passed through ConvLSTM1D is compressed from [time
and Bellhop model output data have dimensions of [time
resulting in merging with compressed sea level data
The merged data pass through a dense layer and a hyperbolic tangent (nonlinear activation function)
and then pass through an LSTM layer that handles the time series
The tidal-current input field consisting of [latitude
V)] dimensions were passed through the 3-D convolutional layer and compressed into [feature] dimensions
the layer is merged with the layer that passes through the LSTM and is compressed into three dense layers to obtain the length of the PC time series (1st–10th modes) of the EOF
The PC time series estimated using this process was then dot-produced using the eigenvectors obtained from the EOF analysis to obtain the current fields along the six vertical sections
The surface layer has a high variability in current and a relatively small number of modeling runs owing to sea level fluctuations
the output of the AI model is the range-averaged current at the five layers in the vertical section of the six transmission paths
The third step is a new method of inverse analysis using EOF
Dividing the distance of each transmission path by the range-averaged current at five layers in the vertical section for the six transmission paths obtained from the AI model
a matrix Yik consisting of Δt′ for each layer and path is obtained as follows:
where i and k represent the six transmission paths and five layers
inverse analysis yields the horizontal current fields for each layer
The EOF analysis results using the KOOS 3-D current fields are shown in Figure 2
which originally comprised 12 horizontal layers
The layers were categorized based on the spatial pattern of the current value deviation over time
1st and 2nd layers show the greatest variation across the domain; therefore
we averaged them and used them as Layer 1 of the inverse analysis
and 5 of the inverse analysis were used by averaging the 3rd–5th
and 11th–12th layers of the KOOS model
Figure 2 Three-dimensional EOF analysis results
(Rows) Eigenvectors for the first 3 modes (columns from left to right) at Layers 1
Bottom panels represent time series of the principal components for the first 3 modes for u- (red) and v-components (black)
Figure 2 shows the eigenvector field and PC time series for the first three modes with significant patterns obtained from EOF analysis
This is characterized by the dominance of north-south reciprocating components in mode 1
The first five modes were used in the ‘E matrix’ of inverse analysis
The five modes explained 90.73% and 98.80% of the u- and v-component variance
The eigenvectors of the five modes are extracted for each transmission path and layer
‘E matrix’ was defined as follows:
respectively; Ri is the length of each path; and C0 is the reference sound speed
θi is the angle between each transmission path and the x-axis
and error e have the following relationships:
Applying the L-curve method to this relationship yields the point at which error(e) and solution(X) are optimally balanced (Hansen and O’Leary, 1993; Park and Kaneko, 2001)
skipped notation) can be expressed as the following matrix: When this is performed for all five layers
which is dot-produced with the eigenvectors to yield a 3-D current field (Uk
correlation coefficient (R) values were 0.88
This confirmed that the current field reproduced by the KOOS model was suitable for this study
Table 3 Summary of shipboard ADCP observations
Figure 3 Comparison of along-path averaged velocity between ADCP observations and KOOS model outputs
Blue and red dots indicate ADCP observations carried out in 2022 and 2023
and p-values are calculated for the entire period
The method presented in Section 2.2 was applied to all five horizontal layers in the domain
The estimated current field was validated by comparison with KOOS outputs
sound waves propagating along a path are significantly affected by the along-path current velocity
current velocity was converted to the along-path current velocity (u cosθ + v sinθ)
which are nearly zonal to the latitude line
were slightly influenced by the north-south components of the current
The estimated current field reproduced the KOOS current fields for all paths well
with average RMSE values less than 4 cm/s and average R values exceeding 0.9
Figure 4 Comparison between the true value (KOOS model outputs
black) and results from the inverse estimation (blue) on S4 (K4–K3)
Table 4 RMSE (unit: cm/s) and R (correlation coefficient) values between the true current fields (KOOS model outputs) and inverse estimations
Yeosu Bay is dominated by the v-component, and the upper and lower layers sometimes exhibit opposite phases, depending on the tidal phase. This can be observed from snapshots of v-component along the section, which are presented in Figure 5
When comparing the true values in the first column with the estimated current fields in the second column
the two-layer structure is reproduced similarly in the contours in the first row
the flood tidal period-averaged contours show a northward flow in all five layers
and the ebb tidal period-averaged contours show a southward flow
which is very similar between the estimated and true values
The difference (True - estimation) is higher than -3.8 cm/s and lower than 3.2 cm/s
snapshots are not presented because they show patterns like those of S1 (K1–K3)
