Metrics details Subduction zones play a crucial role in controlling interactions between the oceanic crust and mantle and facilitating subsequent volatile and mass transfer to mantle depths petrological modeling coupled with time evolving models and garnet-bearing mica-schists provide evidence that mineral dehydration triggered fluid-rock interaction processes in a cold and mature paleo-subduction zone Blueschists from the Acatlán Complex exhibit an enrichment compared to the Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts and the Altered Oceanic Crust a positive correlation between K/Th and Ba/Th We propose that such metasomatic characteristics were acquired during the interaction between the mafic subducted oceanic crust and both external and in-situ fluids along the transition from free sinking to mature stage in the paleo-subduction zone the sedimentary portion of the Acatlán Complex produced external fluids through the dewatering of epidote the mafic portion generated in-situ fluids primarily enriched in Cs through the breakdown of lawsonite and chlorite Both external and in-situ fluids interacted with the mafic subducted oceanic crusts at 1.9–2.0 GPa and 477–555 °C these external and in-situ fluids can be influenced by the expansion of the system (positive ΔVr solids + fluids) and changes in permeability facilitating the migration of fluids parallel to the NE-SW foliation as recorded in the Acatlán Complex blueschists (d) Geological cross-section illustrating the lithodemes present in the studied regions and geochemical modeling to characterize the prograde physicochemical characteristics of HP–LT rocks from the AC Our results show that the metasomatic geochemical characteristics of the AC were acquired through the interaction between the subducted oceanic crust and fluids released from the dewatering of hydrated mineral phases (such as epidote and potentially lawsonite) during the transition from free sinking to mature subduction stages Consequently, during these cold stages and κ in the subducted oceanic crust were triggered by the dewatering reactions Fluid migration was facilitated by these petrophysical changes allowing the fluids to migrate parallel to the developed foliation Structural and textural characteristics of HP–LT rocks from the AC (b) Nematoblastic texture defined by Na-amphibole (c) Elongated rutile inclusions within Na-amphibole which are also aligned parallel to the NE-SW foliation (d) Garnet exhibiting a poikiloblastic texture (e) Massive retrograde eclogites in contact with garnet-bearing mica-schists in the AC (f) Retrograde eclogite surrounded by segregation structures (g) Granoblastic texture in a retrograde eclogite epidote/zoisite is oriented perpendicular to the NE-SW foliation (i); Garnet-bearing mica-schist outcrop in the AC (j) Epidote-rich bands parallel to the NE-SW main foliation in the blueschists and quartz veins cutting through retrograde eclogites and plagioclase stromatic structures within retrograde eclogites the most-retrograde stages in the study area are characterized by the stabilization of chlorite and ilmenite Garnet-bearing mica-schist extends from the eastern Guadalupe region to the Ahuatlán-Mimilulco region (Fig. 2i) This lithodeme contains thin plagioclase bands intercalated with white micas and Its epidote content decreases from west to east in the study region The foliated texture surrounds garnet porphyroblasts with rim reactions composed of plagioclase This lithodeme displays the highest degree of ductile deformation illustrating elemental mobilization during dehydration processes in subduction zones and a global compilation of mafic rocks that have underwent HP–LT metamorphism (details in the Supplementary Information) The v term considers the length scale of the subducted oceanic crust and 1 Myr for the dewatering evolution The κ is derived using the equation based on Darcy’s law rule out the possibility that the high 87Sr/86Sr(350Ma) values in the blueschists are inherited from the original components (MORB or AOC) or from serpentinite dehydration These fluctuations in overpressure and κ are key to understanding how fluid migration and fluid-rock interaction processes occur in cold subduction zones The geochemical analysis of blueschists provides insights into the role of metasomatism produced in the subducted oceanic crust that gave origin to the AC The blueschists exhibit a distinct metasomatic trend and 87Sr/86Sr(350Ma) isotope ratios enrichment which are indicative of HP–LT fluid-rock interactions in subduction zones rather than solely seafloor alteration The elevated 87Sr/86Sr(350Ma) ratios observed in the blueschists further support fluid interactions rather than pre-subduction processes as these values exceed those of Carboniferous seawater and are not consistent with inheritance from either the original components (MORB or AOC) or from serpentinite dehydration and potentially lawsonite under HP–LT conditions likely contributed to the enrichment in Pb and 87Sr/86Sr(350Ma) ratios observed in the blueschists Our findings indicate that the metasomatic characteristics of the blueschists were shaped by interactions between the subducted oceanic crust and both external and in-situ fluids during the transition from free sinking to mature subduction stages in the AC These external and in-situ fluids were generated from the sedimentary and mafic portions of the AC the preservation of NE-SW trending epidote-rich bands in the blueschists may reflect fluid migration along foliation planes during this transition as well as κ evolution of the subducted oceanic crust these findings highlight the importance of HP–LT fluid-rock interactions in shaping the geochemical and petrophysical evolution of subducted oceanic crust, offering insights into processes influencing interface seismicity and mantle wedge hydration patterns in cold subduction zones and garnet-bearing mica-schists) were crushed using a jaw crusher and finally pulverized with a tungsten carbide mill set The Agilent 735 ICP-OES was utilized to obtain geochemical data for the major elements while the Perkin Elmer Elan 9000 was utilized for the trace and REE elements at Activation Laboratories (ActLabs; Ontario The geological reference materials employed for the major and trace elements (at ActLabs) are the following: NIST 694 A correlation matrix was prepared using the software Statistica V Eleven samples were selected for the determination of their Rb–Sr and Sm–Nd isotopic ratios (Fig. 4; Table S2) and Nd were separated using standard ion-exchange methods at Laboratorio Universitario de Geoquímica Isotópica (LUGIS) Because Rb causes isobaric interference with Sr on mass 87 and Nd has isobaric interferences with Sm on mases 144 LUGIS uses different Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometers (TIMS) to measure these isotopic systems avoiding potential isobaric interferences caused by contamination from previously analyzed samples the Sr and Nd isotopic analyses were performed using a Thermo Scientific Triton Plus mass spectrometer equipped with a thermal ion source while Rb and Sm isotopic ratios were determined using a Finnigan MAT 262 The Triton Plus is equipped with nine adjustable Faraday collectors and five ion counters and the MAT 