have become the first group of farmers in the state to openly grow marijuana as a legitimate agricultural crop
One hundred marijuana plants have been planted in the Cuautlixco ejido (communal land area)
and the group plans to cultivate a total of 500 plants
according to farmer and activist Isidrio Cisneros
More are planned in two other Morelos towns — Anenecuilco and Xalostoc
Cisneros says the plants in Cuautlixco will be used to produce medicinal products such as CBD oil
The activist and the Cuautlixco ejido members are part of a statewide campaign to promote the legal planting of marijuana for sale in Morelos
In August 2021, farmers from Tetecala, along with various marijuana legalization organizations, marched in front of the offices of the state health regulatory agency in Cuernavaca with marijuana plants in tow and joints in hand. The farmers requested a license to grow the crop
viewing it as a more lucrative alternative to sugar cane farming
Farmers from around the state and civil society organizations from Morelos and various states signed a document last fall called the Tetecala Plan that calls for liberalizing the production
sale and export of marijuana throughout the country
The document was sent to President López Obrador but there has yet to be an official response to the group’s demands
the Morelos Human Rights Commission recently released a statement granting protection to farmers who grow marijuana in the state
“There was a lot of misinformation about the openness to [marijuana] that has slowed its cultivation,” it said
[farmers] are realizing that the situation has changed and that there is more acceptance on the part of the government now.”
With reports from El Sol de Cuernavaca, El Sol de Cuernavaca and Aristegui Noticias
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ROAR is an independent journal of the radical imagination providing grassroots perspectives from the front-lines of the global struggle for real democracy
the Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata was ambushed and murdered after taking a leading role in the peasant revolution in Chiapas
1919) was a leading figure in the Mexican Revolution of 1910 against the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz
He is considered to be one of the national heroes of Mexico; the Zapatistas
a revolutionary movement based in the state of Chiapas
Zapata was born in the small central Mexican state of Morelos in the village of Anenecuilco
At the time Mexico was ruled by a dictatorship under Díaz
The social system of the time was a sort of proto-capitalist feudal system
with large landed estates (haciendas) controlling more and more of the land and squeezing it away from independent communities of Indians (pueblos)
who were then subsequently forced into debt slavery (peonage) on the haciendas
Díaz ran local elections to pacify the peones and run a government that they could argue was self-imposed
Under Díaz close confidants and associates were given offices in districts throughout Mexico
These offices became the enforcers of land reforms that concentrated the haciendas into fewer hands
avoiding peonage and maintaining their own land (ranchero)
In fact the family had in previous generations been porfirista
Zapata himself always had a reputation for being a fancy dresser
appearing at bullfights and rodeos in his elaborate charro (cowboy) costume
Though his flashiness would usually have associated him with the rich hacendados who controlled the lands
he seems to have retained the admiration and even adoration of the people of his village
so that by the time he was 30 he was the chief of the village
Though he was not of pure indigenous blood (he had some Spanish ancestry and was considered mestizo)
Zapata quickly became involved in struggles for the rights of the Indians of Morelos
He observed numerous conflicts between villagers and hacendados over the constant theft of village land
and in one terrible instance saw the hacendados torch an entire village
For many years he campaigned steadily for the rights of the villagers
first establishing via ancient title deeds the claims of the villagers to disputed land
and then pressing the recalcitrant governor of Morelos into action
disgusted with the slow response from the government and the overt bias towards the wealthy plantation owners
Porfirio Díaz was being threatened by the candidacy of Francisco I
who at the time was perceived as a chance for genuine change in Mexico
unrest finally broke out in the formation of guerrilla bands
becoming the general of an army that formed in Morelos (the Ejercito Libertador del Sur – Liberation Army of the South)
Zapata was partly influenced by an anarchist from Northern Mexico named Ricardo Flores Magón
The influence of Magón on Zapata can be seen in the Zapatismo Plan de Ayala
but even more notably in the Zapatista slogan “Tierra y libertad” or “land and liberty,” the title and maxim of Magón’s most famous work
Zapata’s introduction to anarchism came via a local schoolteacher
who exposed Zapata to the works of Peter Kropotkin and Flores Magón at the same time as Zapata was observing and beginning to participate in the struggles of the peasants for the land
largely due to widespread rebellions by the peones
some new land reforms were carried out and elections were to be ensured
Zapata was dissatisfied with Madero’s stance on land reform
to make Madero understand the importance of the issue or to get him to act on it and support the Plan de Ayala
after Madero’s appointment of a governor who supported the plantation owners and his lack of motion towards settling the land issue to Zapata’s satisfaction
Emiliano mobilized the Liberation Army again
if the people could not win their rights now
they would have no chance once they were unarmed and helpless
Madero sent several generals to try and defang Zapata with little success
Madero was soon thereafter overthrown by Victoriano Huerta
who gave amnesty to Díaz and suppressed indigenous resistance to land reforms
The peasant reaction to this increased the size of Zapata’s forces considerably
and also gave rise to a new group in the north: the Villistas under Pancho Villa
The Villistas were mainly composed of Madero supporters
Zapata at first was hesitant to meet with Villa
after Villa vehemently rejected the Plan de Ayala when a Zapatista introduced him to the concept in prison
Opposition to Huerta coalesced under Venustiano Carranza
who led a Constitutionalist faction which both Villa and Zapata eventually allied with
These forces proved too much for Huerta to match
the Constitutionalists set up a convention to decide the form of the government
pointing out that none of the attendees had been elected
Instead the chiefs in Morelos sent a delegation to present the Plan de Ayala for consideration and observe the state of the convention
Soon thereafter Carranza had himself made head of the government
Initially Carranza commanded the loyalty of Álvaro Obregón
but grew increasingly fractured after many long years of campaigning
The Carranza regime ultimately put a bounty on Zapata’s head
expecting disenfranchised Zapatistas to betray him
It also attempted to entice away the other chiefs in the Zapatista army; neither proposition proved successful
a General Guajardo invited Zapata for a meeting
Guajardo riddled him with bullets and turned his body in for the bounty (getting half of what was originally promised)
the Liberation Army of the South slowly fell apart
eventually disappearing after Obregón’s rebellion deposed Carranza
particularly in revolutionary tendencies in south Mexico
Via Libcom.org
The ROAR Collective published ROAR Magazine (2011-’22)
an online journal of the radical imagination that provided grassroots perspectives from the front-lines of the global struggle for real democracy
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Source URL — https://roarmag.org/2016/04/10/on-this-day-in-1919-emiliano-zapata-assassinated/