Figure 5 V-component along the section between K1 and K3 averaged (top panels) during July–August 2022
(middle panels) during the flood tidal period
and (bottom panels) during the ebb tidal period
First and second columns represent the true current field from the KOOS model and the results from the inverse estimation
Third column represents the difference between them (True - Estimation)
Figure 6 Snapshots of mapped current velocity at Layers 1
Magenta and blue arrows indicate the results from the inverse estimation and the true value from KOOS model
The RMSE fields of the estimated current for each layer during the validation period are shown in Figure 7
The spatially averaged RMSE values for each layer are indicated in parentheses
The error of the u-component is slightly lower than that of the v-component
The errors were somewhat higher in the upper layer than in the middle and bottom layers and were larger in areas where the simulation path did not intersect or at the edges of the domain
Figure 7 RMSE of u-component and v-component in January
The percent of variance explained (PVE) for each layer indicates the degree to which the estimated current field reproduces the variability compared to the true value. It is calculated using the equation ‘PVE = (1– σerr2/σtrue2)*100’, where σtrue2 and σerr2 represent the variance of the true value and the error (true value – calculated value), respectively. Figure 8 shows the PVE for each layer
The values in each title within the parentheses
represent the average PVE values within the domain enclosed by the six simulation paths
The average PVE for the u-component ranged from 49.8% to 68.9%
with approximately 10% variation among the layers
the average PVE ranges from 93.8% to 96.0%
with a variation of approximately 1% among the layers
This result suggests that the higher RMSE in the upper layer compared to the middle and bottom layers can be attributed to the higher current velocity values and variability in the upper layer
The higher PVE for the v-component compared to the u-component is interpreted to be caused by the EOF related to the domain characteristics represented by the simple current pattern in the v-component
Figure 8 PVE of u-component and v-component in January
In contrast to ray-tracing simulations utilizing the Bellhop model
in-situ data may encompass a diverse array of noise
To assess the impact of noise within in-situ data on inverse analysis
artificially introducing noise to the results (Δt) of the ray-tracing simulation
The noise was configured to follow a random normal distribution
and 11 experiments were structured based on varying noise intensities
The application of noise in each experiment is governed by the following equation:
Here, n was established based on the maximum, minimum, and mean values derived from the observational results of CAT and the ray-tracing simulation results (Table 5). Table 6 lists the mean values of the RMSE for the along-path current calculated from the AI model noise test
The difference in RMSE between Case 1 (no noise) and Case 7 (noise with a magnitude of 10×σ’) was computed to be less than 1 cm/s
And RMSE difference between Case 1 and Case 11 (noise with a magnitude of 200×σ’) was calculated to be less than 4.4 cm/s
This implies that even with a 20-fold increase in the magnitude of noise
the increase in error was less than 2.2 times
the AI model demonstrated the capability of reducing the noise inherent in the observational results of CAT
these experiments suggest the feasibility of conducting quality control of CAT data using an AI model
Table 5 CAT observation and Bellhop Model output data used for determining standard deviation (unit: sec
Table 6 RMSE of the along-path-averaged velocity between true value (KOOS model output) and the results from AI model noise test (unit: cm/s)
Figure 9 Scatter plots of currents between the observations from ADCP moorings and estimations from the inverse analysis using in-situ CAT data
Upper three panels are for mooring site P1 and lower three panels are for mooring site P2
Correlation coefficient (R) and RMSE values between the observed and estimated zonal and meridional (u and v) currents are shown in each panel
“Light blue and red dots indicate u- and v-components
The v-component exhibited a lower RMSE and higher correlation coefficient than the u-component
which is attributed to the alignment of the current direction of the v-component with the along-channel direction
Upon examining the KOOS model as of September and October 2022
it was observed that the v-component had a minimum of 3.8 times and a maximum of 9.9 times higher standard deviation in the five layers than the u-component at the nearest grid to P1 and P2
the observed currents at P1 and P2 showed a standard deviation of at least 2.3 times and up to 6.1 times higher for the v-component than for the u-component in the five layers
This indicates a significant deviation between the two components of the current velocity in the KOOS model used to develop the proposed method in this study
These characteristics of the KOOS model output and its spatial resolution of 300 m appear to account for the differences between the components in the validation results
This issue may be addressed in a future study by improving our 3-D current field inverse method by utilizing a high-resolution coastal ocean model with spatial and temporal resolutions of 100 m and 30 min