262 has a central cup and seven adjustable Faradays All measurements were performed statically and Nd samples were loaded as chlorides and analyzed as metal ions on double rhenium filaments Each run consisted of 30 isotope ratios for Rb and Sm The values (1sd =  ±1σabs) refer to the errors during measurement expressed in the last two digits; 1 SE(M) = 1σabs /√n All Sr and Nd isotopic ratios were corrected for mass fractionation through normalization to 86Sr/88Sr = 0.1194 and 146Nd/144Nd = 0.7219 The values for the NBS 987 (Sr) standard obtained at LUGIS are 87Sr/86Sr = 0.710256 ± 13 (±1σabs and for the La Jolla (Nd) standard: 143Nd/144Nd = 0.511849 ± 4 (±1σabs The relative uncertainty of 87Rb/86Sr is ±2% The relative reproducibility (1σ) of the concentrations of Rb The analytical blanks for the samples analyzed in this research were determined to be 0.18 ng Rb representing the prograde stages of this HP–LT metamorphic complex the \({C}_{f}\) is the concentration of an element in the fluid while \({C}_{0}\) is the concentration of that element in the source \(F\) is the fluid fraction that is in equilibrium with the solid residuum can be derived for each element using the following calculation: where \({K}_{n}\) is the fluid/mineral partition coefficient for a specific element in phase n, and \({X}_{n}\) is the normalized modal proportion of that phase. The \({K}_{n}\) values for clinopyroxene, garnet, rutile, zoisite, mica, lawsonite, and amphibole were sourced from The Geochemical Earth Reference Model (GERM) Partition Coefficients Database (KdD) (https://kdd.earthref.org/KdD/) Based on predicted metamorphic fluids along the time-evolving models of the slab top, we determine a fluid production term, v, on the order of 10–6 m3/m2 yr (Fig. 6) This term considers the length scale of the subducted oceanic crust of the thermal model and it is integrated over the inferred 1 Ma duration of the time-evolving models of the slab top and dh/dz is the hydraulic gradient driving fluid flow The volume of fluid passing through a cross-sectional area per unit of time the volume flux or Darcy velocity (v) is calculated as follows: By substituting Eq. (7) into Eq. (6) and solving for hydraulic conductivity is related to the volume flux or Darcy velocity (v): We have used a \(\rho\) of 1230 kg/m3 and a \(\eta\) of 0.0001 Pa.s All data used for the geochemical, isotopic, and thermodynamic are provided in Supplementary Information. The software GeoPS (version 3.3.2) used for the petrological modeling is available at https://doi.org/10.1111/jmg.12626 Generation of mobile components during subduction of oceanic crust Metamorphic chemical geodynamics of subduction zones Experimental evidence for fluid-induced melting in subduction zones An evaluation of reactive fluid flow and trace element mobility in subducting slabs Trace-element mobilization in slabs due to non steady-state fluid–rock interaction: constraints from an eclogite-facies transport vein in blueschist (Tianshan Fluid–rock interaction and evolution of a high-pressure/low-temperature vein system in eclogite from New Caledonia: insights into intraslab fluid flow processes Effects of water transportation on subduction dynamics: Roles of viscosity and density reduction A revised petrological model for subducted oceanic crust: Insights from phase equilibrium modelling The versatility of petrological modeling: Thermobarometry of high-pressure metabasites from the Renge and Sanbagawa belts and phase evolution during warm subduction at Nankai Fluid-induced fault reactivation due to brucite+ antigorite dehydration triggered the Mw7.1 September 19th Puebla-Morelos (Mexico) intermediate-depth earthquake Hydrogeology and mechanics of subduction zone forearcs: Fluid flow and pore pressure The role of metamorphic fluid in tectonic tremor along the Alpine Fault Geologic evidence of lithostatic pore fluid pressures at the base of the subduction seismogenic zone High pore pressures and porosity at 35 km depth in the Cascadia subduction zone Permeability of subducted oceanic crust revealed by eclogite-facies vugs Transient permeability of a deep-seated subduction interface shear zone Slab temperature evolution over the lifetime of a subduction zone Coupling changes in densities and porosity to fluid pressure variations in reactive porous fluid flow: Local thermodynamic equilibrium Fast intraslab fluid-flow events linked to pulses of high pore fluid pressure at the subducted plate interface Instantaneous rock transformations in the deep crust driven by reactive fluid flow The pre-Mesozoic metamorphic basement of Mexico A new record of deeper and colder subduction in the Acatlán complex Mexico: Evidence from phase equilibrium modelling and Zr-in-rutile thermometry GeoPS: An interactive visual computing tool for thermodynamic modelling of phase equilibria Tectonometamorphic evolution of the Acatlan Complex eclogites (southern Mexico) Pressure-temperature-time evolution of Paleozoic high-pressure rocks of the Acatlán Complex (southern Mexico): implications for the evolution of the Iapetus and Rheic Oceans Lu-Hf geochronology of Mississippian high-pressure metamorphism in the Acatlán Complex PTt constraints on exhumation following subduction in the Rheic Ocean from eclogitic rocks in thevAcatlán complex of southern México Conflicting Stratigraphic and Geochronologic Data from the Acatlán Complex:" Ordovician" Granites Intrude Metamorphic and Sedimentary Rocks of Devonian-Permian age A re-evaluation of the peak P-T conditions of eclogite-facies metamorphism of the Paleozoic Acatlán Complex (Mexico) reveals deeper subduction Late Paleozoic subduction and exhumation of Cambro-Ordovician passive margin and arc rocks in the northern Acatlán Complex southern Mexico: Geochronological constraints A Carboniferous high-pressure klippe in the western Acatlán Complex of southern México: Implications for the tectonothermal development and palaeogeography of Pangea Análisis geoquímico y petrogenético de los esquistos azules del Complejo Acatlán México: los efectos del proceso de interacción fluido-roca en el metamorfismo de alta presión-baja temperatura The mean composition of ocean ridge basalts Volcanic arcs fed by rapid pulsed fluid flow through subducting slabs Tracing subduction zone fluid-rock interactions using trace element and Mg-Sr-Nd isotopes The Chemical Composition of Subducting Sediments (Elsevier Kelley, K. A., Plank, T., Ludden, J. & Staudigel, H. Composition of altered oceanic crust at ODP Sites 801 and 1149. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GC000435 (2003) Sm–Nd and Rb–Sr systematics of mid-ocean ridge basalt glasses southern Mexico: implications for Paleozoic North American tectonics The chemical composition of subducting sediment and its consequences for the crust and mantle Subducted Precambrian oceanic crust: geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic evidence from metabasalts of the Aksu blueschist Nd) isotope perspective on metasomatic processes in a subducting slab Compositional and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic variations of Baijingsi eclogites from the North Qilian orogen Old and juvenile source of Paleozoic and Mesozoic basaltic magmas in the Acatlán and Ayú complexes Elemental mixing systematics and Sr–Nd isotope geochemistry of mélange formation: Obstacles to identification of fluid sources to arc volcanics Nd) compositions of Late Paleozoic carbonated eclogite and marble from the SW Tianshan UHP belt NW China: implications for deep carbon cycle Episodic hydrofracturing and large-scale flushing along deep subduction interfaces: Implications for fluid transfer and carbon recycling (Zagros Orogen Trace element fractionation during fluid-induced eclogitization in a subducting slab: trace element and Lu–Hf–Sm–Nd isotope systematics Lawsonite blueschists and lawsonite eclogites as proxies for palaeo-subduction zone processes: a review Trace and rare earth element compositions of lawsonite as a chemical tracer of metamorphic processes in subduction zones Blueschist-facies rehydration of eclogites (Tian Shan NW-China): implications for fluid–rock interaction in the subduction channel Trace element signature of subduction-zone fluids melts and supercritical liquids at 120–180 km depth Aqueous fluids and hydrous melts in high-pressure and ultra-high pressure rocks: Implications for element transfer in subduction zones Accessory phase control on the trace element signature of sediment melts in subduction zones Seismic evidence for overpressured subducted oceanic crust and megathrust fault sealing Seismic evidence for high pore pressures in the oceanic crust: Implications for fluid-related embrittlement Permeability anisotropy of serpentinite and fluid pathways in a subduction zone Porosity of metamorphic rocks and fluid migration within subduction interfaces Influence of structure and pore pressure of plate interface on tectonic tremor in the Nankai subduction zone Along-fault pore-pressure evolution during a slow-slip event in Guerrero Rapid tremor migration and pore-pressure waves in subduction zones Sm and Nd isotopic abundances in standard solutions An improved and extended internally consistent thermodynamic dataset for phases of petrological interest involving a new equation of state for solids The oxidation state of Fe in MORB glasses and the oxygen fugacity of the upper mantle Activity–composition relations for the calculation of partial melting equilibria in metabasic rocks New mineral activity–composition relations for thermodynamic calculations in metapelitic systems Activity–composition relations for phases in petrological calculations: an asymmetric multicomponent formulation Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals Trace Elements in Magmas: a Theoretical Treatment (Cambridge University Press Zoisite-aqueous fluid trace element partitioning with implications for subduction zone fluid composition 87Sr/86Sr isotopic evolution of Lower Carboniferous seawater: Dinantian of western Europe Download references Funding for this work was provided by PAPIIT-DGAPA UNAM project IA102121 Vanessa Colás Ginés is thanked for the project administration and fieldwork assistance Holt is thanked for providing the thermal models used in the petrological modeling calculations We thank to the three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments which have greatly enhanced the quality of this work Macias Romo about the Acatlán Complex are appreciated Bautista Pueyo for their valuable assistance during fieldwork at the Acatlán Complex We thank the valuable contributions of the LUGIS staff: T Hernández Treviño for his assistance with the mechanical preparation of samples Arrieta García for conducting isotopic measurements Solís Pichardo for chemical separation and detailed curation of the isotopic data used in this work Present address: Posgrado en Ciencias de la Tierra Fabián Gutiérrez-Aguilar & Alfredo Victoria-Morales Prepared the conceptualization of this project Performed the formal analysis and calculations accomplished the validation of the geochemical data curation Accomplished the validation of the isotopic data curation and reviewed the original draft Discussed and interpreted the results and reviewed the original draft The authors declare no competing interests Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93279-9 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science Sotheby’s upcoming auction of Prints & Multiples will feature important work by noteworthy artists of the past 150 years Highlights include: Flags I Jasper Johns’ richly layered 1973 screenprint presenting an iconic image within the artist’s oeuvre in its most striking graphic form; a monumental screenprint on linen Henri Matisse’s largest scale editioned piece and a brilliant example of his use of “cut-outs”; Andy Warhol’s beloved Flowers a powerful wall of color that is his 1970 portfolio of 10; and Baby Charles Looking Over His Mother's Shoulder (No portraying the artist’s extraordinary ability to capture maternal love “Hotel Acatlán: First Day presents a brightly colored panoramic view of the courtyard of the Hotel Romano Angeles in Acatlán Hockney’s stay at this hotel in 1984 was purely accidental The artist’s car broke down while he was traveling to the opening of his exhibition at the Museo Rufino Tamayo and a subsequent stay at the hotel later that year with the printer Kenneth Tyler one etching and a painting of the hotel’s courtyard.” –Chanler Rutherfurd David Hockney, Hotel Acatlán: First Day (Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo 269). Estimate $30,000–50,000 on Sotheby's Prints & Multiples Auction ArtDependence Magazine is an international magazine covering all spheres of contemporary art ArtDependence features the latest art news highlighting interviews with today’s most influential artists fair directors and individuals at the axis of the arts The magazine also covers series of articles and reviews on critical art events new publications and other foremost happenings in the art world If you would like to submit events or editorial content to ArtDependence Magazine, please feel free to reach the magazine via the contact page A number of independent journalists in Mexico have banded together to form a crackdown against "noticias falsas" (fake news) The lynching began with a post spread on WhatsApp a small village in the municipality of Acatlán de Osorio received a rousing message on their phones: Two men had gotten drunk outside of a preparatory school and were intent on kidnapping — they were robachicos Over 40 kids had been kidnapped in the area that year already a mob formed outside of Acatlán’s small jail: The men had been captured “They’re high and drunk and they’re stealing kids!” one man shouted in Spanish at the officers guarding the men’s cell “Someone must warn all the girls!” an older woman yelled as three men began prying at the main gate with shovels and brooms Vámonos!” the crowd chanted as the door fell aside Moments later, the two men were dragged outside, sprayed with gasoline and burned alive, their bodies laid out naked in the square. This was the tenth mob lynching in the state of Puebla this year the men — 53-year-old Alberto Flores Morales and his 22-year-old nephew Ricardo Flores Rodríguez — were found to be completely innocent They had arrived in town to buy construction supplies and had been arrested for drinking in public a 33-year-old reporter for AJ+ Español named Monica Cruz Rosas drove with her producer Oscar Sánchez from Mexico City to Acatlán to investigate the lynchings at a deeper level than mass media had a Mexico City-born and University of California Berkeley-educated reporter was attached to the Acatlán case in multiple ways fearless fact-checkers like her — often volunteering on their own time — had been introducing a much-needed fresh media standard for reporting the facts in Mexico But the need for diligent fact-checkers wasn’t just political Cruz Rosas and her producer arrived by car in the state of Puebla on September 4 They had just attended the funerals of both men killed in the lynching interviewed their families and were riled up they passed a band of huachicoleros (“gasoline robbers”) brandishing AK-47s and ski masks “I had no phone signal,” she says ‘What’s our way out if they stop us?’ In those moments you don’t know if you’re going to survive or not.” set on providing an in-depth look for AJ+’s Verifica series a fact-verifying program designed to “explain the nature of fake news and false information.” After hours of attempting to get townsfolk on camera She knew Acatlán was a stranger to news media “They were very paranoid,” she says “They didn’t want to talk to me A lot of them acted like [the lynching] didn’t even happen It might have been better not even to identify myself as a journalist.” A half-century before the Floreses were brutally burned to death five 20-year-old college students from the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla arrived in San Miguel Canoa a village about a 40-minute drive from Acatlán eager to climb the slopes of the volcano La Malinche They interacted little with Canoa’s small population and rumors quickly grew that the BUAP students were communist protesters much like the 132 students and civilians killed by Mexican police and military forces in Tlatelolco were here to “convert” the Canoans A priest named Meza Pérez rallied against them The majority of the lynchings occurred in the states of Puebla and Mexico who write that the lynching phenomenon is “a method of social control in the face of ungovernability.” But the government’s failure to stop such mob violence based on faulty information begs the question: Who’s actually in control of information in Mexico Ramis and Cruz Rosas estimate that mass media companies like El Universal receive anywhere up to 80% of their funding from the government while Animal Político receives at most 10% it doesn’t affect our agenda.” Stemming from their exposé of Veracruz governor Javier Duarte in 2017 — which revealed criminal activity and $2 million of money laundering — Animal Político stepped up as a brand of trusted renegade truth-tellers as Mexico’s 2018 election season began to pop on the horizon Returning from a fact-checker’s conference in Madrid executive editor Tania Montalvo received word from AJ+’s executive editor that a multi-month fact-checking initiative of the election was in the works Although it was conceived as a short-term effort to keep candidates Andrés Manuel López Obrador and Ricardo Anaya in check birthed a tremor in the new media industry and 90 parties signed on to join in fact-checking beyond the election In the midst of the Acatlán lynching in August Cruz Rosas herself began operating AJ+’s own WhatsApp fact-verifying account — a user-friendly part of Verifica — where anyone can submit requests for debunking stories Most of the messages are from Mexican youth under the age of 25 legal proceedings began at the Fiscalía in Puebla concerning the lynching in Acatlán as prosecutors “ruled out that the deceased had participated in a crime.” Two suspects were arrested (one died of cirrhosis in custody) and state authorities analyzed a recorded video to pinpoint subsequent parties involved and ultimately narrowed in on about 150 individuals might be larger than a fake WhatsApp post and the wrongful immolation “there were political forces involved It was not just someone who said: ‘They did this let’s go kill them.’ It’s much deeper than that.” As Cruz Rosas works to keep the spirit of Verificado alive — she recently co-led a fact-checking conference in Puebla — she reports under the auspices of financial uncertainty There is a Catch-22 for independent journalists: The less reliant on federal money they are the more hard-pressed sites like Animal Político or Lado B are to find “plan B” funding themselves And a lack of funding can hinder journalistic efforts: Cruz Rosas and other Verificado volunteers couldn’t nail down telling WhatsApp statistics during the election because “we unfortunately didn’t have the resources to fund a team to measure the data.” But Cruz Rosas believes that honesty is worth pursuing and that young backers of uncensored reportage will increasingly support independent media As she plans her own follow-up research into the Acatlán case “It comes down to this,” she says They’re hungry for a news outlet to say ‘I’m going to give you the facts so you can understand this better.'” Because we’ve almost given up creating an agenda and replacing that with a new way to see journalism He’s at work on a novel about Mexico As Mexico prepares for national elections this summer social media is filled with misinformation and disinformation a group of news organizations and civil society groups came together earlier this year to launch Verificado 2018 a collaborative fact-checking and debunking effort The RFE/RL reporter spent 288 days in a Russian prison after she was accused of failing to declare herself a “foreign agent.” GIJN offers a snapshot of how watchdog reporters are confronting algorithmic abuses and misinformation while also employing AI as a key newsroom tool Also highlights how X influences Elon Musk’s government policy the numbers behind the successful Danish toy maker Lego friends and neighbors of a 16-year-old Mexican-American boy shot dead by local police in southern Mexico demonstrated Friday to demand justice in the case who had spent years of his short life on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border was shot in the head by a police officer Tuesday night in an incident still under investigation he had been living with his mother in Acatlan de Perez Figueroa who told us to keep going," said Teodoro Martínez "We are not going to give them much time to get to the bottom of this." The father left North Carolina to attend his son's funeral but he has no visa and may not be able to return EL PASO PROTEST: Demonstrators call for police reform at protests Relatives met with Oaxaca state Public Safety Secretary Raúl Ernesto Salcedo The state government has promised the killing will not go unpunished The town government of Acatlan de Perez Figueroa said in a statement that a police officer was involved in the shooting but that it hadn't been "in bad faith." The officer was in custody.  