we propose a new method for estimating the three-dimensional current field by combining AI and inverse methods
Ray-tracing simulations were performed using the Bellhop model
and the range-averaged currents at five layers and six simulation paths were obtained from the AI model
The inverse method is applied to each of the five horizontal layers
The significance of this study can be summarized as follows:
the 3-D current field was estimated for the first time by combining AI and inverse methods
The CAT in-situ observations are theoretically capable of identifying rays passing through all layers
making it difficult to estimate current fields in the vertical sections of the experimental paths
An AI model was employed to obtain the current fields in the vertical sections
applying the EOF of the current fields to the inverse method simplified the coastal boundary condition problem by incorporating the current-field characteristics of the domain through the first five EOF modes
the noise test of the AI model showed that it can handle the noise generated by the observations; therefore
it is applicable to CAT in-situ observations
which are expected to contain more noisy signals than ray tracing simulations
after applying the AI model to CAT in-situ observations taken in the domain over a one-month period starting on September 22
the estimated current fields showed that the along-channel velocity matched well with the ADCP mooring data at the two points inside the domain (R > 0.85)
These results suggest that our novel 3-D current field estimation method is applicable to in-situ CAT data in the Yeosu Bay
since the high-resolution KOOS model outputs are available all around the coastal seas of Korea
its application would be possible to other coastal areas where the CAT system is installed to continuously monitor 3-D current changes
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material
Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author
The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research
This research was funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries
“Development of 3-D Ocean Current Observation Technology for Efficient Response to Maritime Distress”)
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations
Any product that may be evaluated in this article
or claim that may be made by its manufacturer
is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1362335/full#supplementary-material
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Received: 28 December 2023; Accepted: 08 February 2024;Published: 26 February 2024
Copyright © 2024 Hwang, Lee, Song, Kim, Ha, Choi, Kwon and Park. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)
distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted
provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited
in accordance with accepted academic practice
distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms
*Correspondence: Jae-Hun Park, amFlaHVucGFya0BpbmhhLmFjLmty
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Artificial intelligence (AI) infrastructure and service company SNET System announced on the 10th that it has signed a business agreement with SR to spread the AI safety management system to respond to the Serious Accident Punishment Act
The agreement was designed to distribute AI-based industrial safety management systems to manufacturing companies in Yeosu National Industrial Complex in Jeollanam-do to establish a safe working environment in response to the Serious Accident Punishment Act
the SNet system supports hardware and software technologies needed for on-site network infrastructure and provides a technical foundation for monitoring and responding to on-site safety information in real time through the development of AI Safeguard platforms
SR will be in charge of responding to customer advice
providing customized safety education and consulting services
and supporting customer sales and maintenance in Yeosu Industrial Complex
AI Safeguard is a customized environmental safety monitoring service that uses AI to monitor worker safety in real time
The system integrates worker location tracking
and harmful gas detection into one to detect and respond immediately to dangerous situations in advance
It provides a safe working environment as required by the Occupational Safety and Health Act and the Central Investigation Act
and provides a safety management system optimized for construction sites and hazardous areas in particular
"We expect the AI-based safety management system to further strengthen the level of industrial safety in Yeosu Industrial Complex through this agreement," said Park Dong-chan
head of the AIoT (Artificial Intelligence) business division of Snet System
"AI Safeguard will support real-time on-site monitoring and response to help companies comply with legal requirements more effectively
and will continue to spread industrial safety solutions using AI technology nationwide."
SR will support manufacturing companies in Yeosu Industrial Complex not only to comply with the law
but also to manage workers' safety more systematically," said Chung Hyeon-woo
"We will contribute to strengthening the accident prevention system and establishing a sustainable safety culture through the introduction of AI safeguards."