The dead teen and another youth who was wounded were in a group of about nine young people when the shooting happened a local police officer who would identify himself only as the "commander" said that the teens on motorcycles failed to stop at a checkpoint Oaxaca state prosecutor Ruben Vasconcelos said Thursday that "the police talk about it being an accident .. but we don't believe that." He said he expected the officer in custody to be taken before a judge on murder charges Vasconcelos said investigators were also looking into whether police tampered with the shooting scene Some other officers in the department were already under investigation over allegations of excessive use of force and even extrajudicial killings related to a shootout in mid-May in which six alleged criminals died more state and federal forces were sent to secure the area The town is in an area with high levels of street crime and organized crime activity the Oaxaca state security agency said in a statement that it had sent state police officers to the town and that the army was sending soldiers to run checkpoints and ensure public safety.  Various criminal groups are present in the area near Oaxaca's border with Veracruz state including the Jalisco New Generation cartel army and state security forces have had operations in the area We visit 11 taco spots to determine the neighborhood’s best It’s been two decades since Bushwick distinguished itself as a taco destination: before that it was an important locale for tortillerias there are around 50 places in Bushwick slinging tacos — in the backs of bodegas It’s been six years since I did a taco crawl in the neighborhood so I decided to undertake another one and bought two tacos in each place: one either al pastor or carnitas playing to the strengths of the establishment I came to the conclusion that Bushwick tacos are the city’s best Here are my observations in the order visited My taco crawl started with a bang at this cart right outside the Myrtle/Wyckoff station on the L and M trains The red al pastor was flavored with slivers of pineapple; the carnitas consisted of plump tender chunks The white corn tortillas ended up glove-like in softness and the restaurant is all kitchen with a narrow front porch I picked carnitas and poblano peppers with eggs the vegetarian taco was a botanical tour de force Next door to this bodega under the M tracks has evolved into a restaurant but the taco counter remains in the grocery the latter a little duller than the former Homemade salsa verde especially thick and tasty this mini chain serves tacos on double small corn tortillas with free guac The carnitas were great with plenty of pineapple but the barbacoa was disappointingly like beef birria may be the oldest bodega taqueria in Bushwick The carnitas taco ($4) is made with pork belly marinated pork strips with sauteed onions and guacamole in a flour tortilla Founded in 2001 and named after a city in north-central Morelos Cocoyoc is among Bushwick’s taqueria gentry finished on the flat top to add a nice sear but the unusual enchilado barbacoa ($5) was spectacular When this gleaming place opened cynics noted the similarity to Los Tacos No but in the intervening years the place has grown into its own Corn tortillas are hand patted when your order is placed but the namesake al pastor taco ($4.50) takes second place to the chicken gringa ($6) the flour tortillas stuck together with cheese La Abuelita (“the little grandmother”) presents as a bodega but deep inside tucks a darling three-table dining area with a counter where a woman wields a wooden quesadilla press This lovable place made a friend of mine from LA marvel that he’d never seen a combination tortilla factory and taqueria before The al pastor can be had as smaller-size taquitos (3 for $11) No it’s not named after the legendary Allman Bros. guitarist This spotless red van perpetually promised two dozen kinds of tacos including pork ear and beef paunch but the list had been reduced to three both of which came with bonus guac and radishes and Nene’s was a small counter on one side with red-stenciled signs and a rollicking crew Both the al pastor and the chorizo tacos ($3.90 each) are top notch Find out Who Makes the Best Bagel on the Upper West Side Chinatown Dumplings, Ranked Oops. Something went wrong. Please enter a valid email and try again. Print Reporting from Acatlan de Osorio Mexico — Ricardo Flores’ goal was to study hard become a lawyer and earn enough so that his parents could return from the United States — the destination of multitudes from this impoverished corner of south-central Mexico “Ricardo always said that once he was working because he missed her so much,” recalled his younger brother That dream came to a violent end one afternoon last month after rumors began circulating on social media and the WhatsApp messaging service that a pair of robachicos beating them before dousing them with gasoline and burning them alive on the street outside the police station here The pair had been mistakenly suspected of child abduction “It was like a great spell had overtaken the people,” said Lidia Palacios a handicrafts shopkeeper who witnessed the linchamiento The barbaric episode — reminiscent of mob killings in India fueled by viral messages — illustrates how in an era of proliferating smartphone use rumors looped on social media and messaging platforms such as WhatsApp can generate hysteria and vigilante justice ineffective policing and a pervasive sense that lawbreakers go unpunished fuel citizen outrage Cellphone video of townsfolk pummeling cornered suspects accused of robberies and other misdeeds is a regular feature on TV news handwritten billboards warn “delinquents” and “rats” that they will face street justice At least 25 people have been slain by mobs in Mexico this year including victims beaten to death and burned according to Mexico’s National Human Rights Commission Law enforcement officials fear that hoaxes spread on Facebook WhatsApp and other platforms may be exacerbating the disturbing trend In the days before Flores and his uncle were targeted half a dozen Mexican states issued public warnings refuting incendiary social media tales of kidnapping rings that remove organs from captive children to sell on the black market teachers and others that a “plague of robachicos” had snatched an unspecified number of children “We cannot permit [that] this keeps happening please pay attention,” the sham message advised This mountainous swath of Mexico’s Puebla state is heavily dependent on dollars wired from townsfolk who have immigrated to the United States The remittances supplement meager incomes from planting corn Many inhabitants are of indigenous Mixtec origins; villagers tend to be wary of police and outsiders as well as the schooling of his younger brother the Flores family endured separation so that the children would have opportunities Flores and his uncle drove in Morales’ black Ford SUV from their hamlet to the nearby village of San Vicente Boqueron The uncle planned to buy material for a fence he was building at his mother’s home nearby They parked near a school and had a few beers Their timing couldn’t have been worse — rumors were swirling across the internet that two robachicos The presence of the two strangers aroused the suspicions of villagers who approached and accused the men of being kidnappers Witnesses said Flores and his uncle were dragged from the car el pueblo will defend itself against delinquents,” said Maria Lopez signaling an emergency and attracting more villagers they drove Flores and his uncle from San Vicente Boqueron to Acatlan de Osorio An irate crowd — perhaps as many as 100 people according to witnesses and video footage — gathered outside where the two were being held They must face justice!’ ” recalled Palacios “Then suddenly they entered [the police station] and took out the two men “I can’t imagine the pain that they felt,” said Hortensia Santos who watched from her clothing shop as the two writhed in agony “The fire would go out and they would pour on more gasoline I haven’t been able to sleep; I can’t forget the image I don’t know how people can be so ruthless.” The villagers also torched the uncle’s vehicle they’re innocent,’” said Juana Ramirez Flores Law enforcement failed to “follow protocols” such as negotiating with the crowd and immediately seeking backup the secretary of public safety of the state of Puebla said in a statement Two suspects in the attack have been arrested; one later died in custody of natural causes State authorities said they were reviewing video of the incident to track down other participants They also launched an investigation to determine who was responsible for the cyber hoax that sparked the incident Officials at WhatsApp and Facebook declined to comment on the attack But the companies — Facebook owns WhatsApp — did say that both were taking measures to cut down on the rising tide of false information “WhatsApp cares deeply about the safety of our users,” the messaging service said in a statement “We believe the challenge of this horrible mob violence requires action from leaders across society after viral reports about child kidnappers sparked a series of lynchings in India WhatsApp took out full-page advertisements in Indian newspapers — along with radio spots and internet ads — providing “easy tips” to spot spurious assertions Spanish-language effort is planned for later this year in Mexico But recent attacks in Mexico suggest that such steps — and even formal warnings from local law enforcement — may not be sufficient to calm residents vigilante justice struck in Mexico’s central Hidalgo state where authorities had just sent out a Twitter message alerting the public of the child-kidnapper hoax A mob pulled a man and a woman from their truck in a rural area and beat and burned them Just as social media and smartphone apps helped spread rumors of child kidnappers these same platforms disseminated word of the fate of the lynching victims Video of the grisly scene in Acatlan de Osorio — and photos of the two charred bodies — soon reached cellphone users in the United States A distraught Rosario Rodriguez said she viewed the carnage on her phone and read Facebook commentaries about the assaults on her son and brother-in-law She and her husband flew to Mexico the next day She says she will remain until “justice” is rendered never happens to those who did this to my son,” said a sobbing Rodriguez “That they never feel the impotence of a mother who sees her son killed in such a heartless manner.” Times staff writer McDonnell reported from Mexico City special correspondent Sanchez from Acatlan de Osorio patrick.mcdonnell@latimes.com Twitter: @PmcdonnellLAT Foreign correspondent Patrick J. McDonnell is the Los Angeles Times Mexico City bureau chief and previously headed Times bureaus in Beirut, Buenos Aires and Baghdad. A native of the Bronx, McDonnell is a graduate of Columbia’s Graduate School of Journalism and was a Nieman fellow at Harvard. Politics World & Nation California Subscribe for unlimited accessSite Map Metrics details record the subduction history of the complex Previous studies indicate that the proto-Acatlán Complex reached < 50 km depth during subduction a recent study reported higher pressures for a single eclogite questioning the maximum depth reached by the complex during subduction I re-calculate eclogite pressure and temperature (P–T) conditions using thermobarometric methods applicable to eclogite-facies mafic rocks to a set of eclogites cropping out throughout the high-pressure belt of the Acatlán Complex—the Piaxtla Suite I find that Acatlán eclogites record substantially—and systematically—greater pressures than previously reported Calculations show that eclogites from the central part of the Piaxtla Suite (in the Piaxtla area) record consistent pressures of ~ 2.0 GPa and temperatures ranging between 460 and 675 °C Eclogites from the northern part of the Piaxtla Suite (Mimilulco and Santa Cruz Organal areas) lack phengite thus pressures were not calculated; temperatures calculated for these rocks at a fixed pressure (2.0 GPa) yield contrasting temperatures (511 °C and 870 °C Mimilulco eclogite likely records similar pressures (~ 2.0 GPa) to other Piaxtla eclogites whereas the pressures of Santa Cruz Organal eclogites might have been different and likely experiencing a different thermal history compared to the rest of the eclogites from the Piaxtla Suite these results indicate that the Acatlán Complex subducted to greater depths than previously thought implying a faster burial—exhumation cycle of the proto-Acatlán Complex constraining the pressure and temperature (P–T) evolution of eclogites is crucial for characterizing orogens for quantifying their burial—exhumation cycle I re-evaluate the eclogite-facies metamorphism in the Acatlán Complex I calculated eclogite P–T conditions from different localities within the Acatlán Complex to evaluate whether the complex indeed experienced deeper subduction than previously thought or that this finding represents a single deep exposure within the Acatlán Complex I discuss the implications of these results for the subduction and exhumation rates of the Acatlán Complex during the Paleozoic as well as for eclogite thermobarometry obscuring our understanding of its evolution was not included here because the published clinopyroxene (inclusion in amphibole) composition is a non-omphacitic clinopyroxene further support our findings for the other eclogites in different parts of the Acatlán Complex I argue that these new results indicate systematic deeper subduction than previously thought and corresponding inferred depths (63–75 km; see methods for pressure-to-depth conversion) suggest that different areas within the complex record slightly different depths if the uncertainties in the calculations are considered (± 0.2 GPa then the calculated pressures and inferred depths in this work converge suggesting the complex reached a similar depth during subduction The differences in calculated temperatures could suggest different locations of the proto-Acatlán Complex within the subducting slab (i.e. hotter towards the slab top vs colder towards the bottom) Regardless of the temperature interpretation the greatest depths obtained here situates the subducting proto-Acatlán Complex deeper than previously hypothesizes by all the tectonic models for the region The discrepancy between the calculated burial–exhumation cycle may be explained by the input data as the burial and exhumation rates are strongly dependent in the timing of both the formation of the eclogite protolith and the exhumation to crustal depths the thermobarometric and new depth calculations obtained in this work would unequivocally result in faster tectonic rates the obtention of reliable P–T data needs to involve the application of different thermobarometric methods where the equilibrium constant (K1) of this reaction can be expressed as: The garnet–clinopyroxene thermometer relies on the exchange of Fe2+ and Mg between garnet and clinopyroxene The equilibrium Fe2+–Mg distribution coefficient (KD) can be expressed as: Fe3+ in clinopyroxene calculated with the following relation: Fe3+ = Na–Al–Cr This Fe3+ recalculation scheme was used instead of the stochiometric Fe3+ as the latter resulted in unrealistic lower garnet–clinopyroxene temperatures (< 350 °C) All data used for the thermobarometric calculations are provided in Supplementary Information. The excel spreadsheet used the calculations is available at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2004.00534.x Eclogites and eclogite facies: Definitions and classifications Phase equilibrium modelling and implications for P–T determinations of medium-temperature UHP eclogites Exhumation of oceanic blueschists and eclogites in subduction zones: Timing and mechanisms Mexico: Evidence from phase equilibrium modelling and Zr–in–rutile thermometry Nota preliminar sobre las eclogitas de Acatlán P–T–t constraints on exhumation following subduction in the Rheic Ocean from eclogitic rocks in the Acatlán Complex of southern Mexico Pressure-temperature-time evolution of Paleozoic high-pressure rocks of the Acatlán Complex (southern Mexico): Implications for the evolution of the Iapetus and Rheic Oceans A Carboniferous high pressure/grade klippe in the western Acatlán Complex (southern Mexico): Implications for tectonothermal development and Pangean paleogeography A high-pressure folded klippe at Tehuitzingo on the western margin of an extrusion zone Constraints on the subduction erosion/extrusion cycle in the Paleozoic Acatlán Complex of southern Mexico: Geochemistry and geochronology of the type Piaxtla Suite Estratigrafía del Complejo Acatlán en la Mixteca Baja Caltepec fault zone: An Early Permian dextral transpressional boundary between the Proterozoic Oaxacan and Paleozoic Acatlán complexes 990 and 1100 Ma Grenvillian tectonothermal events in the northern Oaxacan complex U−Pb geochronology of the Acatlán Complex and implications for the Paleozoic paleogeography and tectonic evolution of southern Mexico southern Mexico: Record spanning the assembly and breakup of Pangea Synthesis and tectonic interpretation of the westernmost Paleozoic Variscan orogen in southern Mexico: From rifted Rheic margin to active Pacific margin Structural and tectonic evolution of the Acatlán Complex southern Mexico: Its role in the collisional history of Laurentia and Gondwana Late Ordovician-Early Silurian continental collisional orogeny in southern Mexico and its bearing on Gondwana-Laurentia connections U-Pb Neoproterozoic-Ordovician protolith age constraints for high- to medium-pressure rocks thrust over low-grade metamorphic rocks in the Ixcamilpa area southern Mexico: Implications for Paleozoic North American tectonics Conflicting stratigraphic and geochronologic data from the Acatlán Complex: “Ordovician” granites intrude sedimentary and metamorphic rocks of Devonian-Permian age Geothermobarometry of UHP and HP eclogites and schists–an evaluation of equilibria among garnet–clinopyroxene–kyanite–phengite–coesite/quartz The garnet–clinopyroxene Fe2+–Mg geothermometer: An updated calibration A new formulation of garnet–clinopyroxene geothermometer based on accumulation and statistical analysis of a large experimental data set Mantle geothermometry: Experimental evaluation and recalibration of Fe–Mg geothermometers for garnet-clinopyroxene and garnet-orthopyroxene in peridotite Holt, A. F. & Condit, C. B. Slab temperature evolution over the lifetime of a subduction zone. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 22, 9476. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GC009476 (2021) Exhumation processes in oceanic and continental subduction contexts: a review In Subduction Zone Geodynamics (eds Lallemand Pressures and temperatures of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism: Implications for UHP tectonics and H2O in subducting slabs Hernández-Uribe, D. & Palin, R. M. Catastrophic shear-removal of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the Colorado Plateau by the subducted Farallon slab. Sci. Rep. 9, 8153. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44628-y (2019) Effect of jadeite-content on the garnet-clinopyroxene geothermometer for an ultrahigh-pressure eclogite complex Thermobarometric methodologies applicable to eclogites and garnet ultrabasites In Ultrahigh Pressure Metamorphism (eds Carswell et al.) 229–259 (Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland Geobarometry of phengite-bearing eclogites Eclogites and eclogites in the Western Gneiss region Pitfalls in geothermobarometry of eclogites: Fe3+ and changes in the mineral chemistry of omphacite at ultrahigh pressures Download references Reviews by Tim Johnson and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved the manuscript and are gratefully acknowledged Zheng-Xiang Li is thanked for editorial handling Ramos-Arias are acknowledged for stimulating discussion about the Acatlán Complex Victoria-Morales is thanked for introducing the author to the field area Ortega-Gutiérrez is thanked for sharing the microprobe analyses of sample 152 and valuable comments in early versions of this work Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences The author declares no competing interests Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25992-8 hundreds of people bid farewell Thursday to a 16-year-old Mexican-American boy shot dead by local police in this town in southern Mexico Shouts and signs demanded “justice” and white balloons accompanied the casket of Alexander Martínez Gómez who had spent years of his short life on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border and was said to be passionate about developing as a soccer player Authorities say a police officer shot him in the head with a shotgun Tuesday night in an incident still under investigation Oaxaca state prosecutor Ruben Vasconcelos said Thursday that the attack on the teen was “frontal.” “There was a shot directly at nine youths that were riding on motorcycles and since (Alexander) was at the front of the group of people with the frontal shot he died immediately,” Vasconcelos said Another teen was wounded and still hospitalized but that it hadn’t been “in bad faith.” The officer was in custody a local police officer who would identify himself only as the “commander” said that the teens on motorcycles failed to stop at a checkpoint “There’s been talk of a lot of motives,” he said “The police talk about it being an accident .. but we don’t believe that.” He said he expected the officer in custody to be taken before a judge Friday on murder charges Vasconcelos said investigators were also looking into whether police tampered with the crime scene standing over her son’s body Tuesday night In another video circulating on social media Gómez said her son and his friends had just gone to the store to buy sodas She said the police didn’t provide first aid at the scene Her son had a North Carolina driver’s license on him Some local reports said he was visiting his grandparents Embassy said in a statement Thursday that it was aware