Fire authorities are extinguishing a fire at a thermal power plant in Yeosu
According to the fire authorities on the 7th
Flames and smoke are reportedly coming from one building in the power plant where the facility was being lifted
and there were no explosions or casualties
Fire authorities are mobilizing equipment and manpower to extinguish the fire
Chevron operates in South Korea as a 50% shareholder in GS Caltex Corp.
the country’s second-largest energy company
GS Caltex operates one of the world’s largest refineries
and has a large network of GS Caltex® service stations
GS Caltex is a registered trademark of GS Caltex Corporation
Chevron is in the petrochemicals business through the operations of GS Caltex
Chevron Aviation supplies aviation fuel for commercial airlines and general aviation at major airports in South Korea
also has a gas supply and trading office in Seoul to provide commercial and operational support to our Upstream and Midstream units and liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects
This marketing office works with teams in Australia
in the United States to expand our LNG business in South Korea
Chevron contracts with South Korean shipyards and fabrication yards to safely and efficiently build high-quality infrastructure to develop energy resources around the world
Chevron has made significant investments in South Korea to design and contract oil and gas processing facilities as well as ships used to transport LNG
Chevron has a 50% interest in our South Korean affiliate GS Caltex Corp
The GS Caltex refinery complex in Yeosu is the largest in the Chevron system and one of the largest in the world
The facility is capable of processing 800,000 barrels of crude oil per day
GS Caltex has invested $4.6 billion in heavy oil upgrading facilities that convert fuel oil and other low-priced heavy oil into high-value products such as gasoline and diesel
GS Caltex is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of petrochemicals
GS Caltex’s petrochemical production capacity stands at:
Our Chevron Oronite subsidiary supplies fuel and lubricant additives to South Korean companies
GS Caltex has maintained its strong position with South Korean motorists for 50 years
The joint venture supplies about 2,500 service stations and 400 liquefied petroleum gas filling stations and has a 25 percent share of the nation’s fuel business
GS Caltex had sales of 2.9 metric tons of specialty
as well as 5.4 million metric tons of olefin and polyolefin
has an established tradition of partnering with the communities where we work
GS Caltex established the GS Caltex Foundation in 2006
GS Caltex makes an annual contribution to the foundation to fund initiatives that promote culture and the arts
GS Caltex’s $90 million culture and arts center in Yeosu
presents musical and other cultural events for the community
Caltex began operating in South Korea in the late 1960s
just as the country was developing its economic strength
Recognizing South Korea’s growing demand for petroleum products
The partners formed the Honam Oil Refinery Co
which built the nation’s second refinery in Yeosu
at the southern edge of the Korean Peninsula
GS Caltex is one of the largest and oldest joint ventures in South Korea between a foreign company and a Korean company
GS Caltex extended its presence into the South Korean petrochemicals business
GS Caltex also began operating a network of service stations
which quickly gained a substantial share of Korea’s automotive gasoline business
GS Caltex stands out for its high business standards and contributions to the country’s economy
For more information, please visit GS Caltex
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regulatory and political environments in the various countries in which the company operates; general domestic and international economic
including the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine
the conflict in the Middle East and the global response to these hostilities; changing refining
marketing and chemicals margins; the company’s ability to realize anticipated cost savings and efficiencies associated with enterprise structural cost reduction initiatives; actions of competitors or regulators; timing of exploration expenses; changes in projected future cash flows; timing of crude oil liftings; uncertainties about the estimated quantities of crude oil
natural gas liquids and natural gas reserves; the competitiveness of alternate-energy sources or product substitutes; pace and scale of the development of large carbon capture and offset markets; the results of operations and financial condition of the company’s suppliers
partners and equity affiliates; the inability or failure of the company’s joint-venture partners to fund their share of operations and development activities; the potential failure to achieve expected net production from existing and future crude oil and natural gas development projects; potential delays in the development
construction or start-up of planned projects; the potential disruption or interruption of the company’s operations due to war
or other natural or human causes beyond the company’s control; the potential liability for remedial actions or assessments under existing or future environmental regulations and litigation; significant operational
investment or product changes undertaken or required by existing or future environmental statutes and regulations
including as a result of the ongoing arbitration proceedings regarding preemptive rights in the Stabroek Block joint operating agreement; risks that such ongoing arbitration is not satisfactorily resolved and the potential transaction fails to be consummated; uncertainties as to whether the potential transaction
will achieve its anticipated economic benefits
including as a result of risks associated with third party contracts containing material consent
changes in fiscal terms or restrictions on scope of company operations; foreign currency movements compared with the U.S
Other unpredictable or unknown factors not discussed on this website could also have material adverse effects on forward-looking statements
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