of reports of the death of a U.S “We are closely monitoring local authorities’ investigation and stand ready to provide all appropriate consular assistance,” the statement said the Oaxaca state security agency said in a statement that it had sent state police officers to the town and that the army was sending soldiers to run checkpoints and ensure public safety Alejandro Murat had spoken to Alexander’s mother and promised there would not be impunity there was no sign of soldiers in the town as neighbors including Martínez’s father who flew in from North Carolina his casket was taken to the local soccer field and placed in the penalty area which rebounded off the casket and into the goal so Martínez could score a final goal as onlookers shouted “justice.” Various criminal groups are present in the area near Oaxaca’s border with Veracruz state Mexico has a long history of human rights violations by security forces The killing comes amid greater attention to police killings and racial injustice in the United States after the death of George Floyd in police custody in Minneapolis Protests have spread to Mexico and last week highlighted the death of Giovanni López a man allegedly beaten to death by police in a town south of Guadalajara in May Associated Press journalist Félix Márquez reported this story in Acatlan de Perez Figeuroa and AP writer Maria Verza reported from Mexico City rewritten or redistributed without permission Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker A powerful earthquake It was centered southeast of Mexico City in the state of Puebla and caused heavy and prolonged shaking across central Mexico Though the epicenter was about 100 miles from Mexico City At least 19 children were killed when a wing of the private school collapsed Rescuers worked atop a collapsed building in La Roma Rescuers and volunteers at a collapsed building in La Condesa asked for silence so they could hear trapped victims Portions of a high-rise building’s facade sheared off during the earthquake soldiers and volunteers removed rubble and debris from a flattened building in search for survivors The workers attempted to break through the rubble to reach anyone who was trapped Bricks and windows fell from the facade of a building in the capital Sandwiched between the rubble of a damaged building was what appeared to be a mattress Buildings like this one were among the structures that were heavily damaged in the earthquake A toppled facade crushed a car in the city A building in the Narvarte neighborhood was destroyed in the earthquake A full view of the Narvarte building’s remains Marina Franco contributed reporting from Mexico City A section of the Appalachian Mountains discovered in Mexico is forcing scientists to redraw their maps of ancient Earth The Appalachians are a series of mountain ranges in eastern North America that extend from Southern Quebec in Canada to northern Alabama A piece of the chain was recently uncovered in a large Mexican outcropping of rock Analyses of the rocks revealed they were formed on the ocean floor and dating showed they were much younger than previously thought "This will change the way geologists look at Mexico," said study leader Damian Nance of Ohio University It also challenges current theories about the creation of the Appalachians mountain ranges that have revealed valuable clues about the planet's early geography Previously, scientists thought that 420 million years ago Earth contained two main land masses that were separated by a large expanse of sea a supercontinent consisting of South America According to the standard scenario [image] the Acatlan Complex was once part of Gondwana but it broke off the supercontinent about 500 million years ago and in the process blocked a stretch of sea known as the Iapetus Ocean The Acatlan Complex eventually collided with North America and with the force of a colossal bulldozer sent the once flat land into mountain-size ripples—forming the Appalachian Mountains Get the world’s most fascinating discoveries delivered straight to your inbox But the recent analysis of the Acatlan Complex rocks revealed they once existed on the Rheic ocean floor suggesting the Appalachian-forming collision occurred about 120 million years later The study is detailed in the October issue of the journal Geology Pangea began to break up about 225-200 million years ago El Cono: The mysterious sacred 'pyramid' hidden deep in the Amazon rainforest Yellowstone holds potentially untapped cache of 'carbon-free' helium for rockets May's full 'Flower Moon' will be a micromoon The 16-year-old victim – identified only as Alexander – was killed on Tuesday night after he went out to buy soda Details of the shooting remain unclear. News agency Quadratín said Alexander was shot at from a patrol car in an attack that injured a friend The newspaper Reforma quoted a family member who said Alexander was riding on a motorcycle with a 15-year-old boy at around 10.50pm and was chased by police “They were in a petrol station buying a soda and because these 15- and 16-year-old boys were scared “They didn’t give them the option to stop or take off their face masks They simply started to shoot and they shot him in the head Alexander died instantly because the police didn’t want to give him first aid.” Prosecutors in Oaxaca have opened an investigation into the shooting in the town of Acatlán de Pérez Figueroa The municipal government expressed regret on its Facebook page “for the incident that occurred last night” and said it had turned over evidence to state investigators But it also tried to pass off the shooting as an accident saying it was not carried out “in bad faith or to harm the community” They also showed sly support for the police with the illegible hashtag: #Thehistoryofthe[police]forcespeaksforitself The municipality’s statement reflected a tendency for Mexican authorities to blame the victims of violence for the crimes and aggressions committed against them – including police brutality “They want to incriminate Alexander to justify the vileness of their actions,” tweeted Javier Valdivia Read moreLocal press reports said Alexander was staying with his grandparents in the town where he was shot Relatives say he was born in North Carolina to Mexican parents The killing comes just days after a wave of national indignation over the death of Giovanni López, a construction worker in western Jalisco state, who was forcibly detained by municipal police for not wearing a mask and found dead the next day by his family Subsequent protests against police violence were themselves met by further police violence. About 80 people were seized by plainclothes police officers on their way to a demonstration in the city of Guadalajara, and held for hours. The victims said they were beaten, threatened with death and eventually dumped in isolated areas Evidence collected by human rights groups suggested that security forces in Mexico are routinely responsible for abuse, torture and extrajudicial killings “It’s really a volatile mix of a lack of training, an inability to attract quality people and a lack of oversight,” said Falko Ernst, senior Mexico analyst with the International Crisis Group “There’s also an endemic culture of corruption and collusion.”